商务英语英汉互译(修订版)

occupational culture 职业文化pragmatic view 实用观点holistic view 整体观点general terms 一般条款general practice 一般惯例verbal offer 口头报价sales confirmation 销售确认unconditional assent 无条件同意elaborate stipulation 详细规定time of validity 有效期接受报价acceptance商务谈判business negotiation可撤销的revocable书面发盘written offer发盘驳回offer rejected受盘人offeree发盘人offeror发盘offer还盘counter-offer询盘inquiryunloading port 卸货港shipping marks 货运标志commercial inspection 商品检验force majeure 不可抗力partial shipment 分批装运shipping documents 货运单证p ayment settlement 支付结算i nsurance policy 保险单expiry date 过期日mail confirmation 信函确认信用状况credit status通知银行notifying bank支付运单shipping document delivery支付运算payment settlement分支机构branch office远期信用证usance L/C货物转运goods transshipment支付条款payment terms申请人applicant受益人beneficiaryirrevocable letter of credit 不可撤销信用证revocable letter of credit 可撤销信用证commercial bill of exchange 商业汇票government guarantee 政府担保confirmed L/C保兑信用证sight draft 即期汇票time draft 远期汇票Eximbank 进出口银行drawee 受票人drawer 开票人economic goods 商品nonprofit organization 非赢利团体after-sale service 售后服务mass production 批量生产stimulation 激励facilitation 便利intense promotion 集中促销consumer groups 消费群economic health 经济良性marketing program 营销计划消费需求consumer demand公共需求publics' demand公司运作firm's operation交换过程exchange process赢利团体profit organization管理需求managing demand预测需求anticipating demand满足需求satisfying demand激烈竞争intense competition销售时代sales eratop management 高级管理层corporate culture 企业文化overall objective 总体目标marketing mix营销组合adaptation 计划调整controllable factor 可控因素marketing environment 营销环境geographic coverage 区域覆盖distribution decisions 分销决策target market 目标市场外部环境external environment价格幅度range of库存管理inventory management只收现金cash-only赊购政策credit policy市场细分markets segment营销渠道marketing outlet特异优势differential advantage销售业绩marketing performance集体目标organization's objectives consumerism 消费主义strong sentiment of nationalism 强烈的民族主义情感impulse buying 冲动购买demand curve 需求曲线oligopolistic market 寡头垄断市场channel competition 渠道竞争identical product 同类产品physical fitness 身体健美independent media 独立媒体production machinery 生产机械精美食品selected food items可控因素controllable factor市场份额marketing share价格控制control over price价格浮动price fluctuation决策过程decision process垄断竞争monopolistic competition政治环境political environment竞争环境competitive environment营销努力marketing effortsdisposable income 税后收入organizational consumer 团体消费者market segmentation市场细分market-oriented manager市场型经理production-oriented manager 生产型经理final consumer 终端消费者discretionary income 可自由支配收入consumer price index 消费价格指数single-earner family 单职工家庭suburban population 郊区人口城市居民city dweller区域差异regional difference头胎儿童firstborn child郊区人口suburban population需求递减率law of diminishing demand消费结构consumption pattern中低收入lower and middle income家庭娱乐home entertainment消费价格consumer price优质优价产品high-priced and high-quality product expenditure pattern 消费结构product attributes 产品特性small-sized package 小型包装concentrated marketing 集中营销undifferentiated marketing 无差别营销market penetration 市场渗透market buildup method 市场累加法sales forecast 销售预测consumer survey 消费调查trend analysis 趋势分析需求群体demand cluster鲜明对比striking contrast产品特色product image全国竞争compete on a national level营销预算marketing budget多种经营diversification统计分析statistical analysis客户抵制consumer resistance短期降价short-term price cutpricing strategy 价格策略elastic demand 弹性需求delayed purchase 延迟购买price-sensitive shoppers 价格敏感型购买者brand-loyal customer 品牌忠诚顾客law of demand 需求定律predatory pricing 掠夺式定价loss leader 亏本出售的商品horizontal price fixing 平行价格固定lesser-quality material 质量较差的材料需求价格弹性price elasticity of demand 平行价格固定horizontal price fixing存货保持成本inventory-keeping costs库存周转比率inventory turnover rate市场控制价格market-controlled pricing价格歧视price discrimination限时折扣discount in limited time最低限价minimum price热销商品best seller买一送一buy one,get one freequantity discount 批量折扣working capital 周转资金list price 价目表bid pricing 招标定价break-even analysis 损益两平分析average-cost pricing 平均成本定价average cost 平均成本aggressive firms 开拓型公司competitive item 有竞争力的品种overhead expense 日常管理费用折扣贴换trade-in allowance库存补贴stocking allowances运作成本operational cost营销功能marketing function声望定价prestige pricing招徕定价leader pricing简单公式simple formula互补产品complementary product 需求曲线curve of demand目标回报target returnstrategic planning 战略计划tactical planning 策略计划planning system 计划体系loss