三 介词提前的定语从句
定语从句中介词+关系词
“介词+关系词”的用法1、关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语时，介词常可以提前,但介词提前时,关系代词只能用which 或whom.如:The school （that/which) he once studied in is very famous.→The school in which he once studied is very famous。
Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine （that/which）you asked for.→Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked。
We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who）we have often talked about。
→We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.2、关系副词when, where, why 和介词+which之间的关系。
关系副词when, where，why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。
介词的位置非常灵活，有时放在关系代词之前，有时放在动词之后。
如：when=in/on/at…+which, where=in/on/at…+which， why=for+which 如:I won’t forget the date when( on which）I was born.This is the room where （in which) I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.I don’t know the reason why （for which) he hasn’t come today.Tom still remembers the days when （in which）they lived in Tianjin。
定语从句中的介词可提前的全部情况
定语从句中的介词可提前的全部情况关系代词whom或which在定语从句中作介词宾语时,介词可放在后面,也可提前构成介词+关系代词whom (先行词指人)/which(先行词指物)引导定语从句(这种方法更为正式)。
例: Mary is the girl whom I borrowed a book from. = Mary is the girl from whom I borrowed a book. 玛丽就是我向她借书的那个女孩。
Is this the room that/which he once lived in? = Is this the room in which he once lived? 这是他曾经住过的房子吗?常见的有以下几种情况:1. where=in/on which 例:This is the room where / in which he lives.这是他住的房间。
I can see the playground where / on which they do sports.我能看见他们进行运动的操场。
2. when= on/in/at which 例:I still remember the year when/ in which I joined the Party.我仍然记得入党的那一年。
I still remember the day when/on which I joined the Party. 我仍然记得入党的那一天。
I still remember the hour when/at which the rocket was launched.我仍然记得那个火箭发射的时刻。
3. why=for which 例:This is the reason why / for which he was killed.这是他被杀害的原因。
但下列情况下介词不能提前:⑴用who代替whom,用that代替which时,介词不能提前。
定语从句不用that的情况
定语从句不用that的情况定语从句不用that的情况定语从句中比较容易处理方面是，定语从句中“that”多可省略，表现为关系代词作宾语的情况，下面是店铺给大家整理的定语从句不用that的情况的相关内容，希望能给你带来帮助!（一）定语从句不用that的情况1、不能用that的情况介词前置时；非限定性定语从句中先行词本身是that多用who，不用that的情况先行词为anyone，one，ones时；先行词为those，he和people时；这些词代替指人，whom在定语从句中指人，"who"和“that”既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略,who作宾语变为whom），that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物。
在从句中所起作用如下：（1）Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那个想见你的男人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语）（2）He is the man （whom/that） I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见到的那个人。
（whom/that在从句中作宾语）（3）The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 刚刚和你说话的那个男人是我们的英语老师。
（whom在从句中作宾语）注：who在定语从句中指人，作主语和宾语，作宾语时可省略；做及物动词或介词的宾语，可省略。
which，that 用来指物（有六种情况只可用that而不用which）(用作主语、宾语，作宾语时可以省略），例如：（1）The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in the countryside.农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。
（which/that在从句中作主语）（2）The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那个包裹快要散开了。
三 介词提前的定语从句
三介词提前的定语从句（介词+关系代词+……）1 关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句可有：介词+ which\whom 引出。
如：1）Great changes are taking place in the city which they live in .Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.2) The film which I’m speaking of is to be shown next week.The film of which I’m speaking is to be shown next week.3. This is the teacher whom I’ve learnt a lot from.This is the teacher from whom I’ve learnt a lot.4. The man whom we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.The man whom to whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.5. The situation which we had got into was very dangerous.The situation into which we had got was very dangerous.6 The policeman whom Mr Henry is talking with is a friend of mine.The police man with whom Mr Henry is talking is a friend of mine.定语从句之关系副词一关系副词引导的定语从句1.When 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time, day , hour, year 等）。
介词提前的定语从句
介词提前的定语从句在英语语法中，定语从句是一种常用的句子结构，用于修饰名词或代词。
它通过引导词（关系代词或关系副词）与先行词之间的关系来提供进一步的信息。
在定语从句中，我们通常将引导词放在句子的末尾。
然而，在某些情况下，我们可以将介词提前到定语从句的引导词之前，以达到一种更加自然和流畅的表达方式。
介词提前的定语从句的常见情况是在关系代词之前加上介词。
这样做的好处是使句子更加简洁明了，并且可以避免使用复杂的介词短语结构。
例如：1.The book on which I'm reading is very interesting.→The book I'm reading is very interesting.（我正在读的那本书非常有趣。
