经典：虚拟语气中的非真实条件句

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if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气

if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气

通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气。.英语中的语气分三种：陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气。虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议，与事实相反的假设或实际可能性不大的情况等（即非真实的假设）。

If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句（虚拟条件句）。真实条件句表示在假设的条件下，有可能实现的情况。非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。

If he does n’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)

If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）

If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）

If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。

假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词

与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形

①与现在事实相反

虚拟语气(2)：非真实条件句

虚拟语气 (2)
二、虚拟语气的表达形式（2））
用于由if 引导的非真实条件句当中：用于由引导的非真实条件句当中： 1. 表示与现在事实相反的假设时，if 从句中用表示与现在事实相反的假设时，动词的一般过去时（动词要用were），动词的一般过去时（be 动词要用），主句用would/ should/ could/might +动词主句用动词原形。原形。 If he were here now, I would explain to him. If they knew the answer, they would tell me.
二、虚拟语气的表达形式（2））
用于由if 引导的非真实条件句当中：用于由引导的非真实条件句当中： 2. 表示与过去事实相反的假设时，if 从句中用表示与过去事实相反的假设时，动词的过去完成时，主句用would, should, 动词的过去完成时，主句用 could, might + have + 过去分词。过去分词。 if he had been here yesterday, I would have explained to him. if they had known the answer, they would have told me.
二、虚拟语气的表达形式（2））
用于由if 引导的非真实条件句当中：用于由引导的非真实条件句当中： 3. 表示与将来事实相反，或将来不可能实现，表示与将来事实相反，或将来不可能实现， if 从句中用动词的一般过去时或用从句中用动词的一般过去时或用were to/should + 动词原形，主句用动词原形，主句用would, should, could, might + 动词原形。动词原形。 if he came here tomorrow, I would explain to him. if he should come here tomorrow,… if he were to come here tomorrow, …

if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气(最新整理)

if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气

If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)

If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）

If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）

If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。

假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词

与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形

①与现在事实相反

虚拟语气 if非真实条件句

should
would sb could + do
might should
现在
would sb could + do
might should
将来
I.Fill in the blanks.
a. If they _w_e_r_e(be) here now, they _w__o_u_ld__t_a_k_e (take) your advice.
happy life.
Fact: The ship sunk.
与过去事实相反
3. If Jay Chou were to come our school tomorrow, I
would take a photo with him.
与将来事实相反
Fact: Jay won’t come to our school tomorrow.
If 条件句
非真实条件句
主句
Situation 过去现在
将来
If clause
If sb had done
were
If sb
did
If sb
did/were were to do
should do
Main clause
Situation
would
sb could+ have done 过去

高中虚拟语气用法解析

高中虚拟语气用法解析（完整版）

一．虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用

非真实条件句：if引导的条件状语从句，但是实现该条件的可能性极小或不可能实现

1.表示与过去事实相反

Eg.If my car had been more reliable,I would have driven to my office.

2.表示与现在事实相反

Eg.In fact,it is certain that we would not be able to understand it if we heard it today.

3.表示与将来事实相反

Eg.

If you succeed,everything would be all right.

Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she were to live there,she wouldn't be able to see her parents.

4.注意事项

(1)W as不可以替代were，虚拟语气中，从句中be动词只有were

(2)错综时间条件句：条件句的行为和主句行为发生的时间不一致，

动词的形式按照主句和从句各自的时间调整。

Eg.

If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now. If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.

高中英语语法讲解——虚拟语气

3.如果表示对过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望，从句谓语动词用过去完成时形式 “had+done/been ”形式。
--I wish you hadn’t made so many spelling mistakes in the last exam. 但愿上次考试你没出那么多拼写错误。
--I wish that I had listened to your advice. 多希望我那时听了你的话。
1.省略整个条件句
--Such mistakes could have been avoided. (省略了if we had been more careful). 这样的错误本来是能够避免的。 --I should have caught the train. (省略了 if I had left a little earlier) 我本应该赶上火车的。
--You cannot do that. It would ruin your life. 你不能那样做，那会毁了你的一生。
--Tom just gives up everything for her. Herry wouldn’t be that silly.
汤姆为她放弃一切，亨利才不会那么傻呢。
但愿你没有那样说。
2.如果表示对将来的愿望，从句谓语动词用 “would (could, might )+动词原形” 的形式。

虚拟语气的用法

一.虚拟语气在简单句中的用法: 谓语动词用原形或may +动词原形

1.表示祝愿

a. Long live our country.

b. May you succeed.

c. May you be happy all your life.

2.表示命令

a. Everybody leave the room.

