TPO11-1 Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
托福阅读课件tpo11 ancient egyptian sculpture
Vocabulary Statuary Geometric Renaissance
Phrase As much as possible Has nothing to do with
Egyptian art As much as possible Classical经典 Elite精英 Statuary statue Get confused with困惑
于 Contexts 环境;上下文 Formal content Shape塑造 Distinctive
possible
Get confused with/be confused with Translate:我最近困惑于家庭作业。 I get confused with homework recently
Translate:我的家人很困惑于我的性格。
Has nothing to do with Success has nothof 缺乏 Concerning 关于 Unfavorably不利的 Twist扭 Geometric 几何学的 Perspective/View 观点 Renaissance文艺复兴 Has nothing to do with
和..无关 Purpose目的
As much as possible The investor will invest as much as possible. Translate: 同学应该尽快的离开教室。 Student should leave classroom as soon as
background.
Translate: 幸福和成功没有关系。
In order to/ understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to /know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world/ and the functions and contexts of the art/ produced for them. Without this knowledge /we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, /and we will fail to understand /why it was produced or /the concepts that /shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding /concerning the purposes of Egyptian art /has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures:
TPO11词汇
第一篇:Ancient Egyptian Sculpture(TPO11) sculpture['sculp·ture || 'skʌlptʃə]n.雕刻, 雕塑, 雕刻品v.雕刻; 以雕刻装饰; 做...的雕像; 雕刻于; 从事雕刻Egyptian[E·gyp·tian || ɪ'dʒɪpʃn]n.埃及人adj.埃及的vital[vi·tal || 'vaɪtl] = essentialadj.重要的, 充满活力的, 生命的essential[es·sen·tial || ɪ'senʃl]adj.必要的, 本质的, 重要的context[con·text || 'kɒntekst]n.上下文; 来龙去脉, 背景; 文章脉络appreciate[ap·pre·ci·ate || ə'priːʃɪeɪt]v.赏识; 鉴赏; 感激; 涨价; 增值statuary[stat·u·ar·y || 'stætʃʊərɪ]n.雕像; 雕塑术; 塑像; 雕塑家adj.雕塑的; 适于雕塑的; 雕塑用的unfavorablyadv.不利地; 反对地; 不适宜地; 令人不快地confused[con'fused || -zd]adj.困惑的; 烦恼的geometric[ge·o·met·ric || ‚dʒɪəʊ'metrɪk]adj.几何学的, 几何学图形的, 几何学上的renaissance[Ren·ais·sance || rə'neɪsəns]n.复活, 文艺复兴, 复兴imagination[im·ag·i·na·tion || ɪ‚mædʒɪ'neɪʃn]n.想像力; 空想; 创造力; 妄想content[con·tent || 'kɒntent]n.内容, 要旨; 容纳的东西; 含量, 容量; 具体内容#满足v.使满足adj.满足的, 满意的; 甘愿的n.内容, 要旨; 容纳的东西; 含量, 容量; 具体内容#满足purpose[pur·pose || 'pɜrpəs /'pɜː-]n.目的, 决心, 意向v.意欲, 计划, 企图representation[rep·re·sen·ta·tion || ‚re prɪzen'teɪʃn] n.代表, 代理; 表示, 表现; 代表权; 表述kneel[nɪːl]v.跪下three-dimensional三维的dimensional[di'men·sion·al || -ʃənl]adj.空间的in isolation孤立着; 脱离中original[o·rig·i·nal || ə'rɪdʒənl]n.原物, 原作adj.最初的, 独创的, 原始的context[con·text || 'kɒntekst] = environmentn.上下文; 来龙去脉, 背景; 文章脉络environment[en'vi·ron·ment || -mənt]n.环境, 围绕, 外界rigid[rig·id || 'rɪdʒɪd]adj.坚硬的; 不易弯曲的; 坚固的; 严格的decorative[dec·o·ra·tive || 'dekərətɪv]adj.装饰性的, 装潢用的recipient[re·cip·i·ent || rɪ'sɪpɪənt]n.接受者; 接受器, 容器; 受领者; 间接宾语performer[per'form·er || pər'fɔrmə(r) /pə'fɔː-]n.表演者ritual[rit·u·al || 'rɪtʃʊəl]n.仪式, 宗教仪式, 典礼adj.仪式的, 依仪式而行的pylon[py·lon || 'paɪlɑn /-lən]n.塔门, 路标塔pillar[pil·lar || 'pɪlə(r)]n.柱子, 重要的支持者, 栋梁v.用柱支持deceased[de'ceased || -st]adj.已故的interact['in·ter·act || 'ɪntə'rækt]v.互相作用; 互动; 互相影响decorative[dec·o·ra·tive || 'dekərətɪv]adj.装饰性的, 装潢用的rectangular[rec·tan·gu·lar || rek'tæŋgjələ(r)]adj.矩形的, 长方形的; 直角的, 有直角的shrine[ʃraɪn]n.圣坛; 圣祠; 神龛; 神殿v.将...置于神龛内core[kɔː] = centern.核心, 争论的核心, 果心v.挖...的核centern.中心, 中锋, 中心点v.集中; 定中心; 使聚集在一点; 居中; 被置于中心; 有中心peg[peg]n.钉; 桩; 栓; 衣夹v.钉木钉, 限制, 固定; 坚持不懈地工作psychologicallyadv.心理上地; 心理学地retain[re·tain || rɪ'teɪn]v.保持, 保留compactness[com'pact·ness || -nɪs]n.紧密; 紧凑; 坚实; 小巧practical[prac·ti·cal || 'præktɪkl]adj.实际的, 实用性的, 现实的pillar[pil·lar || 'pɪlə(r)]n.柱子, 重要的支持者, 栋梁v.用柱支持contrast[con·trast || 'kɒntrɑːst]n.对比; 差异; 对照, 相反, 变化; 清晰度, 暗亮像素之间的差异(计算机用语)v.使对比, 使对照; 形成对照wax[wæks]n.蜡, 增加, 蜡状物v.上蜡于; 变大; 月亮渐满; 增大adj.蜡状的item[i·tem || 'aɪtəm]n.项目; 条款; 品目; 细目deity[de·ity || 'diːɪtɪ]n.神, 神性depict[de·pict || dɪ'pɪkt] = portrayv.描述; 描写portray[por·tray || pɔr'treɪ /pɔː-]v.画; 把...描绘成; 描写; 扮演generic[ge·ner·ic || dʒɪ'nerɪk]adj.属的; 一般的; 类的figure[fig·ure || 'fɪgjər /'fɪgə]n.图形, 形状, 数字v.描绘, 演算, 表示; 出现, 出名, 估计第二篇:Orientation and Navigation(TPO11)orientation[o·ri·en·ta·tion || ‚ɔːrɪen'teɪʃn]n.适应, 和周围配合; 定方位, 方向, 倾向; 打印的方向, 可以读或看一张图片的方向(计算机用语); 向东方navigation[nav·i·ga·tion || ‚nævɪ'geɪʃn]n.航海, 导航, 航空specific[spe·cif·ic || spɪ'sɪfɪk]n.特性; 详情; 特效药; 详细说明书adj.特殊的, 具有特效的, 明确的perplexed[per'plexed || pər'plekst /pə-]adj.困惑的, 不知所措的initiate[in·i·ti·ate ||ɪ'nɪʃɪeɪt]n.接受初步知识者; 新加入者v.开始; 传授; 发动involve[in·volve || ɪn'vɑlv /-'vɒlv] = puzzledv.包括, 潜心于, 使陷于puzzled['pʌzld]adj.困惑的, 茫然的, 搞糊涂的He then set up experiments with caged starlings and found that their orientation was. in fact, in the proper migratory direction except when the sky was overcast, at which times there was no clear direction to their restless movements.Experiments revealed that caged starlings’ orientaion was accurate unless the weather was overcast.overcast[,o·ver'cast || ‚əʊvə(r)kɑːst]adj.阴天的, 愁闷的, 阴暗的migratory['mi·gra·to·ry || 'maɪgrətɔrɪ /-trɪ]adj.迁移的; 流浪的; 有迁居习惯的; 游走性的starling[star·ling || 'stɑrlɪŋ /'stɑː-]n.欧掠鸟#挡水木桩cage[keɪdʒ]n.鸟笼, 兽笼; 座厢; 起降机v.关进笼内flutter[flut·ter || 'flʌtə(r)]n.摆动; 烦扰; 鼓翼v.摆动, 烦扰, 鼓翼; 拍; 使焦急surmise[sur·mise || 'sɜrmaɪz ,sər'- /'sɜː- ,sə'm-]v.推测; 猜测, 臆测n.推测, 猜测circumstance[cir·cum·stance || 'sɜːkəmstəns]n.环境, 事件, 状况determine[de·ter·mine || dɪ'tɜːmɪn]v.决定; 判决, 裁定; 使决定, 使下决心; 确定; 决定; 判决; 终止preposterous[pre·pos·ter·ous || prɪ'pɑstərəs /-'pɒs-] = unbelievableadj.前后颠倒的, 荒谬的, 不合理的unbelievableadj.难以置信的mirror[mir·ror || 'mɪrə(r)]n.镜子, 典范, 写真v.反映; 映出cage[keɪdʒ]n.鸟笼, 兽笼; 座厢; 起降机v.关进笼内artificial[ar·ti·fi·cial || ‚ɑːtɪ'fɪʃl]adj.人工的, 人造的; 矫揉造作的, 不自然的; 假的; 人为的stationary[sta·tion·ar·y || 'steɪʃnərɪ ,-nrɪ]adj.不动的; 定居的; 不增减的; 常备军的visible[vis·i·ble || 'vɪzəbl]adj.看得见的, 显然的, 明显的precise[pre·cise || prɪ'saɪs]adj.精确的, 明白的, 严谨的compensate[com·pen·sate || 'kɒmpenseɪt]v.补偿, 赔偿; 酬报; 补偿, 赔偿; 抵消constant['con·stant || 'kɑnstənt /'kɒn-]n.常数; 恒量adj.不变的; 坚决的; 持续的planetarium[plan·e·tar·i·um || ‚plænɪ'terɪəm /-'teər-]n.行星仪, 天文dome[dəʊm]n.圆屋顶, 穹窿, 圆盖; 苍穹; 半球形物; 大厦cue[kjuː]n.提示, 尾白#线索; 暗示, 信号#角色v.把...插入演出; 给...暗示; 暗示magnetism['mag·net·ism || 'mægnɪtɪzm]n.磁性, 磁学, 吸引力landmark['land·mark || 'lændmɑrk /-mɑːk]n.地标, 陆标; 重大事件, 里程碑; 界标, 界石coastlinen.海岸线sensory[sen·so·ry || 'sensrɪ]adj.知觉的, 感觉器官的, 感觉的ceiling[ceil·ing || 's iːlɪŋ]n.天花板; 最高限度flutter[flut·ter || 'flʌtə(r)]n.摆动; 烦扰; 鼓翼v.摆动, 烦扰, 鼓翼; 拍; 使焦急orient[o·ri·ent || 'ɔːrɪənt]adj.东方的, 灿烂的, 上升的v.使朝东, 确定方向, 使适应; 适应形势, 向东rotate[ro·tate || rəʊ'teɪt]v.旋转, 转动; 轮换调防; 循环, 轮流; 使旋转, 使转动; 轮换; 使轮流; 把轮换调防sonar[so·nar || 'səʊnɑr /-nɑː]n.声纳, 声波定位仪accumulate[ac·cu·mu·late || ə'kjuːmjʊleɪt] = increasingv.积聚, 累积; 积攒; 积成堆; 累积, 聚积increase[in·crease || ɪn'krɪːs]n.增加, 利益, 增进v.增加; 繁殖; 增加; 加大alter[al·ter || 'ɔːltə]v.改变; 阉割, 去势; 修改; 变样, 改变confusion[con'fu·sion || -uːʒn]n.混乱, 无秩序, 混淆第三篇:Begging by Nestlings(TPO11)nestling[nest·ling || 'nestlɪŋ]n.刚孵出的雏鸟; 幼小动物; 婴儿beg[beg]v.乞讨; 请; 请求, 恳求; 假定...为正确; 乞讨; 请求, 恳求signalern.信号装置; 通讯兵; 信号员impose on = place onimpose[ɪm'pəʊz]v.征; 把...强加于; 加于; 利用; 施影响; 欺骗raccoon[ræ'kuːn]n.浣熊, 浣熊毛皮hawk[hɔːk]n.鹰, 隼; 骗子; 贪婪的家伙; 鹰派人物, 主战派成员v.放鹰行猎; 清嗓; 咳出defenseless (Amer.)adj.无防御的; 不能自卫的; 无保护的swallow[swal·low || 'swɑləʊ /'swɒl-]n.吞, 咽; 一次吞咽之物#燕子v.吞下, 咽下; 吞并; 淹没, 吞没; 耗尽, 用尽; 吞下; 咽下trial[tri·al || 'traɪəl]n.试验, 审讯, 考验adj.尝试的, 试验性的artificial[ar·ti·fi·cial || ‚ɑːtɪ'fɪʃl] = not realadj.人工的, 人造的; 矫揉造作的, 不自然的; 假的; 人为的relative[rel·a·tive || 'relətɪv]n.亲戚, 关系词adj.有关系的, 比较的, 相对的versus[ver·sus || 'vɜrsəs /'vɜː-]prep.对; 与...相对vulnerable[vul·ner·a·ble || 'vʌlnərəbl]adj.易受伤害的, 易受攻击的, 有弱点的evolve[e·volve || ɪ'vɒlv]v.使发展, 使进化, 推论; 进展, 展开, 进化property[prop·er·ty || 'prɑpə(r)tɪ /'prɒ-]n.财产, 性质, 所有权victimize (Amer.)['vic·tim·ize || 'vɪktɪmaɪz]v.使牺牲, 使受害, 欺骗nester['nestə(r)]n.放牧地自耕农; 穴居的兽; 筑巢的鸟advertise[ad·ver·tise || 'ædvətaɪz]v.通知, 做广告; 作宣传, 做广告prediction[pre'dic·tion || prɪ'dɪkʃn] = expectationn.预言, 预报expectation[ex·pec·ta·tion || ‚ekspek'teɪʃn]n.期待; 指望; 预料pinpoint = locate exactlyn.极小之物, 针尖v.刺破, 刺穿; 准确地确定; 用针标出...的精确位置; 使突出adj.针尖的, 精确的, 极微的derive[de·rive || dɪ'raɪv] = gainv.得自; 起源gain[geɪn]n.获得; 获利; 增加; 获得物v.得到; 使得到; 获得, 赢得; 增加, 增添; 获利, 赚钱; 取得进展; 得益; 得到改善intensity[in·ten·si·ty || ɪn'tensətɪ]n.强烈, 强度, 紧张, 紧张的程度; 力气, 能量; 感情的强度; 极度; 深沉; 清晰, 从图像装置或像素发出光的量, 亮度(计算机用语)sibling[sib·ling || 'sɪblɪŋ]n.兄弟姐妹; 民族成员; 同胞vigorouslyadv.精神旺盛地; 活泼地weakness[weak·ness || 'wɪːknɪs]n.虚弱, 弱点, 薄弱predator['predətə(r)]n.掠夺者, 食肉动物exaggerated[ex'ag·ger·at·ed || -tɪd]adj.夸张的; 过大的; 言过其实的cheatern.骗子; 背叛者; 欺诈者secure[sɪ'kjʊr /-'kjʊə]v.把...弄牢; 使安全; 关紧; 掩护adj.安全的, 放心的, 可靠的。