）2.The girl with whom I went to the party is my best friend.→The girl I went to the party with is my best friend.（我和她一起去参加派对的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
）3.The restaurant in which we had dinner last night was expensive.→The restaurant we had dinner in last night was expensive.（我们昨晚吃饭的那家餐厅很贵。
）通过将介词提前，我们可以使句子更加简洁，并且更符合日常口语的表达习惯。
这种结构在口语和书面语中都非常常见，而且能够帮助我们更好地理解句子的含义。
需要注意的是，不是所有的介词都可以提前到定语从句的引导词之前。
只有一些常见的介词，如with、in、on、for等可以进行提前。
而其他一些介词，如to、at、from等则不能进行提前。
因此，在使用介词提前的定语从句时，我们需要根据具体的语境和常用表达习惯来判断是否适用。
(完整版)定语从句语法详解
定语从句语法专题（Attributive Clauses）教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl（who got the first prize.）girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as（主, 宾, 定）关系副词: when, where, why.（状语）2.关系词的作用:（1）引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；（2）代替先行词在句中充当成分。
高三英语一轮复习定语从句学案
高三英语一轮复习定语从句学案语法学案高三英语备课组高考定语从句复习学案一,概念:在复合句中～修饰某一_________或_________的从句～叫定语从句1. _______词:定语从句所修饰的词2. 引导词:(1) 关系______词: who, whom, whose, which, that, as(2) 关系______词: where, when, why 3. 关系词常有3个作用:?引导定语从句 ?代替先行词。
?在定语从句中担当一个________。
4. 关系代词作主语、宾语、表语或定语,whose,～作_______时可省略,关系副词作状语～一般不省略二,定语从句的种类定语从句可分为两类:________定语从句和__________定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开～修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词,非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开～可以修饰主句中的某一个词～也可修饰整个句子。
非限制性定语从句不能用______引导～引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。
把下列句子翻译成中文:His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him._____________________________China is a country which has a long history.________________________________________三,定语从句的热门考点1. 定语从句关系词的选用,详见表格,,2. 只能that或which的情况,3. which和as的区别,4. whose 用法及转换形式,5. 介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位臵(介词短语和动词短语),6. 定语从句中的特殊情况。
四,关系代词和关系副词的作用正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。
关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。
定语从句介词提前用法
定语从句介词提前用法定语从句是英语中非常重要的一种语法结构，它可以用来修饰名词或代词，进一步描述或限定其所指的对象。
而介词提前则是定语从句中常用的一种表达方式，它可以使句子更加简洁明了，也更符合英语语言的表达习惯。
介词提前的用法可以通过以下例句来理解：1. The book on the table, which I borrowed from the library, is very interesting.这句话中，介词on被提前到定语从句的开头，修饰名词table。
定语从句的主语是I，谓语是borrowed，关系代词which指代的是book。
2. The girl in the red dress, whom I met yesterday, is my new neighbor.这句话中，介词in被提前到定语从句的开头，修饰名词dress。
定语从句的主语是I，谓语是met，关系代词whom指代的是girl。
3. The man with the beard, whose car was stolen, reported thetheft to the police.这句话中，介词with被提前到定语从句的开头，修饰名词beard。
定语从句的主语是car，谓语是was stolen，关系代词whose指代的是man。
通过以上例句可以看出，介词提前的用法可以使定语从句更加简洁明了，同时也可以使句子的语气更加自然流畅。
在实际应用中，我们可以根据需要灵活运用介词提前的用法，使句子更加优美。
除了介词提前，定语从句还有其他的表达方式，比如关系代词的省略、关系代词的替换等。
在使用定语从句时，我们需要注意以下几点：1. 关系代词的选择：在定语从句中，关系代词的选择要根据其在从句中所扮演的角色来确定。
比如，主语要用who或that，宾语要用whom或that，所有格要用whose等。
2. 关系代词的位置：在定语从句中，关系代词的位置要放在从句中所修饰的名词或代词之后，这样才能清晰地表达出其所指代的对象。
定语从句语法归纳
高一定语从句语法归纳及练习一、语法知识归纳一、基本概念（一）定语从句在复合句中作定语，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
（二）先行词被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
一般情况下，定语从句紧跟先行词。
但也有因各种原因定语从句与先行词被分割的现象。
（三）关系代词和关系副词定语从句的引导词。
与先行词关系密切，因此紧跟先行词，并在定语从句中充当一个成分。
关系代词有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充当关系代词。
关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语和定语。
关系副词有：when, where和why。
在定语从句中充当状语。
二、关系代词的用法（一）基本用法根据先行词的不同，和在从句中所充当的成分不同，选用不同的关系代词。
例如：（注意关系代词在定语从句中所充当的成分）①Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主语）②I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主语）③The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作宾语）④This is the new secretary (who/whom/that)I would like to introduce to you. （作宾语）⑤The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定语）注意：关系代词在定语从句中充当宾语时可以省略，充当主语时则不能。
（见上例③④）（二）关系代词that代替which的一些情况which, that 在代替物时，一般可以通用。
定语从句动词词组
This is the room where / in which I was born.
限制性定语从句中the reason for which (why )…
非限制性定语从句中用 for which, 而不用 why
— Yes，there's one point ____ we must insist on．(江西)
A．why B．where C．how D．不填
4．D。作 宾语，可以省略。
5．we're just trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk．(山东) A．where B．that C．when D．which
Whoever comes will be warmly welcome. =Anyone who comes will be warmly
welcome. I will give you whatever I have. =I will give you anything that I have.
