2016综合类B级部分职称英语
职称英语等级考试综合类(B级)
职称英语等级考试综合类（B级）第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请为每处画线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1 Will you please call my husband as soon as possible?A visitB phoneC consultD invite2 We had a long conversation about her parents.A speechB questionC talkD debate3 The chairman proposed that we stop the meeting.A statedB announcedC demandedD suggested4 Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.A lived onB depended onC believed inD joined in5 There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record.A beatsB maintainsC matchesD tries6 All the pupils seem to be very cheerful.A happyB healthyC naughtyD busy7 The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor.A laidB displayedC keptD stored8 She stood there, shaking with fury.A miseryB laughterC angerD cry9 Mary evidently is the most diligent student among us.A intelligentB beautifulC talkativeD hardworking10 Persistent attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless.A ForcefulB ReasonableC ContinuousD Firm11 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining?A everlastingB longC temporaryD boring12 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake.A shakenB damagedC fallenD jumped13 These paintings are considered by many to be authentic.A faithfulB royalC genuineD sincere14 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.A attractionB simplicityC powerD rigor15 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle.A mistB fogC mysteryD secret第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2016年职称英语等级考试教材综合类WORD版(综合B)
文档2015年职称英语等级考试（综合类）----- word 版考试专用 涂红颜色部分为2016年教材新增文章（与2015年综合教材对比） 涂绿颜色部分为2015年教材新增文章（与2014年综合教材对比） 目录说明： 本书目录中未加符号标的文章难度相当于C 级考试水平，供报考C 级考试的学员阅读；标有“*”的文章相当于B 级考试水平；标有“+”的文章，相当于A 级考试水平。
我们希望，报考B 级的学员同时阅读未加标注的文章，报考A 级的学员同时阅读标有“*”的文章。
第一部分 词汇选项 词汇学习1-10 第二部分 阅读判断 *第五篇 Plants and Mankind *第六篇 Brands *第七篇 Moderate Earthquake Strikes England *第八篇 Easy Learning *第九篇 WhatIs a Dream? *第十篇 The Workers' Role in Management 第三部分 概括大意与完成句子 *第六篇 How We Form First Impression *第七篇 How to Argue with Your Boss *第八篇 Screen Test *第九篇 Transport and Trade *第十篇 Washoe Learned American Sign Language 第四部分 阅读理解 *第十七篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful 引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔 *第十八篇 Goal of American Education 美国教育的目标 *第十九篇 The Family 家庭 *第二十篇 Tales of the Terrible Past 讲述可怕的过去 *第二十一篇 Spacing in Animals 动物的空间距离 *第二十二篇 Some Things We Know about Language 我们知道的关于语言的一些事情 *第二十三篇 The Only Way Is Up 只好向上 *第二十四篇 The Romance of Arthur （2015年新增） *第二十五篇 Income 收入*第二十六篇 Seeing the World CenturiesAgo 看许久以前的世界*第二十七篇 Importance of Services 服务业的重要性*第二十八篇 The National Park Service 国家公园的服务机构 *第二十九篇 I'll Be Bach 我是巴赫 *第三十篇 "Lucky" Lord Lucan - Alive or Dead “幸运的”鲁肯伯爵一是死是活 *第三十一篇 Pool Watch 泳池监护 *第三十二篇 The Cherokee Nation 柴罗基部落 *第三十三篇 Oseola McCarty 老妇人 第五部分 补全短文 *第六篇 Mobile Phones *第七篇The Apgar Test （2016年新增）*第八篇Ice Cream Taster Has Sweet Job （2016年新增） *第九篇 Style, Not Fashion （2015年新增） *第十篇 Ants as a Barometer of Ecological Change第六部分 完形填空 *6第六篇 Teaching and Learning *7.第七篇 The Difference between Man and Computer *8.第八篇 Look on The Bright Side *9.第九篇 The First Bicycle *10.第十篇 Working Mothers 第二部分 阅读判断第八篇 Easy Learning Students should be jealous. Not only do babies get to doze their days away, but they ’ve also mastered the fine art of learning in their sleep. By the time babies are a year old they can recognise a lot of sounds and even simple words. Marie Cheour at the University of Turku in Finland suspected that they might progress this fast because they learn language while they sleep as well as when they are awake. To test the theory, Cheour and her colleagues studied 45 newborn babies in the first few days of their lives. They exposed all the infants to an hour of Finnish vowel sounds — one that sounds like “oo ”, another like “ee ” and a third boundaryvowel peculiar to Finnish and similar languages that sounds like something in between1. EEG2 recordings of the infants brains before and after the session showedthat the newborns could not distinguish the sounds.Fifteen of the babies then went back with their mothers, while the rest were split into two sleep-study groups3. One group was exposed throughout their night-time sleeping hours to the same three vowels, while the others listened to other, easier-to-distinguish vowel sounds.4 When tested in the morning, and again in the evening, the babies who’d heard the tricky boundary vowel all night showed brainwave activity indicating that they could now recognise this new sound. They could identify the sound even when its pitch was changed, while none of the other babies could pick up the boundary vowel at all.Cheour doesn’t know how babies accomplish this night-time learning, but she suspects that the special ability might indicate that unlike adults, babies don’t “turn off” their cerebral cortex while they sleep. The skill probably fades in the course of the first year of life, she adds — so forget the idea that you can pick up tricky French vowels as an adult just by slipping a language tape under your pillow. But while it may not help grown-ups, Cheour is hoping to use the sleeping hours to give remedial help to babies who are genetically at risk of language disorders.翻译：轻松学习学生应该嫉妒。
2016职称英语卫生B真题
第三篇Medicine Award Kicksoff Nobel Prize Announcements 题目暂无Two scientists who have won praise for research into the growth ofcancer cells could be candidates for the Nobel Prize in medicine when the 2008winners are presented on Monday, kicking off six days of Nobel announcements.Australian-born U. S. citizen Elizabeth Blackburn and American CarolGreider have already won a series of medical honors for their enzyme researchand experts say they could be among the front-runners for a Nobel.Only seven women have won the medicine prize since the first NobelPrizes were handed out in 1901.The last female winner was U. S. researcherLinda Buck in 2004, who shared the prize with Richard Axel.Among the pair‟s possible rivals are Frenchman Pierre ChambonandAmericans Ronald Evans and Elwood Jensen, who opened up the field of studyingproteins called nuclear hormone receptors.As usual, the award committee is giving no hints about who is in therunning before presenting its decision in a news conference at Stockholm‟sKarolinska Institute.Alfred Nobel, the Swede who invented dynamite, established theprizes in his will in the categories of medicine, physics, chemistry,literature and peace. The economics prize is technically not a Nobel but a 1968creation of Sweden‟s central bank.Nobel left few instructions on how to select winners, but medicinewinners are typically awarded for a specific breakthrough rather than a body ofresearch.Hans Jomvall, secretary of the medicine prize committee, said the 10million kronor (US $1.3 million) prize encourages groundbreaking research buthe did not think winning it was the primary goal for scientists.“Individual researchers probably don‟t look at themselves aspotential Nobel Prize winners when they‟re at work”, Jornvall told TheAssociated Press. “They get their kicks from their research and theirinterest in how life functions.”In 2006, Blackburn, of the University of California, San Francisco,andGreider, of Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, shared the Laskerprizefor basic medical research with Jack Szostak of Harvard Medical School. Theirwork set the stage for research suggesting that cancer cells use telomerase tosustain their uncontrolled growth.第一篇How Deafness Makes It Easier to Hear 题目暂无Most people think of Beethoven‟s hearing loss as an obstacletocomposing music. However, he produced his most powerful works in the lastdecade of his life when he was completely deaf.This is one of the most glorious cases of the triumph of will overadversity, but his biographer, Maynard Solomon, takes a different view. Solomonargues that Beethoven‟s deafness “heightened” his achievement as a composer. Inhis deaf world Beethoven could experiment, free from the sounds of the outsideworld, free to create new forms and harmonies.Hearing loss does not seem to affect the musical ability ofmusicians who become deaf. They continue to “hear” music with as much, orgreater, accuracy than if they were actually hearing it being played.Michael Eagar, who died in 2003, became deaf at the age of 21. Hedescribed a fascinating phenomenon that happened within three months: “myformer musical experiences began to pl ay back to me. I couldn‟t differentiatebetween what I heard and real hearing. After many years, it is still rewardingto listen to these playbacks, to …hear‟ music which is new to me and to findmany quiet accompaniments for all of my moods. ”How is it th at the world we see, touch, hear, and smell is both “outthere” and at the same time withinus? There is no better example of this connection between external stimulus andinternalperception than the cochlear implant. No man-made device could replacethe ability to hear. However, it might be possible to use the brain‟sremarkable power to make sense of the electrical signals the implant produces.When Michael Edgar first “switched on” his cochlear implant, thesounds he heard were not at all clear. Gradually, with much hard work, he beganto identify everyday sounds. For example, “The insistent ringing of the telephonebecameclear almost at once.”The primary purpose of the implant is to allow communication withothers. When people spoke to Eagar, he heard their voices “coming through likea long-distance telephone call on a poor connection.” But when it came to hisbeloved music, the implant was of no help. When he wanted to appreciate music,Eagar played the piano. He said, “I play the piano as I used to and hear i t inmy head at the same time. The movement of my fingers and the feel of the keysgive added …clarity‟ to hearing in my head.”Cochlear implants allow the deaf to hear again in a way that is notperfect, but which can change their lives. Still, as Michael Eagar discovered,when it comes to musical harmonies, hearing is irrelevant. Even the mostamazing cochlear implants would have been useless to Beethoven as he composedhis Ninth Symphony at the end of his life.第1部分：词汇选项（第1——15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
