heart
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Dept of Anatomy DZX
posteroinferior view
Two surface
Sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle, and a lesser portion of its left is formed by the left auricle and ventricle. It is directed forwards and upwards Diaphragmatic surface is formed the ventricles－chiefly the left ventricle, directed backwards and downwards, and rest mainly upon the central tendon of the diaphragm
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Right ventricle (RV)
Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium through right atrioventricular orifice One inlet－right atrioventricular orifice 右房室口 One outlet－orifice of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉口 Two parts－divided by the supraventricular crest 室上嵴 a 室上嵴, muscular,arched ridge between right atrioventricular orifice and orifice of pulmonary trunkInflow tract 流入道 Dept of Anatomy DZX Outflf Anatomy DZX
posteroinferior view
Four grooves Anterior and posterior interventricular grooves 前后室间沟－mark the 前后室间沟 division between ventricles (which separates the RV from the LV), the two grooves extend from the coronary groove to a notch called: the cardiac apical incisure 心尖切迹 Atrioventricular crux 房室 交点－a junction of the 交点 posterior interventricular groove ,coronary groove.the two atria and two ventricles are close each other here.
Dept of Anatomy DZX
posteroinferior view
Four grooves Coronary sulcus:is a ring-like groove which marks the division between atria and ventricles, contains the trunks of the coronary vessels and encircles the heart Interatrial groove:separates the two atria and is hidden by pulmonary trunk and aorta in front
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Sinus venarum cavarum 腔静 脉窦 Lies posterior to the ridge Smooth walls Fossa ovalis 卵圆窝 卵圆窝－an oval depression, a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale, on the lower part of interatrial septum, the most common location of atrial septal defects (ASD) Limbus fossae ovalis 卵圆 窝缘 – prominent margin of fossa ovalis
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Dept of Anatomy DZX
External characteristics－ pyramidal in shape , consists of： four chambers right and left atria right and left ventricles One apex One base Two surface Three borders Four sulcuses
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Three borders
Right border－vertical, is formed entirely by right atrium Left border－round, is mainly formed by the left ventricle and partly by the left auricle Inferior border－is sharp and horizontal, is formed by the right ventricle and cardiac apex
Dept of Anatomy DZX
The heart is a hollow,muscular organ,and it is a dynamic pump,which can drive blood to flow. The heart size varies with body size,so that it is about the size of a person’s closed fist.
HEART
Dept of Anatomy DZX
•Weight of the heart: 300g •Work: -70beats/min -10000 beats/day -36million beats/year -2.5 billion beats/life •
-70ml/beat
The busy and hard working heart!
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Position
Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages from 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae from 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plane and 2/3 to the left
-
-5000ml/min -7000000ml/day -2700000000ml/year
1900000000000ml/life
•The work of the heart in one life is equivalent to lifting 30 tons to the Mountain Everest
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Chambers of the heart
T8
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Right atrium 右心房 Three inlets Orifice of superior vena cava －returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body Orifice of inferior vena cava －returns blood to the heart from the lower half of the body Orifice of coronary sinus－ returns blood to the heart from the cardiac muscle One outlet right atrioventricular orifice
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Structures Crista terminalis界嵴 －vertical ridge extend from the 界嵴 orifice of the superior vena cava to the orifice of the inferior vena cava. Sulcus terminalis 界沟 －groove on exterior of heart that corresponds to crista terminalis Two parts－separated externally by sulcus terminalis and internally by the crista terminalis Atrium proper 固有心房 Sinus venarum cavarum 腔静脉窦
Inflow tract(sinous part) －rough walls Trabeculae carneae肉柱 －irregular 肉柱 muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the ventricle Papillary muscles乳头肌 乳头肌 －conical-shaped , anterior, posterior and septal Septomarginal trabecula隔缘肉柱 隔缘肉柱 －extends from interventricular septum to base of anterior papillary muscle, contains right bundle branch Outflow tract Conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥 － cone-shaped, smooth area leading upward to orifice of pulmonary trunk Pumps blood through pulmonary Dept of Anatomy DZX orifice to pulmonary trunk
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Atrium proper 固有心房 In front of the ridge Right auricle 右心耳 右心耳－a small conical muscular pouch, projects to the left from the root of superior vena cava, pectinate muscles in wall Pectinate muscles :are ridges which covered the wall of the atrium proper
Dept of Anatomy DZX
External characteristics－ Cardiac apex is formed by left ventricle and is directed downwards and forwards and to the left. It lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 1~2cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline) Cardiac base is formed mainly by the left atrium and only partly by the right atrium. It faces backward, upward and to the right
posteroinferior view
Two surface
Sternocostal surface is formed mainly by the right atrium and right ventricle, and a lesser portion of its left is formed by the left auricle and ventricle. It is directed forwards and upwards Diaphragmatic surface is formed the ventricles－chiefly the left ventricle, directed backwards and downwards, and rest mainly upon the central tendon of the diaphragm
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Right ventricle (RV)
Receives deoxygenated blood from right atrium through right atrioventricular orifice One inlet－right atrioventricular orifice 右房室口 One outlet－orifice of pulmonary trunk 肺动脉口 Two parts－divided by the supraventricular crest 室上嵴 a 室上嵴, muscular,arched ridge between right atrioventricular orifice and orifice of pulmonary trunkInflow tract 流入道 Dept of Anatomy DZX Outflf Anatomy DZX
posteroinferior view
Four grooves Anterior and posterior interventricular grooves 前后室间沟－mark the 前后室间沟 division between ventricles (which separates the RV from the LV), the two grooves extend from the coronary groove to a notch called: the cardiac apical incisure 心尖切迹 Atrioventricular crux 房室 交点－a junction of the 交点 posterior interventricular groove ,coronary groove.the two atria and two ventricles are close each other here.