He is the only person that I want to talk to. 先行词既有人又有物时 They talked of
the things and persons that they remembered in the school.
难点 5: when; where, why 均可以用介词+which替换,
13. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ____ effects the people are still suffering．(天津) A．that B．whose C．those D．what
定语从句常见知识点总结
定语从句常见知识点总结一、定语从句的构成定语从句由一个连词引导，紧跟着一个主句。
在英语中，关系代词和关系副词通常用于引导定语从句。
关系代词包括：who, whom, whose, which, that等；而关系副词包括：when, where, why等。
下面是一些例句：The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.穿红裙子的女孩是我妹妹。
The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.我昨天买的那本书很有趣。
二、关系代词和关系副词的用法1. 关系代词who, whom, whose, which, that的用法who用来引导表示人的定语从句，作主语或宾语。
whom用来引导表示人的定语从句，作宾语。
whose用来引导表示人的定语从句，表示所属关系。
which用来引导表示物的定语从句，作主语或宾语。
that用来引导表示人或物的定语从句，作主语或宾语。
2. 关系副词when, where, why的用法when用来引导表示时间的定语从句。
where用来引导表示地点的定语从句。
why用来引导表示原因的定语从句。
下面是一些例句：The time when we met is unforgettable.我们相识的时刻是令人难忘的。
This is the place where I was born.这就是我出生的地方。
That's the reason why she left early.这就是她提前离开的原因。
三、常见的定语从句用法1. 修饰人的定语从句定语从句可以用来修饰人，常见于这些情况：先行词为人的名词，如：teacher, friend, brother, sister等。
例如：The woman who is standing over there is my English teacher.站在那边的女人是我的英语老师。
定语从句(介词前置)(新)
Exs:
whom 1.Do you know the girl to ______ Mrs Hu is speaking? 1.Do you know the girl to ______ Mrs Hu is speaking? to whom 2.The lady ______ my son spoke just now is my class teacher 2.The lady ______ my son spoke just now is my class teacher.
where = 介词 which 介词+
when = 介词 介词+which why = 介词 介词+which
Look at the following sentences:
1) This is the house which Lu Xun lived in. (可以把介词“in”提前 in which ) 可以把介词“ 提前 提前: 可以把介词 ---- This is the house in which Lu Xun lived. (还可以用 还可以用where 可代替 which) 可代替in 还可以用 ---- This is the house where Lu Xun lived.
which 3.I will never forget the day on _____ I became a doctor. 3.I will never forget the day on _____ I became a doctor whom 4.She is the student to ______ we want to talk. 4.She is the student to ______ we want to talk.
定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类其难点主要在
定语从句是高中英语三大类从句中最难的一类，其难点主要在于很多学生在学习时分不清先行词，不能正确使用关系代词、关系副词。
因此在学习定语从句时，务必搞清定语从句的概念、关系词的正确选择和使用情况等。
2018年高考定语从句的考查还将是对关系代词和关系副词的考查。
对定语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。
定语从句是高考的热点，对于定语从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：1.引导限制性定语从句的关系词；2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系词；3.限制性与非限制性定语从句的区别；4.介词+关系代词的用法；5.不定代词/数词+of which/whom引导的非限制性定语从句及其该结构与并列句的判断；6.关系词之间的异同现象及选用。
考点1：关系代词一览表关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talkingwith your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用that whom 人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I amworkingThe boy (whom) she loved died in thewar.whose 人，物定语I like those books whose topics are abouthistory.The boy whose father works abroad ismy desk mate.that 人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to seevery much.考向预测考点定位which 物主语宾语The book (which) I gave you was worth$10.The picture which was about theaccident was terrible.as 人，物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by allof us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when 时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we metthere.可用onwhich where 地点地点状语This is the house where I was born. 可用in which why 原因原因状语I can’t imagine the reason why he turneddown my offer.可用forwhich【典例】In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of ________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. whichB. itsC. whoseD. whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。
大学英语语法之定语从句
是表示“时间/地点/原因”的名词。
02
定语从句的分类
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最本质的区别在于前面的先行词的范围是否明确， 是否需要修饰限定。
would pay, … (2010) 12. But the regular time it takes to get a doctoral degree in the
humanities is nine years. (2011)
关系词在定语从句中作宾语时（及物动词后的宾语或介词后的宾语）， 可以省略。
2. Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. (2006)
8. But there are few places w__h_e__reclients have more grounds for complain than America. (2014)
9. That’s one reason _w__h_y_ we have launched Arc, a new publication
二的，e.g. the Great Wall, mother, father, the universe…，此时 要使用非限定性定语从句； 2. 先行词范围“相对明确”，也就是说根据上下文可以判断这个名 词的范围是否明确，此时也可以使用非限制性定语从句
江苏高中英语语法总结
牛津高中英语----模块一第一单元定语从句一、定语从句：定语从句的介绍1．就像是一个形容词或介词短语修饰名词一样，定语从句也可以修饰名词。
定语从句所修饰的名词称为先行词。
形容词：The green team介词短语：The team in green定语从句：The team who were wearing green2．定语从句通常由关系代词来引导，如which, that, who, whom, whose，或关系副词来引导，如when, where, why。
关系代词可以在定语从句中担当主语，宾语，表语，定语；关系副词可以在定语从句中担当状语。
如：做主语The trees which are on the school campus have lost their leaves.做宾语The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表语Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定语She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.做状语The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.二、定语从句：关系代词：that，which，who，whom，和whose1．在定语从句中，that和which用来指代物。
如：This is the story that /which we wrote for our storytelling contest.2．在定语从句中，who 用来指代人。
如：I am going to see a friend who has just come back from the UK.3．当who在定语从句中做宾语时，可以用whom来取代，且whom比who更正式。
2023年统考版高考英语总复习语法部分专题四并列句、三大从句和特殊句式 第八讲定语从句和名词性从句
①We will put off the picnic in the park until next week， when the weather may be better.
