概要写作微技能训练之如何提炼与处理次要点
概要写作技巧
概要写作技巧
概要写作是指通过简洁、精炼的语言，概括原文的要点、主题和重点内容，并给出观点和评价的写作技巧。
一般来说，概要写作的步骤如下：
1.阅读原文：先仔细阅读原文，了解其主题、内容、重点
、观点等。
2.提取要点：从原文中提取出最重要的要点，包括主题、
论点、事实、数据等。
3.组织要点：将提取出的要点组织成一个有逻辑的结构，
注意保留原文的基本结构。
4.写作概要：根据组织好的要点，用简洁、精炼的语言写
出概要。
注意使用主动语态，避免使用过多的引用语。
5.检查概要：检查概要是否准确、简洁、流畅，并修改不
足之处。
希望以上信息能帮到你。
读后续写与概要写作微技能三 如何提炼关键词
2．首先要结合主旨大意，选取与文本主旨密切相关的词语。它们通常是名词(短语)、 动词(短语)和形容词(短语)等实词。这些实词有可能以原词、代词、同义词、近义 词或反义词的形式重复出现，但提炼时不能重复关键词。
3．提取关键词时，必须注意句子间的关系。不要在表达相同或相近含义的句子里重 复提取关键词，如议论文的段落中常有主题句和结论句，结论句通常用不同的表 达方式重申主题句的含义，因此没必要在结论句中再次提取关键词。
微技能三 如何提炼关键词
60词左右的概要不允许照搬含有主题和支持性信息的原句。为了使独立表达成为 可能，你必须学会提炼关键词，提取关键词主要考查学生概括思想内容，提取关键信 息的能力。说到底就是要善于提取“核心信息”，善于提炼恰当的词语来表达内容。 关键词一般是名词、动词、形容词，不会是虚词。 1．“提炼”是一个弃．芜．存．精．的过程，因此要做到精炼，也就是说提炼的结果是获取最
lying will try to look at you in a strong way
词有“not look you in the eye”和“look
because they want to convince you they are
at you in a strong way”，因此它们可
telling the truth.If someone does either of these 以作为关键词支持上面这个主题
two things thLeabharlann y might be lying.
句。
【即时演练】 画出本文的主题句和关键词。
Human beings are smart.However, it seems that people are gradually losing their smartness as smartphones become more and more important assistants in their lives, reported news website Record Japan on Oct.22.As we rely too much on technology instead of our brains, many people have lost three basic abilities, said the website.
高中英语读后续写与概要写作 技能三 如何提炼关键词
微技能三如何提炼关键词60词左右的概要不允许照搬含有主题和支持性信息的原句。
为了使独立表达成为可能，你必须学会提炼关键词，提取关键词主要考查学生概括思想内容，提取关键信息的能力。
说到底就是要善于提取“核心信息”，善于提炼恰当的词语来表达内容。
关键词一般是名词、动词、形容词，不会是虚词。
1．“提炼”是一个弃芜存精．．．．的过程，因此要做到精炼，也就是说提炼的结果是获取最精要的文字。
2．首先要结合主旨大意，选取与文本主旨密切相关的词语。
它们通常是名词(短语)、动词(短语)和形容词(短语)等实词。
这些实词有可能以原词、代词、同义词、近义词或反义词的形式重复出现，但提炼时不能重复关键词。
3．提取关键词时，必须注意句子间的关系。
不要在表达相同或相近含义的句子里重复提取关键词，如议论文的段落中常有主题句和结论句，结论句通常用不同的表达方式重申主题句的含义，因此没必要在结论句中再次提取关键词。
4．就主从复合句而言，关键词通常在主句部分，而非从句部分，但含有宾语从句的主从复合句例外，关键词应在宾语从句部分。
【典例示范】1．画出该段的主题句。
2．根据主题句，画出关键词。
【即时演练】画出本文的主题句和关键词。
Human beings are smart.However, it seems that people are gradually losing their smartness as smartphones become more and more important assistants in their lives, reported news website Record Japan on Oct.22.As we rely too much on technology instead of our brains, many people have lost three basic abilities, said the website. The first skill many people have lost is remembering phone numbers.Because phone numbers are stored in smartphone contacts, there is no need to dial a number or look at it again.And people may also have lost their sense of direction because navigation apps can guide people anywhere they want to go.These apps can even find shortest routes for you and avoid traffic jams.But the worst lost skills may be social ones，meaning that some people are becoming socially inept(无能的)．People often bury themselves in their smart－phones.As we are too addicted to what’s happening in the virtual world，some of us have lost conversational skills and sometimes can’t even tell whether a person is happy or not.Luckily, people still have a chance to get these abilities back.You should try to keep your parents’ number in mind for emergencies.You should also pay more attention to street signs and stores, which will help you to draw a mind map and prevent you from getting lost.And the easiest solution to social skill loss is to take a break from electronic devices because we are social creatures.We need device－free time.答案主题句：However, it seems that people are gradually losing their smartness as smartphones become more and more important assistants in their lives.关键词：lost three basic abilities，remembering phone numbers，have a chance to get these abilities back，device－free time.。
高中英语：概要写作微技能之全文主旨归纳
（2）试一试
你能用以上学到的方法归纳下文主旨吗？
Retirement is the point where a person stops employment completely．The "standard" retirement age varies from country to country, but it is generally between 50 and 70, according to the latest statistics, 2011．However, for a long time, people have got into an argument about whether the age of retirement should be increased or reduced in their own countries．
With many young people unemployed or frustrated in low-level positions, there are often calls to compulsorily retire older workers．However, this can affect the older individual' s freedom and right to work．In my opinion, giving workers more choices over their retirement age will benefit society and the individual．