二.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法: (使用虚拟语气的含条件句的复合句称为“真实条件句”)

1.表示与现在事实相反的情况时, if从句的谓语用动词的过去式(be动词的过去式多用were, 而不用was), 主句的谓语用should / would / could / might +动词原形(should多用于第一人称, would多用于二三人称, could / might可用于所有人称)

a. If I had more time, I should study computer better.

b. If he were not so busy, she would attend the meeting this afternoon.

c. If they didn’t take exercises every day, they wouldn’t be so healthy.

d. If you went to bed earlier, you would not be so sleepy in the morning.

e. If she invited me, I should go to the party.

if引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气（最新整理）

if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句即虚拟语气

If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus.( 真实条件状语)

If he was free, he asked me to tell stories.（真实条件状语）

If I were you, I would go at once.（非真实条件状语从句）

If there was no air, people would die.（非真实条件状语从句）1）非真实条件句中虚拟语气的基本形式。

假设类型条件从句的动词结果主句的动词

与现在事实相反动词过去式（be只用were）would/should/could/might + 动词原形

与过去事实相反had+过去分词would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词

与将来事实相反动词过去式/(should/were to)+动词原形would/should/could/might + 动词原形

虚拟语气在非真实条件状语从句中的用法

If he knew her, he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：
If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。
If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非真实条件状语从句）
If there were no air, people would die.如果没有空气，人就会死亡。（非真实条件状语从句）
2、在非真实条件状语从句中的用法及动词形式
1、表示与现在事实相反的情况：
7、有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。
①省略从句
He would have finished it.他本该完成了。
You could have passed this exam.你应该会通过这次考试了。
②省略主句
If I were at home now.要是我现在在家里该多好啊。
Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。

虚拟语气句型 4 (错综时间虚拟条件句)

虚拟语气句型 4 （错综时间虚拟条件句）

有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。

1. 如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷。

2. 我原先要是听了你的建议，现在工作就不会有麻烦了。

3.如果我是你，昨晚就会去看电影。

4. 如果你身体好一些，我们就会让你参加他们的工作。

5. 如果他跟我讲过此事，我现在就会知道做什么。

例句：

She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.

如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会像那样做了。

If he had listened to me, he would not be in such trouble now.

如果他听了我的话，他现在就不会有这样的麻烦。

If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.

假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。

If you had not studied the problem carefully, you would find difficulty now.

如果当初你没有认真研究这个问题，现在你就会遇到困难。

If you had followed the doctor's advice（then）, you would be all right now.

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用

• 判断是虚拟语气还是陈述语气 • If I have time , I _____ to the doctor. A.will go B.would go C.would have gone
• 虚拟语气所搭配的介词短语 • ______ the fog ,I should have reached my school. A.Because of B.In spite of C.In case of D.But for
用比较级、上下文或其他方式表现隐含的虚拟条件。
eg. A more careful person would not have made such mistakes.
→If you had been more careful, you would not have made such mistakes.
eg. If you were to visit the school tomorrow,
eg. If you should meet him,
主句主+ would/should/could/might +have done <过去将来完成时> nothing would have happened. you would have got there. 主 +would/should/could/might + do <过去将来时> I would go at once. people would die. 主 +would/should/could/might + do <过去将来时>

非真实条件句中的虚拟语气

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中可表示与现在或客观事实相反、与过去事实相反以及与将来事实可能相反的情况。不同时态的非真实条件句采用不同的谓语形式。

1. 表示与现在或客观事实相反的非真实条件句，主句的谓语动词用"would （should ， could ， might ）＋动词原形"，从句的谓语动词用过去式（be 的过去式一般用 were ）。例如： If he were here, I would explain to him myself. 要是他在这里我就亲自向他解释了。 If there were no water on the earth, there would be no life. 如果地球上没有水，就不会有生命。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的非真实条件句，主句的谓语动词用"would （

should ， could ， might ）＋have ＋过去分词"构成，从句用"had ＋过去分词"构成。例如：

I wouldn't have believed it, if I hadn't seen it happen. 要不是亲眼目睹，我决不会相信有这种事。

If I had seen him yesterday, I would have asked him for help. 如果我昨天看见他，我就向他求助了。

3. 表示与将来事实可能相反的非真实条件句，从句的谓语动词用一般过去式或用"should ＋动词原形"或用"were to ＋动词原形"均可，主句的谓语动词则用"would （should, might ， could ）+动词原形"。例如：

虚拟语气-if引导的非真实条件句

1. 真是条件句和非真实条件句

一般而言，虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中是考生们最常见、最常考到的虚拟语气语法点。此种虚拟语气形式也就本课件特定讲解的“if引导的非真实条件句之虚拟语气”。