我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周，届时天气可能会更好。 ②Students should involve themselves in community activities where
答案与解析：where 考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从 句，先行词为campaign，空格处在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
4.[2020·江苏卷]Many lessons are now available online， from students can choose for free.
1.关系代词的基本用法
关系代词 who whom which that whose as
先行词 人 人 物
人或物 人或物 人或物
在从句中的作用 主语、宾语 宾语 主语、宾语
主语、宾语、表语 定语
主语、宾语、表语
①[2020·天津卷]Dr. Rowan， whose secretary resigned two weeks ago， has had to do all his own typing.罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在 只能自己打字。
3.[2020·天津卷]
is described in Paragraph 4， taking a small kid to
a half－hour Story Time allows the parent to enjoy quiet reading.
1．答案与解析：which 考查定语从句。句意：由于降雨量的大量增加，河流 充满了水，这就产生了美味的鱼和虾。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词指代
定语从句与名词性从句的互换
定语从句与名词性从句的互换一、定语从句和名词性从句由于表达意思的需要,有时可以互相转换.大致有下面三种情况：〔1〕定语从句与表语从句的互换That's the thing that we're worrying about.〔定语从句〕That's what we're worrying about.〔表语从句〕那就是我们正在担忧的事.Thisisthewayshedid it.〔定语从句〕Thisishowshedidit.〔表语从句〕这就是她做这件事的方法.This is the reason why we must go now.〔定语从句〕Thisiswhywe must gonow.〔表语从句〕这就是我们现在该走的理由.Thatistheplace whereXiao Lin wasborn.〔定语从句〕That is where Xiao Lin was born.〔表语从句〕那就是小林出生的地方.〔2〕定语从句与宾语从句的互换Idon't knowthereason whyshe is so happy.〔定语从句〕Idon't knowwhyshe is sohappy.〔宾语从句〕我不知道她为什么这样快乐.Heshowed metheplace wherehe used to live.〔定语从句〕Heshowed mewhere he usedto live.〔宾语从句〕他带我看了他曾经住过的地方.Do you know the date when Wuhan was liberated 〔定语从句〕Do you know when Wuhan was liberated〔宾语从句〕11 你知道武汉是什么时候解放的吗〔3〕定语从句与主语从句的互换The thing that we need is more time.〔定语从句〕What we need is more time.〔主语从句〕我们所需要的是更多的时间.The time when they will start out has not been decided yet.〔定语从句〕When they will start out has not been decided yet.〔主语从句〕他们什么时候动身还没有决定下来.The reason why he did it wasn't quite clear.〔定语从句〕Why he did it wasn't quite clear.〔主语从句〕他为什么做那件事还不很清楚.The place where she lives is not known yet.〔定语从句〕Where she lives is not known yet.〔主语从句〕她住在什么地方,大家还不知道.二、学习定语从句应注意的几个问题〔1〕定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性定语从句中关系代词一般应与它所指代的先行词的单复数保持主谓一致.例如：The students who were here just now are from No,2 Senior Middle School.但注意以下一组句子：Heistheonly one of the studentswho was herejust now.Heisoneof the students who werehere just now.如果"one of +复数名词"后跟有定语从句,一般情况下"one of"后的复数名词为先行词,但当one前有the only,the very,just the修饰时,先行词那么为one.22 (2)定语从句与强调结构It is the place where they lived before.第一个句子为定语从句,where指代the place,在定语从句中作状语,第二个句子为强调结构,强调in the place,that没有意义,把in the place放回后面句子,句子意思完整.Where is it that he found the lost watch(强调句型,强调疑问副词 where).Where is the watch that he found yesterday.(定语从句,that 指代 the watch) (3)定语从句与并列结构He has two sons,neither of whom looks like him.He has two sons.and neither of them 100ks like him.I've got two of them are in Shanghai.第一个句子为定语从句,关系代词whom指代two sons,在定语从句中作介词of的宾语.第二个句子为并列结构,由并列连词and连接,人称代词them指代two sons.第三个为两个独立的句子,两个句子中间用句号,两句开头的处一个字母都大写.(4)定语从句与状语从句Hefoundthebookswhere he hadput.Hefoundthebooksin the placewherehe had put.第—个句子为状语从句,where hehadput作主句He found thebooks的地点状语.第二个句子为定语从句,where引导从句修饰the place.This is such an interestingbookthat I'd like to readit.This is such an interestingbookas I'd like to read.第一个句子为结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中,it指代book,作read的宾语.第二个句子为定语从句,关系代词as指代先行词book的定语从句中read的宾语.(5)定语从句中的先行词33Is this book the one that you bought yesterdayIs this the book that you bought yesterday第一个句子中,this book是主句的主语,the one是先行词.在第二个句子中this 是主句的主语,the book是先行词.一定要防止出现：Is this book that you bought yesterday 〔6〕定语从句与同位语从句名词,它对其前面的词给予说明或作进一步解释,即说明该词所表示的具体内容.例如：The news that we heard is not true.〔定语从句〕The news that he won the prize is not true.〔同位语从句〕另：在"have no idea+从句〞结构中,其从句都作idea的同位语.例如：I have no idea when she will be back.三、把握定语从句中的时空概念在定语从句的运用中,当其先行词表示时间或空间概念时,有些学生很容易想当然地用关系副词when或where引导,而没有具体情况具体处理.所以,应注意以下几点.〔1〕从逻辑意义上讲,只有从句中的谓语动词与该先行词构成动状〔时间、地点〕关系时, 才能用when或where引导从句；或视不同情况以prep.