2016年职称英语《综合B》真题及答案
2016年职称英语《综合B》真题及答案下面是店铺整理的2016年《综合B》部分题型的真题，提供给大家参考。
2016年职称英语《综合B》概括大意真题Tunguska Event1 A hundred years ago this week, a giganticexplosion ripped (撕裂) open the day y above a forest in western Siberia, leaving ascientific riddle that endures to this day.2 A dazzling light pierced the heavens,followed by a shock wave as strong as 1,000 atomic bombs. The explosionflattened 80 million trees across an area of 2,000 square kilometers. Thefireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read their newspapersunder the night sky. What caused the so-called Tunguska Event, named after thenearby Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3 Experts suspect it was a rock that, aftertraveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earth atexactly 7:17 a.m. on June 30, 1908. This possibility worries scientists.“Imagine an unspotted asteroid (小行星) hitting a significant chunk(块) of land ... and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, werepopulated,” the British science journal Nature commented recently.4 But no fragments of the “rock” have everbeen found. Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase ourknowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), sayItalian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonatti and Giuseppe Longo. When thenext Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try todeflect (使偏转) it or blowit up in space.5 However, several rival theories for theTunguska Event exist.Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germany's Bonn University,believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tonsof methane(甲烷)-rich gasfrom deep within earth's crust. Some people hold that the explosion was causedby an alien spaceship crash, or a black hole in the universe.23. Paragraph 224. Paragraph 325. Paragraph 426. Paragraph 5A. Competing ExplanationsB. Unknown AttacksC. Mysterious ExplosionD. Star WarE. Importance of Finding EvidenceF. Explanation that Worries Scientists27. The giganticexplosion that occurred a hundred years ago28. The shock wavewhich followed the dazzling light29. The hypothesisthat the explosion was caused by a rock colliding with the Earth30. Wolfgang Kundt,who has developed an alternative theoryA. has remained a puzzleB. lacks sufficient evidenceC. is a university professorD. was generated by the explosionE. will kill many animalsF. are attacked by aliens阅读判断真题Time to Stop Traveling by AirTwenty-five years ago a young British mancalled MarkEllingham decided that he wanted a change of scenery. So he went toAustralia, stopping off in many countries beween. He also decided to writeabout the experience and produced a guide for other travelers making similarjourneys.In 1970, British airports were used by 32million people. In 2004, the figure was 216 million. In 2030, according togovernment forecasts, it will be around 500 million. It’s a growth driven bythe emergence of low cost airlines, offering access to al l parts of the worldfor less than £100.This has made a huge contribution to globalwarming. One return flight from Britain to the US produces the same carbondioxide (二氧化碳)as a year’smotoring (驾车). A returnflight to Australia equals the emissions (排放)of three average cars for a year. And the pollution is released at aheight where its effect on climate change is more than double that on theground.Mark Ellingham built his business onhelping people travel. Now he wants to help people stop – at least by air.He is calling for a £100 green tax on allflights to Europe and Africa, and £250 on flights to the rest of the world. Healso wants investment to create a low-carbon economy, as well as a halt to airportexpansion.Mark Ellingham’s commitment is importantbecaus e his readers aren’t just the sort of young and adventurous people whowould happily jump on a plane to spend a weekend exploring a foreign culture.They are also the sort of people who say they care about the environment. It'sa debate that splits people down the middle.The tourist industry has responded byoffering offsetting (补偿) schemes. A small increase in the price of a ticket is usedtoplant trees.But critics say that it is not enough tojust be carbon neutral. We should be actively cutting back on puttinggreenhouse gases into the atmosphere. And for the average person, making aplane journey will be his or her largest contribution to global warming. It maybe good to repair the damage we do. But surely it is better not to do the damagein the first place.16. Mark Ellingham spent quite a few days in China onhis way to Australia 25 years ago.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17.Traveling from Britain to any other part of the world may cost you less than £100.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18.A round trip flight from Britain to Australia produces the same amount of carbondioxide as three average cars do in a year.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19.Mark Ellingham has never hesitated to encourage people to travel by.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20.Mark Ellingham's readers are not interested in environmental protection.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21.Critics argue that the best way to protect our environment is not to do anydamage to it.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22.Mark Ellingham will collaborate with the critics in his efforts to fight globalwarming.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned词汇选项真题第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
职称英语《综合类B级》全真试卷及答案（3）
职称英语《综合类B级》全真试卷及答案（3）2016年职称英语《综合类B级》全真试卷及答案France’s new immigration and integration law gives the government n e w powers to encourage high-skilled migration. It takes effect in 2007. T h e n e w law authorizes the government will help these identified employers find immigrant workers with needed skills or qualifications. T he selected foreign employees will be granted “skills and talents” visas valid for three years. But so m e p eople s h o w the concern that it’ll cause brain drain in developing countries.31. M a n y immigrants in the U S took to the streets in early 2006, demanding that_____ .A. John McCain be removedB. they be sent back h o m eC. they be treated as citizensD. their culture be protected32. T h e expression “rounding u p ” in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by_____ .A. encirclingB. separatingC. arrestingD. frightening33. Canada is not very strict with immigration applications because_____ .A. it is a large countryB. it is suffering from labor shortageC. its population is decreasingD. it is a multicultural country34. T o solve the immigration problem, the SpanishGovernment has decided_____ .A. to take tough measures against illegal immigrationB. to let immigrants freely enter the countryC. to integrate immigrants into the Spanish cultureD. to help immigrants find propef jobs35. After France’s n e w immigration and integration law takes effect, it will_____ .A. encourage overseas students to return h o m eB. bring d a m a g e to the unity of the countiyC. arouse anger a m o n g French workersD. m a k e it hard for developing countries to keep talents第一篇 One—room SchoolsOne-room schools are part of the heritage of the United States, and the mention of them makes people feel a vague long for the w a y things were. One-room schools are an endangered species. However, for more than a hundred years, one-room schools have been systematically shut d o w n and their students sent a w a y to centralized schools. A s recently as 1930，there were 149,000 one-room schools in the United States. B y 1970 there were 1,800. Today, of nearly 800 remaining one-room schools more than 350 are in Nebraska. T he rest are scattered through a few other states that have on their road m a p s wide-open spaces between towns.Now that there are hardly any left, educators are beginning to think that m a y b e there is something yet to be learned from one-room schools, something that served the pioneers that might serve as well today. Progressive educators have come up with progressive-sounding names like“ peer-group teaching” and “ multi-age grouping” for educational procedures that occur naturally in the one-room schools. In a one-room schoolthe children teach each other because the teacher is busy part of ttie time teaching someone else. A fourth grader can work at a fifth-grade level in math and a third-grade level in English without the stigma associated with being left back or the pressures of being skipped ahead. A youngster with a learning disability can find his or her o w n level without being separated from the other pupils. In larger urban and suburban schools today this is called mainstreaming. A few hours in a small school that has only one classroom and it becomes clear w h y so many parents feel that one of the advantages of living in Nebraska is that their children have to go to a one-room school.36. We learn from the first paragraph that one-room schools _____ .A. are the best in NebraskaB. are becoming more and more centralizedC. have has a strong influence on American peopleD. need to be shut down37. One-room schools are in danger of disappearing because_____ .A. there has been a trend towards centralizationB. they cannot get top studentsC. they exist only in one stateD. children have to teach themselves38. A major characteristic of the one-room school system is that _____ .A. learning is not limited to one grade levelB. pupils mostly study math and EnglishC. s o m e children have to be left backD. teachers are always busy39. It can be learned from paragraph 2 that m a n y parentsin Nebraska_____ .A. d o n ’t like centralized schoolsB. c o m e from other statesC. received education in one-room schoolsD. prefer rural life40. What is the author’s attitude towards one-room schools?A. CriticalB. Hu m o r o u sC. AngryD. Praising。
