SAE1008 HRPO
天铁冷镦钢SAE1008的开发及生产工艺优化
７１ 低 倍 检 验 ．
大包 与 中间包使用 铝碳 质保护套管并加氩 封 ， 中 间包 至结 晶器采用铝碳 质浸人式保护套管保护 浇注 ；
中间包 内添加微碳覆盖 剂 ， 结晶器 内采用空心 预熔 颗
粒 保护渣 。开浇液面控制 在 ４ ０ｍ 以上 ， ５ ｍ 连浇 炉次 要求满液 面浇注 。 以上措 施有效 减少了钢液在浇铸过 程 中的二次氧化 ， 同时提高了对夹杂物的吸附效果 。
２ 管线钢 的成 分设计
一
一
一
一
一 ３ ３ ３ Ｏ ０ Ｏ
Ｏ ０ Ｏ
原因之一 ， （ Ｂ类 氧化 铝 ） Ｄ类 （ 和 球状 氧化 物 ） 夹杂物
拉碳枪 位 由 ９ ０ｍｍ调 整至 ７０ｍ ０ ０ ｍ，稳定 吹炼终 点
的影响最大 ， 颗粒越大 ， 越容 易开裂。 冷镦工艺要求该 钢具有很高 的洁净度 ， 严格控 制钢 中的 ｓ、 ｌ ｉＡ 含量 。
３ 生产 工艺路线
５２ 二 冷 配 水 采 用 弱 冷 却 制 度 ．
Ｓ Ｅ ０８ Ａ １０ 开发生产 以来 ，共取 连铸坯 ５ 块进 行 ２ 了低倍检验 ，低倍组 织缺陷主要是缩孑 及 中心疏 松 ， Ｌ
但缺陷等级均控制在 了标 准之 内。 Ａ １０ Ｓ Ｅ ０ ８钢低倍 检
二冷 采用 自动配水 ，比水量 控制在 １ ０ １ ０Ｌ ． ～ ． ／ ６ ８
甏工艺过程和产品质量的跟 踪分 析 ， 确定了关键工艺和相应参 数。优化改进冷镦钢炼钢 、 连铸工艺
参数后 ， 使盘条质量得到大幅度提高 ， 满足了用 户的要求 。
罄
关键词
冷镦钢
成分 脱氧 夹杂物 性 能
优化
开发
Edimax ES-1008PH ES-1008P GS-1008PH GS-1008P 快速安装指
ES-1008PH / ES-1008P GS-1008PH / GS-1008PCOPYRIGHTCopyright Edimax Technology Co., Ltd. all rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual or otherwise, without the prior written permission from Edimax Technology Co., Ltd.Edimax Technology Co., Ltd. makes no representations or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any warranties, merchantability, or fitness for any particular purpose. Edimax Technology Co., Ltd. reserves the right to revise this publication and to make changes from time to time in the contents hereof without the obligation to notify any person of such revision or changes.The product you have purchased and the setup screen may appear slightly different from those shown in this QIG. The specification is subject to change without notice. Please visit our web site for the update. All brand and product names mentioned in this manual are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of their respective holders.Edimax Technology Co., Ltd.Add: No. 3, Wu‐Chuan 3rd Rd., Wu‐Ku Industrial Park, New Taipei City, TaiwanTel: +886‐2‐77396888Email: ****************.twPRODUCT INTRODUCTIONModel no.:ES-1008PH: 8-Port Fast Ethernet Switch with 4 PoE+ PortsES-1008P: 8-Port Fast Ethernet PoE+ SwitchGS-1008PH: 8-Port Gigabit Ethernet Switch with 4 PoE+ PortsGS-1008P: 8-Port Gigabit Ethernet PoE+ SwitchPackage ContentsBefore you start using this switch, please check if there is anything missing in the package, and contact your dealer to claim the missing item(s):●PoE switch x 1pcs●Quick installation guide x 1pcs●Power cord x 1pcs●Rubber feet x 4pcs●Rack-mount brackets and screws x 1 setFront Panel:Please refer to the following description for the front panel:ES-1008PHES-1008PGS-1008PHGS-1008PLED Definitions:LED Name Light Status DescriptionPWR On Switch on and correctly poweredOff Switch not powered or not correctly poweredLINK/ACT On Port is connectedOff Port is not connectedFlashing Port is active and transferring/receiving dataPoE On PoE on and powering PoE/PoE+Off PoE is not activatedBack Panel:Power Connector:Plug in the female connector of the provided power cord into this connector, and the male into a power outlet. Supported input voltages range from 100-240V AC, and 50-60 Hz.Product Specifications:Model ES-1008PH ES-1008P GS-1008PH GS-1008PStandards IEEE 802.3 10BaseTIEEE 802.3u 100BaseTXIEEE 802.3af/802.3at PoEIEEE 802.3x Flow ControlIEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient EthernetIEEE 802.3 10BaseTIEEE 802.3u 100BaseTXIEEE 802.3ab 1000BaseTIEEE 802.3af/802.3at PoEIEEE 802.3x Flow ControlIEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient EthernetInterface RJ-45 8 ports 8 ports 8 ports 8 ports PoE 4 ports 8 ports 4 ports 8 portsMAC Address 1K 8KBuffer Memory 96KB 128KB Jumbo Frames n/a 9KBPower budget 80W 150W 80W 150W Power Consumption 5 Watts (Max)Dimensions 266 x 184 x 44 x W x H)Weight 1.95 kgOperating Temperature 0 to 50℃Storage Temperature -40 to 70℃Humidity Operating:10 to 90% RH (non-condensing)1.PRODUCT INSTALLATIONThere are two ways to install your switch, please select one that suitsyou.2.Desktop Installation1. Install the switch on a level surface that can support the weight ofthe unit and the relevant components, and attach the rubber feet tothe bottom. The rubber feet cushion the switch and helps protect thecase from scratches.2. Plug the switch into an electrical source with the provided power cord.3.Rack-Mount InstallationRack mounting allows for a more orderly installation when aseries of network devices is being installed.1. Disconnect all the cables from the switch.2. Place the unit the right way up on a hard, flat surface with the frontfacing you.3. Position a mounting bracket over the mounting holes on one side ofthe unit.4. Insert the screws and fully tighten with a suitable screwdriver.5. Repeat the two previous steps for the other side of the unit.6. Insert the unit into the rack and secure with suitable screws7. Reconnect all the cables.Regarding the installation environment, we strongly recommend:1.The switch should be placed in an appropriately ventilation environment.A minimum 25 mm space around the unit is recommended.2.The switch and the relevant components should be kept away from sourcesof electrical noise such as radios, transmitters and broadband amplifiers.3.Avoid environments with higher than recommended moisture levels.Troubleshooting1.Power LED is not litCheck if the power cord is properly connected to the plug and the poweroutlet; make sure the power cord is firmly plugged into the power socket of the switch.2.LINK/ACT LED is not lit when connected to devices●Make sure the network device attached to the switch is turned on.●Make sure the network cable is properly connected to the switch and thenetwork device.●Make sure the network cable is a UTP cable that complies with EIA/TIA 568and Category 5 specifications.Contact your dealer if problems persist.Federal Communication Commission Interference StatementThis equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of FCC Rules. These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation. This equipment generates, uses, and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions, may cause harmful interference to radio communications.However, there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception, which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures:1. Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.2. Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver.3. Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected.4. Consult the dealer or an experienced radio technician for help.FCC CautionThis device and its antenna must not be co-located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter.This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules. Operation is subject to the following two conditions: (1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and (2) this device must accept any interference received, including interference that may cause undesired operation.Any changes or modifications not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the authority to operate equipment.CE Mark WarningThis is a class B product. In a domestic environment this product may cause radio interference in which case the user may be required to take adequate measures.。
sae1008 标准
sae1008 标准
SAE1008是一种炭素含量较低的钢材标准，通常用于冷拔、冷弯和焊接等工艺中。
它具有优良的可加工性能和成型性能，适用于制造各种冷拔产品和焊接构件。
SAE1008标准的钢材具有一定的强度和韧性，适用于一些对材料性能要求不是特别高的领域。
SAE1008标准要求其化学成分符合一定的范围，其中碳含量不超过0.10%，锰含量不超过0.50%，硫含量不超过0.030%，磷含量不超过0.040%。
此外，还有一些其他元素的要求，如硅、铝、铬、镍等元素的含量也有相应的限制。
这些要求保证了钢材的成分稳定，从而保证了其性能的稳定性和可靠性。
在生产过程中，需要严格控制炉温、轧制温度和冷却速度等工艺参数，以保证钢材的组织和性能符合标准要求。
对于冷拔产品，还需要进行适当的退火处理，以提高其塑性和韧性。
对于焊接构件，需要选择适当的焊接工艺和焊接材料，以保证焊接接头的质量和性能。
SAE1008标准的钢材广泛应用于汽车制造、家电制造、机械制造等领域。
在汽车制造中，它常用于制造车身零部件、车轮、车轴等零部件。
在家电制造中，常用于制造冰箱、洗衣机、空调等产品的外壳和结构件。
在机械制造中，常用于制造各种结构件、连接件、传动件等。
总的来说，SAE1008标准的钢材具有良好的加工性能和成型性能，适用于各种冷加工和焊接工艺。
在合理控制工艺参数的情况下，能够满足各种工程要求，广泛应用于汽车制造、家电制造、机械制造等领域。
同时，生产厂家和使用单位应严格按照标准要求进行生产和使用，以保证产品质量和安全性。
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求一、SAE1008钢材简介SAE1008钢材是一种优质碳素结构钢，具有良好的机械性能和焊接性能，广泛应用于汽车、船舶、机械等领域。
在我国，SAE1008钢材的生产和应用已经得到了广泛的推广。
二、SAE1008钢材表面质量等级要求1.表面质量等级分类SAE1008钢材的表面质量分为四个等级：精品、一级、二级和三级。
精品表面质量最高，三级表面质量最低。
2.表面质量要求的具体指标（1）精品：表面光滑，无明显的氧化皮、疤痕和油污等缺陷；（2）一级：表面质量良好，允许有少量氧化皮和轻微疤痕；（3）二级：表面质量尚可，允许有较多的氧化皮和疤痕；（4）三级：表面质量较差，氧化皮和疤痕较多。
3.表面质量对钢材性能的影响表面质量直接影响SAE1008钢材的耐蚀性、焊接性能和机械性能。
表面质量越高，钢材的耐蚀性和焊接性能越好，机械性能也越稳定。
三、SAE1008钢材表面质量检测与评估1.检测方法表面质量检测方法主要包括：视觉检测、磁粉探伤、渗透探伤等。
2.评估标准根据GB/T 19808-2005《钢板和钢带表面质量评定》等相关标准进行评估。
3.表面质量缺陷的处理对于表面质量缺陷，应采取相应的处理措施，如打磨、抛光、喷涂等，以提高钢材的表面质量。
四、提高SAE1008钢材表面质量的途径1.生产工艺优化通过调整轧制工艺、热处理工艺等，提高钢材的表面质量。
2.设备与工具改进更新生产设备，提高生产过程中的表面质量控制水平；改进切割、焊接等工具，降低表面划伤、氧化等缺陷。
3.严格的质量管理体系建立完善的质量管理体系，对生产过程中的表面质量进行严格监控，确保钢材表面质量达到要求。
五、总结与应用建议SAE1008钢材表面质量对其应用性能具有重要影响。
生产企业应关注表面质量等级要求，通过优化生产工艺、改进设备和工具、建立严格的质量管理体系等措施，提高钢材表面质量。
SAE1008、SAE1010出口盘条的生产
艺流程， 使产品命 中率不断提高， 较好地完成 了出
化 学成 分要求 见表 １ 。
／ ％
表 １ Ｓ Ｅ ０ ８Ｓ Ｅ ００出口盘条的化 学成分 Ａ １０ Ａ １ １
１ ３ 尺寸公 差 ．
国标 （ Ｂ Ｔ４ ８ — ０４ Ａ级精度即可。线材 厂 Ｇ ／ １９ １ ２０ ） 根据产品的性能要求及生产实际情况 ， 为确保 产
第 ３ １卷
第 ４ 期
黑 龙 江 冶 金
Ｖ １３ ０．１
Ｎ ． ｏ４
２ １ １ 月 ０１ 年 ２
Ｈ ｉ ｎ ｊ ｎ Ｍｅａ ｕｇ ｅｌ ｇｉ ｇ ｏ ａ ｔｌ ｒｙ ｌ
Ｄｅ ｅ ｅ ２ １ ｃ ｍｂ ｒ ０ｌ
Ｓ Ｅ ８ Ｓ Ｅ 口盘 条 的 生产 Ａ １０ 、Ａ １ １ ０ ０ ０出
口合 同 的生产任 务 。
１ Ｓ Ｅ ｏ ８ Ｓ Ｅ ０ ０ 出 口 材 技 术 Ａ １ｏ 、 Ａ １ １ 要 求
１ １ 化 学成份 ．