+which代之.例如： 1、 This is the country where/in which Edison was born.〔动状关系〕2、I'll never forget the year when/in which the terrible earthquake happened.〔动状关系〕3、England was one of the places from which the settlers moved to America.〔动状关系〕〔2〕从逻辑意义上看,当从句中的谓语动词与该类先行词有主谓关系或动宾关系时,那么以which/that 或 prep.+which 引导从句.4、Please follow the custom of the country which/that you are going44to visit.〔动宾关系〕5、For ever I'll remember the year that/which brought me happy memory.〔主谓关系〕6、He is going to work in Tibet which/that is far away from HebeiProvince.〔主谓关系〕〔3〕从逻辑意义上讲,当从句中作主语的名词与先行词存在所属关系时,那么用词whose.8、Generally,we refer to the time whose speed is unchanged.〔所属关系〕浅述主动式定语从句的简化一、定语从句简化英语表达方式是相当灵活的,为了表达言简意赅,使表达简洁明快,常用一定的语法手段把句子加以简化,定语从句被简化成简单句就是常见的一种.下面简单谈谈主动式定语从句简化的几种情况.〔1〕定语从句中的关系代词为从句主语,其谓语动词是现在进行时,可以用现在分词短语来简化.例如：The man who is teaching us English now graduated from Hubei Univ ersity three years ago.-->The man teaching us...现在教我们英语的老师三年前毕业于湖北大学.但是,如果定语从句动词之后没有介词作状语时,现在分词常置于中央词之前.例如: The countries which are developing should get united.-->The developing countries should...开展中的国家应该团结起来.〔2〕把定语从句简化为现在分词短语有以下几个条件.1、从句的动词和主句的动作的时态的一致.例如：55My father used to work for the neighbours that lived here.--> ...the neighbours living here.我父亲过去常给住在这儿的邻居干活儿.2、从句谓语的动作可以发生在主句谓语动作之前.例如：Can you catch the early bus which will leave at 6:00 this morni ng你能赶上今天早晨六点钟离开的早班汽车吗3、从句和主句的动词和动作都是泛指的.例如：China is a developing country which belongs to the third world.--> ...country belonging to the third world.中国是一个属于第三世界的开展中国家.4、从句谓语动作一发生,主句谓语动词的动作紧接着发生.例如：The man who stole into the bank was caught immediately on the s pot.-->The man stealing into...溜进银行偷窃的那个人被立即当场逮住.(3)如果定语从句中是连系动词be的一般现在时或一般过去时,且表语是介词短语,形容词短语或名词短语,可以把它们简化作中央词的后置定语.例如：The farmers had to fetch water from a river which was a mile a way from the village.-->...a river a mile away from the village.家民们得从离村子一里路远的河里取来水.66The students who were from the Middle School have gathered.--> The students from the Middle school...来自十四中的学生集合好了.(4)定语从句的谓语是表示程度、时间和方式等的副词或副词短语修饰语,可用副词和现在分词(两者之间用连字号)作中央词的前置修饰语.例如：This is a man who works hard.-->This is a hard-working man.这是一位勤奋工作的人.(5)如果定语从句的动词是一个普通名词作宾语时,可用名词和现在分词(二者之间须用连字号)作定语来简化.例如：ThesouthofHubeiisan area whichgrowsrice.TheSorthofHubeiisa rice-growingarea.(6)定语从句中有一系列并列形容词作表语,可简化成简单句,形容词变成中央词的前置定语.例如：A person who is gentle,lovable and familiar is always easy to ge t along with.-->A gentle,lovable and familiar person is always...一位温和,可爱和熟悉的人总是容易相处.(7)如果定语从句的谓语动词与中央词有逻辑上的动宾关系,动状关系和主谓关系时,可以简化成不定式短语作中央词的后置定语.例如：He is a good student with whom you can study.-->...student to study with.他是一位能一起学习的好学生.(8)如果定语从句中有have加宾语被形容词修饰时,可以简化成with短语中央词的后置定语,也可以简化成名词加-ed作前置定语.例如:a girl who has blue eyes——>a girl with blue >a blue-eyed girl二、定语从句典型错误例析1.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth.The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put into my mouth.【析】上句应由关系代词that或which在定语从句中作宾语,已省去.因此, 从句中的宾语it多余.又如:Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland,where he was buried there in 1977Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland,where he was buried in 1977.2.【误】I,who is a Chinese,will do my best for our country.【正】I ,who am a Chinese,will do my best for our country.【析】定语从句中谓语动词的形式应依据先行词的人称和数来确定,保持主谓一致.如: ①Mike is one of the students who know the truth.〔先行词为 students〕②88Mike is the only one of the students who knows the truth.(先行词为the only one)3.【误】All what you have done is not necessary.which you have done is not necessary.【误】Allthat you have done is not necessary.【正】Allwhat 领先行词是不定代词(all,something,anything,nothing,everything 等), 或先行词受形容词最高级,序数词或last,very等词修饰时,关系代词常用that而不用which.如：①This is the most interesting film that have ever seen.They asked him to tell them everything that he saw in the factory.4.【误】I don't know the man with who my brother is talking.【正】I don't know the man with whom my brother is talking.【析】定语从句中,如介词提前,指人时只用whom,指物时只用which:如:The two things about which Marx was not sure were grammar and some of the idioms.5.