职称英语综合类B级真题2016年
职称英语综合类B级真题2016年(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、第1部分：词汇选项(总题数：15，分数：15.00)1.All houses within 100 metres of the seas are at risk of flooding.（分数：1.00）A.in danger √B.out of controlC.between equalsD.in particular解析：[解析] 本句意思：海边100米之内的房屋都有遭遇洪水的危险。
at risk of意思是“冒着……的危险”，与in danger of(处于……的危险中)意思相近。
out of control失去控制；between equals平等地；in particular尤其，特别。
2.The course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.（分数：1.00）A.ideaB.termC.aspectD.coaching √解析：[解析] 本句意思：这一课程教你汽车保养的基本知识。
instruction意思是“指导，使用说明”，与coaching(指导)意思相近。
idea想法，概念；term术语，学期；aspect方面，形式。
3.We are aware of the potential problems.（分数：1.00）A.possible √B.globalC.ongoingD.central解析：[解析] 本句意思：我们意识到潜在的问题。
potential意思是“潜在的，可能存在的”，与possible(可能的)意思相近。
global全球的；ongoing不间断的，持续存在的；central中心的。
4.Stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.（分数：1.00）A.regulatedB.increasedC.fell √D.maintained解析：[解析] 本句意思：有谣言称利率上涨，股票市场价格因此暴跌。
职称英语等级综合类(B级)试题考试试题、答案及题解
职称英语等级综合类(B级)试题考试试题、答案及题解92部分：阅读判断16 B Ireland is me best place in the world t0 live in for 2005,…．爱尔兰是2005年世界上最适合居住的地方，……这是文章中的第一句话。
题干说的是：在长达2005年里，爱尔兰一直是世界上最适合于人类居住的地方。
因此，不对。
17 C 题干说的是：工作稳定是生活质量中最不重要的衡量标准。
文章第三段提到了工作稳定(job security)，但是没有说工作稳定是生活质量中最不重要的衡量标准。
18 A 题干说的是：在爱尔兰生活费用相当高。
这一信息可以从第四段中的词组“the high cost of living”(很高的生活费用)中找到。
19 C 题干说的是：在津巴布韦，家庭生活不稳定。
文章没有提到。
20 A 题干说的是：爱尔兰名居榜首是因为它把新时期的的成分和一些好的传统结合在一起。
这一信息可以从第七段中找到。
21 B 题干说的是：评价生活质量很容易。
第八段是这么说的：The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do．该杂志承认评价生活质量不是一件简单的事。
因此，不对。
22 B 题干说的是：美国在前十名。
事实是它排在第十三名。
有关此信息可以在最后一段找到。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子23 C 本文的标题是：即使是聪明人也会失败。
第二和第三段都跟Edison直接相关。
第二段描述的是他的发明创造。
24 D 本段是。
Edison对失败的看法。
第一句话的意思是：生活中的许多失败是半途而废，这些人不知道其实他们放弃时离成功已经是近在咫尺了。
25 A 本段的第一句话是这么说的：没有人喜欢失败，但是聪明的发明家会从中吸取教训。
注意：一个段落的第一句话常常是主题句。
26 B 本段的第一句话是这么说的：两个世纪来，发明家表现出的一个共同品质是弃而不舍。
职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(3篇)
职称英语综合类B级真题及答案（3篇）职称英语考试综合类B级真题篇一41.It can be inferred from the passage 1 that managersA.were not qualifiedB.disliked “suggestion boxes”C.seldom obtained worker’s opinionsD.never consulted the labor force42.In recent years, many management specialists have been arguing that workersA.are no longer sellers of the productsB.are less affected by company decisions than beforeC.are able to make final decisions for the companyD.should have a way in management of the company43.The word “rank and file” paragraph 2 is closest in meaningtoA.ordinaryB.seniorC.intelligentD.capable44.According to the passage, what happened between 1980 and 1985?A.Managers consulted workers before closing a plant.B.Workers did not make necessary concessionsC.About five million workers were laid off without advance notice.D.Many companies were closed because of strikes.45.If not given a voice in managerial decision making workersA.cannot get a share in the company’s profitsB.can still get bonuses for efficiency and productivityC.may lack the incentive to increase their productivityD.will not have the opportunity to purchase the plant.职称英语综合类A级真题及答案（完整版篇二c. female badgers did not mix with male badgers.d. they may get some of the water they needed from fruit.39. which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?a. they don’t run very quickly.b. they defend their territory from other badgers.c. they hunt over a very large area.d. they are more aggressive than females.40. what happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?a. they became less aggressive towards other creatures.b. they lost interest in people.c. they started eating more.d. other animals started working with them.第三篇why so many childrenin many of the developing countries in africa and asia, the population is growing fast. the reason for this is simple: women in these countries have a high birth rate---from 3.0 to 7.0 children per woman. the majority of these women are poor, without the food or resources to care for their families. why do they have so many children? why don't they limit the size of their families? the answer may be that they often have no choice. there are several reasons for this.one reason is economic. in a traditional agricultural economy,large families are helpful. having more children means having more workers in the fields and someone to take care of the parents in old age. in an industrial economy, the situation is different. many children do not help a family;instead, they are an expense. thus, industrialization has generally brought down the birth rate. this was the case in italy, which was industrialized quite recently and rapidly. in the early part of the twentieth century, italy was a poor, largely agricultural country with a high birth rate. afterworld war ii, italy’s economy was rapidly modernized and industrialized. by the end of the century, the birth rate had dropped to 1.3 children per woman, the world's lowest.however, the economy is not the only important factor that influences birth rate. saudi arabia, for example, does not have an agriculture-based economy, and it has one of the highest per capita incomes in the world. nevertheless, it also has a very high birthrate (7.0). mexico and indonesia, on the other hand, are poor countries, with largely agricultural economies, but they haverecently reduced their population growth.clearly, other factors are involved. the most important of theseis the condition of women. a high birth rate almost always goes together with lack of education and low status for women. this would explain the high birth rate of saudi arabia. there, the traditional culture gives women little education or independence and few possibilities outside the home. on the other hand, the improved condition of women in mexico, thailand, and indonesia explains the decline in birth rates in these countries. their governments have taken measures to provide more education and opportunities for women. another key factor in the birth rate is birth contro1. women maywant to limit their families but have no way to do so. in countries where governments have made birth control easily available and inexpensive, birth rates have gone down. this is the case in singapore, sri lanka, and india, as well as in indonesia, thailand, mexico, and brazil. in these countries, women have also been provided with health care and help in planning their families.these trends show that an effective program to reduce population growth does not have to depend on better economic conditions. it can be effective if it aims to help women and meet their needs. only then, in fact, does it have any real chance of success.41. in a traditional agricultural economy, a large familya. can be an advantage.b. may limit income.c. isn't necessary.d. is expensive.42. when countries become industrialized,a. families often become larger.b. the birth rate generally goes down.c. women usually decide not have a family.d. the population generally grows rapidly.43. according to this passage, italy today is an example of ana. agricultural country with a high birth rate.b. agricultural country with a low birth rate.c. industrialized country with a low birth rate.d. industrialized country with a high birth rate.44. saudi arabia is mentioned in the passage because it showsthata. the most important factor influencing birth rate is theeconomy.b. factors other than the economy influence birth rate.c. women who have a high income usually have few children.d. the birth rate depends on per capita income.5. in mexico, thailand, and indonesia, the government职称英语理工类B真题及答案篇三Agricultural research funding is vital if the world is to feed itself better than it does now. Dr. Tony Fischer, crop scientist, said demand was growing at 2.5% per year but with modern technologies and the development of new ones, the world should be able to stay ahead.“The global decline in investment in international agricultural research must be reversed if significant progress is to be made towards reducing malnutrition(营养不良)and poverty.” he said.Research is needed to solve food production, land degradation(贫瘠化)and environmental problems. Secure local food supplies led to economic growth which is turn, slowed population growth. Dr. Fischer painted a picture of the world’s ability to feed itself in the first 25 years, when the world’s population is expecte d to rise from 5 X to X billion people. He said that things will probably hold or improve but there’ll still be a lot of hungry people. The biggest concentration of poor and hungry people would be in sub-SaharanAfrica and southern Asia in , similar to the current pattern. If there is any change, a slight improvement will be seen in southern Asia, but not in sub-Saharan Africa. The major improvement will be in East Asia, South America and South-East Asia.The developing world was investing about 0.5%, or $8 billion a year, of its agricultural gross domestic product(GDP)on research anddeveloped world was spending 2.5% of its GDP. Dr. Fischer said more was needed from all countries.He said crop research could produce technologies that spread across many countries, such as wheat production research having spin-offs(有用的副产品)for Mexico, China or India.