There are several arguments for allowing older people to continue working as long as they are able．Many people think that older employees have a large amount of knowledge and experience which can be lost to a business or organization if they are made to retire．Besides, older employees are often extremely faithful employees and are more willing to carry out company policies than the young．A more important point is regarding the attitudes in society to old people．To force someone to resign or retire at 60 or 65 indicates that the society does not value the input of these people and that effectively their useful life is over．
英语概要写作的“微技能”操作策略探析
英语概要写作的“微技能”操作策略探析作者：彭国玉来源：《中学课程辅导·教学研究》2020年第18期摘要：概要写作是浙江省新高考英语学科的一种新题型。
它侧重考查的是学生对语言材料进行吸收、存储、内化整理和表达的综合运用能力。
本文结合笔者的公开课案例和多年摸索经验，详细探讨了提高概要写作质量的五个“微技能”运用策略，即主题思想的精练概括；冗余成分的有机剔除；同义结构的合理替换；常见句式的优化升级；衔接连贯词的巧妙镶嵌，以就教于方家。
关键词：概要写作；微技能；案例分析中图分类号：G632.0文献标识码：A文章编号：1992-7711（2020）09-0080从2016年开始概要写作被纳入浙江省英语高考中，并将面向全国范围内推广。
但是，过去两年的新高考一直都是考查学生“读后续写”的能力，终于在最新一次的高考即2018年11月3日的浙江省英语高考中隆重上演了“概要写作”的首秀。
作为一种控制性比较强的新型作文考查形式，概要写作必须对原文本内容进行“先浓缩——再加工”，最后以全新的语言形式输出。
这个语言材料“华丽变身”的过程就是学生“吸收存储、内化整理和创新表达”的过程。
应创造性地把“读”和“写”结合起来，以此避免以前作文的拼凑和句式模板的套用。
为了更好地完成“阅读（理解）+写作（产出）”的这种复合型任务，阅读层面学生需要具备理解原文、抓取关键词、区分主要信息和次要信息，从而获取主要观点或事实的能力；写作层面，学生需要具备用简洁、连贯的语言还原文本中心思想的表达能力。
所以，一篇好的概要应满足四个特征：客观、完整、简洁、连贯。
一、概要写作的定义和微技能的分类《牛津高阶英语词典》对概要写作的描述是：“A summa ry is a brief statement that gives only the main points of something not the details.”对此我们可以理解为：“概要写作要求学生整体掌握文本，合理浓缩地表达原文每一段的主旨大意，并合理添加连词来形成一篇语义连贯的短文。
作文如何提炼中心
作文如何提炼中心作文是一种常见的文学形式，通过文字表达作者的思想、感情和观点。
在写作过程中，提炼中心是至关重要的一步，它是作文的灵魂所在。
本文将介绍如何提炼中心，并提供一些实用的方法和技巧。
一、理解中心的重要性中心是作文的核心思想，也是作文内容的主线和焦点。
一个好的中心能够使作文更加有力地表达作者的意图，引导读者的思考，增强作文的可读性和说服力。
因此，在写作之前，我们需要明确作文的中心，并围绕它展开论述。
二、梳理文章内容在提炼中心之前，首先需要梳理文章的内容。
通过理解文章主题、主要观点和论据，可以更好地把握文章的核心思想。
对于叙事类作文，可以通过整理故事情节和主要事件来找出中心；对于议论文，可以通过总结观点和论证来确定中心。
三、审视文章结构作文中的中心通常体现在文章的结构中。
通过审视文章的开头、主体和结尾，我们可以找出线索并提炼中心。
开头通常会提出话题或引入文章背景，主体部分则展开论述并展示观点，结尾部分一般会归纳总结或给出建议。
在这些部分中，作者会通过运用不同的修辞手法和句式结构来凸显中心。
四、寻找关键词和关联词关键词和关联词是作文中的信息线索，也是提炼中心的重要依据。
通过寻找关键词和关联词，我们可以直接抓住文章的重点和核心思想。
关键词常常体现在文中的关键句或关键段落中，它们具有高度概括和代表性；关联词则用于引导读者从一个观点或论点过渡到另一个观点或论点，使文章结构紧密有序。
五、突出中心思想为了突出中心思想，有几种常用的写作技巧可以借鉴。
首先，可以通过不同的句式结构和修辞手法来强调中心思想，例如排比、反问、象征等；其次，可以适当运用插入语、并列句等手段，将中心思想嵌入到句子中，使之更加生动和突出；还可以通过例证、数据、比喻等方式来论证和解释中心思想，增加说服力和可信度。
六、修改和完善提炼中心是一个渐进的过程，在初稿中可能存在一些模糊或不够准确的表述。
因此，及时修改和完善作文是必要的。
在修改的过程中，要关注中心是否明确、准确，是否贴合主题，是否语言优美流畅。
渗透读写微技能提高概要写作训练效果
渗透读写微技能提高概要写作训练效果作者：宋卓呈来源：《中学生英语·教师版》2017年第06期概要写作是指用简短的语句概括一段文本主要内容的写作方式，概要写作的特点为篇幅简短、概括性强、无主观描述的文字、无超主文本内容的诠释。
英语教师可以通过引导学生阅读英语文本，学习概要写作的方法提高英语写作的水平。
1.微技能一：培养学生解构文本。
概括大意的能力部分学生写英语作文的时候.容易犯下一个错误，即在写作前没有打好英语写作的框架，以至于写出来的英语作品无主次之分、无层次之分，这样的英语作文不是合格的英语作文，这样的英语文本没有语言艺术价值。
为了提高学生的写作水平，英语教师可以应用引导学生练习概要写作的方法帮助学生学会解构文本，了解英语文本的框架结构。
学生只有学会搭建英语文本的框架结构，写出来的英语作文才有主次之分、才有层次之分。
比如有一名英语教师在引导学生阅读一篇关于食品安全问题的英语材料时，英语教师引导学生学会用这样的方法写英语概要作文。
首先，英语教师要求学生用一句话的方式总结整篇英语材料所写的内容。
其次，教师要求学生分类概括英语文本表达的意思，分类概括的目标为全方位的说明作者要描述的意思，最后，学生必须用简短的语句说明作者文章要描述的重点，即概括出文本的核心思想。
有一名学生经过教师的引导，用这样的话提炼出文章的意思：“The studyin this article investigates food scandals and the role of government in corporate social responsibility（CSR）in the food industry.The author also explores strategies forthe Chinese government to tackle the food safety prob-lems in China.”。
[概要写作微技能]找要点与换说
![[概要写作微技能]找要点与换说](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/799ac43cb14e852459fb5734.png)
概要写作微技能——找要点Read for the gistI.议论文As is known to all, sports stars earn large amounts of money every year. LeBron James, the famous American basketball star, for example, earns an income of more than20 million dollars a year. Some people hold the view that these stars do not deserve thehigh pay that they are getting. Some even say that sports stars do nothing to society apart from entertaining people. Their contributions(贡献）to society are much less than those made by doctors, firemen, scientists, professors, etc. But I can never agree with that.2）说明文Scientists find that the hard-working people live longer than average men and women.Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidences show that the jobless are in poorer health than job-holders. An research shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%，the death rate increases correspondingly (相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point：work is helpful to health.3）记叙文On a recent Sunday, I was buying groceries in a supermarket when I heard the sound ofa car accident. It was close but not very close, so I continued shopping. As I took a rightturn on Munadhama Street, I saw a man lying on the ground in a smallpool of blood. He wasn’t de ad. The idea of stopping to help or to take him to a hospital crossed my mind, but I didn’t dare. Cars passed without stopping. Pedestrians and shop owners kept doing what they were doing, pretending nothing had happened.II.寻找主题句1.