再讨论此类虚拟语气之前，有必要说明一点：并非所有包含“if引导的非真实条件”从句的句子都是虚拟语气句子。在英语中，虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。因此要判断类似句子是不是虚拟语气，通常的标准是：假设条件不符合客观事实或者实现的可能性极其微小的，通常就是虚拟语气；反之则不是。请理解区别以下句子：

(1)If you don’t hurry up, you will miss the bus. 如果他不快点，他将错

过巴士。( 真实)

(2)If I were you, I would go at once. 如果我是你，我马上就会去。（非

真实，虚拟语气）

2. 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中

1) if假设的条件与现在事实相反或不可能发生。则条件状语从句用一般过去时（任何be动词的原来形式一律改用were），主句用“would(should, could, might)+动词原形”。请理解以下句子：

(1) If I were you, I would work hard.

(2) If we had time, we could play the game again.

2) if假设的条件与过去事实相反或不可能发生。则条件状语从句用“had+过去分词主句”，主句用“would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词”。请理解以下句子：

英语中在非真实条件句中虚拟语气

英语中在非真实条件句中虚拟语气虚拟语气用于非真实条件句中有下列几种情形：

1. 表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词一般用were)”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。如：

①If I were you I would stay here. 如果我是你，我就呆在这儿。

②We would go with you if we had time. 如果我们有时间，会和你一起去的。

2. 表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去完成时”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + have + 过去分词”。如：

①If he had come here yesterday, I should have told him about it. 如果他昨天到这里来，我早就告诉他这件事了。

②If I had seen you yesterday, I would have asked you about it. 如果我昨天看到你，我就会问你这件事。

3. 表示与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，非真实条件句中的谓语动词用“过去式或should或were to + 动词原形”，而主句的谓语动词用“would / should / could / might + 动词原形”。如：

①If it should rain this afternoon, the basketball match would be put off. 要是今天下午下雨，篮球比赛就延期举行。

if非真实条件句的基本用法

if非真实条件句指的是在条件句中表达的情况与实际情况相反或无法实现的情况。基本用法如下：

1. 表达虚拟的条件：如果某种情况是虚构的、不可能或不符合事实的，可以使用非真实条件句来表达。例如：

- If I were a bird, I would fly in the sky.（如果我是一只鸟，我会在天空中飞翔。）

2. 表达不可能实现的愿望：用于表达对不可能实现的愿望或可能性很低的情况。例如：

- If I had a million dollars, I would travel around the world.（如果我有一百万美元，我会周游世界。）

3. 表达建议、命令或要求：用于表示建议、命令或要求，尽管对方可能不会采取相应的行动。例如：

- If I were you, I would apologize.（要是我是你，我会道歉。）

4. 表达对过去情况的推测：用于表达对过去情况的推测或猜测。例如：

- If he had studied harder, he would have passed the exam.（如果他学习更努力，他就会通过考试。）

需要注意的是，非真实条件句常用虚拟语气来表示，即使用“were”代替“was”，并且在条件句中使用动词原形。另外，非真实条件句通常与相应的结果句搭配使用，形成一个完整的条件句结构。

非真实条件句虚拟语气的三种情况

非真实条件句虚拟语气的三种情况虚拟语气是指在表达某个假设或不可能实现的情况时所使用的语气。它在英语中非常常见，尤其是在条件句中。下面我们来看三种情况下的非真实条件句虚拟语气。

1.第一种情况是用于表达现在或将来的假设情况，即虚拟语气的“if+过去式would/could+动词原形”。

例如，如果我会说中文，我就可以去中国旅游了。

这是一个虚拟语气的句子，因为说话者并不会说中文，因此这个假设情况不可能实现。但如果我真的会说中文，那么我就能去中国旅游了。

2.第二种情况是用于表达过去的假设情况，即虚拟语气的“if+过去完成时would/could+have+过去分词”。

例如，如果我当时知道这是一件骗局，我就不会把钱给了他们。

这句话表达了说话者对于过去某件事情的想象，假设说话者当时知道这个事情是一件骗局，就不会给他们钱了。但是现在这个情况已经不能改变。

3.第三种情况是用于表示愿望或建议，即虚拟语气的“if+过去式/过去完成时+should/were to+动词原形”。

例如，如果我赢了彩票，我就会捐一部分给慈善机构。

这个句子表达了说话者对于未来的愿望，如果真的赢了彩票，就会捐一部分给慈善机构。但实际上，说话者并没有赢得彩票，这也是一个不可能实现的情况。

总之，虚拟语气在英语中非常常见，能够用来表达各种各样的假设情况，包括现在、将来和过去，还能够用来表示愿望或建议。熟练运用虚拟语气会让你的英语表达更加生动自然。