“Technologies still need to be refined for the local conditions but a lot of the strategic research can have global application, so that money can b e used very efficiently.” Dr. Fischer said.Yields of rice, wheat ad maize(玉米)havegrown impressively in the past 30 years, especially in developing countries. For example, maize production rose from 2 to 8 tonnes per hectare between 1950 and 1995. But technologies driving this growth such as high-yield varieties, fertilizers, and irrigation, were becoming exhausted. “If you want to save the land for non-agricultural activities, for forests and wildlife, you’re going to have to increase yield.” Dr. Fisc her said.36. What is the passage mainly about?A. Shortage of food supplies.B. Development of agricultural technologies.C. Impact of agricultural research.D. Expectation of population growth.37. Which of the following sta tements is true about the world’s agricultural research funding?A. It is increasing among developed countries.B. It is decreasing worldwide.C. Less is demanded from developing countries.D. Most of it is spent very efficiently.38. What is the picture of Asia’s food supplies in the first 25years?A. Food shortage will not be a problemB. There will be more hungry people in southern Asia.C. Population growth will result in more hungry people.D. There will be fewer hungry people in East Asia.39. What does Dr. Fischer say about technologies? Dr FischerA. They are costly.B. They have to be improved to meet local needs.C. Their application is limited.D. They have to be applied locally.40. It can be infered from the last paragraph that_____.A. there is a demand for saving land for non-agricultural activities.B. crop production is growing faster in developing countries.C. maize production reached its peak in the 1990s.D. technologies improving maize production have been well developed.。
2016职称英语《综合类B级》全真试卷及答案（1）
⼀：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分) 下⾯每个句⼦中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1 The high-speed trains can have a majorimpact on travel preferences. A force B influence C surprise D power 答案：B 名词。
impact“影响”，influence与其同义，故选B。
本句意为：⾼铁会对旅游偏好产⽣严重影响。
force“⼒量;压⼒”;surprise“惊奇;惊讶”;power“权⼒”。
2 Can you follow the plot? A change B investigate C write D understand 答案：D 动词。
本句意为：你懂这情节吗?此句中follow意为“领悟;能理解”，understand与此同义，故选D。
change“改变”;investigate“调查;研究”;write“写”。
3 Even in a highly modernized country, manual work is still needed. A physical B mental C natural D hard 答案：A 形容词。
本句意为：即使在⼀个⾼度现代化的国家，仍然需要体⼒劳动者。
此句中manual“⼿⼯的;体⼒的”，⽽physical“⾝体(上)的”，两者同义，故选A。
mental“精神的”;natural“⾃然的”;hard“困难的”。
4 In the latter case the outcome can be serious indeed. A result B judgment C decision D event 答案：A 名词。
outcome“结果”，result同义，选A。
judgment“判断;裁决”;decision“决定”;event“事件;项⽬”。
2016职称英语综合B考试版压缩
阅读判断*第六篇BrandsThe word brand is a comprehensive term that encompasses other narrower terms. A brand is a name, term, symbol, and/or special design that is intended to identify the goods or services of one seller or group of sellers. A brand differenti ates one seller‟s products from those of competitors. A brand name consists of words, letters, and/or numbers that can be vocalized. A brand mark is the part of the brand that appears in the form of a symbol, design, or distinctive coloring or lettering. It is recognized by sight but may not be expressed when a person pronounces the brand name.A trademark is a brand that is given legal protection because, under the law, it has been appropriated by one seller. Thus trademark is essentially a legal term. All trademarks are brands and thus include the words, letters, or numbers that can be pronounced. They may also include a pictorial design. Some people erroneously believe that the trademark is only the pictorial part of the brand.One major method of classifying brands is on the basis of who owns them—producers or middlemen. Sunbeam, Florsheim, Spalding (athletic products), and Sara Lee are producers‟ brands, while Allstate, Shurfine, Sysco, Craftsman, and Penncrest are middlemen's brands.The terms national and private have been used to describe producer and middleman brand ownership, respectively. However, marketing people prefer the producer middleman terminology. To say that the brand of poultry feed marketed in three states by a small Birmingham, Al abama, manufacturer is a national brand, whereas the brands of Penney‟s or Sears are private brands, stretches the meaning of the terms national and private.练习1. “Brand” is a general term which covers narrower terms such as “brand name”, “brand mark”, and “trademark”.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned2. A brand name is intended to impress customers with an attractive and original design while a trademark is intended to do so with a peculiar sound.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned3. Trademarks are protected by law while brand names are not.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned4. Some people identify the brand mark with the trademark.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned5. Among various methods of classifying brands, the one based on ownership is widely accepted.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned6. Penncrest is a national brand.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. When classifying brands, marketing people tend to employ the categories of “producer-owned” and “middleman owned”A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned译文：品牌品牌是一个综合性的术语，它包括其他范围更小的术语。
2016职称英语考试真题及答案
2016职称英语考试真题及答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题l分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有下划线，请为每处下划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1、Have you talked to her?lately?stlyB.finallyC.shortlyD.recently2、About?one quarter of?the workers in the country are employed in factories.A.thirdB.fourthC.tenthD.fifteenth3、The dentist has decided to?extract?her bad tooth.A.take outB.repairC.push inD.dig4、We shall keep the money in a?secure?place.A.cleanB.secretC.distantD.safe5、This table is strong and?durable.A.long-lastingB.extensiveC.far reachingD.eternal6、He endured agonies before he finally?expired.A.firedB.resignedC.diedD.retreated7、There are only five minutes left, but the?outcome?of the match is still in doubt.A.resultB.judgementC.estimationD.event8、The great changes of the city?astonished?every visitor to that cityA.attackedB.surprisedC.attractedD.interested9、How do you?account for?your absence from the class last Thursday?A.explainB.examineC.chooseD.expand10、She was?grateful?to him for being so good to her.A.carefulB.hatefulC.beautifulD.thankful11、The city has decided to?do away with?all the old buildings in its center.A.get rid ofB.set upC.repairD.paint12、People from many places were?drawn?to the city by its growing economy.A.fetchedB.carriedC.attractedD.pushed13、He is?certain?that the dictionary is just what I want.A.sureB.angryC.doubtfulD.worried14、Our lives are?intimately?bound up with theirs.A.tenselyB.nearlyC.carefullyD.closely15、The soldier?displayed?remarkable courage in the battle.A.placedB.showedC.pointedD.decided第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信患，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语综合类B级考试真题及答案
职称英语综合类B级考试真题及答案2015职称英语综合类B级考试真题及答案2016年一年一度的职称英语考试即将到来，为了帮助大家能顺利通过2016年的职称英语考试，下面YJBYS店铺为大家带来2015职称英语综合类B级考试真题及答案，供大家参考学习，预祝考生考试成功!第一部分：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1.I will not (tolerate)that sort of behavior in my class.A.acceptB.controlC.observeD.regulate参考答案：C2.The organization was (bold) enough to face the press.A.pleasedB.powerfulC.braveD.sensible参考答案：A3.She’s extremely competent and (industrious).A.honestB.hardworkingC.objectiveD.independent参考答案：B4.Most people find (rejection) hard to accept.A.excuseB.clientC.refusalD.destiny参考答案：D5.These products are (inferior to) those we brought last year.A.narrower thanger thanC.richer thanD.poorer than参考答案：A6.I realized to my (horror) that I had forgotten the present.A.fearB.limitC.powerD.fool参考答案：C7.The law carries a (penalty) of up to three years in prison.A.messsageB.temptC.supplyD.punishment参考答案：C8.We were attracted by the (lure) of quick money.A.amountB.temptC.supplyD.sum参考答案：B9.There was a (simultaneous) trail taking place in the next building.A.fairB.coexistingC.fullD.public参考答案：B10.The doctors did not (reveal) the truth to him.A.discloseB.hideC.handleD.establish参考答案：A11.The political situation in the region has (deteriorated) rapidly.A.improvedB.changedC.developedD.worsened参考答案：C12.They’re (petit ioning) for better facilities for the disabled on public transport.A.requestingB.planningC.preparingD.looking参考答案：A13. He said some (harsh) words about his brother.A. properB. normalC. unclearD. unkind参考答案：A14. He tried to (assemble) his thoughts.A.clearB.shareC. spareD. gather参考答案：A15. Prisoners were kept in the most (appalling) conditions.A.flexibleB. reasonableC. terribleD.serious参考答案：D第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的`短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