主题句在段首1)People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless theyhave had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.2)In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the1skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of English in 1546.若主题句过长，要尽量省略细节、从句，削减事例2.主题句在段尾Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.3.主题句在中间1)Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are sohelpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.2)No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However,according to a widely accepte d theory, the universe began with a“Big Bang”that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.关注信号词（signal words）： but, however, sadly, in fact，so, as a result等4.主题句是设问+回答，若过长，需要找出主要点和次要点While sports are for fun, it does not mean that they are not important to people’s life. Why do so many people go to see football matches and NBA games？It is because they enjoy the games, and they are willing to pay to watch the performances. Because of the sports stars, our life becomes more exciting. Some sports stars get honor for their country, and their countrymen are proud of them. They do good to the people's mental health.要点： So many people watch the games because the sports stars make our life exciting and do good to people’s mental health.5.没有明显的主题句，需要自己概括大意：1) A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, “Woof, woof, woof!” the cat was so frightened that it ran for it's life. Mother mouse turned to her babies and said, “Now, do you understand the value of a second language?”要点：It’s important to learn a foreign language.2)For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. Whatit was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.要点：The earth came into being with atmosphere and water on its surfaces.找关键词：关注被重复的词6.III.关注信号词2概要写作微技能——找要点Read for the gistI.确定文本体裁1）___________________As is known to all, sports stars earn large amounts of money every year. LeBron James, the famous American basketball star, for example, earns an income of more than20 million dollars a year. Some people hold the view that these stars do not deserve thehigh pay that they are getting. Some even say that sports stars do nothing to society apart from entertaining people. Their contributions(贡献）to society are much less than those made by doctors, firemen, scientists, professors, etc. But I can never agree with that.2）___________________Scientists find that the hard-working people live longer than average men and women.Career women are healthier than housewives. Evidences show that the jobless are in poorer health than job-holders. An research shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%，the death rate increases correspondingly (相应地) by 2%. All this comes down to one point：work is helpful to health.3）____________________3On a recent Sunday, I was buying groceries in a supermarket when I heard the sound ofa car accident. It was close but not very close, so I continued shopping. As I took a rightturn on Munadhama Street, I saw a man lying on the ground in a smallpool of blood. He wasn’t dead. The idea of stopping to help or to take him to a hospital crossed my mind, but I didn’t dare. Cars passed without stopping. Pedestrians and shop owners kept doing what they were doing, pretending nothing had happened.II.寻找主题句（划线）1.主题句在_______________1)People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they haven't eaten a meal unless theyhave had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.2)In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of English in 1546.若主题句过长，要尽量省略_________________________，削减_________________ 2.主题句在________________Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time.3.主题句在________________1)Nothing is as useful as a flashlight on a dark night if a tire goes flat. Few inventions are sohelpful to a child who is afraid of the dark. In fact, the modern flashlight brings light to many dark situations. Finding something in the back of a closet is easy with a flashlight in hand. A camper also needs one after the light of the campfire has been out.2)No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However,according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a“Big Bang”t hat threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.4关注信号词（signal words）：_________________________________________________ 4.主题句是_____________________________，若过长，需要找出主要点和次要点While sports are for f un, it does not mean that they are not important to people’s life. Why do so many people go to see football matches and NBA games？ It is because they enjoy the games, and they are willing to pay to watch the performances. Because of the sports stars, our life becomes more exciting. Some sports stars get honor for their country, and their countrymen are proud of them. They do good to the people's mental health.要点：____________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________ ____5.没有明显的主题句，需要自己概括大意：1) A mother mouse was out for a walk with her babies when she found a cat behind a bush.She watched the cat and the cat watched the mice. Mother mouse barked fiercely, “Woof, woof, woof!” the cat was so frightened that it ran for it's life. Mother mouse turned to her babies and said, “Now, do you understand the value of a second language?”要点：__________________________________________________________________ 2)For several billion years afte r the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. Whatit was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere.What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.要点：__________________________________________________________________ 找关键词：____________________________概要写作微技能——换说Restate the author’s idea5I.总原则：字数不超过原句，不改变原文的逻辑，充分考虑语句压缩II.方法1.转化1）使用近义词或反义词e.g.1 To research whether such a “sixth sense”really exists, Robert Baker performed twoexperiments.research→study; whether→if; performed→madee.g.2 Zhou Yang will never forget his firstassignment as a journalist.never forget→remember; assignment→task;journalist→reporter2）短语变单词e.g. Cleaning away dirt is good to health.cleaning away→Removing; is good to→benefits 3）从句变短语（介词短语、状语从句变非谓语、定语从句变后置定语）e.g.1. If the interviewee agrees, you can use arecorder to get the facts straight.With the interviewee’s agreement, a recordercould be used.6e.g. 2. The skin is a necessary organ, which canserve as a barrier against outside dangers.The skin is a necessary organ as a barrieragainst outside dangers.4）用广义词（generalwords）代替具体词（specific words）e.g. She brought home several Chinese andEnglish novels, a few copies of Time andNewsweek, and some textbooks.She brought home a lot of books and magazines. 5）直接引语的主要信息变间接引语e.g. The boss said to him, “ Till you’re moreexperienced you can cover a story.”The boss said that with more experience he couldcover news.6）主动句和被动句互换e.g. Robert Baker, a psychologist at theUniversity of Kentucky, performed twoexperiments.Two experiments were carried out by apsychologist.77）特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、therebe）和正常语序句式的转化e.g.1. Only if you ask many different questionswill you acquire all the information.You will obtain all the information if variousquestions are asked.e.g.2 …such a “six sense” really exists.…there is really a “six sense”.8）基本句型灵活转换Dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease. (S+V+P)Dirt on the skin could protect people fromgetting ill. (S+V+O)2.合并（用从句、分词或with结构）e.g.1 She was attracted by the beauty of nature. Shedecided to spend another two days on the farm.Attracted by the beauty of nature, she decided to spend another two days on the farm.e.g.2 I have tons of homework to do every day. Ihardly have any time to hang out with friends.With tons of homework to do, I hardly have any time to hang out with friends.83.连接：用衔接词把几个简单句合并成一个并列句或复合句（连接词优先考虑最短连接词，如first就比in the first place要好）e.g. We shoul dn’t be threatened, but challenged. Theirpresence is going to be a great blessing for society.Their presence is not a threat but a challenge as well asa great blessing for society.III.练习（将以上方法综合运用）1.There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.People have changing opinions toward dirt over time.或people’s viewpoints towards dirt are changing.2.Ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer studies oceancurrents in a special way.Curtis Ebbesmeyer, an ocean expert, uses a uniqueway to study ocean currents.3.Most stars are skilled in their own field not onlybecause of their talents but also because of their hardtraining.They are the best in their fields thanks to their talentsand hard training.94.This kind of addictive behavior can lead to largefinancial problems, family conflict, and deep unhappiness.This kind of addictive behavior can lead to severe consequences.5.The concept that all processed foods are unhealthy isfar from accurate.The concept that all processed foods are unhealthy is wrong/not correct/incorrect.