最新06级数据库A卷

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2006数据库试卷_含答案

广东工业大学试卷用纸，第 3 页共7页18、下列聚合函数中不忽略空值(NULL)的是 CA) SUM(金额) B) MAX(成绩)C) COUNT(*) D) AVG(成绩)19、现有借阅关系表：借阅（书号，书名，库存数，读者号，借期，还期），假如同一本书允许一个读者多次借阅，但不能同时对一种书借多本。

则该关系模式的键是 DA) 书号B) 读者号C) 书号，读者号D) 书号，读者号，借期20、关系数据模型的三要素中不包括 CA）完整性规则B）数据结构C）恢复D）数据操作二、问答题（共22分）1、什么是数据的独立性？数据库系统中为什么能具有数据独立性？(8分)答：数据的独立性是指逻辑独立性和物理独立性。

(2分)数据的逻辑独立性是指当数据的总体逻辑结构改变时，数据的局部逻辑结构不变，由于应用程序是依据数据的局部逻辑结构编写的，所以应用程序不必须修改，从而保证了数据与程序间的逻辑独立性(1分)。

数据的物理独立性是指当数据的存储结构改变时，数据的逻辑结构不变，从而应用程序也不必改变(1分)。

原因：1）内模式映象保证了数据的物理独立性，如存储结构变化时，模式/内模式映象也应有相应的变化，使其概念模式仍保持不变，即把存储结构的变化的影响限制在概念模式之下，这使数据的存储结构和存储方法较高的独立于应用程序，通过映象功能保证数据存储结构的变化不影响数据的全局逻辑结构的改变，从而不必修改应用程序，即确保了数据的物理独立性。

(2分)2）外模式/模式映象保证了数据的逻辑独立性。

该级保证了数据的局部逻辑结构不变，由于应用程序是依据数据的局部逻辑结构编写的，所以应用程序不必须修改，从而保证了数据与程序间的逻辑独立性。

(2分)2、简述关系数据库中基本表的6个性质。

(7分)答：1、同一关系中各个属性具有同质性；2、同一关系中列顺序无关性3、同一关系中元组具有无冗余性；4、同一关系中，属性名具有唯一性；5、同一关系中，元组顺序具有无关性；6、关系中每一分量必须是不可分的数据项(1分)3、试述关系模型的完整性规则。

数据库06年考试

Fundamentals of Data StructuresMid-Term Exam1. Among the following data structures, is the best for random access of the elements in a linear list.(2 points).A. singly linked listB. doubly linked listC. arrayD. doubly linked circular list2. There are threads in a threaded binary tree with n nodes. (2 points)A. n– 1B. nC. n + 1D. n + 23. When open addressing is used to solve collisions, to delete a key from the hash table we must .(2 points)A.clear the cell that was occupied by the keyB.replace the key by a special value that signals the availability of the cellC.find all the keys that have the same hash value of this key and shift them by 1 cellD. replace the key by the last inserted key which has the same hash value of this key4. Given a string of expression, 3 * a +b/c. Please use a stack to give the sequence of operations which re-orders the expression into 3 a * b c / +. Here let P stand for “push” and “O” for “pop”. For example, ABC is re-ordered into BCA by PPOPOO. (7 points)5. Given a tree with n1 nodes of degree 1, n2 nodes of degree 2, ……, n m nodes of degree m. How manyleaf nodes does this tree have? (2 points)6. Given a list of integers {40, 30, 36, 77, 51, 32, 80}. Please insert these integers according to the givenorder into a binary search tree which is originally empty. Please draw the resulting binary search tree.（7 points）7. Given an array of the sequence { 12，70，33，65，24，56，48，92，86，35 }, please adjust the array intoa max heap. The resulting sequence is: (5 points)8. The inorder traversal sequence of some binary tree is given as 1234567, and its postorder sequence is2315764. Please draw this binary tree. (7 points)9. Please fill in the blanks in the program which finds Key from a hash table H with quadratic probing. (3points)Position Find ( ElementType Key, HashTable H ){ Position CurrentPos;int CollisionNum;CollisionNum = 0;CurrentPos = Hash( Key, H->TableSize );while( H->TheCells[ CurrentPos ].Info != Empty && ) {;if ( CurrentPos >= H->TableSize )CurrentPos - = H->TableSize;}Return CurrentPOs;}10. Please write a C program to delete all the nodes with key > x from a binary search tree. Here key and xare both integers between 1 and 100. Return TRUE if the deletion is successful or if there is nothing to be deleted, otherwise return FALSE. (8 points)typedef enum {FALSE, TRUE} Boolean;typedef struct node *tree_pointer;typedef struct node {int key;tree_pointer left_child, right_child;};Boolean delete_BST( tree_pointer *tree, int x )。

2006年6月17日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)及答案、听力原文

2006年6月17日大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷(A卷)注意事项一、将自己的校名、姓名、准考证号写在答题卡上。