高， 且多为个性化定单 ， 品抗拉强度波动范 围只 产
有 ４ ＭＰ ， 产难 度大 ， 务 重 。炼 钢单 位 和 轧 材 ０ ａ生 任 单 位通 过生 产 攻 关 ， 整 工 艺 ， 强 协 调 ， 顺 工 调 加 理
炉， 命中率 ６ ．１ ， １１％ 成分 、 性能统计情况见表 ４ 。
表 ４ 第一批 ． ｍ Ａ １０ ５ ｍ Ｓ Ｅ ０ ８轧制情 况
３ ２ 优 化 及改进 措 施 ．
通过对线材产品成分 、 检测数据进行 统计 分 析可以看出， 产品延伸率都能达到要求 ， 主要是抗 拉强度偏高造成产 品命 中率低。由于产品的抗拉
Ａｂ ｔ ａ ｔ Ｔ ｅ ｓ ｕ ｔ ｎ ｏ ｈ ｒ ｄ ｃ ｉｎ ｏ ＡＥ１ ０ Ｓ Ｅ１ ０ ｅ ｐ ｒ ｄ ｗ ｒ ｏ ａ ｎ ｒ ｄ ｃ ｄ ｓ ｒ ｃ ： ｈ ｉ ａ ｉ ｆ ｔ ｅ ｐ ｏ ｕ ｔ ｆＳ ｔ ｏ ｏ ０ ８、 Ａ ０１ ｘ ｏｔ ｉ ｒ ｄ ｗ ｓ ｉ ｔ ｕ ｅ ｅ ｅ ｏ Ｃ ｎ ｒ ｌ ｄ ｒ ｌ ｎ ｎ ｏ ｔ ｌ ｄ ｃ ｏｉ ｇ ｗａ ｉｃ ｓｅ ． ｏ ｔｏｌ ｏｌ ｇ ａ ｄ ｃ ｎｒ ｌ ｏ ｌ ｓ ｄ ｓ ｕ ｓ ｄ ｅ ｉ ｏｅ ｎ
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求SAE1008钢材是一种常用的低碳钢材，广泛应用于各种工业领域。
当使用SAE1008钢材时，确保其表面质量符合相应的等级要求是非常重要的。
SAE1008钢材的表面质量分为四个等级：A级、B级、C级和D级。
这些等级代表了不同质量标准和表面缺陷的容忍程度。
以下是对每个等级的简要描述：A级：这是最高质量等级，表明表面几乎没有缺陷或有非常小的缺陷。
A级表面应该是平坦、光滑、无裂纹、无氧化、无划痕，且没有其他妨碍使用的缺陷。
B级：B级质量要求稍低于A级，但仍需要有较好的外观。
B级表面应保持平坦，但允许有少量轻微的凹痕、划痕或氧化。
然而，这些缺陷不得妨碍钢材的使用。
C级：C级表面质量要求更低，允许有一些较为明显的表面缺陷。
这包括凹陷、划痕、斑点和氧化。
然而，这些缺陷仍然不能妨碍钢材的功能。
D级：这是最低质量等级，允许有较多的表面缺陷。
D级表面可能存在较大的凹痕、划痕、氧化和斑点。
然而，这些缺陷不应影响钢材的结构性能。
在实际应用中，选择适当的表面质量等级取决于钢材的用途和用户的需求。
一般而言，高要求的应用会选择A级表面质量，而低要求的应用可能会接受C级或D级。
为了确保SAE1008钢材的表面质量符合所需的等级要求，生产厂家通常会进行严格的质量控制和检测。
这包括使用适当的工艺和设备以及定期进行表面检查。
总而言之，了解SAE1008钢材表面质量等级的要求是非常重要的，以确保其在各种应用中的可靠性和符合预期标准。
适当的表面质量等级选择将有助于提高产品质量并满足用户需求。
sae 1008盘条对应的执行标准
sae 1008盘条对应的执行标准一、概述Sae1008盘条是一种常用的碳钢盘条，主要用于制造各种弹簧、钢丝绳、钢缆等产品。
本文件规定了Sae1008盘条的原料、尺寸、重量、性能要求、试验方法、检验规则、标志、包装、运输和储存等。
二、执行标准1.原料要求：Sae1008盘条的原料应符合相关国家标准和行业标准的规定，主要原料包括碳钢、硅锰等合金元素。
原料应经过严格的质量控制和检验，确保符合生产要求。
2.尺寸和重量：Sae1008盘条的直径应在6.5mm至8mm之间，允许偏差为±0.1mm。
盘条重量应在3kg至4kg之间，允许偏差为±0.2kg。
3.性能要求：Sae1008盘条的性能要求主要包括拉伸强度、伸长率、弯曲性能、冲击韧性等指标。
这些指标应符合相关国家标准和行业标准的规定，以确保产品的质量和性能。
4.试验方法：为了测定Sae1008盘条的性能指标，应采用相关国家标准和行业标准的试验方法，例如拉伸试验、弯曲试验、冲击试验等。
这些试验方法应严格按照标准操作进行，以确保结果的准确性和可靠性。
5.检验规则：Sae1008盘条的检验规则应符合相关国家和行业标准的规定。
生产过程中应进行抽样检验，确保产品质量符合标准要求。
不合格的产品应进行返工或报废处理，确保整个生产过程的稳定性和可靠性。
三、标志、包装、运输和储存1.标志：Sae1008盘条的产品表面应标明产品名称、规格、生产厂家、生产日期等标识。
标识应清晰可见，易于识别。
2.包装：Sae1008盘条应采用符合防潮、防尘、防震等要求的包装方式进行储存和运输。
包装应包括内外包装袋、固定支架等，以确保产品的安全和完整性。
3.运输：Sae1008盘条在运输过程中应避免剧烈振动和碰撞，确保产品的安全和完整性。
运输过程中应采取必要的防护措施，防止产品受到损害。
4.储存：Sae1008盘条应存放在干燥、通风良好的仓库内，避免阳光直射和雨淋等。
储存过程中应定期检查产品的质量，发现问题及时处理。
100818 常用塑胶材料牌号
日本宝理(Polyplstics)，台湾奇美(Chimei)，美国通用（GE），美国GLS,美国杜邦(Dupont)，美国山都坪（Santoprene），德国拜耳(Bayer)，德国巴赛尔（Basell），德国巴斯夫（Basf）,瑞士EMS，韩国三星(Samsung)，韩国LG，韩国晓星(Hyosung)，美国泰科纳（Ticona），美国液氮（LNP），美国伊士曼(Eastman)，雪佛龙菲利浦(Chevron Phillips)，日本UMG，日本宇部(UBE)，日本三菱（Mitsubishi）,日本住友(Sumitomo)，日本帝人（Teijin），日本油墨(DIC)，日本旭化成（Asahi Kasei）日本东丽(Toray),沙特基础(Sabic)，比利时苏威（Solvay），英国英力士（Ineos）常用塑胶材料牌号PP泰国HP480S、332K、3342M、3342R、348S、1100NK、1102、1126NK、200F、348N、茂名T30S、T36F、V30G;台塑3015、1005、1040、1080、1120、1124、2080、3040、3040C、FPD943、K1011 K1023北京B303、EPC30R、HHP1、HHP3、HHP4印度SS35N、H030SG、H100EY、H110MA台湾3010、K1020、K1011、K1023、K1035、K4015、K4515、K4535、K8010、K8025、K8802、1005、T8002、4210、4410、7533、6331、7633 ST868M日本住友W531、W531A;韩国现代H1500、H5300、DJ560S、DJ570S、H1501、H4540、M1250、M1600、R1610、DJ570S、台湾永嘉1120、3204、5020、3015、3080、5090T燕山石化1300、B4808、K1001、K1003、K1005、K1008、K4818、K4912、K7726、K7760、K8303、K9020、K9035、T1701、T1702扬子石化F401、F501、J301G、J340、K8003、K9015、K9927、S1004、S2309、S700、3008、307G、706上海赛科K4912、M800E、3317、510M、C1007、K4912、K7926、K7930、K8003、S1003、S2040宁波1120、3015、5090T、台湾福聚366-3、366-4、366-5、6331、6524、73F4-3、7533、7633、7633-3、7633U、PD943、ST751、ST031、ST868M、ST869M、PJ3001、PJ3003、PJ3004、台湾南亚3219M3、3317、3307、3117、3310韩国晓星J440、J440X、J640、J740X、J801R、HJ800R、HJ801R、J440W、R300X、R301、R530A、J340、B100N、J700、J742S、R401、R601、R701新加坡7033N、9999SS、AW564、AZ864、AY564、W531L、W531P、Y101H、Z433、1304E1、AP03B韩国锦湖H150U美国0544、GF30-04、H17UC00、TS01广州金发PP-20、R008、G220、R30-701、TC15G、FR-NC03、香港NB2620G、NB2630G、美国液氮MFL-36S、4036HS、MS-1003南非100P、HKR102埃克森7032E3、7033E3、AP03B、AP3AW、AP7885巴赛尔EP300H、HP550J、KY6110巴西H103、H503中石油独山子A180TM、A002TM、A200T、AF005、DY-GK2590S、W0723F、W0825RT俄罗斯21030法国3365沙特500P、520L、570P、575P、578P、670K、910MNK40上海石化F800E、M1600E、M180R、M250E、M2600R、M450E、M500、M700R、M800E、T300、Y2600、Y3700CPP填充级(滑石粉填充10%-30%)、高刚性、高耐热。
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求
【原创版】
目录
1.SAE1008 钢材概述
2.SAE1008 钢材表面质量等级要求
3.表面质量等级的评定标准
4.表面质量等级的实际应用
正文
【1.SAE1008 钢材概述】
SAE1008 是美标牌号，表示这是一种高质碳结构钢，主要应用于汽车、摩托车、工程机械等领域。
这种钢材具有良好的可塑性、可锻性和焊接性能，是制造各种机械零部件的理想材料。
【2.SAE1008 钢材表面质量等级要求】
SAE1008 钢材的表面质量等级主要分为三个等级：A、B、C。
其中，A 级表面质量要求最高，C 级表面质量要求最低。
【3.表面质量等级的评定标准】
表面质量等级的评定主要依据以下三个指标：
(1) 表面粗糙度：表面粗糙度是指表面的不平整程度。
它直接影响到钢材的涂层附着力和防腐蚀性能。
(2) 表面清洁度：表面清洁度是指表面是否有油脂、污垢等污染物。
污染物会影响涂层的附着力，从而影响到钢材的防腐蚀性能。
(3) 表面缺陷：表面缺陷包括裂纹、折叠、夹渣等，这些缺陷会影响到钢材的强度和美观度。
【4.表面质量等级的实际应用】
表面质量等级的选择主要取决于使用环境和使用要求。
例如，如果是在防腐蚀环境下使用，应选择表面质量等级较高的钢材；如果是在普通环境下使用，可以选择表面质量等级较低的钢材。
总的来说，SAE1008 钢材的表面质量等级要求是为了保证钢材的涂层附着力、防腐蚀性能和使用寿命。
ASTMA_1008_2005
碳素结构钢、高强度低合金及改善成型性的固溶强化和烘烤硬化高强度低合金冷轧薄钢板 ·1·碳素结构钢、高强度低合金及改善成型性的固溶强化和烘烤硬化高强度低合金冷轧薄钢板1ASTM A1008/A1008M-05a本标准按固定标准号A1008/A1008M出版，其后的数字为原来所采用年份或修订版及上次修订版的年份。
括号内的数字表示上次重新批准的年份。
上标希腊字母（ε）表示自上次改版或重新批准以来的排版变化。
1 适用范围1.1 本标准适用碳素结构钢、高强度低合金和改善成型性的固溶强化和烘烤硬化高强度低合金冷轧薄钢板，包括板卷和横切定尺板。
1.2 按4.1列出的钢号级别供应冷轧薄板。
1.3 本标准不适用标准A109/A109M中所规定的对带钢的要求。
1.4 用英寸/磅或SI单位标明的数值分别为独立的标准。
文中SI单位数值标在括号内。
用两种单位制表示的数值不是精准的等换值，所以两种单位制必须独立使用，不可混合使用。
注：1.本标准由钢、不锈钢和相关合金钢ASTM委员会A01授权颁布，直属薄板和带钢委员会分会A01.19。
现行版本于2005年9月15日被批准。
2005年9月出版。
最初版本在2000年获批准，最新版本在2005年获批准，标准号为A1008/A1008M-05。
2.对于可参照的ASTM标准，请访问ASTM网页www.astm.or，或与service@上的ASTM用户服务机构联系。
对于ASTM标准年鉴，请参见ASTM网页上的标准文献汇编页。
3.撤消。
2 引用文件2.1 ASTM标准2：·2· 国外标准选编（2006）A109/A109M 冷轧碳素钢（C≤0.25%）、板卷标准A366/A366M 冷轧商业级（CS）碳素（≤0.15%）薄板标准3A370 钢产品力学性能试验方法和定义A568/A568M 热轧和冷轧高强度低合金碳素薄钢板一般要求4A620/A620M 深冲（DS）级冷轧碳素薄板标准3A941 关于钢、不锈钢、合金和铁合金专业术语5E18 冶金材料的洛氏硬度和洛氏表面硬度的试验方法E517 薄板塑性应变比γ值的试验方法E646 薄板板材抗拉应变硬化指数（n-值）的试验方法3 定义3.1 定义3.1.1 本标准所使用的其它专门名词的定义参见“术语”A941。
【2017年整理】国内外乙烯基酯树脂牌号及各树脂性能
【2017年整理】国内外乙烯基酯树脂牌号及各树脂性能国内外乙烯基树脂性能一、国内外乙烯基酯树脂牌号一览表亚什兰昭和聚DSM 公司陶氏化学上纬企业上海富晨上海天和 Reichhold 化学合物公司国度美国美国日本荷兰台湾上海挪威上海Norpol 品牌 Derakane Hetron Ripoxy Atlac Swancor Fuchem TH Dion 854、879 标准型双酚A环氧乙烯基酯 411 922 806 430 901 9100 110 880 阻燃型环氧乙烯基酯 510 992 550 750 905 892 9300 310210、220、酚醛环氧乙烯基酯 470 980 630 590 907 890 9400 230—高交联密度型环氧乙烯基酯— 970 600 — 977 898 9700—柔性环氧乙烯基酯 8084 ——— 980 810 ——PU改性型环氧乙烯基酯——— 580 — 820 9800 二、产品种类由于树脂合成的工艺和方法的不同，各家乙烯基树脂的结构、性能及应用也会略有差别。
2.1、标准型双酚A环氧乙烯基酯树脂(陶氏411-亚什兰922-昭和806-430-上纬901-富晨854、879、880-挪威9100-天和110)标准型双酚A环氧乙烯基树脂是由甲基丙烯酸与双酚A环氧树脂通过反应合成的乙烯基树脂，已溶于苯乙烯溶液，该类型树脂具有以下特点: 在分子链两端的双键极其活泼，使乙烯基树脂能迅速固化，很快得到使用强度，得到具有高度耐腐蚀性聚合物;采用甲基丙烯酸合成，酯键边的甲基可起保护作用，提高耐水解性;树脂含酯键量少，每摩尔比耐化学聚酯(双酚A-富马酸UPR)少35-50%，使其耐碱性能提高;较多的仲羟基可以改善对玻璃纤维的湿润性与粘结性，提高了层合制品的力学强度;由于仅在分子两端交联，因此分子链在应力作用下可以伸长，以吸收外力或热冲击，表现出耐微裂或开裂。
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求
Sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求1. 介绍Sae1008钢材是一种优质的轧制钢材，广泛应用于汽车制造、机械制造和建筑领域。
其表面质量对于最终产品的质量和外观至关重要。
对sae1008钢材的表面质量等级有着严格的要求。
2. 表面质量等级对于sae1008钢材的表面质量等级，国际上一般是按照表面缺陷和允许的表面质量瑕疵程度来进行评定的。
具体来说，主要包括以下等级要求：2.1 表面缺陷表面缺陷主要包括铁锈、氧化皮、划痕、凹陷等。
根据不同的等级要求，对于这些表面缺陷的大小、数量和密度都有着严格的限制。
对于最高等级要求的sae1008钢材，表面缺陷应几乎为零，而对于一般等级要求的sae1008钢材，则有一定的允许范围。
2.2 表面质量瑕疵在对sae1008钢材表面质量的评定中，还包括了对表面质量瑕疵的允许程度。
这些瑕疵主要包括斑点、气泡、切割边缘不良、色差等。
根据不同等级的要求，这些瑕疵在sae1008钢材表面的允许程度也有所不同。
3. 个人观点在使用sae1008钢材制造产品时，表面质量的好坏直接影响最终产品的质量和外观。
对于sae1008钢材的表面质量等级要求不能忽视。
通过严格的等级要求，可以保证sae1008钢材的表面质量达到高标准，从而提高最终产品的质量和竞争力。
总结sae1008钢材的表面质量等级要求是非常严格的，主要包括表面缺陷和表面质量瑕疵的允许程度。
通过严格的等级要求，可以保证sae1008钢材表面质量的高标准，从而保障最终产品的质量和外观。
对于使用sae1008钢材制造产品的生产厂家来说，遵守表面质量等级要求是非常重要的，这样才能生产出高质量的产品，提升企业竞争力。
以上就是我对sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求的个人观点和总结。
希望能够对你有所帮助。
sae1008钢材的表面质量等级要求是制定和实施非常重要的。
在实际生产和使用过程中，能够严格遵守这些要求，确保钢材表面质量达到标准，对于产品质量和企业形象都有着重要的意义。
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求
sae1008钢材表面质量等级要求摘要：一、引言二、RTOvoc 的定义与作用三、RTOvoc 含氧量的标准四、RTOvoc 含氧量的影响因素1.废气成分2.燃烧温度3.催化剂五、RTOvoc 含氧量的控制方法1.废气预处理2.燃烧过程优化3.催化剂选择与维护六、RTOvoc 含氧量对处理效果的影响1.处理效率2.排放标准3.设备寿命七、结论正文：一、引言随着工业生产的发展，废气处理技术越来越受到重视。
在众多废气处理技术中，RTO（Regenerative Thermal Oxidizer，再生热氧化器）voc 是一种高效的有机废气处理设备。
RTOvoc 的运行效果受到多种因素的影响，其中含氧量是一个关键指标。
本文将详细探讨RTOvoc 含氧量的相关问题。
二、RTOvoc 的定义与作用RTOvoc 是一种采用热氧化方法处理低浓度、大风量有机废气的设备。
通过将废气加热至一定温度，使其中的有机物质氧化分解，从而达到净化废气的目的。
RTOvoc 具有较高的处理效率和较低的运行成本，广泛应用于石油化工、印刷、涂料、胶粘剂等行业。
三、RTOvoc 含氧量的标准RTOvoc 的运行要求废气中的氧气浓度保持在一定范围内，通常要求在2%~10% 之间。
含氧量过低会导致处理效果不佳，而过高则容易引发爆炸等安全事故。
因此，合理控制RTOvoc 含氧量是保证设备正常运行的关键。
四、RTOvoc 含氧量的影响因素1.废气成分：不同行业的废气成分差异较大，某些成分可能影响废气中的氧气含量。
例如，含有较多氮气的废气可能导致氧气浓度降低，从而影响处理效果。
2.燃烧温度：燃烧温度对废气中的氧气含量有显著影响。
燃烧温度过低，氧气与有机物的反应不充分，导致氧气浓度降低；燃烧温度过高，废气中的氧气会被进一步消耗，同样影响处理效果。
3.催化剂：RTOvoc 中通常使用催化剂来提高处理效率。
催化剂的种类和活性直接影响废气中的氧气含量，因此需要在实际运行中根据废气成分选择合适的催化剂。
NEC 2SA1008 说明书
