TB(天津)
天津机场机坪运行管理细则A6版(2022修改)
天津机场机坪运行管理细则A6版(2022修改)最新天津机场机坪管理细则1.总则1.1.目的及依据：为加强机坪生产运行管理，维护良好的运行秩序，确保机坪技术状况持续性地符合有关标准和要求，保证航空器地面生产运行和各项保障工作安全、正常、有序地运行。
依据《中华人民共和国民用航空法》及其他有关法律法规，结合天津滨海国际机场（本细则以下称为天津机场）实际情况，制定本细则。
1.2.实施原则：机坪运行管理遵循“安全、正常、高效、有序”的原则，天津机场对机坪生产运行实施统一管理，对其它航空企业所属机坪有监督管理权限。
1.3.适用范围：本细则适用于天津机场各机坪的运行管理。
1.4.基本要求：1.4.1.天津机场运行指挥中心（本细则以下称为运行指挥中心）代表机场对机坪生产运行具体实施监督管理，发挥安全生产运行协调中心、信息流程管理中心、应急救援指挥中心作用。
1.4.2.运行指挥中心负责对进入机坪作业或申领相关控制区域证件的人员进行资格准入考核管理工作。
1.4.3.机场公安分局对取得有效的资格准入的人员核发相应控制区证件。
1.4.4.进入机坪的所有航空器、车辆、设备及人员必须严格遵守本细则，并接受运行指挥中心的指挥和监管。
1.4.5.在机坪作业的单位应与机场管理部门签署安全管理协议，协议中明确各作业单位在机坪作业应当遵守的相关制度、职责和权力；并将车辆、设备标准作业手册或操作规程在运行指挥中心备案。
1.4.6.机场运行管理分委员会是机场安全管理委员会的下设机构，承担对运行保障中有关问题进行管理、协调等具体工作，确保机场地区各单位运行生产的顺利开展。
机场管理机构及各驻场单位应当及时落实天津机场安全管理委员会和分委员会提出的有关安全运行的整改意见和建议。
1.4.7.运行管理分委员会协调例会每季度召开一次，以期沟通思想，统一认识，强化控天津滨海国际机场质量管理体系文件最新天津机场机坪管理细则制区运行管理。
运行指挥中心每季度负责运行管理分委员会协调例会的组织，机场相关保障单位、驻场航空公司及其他驻场单位参加，根据会议纪要及时协调解决生产运行中存在的问题。
天津市2021年中考英语真题(含答案)
天津市2021年中考英语试题真题试卷姓名：__________ 班级：__________考号：__________1．This is ________ story of friendship. Let's read ________ story together.A．a; an B．an; the C．an; a D．a; the 2．Mike's aunt is ________ English teacher. We all like ________.A．our; she B．our; her C．we; he D．we; her 3．It is ________ to say "thank you" very often, even to family members.A．polite B．rude C．dangerous D．humorous 4．Anna is taller than me. She sits ________ me in the classroom.A．between B．from C．behind D．among 5．His beautiful music has brought ________ to people all over the world.A．difficulty B．pleasure C．weather D．danger 6．People ________ talk on a mobile phone while they are driving.A．shouldn't B．needn't C．must D．can7．Bill lives ________ to school than Peter.A．close B．closed C．closer D．the closest 8．I'm ________ things for my trip because I like to get things ready earlier.A．keeping clear of B．making a list ofC．getting on well with D．winning the heart of9．The government plans to ________ more jobs for young people in western China.A．create B．avoid C．borrow D．guess 10．When I was young, my parents taught me ________ older people kindly.A．treats B．to treat C．treated D．treat 11．—Where is mum?—In the living room. She ________ a book at the moment.A．was reading B．will read C．is reading D．has read 12．The Monkey King is a traditional Chinese cartoon hero. Today, he ________ by people of all ages.A．will love B．was loved C．is loved D．will be loved 13．My cousin became a country doctor ________ he finished medical school.A．after B．so that C．but D．so14．—Could you tell me ________ "the Father of Rice"?—Because he helped many countries grow more rice.A．when was Yuan Longping called B．why is Yuan Longping calledC．when Yuan Longping was called D．why Yuan Longping is called15．—Shall we go for a walk?—________. It's too dark. We'd better stay at home.A．Nice idea B．That's trueC．Don't be silly D．I agree with you二、完型填空完形填空Think of all the ways that you use your arms and hands. You use 16．to open doors, carry boxes, climb trees and ride bikes.Jessica Cox was born 17．arms. But she didn't let that 18．her from doing things. She 19．to feed herself, paint and play the piano by using her feet.When she was at 20．, Jessica watched the other students on the playground. She did not have hands to catch balls with, 21．she did not have arms to climb with. Jessica imagined herself as a girl of unusually (不寻常地) great ability. She would 22．over the playground and take her friends into the sky.Many years later, when Jessica 23．she did fly. She learnt to fly a plane! It was 24．work, but Jessica was patient, confident and brave. She controlled the plane with her feet. She made her 25．come true.16．A．that B．them C．her D．it17．A．without B．along C．including D．towards18．A．divide B．add C．lend D．stop19．A．paid B．refused C．learnt D．forgot20．A．school B．bed C．hospital D．town21．A．so B．but C．and D．though22．A．fly B．knock C．fall D．push23．A．set up B．grew up C．gave up D．warmed up 24．A．comfortable B．lazy C．small D．hard25．A．mark B．advice C．dream D．report三、阅读单选阅读理解I'm Kevin, a student of Grade 9. Most of my friends walk to school, but I like to ride my bike each day. I wake up at 7:00. After I wash my face and eat breakfast, I throw the schoolbag on my back. Do I have my books and homework? Yes, I do.I take my bike, hop (跳) onto it and ride to school at 7: 30. "See you later. Mum," I say. I pass my friends when I ride by. "Hi, Kevin!" they call when I pass. Mary does not want to ride with me. She does not like to wear a schoolbag. She likes to carry her books in her arms when she walks. She likes to kick the autumn leaves. But she likes to look at the flowers the best.Not me! I like to ride my bike to feel the fresh air in my face. When I get to school, I lock my bike in the bicycle park. I walk across the field to say hi to Mr Brown and wait for my friends in our classroom.26．What grade is Kevin in?A．Grade 6.B．Grade 7.C．Grade 8.D．Grade 9.27．What time does Kevin ride to school?A．At 6:30.B．At 7:00.C．At 7:30.D．At 8:00.28．On her way to school, Mary likes to ________ the best.A．ride with Kevin B．look at the flowersC．wear a schoolbag D．kick the autumn leaves29．Why does Kevin like to ride a bike?A．To take his mum with him.B．To meet his grandpa.C．To feel the fresh air in his face.D．To show he is brave.30．Where does Kevin wait for his friends?A．At home.B．In the field.C．At the school gate.D．In the classroom.阅读理解When the days grew long in the middle of summer, Lisa liked to go to the park and watch the clouds.One day, Lisa saw a cloud that looked like a standing dragon. After a few minutes it became a flying dragon. Then it seemed to change direction. Another cloud moved in to mix with it, and the dragon changed into a dancing elephant. Then it became a sitting dog then a barking (吠、叫) dog, and then a tiger."This is better than TV!" Lisa shouted.Mr Thomas, the music teacher at Lisa's school, was flying a kite with his son in the park. He heard Lisa's voice. He gave the kite string (线) to his son and came to Lisa."Hi, Mr Thomas!" Lisa said. "Look at those clouds. They keep changing! First they looked like a dragon, then an elephant, then a dog, and now a tiger!"Mr Thomas looked up. "Atiger?" he said. "That looks like a horse to me. It's running towards the sun, That's so lively."Lisa looked again. He was right! "How do clouds know how to make so many shapes?"The clouds don't know how to make shapes. Your imagination (想象力) helps you see those shapes in the clouds, "Mr Thomas answered as the horse changed into a chicken."31．What did Lisa like to do in the park in the middle of summer?A．Train her dog.B．Watch the clouds.C．Feed animals.D．Read books.32．Lisa found that "a barking dog" in the clouds changed into "________".A．a dragon B．an elephant C．a tiger D．a giraffe33．What was Mr Thomas doing in the park when Lisa shouted?A．Studying plants.B．Flying a kiteC．Having music lessons.D．Playing tennis.34．What did Mr Thomas think of the running horse in the clouds?A．It was strong.B．It was shy.C．It was noisy.D．It was lively.35．According to Mr Thomas, what helped Lisa see different shapes in the clouds?A．Tradition.B．Silence.C．Imagination.D．Environment.阅读理解There are many deserts (沙漠) on the earth. And the following are some facts you may find interesting.What are deserts like?Deserts can be hot and dry places. Rain may not fall there for months or years. Some deserts are sandy and stony (多石的). Deserts can also be very windy places. The wind can change the shape of the deserts. It moves sand around from place to place.Temperatures in the desert can vary enormously(非常). During the daytime, the temperature may reach 40℃ even in the shade (阴凉处). At night, deserts can become very cold. In winter there may even be a frost (霜冻) in the early morning.Living in the desertThe camel is sometimes called "the ship of the desert". It stores food in its hump (驼峰) and can go for days without water. It has large feet which help it not to fall into the soft sand. Its long eyelashes (睫毛) keep out the sand during sandstorms.An oasis is an area of the desert where water may be found. The water may be in pools or under the ground.People and animals visit an oasis for water and food. Plants grow at an oasis. Some farmers are able to grow crops here.The Arabian DesertThe Arabian Desert lies between the Red Sea and the Arabian Gulf. In some parts of the desert, it is too hot for people to live. Oil was discovered under parts of the desert and in the Arabian Gulf. This oil has made some countries in the area very rich. Much of the money has been spent building fine cities with lovely parks and lakes, and people live a comfortable life there.36．Which of the following can best describe deserts?A．Hot and dry.B．Sandy and rainy.C．Wet and stony.D．Windy and snowy.37．The word "vary" in the passage means "________".A．be low B．be high C．be similar D．be different38．The camel has long eyelashes to ________.A．stay cool in deserts B．go for days without waterC．help it not to fall into the soft sand D．keep out the sand during sandstorms39．According to the passage, people and animals visit an oasis for ________.A．frost and crops B．sand and stonesC．water and food D．money and oil40．What is the best title of the passage?A．What is the weather like in deserts?B．What do you know about deserts?C．How do people live in deserts?D．Where is the Arabian Desert?四、补全对话补全对话A: Hi, Jack! Where are you going?B: 41．A: But we don't have any lessons on Saturdays. 42．B: Because I'm going to practise playing football.A: 43．B: At 10 a.m. We all arrive as early as we can so that we have time to warm up.A: How about your training?B: We're training harder than usual, and we want to do better.A: Great! By the way, I hear you're going to have a big match next week. 44．B: New Stars.A: It's also my favourite team. They always try hard to win.B: Yes, I agree with you. But we're playing better as a team now.A: Good luck! 45．B: Thank you very much.A. What's the score?B. I'm going to school.C. I do hope you will win!D. Why are you going there?E. Who are you playing against?F. When do you start the practice?G. Will Mr White come to watch your match?五、完成句子46．我们可以在那边种些花。
存储容量-TB-GB-PB-TB-EB等于多少PB-天河一号
存储容量：1TB等于多少GB?1PB等于多少TB?1EB等于多少PB? 天河一号存储容量：是该存储设备上可以存储数据的最大数量，通常使用千字节（kb kilobyte）、兆字节（MB megabyte）、吉字节（GB, gigabyte）、太字节（TB ，terabyte）和PB(Petabyte)、EB(Exabyte)等来衡量。
1KB=2(10)B=1024B；括号中的数字为2的指数(即多少次方)1MB=2(10)KB=1024KB=2(20)B；1GB=2(10)MB=1024MB=2(30)B。
1TB=2(10) GB=1024GB=2(40)B1PB=2(10) TB=1024TB=2(50)B1EB=2(10) PB=1024PB=2(60)B1Byte(相當於一個英文字母，您的名字相當6Bytes(6B)。
Kilobyte(KB)=1024B相當於一則短篇故事的內容。
Megabyte(MB)=l024KB相當於一則短篇小說的文字內容。
Gigabyte(GB)=1024MB相當於貝多芬第五樂章交響曲的樂譜內容。
Terabyte(TB)=1024GB相當於一家大型醫院中所有的X光圖片資訊量。
Petabyte(PB)=l024TB相當於50%的全美學術研究圖書館藏書資訊內容。
Exabyte (EB)=1024PB；5EB相當於至今全世界人類所講過的話語。
Zettabyte(ZB)=1024EB如同全世界海灘上的沙子數量總和。
Yottabyte(YB)=1024ZB相當於7000位人類體內的微細胞總和。
随着第一台国产千万亿次超级计算机29日在湖南长沙亮相，作为算盘这一古老计算器的发明者，中国拥有了历史上计算速度最快的工具。
天河一号千万亿次超级计算机系统每秒钟1206万亿次的峰值速度和每秒563.1万亿次的Linpack实测性能，使这台名为“天河一号”的计算机位居同日公布的中国超级计算机前100强之首，也使中国成为继美国之后世界上第二个能够研制千万亿次超级计算机的国家。
2023届天津市滨海新区八所重点学校高三下学期毕业班联考英语试题(解析版)