【误】 He is the very person for whom I am looking.【正】 He is the very person who (whom) I am looking for.【析】有些定语从句中的介词不能提前,如提前从句动词的意义会改变. take care of,look up,look forward to,ask for,make up等短语动词均属此列. 6.China Daily has plenty of advertisements,that help to cut the costsof making the newspaper.China Daily has plenty of advertisements,which help to cut the costs of making the newspaper.【析】在非限制性定语从句中, 指物时用which,不用that.7.I can't remember the things and persons who I met at that time.I can't remember the things and persons that I met at that time.【析】先行词既有人又有物时,定语从句用that引导.定语从句误用辨析1. This is the factory where we visited last week.2. This is the watch for which Li Feng is looking.3. The person to who you spoke is a student of Grade Two.4. The house in that we live is very small.5. Everything which we saw was of great interest.6. I've read all the books which I borrowed from the libra ry.7. This is the best film which I have ever seen.8. My father and Mr Crosset talked of things and persons w ho they remembered in the school.9. This is the same bag like I lost yesterday.10. His dog,that was now very old,became ill and died.11. This is one of the reasons,why you may like to eat it.12. Those who wants to go with me put up your hands.13. The boy,his mother died,studies very hard.14. I have two sisters,both of them are doctors.15. We're going to visit the school where your brother works there16. The captain's head soon appeared out of the second storey wind ows,from which he could see nothing but trees.17. That is the way which they work.18.Those have questions can ask the teachers for advice.19.The news which a new English teacher will come makes us excited.20.As we all know it,he is American.辨析：1、将where改为that或which.定语从句关系代、副词的选择,一看先行词,二看其在从句中的成分.本句中visit是及物动词,which做其宾语.2、把for放在looking之后,当which做短语动词〔即动词和其介词不能分开〕的宾语时, 介词不前置.3、who改为whom,尽管在口语中who、whom都能做宾语,但在介词后只用whom.4、that应为which.that不做介宾.5、which改成that.领先行词有不定代词something,someone,all等时,由that充当关系代词,不用which.6、which 改为 that.领先行词被all,every,no,some,any,little等修饰时,用 that,不用which.7、which换成that.领先行词中有形容词的最高级、序数词,the only、the very等时, 只用that引导.8、who改为that.如果先行词既是人又有物时,那么用that引导定语从句.9、like改为as.领先行词里有the same,such时,用as引导限制性定语从句.10、which代that.that不引导非限制性定语从句.11、去掉逗号.why可以引导定语从句,但不能用于非限制性定语从句.12、wants改为want.定语从句的谓语动词的数应与先行词一致.13、his 改为 whose.14、them改为whom,由both of whom引导非限制定语,或去掉逗号,both大写.15、there多余,去掉.16、from which 改为 from where.which 只表示地点〔place〕,where〔n〕可表示地方, 空间〔space〕.111117、which 改为 that 或 in which. 18、在Those 后添上who,引导定语从句.19、which 改为that.本句是同位语从句,that 不做成分,只起引导作用. 20、去掉it.as 作know 的宾语,以"he is American 〞为先行词.历届高考英语单项选择题精选定语从句9) parents wouldn’t whom heard a terrible the dark street urn for help. let him marrywhosenoise, there wasn t whom anyone family was poor.brought her heart into her single person whom(8she mouth.(91)could t(92)weather expect.living turned out to be very goodwas more than we could(92)i nPairs for fifty years he returned to the smalltownhe grew .Carol personally A. it (99) up as said a child.(96)the work would be done by October. I doubt very much. 12127. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play,s.,of course A. whoI bought anpricepricehas alreadylived in English.the wallI metsmile.visitors tower.boss women.whichdon’twaymadeB. ancient beenLondonhung awhich himthe others unhappy.which(2000)Chinese vase pointed outfor 3 monthspicture,wasasked the guidedepartment Msthatlikeprice ofpricegrammarduringcolorfairly often,to take hisKing workedwhoseC. this D .whatwas very reasonable.whichofiswhosenot atimeis blue.I like hispicturetenset of dead rulehe learned somesweet and hopefulstands the famouyears ago look down uponyou speak to her.way in that way which way of whichhad neither a raincoat nor an umbrella I got wet through1313s the reason s whymade another wonderful discoveryof great importance to science. I think is I think it I think it is think which is was very rude to the customs officer, evenworse. of course made things KEYS: 1-5 DBDBB 6-10 DBCAB 11-15 ABBCA 16-18 BAD1414s why s how。