将本试卷代号(A、B卷)划在答题卡上。

二、试卷和答题卡均不得带出考场。

考试结束，监考员收卷后考生才可离开。

三、仔细读懂题目的说明。

四、多项选择题的答案一定要划在答题卡上，凡是写在试卷上的答案一律无效。

每题只能选一个答案：如多选。

则该题无分，选定答案后，用铅笔在相应字母的中部划一条横线。

正确方法是：A) B) C) D)。

使用其他符号答题者不给分，划线要有一定粗度，浓度要盖过字母底色。

五、如果要改动答案，必须先用橡皮擦净原来选定的答案，然后再按上面的规定重新答题。

六、试题的第四部分改错(Error Correction)和第五部分作文(Writing)印刷在答题卡上，请用黑色字迹签字笔在答题卡上作答。

七、在90分钟内做完试题的第一至第四部分，90分钟后，监考员收取试卷，然后考生再做第五部分作文题，答题时间为30分钟。

全部考试时间为120分钟，不得拖延时间。

八、在考试过程中要注意对自己的答案保密，若被他人抄袭，一经发现，后果自负。

全国大学英语四、六级考试委员会Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.1. A) She met with Thomas just a few days ago.B) She can help with the orientation program.C) She is not sure she can pass on the message.D) She will certainly try to contact Thomas.2. A) Set the dinner table.B) Change the light bulb.C) Clean the dining room.D) Hold the ladder for him.3. A) He‟d like a piece of pie.B) He‟d like some coffee.C) He‟d rather stay in the warm room.D) He‟s just had dinner with his friends.4. A) He has managed to sell a number of cars.B) He is contented with his current position.C) He might get fired.D) He has lost his job.5. A) Tony‟s secretary.B) Paul‟s girlfriend.C) Paul‟s colleague.D) Tony‟s wife.6. A) He was fined for running a red light.B) He was caught speeding on a fast lane.C) He had to run quickly to get the ticket.D) He made a wrong turn at the intersection.7. A) He has learned a lot from his own mistakes.B) He is quite experienced in taming wild dogs.C) He finds reward more effective than punishment.D) He thinks it important to master basic training skills.8. A) At a bookstore.B) At the dentist‟s.C) In a restaurant.D) In the library.9. A) He doesn‟t want Jenny to get into trouble.B) He doesn‟t agree with the woman‟s remark.C) He thinks Jenny‟s workload too heavy at college.D) He believes most college students are running wild.10. A) It was applaudable.B) It was just terrible.C) The actors were enthusiastic.D) The plot was funny enough.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) Social work.B) Medical care.C) Applied physics.D) Special education.12. A) The timely advice from her friends and relatives.B) The two-year professional training she received.C) Her determination to fulfill her dream.D) Her parents‟ consistent moral support.13. A) To get the funding for the hospitals.B) To help the disabled children there.C) To train therapists for the children there.D) To set up an institution for the handicapped.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) At a country school in Mexico.B) In a mountain valley of Spain.C) At a small American college.D) In a small village in Chile.15. A) By expanding their minds and horizons.B) By financing their elementary education.C) By setting up a small primary school.D) By setting them an inspiring example.16. A) She wrote poetry that broke through national barriers.B) She was a talented designer of original school curriculums.C) She proved herself to be an active and capable stateswoman.D) She made outstanding contributions to children‟s education.17. A) She won the 1945 Nobel Prize in Literature.B) She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize.C) She translated her books into many languages.D) She advised many statesmen on international affairs.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) How animals survive harsh conditions in the wild.B) How animals alter colors to match their surroundings.C) How animals protect themselves against predators.D) How animals learn to disguise themselves effectively.19. A) Its enormous size.B) Its plant-like appearance.C) Its instantaneous response.D) Its offensive smell.20. A) It helps improve their safety.B) It allows them to swim faster.C) It helps them fight their predators.D) It allows them to avoid twists and turns.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.There are good reasons to be troubled by the violence that spreads throughout the media. Movies, Television and video games are full of gunplay and bloodshed, and one might reasonably ask what‟s wrong with a society that presents videos of domestic violence as entertainment.Most researchers agree that the causes of real-world violence are complex. A 1993 study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences listed “biological, individual, family, peer, school, and community factors” as all playing their parts.Viewing abnormally large amounts of violent television and video games may well contribute to violent behavior in certain individuals. The trouble comes when researchers downplay uncertainties in their studies or overstate the case for causality (因果关系). Skeptics were dismayed several years ago when a group of societies including the American Medical Association tried to end the debate by issuing a joint statement: “At this time, well over 1,000 studies... point overwhelmingly to a causal connection between media violence and aggressive behavior in some children.”Freedom-of-speech advocates accused the societies of catering to politicians, and even disputed the number of studies (most were review articles and essays, they said). When Jonathan Freedman, a social psychologist at the University of Toronto, reviewed the literature, he found only 200 or so studies of television-watching and aggression. And when he weeded out “the most doubtful measures of aggression”, only 28% supported a connection.The critical point here is causality. The alarmists say they have proved that violent media cause aggression. But the assumptions behind their observations need to be examined. When labeling games as violent or non-violent, should a hero eating a ghost really be counted as a violent event? And when experimenters record the time it takes game players to read …aggressive‟ or …non-aggressive‟ words from a list, can we be sure what they are actually measuring? The intent of the new Harvard Center on Media and Child Health to collect and standardize studies of media violence in order to compare their methodologies, assumptions and conclusions is an important step in the right direction.Another appropriate step would be to tone down the criticism until we know more. Several researchers write, speak and testify quite a lot on the threat posed by violence in the media. That is, of course, their privilege. But when doing so, they often come out with statements that the matter has now been settled, drawing criticism from colleagues. In response, the alarmists accuse critics and news reporters of being deceived by the entertainment industry. Such clashes help neither science nor society.21. Why is there so much violence shown in movies, TV and video games?A) There is a lot of violence in the real world today.B) Something has gone wrong with today‟s society.C) Many people are fond of gunplay and bloodshed.D) Showing violence is thought to be entertaining.22. What is the skeptics (Line 3. Para. 3) view of media violence?A) Violence on television is a fairly accurate reflection of real-world life.B) Most studies exaggerate the effect of media violence on the viewers.C) A causal relationship exists between media and real-world violence.D) The influence of media violence on children has been underestimated.23. The author uses the term “alarmists” (Line 1. Para. 5) to refer to those who________.A) use standardized measurements in the studies of media violenceB) initiated the debate over the influence of violent media on realityC) assert a direct link between violent media and aggressive behaviorD) use appropriate methodology in examining aggressive behavior24. In refuting the alarmists, the author advances his argument by first challenging________.A) the source and amount of their dataB) the targets of their observationC) their system of measurementD) their definition of violence25. What does the author think of the debate concerning the relationship between themedia and violence?A) More studies should be conducted before conclusions are drawn.B) It should come to an end since the matter has now been settled.C) The past studies in this field have proved to be misleading.D) He more than agrees with the views held by the alarmists.Passage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.You‟re in trouble if you have to buy your own brand-name prescription drugs. Over the past decade, prices leaped by more than double the inflation rate. Treatments for chronic conditions can easily top $2,000 a month-no wonder that one in four Americans can‟s afford to fill their prescriptions. The solution? A hearty chorus of “O Canada.” North of the border, where price controls reign, those same brand-name drugs cost 50% to 80% less.The Canadian option is fast becoming a political wake-up call, “If our neighbors canbuy drugs at reasonable prices, why can‟t we? Even to whisper that thought provokes anger. “Un-American!” And-the propagandists‟trump card (王牌)—“Wreck our brilliant health-care system.” Supersize drug prices, they claim, fund the research that sparks the next generation of wonder drugs. No sky-high drug price today, no cure for cancer tomorrow. So shut up and pay up.Common sense tells you that‟s a false alternative. The reward for finding, say, a cancer cure is so huge that no one‟s going to hang it up. Nevertheless, if Canada-level pricing came to the United States, the industry‟s profit margins would drop and the pace of new-drug development would slow. Here lies the American dilemma. Who is all this splendid medicine for? Should our health-care system continue its drive toward the best of the best, even though rising numbers of patients can‟t afford it? Or should we direct our wealth toward letting everyone in on today‟s level of care? Measured by saved lives, the latter is almost certainly the better course.To defend their profits, the drug companies have warned Canadian wholesalers and pharmacies (药房) not to sell to Americans by mail, and are cutting back supplies to those who dare.Meanwhile, the administration is playing the fear card. Officials from the Food and Drug Administration will argue that Canadian drugs might be fake, mishandled, or even a potential threat to life.Do bad drugs fly around the Internet? Sure-and the more we look, the more we‟ll find, But I haven‟t heard of any raging epidemics among the hundreds of thousands of people buying crossborder.Most users of prescription drugs don‟t worry about costs a lot. They‟re sheltered by employee insurance, owing just a $20 co-pay. The financial blows rain, instead, on the uninsured, especially the chronically ill who need expensive drugs to live, This group will still include middle-income seniors on Medicare, who‟ll have to dig deeply into their pockets before getting much from the new drug benefit that starts in 2006.26. What is said about the consequence of the rocketing drug prices in the U.S.?A) A quarter of Americans can‟t afford their prescription drugs.B) Many Americans can‟t afford to see a doctor when they fall ill.C) Many Americans have to go to Canada to get medical treatment.D) The inflation rate has been more than doubled over the years.27. It can be inferred that America can follow the Canadian model and curb its soaringdrug prices by ________.A) encouraging people to buy prescription drugs onlineB) extending medical insurance to all its citizensC) importing low-price prescription drugs from CanadaD) exercising price control on brand-name drugs28. How do propagandists argue for the U.S. drug pricing policy?A) Low prices will affect the quality of medicines in America.B) High prices are essential to funding research on new drugs.C) Low prices will bring about the anger of drug manufacturers.D) High-price drugs are indispensable in curing chronic diseases.29. What should be the priority of America‟s health-care system according to theauthor?A) To resolve the dilemma in the health-care system.B) To maintain America‟s lead in the drug industry.C) To allow the vast majority to enjoy its benefits.D) To quicken the pace of new drug development.30. What are American drug companies doing to protect their high profits?A) Labeling drugs bought from Canada as being fakes.B) Threatening to cut back funding for new drug research.C) Reducing supplies to uncooperative Canadian pharmacies.D) Attributing the raging epidemics to the ineffectiveness of Canadian drugs.Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Age has its privileges in America. And one of the more prominent of them is the senior citizen discount. Anyone who has reached a certain age—in some cases as low as 55—is automatically entitled to a dazzling array of price reductions at nearly every level of commercial life. Eligibility is determined not by one‟s need but by the date on one‟s birth certificate. Practically unheard of a generation ago, the discounts have become a routine part of many businesses—as common as color televisions in motel rooms and free coffee on airliners.People with gray hair often are given the discounts without even asking for them；yet, millions of Americans above age 60 are healthy and solvent (有支付能力的). Businesses that would never dare offer discounts to college students or anyone under 30 freely offer them to older Americans. The practice is acceptable because of the widespread belief that “elderly”and “needy”are synonymous (同义的). Perhaps that once was true, but today elderly Americans as a group have a lower poverty rate than the rest of the population. To be sure, there is economic diversity within the elderly, and many older Americans are poor, But most of them aren‟t.It is impossible to determine the impact of the discounts on individual companies. For many firms, they are a stimulus to revenue. But in other cases the discounts are given at the expense, directly or indirectly, of younger Americans. Moreover, they are a direct irritant in what some politicians and scholars see as a coming conflict between thegenerations.Generational tensions are being fueled by continuing debate over Social Security benefits, which mostly involves a transfer of resources from the young to the old. Employment is another sore point, Buoyed (支持) by laws and court decisions, more and more older Americans are declining the retirement dinner in favor of staying on the job-thereby lessening employment and promotion opportunities for younger workers.Far from a kind of charity they once were, senior citizen discounts have become a formidable economic privilege to a group with millions of members who don‟t need them.It no longer makes sense to treat the elderly as a single group whose economic needs deserve priority over those of others. Senior citizen discounts only enhance the myth that older people can‟t take care of themselves and need special treatment；and they threaten the creation of a new myth, that the elderly are ungrateful and taking for themselves at the expense of children and other age groups. Senior citizen discounts are the essence of the very thing older Americans are fighting against-discrimination by age.31. We learn from the first paragraph that ________.A) offering senior citizens discounts has become routine commercial practiceB) senior citizen discounts have enabled many old people to live a decent lifeC) giving senior citizens discounts has boosted the market for the elderlyD) senior citizens have to show their birth certificates to get a discount32. What assumption lies behind the practice of senior citizen discounts?A) Businesses, having made a lot of profits, should do something for society inreturn.B) Old people are entitled to special treatment for the contribution they made tosociety.C) The elderly, being financially underprivileged, need humane help from society.D) Senior citizen discounts can make up for the inadequacy of the Social Securitysystem.33. According to some politicians and scholars, senior citizen discounts will ________.A) make old people even more dependent on societyB) intensify conflicts between the young and the oldC) have adverse financial impact on business companiesD) bring a marked increase in the companies revenues34. How does the author view the Social Security system?A) It encourages elderly people to retire in time.B) It opens up broad career prospects for young people.C) It benefits the old at the expense of the young.D) It should be reinforced by laws and court decisions.35. Which of the following best summarizes the author‟s main argument?A) Senior citizens should fight hard against age discrimination.B) The elderly are selfish and taking senior discounts for granted.C) Priority should be given to the economic needs of senior citizens.D) Senior citizen discounts may well be a type of age discrimination.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.In 1854 my great-grandfather, Morris Marable, was sold on an auction block in Georgia for $500. For his white slave master, the sale was just “business as usual.” But to Morris Marable and his heirs, slavery was a crime against our humanity. This pattern of human rights violations against enslaved African-Americans continued under racial segregation for nearly another century.The fundamental problem of American democracy in the 21st century is the problem of “structural racism” the deep patterns of socio-economic inequality and accumulated disadvantage that are coded by race, and constantly justified in public speeches by both racist stereotypes and white indifference. Do Americans have the capacity and vision to remove these structural barriers that deny democratic rights and opportunities to millions of their fellow citizens?This country has previously witnessed two great struggles to achieve a truly multicultural democracy.The First Reconstruction (1865-1877) ended slavery and briefly gave black men voting rights, but gave no meaningful compensation for two centuries of unpaid labor. The promise of “40 acres and a mule (骡子)”was for most blacks a dream deferred (尚未实现的).The Second Reconstruction (1954-1968), or the modern civil rights movement, ended legal segregation in public accommodations and gave blacks voting rights. But these successes paradoxically obscure the tremendous human costs of historically accumulated disadvantage that remain central to black Americans‟ lives.The disproportionate wealth that most whites enjoy today was first constructed from centuries of unpaid black labor. Many white institutions, including some leading universities, insurance companies and banks, profited from slavery. This pattern of white privilege and black inequality continues today.Demanding reparations (赔偿) is not just about compensation for slavery and segregation. It is, more important, an educational campaign to highlight the contemporary reality of “racial deficits” of all kinds, the unequal conditions that impact blacks regardless of class. Structural racism‟s barriers include “equity inequity.” the absence of black capital formation that is a direct consequence of America‟s history. Onethird of all black households actually have negative net wealth. In 1998 the typical black family‟s net wealth was $16,400, less than one fifth that of white families. Black families are denied home loans at twice the rate of whites.Blacks remain the last hired and first fired during recessions. During the 1990-91 recession, African-Americans suffered disproportionately. At Coca-Cola, 42 percent of employees who lost their jobs were blacks. At Sears, 54 percent were black, Blacks have significantly shorter life spans, in part due to racism in the health establishment. Blacks are statistically less likely than whites to be referred for kidney transplants or early-stage cancer surgery.36. To the author, the auction of his great-grandfather is a typical example of ________.A) crime against humanityB) unfair business transactionC) racial conflicts in GeorgiaD) racial segregation in America37. The barrier to democracy in 21st century America is ________.A) widespread use of racist stereotypesB) prejudice against minority groupsC) deep-rooted socio-economic inequalityD) denial of legal rights to ordinary blacks38. What problem remains unsolved in the two Reconstructions?A) Differences between races are deliberately obscured.B) The blacks are not compensated for their unpaid labor.C) There is no guarantee for blacks to exercise their rights.D) The interests of blacks are not protected by law.39. It is clear that the wealth enjoyed by most whites ________.A) has resulted from business successes over the yearsB) has been accompanied by black capital formationC) has derived from sizable investments in educationD) has been accumulated from generations of slavery40. What does the author think of the current situation regarding racial discrimination?A) Racism is not a major obstacle to blacks‟ employment.B) Inequality of many kinds remains virtually untouched.C) A major step has been taken towards reparations.D) Little has been done to ensure blacks‟ civil rights.Part III Vocabulary (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the centre.41. Because of the ________ of its ideas, the book was in wide circulation both at homeand abroad.A) originalityB) subjectivityC) generalityD) ambiguity42. With its own parliament and currency and a common ________ for peace, theEuropean Union declared itself—in 11 official languages—open for business.A) inspirationB) assimilationC) intuitionD) aspiration43. America has now adopted more ________ European-style inspection systems, andthe incidence of food poisoning is falling.A) discreteB) solemnC) rigorousD) autonomous44. Mainstream pro-market economists all agree that competition is an ________ spurto efficiency and innovation.A) extravagantB) exquisiteC) intermittentD) indispensable45. In the late 19th century, Jules Verne, the master of science fiction, foresaw many ofthe technological wonders that are ________ today.A) transientB) commonplaceC) implicitD) elementary46. I was so ________ when I used the automatic checkout lane in the supermarket forthe first time.A) immersedB) assaultedC) thrilledD) dedicated47. His arm was ________ from the shark‟s mouth and reattached, but the boy, whonearly died, remained in a delicate condition.A) retrievedB) retainedC) repelledD) restored48. Bill Gates and Walt Disney are two people America has ________ to be the GreatestAmerican.A) appointedB) appeasedC) nicknamedD) dominated49. The ________ majority of citizens tend to believe that the death penalty will helpdecrease the crime rate.A) overflowingB) overwhelmingC) prevalentD) premium50. We will also see a ________ increase in the number of televisions per household, assmall TV displays are added to clocks, coffee makers and smoke detectors.A) startlingB) surpassingC) suppressingD) stacking51. The advance of globalization is challenging some of our most ________ values andideas, including our idea of what constitutes “home”.A) enrichedB) enlightenedC) cherishedD) chartered52. Researchers have discovered that ________ with animals in an active way maylower a person‟s blood pressure.A) interactingB) integratingC) migratingD) merging53. The Beatles, the most famous British band of the 1960s, traveled worldwide formany years, ________ cultural barriers.A) transportingB) transplantingC) transferringD) transcending54. In his last years, Henry suffered from a disease that slowly ________ him of muchof his sight.A) relievedB) jeopardizedC) deprivedD) eliminated55. Weight lifting, or any other sport that builds up your muscles, can make bonesbecome denser and less ________ to injury.A) attachedB) proneC) immuneD) reconciled56. He has ________ to museums hundreds of his paintings as well as his entirepersonal collection of modern art.A) ascribedB) attributedC) designatedD) donated57. Erik‟s website contains ________ photographs and hundreds of articles and shortvideos from his trip around the globe.A) prosperousB) gorgeousC) spaciousD) simultaneous58. Optimism is a ________ shown to be associated with good physical health, lessdepression and longer life.A) trailB) traitC) traceD) track59. The institution has a highly effective program which helps first-year students makea successful ________ into college life.A) transformationB) transmissionC) transitionD) transaction60. Philosophers believe that desire, hatred and envy are “negative emotions” which________ the mind and lead it into a pursuit of power and possessions.A) distortB) reinforceC) exertD) scramble61. The term “glass ceiling” was first used by the Wall Street Journal to describe theapparent barriers that prevent women from reaching the top of the corporate ________.A) seniorityB) superiorityC) heightD) hierarchy62. Various efforts have been made over the centuries to predict earthquakes, includingobserving lights in the sky and ________ animal behavior.A) abnormalB) exoticC) absurdD) erroneous63. Around 80 percent of the ________ characteristics of most white Britons have beenpassed down from a few thousand Ice Age hunters.A) intelligibleB) randomC) spontaneousD) genetic64. Picasso gained popularity in the mid-20th century, which was ________ of a newattitude towards modern art.A) informativeB) indicativeC) exclusiveD) expressive65. The country was an island that enjoyed civilized living for a thousand years or morewith little ________ from the outside world.A) disturbanceB) discriminationC) irritationD) irregularity66. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and________.A) stabilityB) capabilityC) durabilityD) availability67. Back in the days when people traveled by horse and carriage, Karl Benz ________the world with his extraordinary three-wheeled motor vehicle.A) inhibitedB) extinguishedC) quenchedD) stunned。