12. What did Karen do on the first flight?
A. She read a book.B. She saw a film.C. She slept well.
13. What impressed Karen most about Shanghai?
A. Rainy.B. Sunny.C. Cloudy.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
1.—It’s very nice of you to invite me, Jenny.
—_________. Will you take a seat at the head of the table?
6.—Do you mean Mary is away for something else?
—_________. I haven’t seen her all the morning.
A.It’s my guessB.It’s my pleasureC.It’s not a big dealD.It’s nothing serious
A. By bike.B. By bus.C. By taxi.
4. When does the cooking lesson start?
A. At 2:30.B. At 3:30C. At 4:00.
5. What does the man ask Kate to do?
A. Do her homework.B. Help her sister.C. Turn down the TV.
【答案】C
机场分析
2008年4月28日零时，天津机场新航站楼开始使用，以接替老航站 楼用于客流运输。新航站楼采用指廊式布局设计，主体建筑面积11.6万 平方米，建筑物最大高度43米，单层面积5万平方米，总面积达到25万 平米，旅客吞吐量1700万人次，货邮吞吐量50至60万吨；设有60个值机 柜台，6台自助值机设备，17条安检通道，19个登机桥。
二、航空航班
到欧亚内陆的主要通道和
欧亚大陆桥的主要出海口。
这为天津的民航事业发展 打下坚实基础。
航空市场
• 在滨海国际机场驻场航空公司
机场，其中客货兼营的航空公司23家，开通航线的城市65 个，国内城市（不含港澳台）47个，国际、地区城市（含港澳台）18个。
天津机场以“成为滨海新区、环渤海区域、北方经济中心发展的航空引擎” 和“让客户满意、让员工自豪、让社会认可”为使命，以“中国北方国际航空物流 中心、大型门户枢纽机场”为愿景，目标“把天津机场建成文化先进、制度健全、 流程合理、操作规范的品牌机场”。
3.机场历史
天津滨海国际机场前身为天津张贵庄机场，1950年新中国 最早的两条民用航线从这里始发，机场同时担负起新中国专业 飞行和技术人才培养的任务，被誉为“新中国民航的摇篮”。 1974年，天津机场被确定为首都机场的备降场，1979年4月开辟 7条始发航线，结束了长期作为航线经停站的状况，当年旅客 发运量1.27万人次，货邮发运量1806吨。
经济环境
• 天津作为北方最大的工业城市和商贸物流中心， 近几年，经济发展增势强劲。2010年，全市生 产总值（GDP）完成9108.83亿元，按可比价格 计算，比上年增长17.4%。 2010年，天津市外 贸进出口总额完成822.01亿美元，增长28.8%。 2010年，天津市外贸进出口总额完成822.01亿 美元，增长28.8%。
天津市第一百中学2023-2024学年高三上学期阶段性检测(1)英语试题
天津市第一百中学2023-2024学年高三上学期阶段性检测（1）英语试题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1．Mark needs to learn Chinese ________ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.A．unless B．until C．although D．sinceA．were driving B．have driven C．would drive D．drove3．Mark ______ have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early.A．needn’t B．wouldn’t C．mustn’t D．couldn’t 4．There is a rule in the library that one is required to put the book ______ it is after finishing reading it.A．what B．how C．where D．when5．I’m finally going back to my motherland; I ______ in the foreign country for four years by next month.A．have been staying B．will have stayedC．have stayed D．will be staying6．I think you’d better avoid talking about politics, religion and other ______ topics with himif you are not close friends.A．sensitive B．skeptical C．aggressive D．attractiveA．many of whose B．whose many C．many whose D．many of whomA．As B．What C．Where D．It9．Our English teacher told us to find out ____ the differences between American English and British English lie.A．where B．how C．what D．which10．The teacher stressed again that the students should not _____ any important detailswhile retelling the story.A．bring out B．leave out C．let out D．make out 11．Dr. James Naismith is believed ________ the game of basketball, a sport loved by peopleall around the world.A．to invent B．to have invented C．inventing D．having invented 12．—Why was he unhappy yesterday?—A letter from home attack of homesickness.A．set off B．pay off C．take off D．send offsociety.A．terms B．pace C．progress D．touch 14．The school ________ with reading lessons that taught students to guess the meaning of new words.A．did the trick B．paved the wayC．braved the elements D．broke new groundGold Rush.A．throw the baby out with the bathwater B．seek their fortuneC．put them under pressure D．comment on二、完形填空During school, college and service I never participated in any group discussion or stagespeakers faced the same things when they 27 .Later on with the help of the Principal I 28 a topic of talk for the next occasion. I practiced my presentation throughout the week. I was somewhat 29 but not confident. Afterwards, I 30 the Principal again and told him about the 31 I felt I had made. He was kind enough to 32 me again, but this time to give a presentation for the teachers.For around one month, I prepared and practiced for my presentation on Motivation. This time I felt easy. I gave the presentation and it was 33 by the Principal as well as the teachers 34 they knew where I started from. They encouraged me and praised my efforts.I learn that everything is 35 if we have the courage to take the first step. The saying goes: A journey of one thousand miles begins with the first step.16．A．fear B．performance C．style D．art 17．A．talk B．magazine C．program D．lesson 18．A．fortunately B．surprisingly C．secretly D．unluckily 19．A．listen B．move C．write D．speak 20．A．nervous B．joyful C．satisfied D．disappointed 21．A．foolish B．useful C．clever D．negative 22．A．anger B．regret C．thanks D．hope 23．A．courage B．information C．proof D．advice 24．A．And B．But C．So D．Or 25．A．explained B．forgot C．imagined D．controlled 26．A．serious B．special C．strange D．common 27．A．failed B．started C．mastered D．finished 28．A．exhibited B．refused C．prepared D．understood 29．A．worried B．sad C．curious D．comfortable 30．A．met with B．turned down C．looked after D．learnt from 31．A．trouble B．mistake C．fun D．improvement 32．A．remind B．invite C．phone D．reach 33．A．descried B．studied C．joked D．appreciated 34．A．because B．although C．if D．therefore 35．A．interesting B．obvious C．possible D．right三、阅读理解Are you struggling to be yourself at work? Tired of being behind schedule? Here are some important work tips that you can follow to improve your productivity.Focusing on One TaskSome people have the habit of multitasking, which is great, but it might distract you from the bigger picture. Multitasking might help you with different tasks. You might also feel like the jack of all trades (万事通) but your productivity won’t increase in the long run.Focus on one task at a time and this will allow you to complete that task with high standards. When the task is done, you can move on to the next one.Setting Small but Effective GoalsYou will be given large and challenging tasks at work and what matters is how you deal with them. Stress might be the normal response here but you can also play it smart. You can break any large task into small but manageable tasks, which will help you stay productive and will also make the best of time.Think of it like building blocks and you will have to focus on one small task at a time but the end result will be fascinating.Setting Self-Imposed (自己强加的) DeadlinesSetting self-imposed deadlines can actually help you be more productive at work Stress is a bad thing, but self-imposed stress can actually help us focus and be better. You can do really well with open-ended tasks or projects once you give yourself a deadline. Stick to that deadline and you will be surprised by the miracles that you can perform at work.Trying Following the “Two-Minute” RuleSteve Olenski is one of the finest entrepreneurs to date and he has given wonderful advice in the shape of the “Two-Minute” Rule. The “Two-Minute” Rule is basically about making the best out of small windows at work. Olenski tells us that if there is a task at work, and you can do it in 2 minutes, then you do it immediately. When you complete that small task, you don’t actually have to waste more time getting back to it, which also increases your productivity.36．By focusing on one task, you may________.A．feel like the jack of all trades B．finish that task with high standardsC．distract yourself from the bigger picture D．reduce your work efficiency37．What is the author’s suggestion for handling difficult tasks?A．Respond to them tensely.B．Make a plan in advance.C．Break them into manageable ones.D．Focus on the results all the time. 38．You can do well with open-ended tasks or projects if you________.A．learn to take a break B．perform miracles at workC．impose a deadline on yourself D．compare them to building blocks 39．What is TRUE about the “Two-Minute” Rule?A．It involves doing a small task without delay.B．It applies to all kinds of tasks.C．It is criticized by Steve Olenski.D．It requires getting back to tasks. 40．What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?A．To share his work experience with the reader.B．To point out the importance of time management.C．To introduce the ways of achieving goals.D．To offer tips on enhancingproductivity.As she was waiting for her flight at a Chengdu airport, Cai Xiao noticed several tiny dead yellow birds lying on the ground outside an enormous window at the two-story terminal building. Deeply saddened by her discovery, Cai took photos of the dead animals and emailed them to a nationwide scientific survey of bird-window collisions（撞击）that aims to gather data to provide evidence of the existence of this issue in China.Li Binbin, an assistant professor of Environmental Sciences at Duke Kunshan University in Jiangsu province, led the survey, working with several Chinese bird-watching societies starting from March this year. She said that, so far, they have found bird collisions recorded in most parts of the country, and of the 26 species involved, two-thirds were migratory birds（候鸟）.In order to pursue the transparency（透明度）of space, mankind has put up countless glass buildings, creating a disaster for birds, which have trouble seeing glass. They see reflections in glass as open space and fly into it at full speed. Sometimes birds appear to recover from their injuries and fly away, but they may later suffer internal injuries that leads to death.In the United States, up to 1 billion birds die each year from hitting windows. Although there is a lack of data, scientists estimate that the number is similar in China, given that thecountry's east coast is on a major migratory route for birds.Li launched the survey after witnessing a dozen bird collisions on campus. In 2018, the scholar and her students delivered a report to the university, recommending that it replace windows where most of the collisions happened. The school authorities worried that such an effort would damage the aesthetics（美观）of the buildings. After several discussions, they finally decided to use stickers to decorate windows and reduce glass reflections, Li recalled. This simple effort resulted in collisions at the site being reduced to almost zero.In the design plan for the future campus project, Li saw that several of her suggestions were adopted: lowering the use of large windows；adding window designs with strips or other patterns to reduce reflections.For those concerned with the issue, the main question is how to raise awareness of the problem. Li said the first step should be to gather enough data. So far, more than 130 individuals and 33 birding societies have reported bird collisions to her survey. 