职称英语综合类B级-11_真题-无答案
职称英语综合类B级-11(总分100,考试时间90分钟)第1部分：词汇选项1. We have to ask them to quit talking in order that all people present could hear us clearly.A. beginB. ceaseC. continueD. keep2. Because administering the **pany, he sometimes has to work around the clock.A. adjustingB. evaluatingC. engagingD. managing3. He emphasized a feasible plan which can be accepted by the both sides.A. favorableB. possibleC. formalD. genuine4. The repair work involved modifying two of the windows.A. clearingB. changingC. mendingD. painting5. She has been the subject of massive media coverage.A. extensiveB. negativeC. expensiveD. active6. ****prises five persons.A. absorbsB. concernsC. excludesD. involves7. We all consider him a man of dynamic personalities.A. dangerousB. doubtfulC. activeD. easy8. We derive knowledge mainly from books.A. depriveB. obtainC. descendD. trace9. The sea was calm and still.A. quiteB. quietC. yetD. rough10. The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.A. rejectedB. investigatedC. proposedD. postponed11. In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.A. confusesB. excitesC. scaresD. satisfies12. The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.A. locationB. viewC. eventD. landscape13. The local government decided to merge the two firms into a big one.A. motivateB. combineC. compactD. nominate14. When does the next train depart?A. pull upB. pull downC. pull outD. pull in15. The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table.A. suppliedB. gatheredC. graspedD. made第2部分：阅读判断Why is the Native Language Learnt So WellHow does it happen that children learn their mother tongue so well? When we compare them with adults learning a foreign language, we often find this interesting fact. A little child without knowledge or experience often succeeds in a complete mastery of the language. A grown-up person with fully developed mental powers, in most case, may end up with a faulty and **mand. What accounts for this difference?Despite other explanations, the real answer in my opinion lies partly in the child himself, partly in the behavior of the people around him. In the first place, the time of learning the mother tongue is the most favorable of all, namely, the first years of life. A child hears it spoken from morning till night and, what is more important, always in its genuine form, with the right pronunciation, right intonation, fight use of words and fight structure. He drinks in all the words and expressions, **e to him in a flash, ever-bubbling spring. There is no resistance: there is perfect assimilation.Then the child has, as it were, private lessons all the year round, while an adult language-student has each week a limited number of hours, which he generally shares with others. The child has another advantage: he hears the language in all possible situations, always accompanied by the fight kind of gestures and facial expressions. Here there is nothing unnatural, such as is often found in language lessons in schools, when one talks about ice and snow in June or scorching heat in January. And what a child hears is generally what immediately interests him. Again and again, when his attempts at speech are successful, his desires are understood and fulfilled.Finally, though a child's "teachers" may not have been trained in language teaching, their relations with him are always close and personal. They take great pains to make their lessons easy.1. Compared with adults learning a foreign language, children learn their native language with ease.A. A. RightB. B. WrongC. C. Not mentioned2. Adults' knowledge and mental powers hinder **plete mastery of a foreign language.A. A. RightB. B. WrongC. C. Not mentioned3. The reason why children learn their mother tongue so well lies solely in their environment of learning.A. A. RightB. B. WrongC. C. Not mentioned4. Plenty of practice in listening during the first years of life partly ensures children's success of learning their mother tongue.A. A. RightB. B. WrongC. C. Not mentioned5. A child learning his native language has the advantage of having private lessons all the year round.A. A. RightB. B. WrongC. C. Not mentioned6. Gestures and facial expressions may assist a child in mastering his native language.A. A. RightB. B. WrongC. C. Not mentioned7. So far as language teaching is concerned, the teacher's close personal relationship with the student is more important than the professional language teaching training he has received.A. A. RightB. B. WrongC. C. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子Hurricanes (龙卷风)Did you know that before 1950, hurricanes had no names? They were simply given numbers. The first names were simply Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, etc. but in 1953, females names were given because of the unpredictability (不可预知) factor of the storms. In 1979, realizing the sexist (性别歧视的) nature of such names, the lists were expanded to include both men and women.Hurricanes and typhoons (台风) are the same things. If they form in the Atlantic, we call these strong storms hurricanes, from the West Indian word hurricane, meaning "big wind". And if they are Pacific storms, they are called typhoons from the Chinese taifun, meaning "great wind". To be classified as a hurricane, the storm must have maximum winds of at least 75 mph. These storms are big, many hundreds of miles in diameter.Hurricanes get their power from water vapor as it gives out its stored-up energy. All water vapor gives out heat as it condenses (凝结) from a gaseous state to a liquid state over fixed points on the equator (赤道). To make a hurricane, you must have extremely wet, warm air, the kind of air that can only be found in tropical region.Scientists have determined that the heat given out in the process of water condensation can be as high as 95 billion kilowatts per hour. In just one day alone, the storm can produce more energy than many industrialized nations need in an entire year! The problem is that we don't know how to make sure such great energy work for us.Predicting the path of a hurricane is one of the most difficult tasks for forecasters. It moves at a typical speed of 15 mph. But not always. Some storms may race at twice this speed, then suddenly stop and remain in the same location for several days. It can be maddening (发疯的) if you live in a coastal area that may be hit.The biggest advance in early detection is continuous watch from weather satellites. With these, we can see the storms form and track them fully, from birth to death. While they can still kill people and destroy property, hurricanes will never surprise any nation again.1. Paragraph 1 ______2. Paragraph 2 ______3. Paragraph 3 ______4. Paragraph 4 ______5. Both male and female names are used for hurricanes in consideration of ______. A. the timely discovery6. Using weather satellites can ensure ______of hurricanes.7. Energy specialists may be interested in ______of hurricanes.8. Scientists cannot accurately predict the course of a hurricane due to ______.第4部分：阅读理解第一篇"Salty" Rice Plant Boosts HarvestsBritish scientists are breeding a new generation of rice plants that will be able to grow in soil containing salt water. Their work may enable abandoned farms to become productive once more. Tim Flowers and Tony Yeo, from Sussex University's School of Biological Sciences, have spent several years researching how crops, such as rice, could be made to grow in water that has become salty.The pair have recently begun a three-year programme, funded by the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, to establish which genes enable some plants to survive salty conditions. The aim is to breed this capability into crops, starting with rice.It is estimated that each year more than 100 hectares (公顷) of agricultural land are lost because salt gets into the soil and stunts (妨碍生长) plants. The problem is caused by several factors. In the tropics, mangroves (红树林) that create swamps (沼泽) and traditionally formed barriers to sea water have been cut down. In the Mediterranean, a series of droughts have caused the water table to drop, allowing sea water to seep (渗透) in. In Latin America, irrigation often causes problems when water is evaporated (蒸发) by the heat, leaving salt deposits behind.Excess salt then enters the plants and prevents them functioning normally. Heavy concentrations of minerals in the plants stop them drawing up the water they need to survive.To **e these problems, Flowers and Yeo decided to breed rice plants that take in very little salt and store what they do absorb in cells that do not affect the plants' growth. They have started to breed these characteristics into a new rice crop, but it will take about eight harvests before the resulting seeds are ready to be considered **mercial use.Once the characteristics for surviving salty soil are known, Flowers and Yeo will try to breed the appropriate genes into all manners of crops and plants. Land that has been abandoned to nature will then be able to bloom again, providing much needed food in the poorer countries of the world.1. Which of the following statements about Flowers and Yeo is TRUE?A. They are students at Sussex University.B. They are rice breeders.C. They are husband and wife.D. They are colleagues at an institution of higher learning.2. Flowers and Yeo have started a programme ______.A. to find ways to prevent water pollutionB. to identify genes that promote growth ha salty soilC. to breed