TOEFL经典加试题(Reading+Listenning)
TOEFL经典加试题(Reading+Listening)TEOFL阅读经典加试(Reading)托福阅读经典加试I:苏美尔文明:Mesopotamia的背景:美索不达米亚亚洲西南部Tigris 和Euphrates 两河流域间的古王国,美索不达米亚古代西南亚介于底格里斯河和幼发拉底河之间的一个地区,位于现在的伊拉克境内。
可能在公元前5000年以前就开始有人在此定居。
这一地区孕育了众多的人类早期文明,其中包括苏美尔文明、阿卡德文明、巴比伦文明和亚述文明。
蒙古侵略者在公元1258年破坏了该地区发达的灌溉系统之后,这一地区的重要性就此减小。
其中巴比伦文明以其成就斐然而成为两河流域文明的典范,古巴比伦王国与古埃及、古印度和中国构成了人们所说的世界四大文明古国。
尼罗河文明:发源于非洲尼罗河(Nile)流域,又称古埃及文明,其历史也可追溯到公元前4000年。
公元前3100年左右,上埃及国王美尼斯统一上下埃及,开始了史称的埃及王朝时期,也就代表了古埃及文明的正式开始。
美索布达米娅文化Sumerian civilization第一段:美文化和埃及文化同时,但因为美的地域限制一直没有统一。
(有题)平原,经常受到入侵,四周沙漠,生活好,不统一。
开头,it is astonishing that...两个地方在同一时间产生了两种文化,并且互有交流。
一个是尼罗河的埃及文化,一个是两河流域的M地文化。
埃及文化仰仗尼罗河,河水孕育了富饶的土地,两岸有沙漠作为自然屏障。
M地不一样,河水土地narrow and shallow,周围没有起保护作用的天然屏障第二段:直到一种S人来统一,说了他们的来源和历史,他们建立了一种s文化第三段:S文化的实物遗迹少,这又两方面原因:一当地石料不丰富二当地人没有厚葬的习惯。
所以对S的了解主要基于文字。
当初美索不达米亚的居民生活好像挺好的,所以一直没有人提出统一的想法,很久以后才有,可是由于大量的花费在战争上什么的,很快就覆灭了。
TPO11 第1篇
古埃及的雕塑Ancient Egyptian Sculpture段意和细节1.为了欣赏古埃及的艺术,我们需要了解古埃及人的思想,这些艺术品的功能,以及创造这些艺术的背景。
(1.没有背景知识,不能彻底理解这些艺术2.没有背景知识,会对古埃及的艺术产生误解,所以我们要欣赏这些艺术就要了解为什么古埃及人制造了这些艺术。
)2.大多数的3D雕象都是正面描述,而且阐述了正面描述的原因。
(1.用于对上帝,国王和亡灵的敬仰;2.用于建筑物前,为建筑物添加色彩)3.制造雕塑的材料,主要是石头,木头和金属。
(1.石雕一般是长方形的石头制成的,并且保持原有的形状和比例,通常为了保护它,会给它增加一个支柱;2.木质雕塑一般是几块木头拼在一起雕刻而成;3、金属雕塑是一个木质的内里外面围上一层薄薄的金属,或者再用蜡抛光。
金属的雕塑是可以拆卸的。
)4.雕塑呈现的内容。
(一般是那些有名望的人,少部分是平民。
平民的姿势比名人的更生动,主要是为了表现出平民的工作内容。
)题目分析第1题:词汇vital的同义词是essential第2题第一段告诉我们古埃及艺术没有其他艺术招人喜欢的一个原因,是因为古埃及艺术缺乏。
4 选项1,身体比例的真实感(not a lack of skill)选项2,看重在不同尺寸的雕塑的与众不同的形式(这是古埃及艺术的优点)选项3,欧洲艺术的原创性(not a lack of imagination )选项4,显现人体动态的艺术能力(not twisted and turned)第3题第一段作者提到了下方的条件都是理解古埃及艺术必须的,除了。
3选项1,制造这些艺术的原因(contexts of the art produced for them)选项2,古埃及贵族的信仰,思想(elite Egptians’ view of the world)选项3,古埃及艺术对后世艺术的影响,比如古希腊的技术选项4,艺术的用途(functions)第4题根据第二段,为什么古埃及雕塑是真面描述的?2选项1,制造一种心理的距离感和孤独感(viewed in isolation 只是被认为)选项2,完成在古埃及人生活典礼中的重要角色(play a role in the cults of the gods…)选项3,与装饰性的雕塑形成鲜明的对比(没有对比)选项4,反映出古埃及人死板的哲学态度(criticizethem for their rigid attitudes不了解就会批评,并不是古埃及人真实的态度)第5题Context的同义词是environment,表示背景,环境第6题作者提到“an architectural setting”是为了。
新托福TPO口语参考答案——TPO11
1. Talk about an interesting book you have read. Explain why you thought the book was interesting. Give specific details and examples to explain your answer.Recently, I read an interesting novel named “Keep the aspidistra flying” which is written by George Orwell. I think it’s very interesting because in the story the main character’s experience is similar to mine. The main character wants to be a poet while I want to be a writer. He abandoned his well-paying job for his dream and I also quit my job for my dream. He had a time when he was impoverished and I also experienced a time when I couldn’t afford a lunch. He lives in a society where money talks and I live in a society where money is everything. So these similar experiences make me think the book interesting.2.Some people think that children should be allowed to watch whatever television programs they choose to. Others think that parents should exercise control over the television programs their children watch. Which do you agree with? Explain why.I think parents should exercise control over the televisionprograms their children watch. It’s a way of protection, since many shows are full of violent or horrifying scenes. But children are not mature enough to bear those scenes so they may feel terrified. Take myself as an example, When I was 7-year-old, I was watching TV alone at home. I accidentally ran into a horror movie and was frightened by the horrible zombies in the movie. They eat human beings and tear bodies into pieces. I was shocked by the bloody scenes. From then on, I started to be afraid of darkness. Every time I walked along the street in the evening, I would feel a zombie following me. I didn’t get rid of the bad influence from that movie until high school.3. The woman expresses her opinion about the university' s plan. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.The college is planning to renovate the dormitories in order to attract more students to remain on campus. The woman thinks the plan is a mistake. The woman says that the constructions will create too much noise and will constantly disturb students who are now living on campus. So it’s possible that more studentswill choose to live off-campus. She also says that the new campus housing is going to cost more because the college plans to use the students’ housing fees to pay for the renovations. So students won’t be able to afford to live on campus. They may still choose to rent an apartment off-campus. So the college may not achieve its goal to attract more students to remain on campus.4. Explain why Henry Darger is considered an Outsider Artist.According to the reading passage, outsider artists work in isolation and don’t get formal artistic training and they also invent their own ways of doing things. Therefore, their work may look strange and can be very different from other artists’. According to the professor, Henry Darger lived by himself, had no friends and thus worked in isolation. Also,He never received any formal training and his work is very unique. Darger had a hard time painting figures but he managed to come up with his own method. He cut out pictures of children from newspapers and pasted them on the painting. So his painting looks a little strange. It’s more cluttered and more crowded with details than other artists’ paintings. Also because the entirespace is painted, Darger’s painting is a lot longer than other artists’5. The students discuss a problem and two possible solutions. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.The man has got a summer research position on campus but he didn’t apply for a dorm room for the summer. And it’s too late to apply now. In the conversation, they talk about two possible solutions. The first one is that the man can stay with his parents and commute to campus everyday. His parents will be happy to have him home and many old friends will come back home for the summer vacation. But it’s a little tiring to drive on the road. The second solution is to rent an apartment near campus. It saves time and gas fee. But still the man has to pay for the rent. Well, I would recommend the man to choose the first solution. Since his parents are happy to live with him and he can meet many old friends, why not stay with his parents. Even if it’s tiring to drive, he can save the money for the rent.6. Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain what unity and contrast are, and how they make interior design more effective.In the lecture, the professor says an effective design needs to balance unity and contrast. An easy way to achieve unity is to bring together similar elements. A common practice is by matching colors. For example, we can pick green and use light shade green for the walls ,dark shade green for the sofa, and green for the rug. When elements match, the room is unified and gives senses of order and comfort. But too much unity will make a room boring. So we need contrast to break the unity. Contrast serves to disrupt unity in a careful and intentional way. In order to create color contrast, we need to change colors now and then. For example, we could put light red cushion on the dark green sofa. Contrast makes things stand out. Green will look greener next to the red. But too much contrast will make a room feel dizzy and chaotic. So an effective design must avoid too much unity and too much contrast.。
新托福TPO11综合写作详细解析