41．According to Para. 1, what happened at the airport?A．Some yellow birds were lying on the ground.B．Cai sent the dead birds to a nationwide scientific survey of bird-window collisions.C．Cai found that some birds had been killed by window collisions.D．Cai missed her flight because of the bird collisions.42．What can be concluded from Para. 3?A．The purpose of putting up more glass buildings is to blind birds.B．All the birds were killed instantly.C．The birds would like to fly into glass to see their reflections.D．Glass buildings could easily cause bird collisions.43．What can we learn from Para. 5?A．Li and her students' report saved a lot of birds.B．The school authorities refused to damage the aesthetics of the buildings.C．Finally, Li and her students used stickers to decorate windows and reduce glassreflections.D．The school authorities replaced windows where most of the collisions happened. 44．What is the main problem in reducing bird collisions in China at present?A．How to draw people's attention to this issue?B．There are too many glass buildings.C．How to reduce glass reflections?D．How to reduce bird collisions without damaging the aesthetics of the buildings? 45．What could be the best title for the passage?A．The Trouble with Glass Buildings B．Ways to Protect BirdsC．A Survey of Bird-window Collisions D．Fly to the ReflectionOne of our biggest fears nowadays is that our kids might someday get lost in a “sea of technology” rather than experiencing the natural world. Fear-producing TV and computer games are leading to a serious disconnect between kids and the great outdoors, which will change the wild places of the world, its creatures and human health for the worse, unless adults get working on child’s play.Each of us has a place in nature we go sometimes, even if it was torn down. We cannot be the last generation to have that place. At this rate, kids who miss the sense of wonder outdoors will not grow up to be protectors of natural landscapes. “If the decline in parks use continues across North America, who will defend parks against encroachment (蚕食)?” asks Richard Louv, author of Last Child in the Woods.Without having a nature experience, kids, can turn out just fine, but they are missing out a huge enrichment of their lives. That applies to everything from their physical health and mental health, to stress levels, creativity and cognitive (认知的) skills. Experts predict modern kids will have poorer health than their parents — and they say a lack of outside play is surely part of it; research suggests that kids do better academically in schools with a nature component and that play in nature fosters (培养) leadership by the smartest, not by the toughest. Even a tiny outdoor experience can create wonder in a child. The three-year-old turning over his first rock realizes he is not alone in the world. A clump of trees on the roadside can be the whole universe in his eyes. We really need to value that more.Kids are not responsible. They are over-protected and frightened. It is dangerous out there from time to time, but repetitive stress from computers is replacing breaking an arm as a childhood rite (仪式) of passage.Everyone, from developers, to schools and outdoor citizens, should help regain for our kids some of the freedom and joy of exploring, taking friendship in fields and woods that cement love, respect and need for landscape. As parents, we should devote some of our energies to taking our kids into nature. This could yet be our greatest cause.46．The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that ________.A．kids miss the sense of wonder outdoorsB．parks are in danger of being gradually encroachedC．Richard Louv is the author of Last Child in the WoodsD．children are expected to develop into protectors of nature47．According to the passage, children without experiencing nature will ________.A．be less healthy both physically and mentallyB．be over-protected by their parentsC．keep a high sense of wonderD．change wild places and creatures for the better48．According to the author, children’s breaking an arm is ________.A．the fault on the part of their parentsB．the natural experience in their growing upC．the result of their own carelessness in playD．the effect of their repetitive stress from computers49．What does the underlined word “cement” in the last paragraph mean?A．Weaken.B．Strengthen.C．Lower.D．Decease. 50．In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to ________.A．blame children for getting lost in computer gamesB．encourage children to protect parks from encroachmentC．show his concern about children’s lack of experience in natureD．inspire children to keep the sense of wonder about things aroundLack is a matter of preparation meeting opportunity," said the American talk show host Oprah Winfrey. I've never watched her show, but when a self-made billionaire gives life advice it' s probably worth listening to.Her point is that blind luck is very rare. You may have to be lucky to find a good job these days but that does not mean you should sit at home waiting for the opportunity to come to you. If you're a Chinese, you may already be familiar with the tale of a farmer waiting by a tree stump（树桩）for a rabbit to run out and break its neck.Richard Wiseman, the UK psychologist, conducted an experiment as part of his studies. First he divided volunteers into two groups: those who said they were lucky in life and thosewho said they were not. He gave everyone a newspaper and asked them to look through it to count how many photographs it had inside. On average, the unlucky people took about two minutes to count the photographs while the lucky people took just seconds. Why? On the second page of the newspaper, a command, "Stop counting There are 43 photographs in this newspaper," was written in big letters. The unlucky people mostly did not spot the message.It's easy to compare this situation to a young person looking for jobs in a local paper. They might search so hard for one type of position that they miss an even better opportunity. People who are "lucky", in fact, keep an open mind and don't go through the same routine every day.I first came to China in 2002 when it was considered a rather strange thing to do, Like many foreigners, my plan was to teach English for one year. Seven years later, and still here, I've had many great opportunities such as writing for newspapers and magazines. I did not dream these would have been possible. I've also never been sick, had an accident, got into a fight or had problems with the police. Coincidence? After reading about Professor Wiseman's studies I think not.As Wiseman advises, I usually trust my own judgment. Your friends and parents may give you advice based on rational（理性）thinking, but it's important to consider how you feel about each choice you make. Your feeling acts as a warning for a potential problem.Finally, try to turn bad luck into good. Even if you do fall down and break a leg, the time spent at home can be used wisely to study English.51．What do you know about Oprah Winfrey?A．She is a good organizer of a talk show in America.B．She became famous through her family background.C．She was lucky and seldom fell flat on her face.D．She became successful entirely by her own effort.52．The writer quoted the Chinese tale of a farmer in order to show________.A．luck is in your own handB．bad luck can turn into goodC．you can't wait for an opportunityD．man can conquer nature53．From the experiment Wiseman drew the conclusion that________.A．lucky people are quick-mindedB．unlucky people are slow to readC．lucky people often have an open mindD．unlucky people are not routineers54．The underlined word "spot" is the closest in meaning to "________”.A．recognize B．mark C．make D．receive 55．Which of the following proverbs most agrees with the writer's point?A．Make the best of a bad situation.B．Rome was not built in a day.C．All is not gold that glitters.D．A good heart conquers ill fortune.四、阅读表达阅读下面短文，按照要求用英语回答问题。
2024天津英语试题
2024年一般高等学校招生全国统一考试（天津卷）英语笔试本试卷分为第1卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两局部，共130分，考试用时100分钟。
第l卷1至10页。
第II卷11至12页。
答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名，准考号填写在答题卡上，并在规定位置粘贴考试用条形码，答卷时，考生务必将答案写在答题卡上，答在试卷上的无效。
考试完毕后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
祝各位考生考试顺当！第1卷考前须知：1. 每题选出答案后，用铅笔将答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
假如改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
2. 本卷共55小题，共95分。
第一局部：英语学问运用（共两节，总分值45分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每题1分，总分值15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最正确选项。
例：Stand over thereA.or答案是B。
you'll be able to see it better.B. a ndC. butD. w hile1. —Albert's birthday is on next Saturday, and I'm planning a surprise party for him.. I'll bring some wine.A. Sounds like fun C. Just a minuteB. It dependsD. Y ou are welcome2. My room is a mess, but I clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.A. daren""t3. -I want to see Mr. White. W e have an appointment.-I'm sorry, but he is not at the moment, for the meeting hasn't ended.A. busyB. activeC. concernedD. available4. She asked me I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.A. whenB. whereC. whetherD. what5. Mr. and Mrs. Brown would like to see their daughter , get married, and have kids.A. settled downB. keep offC. get upD. cut in6. Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.A. regardB. is regardedC. are regardedD. regards7. -Michael was late for Mr. Smith's chemistry class this morning.-? As far as I know, he never came late to class.A. So whatB. Why notC. Who caresD. How come8. I down to London when I suddenly found that I was on the wrong road.A. was drivingB. have drivenC. would driveD. drove9. My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. thatB. whoseC. hisD. who10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train .A. catchingB. caughtC. to catchD. to be caught11. It was when I got back to my apartment I first came across my new neighbors.A. whoB. whereC. whichD. that12. When you drive through the Redwood Forests in California, you will be trees that are over 1,000 years old.A. amongB. againstC. behindD. below13. We offer an excellent education to our students. , we expect students to work hard.A. On averageB. At bestC. in returnD. After all14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, more patients to be treated.A. being allowedB. allowingC. having allowedD. allowed15. -Do you have Betty's phone number?—Yes. Otherwise, I able to reach her yesterday.D. wouldn't beA. h adn't beenB. w ouldn't have beenC. weren't其次节：完形填空（共20小题；每题分，总分值30分）阅读下面短文，驾驭其大意，然后从16-35各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选春最正确选项。
