物流英语chapter 7
物流英语(05362)课后词汇 unit 7
Unit 7 Information 第七单元 信息重点词汇inventory 存货清单downstream 下游地，下游的upstream 溯流而上的，上游的margin 边,边沿,边缘TEU 标箱FCL 整箱货LCL 拼箱货Vocabulary 1词汇 1action 行动analyze 分析blindly 盲目地capture 捕获consist 包含crucial 至关紧要的current 当前的downstream 下游地，下游的driver 驱动因素facility 设备，工具hardware 硬件information 通知，消息，信息intel 英特尔公司margin 差数，（时间、金额等的）富余newly 重新，最近新近PC（personal computer) 个人电脑pentium 第五，P-Intel公司生产的CPU芯片，意为“第五代”，中文译为“奔腾” policy 策略recommend 推荐，介绍relating 与之相关的revenue 收入，税收route 路线software 软件technology 工艺，科技，技术upstream 溯流而上的，上游的Vocabulary 2词汇 2acceptable 可以接受的candidate 候选人Charles 查尔斯（男子名）colleague 同事column 纵列，栏concern 涉及，关系到cozy 舒适的enable 使能够engaged 忙碌的，使用中的evaluate 评价，估计FCL=full container load 整箱货frequency 频率handy 手边的，近便的，便于使用的 hypermarket 超大型超市install 安装internet 互联网LCL=less than a container load 拼箱货 log in 登录Malmo （地名）马尔默marvelous 奇异的，了不起的，妙极的 measurement 衡量，测量，尺寸，度量制 pamphlet 小册子password 密码precisely 正好，精确地project 项目revise 修改run 运行sailing 航行Sweden 瑞典TEU/teu=twenty-foot equivalent unit标箱trace 追踪Supplementary Vocabulary补充词汇bar code 条形码budget 预算，做预算，编入预算cellular 细胞的clipboard 有纸夹的笔记板，剪贴板commit 把...提交给，使承担义务cycle 周期，循环cnhance 提高，增强furniture 家具，设备ground-based 陆基的handheld unit 手提计算机laser 激光mainframe 主机，大型机notification 通知，布告，告示prior (to) 在前，居先proficient 精通scanner 扫描器，扫描仪schedule 时间表，进度表signature 签名，署名toll 通行税（费）译为“奔腾”。
物流学英文版最新版教学课件第7章
Order Management (2 of 10)
• Four stages of the order cycle include: ▪ Order transmittal ▪ Order processing ▪ Order picking and assembly ▪ Order delivery
Contemporary Logistics
Twelfth Edition
Chapter 7
Demand Management, Order Management, and Customer Service
Learning Objectives
7.1 To understand the linkages between demand management, order management, and customer service
Last month
250
.25
Two months ago
230
.25
Three months ago
200
.25
Four months ago
180
.25
Forecast
Projected Demand (4; = 2 × 3)
Weighted Moving Average Weiger Management (7 of 10)
• Order picking and assembly ▪ Often represents the best opportunity to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of an order cycle ▪ Can account for up to two-thirds of a facility’s operating cost and time
《物流英语》课件 Unit 7 Third-party Logistics
➢Introduction to Third-party Logistics ➢How to Select 3PL Providers
【Lead-in】
The third-party logistics (3PL) can provide professional logistics services for companies. The first text in this unit mainly discusses the definition and advantages of 3PL. Text Two explains two types of 3PL providers: asset and non-asset based 3PL providers, and then it also deals with how to select the suitable 3PL providers for companies.
2. The 3PL providers act as the bridge between the first party and the second party.
3. 3PL providers are under pressure to keep costs low while expanding services.
fleet /fli:t/ n. 船队；车队 insurance /inˈʃuərəns/ n. 保险；保险费 depreciation /diˌpri:ʃiˈeiʃən/ n. 折旧；贬值 combination /ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən/ n. 结合，联合 liability /ˌlaiəˈbiliti/ n. 责任 predict /priˈdikt/ vt. 预言，预测，预告 reputable /ˈrepjutəbəl/ adj. 名誉好的，有声望的 customize /ˈkʌstəmaiz/ vt. 定制
物流英语(第一篇第七单元)[22页]
![物流英语(第一篇第七单元)[22页]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/f4a0cfc56c175f0e7dd13704.png)
more commonly implemented systems are used to
support transportation management, warehouse
management, and operations planning and scheduling.
Regardless of their intended function, it is generally
accurate information to decision makers”. A variety of LIS
has been designed and implemented for different
logistics activities and strategic purposes. Some of the
Unit Seven Logistics Information System
Pre-reading questions:
1. What is logistics information system? 2. What are the functions of industrial logistics information
All the flows of physical goods, people and material are triggered by ICT. The whole logistics and supply chain process is kept moving by the supply of information and communication.
ICT, short for “information and communication technology”, is the use of electronic processing media for the collection, analysis and evaluation of data, and the transfer of information from one point to another.
物流专业英语Unit_Seven
Introduction
❖ 1One of the most significant changes of modern business management is that individual businesses no longer compete as sole entities, but rather as supply chains. Business management has entered the era of internet work competition. Instead of brand versus brand or store versus store, it is now suppliers-brand-store versus suppliers brand store, or supply chain versus supply chain. In this competitive environment, the final success of the single business will depend on management’s ability to integrate the company’s network of business relationships. (Christopher, 1998)
❖ is typically an organization that buys from producers and sells to consumers. In addition to product promotion and sales, other functions the distributor performs are inventory management, warehouse operation, product transportation as well as customer support and post-sales service.