rice plants that taste saltyD. to find ways to remove excessive salt from soil3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of the problem discussed in the passage?A. Natural barriers to sea water have been destroyed.B. The water table has gone down after droughts.C. Sea level has been continuously rising.D. Evaporation of water leaves salt behind.4. The word "affect" in Paragraph 6 could be best replaced by ______.A. "influence"B. "effect"C. "stop"D. "present"5. The attitude of the author towards the research project is ______.A. positiveB. negativeC. suspiciousD. indifferent第二篇Importance of ServicesThe United States has moved beyond the industrial economy stage to the point where it has become the world's first service economy. Almost three fourths of the non-farm labor force is employed in service industries, and over two-thirds of the nation's gross national product is accounted for by services. Also, service jobs typically hold up better during a recession than do jobs in industries producing tangible goods.During the 20-year period of 1966 to 1986, about 36 million new jobs were created in the United States —far more than in Japan and Western **bined. About 90 per cent of these jobs were in service industries. During this same time span, some 22 million women joined the labor force — and 97 per cent of these women went to work in the service sector. These employment trends are expected to continue at least until the year 2000. For the period 1986—2000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics predicts that over 21 million new jobs will be created and 93 per cent of them will be in service industries.Moreover, most of this explosive growth in services employment is not in low — paying jobs, contrary to the beliefs of many economists, business and labor leaders, and politicians. These people argue that manufacturing jobs, which have been the economic foundation of America's middle class, are vanishing. They claim that factory workers are being replaced with a host of low-wage earners. It is true that manufacturing jobs have declined, with many of them going to foreign countries. It is also true that there has been growth in some low-paying service jobs. Yet cooks and counter people still represent only 1 per cent of the US labor force today. Furthermore, for many years the fastest-growing occupational category has been "professional, technical, and related work." These jobs pay well above the average, and most are in service industries.About one-half of consumer expenditures are for the purchase of services. Projections to the year 2000 indicate that services will attract all even larger share of consumer spending. A drawback of the service economy boom is that the prices of most services have been going up at a considerably faster rate than the prices of most tangible products. You are undoubtedly aware of this if you have had your car or TV set repaired, had your shoes half-soled, or paid a medical bill in recent years.When we say that services account for close to one-half of consumer expenditures, we still grossly understate the economic importance of services. These figures do not include the vast amounts spent for business services. By all indications, spending for business services has increased even more rapidly than spending for consumer services.gross national product 国民生产总值, 略作GNPtangible goods 有形商品drawback n. 缺点; 不利条件6. The first paragraph intends to tell US that ______.A. services are more important than industries producing tangible goodsB. services are importantC. service jobs make more money than other jobsD. services are **fortable than other jobs7. Between 1966 and 1986, the United States created about______.A. 32.4 million service jobsB. 32. 4 million jobsC. 22 million service jobsD. 19.8 million service jobs8. Many economists, business and labor leaders and politicians believe that______.A. most of the explosive growth in service employment is not in low-paying jobsB. most of the fast growth in the service sector is in low-paying jobsC. manufacturing jobs are disappearing because they are no longer attractiveD. most of the fast growth in the service sector is in high-paying jobs9. The importance of services can be shown______.A. only by consumer expenditureB. only by money spent on business servicesC. by money spent on business services as well as on consumer servicesD. only by money spent on food and housing10. What does the writer of this passage disapprove of regarding services now?A. Their fast growth.B. Their decline.C. Their prices~D. Their quality.第三篇Common-cold SenseYou can't beat it, but you don't have to join it. Maybe it got the name "common cold" because it's **mon in winter. The fact is, though, being cold doesn't have anything to do with getting one. Colds are caused by the spread of rhinoviruses, and, at least so far, medical science is better at telling you how to avoid getting one than how to get rid of one.Children are the **mon way cold viruses are spread to adults, because they have more colds than adults—an average of about eight per year. Why do kids seem so much more easily to get colds than their parents? Simple. They haven't had the opportunity to become immune to many cold viruses.There are more than 150 different cold viruses, and you never have the same one twice. Being infected by one makes you immune to it--but only it.Colds ale usually spread by direct contact, not sneezing or coughing. From another person's hand to your hand and then to your nose or eyes is the **mon route. The highest concentration of cold viruses anywhere is found under the thumbnails of a boy, although the viruses can survive for hours on skin or other smooth surfaces.Hygiene is your best defense. Wash your hands frequently, preferably with a disinfectant soap, especially when children in your household have colds.But even careful hygiene won't ward off every cold. So, what works when a coughing, sneezing, runny nose strikes?The old prescription of two aspirins, lots of water, and bed rest is a good place to start. But you'll also find some of the folk remedies.., worth Wing. Hot mixtures of sugar (or honey), lemon, and water have real benefits.rhinovirus n. 鼻病毒immune adj. 免疫的，有免疫力disinfectant n. 消毒剂，杀菌剂prescription n. 诀窍；处方，药方sneeze vi. 打喷嚏thumbnail n.拇指11. According to the essay, you may have a cold because______.A. the weather is too coldB. the spread of rhinoviruses gets people infectedC. another person's coughing passes the cold to youD. you wash your hands too often12. The best way to keep yourself from getting colds is______.A. to keep yourself cleanB. to use a disinfectant soapC. to take two aspirins every dayD. to drink lots of water13. Children have more colds because______.A. they are usually infected about eight times each yearB. they are not immune to many cold viruses yetC. they never wash their hands so that their thumbnails are dirtyD. they don't like eating lemon14. When you are having a cold,______.A. it is always the same kind of cold that you had last timeB. it may be the same kind of cold that you had last timeC. it is certainly not the same kind of cold that you had last timeD. it is probably not the same kind of cold that you had last time15. When one is having a cold, he may often have all the following symptoms EXCEPT______.A. coughingB. having a sore throatC. having a runny noseD. having a stomachache第5部分：补全短文WritingLike fine food, good writing is something we approach with pleasure and enjoy from the first taste to the last. (1) Quite the contrary, just as the cook has to undergo an intensive training, mastering the skills of his trade, the writer must sit at his desk and devote long hours to achieving a style in his writing, whatever its purpose-school work, matters of business, or purely**munication. (2)There are still some remote places in the world where you might find someone to do your business or social writing for you, for a fee. There are a few mangers who are lucky enough to have the service of that rare kind of secretary who can take care of all sorts of letter writing with no more than a quick note to work from. (3)We have to write school papers, business papers or home papers. We are constantly called on to put words to paper. It would be difficult to count the number of such words, messages, letters, and reports put to the mails or delivered by hand, but the daily figure must be enormous. (4) We want to arouse and hold the interest of readers. We want whatever we write to be read, from first word to last, not thrown into some "letters-to-be-read" file or into a wastepaper basket. (5)A. But for most of us, if there is any writing to be done, we have to do it ourselves.B. However, the managers may sometimes cause the writers a lot of trouble.C. Any good writers, like good cooks, do not suddenly appear full-blown (成熟的).D. What is more, everyone who writes expects, or at least hopes, that his writing will be read.E. This is the mason we bend our efforts toward learning and practicing the skills of interesting, effective writing.F. You may be sure that the greater the effort, the more effective the writing, and the more rewarding.1.2.3.4.5.第6部分：完形填空One Good Reason to Let Smallpox LiveIt's now a fair bet that we will never see the total extinction of the smallpox virus. The idea was to cap the glorious achievement of 1980, when smallpox was eradicated in the wild, by destroying the killer virus in the last two labs that are supposed to have it — one in the US and one in Russia. If smallpox had truly gone from the planet, what point Was there in keeping these reserves?