(2023年高考真题)2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语试卷 天津卷(含答案)
2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试天津卷英语试卷养成良好的答题习惯，是决定成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
一、单项选择1. —Is Mr. Pearl available, please?— _________ . I'll just see if he is in the office.A. After youB. Hang onC. With pleasureD. Go ahead2. We _________bother with details, for our teammates will do everything in their power to help us.A. mustn’tB. daren’tC. ne edn’tD. can’t3. The bottle is quite difficult to open; the _________ is to pour hot water on it first.A. focusB. targetC. functionD. trick4. —Is it all right if I leave a bit earlier?——_________ . I can finish the report on my own.A. Sure thingB. Help yourselfC. Forget itD. That depends5. Athletes should make _________ preparation, both physical and psychological, before entering a big race.A. adequateB. slightC. identicalD. rough6. I really want to go to a place for the summer vacation, ________ especially with beautiful scenery and unique culture.A. itB. thatC. thisD. one7. The wooden tower that _________ will be open to tourists soon, and the work is almost finished.A. is being restoredB. is restoredC. is restoringD. restores8. _________ you are old enough to make your own judgement, you should start to pursue your career.A. Even ifB. As thoughC. Ever sinceD. Now that9. _________ several adjustments to the design for two months, the engineer eventually succeeded in building a highly efficient system.A. TryingB. TriedC. Having triedD. Having been tried10. On April 22 every year, people around the world mark Earth Day by _________ the environment.A. adapting toB. benefiting fromC. caring forD. relying on11. People who value their privacy are concerned about _________Google might do with the information it is gathering.A. thatB. whatC. whyD. how12. China is a shining example for the global community to follow _________developing green industry to fight climate change.A. in addition toB. in return forC. in terms ofD. in agreement with13. The Palace Museum has the most remarkable collection of fine clocks in the world, mainly _________ from Europe and China.A. originatingB. originatedC. being originatedD. having originated二、完型填空There are moments when strangers’ lives collide(碰撞)by accident, and even though they may never see each other again, they’ re changed forever. These can be moments when true character is___14___ , often through acts of kindness and generosity of unlikely heroes.Not long ago, I was a(n)___15___to that kind of moment. On a summer midnight, my parents and I hadjust___16___ a long flight and started to walk through the empty airport when I saw a passenger suddenly fall to theground. We___17___ran toward him. My parents, who are doctors, dropped everything and began tryingto___18___what had happened. As they asked him questions and searched for a(n)___19___information card, other passengers from the flight joined us. My parents___20___that the man was hypoglycaemic(低血糖的) and in major need of sugar. ___21___, the only thing we could find was a protein bar. We were ___22___it would not be enough to save him.Just then, a young boy, Mecca, arrived at the ____23____with the flight attendants(空乘人员). He quietly announced, “I have a Snickers(士力架巧克力)!” Nobody responded to him as they were in the____24____ of trying to save a stranger's life. Mecca dug deep into his backpack, and____25____a Snickers. He then handed it to my father, who was trying to manage with the protein bar.Within seconds of the Snickers replacing the protein bar, the man regained____26____. Mecca, a fourth grader, ____27____this stranger's life!No one could have guessed that earlier that night, Mecca had just been through a ____28____time. His father's flight was unexpectedly canceled, ____29____him to fly alone. He had never flown by himself before and was very nervous. His grandmother filled his backpack with candy to make him a little less____30____ .When we told Mecca's parents of his____31____actions, they smiled from ear to ear. They were surprised that he had saved some candy and was able to think about the candy during the____32____ .As time goes on, I remain____33____by the experience of witnessing a nine-year-old save a stranger's life. Even today Mecca's kindness continues to make me smile.14. A. created B. revealed C. introduced D. preserved15. A. witness B. visitor C. match D. exception16. A. caught B. confirmed C. gotten off D. put off17. A. safely B. accidentally C. casually D. immediately18. A. get across B. figure out C. take down D. bring up19. A. medical B. financial C. educational D. military20. A. recalled B. determined C. admitted D. guaranteed21. A. Instead B. Therefore C. Otherwise D. However22. A. worried B. confused C. embarrassed D. annoyed23. A. station B. destination C. scene D. department24. A. chaos B. possession C. habit D. direction25. A. gave away B. set aside C. pulled out D. kept off26. A. memory B. appetite C. independence D. consciousness27. A. risked B. saved C. sacrificed D. respected28. A. proper B. tough C. enjoyable D. mysterious29. A. forcing B. urging C. reminding D. permitting30. A. guilty B. anxious C. sensitive D. doubtful31. A. modest B. ambitious C. heroic D. confident32. A. flight B. operation C. performance D. emergency33. A. relieved B. puzzled C. frustrated D. inspire三、阅读理解Passage 1Welcome to UCLA Exchange Program! Let’s get started by checking out Student Guide for your academic journey!Signing up for ESL (English as a Second Language)ESL courses are designed to help international students improve academic English language skills. Enrollment (课程注册) priority is given to degree students. If space is available, you may enroll. You will then be asked to take an ESL Placement Test. The test results will help you choose the class that is appropriate for you.Changing Your Course Enrollment ListYou may change your class schedule during the first two weeks of the term by adding or dropping courses from your enrollment list. After the second week of classes, there will be a charge for each schedule change. Students often attend classes in which they are not enrolled on the first day of instruction to try adding this new course to the list, as other students may have dropped it.Withdrawing from CoursesIf you choose to drop a course, you must follow the UCLA procedures for removing it from your schedule. If you forget to officially drop that course, a “F” (Fail) grade will be registered on your record at the end of the term. If, at a later date, you wish to apply for a job or graduate school where an official copy of your UCLA record is required, it will be to your advantage to provide an impressive academic record.Taking ExamsSome instructors choose to put previous test papers on library reserve, making them available to all students. These exams, which students commonly use for practice, can give you an idea of how instructors ask questions andwhat they regard as relevant material. You can also access the exams online.34. Exchange students can enroll in the ESL course if they ________.A. have done well in the placement testB. are asked to improve their English skillsC. find a vacancy after degree students’ enrollmentD. have completed UCLA’s re gistration procedures35. An ESL Placement Test is aimed to ________.A. improve the students’ language skillsB. encourage the students to answer questionsC. put the students in a class that fits themD. help the students apply for a degree36. What is the deadline for a free enrollment list change?A. The day when the class is full.B. The first day of instruction.C. The first week of the class.D. The end of the second week.37. What should exchange students do if they choose to stop taking a course?A. Seek assistance from UCLA officials.B. Go through the procedures to drop it.C. Present past academic records to UCLA.D. Make a request to the Registration Office.38. Working on previous tests helps students ________.A. imitate the way that their instructors write test questionsB. learn how questions are asked and what they are based onC. come up with new ideas about how testing relates to teachingD. narrow down to what has not yet been covered in online testsPassage 2I looked through the window of the charming little violin shop, and my heart began to race.I'd been out to dinner that evening. Since it wasn't dark yet after the meal, I decided to walk home from therestaurant. I had traveled that way before, yet I had never noticed that old little shop. But that night I felt drawn to the violin shop the moment I came across it.I wiped the dirt from the window to get a better look inside. Several violins hung from the dark walls, quietly waiting to be chosen. As my eyes rested on them, I felt as though I were looking through a window into my own past.My childhood was all about the pursuits I had attempted, most of which had been chosen by Mom. She was like, “Join the swim team, Tara. Your sister is a good swimmer;surely you will be, too. ”What she refused to acknowledge, however, was that I was visibly afraid of water.Every Saturday I begged Mom not to make me go to the swim meet, but had little chance of success. That said, with a bang of the starting gun, I would dive into the cold water with all my strength and swim to the other side of the pool as fast as I could, only to find that the other swimmers slid past