Document No. D14866EJ2V0DS00 (2nd edition)Date Published April 2002 N CP(K)Printed in JapanSILICON POWER TRANSISTOR2SA1008PNP SILICON EPITAXIAL TRANSISTORFOR HIGH-SPEED SWITCHINGDATA SHEETThe information in this document is subject to change without notice. Before using this document, please confirm that this is the latest version.Not all devices/types available in every country. Please check with local NEC representative for availability and additional information.©2002The 2SA1008 is a mold power transistor developed for high-speed switching, and is ideal for use as a driver in devices such as switching regulators, DC/DC converters, and high-frequency power amplifiers.FEATURES•Low collector saturation voltage •Fast switching speed•Complementary transistor: 2SC2331ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS (T A = 25°C)ParameterSymbol ConditionsRatings Unit Collector to base voltage V CBO −100V Collector to emitter voltage V CEO −100V Emitter to base voltage V EBO −7.0V Collector current (DC)I C(DC)−2.0A Collector current (pulse)I C(pulse)PW ≤ 300 µs,duty cycle ≤ 10%−4.0A Base current (DC)I B(DC)−1.0A T C = 25°C 15W Total power dissipation P T T A = 25°C 1.5W Junction temperature T j 150°C Storage temperatureT stg−55 to +150°CORDERING INFORMATIONPart No.Package 2SA1008TO-220AB(TO-220AB)Data Sheet D14866EJ2V0DS2ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS (T A = 25°C)ParameterSymbol ConditionsMIN.TYP.MAX.Unit Collector to emitter voltage V CEO(SUS)I C = −1.0 A, I B1 = −0.1 A, L = 1 mH −100V Collector to emitter voltage V CEX(SUS)1I C = − 1.0 A, I B1 = −I B2 = −0.1 A,V BE(OFF) = 5.0 V, L = 180 µH, clamped −100V Collector to emitter voltage V CEX(SUS)2I C = −2.0 A, I B1 = −0.2 A, I B2 = 0.1 A,V BE(OFF) = 5.0 V, L = 180 µH, clamped −100VCollector cutoff current I CBO V CB = −100 V, I E = 0 A−10µA Collector cutoff current I CER V CE = −100 V, R BE = 51 Ω, T A = 125°C −1.0mA Collector cutoff current I CEX1V CE = −100 V, V BE(OFF) = 1.5 V −10µA Collector cutoff current I CEX2V CE = −100 V, V BE(OFF) = 1.5 V,T A = 125°C−1.0mAEmitter cutoff current I EBO V EB = −5.0 V, I C = 0 A −10µADC current gain h FE1V CE = −5.0 V, I C = −0.1 A Note 40DC current gainh FE2V CE = −5.0 V, I C = −1.0 A Note 40200Collector saturation voltage V CE(sat)I C = −1.0 A, I B = −0.1 A Note −0.6V Base saturation voltage V BE(sat)I C = −1.0 A, I B = −0.1 ANote−1.5V Turn-on time t on 0.5µsStorage time t stg 1.5µs Fall timet fI C = −1.0 A, R L = 50 Ω,I B1 = −I B2 = −0.1 A, V CC ≅ −50 V Refer to the test circuit.0.5µsNote Pulse test PW ≤ 350 µs, duty cycle ≤ 2%h FE CLASSIFICATIONMarking M L K h FE240 to 8060 to 120100 to 200SWITCHING TIME (t on , t stg , t f ) TEST CIRCUITBase current waveformCollector current waveformData Sheet D14866EJ2V0DS3TYPICAL CHARACTERISTICS (T A = 25°C)T o t a l P o w e r D i s s i p a t i o n P T (W )Ambient Temperature T A (°C)Case Temperature T C (°C)Collector to Emitter Voltage V CE (V)C o l l e c t o r C u r r e n t I C (A )C o l l e c t o r C u r r e n t I C (A )Pulse Width PW (ns)Collector to Emitter Voltage V CE (V)Collector to Emitter Voltage V CE (V)T r a n s i e n t T h e r m a l R e s i s t a n c e r t h (j -c ) (°C /W )C o l l e c t o r C u r r e n t I C (A )D e r a t i n g d T (%)2.0 mm aluminum board, no insulating board, silicon grease coatingWith infinite heatsink(T C = 25 °C)Data Sheet D14866EJ2V0DS4Collector Current I C (A)Collector Current I C (A)Collector Current I C (A)D C C u r r e n t G a i n h F EB a s e S a t u r a t i o n V o l t a g e V B E (s a t ) (V )C o l l e c t o r S a t u r a t i o n V o l t a g e V C E (s a t ) (V )F a l l T i m e t f (µs )S t o r a g e T i m e t s t g (µs )T u r n -O n T i m e t o n (µs )Pulse testPulse testPACKAGE DRAWING (UNIT: mm)1. Base2. Collector3. Emitter4. Fin (collector)Data Sheet D14866EJ2V0DS5M8E 00. 4The information in this document is current as of July, 2001. The information is subject to change without notice. For actual design-in, refer to the latest publications of NEC's data sheets or data books, etc., for the most up-to-date specifications of NEC semiconductor products. Not all products and/or types are available in every country. Please check with an NEC sales representative for availability and additional information.No part of this document may be copied or reproduced in any form or by any means without prior written consent of NEC. NEC assumes no responsibility for any errors that may appear in this document.NEC does not assume any liability for infringement of patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of third parties by or arising from the use of NEC semiconductor products listed in this document or any other liability arising from the use of such products. No license, express, implied or otherwise, is granted under any patents, copyrights or other intellectual property rights of NEC or others.Descriptions of circuits, software and other related information in this document are provided for illustrative purposes in semiconductor product operation and application examples. The incorporation of these circuits, software and information in the design of customer's equipment shall be done under the full responsibility of customer. NEC assumes no responsibility for any losses incurred by customers or third parties arising from the use of these circuits, software and information.While NEC endeavours to enhance the quality, reliability and safety of NEC semiconductor products, customers agree and acknowledge that the possibility of defects thereof cannot be eliminated entirely. To minimize risks of damage to property or injury (including death) to persons arising from defects in NEC semiconductor products, customers must incorporate sufficient safety measures in their design, such as redundancy, fire-containment, and anti-failure features.NEC semiconductor products are classified into the following three quality grades:"Standard", "Special" and "Specific". The "Specific" quality grade applies only to semiconductor products developed based on a customer-designated "quality assurance program" for a specific application. The recommended applications of a semiconductor product depend on its quality grade, as indicated below. Customers must check the quality grade of each semiconductor product before using it in a particular application."Standard":Computers, office equipment, communications equipment, test and measurement equipment, audioand visual equipment, home electronic appliances, machine tools, personal electronic equipment and industrial robots"Special":Transportation equipment (automobiles, trains, ships, etc.), traffic control systems, anti-disastersystems, anti-crime systems, safety equipment and medical equipment (not specifically designed for life support)"Specific":Aircraft, aerospace equipment, submersible repeaters, nuclear reactor control systems, lifesupport systems and medical equipment for life support, etc.The quality grade of NEC semiconductor products is "Standard" unless otherwise expressly specified in NEC's data sheets or data books, etc. If customers wish to use NEC semiconductor products in applications not intended by NEC, they must contact an NEC sales representative in advance to determine NEC's willingness to support a given application.(Note)(1)"NEC" as used in this statement means NEC Corporation and also includes its majority-owned subsidiaries.(2)"NEC semiconductor products" means any semiconductor product developed or manufactured by or forNEC (as defined above).••••••。
国内外热轧带钢牌号对照
品名牌号国外牌号对照热轧工程机械用钢Q345A美国 ASTM A572M Gr:50德国、英国、法国EN10025 E335Q345B美国ASTM A572M Gr:50德国、英国、法国EN10025 S335JR Q345C 德国、英国、法国EN10025 S335J0 Q345D 德国、英国、法国 EN10025 S335J2普通碳素结构钢Q195、Q215A、Q215B 日本 JIS G3101 SS330、SPHC、SPHD Q235A日本 JIS G3101 SS400德国、英国、法国EN10025 S235JR Q235B日本 JIS G3101 SS400德国、英国、法国EN10025 S235J0 Q235C日本 JIS G3106 SM400A SM400B德国、英国、法国EN10025 S235J0 Q235D日本 JIS G3106 SM400A德国、英国、法国EN10025 S235J2优质碳素结构钢10、15、20、08Al日本JIS G3131德国DIN EN10083-2 SAE1010、SAE1008SAE1006美国ASTM A568M低碳软钢SPHC、SPHD、SPHE 日本JIS G3131 DD11、DD12、DD13 德国DIN EN10051普通低合金钢Q345A美国ASTM A572M Gr.50德国、英国、法国 EN10025 E335 Q345B美国ASTM A572M Gr.50德国、英国、法国 EN10025 S335JR Q345C 德国、英国、法国 EN10025 S355J0Q345D 德国、英国、法国 EN10025 S355J2 S355J0+AR、S355JR+AR EN10051-2：2004Gr.65、Gr.50 美国ASTM A572/ A572M-03a焊管用钢SPHT1、SPHT2、SPHT3 日本JIS G3132石油天然气输送管线用钢L210、L245、L290、L320、L360、L390、A、B、X42、X46、X52、X56、L245MB、L290MB、L360MBAPI5L集装箱用钢SS400 日本 JIS G3101 SM490A 日本JIS G3106 SPA-H 日本JIS G3125建筑用钢SN400B 日本JIS G3136铁路车辆用低合金高强度钢GR50、GR50LCVNGR50 W/.2%Cu、GR65美国 ASTM A572TYPE2。
ASTM A1008