或It is wrong to think all processed foods are unhealthy.6.e.g. Because of the sports stars, our life becomes moreexciting. They contribute to the spiritual well-being of their people.Sports stars’ performance bring people excitement and spiritual well-being.7.When you spend time with people who constantlycomplain, you are likely to view things in a negative lights.Being exposed to constant complainers will make you one of them.10或Exposure to regular complainers will probablyaffect your own point of view.或Contact with constant complainers tend to make youview things negative.8.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, Lushan Mountain,and Yellow Mountain, were visited by only a fewpeople in the past. Today, better wages, holidays withpay, new hotels on those mountains and better rain andbus services, have brought them within reach to manywho never thought of visiting them ten years ago.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited byonly a few people, are today accessible to many,thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels andbetter transportation.IV.换说常用词1.同义替换词difficult/demanding/challengingmany/ a large number of/ plenty of/ a good many/ many a …abundant/ plentiful/ amplebad/ negativegood/ excellent/ outstanding/ remarkablebig/giant/ vast/ large/ huge/ massive/ enormous/ tremendoussad/ depressed/ frustrateddifferent/ various/ a variety of/ diverseinteresting/ amusing/ funny/ entertainingbrave/ bold/ fearless/ courageousrich/ wealthy11poor/ needy2.连接词概要写作微技能——换说Restate the author’s idea12V.总原则：字数不超过原句，不改变原文的逻辑，充分考虑语句压缩VI.方法4.转化9）使用近义词或反义词e.g.1 To research whether such a “sixth sense”really exists, Robert Baker performed twoexperiments.research→study; whether→if; performed→madee.g.2 Zhou Yang will never forget his firstassignment as a journalist.never forget→remember; assignment→task;journalist→reporter10）短语变单词e.g. Cleaning away dirt is good to health.cleaning away→Removing; is good to→benefits 11）从句变短语（介词短语、状语从句变非谓语、定语从句变后置定语）e.g.1. If the interviewee agrees, you can use arecorder to get the facts straight.With the interviewee’s agreement, a recordercould be used.13e.g. 2. The skin is a necessary organ, which canserve as a barrier against outside dangers.The skin is a necessary organ as a barrieragainst outside dangers.12）用广义词（generalwords）代替具体词（specific words）e.g. She brought home several Chinese andEnglish novels, a few copies of Time andNewsweek, and some textbooks.She brought home a lot of books and magazines. 13）直接引语的主要信息变间接引语e.g. The boss said to him, “ Till you’re moreexperienced you can cover a story.”The boss said that with more experience he couldcover news.14）主动句和被动句互换e.g. Robert Baker, a psychologist at theUniversity of Kentucky, performed twoexperiments.Two experiments were carried out by apsychologist.1415）特殊句式（强调句、倒装句、therebe）和正常语序句式的转化e.g.1. Only if you ask many different questionswill you acquire all the information.You will obtain all the information if variousquestions are asked.e.g.2 …such a “six sense” really exists.…there is really a “six sense”.16）基本句型灵活转换Dirt on the skin was a means to block outdisease. (S+V+P)Dirt on the skin could protect people fromgetting ill. (S+V+O)5.合并（用从句、分词或with结构）e.g.1 She was attracted by the beauty of nature. Shedecided to spend another two days on the farm.Attracted by the beauty of nature, she decided to spend another two days on the farm.e.g.2 I have tons of homework to do every day. Ihardly have any time to hang out with friends.With tons of homework to do, I hardly have any time to hang out with friends.156.连接：用衔接词把几个简单句合并成一个并列句或复合句（连接词优先考虑最短连接词，如first就比in the first place要好）e.g. We shouldn’t be threatened, but challenged. Theirpresence is going to be a great blessing for society.Their presence is not a threat but a challenge as well asa great blessing for society.VII.练习（将以上方法综合运用）9.There is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.People have changing opinions toward dirt over time.或people’s viewpoints towards dirt are changing.10.Ocean expert Curtis Ebbesmeyer studies oceancurrents in a special way.Curtis Ebbesmeyer, an ocean expert, uses a uniqueway to study ocean currents.11.Most stars are skilled in their own field not onlybecause of their talents but also because of their hardtraining.They are the best in their fields thanks to their talentsand hard training.1612.This kind of addictive behavior can lead to largefinancial problems, family conflict, and deep unhappiness.This kind of addictive behavior can lead to severe consequences.13.The concept that all processed foods are unhealthyis far from accurate.The concept that all processed foods are unhealthy is wrong/not correct/incorrect.