物流英语unit 7 Logistics Simulation-The Beer Game
Consumer demand 3 cases 6 .. 5 .. 5 .. 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 2
3 1 5 5 5 .. 3
After the game
• Discussion 1
– Did you feel yourself controlled or in control? – Did you find yourself "blaming" the groups
ship beer directly from the factory to the retailer? – Must the brewer be concerned with the management
of the raw materials suppliers?
• Discussion 3
– Present data and figures derived from the game play and introduce “cumulated supply chain cost”
Factory deli very (F)
Ending inven tory （I）
Order on fact ory (J)
Profit (K)
36
1．C(t) = A(t) - B(t) 2．H(t）= H(t-1) + G(t) 3．D(t）=D(t-1) +C(t) 4．E(t) = I (t-1) 5．I(t) = E(t) + F(t) - B(t) 6．K(t) = B(t) * 5－ D（t）* 2－ I(t) * 1 7．The wholesaler sends orders to 3 retailers at the beginning of the first week and the orders arrive at the retailers at the beginning of the third week.
物流英语chapter_7
Text 1 Supply Chain Management
3．Reduces the lead time gap. 减少订货至交货的时间间隔。
Text 1 Supply Chain Management
4．Working together, supply chain planners/managers and all members of the front, middle and back end of the supply chain may enhance revenue, cost control, and asset utilization as well as customer satisfaction. 通过协同的工作，供应链的计划者或 管理者以及供应链的前端、中间和后端的 所有成员都能在满足顾客需要的同时增加 收入、增强成本的控制并且得到资产的有
Text 1 Supply Chain Management
The integrated value-creation process must be managed from material procurement to end-customer product delivery. The integrated supply chain management shifts traditional channel arrangements from loosely linked groups of independent businesses that buy and sell inventory to each other toward a coordinated initiative to increase market impact, overall efficiency, continuous
物流英语Unit 7
Unit 7 Information 信息
一.先行词表示人：关系代词有who whom whose that 1.关系代词在从句中充当主语:who that He who laughs last laughs best. He is the person who/that is going to give a concert on the century square. They are the people who/that are going to give a concert on the century square. 2.关系代词在从句中充当宾语:who whom that He is the young scientist (who/whom/that) I referred to just now. He is the young scientist to whom I referred just now. 3.关系代词在从句中充当定语:whose I have never met a girl whose figure is so beautiful. The boys whose names were called stood up.
第七单元 信息 UNIT7 Information
Ⅷ. Translate the following sentences into English. 1.在我们公司信息至关重要。 In our company, information is of critical importance. 2.我们公司有一个十分完善的客户服务信息系统。 Our company has a perfect customer service information system. 3.通过在集装箱上油漆条形码和在各集装箱码头安装激光扫 描仪﹐我们现在能够对集装箱进行实时的跟踪。 We can now perform real time tracking of containers with bar codes painted on them and laser scanners installed in container terminals. 4.一个信息系统通常包括硬件和软件。 An information system generally consists of hardware and software.
物流英语Unit Seven Customer Service
Part I Eight Rules for Good Customer Service
The Definition of Customer Service
Customer service is normally defined as the service provided to the customer from the time the order is placed till the order is delivered. In fact, it is much more than this. It contains every aspect of the relationship between the manufacturer, supplier and customer. Under this definition it includes price, product range on offer, after-sales service, product availability, in other words, the total activity of servicing the customer.
The Role of Customer Service • A customer can not be satisfied unless he obtains an on-time and accurate delivery which can only be provided by perfect logistics system. Customer service is thus considered as the output of logistics system.
Two Elements of Customer Service
物流英语 第七章
• they possess are on their showroom floors. Once they make a sale, they notify the • public warehouse, which delivers a unit directly to the buyer's residence from the • warehouse stock. The warehouse notifies the factory of the sale, and the factory replenishes the warehouse's stock. In this instance, the stock in the inventory in the warehouse belongs to the manufacturer, a factory distributor, or an area-wide dealer. warehouse performs functions that would otherwise have to be performed by the owner of the inventory; the principal advantage is that dealers do not have to maintain large inventories[2].
• Private Warehouses • Private warehouses are owned or occupied on a long-term lease by the firm using them. They are used by firms who find that their warehouse needs are so stable that they can make longterm commitments to fixed facilities. (Private warehouse operation also requires commitment to a warehouse labor force.) The largest users of • private warehouses are retail chain stores. They handle large volumes of merchandise • on a regular basis, and one of their resulting economies of scale comes from integrating the warehousing function with purchasing and distribution to retail outlets.
物流专业英语Unit_Seven
❖ 5Suppliers:They are organizations that provide goods and/or services to a purchasing organization (a manufacturer or a distributor).
❖ 6Manufacturers (producers):They are the companies that make a product. This includes companies that are producers of raw materials and companies that are producers of finished goods. Producers can also create products that are intangible items such as music, entertainment, software and design.