fine grain practice and includes microalloying elements such as columbium,vanadium,zirconium,etc.The steel may be treated to achieve inclusion control.4.2Cold-rolled steel sheet is supplied for either exposed or unexposed applications.Within the latter category,cold-rolled sheet is specified either “temper rolled”or “annealed last.”For details on processing,attributes and limitations,and inspection standards,refer to Specification A 568/A 568M.5.Ordering Information5.1It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to describe the required material.Examples of such information include,but are not limited to,the following:5.1.1ASTM specification number and year of issue,5.1.2Name of material and designation (cold-rolled steel sheet)(include grade,type,and class,as appropriate,for CS,DS,DDS,EDDS,SS,HSLAS,or HSLAS-F)(see 4.1),5.1.2.1When a type is not specified for CS or DS,Type B will be furnished (see 4.1),5.1.2.2When a class is not specified for HSLAS,Class 1will be furnished (see 4.1),5.1.2.3When a type is not specified for SS33[230]and SS40[275],Type 1will be furnished (see 4.1),5.1.3Classification (either exposed,unexposed,temper rolled,or annealed last)(see 4.2),5.1.4Finish (see 9.1),5.1.5Oiled or not oiled,as required (see 9.2),5.1.6Dimensions (thickness,thickness tolerance table (see 5.1.6.1),width,and whether cut lengths or coils),5.1.6.1As agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer,material ordered to this specification will be supplied to meet the applicable thickness tolerance table shown in Specification A 568/A 568M,N OTE 2—Not all producers are capable of meeting all the limitations of the thickness tolerance tables in Specification A 568/A 568M.The pur-chaser should contact the producer regarding possible limitations prior to placing an order.5.1.7Coil size (must include inside diameter,outside diam-eter,and maximum weight),5.1.8Copper bearing steel (if required),5.1.9Quantity,5.1.10Application (part identification and description),5.1.11Special requirements (if required),or supplementary requirement S1for HSLAS,and5.1.12A report of heat analysis will be supplied,if re-quested,for CS,DS,DDS,and EDDS.For materials with required mechanical properties,SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-F,a report is required of heat analysis and mechanical properties as determined by the tension test.N OTE 3—A typical ordering description is as follows:ASTM A 1008-XX,cold rolled steel sheet,CS Type A,exposed,matte finish,oiled,0.035by 30in.by coil,ID 24in.,OD 48in.,max weight 15000lbs,thickness tolerance Table 18of Specification A 568/A 568M,100000lb,for part No.4560,Door Panel.or:ASTM A 1008M-XX,cold-rolled steel sheet,SS grade 275,unexposed,matte finish,oiled,0.88mm by 760mm by 2440mm,thickness tolerance Table A1.15of Specification A 568/A 568M,10000kg,for shelf bracket.6.General Requirements for Delivery6.1Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A 568/A 568M unless otherwise provided herein.7.Chemical Composition7.1The heat analysis of the steel shall conform to the chemical composition requirements of the appropriate desig-nation shown in Table 1for CS,DS,DDS,and EDDS and in Table 2for SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-F.7.2Each of the elements listed in Table 1and Table 2shall be included in the report of the heat analysis.When the amount of copper,nickel,chromium,or molybdenum is less thanTABLE 1Chemical Composition AFor Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations CS,DS,DDS,and EDDSComposition,%Heat Analysis(Element Maximum Unless Otherwise ShownDesignation C Mn P S Al Si Cu B Ni B Cr B ,C Mo B V Cb Ti N CS Type A D ,E ,F ,G 0.100.600.0300.035......0.20H 0.200.150.060.0080.0080.008I ...CS Type B D 0.02to 0.150.600.0300.035......0.20H 0.200.150.060.0080.0080.008I ...CS Type C D ,E ,F ,G 0.080.600.100.035......0.20H 0.200.150.060.0080.0080.008I ...DS Type A E ,J 0.080.500.0200.0300.01min ...0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008I ...DS Type B 0.02to 0.080.500.0200.0300.02min ...0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008I ...DDS F ,G 0.060.500.0200.0250.01min ...0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008I ...EDDS K0.020.400.0200.0200.01min...0.100.100.150.030.0080.100.15...A Where an ellipsis (...)appears in the table,there is no requirement,but the analysis result shall be reported.BThe sum of copper,nickel,chromium,and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.50%on heat analysis.When one or more of these elements is specified by the purchaser,the sum does not apply,in which case only the individual limits on the remaining elements shall apply.CChromium is permitted,at the producer’s option,to 0.25%maximum when the carbon content is less than or equal to 0.05%.In such case the limit on the sum of the four elements in Footnote B does not apply.DWhen an aluminum deoxidized steel is required for the application,Commercial Steel (CS)may be ordered to a minimum of 0.01%total aluminum.ESpecify Type B to avoid carbon levels below 0.02%.FMay be furnished as a vacuum degassed or chemically stabilized steel,or both,at the producer’s option.GFor carbon levels less than or equal to 0.02%,columbium or titanium,or both,may be used as stabilizing elements at the producer’s option.In such cases,the applicable limit for columbium shall be 0.10%max.and the limit on titanium shall be 0.15%max.HWhen copper steel is specified,the copper limit is a minimum requirement.When copper steel is not specified,the copper limit is a maximum requirement.IExcept for EDDS,titanium is permitted,at producer’s option,to 0.025%provided the ratio of %titanium to %nitrogen does not exceed 3.4.JDS Type A may be furnished as a vacuum degassed steel,at the producers option.KShall be furnished as a vacuum degassed and stabilizedsteel.0.02%,the analysis may be reported as <0.02%.When the amount of vanadium,columbium,or titanium is less than 0.008%,the analysis may be reported as <0.008%.7.3Sheet steel grades defined by this specification are suitable for welding if appropriate welding conditions are selected.For certain welding processes,more restrictive com-position limits may be desirable and should be requested at the time of inquiry and ordering.8.Mechanical Properties8.1CS,DS,DDS,and EDDS :8.1.1Typical nonmandatory mechanical properties for CS,DS,DDS and EDDS are shown in Table 3.8.1.2The material shall be capable of being bent,at room temperature,in any direction through 180°flat on itself without cracking on the outside of the bent portion (see Section 14of Test Methods and Definitions A 370).8.1.3Sheet of these designations except for EDDS may be subject to aging dependent upon processing factors such as the method of annealing (continuous annealing or box annealing),and chemical composition.For additional information on aging,see Appendix X1of Specification A 568/A 568M.8.1.4EDDS steel is stabilized to be nonaging and so is not subject to stretcher strains and fluting.Other steels may be processed to be nonaging;please consult your supplier.TABLE 2Chemical Composition AFor Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-F%Heat Analysis,Element Maximum unless otherwise shownDesignationC Mn PS Al Si Cu B ,C Ni B Cr BMo B V Cb N SS:Grade 25[170]0.200.600.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.008...Grade 30[205]0.200.600.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.008...Grade 33[230]Type 10.200.600.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.008...Grade 33[230]Type 20.150.600.200.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.008...Grade 40[275]Type 10.200.900.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.008...Grade 40[275]Type 20.150.600.200.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.008...Grade80[550]0.200.600.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.008...HSLAS:DGrade 45[310]Class 10.22 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min ...Grade 45[310]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min ...Grade 50[340]Class 10.23 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min ...Grade 50[340]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min ...Grade 55[380]Class 10.25 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min ...Grade 55[380]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min ...Grade 60[410]Class 10.26 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min ...Grade 60[410]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min 0.020Grade 65[450]Class 10.26 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min 0.012Grade 65[450]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min 0.020Grade 70[780]Class 10.26 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min 0.012Grade 70[780]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.01min 0.005min 0.020HSLAS-F:EGrade 50[340],60[410],70[480],and 80[550]0.15 1.650.0200.025......0.200.200.150.06.........A Where an ellipsis (...)appears in the table,there is no requirement but,the analysis shall be reported.BThe sum of copper,nickel,chromium,and molybdenum shall not exceed 0.50%.When one or more of these elements are specified by the purchaser,the sum does not apply,in which case,only the individual limits on the remaining unspecified elements will apply.CWhen copper is specified,the copper limit is a minimum requirement.When copper steel is not specified,the copper limit is a maximum requirement.DFor HSLAS steels,columbium and vanadium may be added singly or in combination.EThese steels shall also contain one or more of the following elements:Vanadium,Titanium,and Columbium.Other alloying elements may be present,but are not required.TABLE 3Typical Ranges of Mechanical Properties A(Nonmandatory)BFor Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations CS,DS,DDS and EDDSDesignationYield Strength CElongation in 2in.