me. I would have given it up if I had not heard my father's encouraging shouts to cheer me on. When at last my hand would grab the edge of the pool, he would always be there with a warm, dry towel, telling me how proud he was of my desperate efforts.Then came a turning point in my life the day our school orchestra( 管弦乐队)visited my class, and gave a demonstration. The drums annoyed me. The flutes(笛子)bored me. But the violin…ah, the violin. It made the sweetest sound I'd ever heard!My heart was dancing along with its flowing tune. For the first time in my life, I went so wild with joy.Tightly holding the permission slip from the orchestra director, I ran all the way home after school, and shakily handed it to my parents with a fear that they might dismiss my desire. They didn't. Mom was thrilled to see me finally excited about something, and Dad winked(眨眼示意)at me while eagerly signing the slip.I began practicing the violin with great passion, and rose quickly in ability. Before long I had won the first seat in the community orchestra …39. What did the sight of the violins in that little shop bring to Tara's mind?A. Her miserable past.B. An unforgettable sport event.C. The stories behind the violins.D. Her childhood memory.40. What Dad did for Tara during the swimming competition implies that he is ________.A. mindless and bad-temperedB. caring and supportiveC. strict and demandingD. tolerant and sympathetic41. What fascinated Tara during her school orchestra's demonstration?A. The tune of the flutes.B. The beat of the drums.C. The sound of the violin.D. The manner of the musicians.42. What enabled Tara to win the first seat in the community orchestra?A. The steady improvement in her taste.B. Her strong desire for success.C. Her natural gift for music.D. The rapid progress in her ability.43. What message does Tara's story convey?A. It's never too young to learn.B. A passionate interest works wonders.C. Hard work will pay off in the long run.D. Like mother, like daughter.Passage 3Getting the “side-eye” look from your dog can make it seem like they are making a judgement about you, and some new studies suggest they really could be.The ability to judge others’ intentions is an indicator of possessing “theory of mind” which was once thought to be unique to humans. However, new studies have shown that dogs can read human behaviour and have a preference to people who are more friendly or generous with food.One such study published in 2023 aimed to see if dogs can tell the difference between humans who are “unwilling” or “unable” to give them a treat. 96 dogs were involved in both “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios (情境) designed for the study. Both scenarios involved a dog being placed on one side of a glass screen with small holes in it at nose-height, and an experimenter standing on the other. In the ‘unwilling’ scenario, the experimenter w ould hang a piece of sausage in front of the screen in a ‘teasing’ (戏耍的) manner, and approach one of the holes. But instead of passing it through the hole to the dog, they would then pull it out of its reach. For the “unable” scenario, the experimenter wou ld again move the treat towards the hole while the dog watched, but “accidentally” drop it beforethey could pass it through.The researchers observed that the dogs were much more patient, making more eye contact and staying closer to the screen after the “unable” scenario played out. In the “unwilling” scenario, however, the dogs looked at the experimenter less often, sat, lay down and wandered around more frequently.Another study from 2021 tested for “theory of mind” in dogs in a similar way, but the d ogs were able to walk round the screen to obtain the treat after witnessing the experimenter’s “unwilling” or “unable” behaviour. The main finding was that the dogs approached the experimenter significantly sooner in the unable scenario than in the unwilling scenario.However, the researchers of the 2023 study challenged that the food dropped on the floor in the clumsy (笨拙的) manner might have motivated the dogs to approach the experimenter considering that they probably often obtain food dropped on the floor in their daily lives.Now, more evidence has been provided that dogs distinguish between similar actions associated with different intentions. But how exactly they acquire such intention-reading abilities will be an exciting topic for future research.44. What is one of the new research findings according to Paragraph 2?A. Dogs also have “theory of mind”.B. Dogs prefer food from generous people.C. Human behaviours are mostly intentional.D. Friendly animals can get food more easily.45. What did the experimenter do in the “unwilling” scenario in the 2023 study?A. They acted awkwardly while feeding the dog.B. They pretended to walk slowly away from the dog.C. They teased the dog by fixing the treat to the screen.D. They pulled the sausage b eyond the dog’s reach.46. How did the dogs of the 2023 study respond to the “unable” behaviour?A. By moving closer to the experimenter.B. By keeping wandering around.C. By ignoring the experimenter.D. By lying still on the floor47. How does the experiment design of the 2021 study differ from that of 2023?A. The dogs can watch the experimenter.B. The dogs can go to the other side of the screen.C. The dogs’ responses are under close observation.D. The dogs’ habitual behaviours are under analy sis.48. What do the dogs’ different responses in “unwilling” and “unable” scenarios suggest?A. Dogs can tell “being friendly” from “being mean”B. Dogs’ intelligence is gradually evolving.C. Dogs’ intentions can be easily identified.D. Dogs are a lot more emotional than other animals.Passage 4Storytelling is an ancient art form that has been used to hand down legends, tales and factual stories. Perhaps the first thing that springs to mind when you think of storytelling is the fantasy land that took shape in your mind while Mom or Dad told you stories about princes, castles and monsters, with a unique voice for each character.Storytelling does not just take place at bedtime or round a campfire, however. It can take some other forms, either via the books we read or the films we watch. But they usually have some elements in common: rather than a list of dry facts, stories have plots and they introduce characters. We respond to stories, particularly when there is emotional detail.And unlike what we suppose, storytelling is not just a form of entertainment, but a form of learning as well. Long before reading and writing became widely spread and available, oral storytelling had already been a form that the wisdom and knowledge of the people were passed down from elders to children. A good story engages our curiosity, emotions and imagination.Storytelling helps with learning also because stories are easy to remember. Research has found that learning obtained from a well-told story is remembered more accurately, and for far longer, than from facts and figures.And above all, stories have a transformative power to allow us to see the world in a different way than we do if we just encounter it on our own. Stories are an entry point to understanding a different experience of the world.This aspect of storytelling-presenting a different perspective of the world—is important when it comes to connecting with each other. It gives us an opportunity to learn from another person’s experience and it can shape, strengthen or challenge our opinions and values. So, when someone tells us their own personal story, we catch a glimpse (瞥见) of a view of the world that may be slightly or significantly different from our own. When we see the world as they see it, or walk in their shoes, the experience can inspire empathy (共情；同理心) with them.49. What occurs to us the moment we think of “storytelling”?A. A child's imaginary world.B. V oices of Mom or Dad.C. An ancient art form.D. Factual stories.50. What are the common elements in all forms of storytelling according to the author?A. Form and style.B. Facts and figures.C. Emotional and physical details.D. A series of events and characters.51. Why does storytelling work better than mere statement of facts in promoting learning?A. It carries more wisdom and knowledge.B. It is more widely available to young learners.C. It satisfies our imagination and releases our emotions.D. It makes what is learned more precise and longer lasting.52. How can other people’s personal st ories probably benefit us?A. By offering us more opportunities to know people.B. By helping us stay connected with the contemporary world.C. By allowing us to understand the world the way they see it.D. By enabling us to tell reality from imagination.53. What makes the best title for the passage?A. The History of StorytellingB. The Power of StorytellingC. The Forms of StorytellingD. The Art of Storytelling阅读表达阅读表达Herman Cruse, a school bus driver from New Jersey, has been with Middle Township Public Schools for the past nine years. He believes bus drivers are the eyes and ears of students when they're away from home and they have agift to discern what kids are feeling.During one morning ride, Cruse noticed a kindergartner seemed a little sad. When Cruse asked him what was wrong, the boy explained that he wasn't able to complete his reading assignment because his parents were busy with his four siblings (兄弟姐妹). An idea suddenly crossed Cruse's mind. “Listen, if you don't mind, I'd like to come t o the school and read with you. ”he said.After receiving permission from the boy's teacher, Alex Bakley, Cruse showed up at her classroom the following week. When he walked in, the boy shouted proudly, “Hey, that's my bus driver!”They went into a quiet c orner and began reading together. Later, a second student wanted to read with him, then a third. All the kids went to the teacher asking, “Can I read with Mr. Herman?”Cruse now volunteers to help kindergarten students with reading two days a week, and on a third day, he instructs the school's first-and second-graders. After dropping the kids off at school, of course. Every child looks up to Cruse, both on and off the school bus. “Herman is super positive and he's a bright light at our school who makes ever y child feel loved and heard. ”said Bakley.For Cruse, what started out as a way to kill time has now developed into a way to make a difference in the heart of a child. He used to go to the gym or library after delivering students to schools. It wasn't until he offered to help the boy on the bus that he realized there was something more rewarding he could be doing. It's a joy for him to see the kids get excited when they learn to sound out words. He loves how reading opens up a new world for them.54. What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? (1 word)____________________________________________________________55. Why did the boy on the bus look a little upset? (no more than 11 words)____________________________________________________________56. What help does Cruse offer after delivering students to schools? (no more than 12 words)____________________________________________________________57. Why does Cruse think his voluntary work is rewarding according to the last paragraph? (no more than 16 words) ____________________________________________________________58. Who's “a bright light” in your life? Please explain in your own words. (no more than 20 words)____________________________________________________________书面表达59. 假设你是晨光中学的学生李津，通过交换生项目在英国某中学就读，校方为加强中英文化交流，将举办“中国工坊” 活动。