Supply Chain Participants
❖ 4In fact, the participants of a supply chain include all companies or organizations with whom the focal company has business relationship directly or indirectly through its suppliers or end users. In any given supply chain, there is some combination of companies who perform different functions. There are companies that are suppliers, manufacturers, distributors or wholesalers, retailers, and companies or individuals who are the customers, or the final consumers of a product. What’s more, there will be other companies that are service providers that provide a range of needed services. However, the basic participants of a supply chain can be summarized as:
《物流实务英语》(英汉双语)
Summary 本章小结
The chapter focuses on the concept of supply chain and supply chain management. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating to serve the needs of end-customers. Supply chain consists of firms collaborating to take advantage of strategic position and to improve operating efficiency.
True or False 判断对错
1.There are a variety of definition about the term "logistics", each have slightly different meaning.
2. Logistics involves the flow and storage of "goods, services, and related information".
5. Good customer service is to make sure that the right person receive the right product with the right quantity at the right place at the right time in the right condition, even the cost is very high.
墨菲物流学英文版第12版课后习题答案第7章
PART IIANSWERS TO END-OF-CHAPTER QUESTIONSCHAPTER 7: DEMAND MANAGEMENT, ORDER MANAGEMENT, AND CUSTOMER SERVICE7-1. What is the relationship between demand management, order management, and customer service?There is a key link between order management and demand forecasting in that a firm does not simply wait for orders to arrive in order to learn what is happening. Forecasts are made of sales and of the inventories that must be stocked so that the firm can fill orders in a satisfactory manner. There is also a key link between order management and customer service because many organizations analyze customer service standards in terms of the four stages of the order cycle.7-2. Discuss the three basic demand forecasting models.Judgmental forecasting involves using judgment or intuition and is preferred in situations where there is limited or no historical data, such as with a new product introduction. Judgmental forecasting techniques include surveys and the analog technique. An underlying assumption of time-series forecasting is that future demand is solely dependent on past demand. Time-series forecasting techniques include simple moving averages and weighted moving averages. Cause and effect forecasting assumes that one or more factors are related to demand and that the relationship between cause and effect can be used to estimate future demand. Simple regression and multiple regression are examples of cause and effect forecasting.7-3. Discuss several demand forecasting issues.Demand forecasting issues include the situation at hand, forecasting costs in terms of time and money, and the accuracy of various forecasting techniques. With respect to the situation at hand, judgmental forecasting is appropriate when there is little or no historical data. As for time and money, survey research, for example, can cost a great deal of money and/or take a great deal of time depending on the media. Forecasting accuracy refers to the relationship between actual and forecasted demand. Accurate forecasts have allowed some companies to reduce finished goods inventory; one company, for example, had to carry nearly twice as much inventory as actually needed because of inaccurate demand forecasts.7-4. Define and describe the order cycle. Why is it considered an important aspect of customer service?The order cycle is the elapsed time from when a customer places an order until the customer receives the order. It is an important aspect of customer service in part because the order cycle is frequently used to determine the parameters of customer service goals and objectives. The order cycle is also being used by some firms as a competitive weapon (generally, the shorter the better), and technological advances now make it extremely easy (and fast) for customers to determine the exact status of their order(s).7-5. What are some causes of order cycle variability? What are the consequences of order cycle variability?Order cycle variability can occur in each stage of the order cycle. For example, order transmittal by mail sometimes results in the mailed item never reaching its intended destination; variability, in the form of unreliable transit times, can occur during order delivery. One consequence of order cycle variability might be an increase in inventory levels to guard against stockouts. If inventory levels are not increased, then stockouts could occur because of order cycle variability, or a company might be forced to use expedited transportation to make sure orders arrive on time.7-6. List the various methods of order transmittal and discuss relevant characteristics of each.•In person greatly reduces the potential for order errors, but it is not always convenient or practical in situations where the supplier is geographically distant.•Mail is more convenient than ordering in person, but mail is relatively slow and there are occasions when the order never reaches the intended destination.•Telephone is fast and convenient, but order errors may not be detected until the order is delivered.•Fax is fast, convenient, and provides hard copy documentation of an order.However, there is the potential for junk (unwanted) faxes, and the quality oftransmission may be problematic.•Electronic is fast, convenient, and potentially very accurate; the major concern is the security of the data being transmitted.7-7. What are some advantages and disadvantages to checking all orders for completeness and accuracy?It can be argued that all orders, regardless of transmission method, should be checked for completeness and accuracy. Incomplete or inaccurate orders can negatively affect customer satisfaction and increase costs in the sense of addressing order irregularities. However, checking all orders for completeness and accuracy adds costs and time to the order cycle.7-8. Define order triage and explain how it can affect order processing.Order triage refers to classifying orders according to pre-established guidelines so that a company can prioritize how orders should be filled. Companies that choose to do order triage must decide the attribute(s) used to prioritize (e.g., first in, first served; customer longevity). Although there is no one right attribute to use for order prioritization, the chosen attributes are likely to delight some customers and disappoint other customers.7-9. Discuss how the effectiveness and efficiency of order processing can be improved without large expenditures.One suggestion is to analyze order pickers’ travel time, in part because travel time accounts for between 60 and 80 percent of total pick