[50mm]%Cr m Value D n -Value EksiMPaCS Types A,B,and C 20to 40[140to 275]$30F FDS Types A and B 22to 35[150to 240]$36 1.3to 1.70.17to 0.22DDS 17to 29[115to 200]$38 1.4to 1.80.20to 0.25EDDS15to 25[105to 170]$401.7to2.10.23to 0.27AThese typical mechanical properties apply to the full range of steel sheet thicknesses.The yield strength tends to increase,the elongation decreases and some of the formability values tend to decrease as the sheet thickness decreases.BThe typical mechanical property values presented here are nonmandatory.They are provided to assist the purchaser in specifying a suitable steel for a given application.Values outside of these ranges are to be expected.CYield Strength and elongation are measured in the longitudinal direction in accordance with Test Methods A 370.DAverage plastic strain ratio (r m value)as determined by Test Method E 517.EThe strain hardening exponent (n-value)as determined by Test Method E 646.FNo typical properties have beenestablished.8.2SS,HSLAS and HSLAS-F :8.2.1The available strength grades for SS,HSLAS and HSLAS-F are shown in Table 4.8.2.2Tension Tests :8.2.2.1Requirements —Material as represented by the test specimen shall conform to the mechanical property require-ments specified in Table 4.These requirements do not apply to the uncropped ends of unprecessed coils.8.2.2.2Number of Tests —Two tension tests shall be made from each heat or from each 50tons [45000kg].When the amount of finished material from a heat is less than 50tons [145000kg],one test shall be made.When material rolled from heat differs 0.050in.[1.27mm]or more in thickness,one tension test shall be made from the thickest and thinnest matereial regardless of the weight represented.8.2.2.3Tension test specimens shall be taken at a point immediately adjacent to the material to be qualified.8.2.2.4Tension test specimens shall be taken from the full thickness of the sheet.8.2.2.5Tension test specimens shall be taken from a loca-tion approximately halfway between the center of the sheet and the edge of the material as rolled.8.2.2.6Tension test samples shall be taken with the length-wise axis of the test specimen parallel to the rolling direction (longitudinal test).8.2.2.7Test Method —Yield strength shall be determined by either the 0.2%offset method or the 0.5%extension under load method unless otherwise specified.8.2.3Bending Properties :8.2.3.1The suggested minimum inside radii for cold bend-ing are listed in Appendix X1and is discussed in more detail in Specification A 568/A 568M (Section 6).Where a tighter bend radius is required,where curved or offset bends are involved,or where stretching or drawing are also a consider-ation,the producer should be consulted.9.Finish and Appearance 9.1Surface Finish :9.1.1Unless otherwise specified,the sheet shall have a matte finish.When required,a controlled surface texture and condition may be specified.For additional information see “Finish and Condition”sec-tion of Specification A 568/A 568M.9.2Oiling :9.2.1Unless otherwise specified,the sheet shall be oiled.9.2.2When required,the sheet may be specified to be furnished not oiled (dry).10.Retests and Resamples10.1Retests —If the results on an original tension test specimen are within 2ksi [14MPa]of the required tensile strength,within 1ksi [7MPa]of the required yield point,or within two percentage points of the required elongation,a retest shall be permitted for which one test specimen selected at random shall be tested.If the results of this retest specimen satisfy the specified mechanical properties and all other re-quirements of the applicable specification are satisfied,the material shall be accepted.Retests are permitted in accordanceTABLE 4Mechanical Property Requirements AFor Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-FDesignationYield Strength,minTensile Strength,minElongation in 2in.or 50mm,min,%ksi[MPa]ksi [MPa]SS:Grade 25[170]25[170]42[290]26Grade 30[205]30[205]45[310]24Grade 33[230]Types 1and 233[230]48[330]22Grade 40[275]Types 1and 240[275]52[360]20Grade 80[550]80B[550]82[565]CHSLAS:Grade 45[310]Class 145[310]60[410]22Grade 45[310]Class 245[310]55[380]22Grade 50[340]Class 150[340]65[450]20Grade 50[340]Class 250[340]60[410]20Grade 55[380]Class 155[380]70[480]18Grade 55[380]Class 255[380]65[450]18Grade 60[410]Class 160[410]75[520]16Grade 60[410]Class 260[410]70[480]16Grade 65[450]Class 165[450]80[550]15Grade 65[450]Class 265[450]75[520]15Grade 70[480]Class 170[480]85[585]14Grade 70[480]Class 270[480]80[550]14HSLAS-F:Grade 50[340]50[340]60[410]22Grade 60[410]60[410]70[480]18Grade 70[480]70[480]80[550]16Grade 80[550]80[550]90[620]14A For coil products,testing by the producer is limited to the end of the coil.Mechanical properties throughout the coil shall comply with the minimum values specified.BOn this full-hard product,the yield strength approaches the tensile strength and since there is no halt in the gage or drop in the beam,the yield point shall be taken as the yield stress at 0.5%extension under load.CThere is no requirement for elongation in 2in.for SS Grade80.with Specification A568/A568M.10.2Resamples—Resamples are permitted in accordance with Specification A568/A568M.11.Certification11.1A report of heat analysis shall be supplied,if requested, for CS,DS,DDS,and EDDS steels.For material with required mechanical properties,SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-F,a report is required of heat analysis and mechanical properties as deter-mined by the tension test.11.2The report shall include the purchase order number,the ASTM designation number and year date,product designation, grade,type or class,as applicable,the heat number,and as required,heat analysis and mechanical properties as indicated by the tension test.11.3A signature is not required on the test report.However, the document shall clearly identify the organization submitting the report.Notwithstanding the absence of a signature,the organization submitting the report is responsible for the content of the report.11.4A Material Test Report,Certificate of Inspection,or similar document printed from or used in electronic form from an electronic data interchange(EDI)transmission shall be regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility.The content of the EDI transmitted document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s)and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-tween the purchaser and the supplier.Notwithstanding the absence of a signature,the organization submitting the EDI transmission is responsible for the content of the report. 12.Product Marking12.1In addition to the requirements of Specification A568/ A568M,each lift or coil shall be marked with the designation shown on the order{CS(Type A,B,or C),DS(Type A or B), DDS,EDDS,SS,HSLAS,or HSLAS-F}.The designation shall be legibly stenciled on the top of each lift or shown on a tag attached to each coil or shipping unit.13.Keywords13.1carbon steel sheet;cold-rolled steel sheet;steel sheet; commercial steel;drawing steel;deep drawing steel;extra deep drawing steel;high-strength low-alloy steel;high-strength low-alloy steel with improved formability;structural steelSUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTSFOR COLD ROLLED HSLAS STEEL SHEETThe following supplementary requirements shall apply when specified in the order or contract:S1.ElementsS1.1When a purchaser prefers to designate the specific elements(columbium,vanadium,nitrogen,or combinations thereof),one of the types listed below shall be specified.The type,in addition to the grade,must be shown on the order:Type1—ColumbiumType2—VanadiumType3—Columbium and VanadiumType4—Vanadium and NitrogenS1.2The composition limits of Section7shall apply for any of theseelements.APPENDIX(Nonmandatory Information)X1.BENDING PROPERTIESTABLE X1.1Suggested Minimum Inside Radius for Cold Bending N OTE1—(t)Equals a radius equivalent to the steel thickness.N OTE2—The suggested radius should be used as a minimum for90°bends in actual shop practiceN OTE3—Material which does not perform satisfactorily,when fabri-cated in accordance with the requirements,may be subject to rejection pending negotiation with the steel supplier.Product Grade Minimum Inside Radius forCold BendingStructural Steel25[170]1⁄2t30[205]1t33[230]11⁄2t40[275]2t80[550]not applicableHigh-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Class1Class245[310]11⁄2t11⁄2t50[340]2t11⁄2t55[380]2t2t60[410]21⁄2t2t65[450]3t21⁄2t70[480]31⁄2t3t High-Strength Low-Alloy Steelwith Improved Formability50[340]1t60[410]11⁄2t70[480]2t80[550]2tThe American Society for Testing and Materials takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the risk of infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you should make your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States. Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the above address or at 610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。
ASTM A1008A1008M-04