(1) reality, of course, it was naive to (2) that everyone would let (3) of such a potent potential weapon. Undoubtedly several nations still have (4) vials. (5) the last "official" stocks of live virus bred mistrust of the US and Russia, (6) no obvious gain.Now American researchers have (7) an animal model of the human disease, opening the (8) for tests on new treatments and vaccines. So once again there's a good reason to (9) the virus — just in (10) the disease puts in a reappearance.How do we (11) with the mistrust of the US and Russia? (12) . Keep the virus (13) international auspices in a well-guarded UN laboratory that's open to all countries. The US will object, of course, just as it rejects a multilateral approach to just about everything. But it doesn't (14) the idea is wrong. If the virus (15) useful, then let's make it the servant of all humanity — not just a part of it.smallpox n. 天花vial n. 小瓶auspices n. 赞助；支持cap vt. 结束；覆盖potent adj. 有效力的；强有力的 mistrust n. 不信任，怀疑1.A. InB. OnC. AtD. For2.A. knowB. imagineC. realizeD. be aware3.A. to goB. goingC. goD. went4.A. muchB. moreC. mostD. a few5.A. AndB. WhileC. WhereasD. Although6.A. sinceB. forC. becauseD. of7.A. looked forB. soughtC. foundD. talked about8.A. methodB. roadC. streetD. way9.A. keepB. putC. destroyD. eradicate10.A. needB. caseC. necessityD. time11.A. handleB. tackleC. dealD. treat12.A. DifficultB. HardC. SafeD. Simple13.A. underB. inC. onD. for14.A. sayB. meanC. stateD. declare15.A. will beB. would beC. isD. are。
2016职称英语综合类 B
2016年职称英语考试B级全真模拟试题-----综合类一：词汇选项(第1～15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1 It is obvious that he will win the game．A likelyB possibleC clearD strange2 There is no risk to public health．A pointB dangerC chanceD hope3 Did anyone call me when was out?A invite C answerB name D phone4 It took us along time to mend the houseA buildB destroyC designD repair5 I don’t quite follow what she is saying．A believeB understandC explainD accept6 We can no longer put up with his actionsA bearB acceptC supportD oppose7 Loud noises can be irritating．A confusingB interestingC stimulatingD annoying8 That player is eternally arguing with the refereeA desperately C eventuallyB constantly D extensively9 The governor gave a rather vague outline of his tax plan.A unclearB firmC shortD neat10 Gambling is lawful in Nevada?A popularB boomingC legalD profitable11 These are their motives for doing it-A reasonsB excusesC answersD plans12 The river widens considerably as it begins to turn west.A twistsB stretchesC broadensD bends13 Henry cannot resist the lure of drugs-A abuseB flavorC temptationD consumption14 These programmes are of immense value to old people?A naturalB fatalC tinyD enormous15 A great deal has been done to remedy the situationA maintainB improveC assessD protect第2部分：阅读判断(第16—22题，每题1分，共7分) 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。
2016职称英语《综合类B级》全真试卷及答案（3）
第1部分：词汇选项(第1-1 5 题，每题1分，共15分) 下⾯每个句⼦中均有1 个词或短语画有下画线，请为每处画线部分确定1 个意义最为接近的选项。
1. He is in a rather difficult situationat present.A. locationB. positionC. preparationD. station 2. It is hard for m e to give you a definite answer.A. sureB. correctC. realD. clear 3. The police arrested the suspect yesterday and released him this morning.A. freedB. relievedC. kickedD. liberated 4. On behalf of everyone in this party, I wish you a very happy birthday.A. PresentingB. AssistingC. RepresentingD. Cheating 5. It is said that Joe comes from a wealthy family.A. poorB. largeC. richD. happy 6. Even though his parents wanted him to become a doctor, Peter, chose his vocation as a writer.A. vacationB. professionC. workD. variety 7. The plane will be taking off in approximately 10 minutes.A. aboutB. possiblyC. probablyD. rarely 8. D o you have any pen friends?A. childrenB. palsC. writersD. students 9. There w as a rapid increase in population in the last century.A. slowB. highC. shockingD. quick 10. Because of gambling, his debt has amounted to 20,000 dollars.A. reachedB. lostC. arrivedD. rose 11. Human beings cannot exist without air.A. liveB. breatheC. exerciseD. grow 12. T he gold medal w o n by two Chinese girls in the w o m e n ’s doubles of tennis is of great significance.A. happinessB. difficultyC. importanceD. impatience 13. Safety is always our primary concern.A. leastB. secondaryC. lastD. chief 14. Charges for local telephone calls are outrageous.A. unheard ofB. unacceptableC. unbelievableD. ridiculous 15. The boy ahead of m e is m y classmate.A. at the back ofB. behindC. in front ofD. in the front of 第2 部分：阅读判断(第16-2 2 题，每题1 分，共7 分} 下⾯的短⽂后列出了7 个句⼦，请根据短⽂的内容对每个句⼦做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A ; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B ; 如果该句的信息⽂中没有提及，请选择C 。
2016年职称英语考试真题《综合B》真题及答案
⼀、词汇选项1.【题⼲】All houses within 100 meters of the seas are at risk of flooding. 【选项】 A.in danger B.out of control C.between equals D.in particular 【答案】A 【解析】 2.【题⼲】The course gives you basic instruction in maintenance. 【选项】 A.idea B.term C.aspect D.coaching 【答案】D 【解析】 3.【题⼲】We are aware of the potential problems. 【选项】 A.possible B.global C.ongoing D.central 【答案】A 【解析】 4.【题⼲】Stock market tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate. 【选项】 A.regulated B.increased C.fell D.maintained 【答案】C 【解析】 5.【题⼲】The revelation of his past led to his resignation. 【选项】 A.imagination B.confirmation C.recall D.disclosure 【答案】D 【解析】 6.【题⼲】The details of the costume were totally authentic. 【选项】 A.real B.outstanding C.creative D.false 【答案】A 【解析】 7.【题⼲】The new garment fits her perfectly. 【选项】 A.haircut B.purse C.clothes D.necklace 【答案】C 【解析】 8.【题⼲】We are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty. 【选项】 A.stable B.suitable C.changeable D.adaptable 【答案】C 【解析】 9.【题⼲】The idea quite brilliant. 【选项】 A.positive B.key C.original D.clever 【答案】D 【解析】 10.【题⼲】They have built canals to irrigate the desert. 【选项】 A.decorate B.change C.water D.visit 【答案】C 【解析】 11.【题⼲】Her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler. 【选项】 A.disabled B.pupil C.baby D.teenager 【答案】C 【解析】 12.【题⼲】The coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold. 【选项】 A.warm B.severe C.hard D.dry 【答案】A 【解析】 13.【题⼲】The phobia may have its roots in a childhood trauma. 【选项】 A.fear B.joy C.hurt D.memory 【答案】C 【解析】 14.【题⼲】You will have to sprint if you want to catch the train. 【选项】 A.jump B.run C.escape D.prepare 【答案】B 【解析】 15【题⼲】Jensen is a dangerous man, and can be very brutal. 【选项】 A.careless B.strong C.cruel D.hard 【答案】C 【解析】⼆、阅读判断Time to Stop Traveling by AirTwenty-five years ago a young British man called Mark Ellingham decided that he wanted a change of scenery. So he went to Australia, stopping off in many countries between. He also decided to write about the experience and produced a guide for other travelers making similar journeys.In 1970, British airports were used by 32million people. In 2004, the figure was 216 million. In 2030, according to government forecasts, it will be around 500 million. It's a growth driven by the emergence of low cost airlines, offering access to all parts of the world for less than ￡100.This has made a huge contribution to global warming. One return flight from Britain to the US produces the same carbon dioxide(⼆氧化碳)as a year's motoring(驾车). A return flight to Australia equals the emissions(排放)of three average cars for a year. And the pollution is released at a height where its effect on climate change is more than double that on the ground.Mark Ellingham built his business on helping people travel. Now he wants to help people stop – at least by air.He is calling for a ￡100 green tax on all flights to Europe and Africa, and ￡250 on flights to the rest of the world. He also wants investment to create a low-carbon economy, as well as a halt to airport expansion.Mark Ellingham's commitment is important because his readers aren't just the sort of young and adventurous people who would happily jump on a plane to spend a weekend exploring a foreign culture. They are also the sort of people who say they care about the environment. It's a debate that splits people down the middle.The tourist industry has responded by offering offsetting(补偿)schemes. A small increase in the price of a ticket is used to plant trees.But critics say that it is not enough to just be carbon neutral. We should be actively cutting back on putting green house gases into the atmosphere. And for the average person, making a plane journey will be his or her largest contribution to global warming. It maybe good to repair the damage we do. But surely it is better not to do the damage in the first place. 16.【题⼲】Mark Ellingham spent quite a few days in China on his way to Australia 25 years ago.【选项】【答案】C【解析】17.【题⼲】Traveling from Britain to any other part of the world may cost you less than ￡100.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】A【解析】18.【题⼲】A round trip flight from Britain to Australia produces the same amount of carbon dioxide as three average cars do in a year.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】19.【题⼲】Mark Ellingham has never hesitated to encourage people to travel by.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】【解析】20.【题⼲】Mark Ellingham's readers are not interested in environmental protection.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】B【解析】21.【题⼲】Critics argue that the best way to protect our environment is not to do any damage to it.【选项】【答案】A【解析】22.【题⼲】Mark Ellingham will collaborate with the critics in his efforts to fight global warming.