阅读材料: A recent study reveals that people especially young people are reading far less literature – novels, plays, and poems –than they used to. This is troubling because the trend has unfortunate effects for the reading public, for culture in general, and for the future of literature itself. 最近的研究显⽰⼈们,尤其是年轻⼈不再像以前那样爱读想⼩说、喜剧或者诗歌这类⽂学作品了。
这个现象是令⼈担忧的。
这是因为这对⼴⼤读者受众、对⼴义⽂化以及对于⽂学本⾝未来的发展都是⾮常不幸的。
While there has been a decline in book reading generally, the decline has been especially sharp for literature. This is unfortunate because nothing else provides the intellectual stimulation that literature does. Literature encourages us to exercise our imaginations, empathize with others, and expand our understanding of language. So, by reading less literature, the reading public is missing out on important benefits. 在书籍阅读量下降的⼤⽓候下,⽂学类书籍阅读量下降更为明显。
ancient greek pottery 托福阅读
ancient greek pottery 托福阅读
【原创版】
目录
1.古希腊陶器的历史背景和特点
2.古希腊陶器的制作工艺和装饰艺术
3.古希腊陶器的主要种类和代表作品
4.古希腊陶器对后世的影响
正文
古希腊陶器是古希腊文明的重要组成部分,其历史悠久,可以追溯到公元前 8 世纪。
古希腊陶器的特点是造型优美、线条流畅,具有很高的艺术价值。
古希腊陶器的制作工艺独特,其制作过程分为选料、制坯、雕刻、上釉和烧制等步骤。
古希腊陶器的装饰艺术丰富多彩,包括几何图案、神话故事、动物形象等,充满了浓厚的生活气息和文化内涵。
古希腊陶器主要有两种类型,一种是红色陶器,另一种是黑色陶器。
红色陶器以红色为基调,黑色陶器以黑色为基调。
这两种陶器在古希腊文化中都有重要地位,其中,黑色陶器在公元前 6 世纪达到了巅峰,被誉为“古希腊黑陶”。
古希腊陶器的代表作品有《阿基琉斯与阿伽门农的争端》、《特洛伊之战》等,这些作品不仅展示了古希腊陶器的高超技艺,同时也反映了古希腊社会的历史和文化。
古希腊陶器对后世影响深远,其造型和装饰艺术被广泛应用于后世的艺术品制作中,如古罗马陶器、意大利文艺复兴时期的雕塑等。
古希腊陶器的艺术风格和技艺也影响了中国古代陶瓷的制作,如唐代的三彩陶器、宋代的哥窑等。
(完整版)托福TPO阅读话题分类-更新
托福阅读文章分类本分类为四大类:自然科学、生物科学、社会科学、其他学科自然科学包括:地质学、天文学生物科学:植物学、动物学、生态\环境学社会科学:艺术、历史\考古学、心理\生理学、社会学自然科学一、地质学冰川类1.OG:Green Icebergs2.TPO 15:Glacier Formation3.TPO 19:Discovering the Ice Ages地质类1.OG:Desert Formation2.OG:Geology and Landscape3.TPO 01:Groundwater4.TPO 03:Depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer5.TPO 07:The Geologic History of the Mediterranean6.TPO 12:Water in the Desert7.TPO 20:Fossil Preservation8.TPO 21:Geothermal Energy9.TPO 24:Lake Water10. TPO 27: The Formation of Volcanic Islands11. TPO 29: The History of Waterpower二、天文学火星类1.TPO 08:Running Water on Mars2.TPO 25:The Surface of Mars其他行星类1.TPO 16:Planets in Our Solar System2.TPO 22:The Allende Meteorite生物科学一、植物学1.Sample:Opportunity and Competitors2. TPO 01: Timberline Vegetation on Mountains3.TPO 05:Minerals and Plants4.TPO 09:The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii5.TPO 25:The Evolutionary Origin of Plants6.TPO 22:Spartina7. TPO 29: Competition二、动物学动物特点1.OG:Swimming Machines2.OG:Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores3.TPO04:Deer Population of the Puget Sound4.TPO 13:Biological Clock5.TPO 15:A Warm-blooded Turtle6.TPO 17:Symbiotic Relationship7.TPO27: Buck Rubs and Buck Scrapes8.TPO27: Predator-Prey Cycle9.TPO 30: Role of Play in Development10.TPO 30: The Pace of Evolutionary Change动物变化1.Sample:Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction2.TPO 05:The Cambrian Explosion3.TPO 08:Extinction of The Dinosaurs4.TPO 15:Mass Extinctions动物行为1.TPO 02:The Origins of Cetaceans2. TPO 11:Orientation and Navigation3.TPO 11:Begging by Nestlings4.TPO 17:Animal Signals in The Rain Forest三、生态/环境学生态系统1.TPO 03:The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems2.TPO 19:Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems3.TPO 26:Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions 环境特点1.Sample:Electricity from Wind2.TPO 04:Petroleum Resources3.TPO 10:Variations in the Climate4.TPO 18:Lightning5.TPO 23:Urban Climates社会科学一、艺术绘画/雕塑/陶瓷1.Sample:Lascaux Cave Paintings2.TPO04:Cave Art in Europe3.TPO 10:Chinese Pottery4.TPO 11:Ancient Egyptian Sculpture5.TPO 23:Rock Art of the Australian Aborigines6.TPO 27: Crafts in the Ancient New East建筑/戏剧/电影/1.OG:Applied Arts and Fine Arts2.TPO 01:The Origins of Theater3.TPO02:Early Cinema4.TPO03:Architecture5.TPO 12:Transition to Sound in Film6.TPO 22:The Birth of Photography二、历史/考古学工业化介绍1.OG:Artisans and Industrialization2.TPO 06:Powering the Industrial Revolution3.TPO 18:Industrialization in the Netherlands and Scandinavia4.TPO 26:Energy and the Industrial Revolution贸易/经济介绍1.TPO 10:Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth2.TPO14:Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia3.TPO 16:Trade and the Ancient Middle East4.TPO 17:Europe’s Early Sea Trade with Asia5.TPO 25:The Decline of Venetian Shipping农业发展介绍1.TPO 07:Agriculture, Iron, and The Bantu Peoples2.TPO21:The Origins of Agriculture3.TPO 23:Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture国家/城市特点1.OG:Nineteenth-Century Politics inThe United States2. TPO 08:The Rise of Teotihuacan3.TPO 07:Ancient Rome and Greece4.TPO 14:Maya Water Problems5.TPO 19:The Roman Army’s Impact on Britain6.TPO 26:Sumer and The First Cities of The Ancient Near East7.TPO 29: Characteristics of Roman Army人口变化特点1.TPO 05:The Origins of the Pacific Island People2.TPO 09:Colonizing the Americas Via The Northwest Coast3.TPO 20:Westward Migration4.TPO 20:Early Settlement in the Southwest Asia5.TPO 24:Moving into Pueblos三、心理/生理学1.OG:Aggression2.OG:The Expression of Emotion3.TPO 06:Infantile Amnesia4.TPO 13:Methods of Studying Infant Perception5.TPO 18:The Mystery of Yawning6.TPO 21:Autobiographical Memory7.TPO 24:Breathing during Sleep四、社会学1. TPO 14:Children and Advertising2.TPO 09:Reflection in Teaching3.TPO 13:Types of Social Groups其他学科类1.OG:Loie Fuller2.TPO 06:William Smith3.TPO 16:Development of the Periodic Table4.TPO 12:Which Hand Did They Use?5.TOP 28: Early Saharan Pastoralists6.TPO 30 The Invention of the Mechanical Clock。
【小站教育】托福TPO阅读文章话题匹配
托福TPO阅读文章话题匹配自然科学一、地质学冰川类1 OG:Green Icebergs2 TPO 15:Glacier Formation3 TPO 19:Discovering The Ice Ages地质现象1 OG:Geology and Landscape2 TPO 01:Groundwater3 TPO 02:Desert Formation4 TPO 03:Depletion of The Ogallala Aquifer5 TPO 07:The Geologic History of The Mediterranean6 TPO 12:Water in The Desert7 TPO 20:Fossil Preservation8 TPO 21:Geothermal Energy9 TPO 24:Lake Water二、天文学火星类1 TPO 08:Running Water On Mars2 TPO 25:The Surface of Mars其他行星类1 TPO 16:Planets in Our Solar System2 TPO 22:The Allende Meteorite生物科学一、植物学1 Sample:Opportunity and Competitors2 TPO 01:Timberline Vegetation on Mountains3 TPO 05:Minerals and Plants4 TPO 09:The Arrival of Plant Life in Hawaii5 TPO 22:Spartina6 TPO 25:The Evolutionary Origin of Plants二、动物学动物特点1 OG:Swimming Machines2 OG:Feeding Habits of East African Herbivores3 TPO 04:Deer Population of The Puget Sound4 TPO 13:Biological Clock5 TPO 15:A Warm-blooded Turtle6 TPO 17:Symbiotic Relationship动物变化1 Sample:Meteorite Impact and Dinosaur Extinction2 TPO 05:The Cambrian Explosion3 TPO 08:Extinction of The Dinosaurs4 TPO 15:Mass Extinctions动物行为1 TPO 02:The Origins of Cetaceans2 TPO 11:Begging by Nestlings3 TPO 11:Orientation and Navigation4 TPO 17:Ani mal Signals in The Rain Forest三、生态/环境学生态系统1 TPO 03:The Long-Term Stability of Ecosystems2 TPO 19:Succession, Climax, and Ecosystems3 TPO 26:Survival of Plants and Animals in Desert Conditions 环境特点1 Sample:Electricity from Wind2 TPO 04:Petroleum Resources3 TPO 10:Variations in The Climate4 TPO 18:Lightning5 TPO 23:Urban Climates社会科学一、艺术绘画/雕塑/陶瓷1 Sample:Lascaux Cave Paintings2 TPO 04:Cave Art in Europe3 TPO 10:Chinese Pottery4 TPO 11:Ancient Egyptian Sculpture5 TPO 23:Rock Art of the Australian Aborigines建筑/戏剧/电影/摄影1 OG:Applied Arts and Fine Arts2 TPO 01:The Origins of Theater3 TPO 02:Early Cinema4 TPO 03:Architecture5 TPO 12:Transition to Sound in Film10 TPO 22:The Birth of Photography二、历史/考古学工业化介绍1 OG:Artisans and Industrialization2 TPO 06:Powering The Industrial Revolution3 TPO 18:Industrialization in The Netherlands and Scandinavia4 TPO 26:Energy and the Industrial Revolution贸易/经济介绍1 TPO 10:Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth2 TPO14:Pastoralism in Ancient Inner Eurasia3 TPO 16:Trade and The Ancient Middle East4 TPO 17:Europe’s Early Sea Trade with Asia5 TPO 25:The Decline of Venetian Shipping农业发展介绍1 TPO 07:Agriculture, Iron, and The Bantu Peoples2 TPO21:The Origins of Agriculture3 TPO 23:Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture国家/城市特点1 OG:Nineteenth-Century Politics in The United States2 TPO 07:Ancient Rome and Greece3 TPO 08:The Rise of Teotihuacan4 TPO 14:Maya Water Problems5 TPO 19:The Roman Army’s Impact on Britain6 TPO 26:Sumer and The First Cities of The Ancient Near East 人口变化特点1 TPO 05:The Origins of The Pacific Island People2 TPO 09:Colonizing The Americas Via The Northwest Coast3 TPO 20:Westward Migration4 TPO 20:Early Settlement in The Southwest Asia5 TPO 24:Moving into Pueblos三、心理/生理学1 OG:Aggression2 OG:The Expression of Emotion3 TPO06:Infantile Amnesia4 TPO 13:Methods of Studying Infant Perception5 TPO 18:The Mystery of Yawning6 TPO 21:Autobiographical Memory7 TPO 24:Breathing During Sleep四、社会学1 TPO09:Reflection in Teaching2 TPO 13:Types of Social Groups3 TPO 14:Childrenand Advertising其他学科类1 OG:Loie Fuller2 TPO 06:William Smith3 TPO 16:Development of The Periodic Table4 TPO 12:Which Hand Did They Use?以上就是关于托福阅读文章话题匹配(更新至TPO 26)的详细内容,希望对考生们复习托福阅读有所帮助,400-080-6358。