Designation:A 1008/A 1008M –04bStandard Specification forSteel,Sheet,Cold-Rolled,Carbon,Structural,High-Strength Low-Alloy and High-Strength Low-Alloy with Improved Formability 1This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 1008/A 1008M;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon (e )indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.1.Scope*1.1This specification covers cold-rolled,carbon,structural,high-strength low-alloy,and high-strength low-alloy with im-proved formability steel sheet,in coils and cut lengths.1.2Cold rolled steel sheet is available in the designations as listed in 4.1.1.3This specification does not apply to steel strip as described in Specification A 109/A 109M.1.4The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,the SI units are shown in brackets.The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents;therefore,each system must be used independently of the other.2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards:2A 109/A 109M Specification for Steel,Strip,Carbon (0.25Maximum Percent),Cold RolledA 366/A 366M Specification for Commercial Steel (CS),Sheet,Carbon (0.15Maximum Percentage),Cold-Rolled 3A 370Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel ProductsA 568/A 568M Specification for Steel,Sheet,Carbon,and High-Strength,Low-Alloy,Hot-Rolled and Cold-Rolled,General Requirements forA 620/A 620M Specification for Drawing Steel (DS),Sheet,Carbon,Cold-Rolled 3A 941Terminology Relating to Steel,Stainless Steel,Re-lated Alloys,and FerroalloysE 18Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness and Rockwell Superficial Hardness of Metallic MaterialsE 517Test Method for Plastic Strain Ratio r for Sheet Metal E 646Test Method for Tensile Strain-Hardening Exponents (n-Values)of Metallic Sheet Materials3.Terminology 3.1Definitions:3.1.1For definitions of other terms used in this specifica-tion,refer to Terminology A 941.3.1.2stabilization —addition of one or more nitride-or carbide-forming elements,or both,such as titanium and columbium,to control the level of the interstitial elements of carbon and nitrogen in the steel.3.1.2.1Discussion —Stabilizing improves formability and increases resistance to aging.3.1.3vacuum degassing —process of refining liquid steel in which the liquid is exposed to a vacuum as part of a special technique for removing impurities or for decarburizing the steel.3.2Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:3.2.1aging —loss of ductility with an increase in hardness,yield strength,and tensile strength that occurs when steel that has been slightly cold worked (such as by temper rolling)is stored for some time.3.2.1.1Discussion —Aging increases the tendency of a steel to exhibit stretcher strains and fluting.4.Classification4.1Cold-rolled steel sheet is available in the following designations:4.1.1Commercial Steel (CS Types A,B,and C),4.1.2Drawing Steel (DS Types A and B),N OTE 1—CS Type B and DS Type B describe the most common product previously included,respectively,in Specifications A 366/A 366M and A 620/A 620M.4.1.3Deep Drawing Steel (DDS),4.1.4Extra Deep Drawing Steel (EDDS),4.1.5Structural Steel (SS grades 25[170],30[205],33[230]Types 1and 2,40[275]Types 1and 2,50[340],60[410],70[480],and 80[550]).1This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A01on Steel,Stainless Steel and Related Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A01.19on Steel Sheet and Strip.Current edition approved July 1,2004.Published July 2004.Originally approved in st previous edition approved in 2004as A 1008/A 1008M –04a.2For referenced ASTM standards,visit the ASTM website,,or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards volume information,refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.3Withdrawn.1*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.Copyright ©ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA 19428-2959,United States.Copyright by ASTM Int'l (all rights reserved);Reproduction authorized per License Agreement with Victoria Boyer (); Mon Mar 14 14:46:51 EST 2005UNCONTROLLED (if printed out)4.1.6High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel(HSLAS,in classes1 and2,in grades45[310],50[340].55[380],60[410],65[450], and70[480]in Classes1and2),and4.1.7High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel with Improved Form-ability(HSLAS-F grades50[340],60[410],70[480],and 80[550]).4.1.7.1HSLAS-F steel has improved formability when compared to HSLAS.The steel is fully deoxidized,made to fine grain practice and includes microalloying elements such as columbium,vanadium,zirconium,etc.The steel shall be treated to achieve inclusion control.4.2When required for HSLAS and HSLAS-F steels,limi-tations on the use of one or more of the microalloy elements shall be specified on the order.4.3Cold-rolled steel sheet is supplied for either exposed or unexposed applications.Within the latter category,cold-rolled sheet is specified either“temper rolled”or“annealed last.”For details on processing,attributes and limitations,and inspection standards,refer to Specification A568/A568M.5.Ordering Information5.1It is the purchaser’s responsibility to specify in the purchase order all ordering information necessary to describe the required material.Examples of such information include, but are not limited to,the following:5.1.1ASTM specification number and year of issue;5.1.2Name of material and designation(cold-rolled steel sheet)(include grade,type,and class,as appropriate,for CS, DS,DDS,EDDS,SS,HSLAS,or HSLAS-F)(see4.1);5.1.2.1When a type is not specified for CS or DS,Type B will be furnished(see4.1);5.1.2.2When a class is not specified for HSLAS,Class1 will be furnished(see4.1);5.1.2.3When a type is not specified for SS33[230]and SS40[275],Type1will be furnished(see4.1);5.1.3Classification(either exposed,unexposed,temper rolled,or annealed last)(see4.3);5.1.4Finish(see9.1);5.1.5Oiled or not oiled,as required(see9.2);5.1.6Dimensions(thickness,thickness tolerance table(see 5.1.6.1),width,and whether cut lengths or coils);5.1.6.1As agreed upon between the purchaser and the producer,material ordered to this specification will be supplied to meet the applicable thickness tolerance table shown in Specification A568/A568M;N OTE2—Not all producers are capable of meeting all the limitations of the thickness tolerance tables in Specification A568/A568M.The pur-chaser should contact the producer regarding possible limitations prior to placing an order.5.1.7Coil size(must include inside diameter,outside diam-eter,and maximum weight);5.1.8Copper bearing steel(if required);5.1.9Quantity;5.1.10Application(part identification and description); 5.1.11Special requirements(if required),and5.1.12A report of heat analysis will be supplied,if re-quested,for CS,DS,DDS,and EDDS.For materials with required mechanical properties,SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-F,a report is required of heat analysis and mechanical properties as determined by the tension test.N OTE3—A typical ordering description is as follows:ASTM A 1008-XX,cold rolled steel sheet,CS Type A,exposed,mattefinish,oiled, 0.035by30in.by coil,ID24in.,OD48in.,max weight15000lbs, thickness tolerance Table18of Specification A568/A568M,100000lb, for part No.4560,Door Panel.or:ASTM A1008M-XX,cold-rolled steel sheet,SS grade275,unexposed, mattefinish,oiled,0.88mm by760mm by2440mm,thickness tolerance Table A1.15of Specification A568/A568M,10000kg,for shelf bracket.6.General Requirements for Delivery6.1Material furnished under this specification shall con-form to the applicable requirements of the current edition of Specification A568/A568M unless otherwise provided herein.7.Chemical Composition7.1The heat analysis of the steel shall conform to the chemical composition requirements of the appropriate desig-nation shown in Table1for CS,DS,DDS,and EDDS and in Table2for SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-F.7.2Each of the elements listed in Table1and Table2shall be included in the report of the heat analysis.When the amount of copper,nickel,chromium,or molybdenum is less than 0.02%,report the analysis as<0.02%or the actual determined value.When the amount of vanadium,columbium,or titanium is less than0.008%,report the analysis as<0.008%or the actual determined value.7.3Sheet steel grades defined by this specification are suitable for welding if appropriate welding conditions are selected.For certain welding processes,if more restrictive composition limits are desirable,they shall be specified at the time of inquiry and confirmed at the time of ordering.8.Mechanical Properties8.1CS,DS,DDS,and EDDS:8.1.1Typical nonmandatory mechanical properties for CS, DS,DDS and EDDS are shown in Table3.8.1.2The material shall be capable of being bent,at room temperature,in any direction through180°flat on itself without cracking on the outside of the bent portion(see Section14of Test Methods and Definitions A370).8.1.3Sheet of these designations except for EDDS are subject to aging dependent upon processing factors such as the method of annealing(continuous annealing or box annealing), and chemical composition.For additional information on aging,see Appendix X1of Specification A568/A568M.8.1.4EDDS steel is stabilized to be nonaging and so is not subject to stretcher strains andfluting.Other steels are pro-cessed to be nonaging;please consult your supplier.8.2SS,HSLAS and HSLAS-F:8.2.1The available strength grades for SS,HSLAS and HSLAS-F are shown in Table4.8.2.2Tension Tests:8.2.2.1Requirements—Material as represented by the test specimen shall conform to the mechanical property require-ments specified in Table4.These requirements do not apply to the uncropped ends of unprocessedcoils.8.2.2.2Number of Tests —Two tension tests shall be made from each heat or from each 50tons [45000kg].When the amount of finished material from a heat is less than 50tons [45000kg],one test shall be made.When material rolled from heat differs 0.050in.