或It is wrong to think all processed foods are unhealthy.14. e.g. Because of the sports stars, our life becomesmore exciting. They contribute to the spiritual well-being of their people.Sports stars’ performance bring people excitement and spiritual well-being.15.When you spend time with people who constantlycomplain, you are likely to view things in a negative lights.Being exposed to constant complainers will make you one of them.17或Exposure to regular complainers will probablyaffect your own point of view.或Contact with constant complainers tend to make youview things negative.16.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, LushanMountain, and Yellow Mountain, were visited by onlya few people in the past. Today, better wages, holidayswith pay, new hotels on those mountains and betterrain and bus services, have brought them within reachto many who never thought of visiting them ten yearsago.Beautiful mountains like Mount Tai, once visited byonly a few people, are today accessible to many,thanks to better wages, paid holidays, new hotels andbetter transportation.VIII.换说常用词3.同义替换词difficult/demanding/challengingmany/ a large number of/ plenty of/ a good many/ many a …abundant/ plentiful/ amplebad/ negativegood/ excellent/ outstanding/ remarkablebig/giant/ vast/ large/ huge/ massive/ enormous/ tremendoussad/ depressed/ frustrateddifferent/ various/ a variety of/ diverseinteresting/ amusing/ funny/ entertaining18brave/ bold/ fearless/ courageousrich/ wealthypoor/ needy4.连接词1920。
文章重点提炼的实用技巧
文章重点提炼的实用技巧在我们日常的阅读和学习中，经常需要从大量的文字中提炼出关键的信息和重点。
这不仅能够帮助我们提高阅读效率，还能让我们更好地理解和记忆所读的内容。
那么，如何才能有效地提炼文章的重点呢？下面就为大家分享一些实用的技巧。
一、先浏览整体，把握文章结构在开始仔细阅读之前，先快速浏览文章的标题、目录、段落开头和结尾等部分。
这样可以对文章的主题、大致内容和结构有一个初步的了解。
比如，如果是一篇议论文，通常会在开头提出论点，中间通过论据进行论证，结尾得出结论。
了解了这种结构，就能更有针对性地去寻找重点。
二、明确文章类型不同类型的文章，重点的呈现方式也有所不同。
例如，记叙文的重点可能在于事件的经过和结果，以及其中所表达的情感或启示；说明文的重点往往是事物的特征、性质、用途等；议论文则着重于论点的阐述和论证的过程。
三、关注关键语句1、段落的开头和结尾很多时候，段落的开头会提出观点或主题句，结尾会进行总结或强调。
所以，这两个位置的语句值得特别关注。
2、转折词和连接词像“但是”“然而”“不过”等转折词后面的内容，往往是作者想要强调的重点。
而“因此”“所以”“综上所述”等连接词后面的语句，通常是总结性的观点。
3、重复出现的词语和概念如果某些词语或概念在文章中多次出现，那么它们很可能是关键信息。
四、学会做标记在阅读过程中，可以使用铅笔或者荧光笔对重点内容进行标记。
比如，圈出关键词、划出重要的句子或者在旁边做简单的批注。
这样在回顾的时候能够快速找到重点，也有助于加深记忆。
五、概括段落大意读完每个段落之后，试着用自己的话概括一下段落的主要内容。
这有助于理解和梳理文章的逻辑，同时也能更清晰地发现重点。
六、提炼核心观点对于整篇文章，要能够提炼出作者想要表达的核心观点。
这可能需要综合各个段落的重点内容，思考它们之间的联系，从而得出一个总体的结论。
七、排除无关信息有些文章可能会包含一些背景介绍、例子、解释说明等内容，虽然它们也有一定的作用，但并不是重点。
转述微技能在高中英语概要写作中的应用
转述微技能在高中英语概要写作中的应用
微技能是一种良好的学习策略，适用于高中英语概要写作。
在概要写作中，学生需要指出文章的主要观点和重要细节，这需要掌握一定的技能和技巧。
微技能的应用可以使学生更加有效地完成概要写作任务，并且提高他们的写作质量。
首先是“简化”技能。
在概要写作中，学生需要把文章的主要意思和细节表达出来。
简化技能包括理解文章内容的关键要素，删除次要信息，以及使用简洁的语言表达主要观点。
学生需要通过阅读和理解文章来确定主题，并去除不必要的信息，然后使用简明扼要的语言来概括并表达文章的要点。
其次是“寻找关键句”技能。
文章中有些句子具有较强的表述能力，它们可以帮助读者更好地理解文章。
在概要写作中，学生需要找到这些句子，并将它们用于总结文章的主题。
学生需要仔细阅读文章，确保他们能够捕捉到这些关键句，并且在写作中巧妙地将这些句子整合在一起。
第三是“建立框架”技能。
学生需要了解文章结构，以便能够更准确地描述文章的主题和细节。
在概要写作中，学生需要建立一个框架，将文章中的信息整合在一起。
学生可以将文章分成几个部分，并为每个部分分配一个标题，然后将每个段落的关键信息填入相应的部分。
最后是“识别重点信息”技能。
在概要写作中，学生需要确定文章的重点信息，这些信息可以帮助他们总结文章的主题和概要。
学生需要仔细阅读文章，并识别出与主题最相关的信息。
然后，他们可以将这些信息整合起来，并用自己的话表达出来。
写材料要学会提炼概括
写材料要学会提炼概括在学习写作过程中，掌握提炼概括的技巧是非常重要的。
提炼概括指的是通过筛选、归纳和总结信息，将一篇文章的核心思想和要点简明扼要地表达出来。
下面将介绍一些学习提炼概括的方法和技巧。
首先，要明确文章的目的和主题。
在写作之前，应该明确自己的写作目标，确定文章的主题和核心思想。
这样可以帮助我们在写作过程中提取关键信息，避免文章内容过于冗杂。
其次，要善于分析文章结构。
文章一般由引言、主体和结论三个部分组成。
在提炼概括时，可以分别分析这三部分的内容，将其核心思想抽离出来，忽略不相关的细节。
另外，还需要重点关注段落和句子的结构。
一个段落或者句子通常由一个中心句或一个关键词来支撑。
通过理解和抓住这个中心句或关键词，可以帮助我们更好地理解和提炼段落和句子的核心意思。
除了以上的方法，还可以运用阅读理解技巧来提炼概括。
比如，可以标记关键词和重要信息，划出关键句和段落，进行摘要和总结。
同时，可以通过做练习题和阅读相关注解和讲解来提高自己的提炼概括能力。
此外，要不断积累背景知识和提高阅读能力。
丰富的背景知识和良好的阅读理解能力是提炼概括的基础。
通过广泛阅读来积累知识和培养阅读能力，可以提高自己的提炼概括水平。
最后，不断的实践和反思是提炼概括的关键。
通过实践写作和反思自己的写作过程，每次都评估和改进自己的提炼概括能力，才能逐步掌握这一技巧。
综上所述，提炼概括是学习写作过程中的重要环节。
我们应该通过了解文章的目的和主题，分析文章结构和句子段落的核心，运用阅读理解技巧和积累背景知识来提高自己的提炼概括能力。
同时，不断的实践和反思是掌握这一技巧的关键。
只有通过不断的努力和实践，我们才能在写作中提炼出精炼而有力的概括。
作文写作技能总结梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理
作文写作技能总结梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理作文写作技能总结作文是学生学习过程中必不可少的一项任务，通过写作可以提高学生的语言表达能力、逻辑思维能力和文化素养。
因此，提高作文写作技能对于学生的综合素质培养至关重要。
本文将对作文写作技能进行总结梳理，以帮助学生提升他们的写作能力。
1. 提前准备在写作之前，充分准备是非常重要的。
首先，要仔细阅读作文题目，确保自己对题目的要求和内容有清晰的理解。
其次，要进行写作素材的收集和构思。
这可以包括查阅相关的资料、观察现实生活中的情境、进行头脑风暴等。
准备充分可以使你的写作更具深度和广度。
2. 合理构思在写作过程中，一个清晰的思路结构非常重要。
在纸上或电脑上进行构思，可以使你的思路更加连贯和清晰。
可以使用思维导图或大纲的方式来整理你想要表达的主题和支持论据。
这样一来，你在写作时就不容易偏离主题或出现逻辑混乱的问题。
3. 注意篇章结构好的作文应该具有清晰的篇章结构。
一般来说，作文应该包括引言、正文和结论三个部分。
在引言部分，可以引入话题并提出自己的立场。
在正文部分，可以逐步展开自己的论述，并提供相关的例子和证据。
在结论部分，可以总结全文，并提出自己的观点或建议。
合理的篇章结构可以使你的作文更有逻辑性和条理性。
4. 注重语言表达语言是作文的重要组成部分，良好的语言表达能力可以增加作文的魅力。
首先，要注意词汇的选择，使用准确、生动的词汇可以使你的作文更具说服力。
其次，要注意句子的结构和连贯性，避免使用过长的句子和复杂的从句。
另外，要注意使用恰当的语法和标点符号，以确保自己的表达准确无误。
5. 多加练习与反思提高作文写作技能是一个长期的过程，需要不断的练习和反思。
在练习过程中，可以多读一些优秀的范文，学习其中的写作技巧和表达方式。
同时，每次写完作文后都要进行反思，分析自己的优点和不足，并有针对性地进行改进。