数据库原理试题05-06A卷答案

2005—2006学年第一学期期末考试试卷（A卷）一、单项选择题:在每小题的备选答案中选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的代码填在题干上的括号内。

（每小题 1分，本大题共 10分）1．B 2．C 3．D 4．D 5．D 6．D 7．B 8．A9．B 10．A二、填空题:（每空1分，本大题共10分）1．数据库管理系统DBMS2．完整性约束3．选择运算4．DISTINCT5．获得权限的用户还能够获得传递权限，把获得的权限转授给其他用户6．1NF7．伪传递规则8．BCNF 3NF9．隔离性10．介质故障三、判断改正题:判断下列各题是否正确，正确的划√，错误的划×，并说明理由。

（每小题2分，本大题共10分）1．错误（1分）实体是指客观存在可以相互区别的事物，既可以是具体的对象，也可以是抽象的事件。

故“一个男生”和“一次借书”均为一个实体。

（1分）2．错误(1分)函数依赖不是指关系模式R的某个或某些关系满足的约束条件，而是指R的一切关系均要满足的约束条件。

（1分）3．错误（1分）非主属性是指不包含在任何候选码中的属性。

（1分）4．正确(1分)因为如果不存在非平凡的非函数的多值依赖，必为4NF，则也为BCNF，与假设矛盾。

（1分）5．错误（1分）两段封锁法仍有可能发生死锁，而且可能增多。

（1分）四、问答题（每小题10分，本大题共40分）1．设有两个关系R (A，B，C) 和S (C，D，E)，试用SQL查询语句表达下列关系代数表达式πA，E (σB = D (R∞S))。

答案要点：SELECT A，E --------3分FROM R，S --------3分WHERE B = D AND R.C = S.C --------4分2．设有关系模式R (A，B，C，D)，F是R上成立的FD集，F = {D→A，D→B}，试写出关系模式R的候选键，并说明理由。

答案要点：① R的候选键是CD --------4分②理由：从已知的F，可导出D→ABD，--------2分再根据增广律，可得出CD→ABCD， --------2分即CD值可决定全部属性值。

06级数据库试卷(双面)A

第2页共6页A. 外模式B. 逻辑模式C. 内模式D. 概念模式 11. 从数据流图构造E-R 图时，选择实体一般应先考虑数据流图中的（）。

A. 数据项B. 数据流C. 数据处理D. 数据存储 12. 以下（）不是当前常用的存取方法。

A. 索引方法B. 聚簇方法C. HASH 方法D. 链表方法 13. 事务一旦提交，对数据库的改变是永久的，这是事务的（）。

A. 原子性 B. 一致性 C. 隔离性 D. 持久性 14. 并发控制要解决的根本问题是保持数据库状态的（）。

A. 安全性 B. 完整性 C. 可靠性 D. 一致性 15. 在数据库系统中，对存取权限的定义称为（）。

A. 授权B. 定义C. 约束D. 审计16. 视图建立后，在数据字典中存放的是（）。

A. 查询语句 B. 视图的定义 C. 组成视图的表内容 D. 产生视图的表定义 17. 由全码组成的关系模式，最高可以达到的模式为（）。

A. 4NFB. 2NFC. 3NFD. BCNF18. 下列叙述中，正确的是（）。

A. 对于关系数据模型，规范化程度越高越好 B. 如果F 是最小函数依赖集，则R ∈2NF C. 如果R ∈BCNF ，则F 是最小函数依赖集D. 关系模式分解为BCNF 后，函数依赖关系可能被破坏19. 为保证多用户环境中数据的完整性和一致性，DBMS 采取的控制称为（）。