[1.27mm]or more in thickness,one tension test shall be made from the thickest and thinnest material regardless of the weight represented.8.2.2.3Tension test specimens shall be taken at a point immediately adjacent to the material to be qualified.8.2.2.4Tension test specimens shall be taken from the full thickness of the sheet.8.2.2.5Tension test specimens shall be taken from a loca-tion approximately halfway between the center of the sheet and the edge of the material as rolled.TABLE 1Chemical Composition AFor Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations CS,DS,DDS,and EDDSComposition,%Heat Analysis(Element Maximum Unless Otherwise Shown Designation C Mn P S Al Si Cu Ni Cr B Mo V Cb Ti N CS Type A C ,D ,E ,F 0.100.600.0300.035......0.20G 0.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...CS Type B C 0.02to 0.150.600.0300.035......0.20G 0.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...CS Type C C ,D ,E ,F 0.080.600.100.035......0.20G 0.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...DS Type A D ,H 0.080.500.0200.0300.01min ...0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...DS Type B 0.02to 0.080.500.0200.0300.02min ...0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...DDS E ,F 0.060.500.0200.0250.01min ...0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...EDDS I0.020.400.0200.0200.01min...0.100.100.150.030.100.100.15...A Where an ellipsis (...)appears in the table,there is no requirement,but the analysis result shall be reported.BChromium is permitted,at the producer’s option,to 0.25%maximum when the carbon content is less than or equal to 0.05%.CWhen an aluminum deoxidized steel is required for the application,it is permissible to order Commercial Steel (CS)to a minimum of 0.01%total aluminum.DSpecify Type B to avoid carbon levels below 0.02%.EIt is permissible to furnish as a vacuum degassed or chemically stabilized steel,or both,at the producer’s option.FFor carbon levels less than or equal to 0.02%,it is permissible to use vanadium,columbium or titanium,or a combination thereof,as stabilizing elements at the producer’s option.In such cases,the applicable limit for vanadium or columbium shall be 0.10%max.and the limit on titanium shall be 0.15%max.GWhen copper steel is specified,the copper limit is a minimum requirement.When copper steel is not specified,the copper limit is a maximum requirement.HIt is permissible to furnish DS Type A as a vacuum degassed steel,at the producers option.IShall be furnished as a vacuum degassed and stabilized steel.TABLE 2Chemical Composition AFor Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-F%Heat Analysis,Element Maximum unless otherwise shownDesignationC Mn P S Al Si Cu B Ni Cr Mo V Cb Ti N SS:Grade 25[170]0.200.600.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade 30[205]0.200.600.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade 33[230]Type 10.200.600.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade 33[230]Type 20.150.600.200.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade 40[275]Type 10.200.900.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade 40[275]Type 20.150.600.200.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade 50[340]0.200.700.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade 60[410]0.200.700.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade 70[480]0.200.700.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...Grade80[550]0.200.600.0350.035......0.200.200.150.060.0080.0080.008...HSLAS:CGrade 45[310]Class 10.22 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min ...Grade 45[310]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min ...Grade 50[340]Class 10.23 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min ...Grade 50[340]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min ...Grade 55[380]Class 10.25 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min ...Grade 55[380]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min ...Grade 60[410]Class 10.26 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min ...Grade 60[410]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min ...Grade 65[450]Class 10.26 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min D Grade 65[450]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min D Grade 70[480]Class 10.26 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.160.005min 0.005min 0.005min D Grade 70[480]Class 20.15 1.650.040.04......0.200.200.150.160.005min 0.005min 0.005minDHSLAS-F:CGrade 50[340]and 60[410]0.15 1.650.0200.025......0.200.200.150.060.005min 0.005min 0.005min D Grade 70[480]and 80[550]0.15 1.650.0200.025......0.200.200.150.160.005min 0.005min 0.005minDA Where an ellipsis (...)appears in the table,there is no requirement but,the analysis shall be reported.BWhen copper is specified,the copper limit is a minimum requirement.When copper steel is not specified,the copper limit is a maximum requirement.CHSLAS and HSLAS-F steels contain the strengthening elements columbium (niobium),vanadium,titanium,and molybdenum added singly or in combination.The minimum requirements only apply to the microalloy elements selected for strengthening of the steel.DThe purchaser has the option of restricting the nitrogen content.It should be noted that,depending on the microalloying scheme (for example,use of vanadium)of the producer,nitrogen may be a deliberate addition.Consideration should be made for the use of nitrogen binding elements (for example,vanadium,titanium).8.2.2.6Tension test samples shall be taken with the length-wise axis of the test specimen parallel to the rolling direction (longitudinal test).8.2.2.7Test Method —Yield strength shall be determined by either the 0.2%offset method or the 0.5%extension under load method unless otherwise specified.8.2.3Bending Properties :8.2.3.1The suggested minimum inside radii for cold bend-ing are listed in Appendix X1and is discussed in more detail in Specification A 568/A 568M (Section 6).Where a tighterbend radius is required,where curved or offset bends are involved,or where stretching or drawing are also a consider-ation,the producer shall be consulted.9.Finish and Appearance 9.1Surface Finish :9.1.1Unless otherwise specified,the sheet shall have a matte finish.When required,specify the appropriate surface texture and condition.For additional information,see the Finish and Condition section of Specification A 568/A 568M.TABLE 3Typical Ranges of Mechanical Properties A(Nonmandatory)BFor Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations CS,DS,DDS and EDDSDesignationYield Strength CElongation in 2in.[50mm]%Cr m Value D n -Value EksiMPaCS Types A,B,and C 20to 40[140to 275]$30F FDS Types A and B 22to 35[150to 240]$36 1.3to 1.70.17to 0.22DDS 17to 29[115to 200]$38 1.4to 1.80.20to 0.25EDDS15to 25[105to 170]$401.7to2.10.23to 0.27AThese typical mechanical properties apply to the full range of steel sheet thicknesses.The yield strength tends to increase,the elongation decreases and some of the formability values tend to decrease as the sheet thickness decreases.BThe typical mechanical property values presented here are nonmandatory.They are provided to assist the purchaser in specifying a suitable steel for a given application.Values outside of these ranges are to be expected.CYield Strength and elongation are measured in the longitudinal direction in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A 370.DAverage plastic strain ratio (r m value)as determined by Test Method E 517.EThe strain hardening exponent (n-value)as determined by Test Method E 646.FNo typical properties have been established.TABLE 4Mechanical Property Requirements AFor Cold Rolled Steel Sheet Designations SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-FDesignationYield Strength,minTensile Strength,minElongation in 2in.or 50mm,min,%ksi[MPa]ksi [MPa]SS:Grade 25[170]25[170]42[290]26Grade 30[205]30[205]45[310]24Grade 33[230]Types 1and 233[230]48[330]22Grade 40[275]Types 1and 240[275]52[360]20Grade 50[340]50[340]65[410]18Grade 60[410]60[410]75[480]12Grade 70[480]70[480]85[540]6Grade 80[550]80B[550]82[565]CHSLAS:Grade 45[310]Class 145[310]60[410]22Grade 45[310]Class 245[310]55[380]22Grade 50[340]Class 150[340]65[450]20Grade 50[340]Class 250[340]60[410]20Grade 55[380]Class 155[380]70[480]18Grade 55[380]Class 255[380]65[450]18Grade 60[410]Class 160[410]75[520]16Grade 60[410]Class 260[410]70[480]16Grade 65[450]Class 165[450]80[550]15Grade 65[450]Class 265[450]75[520]15Grade 70[480]Class 170[480]85[585]14Grade 70[480]Class 270[480]80[550]14HSLAS-F:Grade 50[340]50[340]60[410]22Grade 60[410]60[410]70[480]18Grade 70[480]70[480]80[550]16Grade 80[550]80[550]90[620]14A For coil