TPO 阅读汇总 - final 302
ContentsTPO 1.1 Timberline Vegetation On Mountains (3)TPO 1.2 The Origins Of Theater (7)TPO 2.1 Desert Formation (13)TPO 2.2 The Origins of Cetaceans (21)TPO 3.1 Architecture (26)TPO 3.2 depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer (28)TPO 4.1 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound (30)TPO 4.2 Cave Art In Europe (32)TPO 5.1 Minerals and Plants (34)TPO 5.2 The Origin of the Pacific Island People (36)TPO 6.1 Powering the Industrial Revolution (40)TPO 6.2 William Smith (42)TPO 7.1 The Geologic History of the Mediterranean (44)TPO 7.2 Ancient Rome and Greece (46)TPO 8.1 The Rise of Teotihuacán (48)TPO 8.2 Extinction of the Dinosaurs (50)TPO 9.1 Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast (52)TPO 9.2 Reflection in Teaching (54)TPO 10.1 Chinese Pottery (56)TPO 10.2 Variations in the Climate (58)TPO 11.1 Ancient Egyptian Sculpture (61)TPO 11.2 Orientation and Navigation (62)TPO 12.1 Which Hand Did They Use? (65)TPO 12.2 Transition to Sound in Film (66)TPO 20.1 Westward Migration (69)TPO 20.2 Early Settlements in the Southwest Asia (72)TPO 21.1 Geothermal Energy (74)TPO 21.2 The Origins of Agriculture (75)TPO 22.1 Spartina (78)TPO 22.2 The Birth of Photography (79)TPO 23.1 Urban Climates (83)阅读中的词汇Section 1 –词汇讲解TPO 1.1 Timberline Vegetation On MountainsIn many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture. (原文第一段最后一句话)Tundra 英英翻译Dramatic Drama戏剧–tic 形容词Horizontal Vertical 结合数学几何、画图讲解SlopeShrubsHerbsGrassesSemi-arid 记忆方法Moisture 英英词根重要Tropics 原文中与polar同时出现/ 画图说明重要Subtropics sub - 亚、低于、下属的重要Polar 记忆方法Evergreens 直译ever+ green=SpeciesTwisted近义词组,被风刮的,形容树DeformedLatitude 拼音联想法Longitude 与latitude一同记忆拓展词汇Altitude 不要搞混Attain 单词联想重要Ridges 画图说明重要Valley 画图说明重要Cessation 英英例句非常重要Adjacent 英英词根发音不要读错词根演变非常重要Prone 英英中文例句Section 2Match Timber Evergreen Vegetation Tropics Polar Ridges Valley Cessation Vertical SlopeSection 3 - TPO 1 原文词汇题1. The word ―dramatic‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toGradualComplexVisibleStriking5. The word attain in the passage is closest in meaning to RequireResistAchieveEndure7. The word prone in the passage is closest in meaning to AdaptedLikelyDifficultResistantSection 4 –句子翻译1. If you would like to plant vegetation closer than eight meters, choose low-growing plants and shrubs.2. But the most dramatic escalation (扩大、增加)of the air war is the creation of two totallynew airlines. Time Magazine (2004)3. Los Angeles sits on a semiarid coastal (沿海的) plain, with desert on three sides and thePacific Ocean on the fourth.Smithsonian (2002)4. Rainfall affects the moisture content of the atmosphere.5. The tropics are the parts of the world that lie between two lines of latitude.6. Showing dead and deformed bodies on TV is not acceptable.7. The chee-tah(猎豹)can attain speeds of up to 97 kph.8. The waves(海浪)had pushed the sand into little ridges.9. The money saved from the cessation of the road project will be invested in public transport.10. We work in adjacent rooms.11. Working without a break makes you more prone to error.TPO 1.2 The Origins Of Theaterorigin难记词汇Spec-ulation 英英记忆方法例句concrete 英英championed champion –noun –verb 拓展Anthropologists 词缀记忆法扩充词汇archeologist 词缀、联想记忆法扩充词汇psychologist 词缀记忆法扩充词汇psycho 俚语En-visions 词缀记忆e-merging 词根英英myth 名词mythical 形容词形式ritual 文章中特指宗教仪式rite 同义词briefly 英英1 2 3扩充词汇brief 形容词扩充词汇brief 名词常用词汇perceived 前缀Per- 通过、完全、非常receive 收到例句attribute 动词例句扩充词汇attribute 名词例句desirableundesirable扩充词汇favorable扩充词汇unfavorableapparent 联想记忆法扩充词汇transparent 前缀accompany 动词扩充词汇company 名词扩充词汇company 名词重要sophisticated 形容词例句sophisticated 形容词例句sophisticated 形容词例句中文conceptions 词根Concept 例句conceptions 另外一个意思Causal cause原因扩充词汇Casual casual dress 不要与causal搞混divorcedoralautonomous autonomous activityAes-the-tic 英英TPO原文常用词汇Concern 名词elaborated 动词would you care to elaborate?elaborating 形容词例句扩充词汇explain扩充词汇illustrateevolve 达尔文进化论Theory of evolution 不重要virtuosity 英英1.1阅读词汇ceased重要、实用imitative 形容词,文中指人的特性重要、实用imitate 动词To copy 口语、写作实用词汇objectify -ify动词结尾modify, justify, notifyconfront front前面的detached divorced同义词扩充词汇attached不重要penchant penchant for fantasySection 2 - Match Concrete Champion Archeologist Oral Brief DivorcedEvolveSection 3 – TPO 词汇题1. The word ―championed‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to ChangedDebatedCreatedSupported2. The word ―attributes‖ in the p assage is closest in meaning toAscribesLeavesLimitsContrasts6. The word ―autonomous‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toArtisticImportantIndependentEstablishedNameless10.The word ―penchant‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to CompromiseInclinationTraditionRespectBut neither the human imitative instinct nor a penchant for fantasy by itself leads to an autonomous theater.Section 4 –句子翻译TPO 1.21. They are collecting this material at the points of origin.2. Speculation was rife (流行的、盛传的) as to whom the prince might marry.3. Concrete evidence4. The plan envisions a settlement (解决)within three years.5. Operational Research(运筹学)is a newly emerging subject.6. This festival descends from(起源于)a religious rite.7. Mr. Smith is a sophisticated world traveler.8. She has become very sophisticated since she went to live in London.9. Some of these points will have to be further elaborated as we go along.10. You should imitate her way of doing things.TPO 2.1 Desert Formationoccupyaccomplished Mission Accomplishedstabilizing 词根stable 后缀–ize 表示…‖化‖ 动词结尾formalizeTPO 1.1 vegetation Timberline那篇subsequent Sub- 在下、亚拓展词汇sequent 形容词英英拓展词汇sequence 名词形式Consequence resulte-ro-sion 英英blown blow过去分词Stony Stone / Stony surface石头表面Finer Fine 比较级Finer Particles更细小的颗粒拓展词汇Fine 英英实用词汇accumulate Accumulated depreciation【会计】累计折旧TPO 1.1 ridges 文中指沙子形成的峰ridges of sandTPO 1 retain 英英tiniest Tiny的最高级Clay an earthy material that is plastic when moist but hard when firedSoil the upper layer of earth that may be dug or plowed and in which plants growsealing Sealed封好的(可指信封、文件)penetration 英英例句拓展词汇penetrate高频词汇Runoff Run-off is rainwater that forms a stream rather than being absorbed by the ground.Pro-gressive present progressive 现在进行时A-ri-di-ty Arid干旱的-ity名词后缀TPO 1.1 semiarid高频词汇delicate 意思1 例句1 意思2 例句2 ecological拓展词汇ecologyTPO关键词Subjecting 动词形式例句拓展词汇cultivation 英英overcultivation拓展词汇Graze 重要程度一般overgrazingoverirrigation拓展词汇irrigation 重要crops 庄稼necessitates 形容词necessaryextensive拓展词汇extend 词根devoid 词根记忆英英例句voidtrample 英英TPO 2.1 Desert Formation 原文翻译Even in the areas that retain a soil cover, the reduction of vegetation typicallyresults in the loss of the soil's ability to absorb substantial quantities of water.The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particlesinto the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allowsvery little water penetration.Water absorption is greatly reduced; consequently runoff is increased,resulting in accelerated erosion rates.The gradual drying of the soil caused by its diminished ability to absorb waterresults in the further loss of vegetation, so that a cycle of progressive surfacedeterioration is established. Match 1 Graze Accomplished Stabilizing Ridges Clay