time. One way to reduce travel time involves combining several orders into one larger order so that the order picker can make one pick trip rather than several pick trips. Another low-cost suggestion for improving the effectiveness and efficiency of the pick process is to match the picker to the order being picked. For example, an order consisting of fragile items might be assigned to a picker who exhibits a low percentage of damaged picks.7-10. What is pick-to-light technology, and how can it improve order picking?In pick-to-light technology, orders to be picked are identified by lights placed on shelves or racks. Pick-to-light systems simplify the pick process because the worker simply follows the light from pick to pick, as opposed to the worker having to figure out an optimal picking path. Pick-to-light can yield impressive operational improvements with respect to faster picking of orders and improved order accuracy.7-11. Discuss the order delivery stage of the order cycle.Order delivery refers to the time from when a transportation carrier picks up a shipment until it is received by the carrier. Customers now have increasing power in terms of delivery options, and companies such as UPS and FedEx offer prospective shippers a diverse menu of transit time options. In addition, shippers are emphasizing both elapsed transit time and transit time variability, and some companies are utilizing delivery windows, or the time span within which an order must arrive. Another key delivery change is that the overnight range for truck service has been pushed from 500 miles to between 600 and 700 miles.7-12. How can customer service act as a competitive weapon?Customer service is more difficult for competitors to imitate than other marketing mix variables such as price and promotion. The text cites an example of Nordstrom’s, a high-end retailer that has a long-standing reputation for excellent customer service. Their devotion to excellent customer service leads Nordstrom’s to do things that competitors cannot or will not match.7-13. How are macroenvironmental factors causing organizations and individuals to demand higher levels of customer service?Macroenvironmental changes, such as globalization and advances in technology, are causing organizations and individuals to demand higher levels of customer service. Customer expectations continue to increase over time; if the associated performance (service) levels fail to keep up, then customer dissatisfaction is a likely outcome. In addition, reliable service enables a firm to maintain a lower level of inventory, especially safety stocks, which provides lower inventory holding costs. Finally, the relationships between customers and vendors can become dehumanized and the ability to offer a high level of service, especially on a personal basis, could be quite valuable.7-14. List and discuss the three elements of the dependability dimension of customer service.The three elements are consistent order cycles, safe delivery, and complete delivery. Quite simply, inconsistent order cycles necessitate higher inventory requirements. Safe delivery brings loss and damage considerations into play; a lost or damaged product can cause a variety of negative ramifications for a customer, such as an out-of-stock situation. One way of measuring the completeness of delivery involves the order fill rate or the percentage of orders that can be completely and immediately filled from existing stock; incomplete deliveries generally translate into unhappy customers.7-15. What are some advantages and disadvantages of technological advances designed to facilitate buyer–seller communications?Cell phones, smart phones, and the Internet have certainly helped buyer–seller communications. These technological advances allow for less costly and more frequent contact between the two parties. Having said this, technology such as text messaging and the Internet can depersonalize the communication process, which is why periodic telephone interaction and even face-to-face contact between seller and customer are recommended.7-16. What is customer profitability analysis and how might it be used in logistics? Customer profitability analysis (CPA) refers to the allocation of revenues and costs to customer segments or individual customers to calculate the profitability of the segments or customers. From a resource allocation perspective, an organization should pursue different logistical approaches for different customer groups. With respect to product availability, organizations might provide a substantial volume of product offerings for their best customers, while limiting product selection among less desirable customers.7-17. Define and explain how organizations might engage in benchmarking.Benchmarking refers to a process that continuously identifies, understands, and adapts outstanding processes found inside and outside an organization. Well-run organizations benchmark not only against competitors (where possible) but also against best-in-class organizations. For maximum results, organizations should engage in performance benchmarking, which compares quantitative performance (e.g., fill rate performance), as well as process benchmarking, which is qualitative in nature and compares specific processes (e.g., how organizations achieve their fill rates).7-18. How do characteristics such as substitutability and product life cycle stage influence the development of customer service goals and objectives?If a firm has a near monopoly on an important product (i.e., few substitutes are available), a high level of customer service is not required because a customer who needs the product will buy it under any reasonable customer service standard. As for stage in the PLC, a product just being introduced needs a different kind of service support than one that is in a mature or declining market stage. When introducing a new product, companies want to make sure that there is sufficient supply of it to meet potential customer demand, and so companies might use expedited transportation to protect against out-of-stock situations.7-19. Describe some of the key issues associated with measuring customer service.Ideally, an organization might want to collect measurement data from internal (e.g., credit memos) and external sources (e.g., actual customers). Another key issue associated with customer service measurement is determining what factors to measure. In addition, the metrics that are chosen to measure customer service should be relevant and important from the customer’s—and not the service provider’s—perspective.7-20. What is meant by service recovery? How is it relevant to logistics?Service recovery refers to a process for returning a customer to a state of satisfaction after a service or product has failed to live up to expectations. Service failure, the precursor to service recovery, is particularly relevant to the order cycle. Examples of order-related service failures include lost delivery, late delivery, early