Dept of Anatomy DZX
posteroinferior view
Four grooves Coronary sulcus:is a ring-like groove which marks the division between atria and ventricles, contains the trunks of the coronary vessels and encircles the heart Interatrial groove:separates the two atria and is hidden by pulmonary trunk and aorta in front
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Sinus venarum cavarum 腔静 脉窦 Lies posterior to the ridge Smooth walls Fossa ovalis 卵圆窝 卵圆窝－an oval depression, a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale, on the lower part of interatrial septum, the most common location of atrial septal defects (ASD) Limbus fossae ovalis 卵圆 窝缘 – prominent margin of fossa ovalis
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Dept of Anatomy DZX
External characteristics－ pyramidal in shape , consists of： four chambers right and left atria right and left ventricles One apex One base Two surface Three borders Four sulcuses
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Three borders
Right border－vertical, is formed entirely by right atrium Left border－round, is mainly formed by the left ventricle and partly by the left auricle Inferior border－is sharp and horizontal, is formed by the right ventricle and cardiac apex
Dept of Anatomy DZX
The heart is a hollow,muscular organ,and it is a dynamic pump,which can drive blood to flow. The heart size varies with body size,so that it is about the size of a person’s closed fist.
HEART
Dept of Anatomy DZX
•Weight of the heart: 300g •Work: -70beats/min -10000 beats/day -36million beats/year -2.5 billion beats/life •
-70ml/beat
The busy and hard working heart!
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Position
Lies within the pericardium in middle mediastinum Behind the body of sternum and coastal cartilages from 2 to 6 In front of thoracic vertebrae from 5 to 8 A third of it lies to the right of median plane and 2/3 to the left
-
-5000ml/min -7000000ml/day -2700000000ml/year
1900000000000ml/life
•The work of the heart in one life is equivalent to lifting 30 tons to the Mountain Everest
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Chambers of the heart
T8
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Right atrium 右心房 Three inlets Orifice of superior vena cava －returns blood to the heart from the upper half of the body Orifice of inferior vena cava －returns blood to the heart from the lower half of the body Orifice of coronary sinus－ returns blood to the heart from the cardiac muscle One outlet right atrioventricular orifice
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Structures Crista terminalis界嵴 －vertical ridge extend from the 界嵴 orifice of the superior vena cava to the orifice of the inferior vena cava. Sulcus terminalis 界沟 －groove on exterior of heart that corresponds to crista terminalis Two parts－separated externally by sulcus terminalis and internally by the crista terminalis Atrium proper 固有心房 Sinus venarum cavarum 腔静脉窦
Inflow tract(sinous part) －rough walls Trabeculae carneae肉柱 －irregular 肉柱 muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the ventricle Papillary muscles乳头肌 乳头肌 －conical-shaped , anterior, posterior and septal Septomarginal trabecula隔缘肉柱 隔缘肉柱 －extends from interventricular septum to base of anterior papillary muscle, contains right bundle branch Outflow tract Conus arteriosus 动脉圆锥 － cone-shaped, smooth area leading upward to orifice of pulmonary trunk Pumps blood through pulmonary Dept of Anatomy DZX orifice to pulmonary trunk
Dept of Anatomy DZX
Atrium proper 固有心房 In front of the ridge Right auricle 右心耳 右心耳－a small conical muscular pouch, projects to the left from the root of superior vena cava, pectinate muscles in wall Pectinate muscles :are ridges which covered the wall of the atrium proper
Dept of Anatomy DZX
External characteristics－ Cardiac apex is formed by left ventricle and is directed downwards and forwards and to the left. It lies at the level of the fifth left intercostal space, 1~2cm medial to the left midclavicular line (9cm from the midline) Cardiac base is formed mainly by the left atrium and only partly by the right atrium. It faces backward, upward and to the right