天津天高电气 TBQ自动转换开关TBQ3-1 说明书
保养、检查、贮存7.7.主、次回路接线图主、次回路接线图13301自动开关手动试验产品简介TBQ3系列自动转换开关（路转器），是我公司利用微机技术研发的新一代自动转换开关。
它是以电磁驱动机构为执行元件、配以机电双重联锁的新型转换装置。
特别适用于高层建筑、医院、商场、银行、消防、化工、冶金、军用设施等不允许断电（中等隔离时间）的重要场所。
特点；TBQ3为PC级ATS一体化机构、机电联锁、结构简单、体积小、转换快、时间短（40ms），相关功能决定于所选控制器。
02序号：3表示设计序号3控制器类型：M表示二段式内置控制器C表示三段式外置液晶控制器壳架电流：63、125、250、500、630、1000、1250、1600、2000、2500、3150控制方式：R自投自复S自投不复转换模式：T电网-电网G电网-发电极数：3、4极额定工作电流 同下天津天高电气有限公司自TBQ P A3电气级别：P表示PC极303X消防分合05设 置SHF N ·R 9 0R ·N 按 移位，第二位初显0闪0 d 设 置SHF R ·N N ·R 点按 ,进入参数设置提示输入密码设 置SHF N ·R 0 d R ·N 点 ,密码第1位变为0闪设 置SHF N ·R 9 d R ·N 按输入密码或第1位设 置SHF N ·R R ·N dd 等待1秒，系统显示d d ,表示密码正确设 置SHF N ·R R ·N --系统显示--，表示密码错误，系统不予响应任何操作，1秒后自动退出设置0 4s 设 置SHF N ·R R ·N 若输入密码正确，显示dd后1秒自动显示进入N-->>时间设置(此期间系统不予响应任何操作)显示原来N-->>时间，高位闪 设 置SHF N ·R 9 9R ·N 按输入密码或第2位按 或修改设 置 1 4s 按 移位设 置 1 4 s N ·R 按 或修改设 置 1 2 s 按 确定,低位不闪，注：如果低位不是0，则高位不能≥3，若高位原输入3，则低位只能是0，所以大于30的数均被限定在30。
TB(会计制度审计用)
审计说明：
T/B 与试算平衡表核对一致 C C/ 已发询证函 已收回询证函
审计结论：（1）报表、总账、明细账核对相符；（2）大额已函证（要做一份函证明细表，即为发函记录，放在后面，要有这个审计程序）； （3）未发函的已替代测试；（4）账龄分析；（5）坏账测试并与管理费用核对相符；
应收票据审定表
姓名 客户:中南成长（天津）股权投资基金管理有限公司 截止时间：2011-12-31 编制： 复核： 钟雄鹰 李小朋 时间
2012-2-1
索引：A3
2012-2-4 页次： 审定记录 账面合计
票据种类
出票日
到期日
利率
票面金额 -
调整 借方 贷方 -
审计标识说明： Λ G 纵加核对 与总分类帐核对一致
天津市宝坻一中初中英语八年级上册 Unit 10经典练习(提高培优)
一、选择题1．-How do you prepare for your exam?- studying with groups.A．With B．For C．By D．At C解析：C【详解】句意：——你如何为考试做准备？——通过和小组一起学习。
With和……一起，for为了，by通过，at在。
根据How do you prepare for your exam?可知此处回答准备考试的方式，故用by+doing ，故选C。
2．I get______letters, faxes and e-mails from my pen pals.A．a lot B．a little C．much D．a few D解析：D【详解】句意：我收到了一些来自笔友的信件、传真和电子邮件。
考查形容词短语。
A. a lot许多、非常，作副词短语用，修饰动词、感叹词、介词短语、形容词或副词的比较级；B. a little 一些，修饰不可数名词；C. much许多、大量，修饰不可数名词；D. a few一些，修饰可数名词复数。
根据设空处后面的letters为可数名词复数，结合选项，可知D选项符合题意，故答案选D。
3．Tom is going to be in Beijing for________.A．a week or two B．a week and twoC．one and two weeks D．one or two week A解析：A【解析】【详解】句意：Tom将在北京呆一两个星期。
考查名词辨析。
根据Tom is going to be in Beijingfor____.可知句意为“Tom将在北京呆一两个星期。
”“一两个星期”英文表达是a week or two 或者one or two weeks；B、C选项表示“一个星期和两个星期”，D选项表述错误week缺少s；故答案选A。
4．—What about having a surprise party for Miss Smith?—Good idea.Let's discuss when to ________ the party.A．organize B．deleteC．accept D．solve A解析：A【详解】句意：——给Miss Smith办个惊喜派对怎么样？——好主意，让我们讨论何时组织这个聚会。
TB 10002—2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》主要修订内容解读
TB10002—2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》主要修订内容解读张莉（中国铁路设计集团有限公司土建工程设计研究院，天津300308）摘要：为满足铁路桥涵建设和发展需要、统一设计标准、提高设计水平、保障安全与质量，TB10002—2017《铁路桥涵设计规范》在编制过程中广泛征求建设、设计、施工、运营及科研单位的意见，经反复修改完善修订而成。
该规范在TB10002.1—2005《铁路桥涵设计规范》基础上，结合我国高速铁路、城际铁路、客货共线铁路及重载铁路桥涵建设、运营的实践经验和科研成果，在内容上有了较大扩充，多条条款也有较大修订。
介绍该规范的修订背景、主要修订内容，对较为重要的修订条款进行解读，以期为相关人员准确理解与应用提供帮助。
关键词：铁路桥涵；桥涵设计；设计规范；修订内容；重要条款；标准解读中图分类号：U442.5文献标识码：A文章编号：1001-683X（2020）09-0088-06 DOI：10.19549/j.issn.1001-683x.2020.09.0881修订背景近年来，我国铁路建设持续加快，随着客货共线铁路、高速铁路、城际铁路、重载铁路的大规模建设以及境外铁路项目的持续增多，TB10002.1—2005《铁路桥涵设计基本规范》（简称05《桥规》）已不能适应新的设计条件。
为有效指导不同运营模式下铁路工程的设计工作，国家铁路局、中国国家铁路集团有限公司先后组织编制了一大批适用于不同设计标准、具有专属性质的综合性规范，如《高速铁路设计规范》《城际铁路设计规范》《重载铁路设计规范》《Ⅲ、Ⅳ级铁路设计规范》等。
在此类规范中，对于桥梁结构仅规定了既定的运行模式和设计标准下，结构的动力性能、刚度变形等设计参数和技术指标，以及对结构方面特殊的构造要求；而对于桥涵设计采用的静力计算方法、常规的设计要求等仍需执行05《桥规》的相关规定。
由于05《桥规》仅适用于设计速度160km/h及以下的旅客列车、120km/h及以下的货物列车，因此，仅从近年来的客运专线、客货共线铁路的运营模式看，原规范中的一些条款已经过时或缺少。
TB团体标准T TJXF 001-2022电气防火检测技术服务指南说明书
TB团体标准T/TJXF001-2022电气防火检测技术服务指南Electrical Fire Detection Technical Service Guide2022-1-5发布2022–1–5实施目 次目 次 (I)前 言 (II)1范围 (1)2规范性引用文件 (1)3术语和定义 (1)4一般要求 (2)5条件要求 (2)6检测范围 (3)7服务机构要求 (3)8质量管理 (4)9评审 (4)10管理 (5)附录A (7)附录B (9)参考文献 (9)前 言本标准按照GB/T1.1-2020《标准化工作导则》给出的规则起草。
本标准由天津市消防协会提出并归口。
本标准主编单位：天津市消防协会、天津市消防协会专家委员会。
本标准起草单位：天津市天协消防科技有限公司、天津市鸿远电气股份有限公司、天津东方泰瑞科技有限公司、天津众联智能科技有限责任公司、天津市创安建筑工程检测有限公司、天津民泰安全技术咨询有限公司、天津市汇英消防工程有限公司、天津祥顺科技发展有限公司、天津宏宇电气设备安全检测有限公司、天津市堡泰科技发展有限公司、天津盛达安全科技有限责任公司。
本标准起草人：王绪亭、马健、吕川林、陈志华、颜世勇、王春渤、于岩、郝同庆、刘志勇、鲁涛、刘先锋、邓建超、高振锡。
本标准的审定工作由天津市消防协会组织完成，主要审定人员有：张清林、吴礼龙、吴春荣、李国生、高建勇、马玉河、宋文华、王婕、鲁涛、郭海明、商荣华。
本标准用词说明：本标准中的“以上”、“以下”均含本数。
本标准T/TJXF XXX-XXX首次发布。
电气防火检测技术服务指南1范围本标准规定了电气防火检测技术服务机构的术语和定义，电气防火检测技术服务机构的从业条件、检测活动、质保体系、安全防护和条件评定管理。
本标准适用于电气防火检测技术服务机构从业条件的综合评定和管理。
2规范性引用文件下列文件对于本标准的应用是必不可少的。
凡是标注日期的引用文件，仅所标注日期的版本适用于本标准；凡是不标注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改单）适用于本标准。
天津市城乡建设和交通委员会关于公布2009－2010年度天津市建筑业市级工程建设工法的通知
天津市城乡建设和交通委员会关于公布2009－2010年度天津市建筑业市级工程建设工法的通知
文章属性
•【制定机关】天津市城乡建设和交通委员会
•【公布日期】2010.12.20
•【字号】建科[2010]1213号
•【施行日期】2010.12.20
•【效力等级】地方规范性文件
•【时效性】现行有效
•【主题分类】基本建设
正文
天津市城乡建设和交通委员会关于公布2009－2010年度天津市建筑业市级工程建设工法的通知
（建科〔2010〕1213号）
各有关单位：
为了进一步推动我市建筑业工程建设工法的开发与推广应用工作，提高建筑施工企业建设科技含量和施工技术管理水平，根据住房城乡建设部《工程建设工法管理办法》（建质〔2005〕145号）的有关规定，我委组织了2009～2010年度天津市建筑业市级工程建设工法申报和评审工作。
经过专家组认真评审，共评出市级工程建设工法101项，现予以公布。
希望各施工企业积极采用新技术、新工艺并及时总结施工经验，继续抓好工法的开发、编写和推广应用工作，加速科技成果向现实生产力的转化，为不断提高我市建筑业施工技术水平做出新的贡献。
特此通知
二〇一〇年十二月二十日
附件：2009～2010年度天津市建筑业市级工程建设工法目录。
2022年3月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)英语笔试训练试题
2022 年3 月普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(天津卷)英语笔试训练题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、单项选择1 ．—Shall I tell John our secret?—No, you mustn’t. ______ .A ．Take it easyB ．It sounds like a great ideaC ．If you don’t mindD ．It’s just between you and me2 ．Professional skills are tools like a knife or a hammer. You need ______ to complete the things you want to do.A ．itB ．thatC ．themD ．ones3 ．—What’s wrong with the door?—The key has got stuck in it and ______ come out.A ．shouldn’tB ．mustn’tC ．needn’tD ．won’t4 ．—I know you want to talk about this report, but I’d like to tell you about our new partner.—______. We can talk about him later.A ．Let’s stick to the pointB ．It’s nice of youC ．It’s really hard to sayD ．You’ll make it5 ．It’s easy to get lost when you drive in a new city, so it’s important to ______ a good map before you set out.A ．studyB ．displayC ．deliverD ．publish6 ．Mrs. Taylor went around the shops, ______ what she thought was necessary.A ．orderedB ．orderingC ．to have orderedD ．having been ordered7 ．There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in.A ．whyB ．whichC ．whomD ．where8 ．I jumped with joy the moment I ______ my driver’s license in the m ail.A ．receiveB ．receivedC ．had receivedD ．would receive9 ．Can we stop the ______ of the world’s deserts and save the land that man depends so much on?A ．lossB ．heatC ．spreadD ．defence10 ．He studied hard and later became a well-known writer, which was ______ his father had expected.A ．whyB ．howC ．thatD ．what11 ．There have been many advances in medicine in recent years. That means money ______ for medical research has been well spent.A ．usedB ．usingC ．to useD ．to be used12 ．When people want to expand their knowledge, they usually ______ books that offer useful information.A ．point toB ．turn toC ．attend toD ．belong to13 ．Make sure you save all your work on screen____the computer breaks down.A ．in caseB ．as ifC ．so thatD ．even though14 ．Jane wishes that she ______ foreign trade instead of literature when she was in college.A ．studiedB ．had studiedC ．would studyD ．might have studied15 ．What was it ______ brought you two together? Was it your love of music?A ．asB ．whoC ．thatD ．which二、完形填空Years of living with a lisp (口齿不清) had taught me it was better not to say anything than to speak and risk embarrassment. As a result of my 16 , I felt distanced from most of my peers (同龄人). “Kathy? Oh, she’s quiet.” That’s what most people would say when they 17 me, as if “Quiet” were part of my 18 .I was okay with that. I didn’t need to be 19 .Last September, however, that all 20 . I started my creative writing class with Ms. Haist. Every day we would be given a different writing task and, if we wished, we could 21 what we had written. I 22 listening to others read their work and thinking: “That will never be me. I’ll never have the 23 to do that.”One day, I was really 24 with what I had written and wanted to share. My heart was beating wildly as I raised my hand. Those 25 little voices were ringing in my ear, “You have a lisp, remember? 26 , your writing isn’t that good. Be quiet.” I was about to 27 my hand when I met Ms. Haist’s encouraging eyes.I swallowed the voices down and let my real voice 28 . I could hear it 29 as I read, and I could hear every stutter (结巴) and mistake. I finished reading, waiting to be laughed at. 30 , I heard claps from the class and praise from Ms. Haist.The next day, I did it 31 . Soon I was reading out loud nearly every day. Gradually, I realized that 32 my lisp, the class and the teacher always appreciated my writing. Now I may still not be the most 33 , socialperson, but I’ve become be tter at oral presentations. I 34 read my poetry out loud at a reading club.Every time those little voices try to tell me to be quiet, I think of all the encouragement I received in class andI know that I 35 to be heard.16 ．A ．embarrassment B．excitement C．humor D ．silence17 ．A ．heard from B．talked of C．called on D ．looked for18 ．A ．name B．opinion C．duty D ．