【原创】高中英语定语从句用法梳理
高中英语定语从句用法梳理一、什么是定语从句定义：在一个复合句中，跟在主句后修饰某一名词或代词（统称为先行词）的从句叫做定语从句(The Attributive Clause).被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(Antecedent).定语从句通常跟在先行词之后,由关系词(Relatives)引出.因此,定语从句又可称为关系分句. 定语从句主要分为非限制性定语从句和限制性定语从句。
二、关系词(1)关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, etc.(2)关系副词：when, where, why, etc.关系词既起着联系从句与主句的作用,又代替先行词在从句中担任一定的语法成分.如主句,宾语,定语,状语等.The woman who is standing by the classroom is our Chinese teacher.在此句中,the woman是先行词;关系代词who引导定语从句,同时代替先行词在从句中担任主语.This is the room where Bin Laden once lived.在此句中,the room是先行词;关系副词where引导定语从句并在从句中担任地点状语.三、关系代词引导定语从句1. Who:代替人.1) 做主语:The girl who plays the piano very well is his girlfriend.2) 做表语:She is no longer the woman who she used to be.3) 做宾语:I can't remember the man who I gave the key to.2. Whom:代替人.1) 做动词宾语:Where is the student whom Professor Nirth praised at the meeting?2) 做介词宾语:The girl with whom he was traveling is his girlfriend.注：在“介词提前”即“介词+关系代词”结构出现时，关系代词只能用whom 和which 。
2022年高考定语从句
★基础知识双向细目图★★高考考试双向细目表★考试内容教学专题命题内容考查频度考查方式弱中强选择完形阅读写作听力定语从句定语从句限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句介词提前的定语从句√关系词的使用★一对一教学起点★定语从句的基本概念及分类一、基本概念1．先行词被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词，定语从句必须放在先行词之后。
如：This is the engineer who will give us a talk．这就是要给我们讲课的工程师。
（who will give us a talk是定语从句，先行词是engineer。
）注意：有时先行词是在关系代词前的整个句子。
如：They sent my child to the school every morning，which I considered a great helpto me．他们每天上午送我的孩子上学，我认为这对我是极大的帮助。
（先行词是句子They sent my child to the school everymorning。
）2．关系词（1）关系代词的作用有三个a．连接作用：关系代词引导从句，把它和主句连接起来；b．替代作用：关系代词在从句中代替在它前面的先行词；c．成分作用：关系代词在从句中总是充当一个句子成分。
3．关系代词用法分类在定语从句中充当的成分非限定性定语从句限定性定语从句人事物其他人事物其他主语或者表语Whowhich that/whothat/which宾语who/whomwhich that/who/whomthat/which定语Whosewhose whosewhose状语When/where when/Where/whyThe man who has just left is my nephew．刚刚走的那个人是我的侄子。
（who为关系代词，指人，在句中做主语）The people whom you met in the hall yesterday are doctors.（2）关系副词where，when或why引导定语从句，在从句中用作状语，代替先行词分别表示地点、时间和原因。
inwhich,forwhich,onwhich,atwhich的不同用法
inwhich,forwhich,onwhich,atwhich的不同⽤法in which, for which, on which, at which的不同⽤法这些都是定语从句⾥⾯，由which引导的定语从句，介词提前。
in which可以翻译成在……⾥⾯for which可以翻译成为了……⽬的on which可以翻译成在……的上⾯，或具体时间的某⼀天at which可以翻译成在……⾥⾯或在……上⾯这些介词的使⽤除了意思上的区别，具体是要以which引导的从句⽽定的。
例如：(1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.= The school in which he once studied is very famous.(2) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.= Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(3) I have a dresser in my bedroom, which there are many cosmetics on.= I have a dresser in my bedroom on which there are many cosmetics.(4)The dumpling House which he often has dumplings at is very popular.= The dumpling House is very popular, at which he often has dumplings.当然这只是介词作为基本意思的⽤法，还有⼀些固定搭配，得具体情况具体分析。
例如：The plane may be several hours late, in which case there’s no point in our waiting.（固定搭配：in the case)The speaker paused to examine his notes, at which point a loud crash was heard.（固定搭配：at the point)Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight.（固定搭配：for the reason）The film at which I fell asleep was very boring.（Here "at which" is based on "fell asleep at the film"因为电影⽆聊⽽睡觉。
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三介词提前的定语从句（介词+关系代词+……）1 关系代词which, whom在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，从句可有：介词+ which\whom 引出。
如：1）Great changes are taking place in the city which they live in .Great changes are taking place in the city in which they live.2) The film which I’m speaking of is to be shown next week.The film of which I’m speaking is to be shown next week.3. This is the teacher whom I’ve learnt a lot from.This is the teacher from whom I’ve learnt a lot.4. The man whom we sent the present to is a doctor of laws.The man whom to whom we sent the present is a doctor of laws.5. The situation which we had got into was very dangerous.The situation into which we had got was very dangerous.6 The policeman whom Mr Henry is talking with is a friend of mine.The police man with whom Mr Henry is talking is a friend of mine.定语从句之关系副词一关系副词引导的定语从句1.When 表示时间，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词（如time, day , hour, year 等）。