delivery, damage delivery, and incorrect delivery quantity.PART IIICASE SOLUTIONSCASE 7-1: HANDY ANDY, INC.Question 1: Is this a customer service problem? Why or why not?The text defines customer service as the ability of logistics management to satisfy users in terms of time, dependability, communication, and convenience. While there doesn’t appear to be much of a customer service problem with the product itself (i.e., the compactors seem to perform well), there do seem to be some problems with respect to product-related attributes such as installation and post-sale support, particularly on the part of the licensed retailers. More specifically, the licensed retailers regularly missed delivery windows, which falls into the dependability area of customer service. In addition, some installation personnel didn’t do a very good job of communicating with certain customers.Question 2: It appears that the factory distributors are exploiting the licensed retailers. Yet from what we can tell, Handy Andy in St. Louis has heard no complaints from the licensed retailers. Why would n’t they complain?The smaller dealers might not complain because they are so dependent on the factory distributors for product. Complaining about factory distributors might result in some distributors “punishing” the complaining dealers, perhaps by being slow to process orders, slow to pick and ship orders, and slow to deliver orders.Question 3: What should Han dy Andy’s marketing vice president do? Why?Bixby is faced with multiple issues, namely, distributors exploiting licensed retailers as well as inconsistent performance by the licensed retailers. Can both issues be addressed simultaneously? If not, then Bixby needs to decide which issue to address first. Because organizations can’t exist without customers, it can be argued that Bixby should first work on the inconsistent performance by the licensed retailers. The problem may be more complicated than the text indicates because the dealers and factory distributors likely market other lines of appliances produced by other manufacturers. So the focus may be on the marketing arrangements for all types of appliances, not just Handy Andy compactors.Question 4: In the case is the statement, “The factory distributors in these few cities indicated that they, not Handy Andy, Inc., stood behind the one-year warranty.” Is this a problem for Handy Andy? Why or why not?In today’s business environment, which emphasizes c lear, consistent, and compelling messages from seller to buyer, this might be a problem for Handy Andy. For example, a buyer might be confused (i.e., lack clarity) about whether Handy Andy or the factory distributor is standing behind the product—or are both Handy Andy and the factorydistributor standing behind the product? Alternatively, might a buyer perceive that the factory distributor is offering a service (one-year warranty) that Handy Andy is unwilling or unable to provide (i.e., not compelling)?Question 5: Bixby, Booher, and Ortega recognize that Handy Andy needs a better way to learn about the buyer’s installation experience. One alternative is to add an open-ended question, dealing with the installation experience, to the warranty activation form. Another alternative is to email a brief survey about the installation experience within three to five days of receiving a warranty activation form. Which of these alternatives should Handy Andy choose? Why?There are pros and cons to both alternatives. One advantage to adding an open-ended question to the warranty might be that the one question isn’t likely to keep people from returning the warranty form. One disadvantage is that open-ended questions can be difficult to analyze because someone is needed to classify the responses. One advantage to the brief survey is that Handy Andy might be able to collect more, as well as more uniform, data than with one open-ended question. Alternatively, the email survey isn’t likely to be completed and returned by all potential respondents.Question 6: Discuss the pros and cons of allowing Handy Andy trash compactors to be sold only through licensed retailers (i.e., factory distributors would no longer be able to sell to consumers).An initial issue that might be discussed involves determining the pros and cons from each party’s perspective. For example, the licensed retailers are likely to have a different set of pros and cons than the factory distributors. At minimum, allowing sales only through licensed retailers would likely reduce, if not eliminate, the factory distributors’ exploitation of the retailers—which the retailers should really like. However, allowing sales only through licensed retailers likely will reduce the sales potential of the factory distributors—and what might these distributors do to recover the lost sales? Would some distributors choose to altogether eliminate the Handy Andy brand? If so, how quickly—if at all—would Handy Andy be able to add new factory distributors?Question 7: Is it too late for Handy Andy to attempt service recovery with customers who reported a less-than-satisfactory installation experience? Why or why not?The text defines service recovery as a process for returning a customer to a state of satisfaction after a service or product has failed to live up to expectations, and also indicates that there is no set formula for service recovery. There is no right or wrong answer to Question 7, and answers are likely to reflect a student’s opinion on how far a company should go to satisfy customers who have experienced a service failure of some type. For example, one argument is that Handy Andy might be better off not attempting service recovery in the sense that the c ompany’s efforts might rekindle unpleasant memories for some customers. An alternative argument is that it’s never too late to attempt service recovery—even if it rekindles unpleasant memories—because superior service recovery can result in increased customer loyalty.。
chapter 7物流英语解析
Reefer container
The Reefer container maintains a set temperature and stabilizes the environment within the container to prolong the life of the cargo in the most arduous environments. Temperature-controlled containers keep meat, seafood, dairy products, vegetables, and fruits, as well as photographic film, plants, delicate machine, and pharmaceuticals.
Notes:
1. Containerization is a system of intermodel cargo transport (a term that refers to more than one mode of transport) using standard ISO （ International Organization of Standardization）containers that can be loaded sealed and intact onto container ships, railroad cars and trucks.
Container Standardization
The idea of a standardized container came from former truck freight forwarder Malcolm McLean of US. The system was initially used in US coastal traffic in 1956. The dimensions of containers have been standardized. The term TEU (twenty- feetequivalent-unit) is refer to standard-size container with a length of twenty feet. A container of 40 feet is counted as 2 TEU.