通过不断的练习和反思，你的写作技能将得到进一步的提高。
综上所述，提高作文写作技能需要付出一定的努力和时间，但是这是一个非常有价值的过程。
青年人总结撰写中的重点内容提炼
青年人总结撰写中的重点内容提炼撰写文章是一项需要一定技巧的任务，特别是对于青年人而言。
在这个信息爆炸的时代，面对大量的信息和思考，能够准确、简洁地提炼出重点内容是非常重要的。
本文将为大家介绍一些青年人总结撰写中的重点内容提炼的技巧。
一、明确核心观点在撰写文章时，首先要明确文章的核心观点或主题。
核心观点是文章的灵魂，通过对核心观点的提炼和归纳，可以帮助我们把握文章的主线逻辑。
可以通过以下几个方面来明确核心观点：1. 通过关键词提炼：通过仔细阅读文章，并将文章中的关键词整理出来，可以帮助我们找到文章的核心观点。
例如，如果文章讨论的是环保问题，那么"环保"、"可持续发展"等词语可能是核心观点的关键词。
2. 通过摘要式提炼：在阅读文章的过程中，可以尝试将每个段落的内容用1-2句话的形式进行摘要，然后再通过这些摘要来总结出文章的核心观点。
二、梳理主要论据除了核心观点，文章中的论据也是非常重要的，特别是在说服读者的过程中。
梳理主要论据可以帮助我们清晰地表达自己的想法，增强文章的逻辑性和说服力。
以下是一些梳理主要论据的技巧：1. 寻找主要论点：在阅读的过程中，找到文章中的主要论点，并对其进行提炼。
主要论点通常会出现在文章的开头或结尾部分，可以通过这些关键句子来找到。
2. 梳理支撑论据：主要论点需要有充分的支撑论据来证明其正确性。
在梳理主要论据时，要注意找到文章中的支撑论据，并对其进行提炼和整理，以增强文章的逻辑性。
支撑论据可以是事实、数据、案例等。
三、突出关键信息在撰写文章时，突出关键信息是非常重要的，可以帮助读者更快地理解文章的要点，提高文章的可读性。
以下是一些突出关键信息的技巧：1. 使用引号和加粗：在文章中，可以使用引号或加粗的方式来突出关键词或关键句子。
这样可以直观地告诉读者这部分内容是文章的重点。
2. 使用列表和标题：在文章中使用列表和标题的格式，可以将关键信息进行分类归纳，使得读者更容易获取到重要信息。
作文写作技能总结梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理
作文写作技能总结梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理梳理作文写作技能总结在学生的学习生涯中，写作是一项非常重要的技能。
不论是应对考试还是在日常生活中与他人交流，都需要一定的写作能力。
本文将总结并梳理一些作文写作的技巧，帮助读者提升自己的写作水平。
一、明确写作目的和读者在进行写作之前，明确写作的目的和读者是非常重要的。
不同的写作目的和读者会要求不同的写作风格和语言表达方式。
例如，写一篇感谢信需要注意礼貌和正式的语言，而写一篇演讲稿则需要更加生动和有说服力的表达方式。
二、合理组织思路结构一篇好的作文应该有一个清晰的思路结构，使读者能够循序渐进地理解你的观点和论证。
在开始写作之前，可以列一个提纲来规划整篇文章的结构。
提纲可以包含引言、主体段落和结论，帮助你将思路有序地展开。
三、恰当使用丰富的词汇和表达方式在写作中，恰当地使用丰富的词汇和表达方式可以让文章更加生动和有趣。
可以通过阅读各种书籍和文章来扩充自己的词汇量，同时也要学会运用词语的不同变体和同义词，避免使用重复的词语，使文章更加丰富多样。
四、确保语法和句法的正确性语法和句法的正确性是一篇好作文的基础。
在写作过程中，要注意句子的结构和语法的准确性，尽量避免使用模棱两可或者错误的句子。
可以通过学习语法规则和阅读范文来提高自己的语法水平。
五、使用恰当的标点符号和段落分隔标点符号和段落分隔的使用对于文章的流畅度和可读性非常重要。
正确使用逗号、句号、破折号等标点符号可以让句子更加清晰明了，段落分隔可以帮助文章的结构更加清晰。
在写作过程中，要留意标点符号和段落分隔的运用。
六、反复检查和修改文章完成文章之后，要反复检查和修改文章，确保语句通顺、逻辑清晰、无拼写错误或者语法错误。
可以请他人帮助审查文章，提出改进的建议。
通过不断的修改和完善，使文章更加精炼和流畅。
总结：写作是一项需要不断练习和提升的技能。
通过明确写作目的和读者、合理组织思路结构、恰当使用丰富的词汇和表达方式、确保语法和句法的正确性、使用恰当的标点符号和段落分隔以及反复检查和修改文章，可以帮助我们提高作文写作的能力。
作文训练中的关键技巧
作文训练中的关键技巧作文是学习中重要的一环，通过写作可以提高语言表达能力、思维逻辑能力和文化素养。
然而，无论是初学者还是有一定经验的写手，在作文训练中都面临一些挑战。
本文将介绍一些关键的技巧，以帮助大家在作文训练中取得进步。
首先，要有清晰的思路和结构。
在写作之前，做好充分的思维准备是非常重要的。
可以先用思维导图将自己想表达的观点和论据进行整理，明确文章的大致框架。
然后，根据框架进行分段，并在每个段落中表达一个清晰的观点。
正确的结构可以使文章更加有条理，易于理解和阅读。
同时，要注意段落之间的过渡，以保持文章整体的连贯性。
其次，要扩充自己的词汇量。
用恰当的词汇来表达观点是作文的关键之一。
为了拓展词汇量，可以多读一些有挑战性的文章和书籍。
在阅读的同时，注意记录生词并进行积累和运用。
此外，使用词典或在线翻译工具来查找不熟悉的词语的意思和用法也是提高词汇量的好办法。
通过多样化的词汇选择，可以使作文更加生动有趣，同时也提升写作的魅力。
第三，要注重语法和标点符号的运用。
正确的语法和标点符号的使用可以使文章更清楚、准确和易读。
为了提升语法水平，可以经常进行语法练习，特别是对自己经常出错的语法点进行针对性的训练。
此外，在写作过程中，要注意标点符号的使用。
熟悉各种标点符号的作用和用法，避免标点符号错误和断句混乱，可以使文章流畅有序。
第四，要进行反复的修改和润色。
写作不是一蹴而就的过程，写完初稿之后，一定要进行反复的修改和润色。
首先，检查文章的逻辑和结构，确保观点的连贯性和条理性。
其次，仔细审查语法和拼写错误，纠正不准确或不恰当的表达。
此外，还可以请教他人或寻求专业编辑的建议，以获得更全面的反馈和指导。
通过不断的修改，作文的质量会有显著的提升。
最后，要多写多练。
写作是一项需要不断练习的技能，多写多练是提高写作水平的关键。
可以选择一些有趣的话题进行练习，比如描述自己的一天、讲述一个有趣的经历等等。
同时，要设定一定的写作目标，坚持每天写一点，不断积累写作经验。
转述微技能在高中英语概要写作中的应用
转述微技能在高中英语概要写作中的应用微技能（microskills）是一种系统化的、可应用于实践的交际教学方法。
在高中英语教学中，微技能广泛地应用于各个技能培养，其中，微技能在概要写作中的应用尤为突出。
在教学中，教师应当遵循微技能教学模式，有针对性地操练微技能，以加强学生的英语写作能力。
第一步，教师应当教授学生概要写作的微技能模型。
模型可以简单精练地解释概要写作的基本结构和要素，包括标题、首段、主体段落以及结尾。
在教授模型时，教师应当注重让学生理解各个结构的重要性和依赖关系，并在学生中间做好示范。
第二步，教师应当引导学生分析概要写作范文，以了解不同样式的写作结构和句式。
分析时，教师应该帮助学生发现其中的写作技巧和表达方式，并通过讨论基本写作指导原则加以总结，提高学生对写作范例的理解和学习效果。
第三步，教师应当促进学生实际运用微技能进行写作操练。
为此，教师应当准备一系列不同难度和主题的写作练习题目，让学生在熟悉范例结构和技巧的基础上，锻炼自己的写作技能和表达能力。
在操练中，教师应当提供针对性的反馈和指导，帮助学生不断改进自己的写作，提高写作表现和成就感。
在实践中，微技能的应用涉及到概括句的构造、关键词的选择、信息摘选和整合以及关联语的运用等方面，涉及的技能有辨别、选择、组织、转换、修改、考虑读者等等。
微技能的运用可以系统性地帮助学生加强概括能力，提高阅读理解能力，培养写作和沟通能力。
在此基础上，教师还可以通过微技能操练，注重学生的词汇和表达能力开发，提高语言水平和表达能力。
同时，教师可以降低学生的学习焦虑，增加学习乐趣，激发学生的学习兴趣和动力。
总之，微技能在高中英语概要写作中的应用可以帮助教师更好地面对语言难度大、知识面广、表达需要多样化的课程特点。
微技能不仅是一种有效的教学方法，更是一种探索学生学习能力和创造力的教学策略，它有助于促进学生在英语写作中的自我认知和自我实现，培养学生全面素质和拓展英语运用能力。
高考英语考前技能提高—概要写作的解题技巧
高考英语备考—概要写作的解题技巧概要写作是新高考启用的新题型，给出一篇300字左右的文章(体裁多为说明文、记叙文，练习时偶见其它文体)，要求缩写成一篇不超过60字的小短文，缩写的内容覆盖原文的要点。
概要写作是对原文的高度浓缩，是阅读者在不改变原文的中心思想、体裁和结构的前提下用简洁、精炼的语言表述一篇文章的主要内容、基本观点或事实。
它主要包括阅读和写作两个过程。
概要写作评分标准及解读（1）总结1.简洁性：即用尽量少的语言对较长原文的简洁重述；2.自主性：即用自己的话语进行概写，避免对原文进行抄袭照搬；3.理解性：即表现作者对原文本的精准理解。
需要注意的是，考生不能对原文进行解释和评论，也不能掺杂任何个人想法，或做出任何评判，因此不能出现“I believe”, “I think”等字句；4.忠实性：即概写内容和中心思想必须忠于原文主旨，不可偏离主题、肆意篡改；5.连贯性：概要写作并非简单罗列要点，各个要点之间要有恰当衔接，使概要衔接紧密、脉络清晰。
写出的概要读起来要完整连贯、独立成篇。
（2）评分原则1. 本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。
2. 评分时，先根据所写概要的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量、确定或调整档次，最后给分。
3. 词数少于40的和多于80的，从总分中减去2分。
4. 评分时，应主要从以下四个方面考虑：(1) 对原文要点的理解和呈现情况；(2) 应用语法结构和词汇的准确性；(3) 上下文的连贯性；(4) 对各要点表达的独立性情况。
5. 拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。
6. 如书写较差以致影响交际，可将分数降低一个档次。
（3）高考真题与样卷特点三、四步突破法第1步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构写概要之前，一定要先通读原文，确定文章的体裁和主题。