A. 安全性控制B. 完整性控制C. 事务控制D. 并发控制20. 包含在日志文件中的主要内容是（）。

A. 程序运行过程B. 对数据的全部操作C. 对数据的全部更新操作D. 程序执行结果二、填空题（每题1分，共10分）1. 关系模式R 与S ，组成关系R ÷S 的是关系（）的属性集。

2. 在SQL 中视图是由（）产生的虚表。

3. 在SQL 中X not between 20 and 30 的含义是（）。

《数据库应用》A卷(含答案)

华南农业大学期末考试答卷（A 卷）参考答案2017学年第一学期考试科目：数据库应用A 考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间： 120 分钟学号姓名年级专业班级① 本试题分为试卷与答卷两部分。

试卷有四大题，共9页。

不能使用计算器。

②③ ②⑤ 机读卡上请写姓名、班级、学号，学号只写后10位（例如：201531140701，只写1531140701）。

用签字笔填写这些信息时不要写在机读区域，以免影响机读的成绩。

一、判断题(共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。

在答题卡上涂黑A 代表正确，涂黑B 代表错误）二、单选题（共40小题，每小题1分，共40分。

涂黑答题卡上对应的项）三、填空题（共10小题、10个空，每空1分，共10分）四、应用题（共5题，共40分。

写清题号）1、某个旅游数据库系统有“团队”和“线路”两个表，如下所示。

应用关系运算完成下列题目。

（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）答：（1）（2（3（4）∏线路ID ，线路名，费用(σ天数>6（线路）)（5）∏线路名，天数(σ导游姓名=‘王选’（团队线路）)2、下列前两个小题写出每条SQL 语句完成的功能，后三小题根据每种功能要求写出相应的SQL 语句。

（本题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）答：(1) 查找商品名称为"蓝月亮洗衣液" 的供应信息，显示供应商编号，商品编号，商品类别，供应日期。

(2) 查找供应数量大于1000的供应商信息，显示供应商编号，供应商名称，联系电话，地址。

(3) SELECT商品名称，商品类别，单价，折扣FROM 供应明细，商品WHERE 商品. 商品编号=供应明细. 商品编号AND 数量between 1000 and 2000；(4) Select 商品类别, Max(单价) As最高单价From商品Group by 商品类别;(5) Delete From 商品Where 单价<30;3、教师管理数据库中有两个表，表的结构如下：教师（教师编号，姓名，性别，出生年月，籍贯，学院编号）；工资(教师编号，基本工资，绩效工资，津贴，住房公积金，养老保险，失业保险)。

2006年理数据库原理试卷A

B.Begin、Continue、End
C.Create Transaction、Commit、RollBack
D.Begin Transaction、Continue、End
14.以下哪种情况应尽量创建索引（）。
A.在Where子句中出现频率较高的列
B.具有很多NULL值的列
C.记录较少的基本表
D.需要更新频繁的基本表
A.∪，-，×，π和σB.∪，-，∞，π和σ
C.∪，∩，×，π和σD.∪，∩，∞，π和σ
5.当关系R和S自然联接时，能够把R和S原该舍弃的元组放到结果关系中的操作是（）
A.左外联接B.右外联接C.外部并D.外联接
6.下述哪一条不是由于关系模式设计不当而引起的？
A)数据冗余B)插入异常C)丢失修改D)更新异常
A)雇员号B)雇员名C)部门号D)工资
第（18）至（20）题基于以下的叙述：有关系模式A（C，T，H，R，S），基中各属性的含义是：C：课程T：教员H：上课时间R：教室S：学生
根据语义有如下函数依赖集：
F={C→T，（H，R）→C，（H，T）→R，（H，S）→R}
18.关系模式A的码是
A) CB)（H，R）C)（H，T）D)（H，S）
16.若执行下面列出的操作，哪个操作不能成功执行？（）
A)从DEPT中删除部门号=‘03’的行
B）在DEPT中插入行（‘06’，‘计划部’，‘6号楼’）
C)将DEPT中部门号=‘02’的部门号改为‘10’
D)将DEPT中部门号=‘01’的地址改为‘5号楼’
山东建筑大学试卷共2页第2页
17.在雇员信息表关系EMP中，哪个属性是外键（foreign key）？（）
第（15）至（17）题是基于如下两个关系，其中雇员信息表关系EMP的主键是雇员号，部门信息表关系DEPT的主键是部门号

华南农业大学期末考试试卷(A)2006数据库答案

华南农业大学期末考试试卷（A卷）d 2006学年第一学期考试科目：数据库原理与方法考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟参考答案：Question 1:a.A database-management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated dataand a set of programs to access those data.b.Metadata is data about data.c.The E-R data model is a widely used data model for database design. Itprovides a convenient grapical representation to view data, relationships, and constraints.d.A superkey of an entity set is a set of one or more attributes that, takencollectivly, allows us to identify uniquely an entity in the entity set. Such minnimal superkeys are called candidate keys.e.A data-manipulation language (DML) is a language than enables users toaccess or manipulate data. A data-definition language (DDL) is a language for specifying the database schema and as well as other properties of the data.f.Transactions are required to have the ACID properties: atomicity,consistency, isolation, and durability. Atomicity ensures that either all the effects of transaction are reflected in the database, or none are; Consistency ensures that, if the database is initially consistent, the execution of the transaction leaves the database in a consistent state. Isolation ensures that concurrently executing transactions are isolated from on another. Durablity ensures that, once a transaction has been committed, that transaction’s udpates do not get lost, even if there is a system failure.g.It is a state where neither of these transactions can ever proceed with itsnormal execution.h.Concurrency schedule consists of a sequence of instructions from varioustransactions which run concurrently.i.A unique fixed timestamp is associated with each transaction in the system.The timestamp of the transaction determine the serializability order.j.The most widely used structure for recording database modifications is the log. The log is a sequence of log records, recording all the update activitiesin the database.Question 2:a.b: Relation schemas:factory(name, director, location) workshop(wid, director, location, telephone) depositor(did, director, telephone) accessory(aid, weight, price)--FK name reference factory--FK name reference factory--FK wid reference workshop--FK wid reference workshop--FK did reference depositor--FK did reference depositor--FK aid reference accessory--FK wid reference workshop--FK worker_id reference workerQuestion 3:a.F={(S#,C#)→G,C#→TN,TN→D}b.1NFc.∵Fm={(S#, C#)→G,C#→TN,TN→D}∴P={R1,R2,R3}The definition of R1,R2 and R3 is:R1=(S#, C#, G)R2=(C#, TN)R3=(TN, D)Question 4:a. ∏empnoδpublisher=’McGraw-Hill’(Loan Books)b. ∏name,age δpublisher=’McGraw-Hill’(Employee Loan Books)c. ∏name,o ffice δpublisher=’McGraw-Hill’∧ year>2000 (Employee Loan Books)d. ∏empno (Loan)－∏empnoδpublisher=’McGraw-Hill’(Loan Books)Question 5:a.select avg(price)from market m, sales s, item iwhere m.mno=s.mno and s.ino=i.inoand m.city=’Guangzhou’ and i.ino=’abc2164’ and color = ‘red’b.select mnofrom saleswhere ino=’pc100’intersectselect mnofrom saleswhere ino=’jk375’c.select ino, iname, colorfrom itemwhere ino in ( select inofrom saleswhere mno=’rs225’exceptselect inofrom saleswhere mno=’az507’)d.select ino, max(price), min(price)from salsegroup by inohaving max(price)－min(price)＞100Question 6:a.(select * from r1) union (select * from r2)b.(select * from r1) intersect (select * from r2)c.(select * from r1) except (select * from r2)d.select r1.A, r2.B, r1.Cfrom r1, r2where r1.B = r2. BQuestion 7:a. undo-list: T4redo-list: T2,T3b. undo(T i) restores the value of all data items updated by transaction T i to the old values.redo(T i) sets the value of all data items updated by transaction T i to the new values.。