物流专业英语 Chapter Seven Value-added Service
tactical [ˈtæktɪkl] adj. 战术的; 策略上的; 巧妙设 计的; 有谋略的; cold chain logistics 冷链物流 infrastructure [ˈɪnfrəstrʌktʃə(r)] n. 基础设施; 基础 建设; surge [sɜ:dʒ] n. 汹涌; 大浪，波涛;v. 汹涌; 起 大浪，蜂拥而来; eg. Specialists see various reasons for the recent surge in inflation. 专家们认为目前通货膨胀加剧有 多种原因。
Dialogue 1 Problems with Manual Input Interface
Peter: Lee, I got a call from the marketing manager of Sunrise chain drugstores this morning. He complained that part of the quantity and categories of drugs we distributed were not in accord with their orders. Lee: Then, have you checked the documents? Peter: Yes. I compared the related distribution lists and loading lists with their orders, and found some mistakes. Lee: Take the documents to me.
Hale Waihona Puke Allen: Their orders are often placed by email and then input into our order processing system manually by our staff. With the rapid growth of their business volume and chain store number, the demand for our distribution has increased significantly. Therefore, the error rate of our operations is rising along with their development.
物流管理英语Chapter 7教案
Chapter 7 International Logistics教学目的和要求：1、Gain an understanding of the characteristics of international logistics2、Get an overview of components of international logistics management3、Get the basic knowledge of trade terms and international insurance4、Be familiar with various international logistics intermediaries教学重点：1、The characteristics of international logistics2、Components of international logistics management3、Trade terms and international insurance4、Various international logistics intermediaries教学过程：1. New Words and Expressions2. International Trade and International LogisticsThe movement of goods across national boundaries1) Historical Development of International LogisticsInternational logistics evolved into the art and science of determiningeminently concrete aspects of business arrangement, fromtransportation and packaging, to warehousing and inventorymanagement.2) Definition of International LogisticsInternational logistics is the process of planning, implementing andcontrolling the flow and storage of goods, services and informationfrom the point of origin to a point of consumption (revised to between,since there is reverse logistics) located in a different country.International logistics is actually about moving and exchanging goodsacross borders to promote world economic development and optimalallocation of world resources by utilizing international logistics network,facilities and technology based on the principle of international divisionof labors and collaboration and international practices.The ultimate objective is to get the right goods or services to the rightplace located in a different country, at the right time, lowest cost,minimum risk, and in the desired condition, by selecting the best wayand method, while making the greatest contribution to the firm and theworld as a whole.3) Features of International Logisticsa) Difference in environment, higher risksb) Complex ways of transportc) Advanced information systemd) Standardization requirement4) Government’s Interest in International Logisticsa) Economic importanceCost of insurance and transport always accompany import andexport, and they are service imported or exported.b) National defense concernsTransportation gave countries ability to project power domestically,regionally, and globally. It strengthened the economy by promotingtrade that further improved the military powers.c) Government support for its international carriersDeveloping countries use their own carriers as a rate equalizer toavoid being exploited by the more developed countries and keepabreast of transport technology.Cabotage technically does not involve international trade but itshould be mentioned. It is a worldwide practice and it means theeach nation reserves for its own carriers the exclusive rights tocarry domestic traffic.3. Components of International Logistics Management1) International TransportationInternational transportation is eminently more complicated, involvingdifferent modes of transportation, different carriers, different transportation documents, and much greater transit times. Its inherent risks and hazards are also much more significant.•Transport regulationThe purpose of regulation is to ensure that transportation servicesare provided adequately and that users of these services areprotected from excessive prices or unfair practices.•Cargo preferencePreference cargos are the single most important incentive forU.S.-flag operators in the international trade to remain underU.S. registry. The cargo preference laws provide a vital base ofcargo to help offset foreign-flag advantages.•NondiscriminationNondiscrimination is a legal concept designed to protectcompetition and fair business practice. In terms of internationaltransportation, it means two things. A carrier cannot chargedifferent prices for similarly situated shippers, and they cannotrefuse service to any shipper.•CabotageShipping cargo between two points in the same country isknown as cabotage.•Equipment balanceWhen there is the same amount of cargo going in both direction ofa trade lane (trade balance), there will be the same amount ofequipment going in both directions of that trade lane, this is calledequipment balance.2) International Insurancea) The principal perils•Free From Particular Average (F.P.A.)•With Average (W.A.)•All Risksb) Exclusions•Loss or damage caused by the intentional act or fault of the Insured•Loss or damage falling under the liability of the consignor•Loss or damage arising from the inferior quality or shortage of the insured goods prior to the attachment of this insurance •Loss or damage arising from normal loss, inherent vice or nature of the insured goods, loss of market and/or delay intransit and any expenses arising therefrom•Risks and liability covered and excluded by the Ocean Marine Cargo War Risks Clauses and Strike, Riot and CivilCommotion Clauses of this Companyc) Commencement and termination of coverThis insurance attaches from the time the goods hereby insured leave the warehouse or place of storage named in the Policy for the commencement of the transit and continues in force in the ordinary course of transit including sea, land and inland waterway transits and transit in lighter until the insured goods are delivered to the consignee’s final warehouse or place of storage at the destination named in the Policy or to any other place used by the Insured for allocation or distribution of the goods or for storage other than in the ordinary course of transit.d) Duty of the insuredIt is the duty of the Insured to attend to all matters as specified hereunder, failing which the Company reserves the right to reject his claim for any loss if and when such failure prejudice the rights of the Company.