business19 ．A ．seen B．heard C．followed D ．protected20 ．A ．disappeared B．returned C．developed D ．changed21 ．A ．examine B．practice C．share D ．copy22 ．A ．regret B．consider C．imagine D ．remember23 ．A ．time B．courage C．patience D ．evidence24 ．A ．busy B．strict C．pleased D ．disappointed25 ．A ．tired B．urgent C．funny D ．cheerful26 ．A ．Besides B．Otherwise C．Therefore D ．Normally27 ．A ．touch B．wave C．extend D ．withdraw28 ．A ．go down B．die away C．come out D ．calm down29 ．A ．shaking B．singing C．shouting D ．deepening30 ．A ．Sadly B．Hopefully C．Honestly D ．Unexpectedly31 ．A ．again B．alone C．already D ．anyway32 ．A ．thanks to B．instead of C．despite D ．except33 ．A ．serious B．outgoing C．nervous D ．hardworking34 ．A ．even B．still C．only D ．seldomagree C．deserve D ．pretend35 ．A ．fear B．三、阅读选择When you choose a higher education course, here are some tips for you to follow.Choosing your courseThere are a range of subjects and courses available. Many are work-related; others are academic. You’ll need to look beyond the course title because courses with almost the same name may differ enormously. For example, if you’re interested in construction but wish to use your creative skills, you may be better suited to a building designmanagement course than a building project management course.Style of learningThink about the style of learning that best suits you. It’s important to study a subject that you particularly enjoy, but if you want to follow a career in a different area, you may consider taking the subjects you want to learn and joining them into one degree. Many degree courses are made up of different subject modules which deal with particular areas of interest.Choosing where to studyWhere you study can be almost as important as what you study. One thing to consider is whether you want to live at home or move away. For some people, living at home offers the best of both worlds, but it may make sense to move if you want to study a particular course at a specific university or college. Many students value the experience of living on campus or in a different part of the country as an important part of university life.Finding out more about coursesOnce you’ve got a list of courses that appeal to you, it’s worth looking at some other sources of information about them, like independent reports. These provide information on the numbers of students who finished the course, student satisfaction and more.Open daysOpen days usually take place in spring or autumn. Although you may have an idea about what a course is like, there’s no substitute (替代) for attending a class yourself. If you can’t come on the open days, you can sign up fora guided tour instead.36 ．You need to look beyond the course title because courses with similar names may be ______.A ．creativity-focusedB ．work-relatedC ．far differentD ．quite similar37 ．What are you advised to do if your interest disagrees with your future career?A ．Add preferred subjects to your degree courses.B ．Choose the subjects based on your interest.C ．Earn different degrees.D ．Give up your interest.38 ．What do we learn about from Para. 4?A ．Disadvantages of studying on campus.B ．Reasons for choosing where to study.C ．Importance of attending a nearby college.D ．Problems of going to a faraway university.39 ．Why is it recommended to check independent reports?A ．To increase applicants’ in terest.B ．To better understand a course.C ．To figure out how to complete a course.D ．To find out how different the courses are.40 ．On the open days, would-be college students can ______.A ．sign up for a particular courseB ．take a guided tour on the campusC ．see whether there is a substitute courseD ．have a first-hand experience of a courseWith a satisfied smile, Keisha finished the last sentence of her English essay about one of her heroes, Rosa Parks, an important figure in the Civil Rights Movement.“Keisha,” her mother shouted from downstairs. “It’s almost 4:15.”“Don’t worry. I won’t be late. ” Keisha pulled down a storybook from he r bookshelf，as she always read to the nursing home’s residents. And on an impulse (一时心血来潮) , she added her English notebook as well.As Keisha came running in the door, the manager told her, “We have a new resident this week, Mrs. Ruby Watson. She’s still adjusting to her new surroundings. You’ll find her in Room 28. And by the way, Keisha, good luck.”Keisha walked down the hallway at a quick pace. As she entered Room 28, she met two sharp brown eyes staring at her doubtfully.“I’m Keisha Jackson, a volunteer,” Keisha explained. “I come here to help pass the time with residents, or read to them, or, . . .” Keisha started stammering (结巴) as Mrs.Watson continued to stare at her.“I didn’t r equest anyone to keep me company,” Mrs. Watson interrupted. “I’m alone m ost of the time, and that’s how I prefer it.”“I brought along some funny stories,” Keisha said hesitantly.“I’m not in the mood for funny stories,” Mrs. Watson replied angrily. “What else do you have?”Nervously, Keisha opened her notebook to her essay. S he read the title aloud, “RosaParks: A Woman of Courage and Conviction (信念) .” She glanced at Mrs. Watson to see how she might react, but to her surprise, Mrs. Watson’s face relaxed and her eyes shone.“Read to me about Rosa,” Mrs. Watson said.Keisha read how Rosa Parks’ refusal to give up her seat to a white passenger on a bus in 1955 inspired the protest that became a turning point in the struggle for civil rights.“I walked with Rosa Parks and Dr. Martin Luther K ing,” Mrs. Watson said with pride. “That was the greatest moment of my life because…” She paused.“Because… you were a woman of courage and conviction too.”Sitting up straighter, Mrs. Watson said, “Yes, I was and I still am. Thank you for reminding me, Keisha. Next Thursday, I will tell you my s tory.”41 ．Why did Keisha take her English notebook along?A ．Her mother asked her to take it.B ．She would hand it in on her way.C ．She might read her essay to someone.D ．The manager wanted to read her essay.42 ．Why did the manager wish Keisha good luck before she visited Mrs. Watson?A ．Mrs. Watson could be difficult.B ．Mrs. Watson was in poor health.C ．Keisha was feeling nervous.D ．Keisha was a shy person.43 ．Mrs. Watson’s eyes (Para. 10) suggested that she was ______.A ．amusedB ．puzzledC ．annoyedD ．interested44 ．What effect did Keisha’s essay have on Mrs. Watson?A ．It aroused her curiosity in volunteer work.B ．It built up her expectation for more visitors.C ．It awoke her pride in her struggle for civil rights.D ．It changed her attitude to the Civil Rights Movement.45 ．Readers may find this story inspiring because ______.A ．a girl enjoys learning about her heroesB ．a girl helps someone feel appreciatedC ．a woman overcomes hardship by herselfD ．a woman gathers the courage for lifeIf you were bringing friends home to visit, you could show them the way. You know the landmarks—abig red house or a bus-stop sign. But what if you were swimming in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean? Could you still find your way home? A loggerhead turtle (海龟) could.According to Dr. Ken Lohmann, loggerheads have a magnetic(磁力的)sense based on Earth’s magnetic field. It helps them locate the best spots for finding food and their home beaches.Scientists already know that several other animals, such as whales and honeybees, can detect (探测到) magnetic fields. The difference between them and loggerheads, however, is the way they learn to use their magnetic sense. Young whales and honeybees can learn from adults. Loggerheads are abandoned as eggs.As newborn loggerheads have no adults to learn from, what helps them figure out how to use their magnetic sense? Lohmann thinks one of the cues was light on the sea.Baby loggerheads hatch only at night. However, a small amount of light reflects off the ocean. The light makes that region brighter. Heading toward the light helps them get quickly out to sea, where they can find food. Lohmann tested whether newborn loggerheads use this light source to set their magnetic “compasses” (罗盘) . He and his team put some newborns in a water tank and recorded which way they swam. Around the tank, the scientists created a magnetic field that matched the Earth’s. They set a weak light to the east of the magnetic field. Then they let the newborns go.At first, the newborns swam toward the light. After the scientists turned off the light, the turtles that had seen the light in the east always swam toward east. When the researchers reversed(颠倒)the magnetic field, these turtles turned around and swam toward the new “east” .This and the follow-up experiments all showed that loggerheads use light from the outside world to set their magnetic “compasses” and then remember the “correct” direction. If a turtle hatches on a brightly-lit beach, that would damage its magnetic sense forever and make survival hard for the turtle.Lohmann’s work has led others to protect the habitat of this endangered species. Yet many questions about these creatures remain unanswered, and researchers have a lot to study.46 ．Loggerheads and whales differ in the way they______.A ．bring up their youngB ．recognize landmarksC ．detect magnetic fieldsD ．learn to find directions47 ．What is needed for newborn loggerheads to set their magnetic sense?A ．Weak light reflected off the ocean.B ．Help from adult loggerheads.C ．Bright sunlight from the sky.D ．Food in warmer waters.48 ．In the experiment, after the newborns’ magnetic sense was set, their moving direction was determined by ____.A ．the lightB ．the magnetic fieldC ．other unknown factorsD ．the light and the magnetic field49 ．What is the significance of Lohmann’s research work?A ．It enables researchers to keep track of turtles.B ．It contributes to the studies of the magnetic field.C ．It offers a new solution to environmental pollution.D ．It helps protect the logge rheads’ living environment.50 ．What could be the best title of the passage?A ．Experiments on LoggerheadsB ．The Survival of the Sea TurtleC ．The Loggerhead’s Built-in “Compass”D ．