of market share 市场份额丢失upper management 上层管理staff personnel 工作人员s ales forecast 销售预测task force 任务小组capital资金支出预算suboptimal choices 准最佳选择做出更好的决策make a better decision导致更低的利润lead to lower profits避免欠缺的计划avoid deficient planning新计划导致抵制rejection resulting from new plans 市场调查的主任marketing research manager授予权利authorize a power消费预算expenditure budget收入预算revenue budget建立程序set up a program管理思维managing conceptsmacro-sales analysis 宏观销售分析market share analysis 市场份额分析iceberg principle 冰山原理geographic organization 区域组织inherent conflict 内在冲突marketing audit 营销审计sales analysis 销售分析marketing concept 营销观念marketing control 营销控制matching concept 配比观念营销组织结构marketing organization structure完成营销目标to accomplish marketing goals有效工作流程efficient work flows营销信息系统marketing information system快速新闻覆盖rapid news coverage全球销售to sell on a worldwide basis定期评估regular evaluation产品系列product lines以往业绩former performance战略型的strategic current account 往来账户money value 货币价值capital account 资本账户royalties to foreign firms 交给外国公司的税费gold standard 金本体制mercantilist obsession 重商主义情结currency circulation 货币流通devaluation 贬值international capital flow 国际资本流通outflow of capital 资本外流国家经济状况economic status of the country国际收支差额balance of短期投资流动movements of short-term investments 外汇供求平衡foreign money at some equilibrium demand and supply国际收支逆差deficit in the balance of payment货币手段monetary approach金融资产financial asserts归纳手段absorption approach供求弹性elasticity of supply and demand价格及金银price-specieseconomic and financial transactions经济与金融交易double entry bookkeeping 复式簿记credit and debit 贷方和借方surplus or deficit 盈余与赤字errors and omissions 错漏equity interests 股本息reserve accounts 储备金账户portfolio investment 有价证券投资government notes 政府证券BOP disequilibrium 国际收支失衡统计误差statistical discrepancy经常项目current account items惯用做法common practice储备资产reserve capital金融手段financial means单边转移unilateral transfer调整汇率exchange rate adjustment缓冲政策buffering policy出口总值total value of exports购买证券purchase of stockstrade balance 贸易平衡trade surplus 贸易赢余trade deficit 贸易赤字exchange analysis 汇率分析strengthened dollar 强势美元depreciated yen 贬值的日元positive correlation 积极的相互关系Mexican Peso 墨西哥比索jumps in value 升值appreciated yen 升值的日元巨大贸易逆差enormous trade deficit出口大于进口we export more than we import更全面的了解lead to greater insight to美加贸易赤字American-Canadian trade deficit贸易收支平衡the steady balance of trade美元对加元the American Dollar against the Canadian Dollar最大贸易国the largest trading partner汇率的变化changes of exchange rate更好地理解have a better idea of贸易的数据trade datatrading patterns 贸易结构trading partner 贸易伙伴size of the orders 订货规模luxury items 高档商品price elastic 价格弹性price inelastic 非价格弹性market-determined 市场决定的year-over-year changes 年度同比变化artificially overvalued 人为高升值background material 背景材料国家发改委the State Development and Reform Commission推崇日本货highly value Japanese products日本消费品Japanese consumer products越来越希望tend to结构性失衡the structural imbalance大幅贬值greatly depreciated大幅下跌substantially fall商业结构commercial structure高度互补 a high degree of complementarities货币升值currency appreciationscrap disposal 废料处理back order 待发货订单point of origin 原产地contract carrier 合同承运人cost-price squeeze 成本价格紧缩physical distribution 实物流通elasticity of demand 需求弹性expendable supplies 易耗品inventory capital cost存货资金成品production scheduling 生产日程促销活动sales promotion activity产品开发product development销售人员marketing personnel市场营销marketing销售调研marketing research原材料产地origin of raw material商品与服务goods and services竞争者价格competitor's price最高管理层top management流通总成本total cost of performing physical distributioncarload lot 整车货物product line 产品系列warehousing 仓储使用费sales volume 销量inventory control 存货控制breadth of market 市场宽度inventory delivery 存货运输inventory depreciation 存货贬值chief executive manager 首席执行经理marketing administration 市场行政管理产品包装product packing流通比率rate of flow运输经理traffic manager大量运输large quantity shipment生产计划production planning订单服务order servicing存货种类inventory variety存货地点inventory location货运方式mode of transportation生产成本production costplace utility 地点效用interim period 过渡时期order origination 订单发出operations research 运筹学freight transportation 货运运输merchandise delivery 商品运输surface transportation 水陆运输inauguration of service 开始服务replenishment of goods 货物补充electronic data processing 电子数据处理发展后期later phase of development商品差价spread between products管理人员management