SoilPenetrateMatch 2Runoff Aridity Delicate Cultivation IrrigationTrample阅读词汇原题1. The word threatened in the passage is closest in meaning to RestrictedEndangeredPreventedRejected3. The word delicate in the passage is closest in meaning to FragilePredictableComplexValuable5. The word progressively in the passage is closest in meaning to OpenlyImpressivelyObjectivelyIncreasingly7. The phrase devoid of in the passage is closest in meaning to Consisting ofHidden byExcept forLacking in句子翻译TPO 2.11. The first part of the plan has been safely accomplished.2. Subsequent events verified that his judgment was at fault.3. As their roots are strong and penetrating, they prevent erosion4. China dishes retain heat longer than metal pans.5. The hermetic(密封的)seal on the packet means that the food lasts longer.6. The name Sahara conjures up(凭幻想(或用魔法)做出) images of adesert of aridity.7. Although the co-ral(珊瑚)looks hard, it is very de-li-ca-te.8. In addition, interest on Treasury issues isn't subject to state andlocal income taxes.9. She also cultivated a small garden of her own.10. Rivers and lakes provide us with water transport and irrigation.TPO 2.2 The Origins of CetaceansCe-ta-ceans 重要程度一般,可以根据文中内容推断whalesdolphinsmammalslungsgills 鱼的呼吸器官streamlined Stream+ line拓展词汇streamabsence 名词形式拓展词汇absent 动词、形容词presence 与absence是反义词hind 单词联想Dis-gui-se 两个意思例句affinities 英英dwelling 英英TPO原文limbs 英英高频词汇marine 英英例句embedded 英英例句jawbones Jaw+ boneshallow shallow watersediments 等同depositsSahara desert高频词汇rear Rearview mirrorPro-pulsion常用undoubtedly 写作、口语实用Cetaceans Whales dolphins mammals lungs, gills,streamlined disguise dwelling limbs marine propulsion Rearview mirror阅读原文词汇题TPO2.23. The word precious in the passage is closest in meaning to ExactScarceValuableInitial6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to ExplainedVisibleIdentifiedLocated句子翻译TPO 2.21. Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record.2. Fish take in oxygen through their gills.3. The cars all have a new streamlined design.4. The horse reared up on its hind legs.5. She disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield.6. Some 3,500 new dwellings are planned for the area...7. They can see themselves going out on a limb, voting for a very controversial energy bill (关于能源的法案).8. I think he is shallow, vain(自负)and untrustworthy...9. Loose sediments may be changed into solid sedimentary rocks.10. Interest in jet propulsion was now growing at the Air Ministry (航天部).TPO 3.1 ArchitectureEnclose Practical Symbolical Architecture Aspiration Visual artThree-dimensional TextureHarmony Va-rie-ty Instinctively ShelterEnhance Delight complement Compliment Feasible ViableDoable EmploysDevised DesignBending Integral parts Enormous components Skeleton frameinterior Permanence Permanent Thickar-du-ous 发音(du发“之”)1. the vocabulary that she employs2. They devised a plan to rob a bank.3. I bent over and kissed her cheek.4. Music is an integral part of the school's curriculum.5. It was an enormous disappointment.6. He supplied house builders with modern timber frames7. The police think the videotape may hold some vital clues to the identity of the killer.8. The spoken word is immediate but lacks permanence.9. This material is very thick and this needle is not strong enough to go through it.TPO 3.1 Architecture 阅读词汇原题2.The word ―feasible‖ in the passage is closet in meaning toIn existenceWithout questionAchievableMost likely4. The word ―devised‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toCombinedCreatedIntroducedSuggested5. The word ―integral‖ is closet in meaning toEssentialVariablePracticalIndependent9. The word ―arduous‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toDifficultNecessarySkilledSharedTPO原文:―In the past, whole cities grew from the arduous task of cutting and piling stone upon.‖原文翻译练习:1. (Materials and methods of construction) are integral parts of the design ofarchitecture structures.2. Enormous changes in materials and techniques of construction within the last few generationshave made it possible to enclose space with much greater ease and speed and with aminimum of material.TPO 3.2 depletion of the Ogallala Aquifervast farmers and ranchers semiarid cattleranching aquiferinhabited settledunderlies TexasDakota amountingwells ensuing 中文同义词spraying unprecedented encountered 联想记忆pumpedconserve canal 发音(克-耐奥)tenfold promising1. The vast majority of the eggs would be cracked.2. He decided to lead a more settled life with his partner3. He went to work on a ranch.4. I think a lack of confidence underlies his manner.5. Consumer spending on sports-related items amounted to £9.75 billion.6. The ensuing argument had been bitter.7. The scheme has been hailed as an unprecedented success.8. Every day of our lives we encounter stresses of one kind or another9. the Grand Union Canal.10. the population increased tenfold11. A school has honored one of its brightest and most promising former pupils. TPO 3.2 depletion of the Ogallala Aquifer 阅读词汇原题4. The word ―ensuing‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toContinuingSurprisingInitialSubsequent难题、排除俩、选俩6. The word ―unprecedented‖ in the passage is closest in mean ing toDifficult to controlWithout any restrictionUnlike anything in the pastRapidly expanding7. The word ―virtually‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toClearlyPerhapsFrequentlyAlmost10. The word ―inevitable‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toUnfortunatePredictableUnavoidableFinalTPO 4.1 Deer Populations of the Puget Soundprevalent muleHybrid harshbrowses dormancybuilt-in urge migratehigh-elevation mouth of the Columbia River starved circumstancefluctuate bodezoologist indefinite periodrebound predatorinsured profound1. These prejudices(偏见)are particularly prevalent among people living in the North.2. A mule is a hybrid of a male donkey and a female horse.3. When animals browse, they feed on plants.4. Most birds have to fly long distances to migrate.5. A number of the prisoners we saw are starving6. I wish we could have met under happier circumstances.7. Grace had dried her eyes. That boded well.8. His shot in the 21st minute of the game rebounded from a post. (足球门柱)9. The eyes of predators are highly sensitive to the slightest movement.10. Was the vehicle insured?11. This is a book full of profound, original and challenging insights.TPO 4.1 Deer Populations of the Puget Sound 阅读词汇原题3. The word "inhibits" in the passage is closest in meaning toConsists ofCombinesRestrictsEstablishes稍有难度Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, dogwood, and almost any other shrub or herb.4. The phrase "in the same breath" in the passage is closest inmeaning toImpatientlyHumorouslyContinuouslyImmediately8. The phrase ―indefinite period‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to periodWhose end has not been determinedThat does not begin when expectedThat lasts only brieflyWhose importance remains unknown10.The word ―rebound‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toDeclineRecoveryExchangeMovementTPO 4.2 Cave Art In Europetraces carving crude cliff faces shelters Bare backdrops contemporary depict soughtchief motivation herds explicitly portrayed ceased Confined fertile1. There's been no trace of my aunt and uncle2. ...a wood carving of a human hand.3. a crudely carved wooden form4. They would have liked bare wooden floors throughout the house.5. ...a gallery of pictures depicting Nelson's most famous battles.6. rge herds of elephant and buffalo.7. At one o'clock the rain had ceased.8. ...fertile soil4.2 TPO Cave Art In Europe 阅读词汇原题1.The word ―marked‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toConsiderableSurprisingLimitedAdequate难题★★★★★3.The word ―principal‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toMajorLikelyWell protectedDistinct5.The word ―trappings‖ in the passage is closest in meaning toConditionsProblemsInfluencesDecorationsThe paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmental trappings.TPO 5.1 Minerals and Plantssoil N o’-to-rious-ly 重音在前面deficient nutrientstolerate depletionharvesting discolorationstems Phosphorusfacilitates omitmisted overabundancesodium heavy metalscadmium mercuryaluminum; copperzinc hyperaccumulatorshundredfold Tenfoldamassed herbsshrubs contaminatedabandoned mine runoffrelocated compoundsexcavation reburialremediation 例句1. The crops are suffering from deficient rain.2. They compete with beneficial vegetation for space nutrients and water.3. Using short easily recognized words facilitates navigation with minimal conscious reading.4. The windows misted blurring the stark streetlight...5. Their money increased a hundredfold.6. More than 100,000 people could fall ill after drinking contaminated water.7. Runoff is the overflow of water from the land and into a body of water. The water can overflow into a stream, a river, or even anocean. It's caused when the soil can no longer hold any more water.8. That plant has been relocated.9. Honey is basically a compound of water, two types of sugar, vitamins and enzymes.10. A contractor was hired to drain the reservoir and to excavate soil from one area for replacement with clay.11. Electrokinetic remediation is an environment-friendly and highly efficient in-situ(修复)technique.TPO 词汇原题2. The word exhibit in the passage is closest in meaning tofight offshowcausespread7. The word suspended in the passage is closest in meaning togrownprotectedspread outhung9. The word afford in the passage is closest in meaning toofferpreventincreaseremoveTPO原文翻译1. This scenario begins with the planting of hyper accumulating species2. After several years of cultivation and harvest, the site would be restored at acost much lower than the price of excavation and reburial,the standard practice for remediation of contaminated soils.TPO 5.2 The Origin of the Pacific Island PeoplePacific Speculation encountered absencelinguistic mutually exclusive devised Variously deprecated implicitlyColonize Inferred 中文Drifted anthropology archaeology Prevailing winds currents. domesticated plants marginal conditions prerequisites cultivated possessed Voyage marooned unknown waters derived undisputed1. Critics of the project speculate about how many hospitals could be built instead...2. Did you encounter anyone in the building?...3. He has devised a scheme for making money.4. Selection is normally a mutually exclusive operation.5. The prevailing wind here is from the south-west.6. domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions,7. The ability to write is a supreme test of linguistic competence.8. Farmers cultivate their farms with cows.9. They believed she was possessed by devils.10. She escaped her family and shipped on a voyage to Australia.11. Anna's strength is derived from her parents and her sisters12. the undisputed fact that he had broken the law.13. He deprecated the low quality of entrants to the profession14. What can be inferred from it?TPO 5.2 阅读词汇原题2. By stating that the theories are mutually exclusive the author means that if one of the theories is true, then all the others must be falsethe differences between the theories are unimportanttaken together, the theories cover all possibilitiesthe theories support each other3. The word overwhelming in the passage is closest in meaning to powerfulfavorablecurrentreasonable6. The word implements in the passage is closest in meaning toskillstoolsopportunitiespractices10. The word undisputed in the passage is closest in meaning to mysteriousunexpectedacknowledgedsignificant原文翻译:Speculation on the origin of these Pacific islanders began as soon as outsiders encountered them, in the absence of solid linguistic, archaeological, and biological data, many fanciful and mutually exclusive theories were devised.The basic cultural requirements for the successful colonization ofthe Pacific islands include the appropriate boat-building, sailing,and navigation skills to get to the islands in the first place,domesticated plants and gardening skills suited to often marginal conditions, and a varied inventory of fishing implements and techniques.TPO 6.1 Powering the Industrial Revolutiondramatic harnessingreign of George Ⅲdroughtexploited cylinderpiston vacuumvastly embodiedcould not be employed condenserreciprocating cutting its fuel consumptiona mil-len-nium and a half 发音Coal gasrival grew accustomedgaslit charcoalfurnaces raw materialsretained monopolymerely canalsingredients1. Turkey plans to harness the waters of the Euphrates River for big hydro-electric power projects.2. ...Queen Victoria, Britain's longest reigning monarch (君主).3. So you feel that your skills have never been fully appreciated (认可)or exploited?4. expanding steam raised a piston in a cylinder5. Coal gas rivaled smoky oil lamps and flickering candles (原文)6. Cassette recorders cannot rival the sound quality of CDs...TPO 6.1 阅读词汇原题utilizedrecognizedexaminedfully understood4. The word vastly in the passage is closet in meaning toquicklyultimatelygreatlyinitially8. The phrase grew accustomed to in the passage is closest in meaning to began to preferwanted to havebecame used toinsisted on9. The word retained in the passage is closest in meaning togainedestablishedprofited frommaintainedTPO 6.2 William Smithblacksmith Rudimentary 联想记忆surveying fossilsapprenticed roamed 例句/原文Canal excavating 发音例句/原文Sur-ve-yor 发音重音在前catalogsteam locomotive endured 例句best courses for the canals sediments TPO原文outcrop temporal sequence 联想记忆/拓展newly dug canal succession TPO原文mail coachesQuartzstratapatternemergingJurassic连线练习:Excavate seriesSuccession RegisterCatalog digTemporal time句子翻译练习:1. He had only a rudimentary knowledge of French.2. fossils over two million years old3. They're roaming around the country shooting at anything that moves...4. They are excavating a tunnel through the hill.TPO 6.2 阅读原题词汇thoroughstrictbasicoccasionalcarefullyquicklyfrequentlyobviouslyIn 1815 he published the first modern geological map ―A Map of the Strata of England and Wales with a Par t of Scotland‖, a map so meticulously researched that itcan still be used today.vanisheddevelopedvariedsurvivedpossiblyabsolutelysurprisinglynearlyTPO 7.1 The Geologic History of the MediterraneanGeologic organisms 英英中文例句geologists wiped out 英英中文例句Mediterranean Drilling 英英中文例句aboard in the course of 中文例句oceanographic Pe-cu-li-a-ri-ties 英英中文例句发音abruptly straits 英英中文例句Sediment Pre-ci-pi-ta-ted 英英中文例句seafloor Sa-li-ni-ty 中文发音basin spectacularly 英英中文例句hypothesis1. Joe's other peculiarity was that he was constantly munching(咀嚼)hard candy.2. The amoeba(变形虫)is a very simple organism.3. Many of her movies had been spectacularly successful.4. This last payment will wipe out your debt to me.5. I drilled five holes at equal distance.6. The subject cropped up(出现)in the course of conversation.7. A cool breeze(冷风)caused a precipitate drop in the temperature.8. I don't think we should make precipitate decisions...TPO 7.1 阅读词汇原题1.The word “objective”in the passage is closest in meaning to achievementrequirementpurposefeature8. T he word ―scores‖ in the passage is closest in meaning tomemberslarge numberspopulationsdifferent typesIncreasing salinity caused by the evaporation resulted in the extermination of scores of invertebrate species.11. The word ―Turbulent‖ in the p assage is closest in meaning tofreshdeepviolenttemperateTPO 7.2 Ancient Rome and Greeceterritorial Ce-ment 发音英英中文例句legions utterly 英英中文例句phenomenon obsession 英英中文例句Rural life assembled 英英中文例句infinitely undeniable 英英中文例句imitator Im-pe-ra-tive 英英中文例句mere disgust 英英中文例句s-pe-cu-la-tive predisposed 英英中文例句sensibilities derivative 英英中文例句英英中文例句1. One of the most important properties of a work team is cohesiveness.2. Mr. Kennet has a rather peculiar sense of humor...3. ...a mixture of wet sand and cement.4. The way she behaved towards him was utterly ruthless.5. I don't understand