数据库原理与应用试卷 A卷+答案

学年度第一学期期末考试《数据库原理与应用》（八）卷专业班级姓名学号一、单选题（每题的备选答案中只有一个♦佳答案，每题2分，共30分）1.DB,DBMS和DBS三者之间的关系是（）。

A.DB包括DBMS和DBSB.DBS包括DB和DBMSC.DBMS包括DB和DBSI）.不能相互包括2.对数据库物理存储方式的描述称为（）A.外模式B∙内模式C.概念模式D.逻辑模式3.在数据库三级模式间引入二级映象的主要作用是（）A.提高数据与程序的独立B.提高数据与程序的安全性C.保持数据与程序的一致性D.提高数据与程序的可移植性4.视图是一个“虚表”，视图的构造基于（）A.基本表B.视图C.基本表或视图D.数据字典5.关系代数中的11运算符对应SE1.ECT语句中的以下哪个子句？（）A.SE1.ECTB.FROMC.MERED.GROUPBY6.公司中有多个部门和多名职员，每个职员只能属于一个部门，一个部门叫以有多名职员，从职员到部门的联系类型是（）A.多对多B.•对∙C.多对一D.•对多7.如何构造出一个合适的数据逻辑结构是（）主要解决的问题“Λ.关系系统杳询优化 B.数据字典C.关系数据库规范化理论D.关系数据席查询8.将E-R模型转换成关系模型，阙于数据库的（）A.需求分析B.概念设计C逻辑设计 D.物理设计9.事务日志的用途是（）A.事务处理B.完整性约束C.数据恢史D.安全性控制10.如果事务T已在数据R上加了X锁，则其他事务在数据R上（）A.只可加X锁B.只可加S锁C.可加S锁或X锁D,不能加任何锁11.要保证数据库逻辑数据独立性，需要修改的是（）R.模式B.模式与内模式的映射C模式与外模式的映射D.内模式12.下列四项中，不属于数据库特点的是（）A.数据共享B.数据完整性C数据冗余很高 D.数据独立性高13.学生社团可以接纳多名学生参加.但每个学生只加个社团,从社团到学生之间的联系类型是（）A.多对多B.•对∙C.多对∙D.一对多14.反映现实世界中实体及实体间联系的信息模型（）Λ.关系模型B.层次模型C.网状模型D.E-R模型15.对数据库并发操作有可能带来的问题包括（）A.读出“脏数据”B.带来数据的冗余C.未被授权的用户非法存取数据D.破坏数据独立性二、多选题（每题的备选答案中有多个最佳答案，每题5分，共5（）分）16.在关系模式STJ（S,T,J）中，S表示学生，T表示教酎i,J表示课程。

(完整word版)06级本科--软件工程期末考卷A卷参考答案

一、单项选择题（30%，每小题2分）：DDAAC DADCD DDAAD二、简答题（25%，每小题5分）：1．请简要说明需求分析的三个层次包括那些主要内容。

1个2分，2个4分，3个5分软件需求包括三个不同的层次—业务需求、用户需求和功能需求—也包括非功能需求。

业务需求反映了组织机构或客户对系统、产品高层次的目标要求。

用户需求文档描述了用户使用产品必须要完成的任务。

功能需求定义了开发人员必须实现的软件功能，使得用户能完成他们的任务，从而满足了业务需求。

2．为什么要设计独立性强的模块以及如何判断模块的独立性？第一3分，耦合1分，内聚1分模块独立性强，则：（1）系统容易开发（2）系统可靠性高（3）系统容易维护判断模块独立性的基本原则：“耦合小，内聚大”3．若现有类已经进行了彻底的测试，为什么必须对从现有类中实例化的子类进行重新测试？使用的场景：3分． 2分因为父类和子类的运行环境是不同的。

另外，如果是多重继承会显著地增加派生类的复杂程度，导致一些难以厦门大学《软件工程》课程试卷软件学院＿＿＿＿系 2006 年级软件工程专业主考教师：林坤辉试卷类型：（A 卷）发现的隐含错误。

4．要开发质量“非常好”的软件，请从软件工程的角度分析其利与弊。

利：3分；弊：2分利：容易维护，用户比较满意弊：成本高，周期长5、采用面向对象方法设计软件系统时，子系统的划分常采用水平划分或垂直划分的方式，请说明这两种划分所得子系统的特点。

c/s:3分,p2p：2分水平划分系统的p2p：每个字系统可以调用任意其他子系统，比c/s复杂，可能死锁。

垂直划分c/s：客户端调用服务器端，服务器提供服务，并返回结果。

客户端需要知道服务器的接口，而服务器不必知道客户端接口。

三、应用题（45%，1-3每小题10分，4小题15分）1．公司计划采用新技术开发一款新的手机软件产品，希望尽快占领市场，假设你是项目经理，你会选择哪种软件过程模型？为什么？选模型：5分；原因：5分选用模型：可采用增量模型/增量+ 原形/螺旋模型等等。

2006-2007数据库A2

7.数据库管理系统与操作系统、应用软件的层次关系从核心到外围依次是。

A.DBMS、OS、应用软件
B.DBMS、应用软件、OS
C.OS、DBMS、应用软件
D.OS、应用软件、DBMS
8.数据库管理系统中数据操纵语言DML所实现的操作一般包括。

A.查询、插入、修改、删除
B.排序、授权、删除
C.建立、插入、修改、排序
D.建立、授权、修改
9．在数据库方式下的信息处理中，占据中心位置的是。

A.数据
B.程序
C.软件
D.磁盘
10．数据库系统依靠_ _支持了数据独立性。

A.具有封装机制
B.模式分级、各级之间有映像机制
C.定义完整性约束条件
D.DDL语言和DML语言互相独立
二、填空题（1分/空，共20分）
1. 数据库系统中的数据模型通常由_ _、 __和_ _三部分组成。

2. 数据库是在计算机系统中按照一定的数据模型组织、存储和应用的_ ，
支持数据库各种操作的软件系统叫_ _，由计算机、操作系统、DBMS、数据库、
应用程序及用户等组成的一个整体叫_ _。

3．在ER图中，用长方形表示_ _，用椭圆表示_ _，菱形框表示_ _。

4．常用的数据模型主要有_ _、_ _和_ _。

5．关系模型的三类完整性是指_ _、_ _和用户定义完整性。

6．避免死锁的措施有：_ _和__。

2006~2007年第一学期年数据库A(参考答案)