products,testing by the producer is limited to the end of the coil.Mechanical properties throughout the coil shall comply with the minimum values specified.BOn this full-hard product,the yield strength approaches the tensile strength and since there is no halt in the gage or drop in the beam,the yield point shall be taken as the yield stress at 0.5%extension under load.CThere is no requirement for elongation in 2in.for SS Grade80.For additional information see“Finish and Condition”sec-tion of Specification A568/A568M.9.2Oiling:9.2.1Unless otherwise specified,the sheet shall be oiled.9.2.2When required,specify the sheet to be furnished not oiled(dry).10.Retests and Resamples10.1Retests—If the results on an original tension test specimen are within2ksi[14MPa]of the required tensile strength,within1ksi[7MPa]of the required yield point,or within two percentage points of the required elongation,a retest shall be permitted for which one test specimen selected at random shall be tested.If the results of this retest specimen satisfy the specified mechanical properties and all other re-quirements of the applicable specification are satisfied,the material shall be accepted.Retests are permitted in accordance with Specification A568/A568M.10.2Resamples—Resamples are permitted in accordance with Specification A568/A568M.11.Certification11.1A report of heat analysis shall be supplied,if requested, for CS,DS,DDS,and EDDS steels.For material with required mechanical properties,SS,HSLAS,and HSLAS-F,a report is required of heat analysis and mechanical properties as deter-mined by the tension test.11.2The report shall include the purchase order number,the ASTM designation number and year date,product designation, grade,type or class,as applicable,the heat number,and as required,heat analysis and mechanical properties as indicated by the tension test.11.3A signature is not required on the test report.However, the document shall clearly identify the organization submitting the report.Notwithstanding the absence of a signature,the organization submitting the report is responsible for the content of the report.11.4A Material Test Report,Certificate of Inspection,or similar document printed from or used in electronic form from an electronic data interchange(EDI)transmission shall be regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in the certifier’s facility.The content of the EDI transmitted document must meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM standard(s)and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-tween the purchaser and the supplier.Notwithstanding the absence of a signature,the organization submitting the EDI transmission is responsible for the content of the report. 12.Product Marking12.1In addition to the requirements of Specification A568/ A568M,each lift or coil shall be marked with the designation shown on the order(CS(Type A,B,or C),DS(Type A or B), DDS,EDDS,SS,HSLAS,or HSLAS-F).The designation shall be legibly stenciled on the top of each lift or shown on a tag attached to each coil or shipping unit.13.Keywords13.1carbon steel sheet;cold-rolled steel sheet;steel sheet; commercial steel;drawing steel;deep drawing steel;extra deep drawing steel;high-strength low-alloy steel;high-strength low-alloy steel with improved formability;structuralsteelAPPENDIXES(Nonmandatory Information)X1.BENDING PROPERTIES X2.RELATED ISO STANDARDSThe ISO standards listed below may be reviewed for comparison with this ASTM standard.The relationship be-tween the standards may only be approximate;therefore,the respective standards should be consulted for actual require-ments.Those who use these documents must determine which specifications address their needs.ISO3574Cold-Reduced Carbon Steel Sheet of Commercial and Drawing QualitiesISO4997Cold-Reduced Steel Sheet of Structural Quality ISO13887Cold-Reduced Steel Sheet of Higher Strength with Improved FormabilityTABLE X1.1Suggested Minimum Inside Radius for Cold Bending N OTE1—(t)Equals a radius equivalent to the steel thickness.N OTE2—The suggested radius should be used as a minimum for90°bends in actual shop practiceN OTE3—Material which does not perform satisfactorily,when fabri-cated in accordance with the requirements,may be subject to rejection pending negotiation with the steel supplier.Designation Grade Minimum Inside Radius forCold BendingStructural Steel25[170]1⁄2t30[205]1t33[230]11⁄2t40[275]2t50[340]21⁄2t60[410]3t70[480]4t80[550]not applicableHigh-Strength Low-Alloy Steel Class1Class245[310]11⁄2t11⁄2t50[340]2t11⁄2t55[380]2t2t60[410]21⁄2t2t65[450]3t21⁄2t70[480]31⁄2t3t High-Strength Low-Alloy Steelwith Improved Formability50[340]1t60[410]11⁄2t70[480]2t80[550]2tX3.HARDNESS PROPERTIESSUMMARY OF CHANGESCommittee A01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,A 1008/A 1008M –04a,that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved July 1,2004.)Revisions to Table 1:(1)Deleted old Footnote B.(2)Revised the vanadium limit for EDDS,and included vanadium in Footnote F.(3)Deleted old Footnote I.Revisions to Table 2:(1)Increased the Mo limit to 0.16%for HSLAS Grade 70,Classes 1and 2,and HSLAS-F,Grades 70and 80.(2)Revised the vanadium limit for HSLAS and HSLAS-F.(3)Added limits for titanium.(4)Deleted old Footnote B.(5)Replaced old Footnotes D and F with new Footnote C.Committee A01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,A 1008/A 1008M –04,thatmay impact the use of this standard.(Approved April 1,2004.)(1)The word “carbon”was added to 1.1.TABLE X3.1Typical Hardness ValuesN OTE 1—The hardness values shown are at the time of shipment.N OTE 2—Test for hardness shall be conducted in accordance with the requirements of Test Methods E 18.N OTE 3—The hardness values are Rockwell B scale as measured or converted from the appropriate Rockwell scales.N OTE 4—The typical hardness values apply to the full range of steel sheet thickness.Hardness tends to increase as the steel sheet thickness decreases.N OTE 5—Hardness testing is commonly used to assess the relative formability of various designations of uncoated steel sheet.This assess-ment done by many users is recognized to be only an approximation of the relative formability and therefore cannot be used as a specification requirement.Designation Hardness-Rockwell B ScaleCS Type A 70or less CS Type B 70or less CS Type C 70or less DS Type A 60or less DS Type B 60or less DDS 55or less EDDS45orlessCommittee A01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,A1008/A1008M–03,thatmay impact the use of this standard.(Approved Feb.1,2004.)(1)Revised Sections4.1.5and4.2.(2)Revised Section5.1.11.(3)Deleted S1,Supplementary Requirements.(4)Revised Table2and Table4.(5)Revised Appendix X1.(6)Added Test Methods E18to Referenced Documents.(7)Added Appendix X3.Committee A01has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue,A1008/A1008M–02e1, that may impact the use of this standard.(Approved April10,2003.)(1)Revisions were made to Tables1and2.(2)Revisions were made to the following sections:4.1.7.1,7.2,7.3,8.1.3,8.1.4,8.2.3.1,9.1.1,and9.2.2.ASTM International takes no position respecting the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any item mentioned in this ers of this standard are expressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights,and the riskof infringement of such rights,are entirely their own responsibility.This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed everyfive years and if not revised,either reapproved or withdrawn.Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standardsand should be addressed to ASTM International Headquarters.Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of theresponsible technical committee,which you may attend.If you feel that your comments have not received a fair hearing you shouldmake your views known to the ASTM Committee on Standards,at the address shown below.This standard is copyrighted by ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959, United States.Individual reprints(single or multiple copies)of this standard may be obtained by contacting ASTM at the aboveaddress or at610-832-9585(phone),610-832-9555(fax),or service@(e-mail);or through the ASTM website().。
SAE J403-2009 SAE碳素钢化学成分
修订原理a. 表1——依据1002、1003、1004和1007钢号调查，修订了表中脚注1，添加了脚注2、4和5。
b．表2——依据1515和1521钢号调查，添加、修订了其它元素脚注，因此不需引用表1。
C．表3A——依据11V41钢号调查，添加、修订了其它元素脚注，因此不需引用表1。
d．表3B——添加、修订了其它元素脚注，因此不需引用表1。
e．表6——添加了表1、表3A和表3B中需记录的其它元素。
由于表4和表5不适用于此部分，因此将表4和表5删除。
添加了脚注3。
f．表4和表5——修订标准化学范围和限值(最大值下限)。
1范围1941年，SAE钢铁部与美国钢铁协会（AISI）合作，对SAE钢成分范围表示方法作重大改变。
现在所采用的这种方案大体上依据较窄的熔炼化学分析范围和关于单个试样的一定的成品分析偏差。
该方案代替原先提供的用于SAE钢中，然而没有碳和其它元素的公差的固定范围和界限值。
多年来，钢化学成分的变化已成为钢铁行业关心的问题。
人们认识到在钢的生产中，钢号较少时，会改善交货情况，并为技术、生产操作和质量等方面的提高提供良好的契机，这样可以充分开发这些钢号产品所固有特性的应用。
综合、合理的研究目的在于确定哪一种规定的钢号最为常用和具有这种要求的成分组合的可行性。
通过研究已经选出最常用的钢号并保留其在现行的修订版。
这些钢号的熔炼分析化学成分组成范围或界限值在表1、表2、表3A、表3B中给出，这些熔炼分析化学成分界限值或范围应满足SAE J409中所给出的产品分析标准偏差。
因为AISI不再发布钢级标识，所以本标准中所列的钢级就是SAE钢号。
人们注意到除了前面提及的表中列出的化学成分外，有时，化学成分应满足特殊用途或特殊加工的要求。
当需要此类钢时，用以下三种方式之一来规定有要求的化学成分的元素：（a）最小限定值；（b）最大限定值；（c）最大和最小限定值所限定的范围。
碳钢各元素的标准熔炼分析界限值和范围在表4中给出。