在从句中做时间状语。
I will always remember the day . I got the first prize on the day .I will always remember the day when I got the first prize .2. where 表示地点，在定语从句中做地点状语。
其先行词往往是表示地点的名词（如place, room, house, street, area等）This is the place. My mother was born in the place.This is the place where my mother was born .This is the room . I lived in the room last year.This is the room where I lived last year.This is the village. My father worked there 3years ago.This is the village where my father worked 3years ago.3 why 引导定语从句，在从句中表示原因，做原因状语。
其先行词一般为reason.I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.我不知道为什么她今天看上去不高兴The reason why he said that is quite clear. 他为什么那样说的理由是十分清楚的。
二当堂训练1 用关系副词when, where 把下列每对句子连接成定语从句。
1）I’ll never forget the day. I joined the PLA on that day._________________________________________________.2) Last autumn my sister went to the town. She was born there._____________________________________________________.3) The days are gone. During those days we used ‘foreign oil.”___________________________________________.4) Li Fang lives in that street. Do you know the street?______________________________________________________?二如何判断关系代词与关系副词1. 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。
及物动词后无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
如：This is the mountain village where I stayed last year (stay 是不及物动词)This is the mountain village which I visited last year.(visit 是及物动词)This is the house which I bought last year.(buy是及物动词)This is the house where I lived last year.(live 是不及物动词)I will always remember the days when we worked together.(work 是不及物动词)I will always remember the days which we spent together. （spent 是及物动词）Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.It was also a time when there were many great philosophers.2. 当堂训练：填空1. Is this museum _______ you visited a few days ago?2. Is this museum _____ the exhibition was held.3. It is the school _______ the film star studied when she was young .4 It is the school ________ I hated when I was young.5. It is an important day ______ I’ll never foget.6. It is an important day ______I first gave a speech in public .7. The hotel _____ they are staying is very expensive.8 The hotel ______ they bought is very expensive.三当堂检测1 The house ______ we live is not large.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. what2. The hotel _______ they are staying is very expensive.A. of whichB. at thatC. thatD. at which3. He’s got himself into a dangerous situation________ he i s likely to lose control over the plane.A. WhereB. whichC. whatD. why4 Do you know the reason ______ he was late for the meeting?A. whereB.whyC. whenD. that5. The hotel _______ your father is working is the most expensive in the city.A. thatB. whereC. of whichD. \6 The small town is just the one ______ the famous film star was born.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. \定语从句之非限制性定语从句1定语从句有时跟先行词的关系并不十分密切，只是作一些附加说明，不起限制作用，这种从句称为非限制性定语从句。
这类从句往往用逗号和主句分开。
且不能用that 引导。
如：1）Mr zhang, who came to see me yesterday, is an old friend of my father’s .2.）We walked down the village street, where they were having market day .3.）Football , which is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.4 ）The person , to whom I was speaking , is my English teacher.5 ）Sun Yat-sen, who was the leader of the 1911 Revolution, first suggested the idea of a damacross the Yangtze River in 1919.6）. The Empire Sate Building, which was the tallest building at the time was finished in May 1931.2. 有时这类定语从句所修饰的不是前面某一个词，而是代表整个主句所讲的内容，通常用逗号和主句分开。
如；1）He gave his mother a Tv for her birthday, which made her happy.2) He is coming back to us, which means that he has been refused elsewhere.3）Alice did’t get the job, which made her upset.他要回到我们这儿了，这意味着他在别处遭到了拒绝。