personnel信息流通flow of information数据传输data transmission存货流通flow of inventory营销策略marketing strategy空运行业airfreight industry引进阶段introductory period订单处理order processingduplication 重复劳动trading entity 贸易实体legal enterprise 法定企业channel jumping 渠道跳跃advertising credit 广告贷款economies of scale 规模经济exchange channel 交易渠道distribution channel 流通渠道bargaining transaction 谈判业务scrambled merchandising 跨品种销售批发商wholesaler经销商distributor中间商middleman / intermediary办事处factory branch office易腐蚀的perishable管理能力managerial capability个人直销personal selling交换地点location of exchange/transfer交换条款term of exchange/transfer渠道成员channel memberterminal user 终端用户unitized load 单位化装货ancillary cost 附加成本conclusive act 决定性行为erratic demand 不稳定需求margin for error 错误余地massed reserves 集中储备assortment closure 产品盘点factory sales outlet 工厂销售点super-organizational management 超组织管理交易目标exchange goal产品存储product storage产品调整product adjustment产品转让product transfer产品搬运product handling信息交流information communication空间价值spatial value买方市场buyers' market业务能力transaction capability交易网络exchange network rationale 理论基础stock-out 库存缺货consumer goodwill 消费者信誉joint economic gain 共同经济利益the placing of an order 发送订单differentiation of goods 产品区分geographical dispersion 地域分散intermediary inventories 中间库存the principle of speculation 推测原则the principle of postponement 推迟原则购买时间time of purchase风险转移shifting of risk逆向推迟backward postponement顺向推迟forward postponement交货时间delivery time规模经济scale economy产品外形form of products零售商品retail facilities渠道结构channel structure远期库存forwardhuman resource 人力资源management style 管理方式/经营风格hardship allowance 困难补贴top-level manager高层管理者foreign assignment 海外任务labor market 劳动力市场global efficiencies 全球效率licensing agreement 许可证协定standard of productivity 生产力标准subsidiary management 子公司管理企业文化corporate culture移动费用moving expense地方管理local management税后收入after-tax income合资企业joint venture安顿费用-in expense官方语言official tongue储藏费用storage expense全球战略global strategy海外补贴overseas premiums生活费用cost of living基本工资base salary preemployment training 上岗前培训postemployment training 上岗后培训compensation policies 补偿政策end-of-the-year bonuses 年底奖金personnel record人事记录系统management inventories 管理清单college recruitment 大学招聘fringe benefits 额外津贴/附加福利labor cost 劳动力成本lay off 解雇工人wage rate 工资率labor court 劳资纠纷法庭class struggle 阶级斗争labor-saving 劳动力节省child labor 童工on the payroll 雇佣board of directors 董事会lifetime employment 终身解雇collective bargaining 集体谈判sociopolitical environment 社会政治环境U11portfolio 有价证券direct mail 直接邮寄line executive 业务管理人员staff position 普通职员placement office 就业指导处intelligence tests 智力测试economic ambitions 经济抱负vocational literature 职业介绍vocational abilities 业务能力m anagerial position 管理职位marketing research 市场调查prospective employers 未来雇主实习internships求职者job seeker/applicant工作氛围work climate发展潜力growth potential能力测试aptitude test择业occupational selection工作实质nature of a job个性测试interest and personality产业接触industry contacts各级管理层levels of managementwant ads 招聘广告job leads 工作导向job fairs 职业交流会job openings 职位空缺sales outlets 销售网点home office 总公司job campaign 求职on-the-job training 岗位培训/在职培训collegiate chapters 大学章程application letter 求职信relocation policies 再分配政策unstructured training 开放式培训履历resume生产线product line年度报告annual report低级职位lower-level position当前目标immediate goals管理变动management change每股收益per share美国劳工部the U.S. Dept. of Labor职业介绍所employment agency strengths 强项marital status 婚姻状况initial interview 初试job counsellors 就业顾问graduate studies 研究生课程vocational interest 职业兴趣application forms 申请书/投资书personal aspirations 个人抱负supervisory role 监督/管理角色弱项学术表现academic performance职业目标professional objective自我测试self assessment平均积分点grade point average犯罪记录criminal records课外活动extracurriculum activities领导能力leadership abilities个人资料personal data决定因素deciding factorsoverhead 企业一般管理费用labor union 工会组织credit standing 信誉price advantage 价格优势personalized product 个性化产品production schedule生产调度unit costs 单位成本work 职员mass assembly 大规模装配线the Yellow Pages 黄页classified section 分类广告栏borrowed funds 借入资金家族企业family business操作规模scale of operation支票兑现check cashing债权发行bond issues创收活动revenue-producing activities可退换销售a merchandise-on-approval program 集资raise funds人事专家personnel specialist电话订单phone orders专用设备specialized equipment决策灵活性decision-making flexibility内部税收代码the Internal Revenue Code。