【选项】A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned【答案】C【解析】三、概括⼤意与完成句⼦Tunguska Event1.A hundred years ago this week, a gigantic explosion ripped(撕裂)open the clear sky above a forest in western Siberia, leaving a scientific riddle that endures to this day.2.A dazzling light pierced the heavens, followed by a shock wave as strong as 1000 atomic bombs. The explosion flattened 80 million trees across an area of 2000 square kilometers. The fireball was so great that, a day later, Londoners could read after the nearly Podkamennaya Tunguska river, still remains a mystery.3.Experts suspect it was a rock that, after traveling in space for millions of years, was destined to crash to Earth as exactly 7:17 a.m on June 30, 1908. This possibility worries scientists. "Imagine an unspotted asterold(⼩⾏星)hitting a significant chunk of land and imagine if that area, unlike Tunguska, were populated," the British science journal Nature commented recently.4.But no fragments of the "rock" have ever been found Finding such evidence would be important, for it would increase our knowledge about the risk posed by dangerous Near Earth Objects (NEOs), say Italian researchers Luca Gasperini, Enrico Bonam and Gisueppe Longo. When the next Tunguska NEO approaches, scientists will have to decide whether to try to deflect(使偏转)it or blow it up in space.5.However, several rival theories for the Tunguska Event exist. Wolfgang Kundt, a professor at Germany's Boon University, believes the Tunguska Event was caused by a massive escape of 10 million tons of methane(甲烷)-rich gas from deep within earth's crust. Some people hold that the explosion was caused by an alien spaceship crash, of a black hole in the universe.23.【题⼲】Paragraph 2_____【选项】peting ExplanationsB.Unknown AttacksC.Mysterious ExplosionD.Star WarE.Importance of Finding EvidenceF.Explanation that Worries Scientists【答案】C【解析】24.【题⼲】Paragraph 3_____【选项】peting ExplanationsB.Unknown AttacksC.Mysterious ExplosionD.Star WarE.Importance of Finding EvidenceF.Explanation that Worries Scientists【答案】F【解析】25.【题⼲】Paragraph 4_____【选项】peting ExplanationsB.Unknown AttacksC.Mysterious ExplosionD.Star WarE.Importance of Finding EvidenceF.Explanation that Worries Scientists【答案】E【解析】26.【题⼲】Paragraph 5_____【选项】peting ExplanationsB.Unknown AttacksC.Mysterious ExplosionD.Star WarE.Importance of Finding EvidenceF.Explanation that Worries Scientists【答案】A【解析】27.【题⼲】The gigantic explosion that occurred a hundred years ago_____【选项】A.has remained a puzzlecks sufficient evidenceC.is a university professorD.was generated by the explosionE.will kill many animalsF.are attacked by aliens【答案】A【解析】。
2016年英语b级答案
2016年英语b级答案【篇一：2016年职称英语理工类b级考试真题与答案】ass=txt>1.the revelation of his past led to his resignation.a.imaginationb.disclosurec.confirmationd.recall参考答案：b2.jensen is dangerous man, and can be very brutal.a.carelessb.cruelc.strongd.hard参考答案：ba.jumpb.escapec.rund.prepare参考答案：c4.we are worried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.a.changebleb.stablec.suitabled.adaptable参考答案：a5.the new garment fits her perfectly.a.haircutb.pursec.clothesd.necklace参考答案：c6.the phobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.a.fearb.joyc.hurtd.memory参考答案：ca.decorateb.waterc.changed.visit参考答案：b8.her overall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.a.disabledb.pupilc.teenagerd.baby参考答案：d9.the coastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remain extremely cold.a.warmb.severec.hardd.dry参考答案：a10.the details of the costume were totally authentic.a.realb.outstandingc.creatived.false参考答案：aa.globalb.possiblec.ongoingd.central参考答案：b12.the idea was quite brilliant.a.positiveb.cleverc.keyd.original参考答案：b13.stock market price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.a.regulatedb.increasedc.maintainedd.fell参考答案：d14.the course gives you basic instruction in car maintenance.a.coachingb.ideac.termd.aspect参考答案：aa.in dangerb.out of controlc.between equalsd.in particular 参考答案：a二、阅读判断the theory of everyoneif stephen hawking lives until the year 2017, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than his doctors expected. when he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had a rare disease. this disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of thenerve cells in the brain cells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. death almost always occurs within two or three years. today stephen hawking cannot walk or speak. he cannot move his arms or his head. he cannot taste or smell anything. and yet this man is professor ofmathematics at cambridge university, a position held by the famous scientist isaac newton in 1669.hawking is often described as the greatest scientist since albert einstein, but to the world outside science, he is also known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. his book, a brief history of time, has sold over eight million copies.he says that since he does not have to think about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about, such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his time to thinking. this puts him in the perfect position to find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. his question is: is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?despite his tremendous physical disabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about the origin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it will probably end. he has also been able to explain the secrets of 【篇二：2016年重庆市中考英语b卷及答案】>6月14日11:00前重庆市2016年初中毕业暨高中招生考试英语试题（b卷）（全卷共九个大题满分：150分考试时间：120分钟）注意事项：1. 试题的答案书写在答题卡上，不得在试卷上直接作答。
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Mobile Phones根据科学家罗伯特·贝尔的观点，如果移动电话被证实是一种辐射危害的来源的话，那在上面应该贴一个标签。
而且直到移动电话发射塔的电磁辐射对人体健康的长期影响有一个合乎科学的评价之前，不能建造更多的发射塔。
“没有人会在一个晚上就倒地死去，伹我们还是应该寻找更多的科学论据去指出它的危害。
”罗伯特?贝尔在一次关于少量辐射对人体健康影响的会议上说。
"如果移动电话被证明有危害，就应该在它上面贴一个警告标签，直到设计出合适的隔离屏为止。
”他说。
在公众中一个广泛的流行说法是，现在的科学家们还不能完全地保证，电磁辐射对人类没有负面影响。
正如罗伯特?贝尔所指出，仅在澳大利亚就有330万部移动电话，而且正以每天 2 000部的速度增加。
估计到公元2000年之前澳大利亚将拥有800万部移动电话，接近每两人一部手机。
同时，在澳大利亚境内分布着2 000座发射塔，其中有许多还坐落在人口密集的居民区。
例如，Telstra, Optus和Vodaphone所建造的发射塔从地理位置上来说是合适的，但都忽视了公众的需求。
从这些发射塔发出的电磁辖射可能已经对附近的居民产生了一些有害影响。
罗伯特·贝尔建议，在更多的研究工作未完成之前，政府应该禁止在学校操场、儿童日托中心、医院、运动场所以及儿童占比例较高的居住场所方圆500米范围内建造发射塔。
他说显现的证据表明，儿童以成年人三倍多的比例吸收微量辐射。
同时他补充说还有一个证据证明如果癌症患者受到电磁波的辐射，就会导致疾病的加速恶化。
那么谁资助这项研究呢?罗伯特·贝尔认为由较大的电话公司提供资金是合情合理的，他还极力主张政府进行一系列广泛的关于辐射可能对身体健康有所影响的调查与研究。
亚瑟的传奇很多文化都有某类能代表他们民族深信的价值观的英雄。
有关亚瑟王的不同寻常的事情就是他的英雄主义传奇已经持续了几个世纪，并且影响力早已超越它所诞生的英国。
在有关亚瑟王早期的故事中，他是一个战士，他在公元约700年抗击、震慑入侵的北欧人。
许多这类亚瑟王的故事大概是基于事实。
无论是否叫作亚瑟，大量证据证明是有这样一个战士存在的。
后来这些故事被美化修饰，使得它们的真实性受到质疑。
根据这些故事，我们知道亚瑟出生在位于英国西海岸廷塔杰尔的一座城堡里，这里经常狂风暴雨。
由于亚瑟是国王Uther Pendragon的私生子，所以他被巫师Merlin偷偷地带走，因此他不知道自己的真实身份。
在王者之剑从它刺穿的石头中拔出时，他才成为国王。
他娶了美丽的Guinevere，并且召集所有贵族骑士来到他的王宫，这其中就包括Lancelot，后来Guinevere背叛了亚瑟王和他在一起。
亚瑟王最终在决斗中被他的私生子Mordred打败，他的尸体被偷偷地运到阿瓦隆岛上。
这个传奇故事对中世纪的英国人和法国人很有吸引力，那个时候骑士精神的道德标准——骑士的理想的品格——是许多故事中很重要的一部分。
Galahad，Percival，Gawain，以及其他亚瑟王的骑士的英雄主义故事也都传播开来。
在今天的英国，有许多地方都宣称是亚瑟王传奇遗址的一部分。
廷塔杰尔还有一座成为废墟的城堡。
格拉斯顿堡附近还有一座古代修道院的遗迹，据说亚瑟王和Guinevere的尸体在12世纪就在这里被挖掘出来。
这些都不能证明传奇的真实性，但是它们却让这种神秘气氛延续下去。
Eiffel Is an Eyeful（引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔）世界各地的人们都来到大约300米高，接近埃菲尔铁塔顶端的地方涂鸦。
日本人、巴西人、美国人都在冰冷的铁上涂上自己的名字、喜好和政治观点，使这最具有法兰西色彩的纪念碑成为动感世界的象征。
从塔上可以看到巴黎市的远景，但奇怪的是观光者们宁愿花时间留下到此一游的痕迹，而不去观赏风景。
但这些涂鸦者也引起了一个问题：为什么在建成114年后，埃菲尔铁塔仍然这么受欢迎?尽管它在几十年前减已经不是世界上最高的建筑物了。
这个问题的答案就像那构成90层的铁塔的工程一样复杂。
一部分的理由是，毫无疑问，铁塔是永不过时的。
周期性的维护使得它永远不会被腐蚀掉。
埃菲尔铁塔定期油漆，覆盖那些涂鸦,但是它仍将继续存在下去。
“埃菲尔是巴黎的象征，而巴黎又代表了法国。
所以，埃菲尔十分具有象征性。
”Hugues Richard说道。
这位31岁的法国人保持着在19分零4秒的时间内骑自行车经过747级台阶登上铁塔二层的纪录。
“这是铁娘子，能让人产生灵感，”他说。
但是它能使人们产生怎样的灵感呢？毕竟，铁塔并没有任何的。
1930年纽约的克莱斯勒大厦取代它成为世界上最高的建筑。
但是电视和广播信号仍然从塔顶发送出来，而古斯塔夫埃菲尔，这个狂热的建造者利用它的高度进行气象学、空气动力学和无线电通讯的研究。
他在12月27日逝世，终年91岁。
本质上来说，铁塔伫立在那儿本身就是一个灵感——它就像一张空白的画布，任游客自由遐想。
对于那些善于从技术角度考虑问题的人来说，它是一个工程上的胜利;而对于恋人们来说，它则象征着浪漫。
“这座塔将在我们所有的人离去后长久存在。
”埃菲尔铁塔管理公司的伊莎贝尔说。
Goal of American Education（美国教育的目标）教育是美国人的生活中很重要的一部分，花销也大。
其规模宏大，种类多样。
与其他大多数国家相比，美国教育的不同在于美国教育是为每一个人设臵的不只是为享有特权的优等生。
学校是要满足每个孩子的需要，不论其能力如何，同时也要满足社会本身的需求。
这意味着公立学校提供的教育不只限于学术方面的课程。
很多人来到美国之后会吃惊地发现，高中除了提供传统课程，例如：数学、历史和语言之外，他们还提供一些课程如打字、缝纫、无线电修理、计算机课程或驾驶训练课程。
学生选择课程是根据个人喜好、目标以及能力水平。
美国教育的潜在目标是将每一个孩子的能力最充分地发挥出来，培养每一个孩子的公民和社区觉悟感。
成千上万的移民者涌入这个国家，他们的出身背景不同。
传统上学校在建立民族团结以及使移民者美国化两方面起着重大作用。
在社区中，尤其在小城镇，学校仍然起着重要作用。
大家对美国的教学方法似乎也很陌生。
因为这种教学方法不仅不正式，而且不把重点放在学习具体知识上。
相反，美国人教孩子独立思考，教他们自己去开发自己的智慧以及创造能力。
学生花很多时间学习怎样使用参考资料、图书馆、数据以及计算机。
美国人认为只要孩子具有好的推理能力，好的研究方法，他们就能在以后找到自己所需的具体知识。
他们还认为懂得怎样解决问题比积累事实更重要。
在这个变化万千的时代里，全世界细心的父母都在思考一个尖锐而深刻的问题：“怎样为孩子的明天做准备呢？孩子的明天既不能预料也不能理解。
”上述的教学方法正是美国对这一问题的回答。
The Family（家庭）在全世界，甚至在同一个社会中，家庭结构有着不同的形式。
家庭的构成形式随着不断变化的社会和经济影响而改变。
直到最近，北美洲最普遍的家庭形式为核心家庭，由一对夫妇和他们未婚的孩子构成。
核心家庭是一个独立的单位。
它必须能够照料自己。
家庭成员紧密依赖着彼此。
在紧急情况下，外界提供给家庭的帮助微乎其微。
核心家庭中，只有当条件允许的时候，才会照料家中年长的亲属。
在北美洲，老人很少和家人一起生活，他们一般住在退休社区和养老机构。
在工业社会，例如北美洲，核心家庭之间有很多相似点。
在居住在恶劣环境中的因纽特人的社会中，家庭间也有很多相似点。
核心家庭结构良好地适应于流动性的生活。
在恶劣的条件下，流动性能让一个家庭吃饱饭。
对北美洲人来说，找工作和提高社会地位同样需要流动性。
核心家庭并不总是北美洲人的标准。
在农业社会时期，小型的核心家庭经常是大家庭的一部分。
其中可能包括了祖父母、父母、兄弟姐妹、叔伯、阿姨以及表兄弟姐妹。
在现在的北美洲，单亲家庭的数目大幅度增加。
由核心家庭构成的单亲家庭的数目是美国由于离婚、分居或者未婚导致的单亲家庭的两倍。
不仅在北美洲，在世界范围内，家庭结构都会随着不断变化的条件而改变。
Tales of the Terrible Past（讲述可怕的过去）分析和诠释历史并不是小说家的工作。
然而通过用一种生动有趣的方式来描写过去，小说家可以重现早斯时代，并引起读者的重视。
在叙述历史的作家中，有一些黑人作家试图从不同的角度审视奴隶制。
贝尔奖获得者托妮莫里森在她的作品《宠儿》中专门阐述了奴隶制问题。
小说的主人公叫塞丝，她以前是个奴隶，内战之后住在俄亥俄，但是她无法让自己从可怕的记忆中解脱出来。
通过一系列的倒序和痛苦的回忆，读者了解到赛丝为什么以及怎样逃出她赖以生存的种植园，她那同样试图逃出来的丈夫的命运，以及最后发生在叫做宠儿的孩子身上的事情。
莫里森对奴隶受折磨和遭谋杀的场景描写得很生动，充分地表达出奴隶们的绝望以及奴隶主的残酷。
查尔斯•约翰逊的小说《中途》从另一个不同的角度来描写奴隶制，但同样充满着暴力。
他的主人公叫做卢瑟福•卡尔霍恩，是一个游手好闲、身份自由的美国黑人。
他偷偷登上了一艘开往非洲贩卖奴隶的船只。
被发现后，他开始为之工作，并亲眼目睹了非洲人被抓起来，然后被运送到美国这种可怕的状况。
当非洲人最终抵抗并占有了船只后，他发现了自己的中间性——并且被迫与他自己的身份和价值观念妥协。
不论是《宠儿》还是《中途》读起来都不轻松，但是它们都是非裔美国作家努力为现代观众重现重要历史的典范之作。