•The Insured shall take delivery of the insured goods in good time upon their arrival at the port of destination named in thePolicy. In the event of any damage to the goods, the Insuredshall immediately apply for survey to the survey and/or settlingagent stipulated in the Policy. If the insured goods are foundshort in entire package or packages or to show apparenttraces of damage, the Insured shall obtain from the carrier,bailee or other relevant authorities certificate of loss ordamage and/or shorthanded memo. Should the carrier, baileeor the other relevant authorities be responsible for suchshortage or damage, the Insured shall lodge a claim with themin writing and, if necessary, obtain their confirmation of anextension of the time limit of validity of such claim.•The Insured shall, and the Company may also, take reasonable measures immediately in salvaging the goods orprevention or minimizing a loss or damage thereto. Themeasures so taken by the Insured or by the Company shall notthe considered respectively, as a waiver of abandonmenthereunder, or as an acceptance thereof.•In case of a change of voyage or any omission or error in the description of the interest, the name of the vessel or voyage,this insurance shall remain in force only upon prompt notice tothis company when the Insured becomes aware of the sameand payment of an additional premium if required•The following documents should accompany any claim hereunder made against this Company:Original Policy, Bill of Lading, Invoice, Packing List, Tally Sheet,Weigh Memo, Certificate of Loss or Damage and/or ShortlandMemo, Survey Report, Statement of ClaimIf any third party is involved, documents relative to pursuing ofrecovery from such party should also be included.•Immediate notice should be given to the Company when the Cargo Owner’s actual responsibility under the contract ofaffreightment “Both to Blame Collision”clause becomesknown.e) The time of validity of a claimThe time of validity of a claim under this insurance shall not exceeda period of two years counting from the time of completion ofdischarge of the insured goods from the seagoing vessel at thefinal port of discharge.3) Packaging4) Terms of PaymentInternational means of payment are more involved, with the risks of nonpayment and currency fluctuation calling for specific strategies that are never used in domestic transactions.Non-payment risk is higher in international transactions for:•less credit information is available•lack of personal contact: no way to evaluate the character of the importer•collections are difficult and expensive•no easy legal recourse: there is no court with jurisdiction over international disputes•mistrusta) Cash in AdvanceIn a Cash in Advance transaction, the exporter requests that the customer provide payment in advance, before the shipment of the goods can take place. Payment is usually made with an electronic SWIFT fund transfer from the customer’s bank to the exporter’s bank.•Buyers in an area of instability•Buyer has bad credit•Exchange rate control•Goods are made to order•Buyer’s marketb) Open accountThe exporter just sends an invoice to the importer along with the shipment and trusts the customer to pay within a reasonable amount of time. Just opposite to Cash in Advance.c) Documentary collectionIt is a process by which an exporter asks a bank to “safeguard” its interests in the foreign country by not releasing the documents (B/L) until the importer satisfies certain requirements, most often paying the exporter (D/P) or signing a financial document (a draft) promising that it will pay the exporter within a given amount of time (acceptance) (D/A).d) Letters of creditA L/C is a conditional payment commitment of the bank in additionto commercial credit that it will pay the “beneficiary”upon the presentation of certain documents.•The exporter and the importer agree on a sale under “Letter of Credit” terms.•The importer/buyer applies for an LC from bank.•The importer’s bank (issuing bank) issues a LC and sends it to the exporter’s bank (notification bank)•The Notification bank notifies the exporter that an L/C was issued, and it is OK to ship the goods to the importer. Thenotification bank should check a number of things: L/C isdrawn on a legitimate bank, content meets requirement,irrevocable L/C.•The exporter ships the goods and gives documents to Notification bank.•The Notification bank checks that the documents match the requirements of the LC, and sends them to the Issuing bank.Issuing bank verifies that the documents match therequirements of the LC and notifies the importer thateverything is in order.•The issuing bank pays seller and buyer pays issuing bank. 5) Trade Terms•EXW•FCA•FAS•FOB•CFR•CIF•CPT•CIP•DES•DEQ•DAF•DDU•DDP6) Customs and Customs Clearancea) What does Customs do•National security is a broad area that refers mostly to military threats.•Revenue collection by customs is the source of funds for the country.•Managed trade and competitiveness refer to policies to promote the nation’s economy.•Gray making importing, also known as parallel importing, refers to the practice of importing a product contrary to thewishes of the producer, who normally has their officialdistributor.