在正确把握文章主旨和段落大意后，明确原文的篇章结构。
根据意义划分文中的自然段，意义段的数量对应的就是要点的数量。
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概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点1.段落中前后有转折关系的，主要点在后面转折部分，前面的信息要适当选用（尤其是字数较多的情况下），用while/ although/ despite/ in spite of等引出。
例1: A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of diabetes than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment.要点：【牛刀小试】It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them.要点：2.当段落中出现firstly, secondly, finally或also, besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时，这些次要点都需要提取。
可采用平行结构(几个次要点都采用相同的句法结构)合并次要点。
例2: From one point of view, people who accept changes think that changes make their life meaningful. Firstly, changes create new opportunities, which make us leap forward. A new job, for instance, might present challenges that push the person to adapt, acquire new knowledge, or add to their skill set. Secondly, a change can represent a break with the past and an old routine which has become boring and predictable. Finally, as well as making life more fun and interesting, new experiences can be good for our physical and mental health. We find that changes can make us experienced and valuable.要点：【牛刀小试】①However, a report from the Pew Internet and American Life Project offers a more helpful and encouraging view, suggesting that far from replacing human contact, technology can actually better family relationships. Just over half of the 2,253 people surveyed agreed that technology had enabled them to increase their contact with distant family members and 47 percent said it had improved the communication with the people they lived with. Moreover, even the closest members of families need time away from each other at some point to seek their own interests. Family members who might otherwise have sat in separate rooms can now be in the same one while still occupying a different mental space.要点：②Although there are many benefits, opponents point out problems with the new requirements. First, they argue that the main reason why students go to school is to learn core subjects and skills. Because service learning is time-consuming, students spend less time studying the core subjects. Second, they believe that forcing students to work without pay goes against the law. By requiring service, the school takes away a student’s freedom to choose.要点：3. 当段落有主题句，而主题句表达的意思不够明确时，需要补充次要点。
在概写时可选择与主题句中心词汇(benefits/ problems/ solutions/ advantages/ disadvantages等)相关的内容作为补充的次要点，用like, such as, 非限制性定语从句或破折号等补充说明。
也可直接把次要点中的内容单独成句。
例3: There are many benefits of having green spaces to the urban landscape. Adding gardens to rooftops or walls can create a pleasant environment— what was once a gray cement (水泥) wall can become a colorful, blooming garden. The Caxia Forum art gallery in Madrid, Spain, is a famous example — one of its walls is covered with 15,000 plants from over 250 different species.要点：【牛刀小试】Participation in music also brings social benefits for students. Music is a way to make friends. Some researchers completed a study dealing with the perceived benefits of music. In their findings they wrote, “Participation in musical groups or bands was regarded as an opportunity to socialize with like-minded people, make new friends and meet interesting people, who without the musical engagement they would not have had the opportunity to meet”. Every time a student is involved in music, they have the chance to meet new people, and form lasting friendships.要点：概要写作微技能训练——如何提炼与处理次要点（答案）1.段落中前后有转折关系的，主要点在后面转折部分，前面的信息要适当选用（尤其是字数较多的情况下），用while/ although/ despite/ in spite of等引出。
例1: A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits. Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of diabetes than people who eat meat. What most people are less aware of, however, are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment.要点：While widely acknowledged helpful to keep healthy, vegetarian diets are seldom associated with environment protection.【牛刀小试】It is too late to do anything to help many languages, where the speakers are too few or too old, and where the community is too busy just trying to survive to care about their language. But many languages are not in such a serious position. Often where languages are seriously endangered, there are things that can be done to give new life to them.要点：Despite the unavoidable extinction of some languages due to community decline, many endangered ones can still be preserved.2.当段落中出现firstly, secondly, finally或also, besides, what’s more, in addition, moreover等表示递进关系的连接词时，这些次要点都需要提取。