华南农业大学期末考试试卷（A 卷【参】）2006~2007学年第1学期考试科目：数据库原理及应用考试类型：闭卷考试时间：120分钟班级学号姓名A 、操作系统B 、CPUC 、人员D 、物理数据库 2. 数据库系统的核心是：（）A 、数据模型B 、数据库管理系统C 、数据库D 、数据库管理员3. 数据库设计的阶段中，哪个阶段把概念模型转换成可由某个数据库管理系统支持的数据模型：（）A 、逻辑结构设计B 、实施阶段C 、概念结构设计D 、物理结构设计 4. 下面不属于关系模型的完整性约束：（）A 、用户自定义完整性B 、规范化C 、实体完整性D 、参照完整性5. 设有如下关系表：R ST则下列操作中正确的是：（）A 、S R T =B 、S R T =C 、S R T ⨯=D 、S R T /=6. 将两个关系拼接成一个新的关系，生成的新关系中包含满足条件的元组，这种操作称为：（）A 、选择B 、投影C 、连接D 、并7. SQL 的含义是：（）A 、结构化查询语言B 、数据定义语言C、数据库查询语言D、数据库操纵与控制语言8.在Access中，使用SQL语句无法设定的字段类型是：（）A、char（6）B、DateC、BooleanD、Integer9.Access属于哪种类型的数据库：( )A、层次数据库B、网状数据库C、关系数据库D、面向对象数据库10.不属于Access对象的是：( )A、表B、文件夹C、窗体D、查询11.利用Accss创建的数据库文件，其扩展名为：（）A、.pdfB、.docC、.txtD、.mdb12.表由哪些部分组成：（）A、查询和字段B、字段和记录C、记录和窗体D、报表和字段13.在SQL查询中使用Where子句指出的是：( )A、查询目标B、查询结果C、查询视图D、查询条件14.如果表A中的一条记录与表B中的多条记录相匹配，而表B中的一条记录只能与表A 中的一条记录相匹配，则表A与表B存在的关系是：（）A、一对一B、一对多C、多对一D、多对多15.在设计学生信息表时，对于其字段“学生简历”，要求填写从高中到现在的情况，一般长度大于255个字符，请问应该选择那种数据类型：（）A、文本型B、备注型C、数字型D、日期/时间型（16）～（19）题使用已建立的“tEmployee”表，表结构如下所示：16.在“tEmployee入的字母数是：（）A、5B、10C、15D、2017.为了确保输入的联系电话值只能为8位数字，可以通过设置字段属性的哪个部分：（）A、掩码B、输入法模式C、必填字段D、有效性文字18.若在“tEmployee”表中查找所有姓“王”的记录，可以在查询设计视图的准则行中输入：（）A、like “王”B、like “王*”C、= “王”D、= “王*”19.下面显示的是查询设计视图的“设计网格”部分，从此部分所示的内容中可以判断出要创建的查询是：（）A、删除查询B、生成表查询C、选择查询D、更新查询20.利用Access的SQL视图可以创建：（）A、选择查询B、数据定义查询C、动作查询D、以上三种都可以21.以下关于查询的叙述正确的是：( )A、只能根据数据表创建查询B、只能根据已建查询创建查询C、可以根据数据表和已建查询创建查询D、不能根据已建查询创建查询22.Access支持的查询类型有：( )A、选择查询，交叉表查询，参数查询，SQL查询和动作查询B、基本查询，选择查询，参数查询，SQL查询和动作查询C、多表查询，单表查询，交叉表查询，参数查询和动作查询D、选择查询，统计查询，参数查询，SQL查询和动作查询23.不属于窗体的组成部分的是：（）A、页眉B、页脚C、OLE字段D、主体24.不属于报表的组成部分的是：（）A、组页眉/组页脚B、页面页眉/页面页角C、报表页眉/报表页角D、按钮25.设计学生成绩报表时，为使得每个学生信息显示在其成绩上方，可把该内容放到：（）A、主体B、页眉C、页脚D、组页眉26.打开窗体的正确宏操作命令是：（）A、OpenFormB、SetDataC、SetWarningsD、SetValue27.要修改表的基本结构，使用的SQL语句是：( )A、SelectB、InsertC、UpdateD、Alter28.结构化程序设计所规定的三种基本控制结构是（）A、输入、处理、输出B、树形、网形、环形C、顺序、选择、循环D、主程序、子程序、函数29.数据库中的表可以导出到那里：（）A、文本文件B、ExcelC、WordD、以上三种都可以30.设置数据库的用户密码时，应该用什么方式打开数据库：（）A、只读B、独占只读C、独占D、共享二、简答题（每题5分，共30分）1.试简述数据处理过程中，数据管理技术发展的各个阶段的特点。

06级高职本数据库系统原理期终考卷A答案

漳州师范学院计算机科学与工程系06 高职本专业06 级本科班《数据库系统原理》课程期末考试卷（A）（2006～2007学年度第一学期）一、选择题:(每个选择1.5 分,共33分)1.关系数据库用①D来表示实体间的联系，其任何检索操作的实现都是由②B三种基本操作组合而成。

① A.层次模型 B.网状模型 C. 指针链 D.表格② A. 选择﹑投影和扫描 B. 选择﹑投影和连接C. 选择﹑运算和投影D. 选择﹑投影和比较2.关系数据库中的码是指D。

A. 能唯一性的属性B.不能改动的专用保留字C. 关键的重要的字段D. 能唯一标识元组的属性或属性集合3.在一个关系R中,如果存在着主属性对码的部分函数依赖或传递函数依赖,则该关系R一定不是A, 但其最高范式可能是B。

A. BCNFB.3NFC.1NFD.2NF4.在第一范式关系R中,如果不存在非主属性对码的部分函数依赖和传递函数依赖,则该关系R一定是D。

A. BCNFB.2NFC.1NFD.3NF5.在查询优化中最重要的一条是A。

A.选择运算应尽可能先做B.投影和选择运算同时进行C.把某些选择同在它前面要执行的笛卡尔积结合起来成为一个连接运算D.把投影同其前或后的双目运算结合起来。

１6.数据库中数据的逻辑独立性是指B。

A.用户的应用程序与存储在磁盘上的数据库中的数据是相互独立的B.用户的应用程序与数据库中数据的全局逻辑结构相互独立的C.用户的应用程序与数据库管理系统（DB M S）是相互独立的D.数据库与数据库管理系统（DB M S）是相互独立7.数据模型讨论的是A, 关系模式讨论的是B, 而模式规范化讨论的是低级范式操作时存在的问题及C。

A.实体及实体之间的联系B.属性之间的依赖关系C.从低级范式向高级范式如何转化及优化的问题D.实体与属性之间的联系8．数据库系统发生事务故障时采用A办法来恢复。

A. 撤消该事务(UNDO)B.重做所有提交的事务（REDO）C.上述二者都是9.从E-R模型向关系数据模型转换时，每个实体都要转换成一个B, 模式的属性为实体的属性, 模式的键为A。

06级数据库A卷答案

东莞理工学院《数据库系统原理II》（A卷）参考答案与评分表准2008－2009学年第二学期一、单项选择题（本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。

错选、多选或未选均无分1．A2．C3．C4．B5．D6．D7．D8．A9．B10．D11．A12．C13．B14．D15．B二、填空题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）请在每小题的空格中填上正确答案。