Comparison of Loggerheads and Other AnimalsMost people aren’t good at creative problem solving for two reasons: (1) They are not trained in how to be creative. (2) They don’t understand group strength well enough t o harness (驾驭) their power to maximize group creativity.A key element of creativity is applying existing knowledge to a new problem. The more people getting involved in solving it, the more knowledge there is to work on it. Unfortunately, research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods fail to achieve that goal. When groups get together to exchange ideas, they actually come up with fewer ideas overall than if they each had worked alone.To fix this problem, you should consider the two stages of group problem-solving: divergence (分散) and convergence (集中) . Divergence happens when the group considers as many different potential solutions as possible. Convergence happens when the various proposed solutions are evaluated and reduced to a smaller set of candidate solutions to the current problem.The essential principle of group creativity is that individuals working alone diverge, whereas group members working together converge. In groups, once a member states a potential solution, that makes others think about theproblem similarly. That is why groups working together diverge less than individuals working alone.Therefore, be aware of when to diverge and when to converge. For example, early in the problem-solving process, have group members work alone to write down statements describing the problem. Then get them back to discuss their descriptions. The group discussion will lead everyone to accept one or a small number of these statements to work on—this is healthy convergence.When starting to generate solutions, you again want divergence. Have people work alone to start. Then collect people’s initial ideas and send t hem around to others and allow the divergence to continue as everyone individually builds on the ideas of other members.Finally, let the group discuss the resulting ideas. This discussion will gradually lead the group to converge on a small number of candidate solutions.This simple method works effectively, because it respects what individuals and groups do best.51 ．Research shows that the traditional brainstorming methods ______.A ．actually limit group creativityB ．greatly encourage group creativityC ．enable people to form more ideas togetherD ．prevent people’s involvement in the problems52 ．According to Para. 4, when a member presents an idea, others tend to_____.A ．think the other way roundB ．follow his way of thinkingC ．be more confident in their own ideasD ．be less willing to share their own ideas53 ．What should group members first do early in the problem-solving process?A ．Discuss the problem.B ．Simplify the problem.C ．Put down group statements together.D ．Write down their individual descriptions.54 ．How can each group member make changes to his initial solution?A ．By adding in collected evidence.B ．By reorganizing his own words.C ．By drawing on others’ ideas.D ．By making his statement briefer.55 ．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage?A ．To advocate a way to make group thinking more effective.B ．To demonstrate the difficulty in organizing group thinking.C ．To highlight the differences between divergence and convergence.D ．To show the advantage of group thinking over individual thinking.四、阅读表达阅读短文，按照题目要求用英语回答问题。
2022-2023学年八年级下学期英语期末模拟卷(天津卷)(原卷版)
2022-2023学年八年级下学期期末模拟卷（天津卷）英语注意事项：1.全卷满分120分。
考试时间为100分钟。
试题包含选择题和非选择题。
2.请认真核对监考教师在答题卡上所粘贴条形码的姓名、考试证号是否与本人相符合,再将自己的姓名、考试证号用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔填写在答题卡及本试卷上。
3.答选择题必须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,请用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案。
答非选择题必须用0. 5毫米黑色墨水签字笔写在答题卡的指定位置,在其他位置答题一律无效。
第I卷（选择题共80分）一、听力理解（本大题共20小题, 每小题1分, 共20分）A）在下列每小题内，你将听到一个或两个句子并看到供选择的A、B、C三幅图画。
找出与你所听句子内容相匹配的图画。
1．A．B．C．2．A．B．C．3．A．B．C．4．A．B．C．B）下面你将听到十组对话, 每组对话后都有一个问题。
根据对话内容, 从每组所给的A、B、C三个选项中找出能回答所提问题的最佳选项。
5．How long will Linda stay in Paris?A．For a week.B．For a month.C．For two months.6．Who does Andy usually play football with?A．His brother.B．His father.C．His classmates.7．What will the weather be like tomorrow?A．It will be rainy.B．It will be cloudy.C．It will be sunny.8．Which part did the man read in the newspaper?A．Sports part.B．Travel part.C．Business part.9．What time did Jim finish his homework?A．At 9:30.B．At 10:00.C．At 10:30.10．What’s the girl’s dream?A．To have a radio shop.B．To be a reporter.C．To be a radio presenter.11．How is the woman?A．She is fine.B．She is sick.C．She is excited.12．Where are the two speakers talking?A．In a hospital.B．In a library.C．In a restaurant.13．What was Lisa doing when the rainstorm came?A．She was playing.B．She was crying.C．She was watching TV.14．What does the woman mean?A．She only watches TV about spaceship.B．There was a TV programme on spaceship.C．She has seen a spaceship on TV.C）听下面长对话或独白。
天津市宝坻一中初中英语八年级上册 Unit 6经典练习(提高培优)
一、选择题1．— What does your father do? — He is a ______ in Renmin Hospital.A．actor B．writer C．doctor D．reporter C解析：C【详解】句意“-你的父亲是做什么工作的？-他是人民医院的医生”。
A.演员；B.作家；C.医生；D.记者。
根据in Renmin Hospital可知，是医生，故选C。
2．She was ________ an e-mail from her friend the whole morning, but it didn’t come. A．explaining B．expressing C．experiencing D．expecting D解析：D【详解】句意：她整个上午都在等她朋友的电子邮件，但没有来。
考查动词辨析。
explain解释；express表示；experience经历；expect期待。
由下文“but it didn’t come.但是电子邮件没有来”可知，她整个早上在期待一个来自朋友的邮件，故选D。
3．There's going to ________ in tomorrow's newspapers.A．have something new B．have new something C．be something new D．be new something C解析：C【解析】【详解】句意：明天的报纸上会有新消息。
形容词修饰不定代词要后置，something new一些新东西；排除BD；这里是there be句型，不能有have。
排除A。
这里是there be句型的一般将来时。
其结构是there is going to be+其它。
根据题意，故选C。
4．─What's your plan for the new term？─I ________ a foreign language.A．is going to learn B．am going to learn C．learning D．learn B解析：B【解析】【详解】句意：--对于新学期你的计划是什么？--我打算学习一门外语。
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结核分枝杆菌（TB）抗体诊断试剂盒 （胶体金法）
天津中新科炬生物制药有限公司
目录
结核病简介 产品的基本原理 产品的成品展示 产品知识问答
结核病简介
简介
结核病是由结核杆菌感染引起的慢性传染 病。结核菌可能侵入人体全身各种器官，但 主要侵犯肺脏，称为肺结核病。结核病又称 为痨病和‘’白色瘟疫‘’，是一种古老的 传染病，自有人类以来就有结核病。每年3月 24日为“世界防治结核病日” 。结核病还是 因病致贫、因病返贫的主要疾病。结核病还 是一种人畜共患传染病。结核病不仅是一个 公共卫生问题，也是一个社会经济问题。
结核分枝杆菌是胞内感染菌，其免疫主要是以T细 胞为主的细胞免疫。以PPD作为抗原的ELISA方法 检测抗体灵敏度在60%以上，特异性为90%左右。 随着相关研究的深入，研究较为深入的结核抗原有： 脂阿拉伯甘露聚糖抗原、Ag85 复合物、38KD 蛋白、 A60 抗原、16KD 蛋白、MPT64、ESAT6、CFP10、 MTB48，这些抗原各有其优缺点，任何一种抗原都 不能含盖所有的结核病感染。选择好的抗原是制备 好的结核病血清学诊断试剂的关键之一。本试剂盒 应用38KD和16KD抗原联合使用，制备结核分技杆 菌抗体快速诊断试剂盒。38KD和16KD均为相关研 究证明为结核病诊断的理想抗原，联合运用理论上 能检测出90%以上的结核病感染，同时具有很好的 特异性。
试验结果表明 ：高血脂、溶血、黄疸血；其它传染 病HAV-IgM 阳性、HIV抗体阳性、HBsAb阳性、 HCV抗体阳性和幽门螺旋杆菌抗体阳性血清；含不 同抗凝剂肝素、EDTA和枸椽酸钠血浆，含防腐剂 叠氮钠血清不会对本试剂特异性产生明显的影响。
产品的成品展示
25人份/盒 40人份/盒
产品知识问答
我国结核病形势严峻
我国是世界上22个结核病高负担国家之一，我国三 分之一左右的人口已感染了结核杆菌，受感染人数 超过4亿。我国现有肺结核病人约500万，主要集中 在25岁及以上人群；其中涂阳肺结核病人150万； 每年约有13万人死于结核病，死亡平均年龄为55.2 岁。 据研究，受结核菌感染的人群中，10％的人会 发展为结核病。如果我们不采取有效的控制措施， 在未来的10年，我国可能有近5000万的感染者发生 结核病。
TB抗体诊断试纸条结构示意图
预期用途
本产品为结核分枝杆菌(TB)抗体诊断试剂盒
(胶体金法)，检测被检血清或血浆中的抗TB IgG抗体，用于结核病的辅助诊断。
样本要求
血清（血浆）标本按常规方法由静脉采集。5
天内测定的标本可放置4℃保存。标本放置在 -20℃至少可保存3个月。标本尽可能避免溶 血或反复冻溶。混浊或有沉淀的标本应离心 或过滤澄清后再检测。需保存的血清（血浆） 在采集、保存过程中应注意无菌操作。
结核名称的由来
结核病是一种古老的疾病，也许有了人类不
久就已有了它的存在。1973年，湖南长沙马 王堆汉墓出土的2100年前的女尸身上发现左 上肺门均有结核病灶。1965年，法国学者 Sylvius根据解剖了死于所谓“消耗病”或 “痨病”人的尸体，发现肺脏及其它器官有 颗粒状的病变，根据其形态特征称之为“结 核”。因而，结核的名称就此而被应用至今。
为什么有的时候C线会比平时弱一些？
C线比平时稍弱的情况，一般会出现在强阳
性标本检测时，因为T线处包被的抗原或抗体 结合了大量的有色标记物的颗粒，相应到达 C线位置的标记颗粒就会少一些，显色淡一 些。只要有明显的C线存在，就表明测试过 程正常，结果准确。您也可以用阴性血清血 浆对这样的强阳性标本进行稀释，然后再检 测，可以消除或改善这种情况。
若标本、试剂、缓冲液冷藏后，检测前应把 冷藏过包装完好的检测试剂、缓冲液放置空 气中复温，冷藏或冷冻的标本检测前也应复 温。如果没有与室温平衡即开始检测，空气 中的水分遇冷凝集在没有复温的试剂上，导 致产品受潮，可能影响测试结果。
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
一个人可以同时进行多份试剂的 检测操作？
主要根据操作者的熟练程度，但即使熟练人 员操作，建议一个人操作时，同一时间一般 不超过 5人份标本的检验。
常见症状
肺结核早期或轻度肺结核，可无任何症状或症状轻微而被忽 视，若病变处于活动进展阶段时，可出现以下症状： 1．发热：表现为午后低热，多在下午4－8时体温升高， 一般为37－38℃之间，这时病人常常伴有全身乏力或消瘦， 夜间盗汗，女性可导致月经不调或停经。 2．咳嗽咳痰：是肺结核最常见的早期症状，但也最易 使患者或医生误以为是“感冒”或“气管炎”而导致误诊。 3．痰中带血：痰内带血丝或小血块，大多数痰内带血 是由结核引起的。
对标本的采集、保存有什么要求？
血清/血浆标本由静脉采血后离心获得，标本 在2-8℃可保存一周；如长期保存需冷冻至20℃，避免反复冻融；
缓冲液不加或多加有什么影响吗？
如果不加缓冲液，可能出现标本层析不顺利，
结果不准确；如果多加缓冲液，造成人为降 低标本浓度，阳性率降低。
使用冰箱保存的标本和产品，应该 注意什么？
结核病的主要诊断方法
一、痰结核菌检查：痰涂片检查或痰结核菌培养。 是结核病诊断的确诊方法之一，检查简便易行，准 确性较高，但这种方法诊断的阳性率很低，灵敏度 在40%以下，若培养则需6－8周时间，诊断时间过 长。 二、结核病的影像学诊断：如胸部X射线和CT等。 X射线可以早期发现结核病，确定病灶的部位、性 质、范围，了解发病情况及用于治疗效果的判断。 胸部CT可以发现较小的或隐蔽部位的病变，可以弥 补一般X线检查的不足。X线检查对肺结核病的初筛、 诊断等起重要辅助作用，但存在需要大型设备，费 用较高，胸片存在20%左右的低读率和读过率。
检验方法
1．将检测卡和待检标本平衡至室温，撕开铝箔袋， 取出检测卡，平放于桌面上。 2．用移液枪调节加样量为4ul，从样品管中取出4ul 血清或血浆，加入检测卡的NC膜区中间位置，待样 品完全吸收后，在加样孔加入50－80ul稀释液，使 胶体金层析。同时计时。 3．15分钟内观察实验结果（强阳性样本几分钟内 可显示结果），超过30分钟，结果无效。
怎样知道试剂是否进行正常检测？T线比 C线先出来是正常现象吗？
作为一个内部质控标准，若一条红色或紫红
色的线条出现在质控区（ C区）表明已加入 足够的标本，试剂显示结果正常。如果判读 时C线没有出现，表明由于加样量不够或产 品已经受潮，该次实验失败，请换新的试剂 重新检测。T线比C线先出来，表明标本中待 检物质的浓度结合能力强，这是正常现象， 结果准确。
偶然情况下，滴加样本时有气泡产生，这 时应算加入了一滴样本吗？
气泡不应计算在内。加样时应注意滴加入足 够量的样本且在样品孔中不应有气泡。
超过了判读时间结果还准确吗？
结果不准确，应按照说明书规定的时间判读。 如果到判读时间为止，结果为阴性，判读时 间以后，出现淡淡的线条，可能是有色标记 物持续释放造成的，但是这种结果是无效的。
三、分子生物学技术诊断：主要指PCR方法，该方 法的灵敏度很高，在98%以上。但存在较高的假阳 性，特异性差，并且诊断费用较高。 四、免疫学诊断：免疫学诊断有结核菌素纯蛋白衍 化物（PPD）试验和抗体诊断等方法。PPD试验较 为传统的诊断方法之一，在临床上经常使用。该试 验阳性是感染过结核菌的证据之一，不能很好的区 分现症感染和既往感染。抗体诊断方法：检测血清 中抗TB IgG抗体，该方法的灵敏度为60%－80%， 特异性约为90%。是结核临床诊断上常用的方法之 一，和其它方法一样，虽然该方法的灵敏度和特异 性还有待于进一步提高，但该技术简便、灵敏、快 速、价廉、易于推广。抗体诊断试剂主要为ELISA 试剂和胶体金快速诊断试剂。
检测后出现假阳性结果
可能的原因: 1.血清/血浆样本中含有特殊干扰物质。 2.在超过规定时间后读取结果。 3.该加缓冲液的没有加或者加入检测样本后 几分钟才加入缓冲液，导致非特异性结合没 有被屏蔽 按照说明书加入缓冲液
检测后出现假阴性结果
可能的原因: 1.样本中被检样本浓度低于检测阈值或者快诊试剂检测与复 核实验检测的不是同一标记物。 2.该样本含有的亚型较为特殊或者病毒变异能力强。 3.测试者的样本被稀释。 6.很淡的线条客户判为阴性。（一般背景干净的情况下，T 线处有正常宽度的线条即判阳性，特殊判断方法的除外） 仔 细阅读说明书，按照指定的判读方法判断。 7. 缓冲液加入的量超过说明书的规定。 8.试剂受潮 换用新的试剂检测 。
检验结果的解释
1．阴性结果：仅出现一条红色质控线，实验
结果为阴性。 2．阳性结果：出现质控线和反应线两条红线， 实验结果为阳性。 3．无 效：不出现红线或仅出现一条反应线 红线，实验结果为无效结果，应重试。
分析特异性
分析特异性是指：血清或血浆可能遇见的内源性化 合物、类似物或外加物质可能对本试剂盒检测造成 干扰的分析 。
产品的基本原理
检测原理
本试剂是利用重组表达纯化的结核分枝杆菌
38KD、16KD抗原包被的NC膜和胶体金标记 的鼠抗人IgG及其它试剂制成的胶体金免疫诊 断试剂。运用免疫层析法检测血清或血浆中 的抗结核分枝杆菌抗体，用于结核病的辅助 诊断。此法具有特异性强、灵敏度高、重复 性好、使用方便、显示结果快捷、易于保存 等优点。
结核病的传染
结核病的传染性：不是所有类型的结核病都
具有传染性。也不是任何一个结核病人在其 患病期间的住何时候都具有传染性。 相对来看，肺结核病中的一些类型常常 具有传染性，而肺外结核病（如骨结核病、 脑膜结核等）则不具有传染性。
结核菌是如何传播的
结核菌是如何传播的 ：有痰涂片抗酸杆菌阳性的肺结核病人 才具有传染性，才是结核病的传染源。在肺结核病变中或空 洞中，存在大量繁殖的结核菌。这些结核菌随着被破坏的肺 组织和痰液，通过细支气管、支气管、大气管排出体外。含 有大量结核菌的痰液，通过咳嗽、打喷嚏、大声说话等方式 经鼻腔和口腔喷出体外，在空气中形成气雾（或称为飞沫）， 较大的飞沫很快落在地面，而较小的飞沫很快蒸发成为含有 结核菌的'微滴核'，并长时间悬浮在空气中。如果空气不流 通，含菌的微滴核被健康人吸入肺泡，就可能引起感染。由 此看来，传染性的大小和传染源病人的病情严重性、排菌量 的多少、咳嗽的频度、病人居住房子的通风情况及接触者的 密切程度及抵抗力有关。以上称为'咳嗽传染'，是经科学试 验证的，是最主要的传播方式。也有可能通过随地吐痰形成 的'尘埃传染'，但这是次要的传播方式。