•Protecting national interests is the catchall for any goal the nation wishes to pursue.b) How does Customs operateEntry restriction-certain products may be completely restrictedfrom entry, or only under certain conditions.Rates-duties vary dramatically. Most are simply a nominal tax,while other are intended to discourage imports of a certain product.Information-Customs requires that certain information be providedon imports and exports. Government data on economic trends iscollected this way. Another reason for submitting information is tocontrol the import/export of some products.7) Inventory ManagementMajor international inventory issues are longer performance cycle,more in-transit inventory, border crossings, more complex locationdecisions, more shrinkage and more safety stock.4. International Logistics Infrastructure1) Free Trade ZoneA Free Trade Zone is, for Customs purposes, still “outside”of thecountry; goods can be shipped to the FTZ without being subject to dutyand quotations. Once in the FTZ, the goods can be transformed,assembled, repackaged, and so on. If the goods are re-exported, theynever pay duty in the host country in which the FTZ is located; if theyare sold in the host country, it is only after leaving the FTZ that theyhave to pay duty.The main reasons for using FTZ•Delay tariff•Avoid tariffs before shipment•Processing•Correct mistakes•SellMerchandise in a FTZ may be stored, repackaged, repaired, tested,relabeled, displayed as well as manufactured, assembled, salvagedand destroyed.2) PortsA port is the intersection of different modes of transport.Factors that influence the competitiveness of ports:•Location in relation to markets•Location in relation to its competitors•Inland connections•Infrastructure and technology•Accessibility to the trade lane•ManagementMost ports are run by a commission assigned by a local or regionalgovernment, called port authority.Types of port authorities:•Landlord port: the landlord port is one in which the port owns and manages infrastructure, and private parties mange everythingelse.•Tool port: the port also owns the superstructures, but private parties rent assets through concessions or licenses.•Service port: the service port is where the port has completed ownership and management.•Privately owned port5. International Logistics Intermediaries and Logistics AlliancesIntermediaries refer to many companies or individuals that facilitate trade.Some of them work for shippers, some for carriers, and some for consignees. Sometimes these arrangements become more elaborate, such as alliances.1) Main International Logistics Intermediaries/FacilitatorsInternational Logistics Intermediaries function as third-party logistics providers, firms that provide outsourced or “third party”logistics services to companies for part, or sometimes all of their supply chain management functions. Third party logistics providers typically specialize in integrated operation, warehousing and transportation services that can be scaled and customized to customer’s needs based on market conditions and the demands and delivery service requirements for their products and materials.Types of International Logistics Intermediaries or facilitators:•International freight forwarder is an individual or a company that books or otherwise arranges space for shipments betweencountries via common carriers.•Customs brokers are private individuals, partnerships, associations or corporations licensed, regulated and empoweredby Customs to assist importers and exporters in meeting nationalrequirements governing imports and exports.•Non-vessel Operating Common Carriers (NVOCC)buy space from carriers and resell them. NVOCCs essentially act as if theywere a carrier, but they do not own or control any of the ships,planes, etc.•Export Trading Company (ETC)and Export Management Company (EMC)assist companies in marketing their product inother countries.2) International Logistics AlliancesIn logistics, at least as much as any other industry, there has been a strong trend toward alliances in order to promote efficiency.Criteria of a good match:•Individual excellence•Importance•Interdependence•Investment•Information•Integration•Institutionalization•Integrity11。
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Reduce prices 降低价格
Inexpensive transportation also contributes to reduced product prices. This occurs not only because of the increased competition in the marketplace but also because transportation is a component cost along with production, selling, and other distribution costs that make up the aggregate product cost.
Introduction 引言
Transportation usually represents the most important single element in logistics costs for most firms. The focus is on the facilities and services that make up the transportation system and on the rates (costs) and performance of the various transport services that a manager might select.
Service choices and their characteristics 服务选择及其特征
Price 价格 Transit time and variability
运输时间及运输变化性
Loss and damage 丢失和损坏
Price 价格
Price (cost) of transport service to a shipper is simply the line-haul rate for transporting goods plus any accessorial or terminal charges for additional service provide. In the case of for-hire service, the rate charged for the movement of goods between two points plus any additional charges.
Loss and damaቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱe 丢失和损坏
Because carriers differ in their ability to move freight without loss and damage, loss and damage experience becomes a factor in selecting a carrier. Common carriers have an obligation to move freight with reasonable dispatch and to do so using reasonable care in order to avoid loss and damage. Potentially the most serious loss that the shipper may sustain has to do with customer service.
New words and special terms 生词和短语
optimal adj. 最佳的；最适宜的 take place 发生 engaged in 参与；加入 proportion n.比例；比率 proximity n.接近 withstand vi.耐得住；经得起 line-haul rate 长途运输费 decouple vt. 使分离；拆开 maintenance n.保持；维持 depreciation n.跌价；折旧
Summary 小结
This chapter is about transport fundamentals. Firstly, effective transportation system contributes to greater competition in the marketplace, greater economics of scale in production, and reduced prices for goods. Secondly, services choices should consider: price, average transmit time, transit time variability, and loss and damage.
Importance of an effective transportation system 有效运输系统的重要性
Greater competition 更激烈的竞争 Economies of scale 规模经济
Reduce prices 降低价格
Greater competition 更激烈的竞争
Chapter 7 Transportation fundamentals 第7章 运输基本规则
Introduction 引言 Importance of an effective transportation system 有效运输系统的重要性 Service choices and their characteristics 服务选择及其特征
Transit time and variability 运输时间及运输变化性
Repeated surveys have shown that average delivery time and delivery time variability rank at the top as important transportation performance characteristics. Variability refers to be the usual differences that occur between shipments by various modes. Transit time variability is a measure of the uncertainty in carrier performance.
Questions 思考题
Is effective transportation system
important? Why? What are service choices? Describe the characteristics of service choices.
Economies of scale 规模经济
Wider markets can result in lower production costs. With the greater volume provided by these markets, more utilization can be made of production facilities, and specialization of labor usually follows.