错填、不填均无分。

16．逻辑17．集合18．结构化查询语言19．持久性20．包含21．备份（后备副本）22．3NF23．共享锁（读锁）24．数据加密25．隔离性三、简答题（每小题5分，共10分）26．试述数据模型的概念、数据模型的作用和数据模型的三要素。

数据模型是对现实世界数据特征的抽象，可把现实世界转化为计算机能够处理的数据，包括数据结构、数据操作和完整性约束三部分。

27．请简述数据库应用设计分为哪几个阶段，每个阶段的任务、内容。

需求分析，获取用户的功能、性能等方面的具体要求；概念设计，通过一种数据模型（ER模型）将要处理的数据对象及其之间的关系表示出来；逻辑结构设计，将上一阶段的抽象数据模型转化为计算机支持的数据模型（关系模型、面向对象模型）；物理结构设计，选择一种数据库产品实现逻辑设计的成果；数据库实施阶段，装入数据、数据库试运行；数据库运行和维护，性能检测、转储/恢复、数据库重组和重构。

四、应用题（共50分）28．设有关系模式Ｒ(U，F)，其中U={A,B,C,D,E},Ｆ＝｛A →BC, C→D,BC→E,E →A｝，则判断分解：ρ＝｛R1(ABCE),R2(CD)｝是否具有无损连接性，是否保持函数依赖。

要求给出证明过程。

∵R1∩R2=C，R2-R1=D∴R1∩R2 (R2-R1)∴分解ρ＝｛R1(ABCE),R2(CD)｝具有无损连接性。

（5分）F在R1上的投影为Ｆ1＝｛A →BC, BC→E,E →A｝，F2在R2上的投影为Ｆ＝｛C →D｝∵F1∪F2=F∴分解具有依赖保持性。

2006-2007(二)数据库试卷A

华南理工大学期末考试《数据库》试卷A1. 考前请将密封线内各项信息填写清楚；所有答案请直接答在试卷上(或答题纸上)；．考试形式：闭卷；选择题（共20小题，每小题1分，共20分, 请将答案填在下表内）、数据库（DB ），数据库系统（DBS ）和数据库管理系统（DBMS ）之间的关系是（）。

A. DBS 包括DB 和DBMSB. DBMS 包括DB 和DBSC. DB 包括DBS 和DBMSD. DBS 就是DB ，也就是DBMS、用户或应用程序看到的那部分局部逻辑结构和特征的描述是（）。

A. 模式 B. 物理模式 C. 子模式 D. 内模式、区分不同实体的依据是（）。

A. 名称B. 属性C. 对象D. 概念、假设有关系R 和S ，关系代数表达式R －（R －S ）表示的是（）。

A. R ∩SB. R ∪SC. R －SD. R×S、在视图上不能完成的操作是（）。

A. 更新视图 B. 查询C. 在视图上定义新的表D.在视图上定义新的视图6、设关系数据库中一个表S的结构为S（SN，CN，grade），其中SN为学生名，CN为课程名，二者均为字符型；grade为成绩，数值型，取值范围0－100。

若要把“张二的化学成绩80分”插入S中，则可用（）。

A. ADD INTO S VALUES（’张三’，’化学’，’80’）B.INSERT INTO S VALUES（’张三’，’化学’，’80’）C. ADD INTO S VALUES（’张三’，’化学’，80）D. INSERT INTO S VALUES（’张三’，’化学’，80）7、消除了部分函数依赖的1NF的关系模式，必定是（）。

A.1NFB.2NFC.3NFD.BCNF8、X→Y，当下列哪一条成立时，称为平凡的函数依赖（）。

A.X ∈YB.Y∈XC.X∩Y＝ΦD.X∩Y≠Φ9、以下（）不属于实现数据库系统安全性的主要技术和方法。

06级应用光学试卷(A)

广东工业大学试卷用纸共 3 页，第页广东工业大学试卷用纸共 3 页，第页3、某照相机可拍摄最近距离为1m ，装上1个焦距为f '=500mm 的近拍镜后，能拍摄的最近距离是 m 。

（假设近拍镜和照相镜头密接）4、“入射光瞳”是指孔径光阑在系统所成的像。

三、作图题（总20分）1、（本题12分）要求用直尺、铅笔将下列光路图中的像画出来。

三（1）题图2、（本题4分）在下图三（2） (a)中标出像的方向；画出(b)中的棱镜展开图a) b)三（2）题图四、计算题（总44分）答题纸不够可写背面，请注明题号 1、（本题12分）已知一个透镜的两个表面的半径分别是r 1＝50mm ，r 2＝-10mm ，厚度d ＝5mm ，折射率n ＝1.5163，求它的像方焦距和像方主平面位置。

（提示：焦距公式为：])1()()[1('1221d n r r n n r nr f -+--=，主点位置公式为：广东工业大学试卷用纸共 3 页，第页广东工业大学试卷参考答案及评分标准 ( A )课程名称: 应用光学。

考试时间: 2008 年 7 月 2 日 (第 19 周星期 3 )一、选择题（每小题4分，总20分）将所选正确答案对应的字母填写在下列对应题号的括号中，多选、不选或者选错均不给分1、[ B ]2、[ C ]3、[ D ]4、[ A ]5、[ A ]二、填空题（每小题4分，总16分）将答案填写在对应题号的空白横线上。

1、130；2、大于等于8 ；3、333.33mm或者0.3333m ；4、物空间。

三、作图题（总20分）1、（本题12分）要求用直尺和铅笔将光路图中的焦点位置和物面、象面等标画出来或者每小题3分，虚物虚像的要用虚线表示，作图不完善的酌情扣分。

2、(每小题4分)广东工业大学试卷用纸共 3 页，第页广东工业大学试卷用纸共 3 页，第页四、计算题（总35分）答题纸不够可写背面（请注明题号）1、（本题12分）解：按照焦点公式将r 1、r 2和d 代入可以得到：]55163.0)60(5163.1[52.0)10(505163.1])1()()[1('1221⨯+-⨯⨯-⨯⨯=-+--=d n r r n n r nr f ＝16.49（mm ） (6分) 象方主点位置为5656.05)15163.1()60(5163.1510)1()('122-=⨯-+-⨯⨯=-+--=d n r r n d r l H （mm ）（6分） 2、（本题10分）由远点距离是1/(-2.5)=-0.4(m) (5分) 佩戴上100度的近视镜后，其远点距离变为1/(-2.5+1)=-2/3 (m)或者-0.667m （5分）3、（本题10分）由棱镜展开图如下（画图得1分）：D 0=2f '×tg ω =14 (mm) （3分） D 为棱镜的尺寸，D=D 0+(D 1-D 0)×(f '-a 1)/ f ' =16.25(mm)，（3分）棱镜等效空气层厚度为：e =D/n =10.83(mm) （2分）像面位置：a 0=30-e =19.17mm （1分）4、（本题12分）解：在均匀照明的情况下，照明区域内接受的总光通量为157)1(502≈⨯⨯==ΦπES （流明）（4分）照明区间的平均发光强度是31085.702.0157''⨯==ΩΦ=I (坎德拉) （2分）灯泡的发光强度是 25.1968.0157==ΩΦ=I （坎德拉）（2分）灯泡发出的总光通量是24654≈=ΦI π总（流明）（2分）若采用钨丝灯照明，其光视效能K ＝15流明/瓦特，则灯泡的功率是33.164152465≈=Φ=ΦK e 总（瓦特）（2分）。

最新06级数据库A卷