television's current obsession with cookery programmes.6. The pupils assembled in the school hall.7. He had undeniable charm.8. It is absolutely imperative that we finish by next week.9. He disgusted many with his boorish(粗鲁的)behaviour.TPO 7.2 阅读词汇原题3. The phrase ―obsession with‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to thinking aboutfixation oninterest inattitude toward6. The word ―fostered‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to acceptedcombinedintroducedencouraged难题★★★★★In turn, a deep attachment to the land, and to thestability which rural life engenders(产生),fostered the Roman virtues(美德、品质):gravitas, a sense of responsibility, peitas,a sense of devotion to family and country,and iustitia, a sense of the natural order.11. The word ―spheres‖ in the passage is closest in meaning to abilitiesareascombinationsmodelsThe Roman genius was projected intonew spheres—especially into those of law,military organization, administration, and engineering.TPO 8.1 The Rise of Teotihuacánextensive circumstantially 英英中文例句irrigation eliminated 英英中文例句millennium commodity 英英中文例句foresighted exotic 英英中文例句eruptions tourism 英英中文例句lava necessitate 老词汇obsidian coerce 英英中文例句arose elite 英英中文例句predominant 英英中文例句Prosperousflourish1. If you think you may be allergic to a food or drink, eliminate it from your diet.2. The boy showed ingenuity in making toys.3. There are some exotic words in English language.4. You can't coerce her into obedience.5. The area is heavily dependent on tourism.6. Commodity prices remain stable and there are plenty of goods on the market.7. The predominant feature of his character was pride.8. Disagreement arose about exactly how to plan the show.阅读TPO 8.1 The Rise of Teotihuacán词汇原题1. The word massive in the passage is closest in meaning to ancientcarefullyvery largecarefully protected3. The word pinpoint in the passage is closest in meaning to identify preciselymake an argument fordescribeunderstand4. The word ingenuity in the passage is closest in meaning to ambitionsincerityfaithcleverness8. The word predominant in the passage is closest in meaning to most aggressivemost productiveprincipalearliest。
最新托福阅读学科分类(完全修正版)1
READING Artisans And Industrialization Nineteenth-century Politics In The United States The Origins Of The Pacific Island People Powering The Industrial Revolution Ancien Rome And Greece Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth Pastoralism In Ancient Inner Eurasia Trade And The Ancient Middle East Europe's Early Sea Trade With Asia Industrialization In The Netherlands and Scandinavia The Roman Army's Impact on Britain Westward Migration The Origins of Agriculture Seventeenth-Century Dutch Agriculture Moving into Pueblos The Decline of Venetian Shipping Energy and the Industrial Revolution Sumer and the First Cities of the Ancient Near East Early Saharan Pastoralists The History of Waterpower The Invention of the Mechanical Clock Siam, 1815-1910 The First Civilizations Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century United States Islamic Art and the Book The Development of Steam Power Memphis: United Egypt’s First Capital Population Growt in NineteentCTS Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Biology Marine Biology Ecology Ecology Ecology Ecology Ecology Ecology
托福备考托福阅读34套TPO样题+解析+译文11--1 Ancient Egyptian Sculpture
托福考试 复习托福阅读TPO11(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:Ancient Egyptian Sculpture托福阅读原文In order to understand ancient Egyptian art, it is vital to know as much as possible of the elite Egyptians' view of the world and the functions and contexts of the art produced for them. Without this knowledge we can appreciate only the formal content of Egyptian art, and we will fail to understand why it was produced or the concepts that shaped it and caused it to adopt its distinctive forms. In fact, a lack of understanding concerning the purposes of Egyptian art has often led it to be compared unfavorably with the art of other cultures: Why did the Egyptians not develop sculpture in which the body turned and twisted through space like classical Greek statuary? Why do the artists seem to get left and right confused? And why did they not discover the geometric perspective as European artists did in the Renaissance? The answer to such questions has nothing to do with a lack of skill or imagination on the part of Egyptian artists and everything to do with the purposes for which they were producing their art.The majority of three-dimensional representations, whether standing, seated, or kneeling, exhibit what is called frontality: they face straight ahead, neither twisting nor turning. When such statues are viewed inisolation, out of their original context and without knowledge of their function, it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years. Frontality is, however, directly related to the functions of Egyptian statuary and the contexts in which the statues were set up. Statues were created not for their decorative effect but to play a primary role in the cults of the gods, the king, and the dead. They were designed to be put in places where these beings could manifest themselves in order to be the recipients of ritual actions. Thus it made sense to show the statue looking ahead at what was happening in front of it, so that the living performer of the ritual could interact with the divine or deceased recipient. Very often such statues were enclosed in rectangular shrines or wall niches whose only opening was at the front, making it natural for the statue to display frontality. Other statues were designed to be placed within an architectural setting, for instance, in front of the monumental entrance gateways to temples known as pylons, or in pillared courts, where they would be placed against or between pillars: their frontality worked perfectly within the architectural context. Statues were normally made of stone, wood, or metal. Stone statues were worked from single rectangular blocks of material and retained the compactness of the original shape. The stone between the arms and the body and between the legs in standing figures or the legs and the seat in seated ones was not normally cut away. From a practical aspect thisprotected the figures against breakage and psychologically gives the images a sense of strength and power, usually enhanced by a supporting back pillar. By contrast, wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work, and metal statues were either made by wrapping sheet metal around a wooden core or cast by the lost wax process. The arms could be held away from the body and carry separate items in their hands; there is no back pillar. The effect is altogether lighter and freer than that achieved in stone, but because both perform the same function, formal wooden and metal statues still display frontality.Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the non-elite population. The function of these is quite different. Many are made to be put in the tombs of the elite in order to serve the tomb owners in the afterlife. Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain, baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks.托福阅读试题1.The word “vital” in the passage(Paragraph 1)is closest in meaning toA.attractiveB.essentialC. usualD. practical2.Paragraph 1 suggests that one reason Egyptian art is viewed less favorably than other artists that Egyptian art lacksA.a realistic sense of human body proportionB.a focus on distinctive forms of varying sizesC. the originality of European artD.the capacity to show the human body in motion3.In paragraph 1, the author mentions all of the following as necessary in appreciating Egyptian art EXCEPT an understanding ofA. the reasons why the art was madeB.the nature of aristocratic Egyptian beliefsC. the influences of Egyptian art on later art such as classical Greek artD.how the art was used4.According to paragraph 2, why are Egyptian statues portrayed frontality?A.To create a psychological effect of distance and isolationB. To allow them to fulfill their important role in ceremonies of Egyptian lifeC.To provide a contrast to statues with a decorative functionD.To suggest the rigid, unchanging Egyptian philosophical attitudes5.The word “context”in the passage(Paragraph 2)is closest in me aning toA.connectionB. influenceC.environmentD.requirement6.The author mentions “an architectural setting” in the passage(Paragraph 2) in order toA.suggest that architecture was as important as sculpture to Egyptian artistsB.offer a further explanation for the frontal pose of Egyptian statuesC. explain how the display of statues replaced other forms of architectural decorationD. illustrate the religious function of Egyptian statues7.The word “they”in the passage(Paragraph 2)refers toA.statuesB.gatewaysC.templesD.pillared courts8.According to paragraph 3, why were certain areas of a stone statue leftuncarved?A. To prevent damage by providing physical stabilityB.To emphasize that the material was as important as the figure itselfC.To emphasize that the figure was not meant to be a real human beingD.To provide another artist with the chance to finish the carving9.The word “core” in the passage(Paragraph 3)is closest in meaning toA.materialB. layerC. centerD.frame10.According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements about wooden statues is true?A. Wooden statues were usually larger than stone statues.B.Wooden statues were made from a single piece of wood.C.Wooden statues contained pieces of metal or stone attached to the front.D.Wooden statues had a different effect on the viewer than stone statues.11.The word depicts in the passage(Paragraph 4)is closest in meaning toA. imaginesB.classifiesC.elevatesD.portrays12.According to paragraph 4, what is the difference between statues that represent the Egyptian elite and statues that represent the nonelite classes?A.Statues of the elite are included in tombs, but statues of the nonelite are not.B.Statues of the elite are in motionless poses, while statues of the nonelite are in active poses.C.Statues of the elite are shown standing, while statues of the nonelite are shown sitting or kneeling.D. Statues of the elite serve an important function, while statues of the nonelite are decorative.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? In fact, it is the action and not the figure itself that is important. Apart from statues representing deities, kings, and named members of the elite that can be called formal, there is another group of three-dimensional representations that depicts generic figures, frequently servants, from the nonelite population. ■【A】The function of these is quite different. ■【B】Many are made to be put in the tombs of the elite in order to serve the tomb owners in the afterlife. ■【C】Unlike formal statues that are limited to static poses of standing, sitting, and kneeling, these figures depict a wide range of actions, such as grinding grain,baking bread, producing pots, and making music, and they are shown in appropriate poses, bending and squatting as they carry out their tasks. ■【D】14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answers that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.The distinctive look of ancient Egyptian sculpture was determined largely by its function.A.The twisted forms of Egyptian statues indicate their importance in ritual actions.B.The reason Egyptian statues are motionless is linked to their central role in cultural rituals.C. Stone, wood, and metal statues all display the feature of frontality.D.Statues were more often designed to be viewed in isolation rather than placed within buildings.E.The contrasting poses used in statues of elite and nonelite Egyptians reveal their difference in social status.F.Although the appearances of formal and generic statues differ, they share the same function.托福阅读答案1.vital至关重要的,生死攸关的,所以B的essential正确,两者都可以替换important。
托福阅读学科分类(完全修正版)
4
TPO 07
Ancien Rome And Greece
History
5
TPO 10
Seventeenth-Century European Economic Growth
History
6
TPO 14
Pastoralism In Ancient Inner Eurasia
History
History/Geology
32
TPO 07
Argriculture, Iron, And The Bantu Peoples
Archaeology
33
TPO 08
The Rise Of Teotihuacan
Archaeology
34
TPO 12
Which Hand Did They Use ?
History
22
TPO 33
The First Civilizations
History
23
TPO 33
Railroads and Commercial Agriculture in Nineteenth-Century United States
History
24
TPO 34
Islamic Art and the Book
Archaeology
35
TPO 20
Early Settlements in the Southwest Asia
Archaeology
36
TPO 27
Crafts in the Ancient Near East
Archaeology
37
TPO 29
托福阅读学科分类表
托福阅读学科分类表托福阅读学科分类表如下:1.艺术类:TPO 03:Architecture(建筑)TPO 11:Ancient Egyptian Sculpture(古埃及雕塑)TPO 12:Transition To Sound In Film(电影中的声音转变)TPO 04:Cave Art in Europe(欧洲的洞穴艺术)2.生物学类:OG:Feeding Habits Of East African Herbvores(东非草食动物的进食习惯)TPO 05:Minerals And Plants(矿物质和植物)TPO 09:The Arrival Of Plant Life In Hawaii(植物在夏威夷的登陆)TPO 11:Orientation And Navigation(定位和导航)3.地质学类:OG:green Icebergs(绿色的冰山)TPO 15:Glacier Formation(冰川的形成)TPO 19:Discovering The Ice Ages(发现冰河时代)OG:Geology and Landscape(地质与地貌)TPO 01:Groundwater(地下水)TPO 02:Desert Formation(沙漠的形成)TPO 03:Depletion of The Ogallala Aquifer(奥加拉拉含水层的消耗)TPO 07:The Geologic History of The Mediterranean (地中海的地质历史)TPO 12:Water in The Desert(沙漠中的水)TPO 20:Fossil Preservation(化石保存)TPO 21:Geothermal Energy(地热能)TPO 24:Lake Water(湖水)TPO 27-2:The Formation of Volcanic Islands(火山岛的形成)。
12月11日托福阅读答案解析
12月11日托福阅读答案解析第一篇Glacier Effects第一段主要讲前两段主要讲冰川的形成和融化会给地球带来很多变化,包括地表的高度,地表的形态,还有沿路的树,石头等,然后说到山岳冰川对地表的影响,山岳上的冰川移动速冻很快,会使很多V型山谷蚀刻成U型山谷和冰悬谷,最后讲到大陆冰川以及冰川崩解对地球的影响,冰川崩解化为洪水注入海洋,这个过程对地表影响更大。
解析本文考察的是地质类中的冰川形成,用词也比较专业,对于不了解冰川形成以及作用的同学来说可能比较大,不过这个比较接近Glacier Formation的后续文章,如果考前练习中做过这篇,并且单词也都记背,做这篇相对来说会有一定基础。
参考文章:TPO15-3 Glacier FormationTPO 19-3 Discovering the Ica AgesIn response to = as a result ofDepositing=puttingSculpt=shapeDrastic=very significant第二篇The Sistine Ceiling第一段讲壁画的两种方法buon和secco不以及个子优缺点。
第二段讲到画家米开朗琪罗绘制大量的壁画,通常使用一种干的比较慢的颜色进行绘画,并且每天都辛勤工作,当然他也会的很快。
第三、四、五段讲那些修复工作,有一个点时说后来大家觉得这个画家本身的风格就有点压抑(somber and little appreciation in colors/materials)。
最后对壁画修复进行了讨论,文章中人们反对修复(restoration),认为修复太colorful,感到shocking,因为后来的人会加入自己的理解进行修复,而且年代感(age)本身也是一种特性,大家觉得这也很好。
本文是托福常考的艺术类文章,tpo中有很多关于洞穴艺术的文章,不过大多是关于洞穴壁画年龄的探讨,本文后半部分有别于我们期望的主题,主要是讨论对壁画的修复,文章有比较专业的词汇,句型也比较复杂,在有间内完成对这篇文章要求是很高的,建议多刷TPO中与文化艺术相关的文章。
TPO-11 Reading 3 阅读译文
Begging by Nestlings雏鸟的乞食行为damaging. A classic example is noisy begging by nestling songbirds when a parent returns to the nest with food. These loud cheeps and peeps might give the location of the nest away to a listening hawk or raccoon, resulting in the death of the defenseless nestlings. In fact, when tapes of begging tree swallows were played at an artificial swallow nest containing an egg, the egg in that “noisy” nest was taken or destroyed by predators before the egg in a nearby quiet nest in 29 of 37 trials.一些动物发出的信号可能会给他们自身带来过份的伤害,一个典型的例子就是鸣禽的雏鸟在它们的父母带着食物归巢时吵闹的乞食行为。
这些叽叽喳喳的叫声有时会让巢外的老鹰和浣熊听到并且定位,从而致使毫无抵抗能力的雏鸟丧命。
事实上,一个蛋被放在一个假的树燕巢中且附近播放着树燕乞食叫声的录音带时,这个“嘈杂”的巢中的蛋在39 次试验中有27 次早于放在安静的巢中的蛋而被食肉动物带走或毁掉。
Further evidence for the costs of begging comes from a study of differences in the begging calls of warbler species that nest on the ground versus those that nest in the relative safety of trees. The young of ground-nesting warblers produce begging cheeps of higher frequencies than do their tree-nesting relatives. These higher-frequency sounds do not travel as far, and so may better conceal the individuals producing them, who are especially vulnerable to predators in their ground nests. Davida tape recorder that played the begging calls of either tree-nesting or of ground-nesting warblers. The eggs “advertised” by the tree-nesters' begging calls were found bitten significantly more often than the eggs associated with the ground-nesters' calls.乞食行为成本更进一步的证据来自与一项关于地面筑巢的黄莺与住在相对安全的树上的黄莺对比的研究。
高二英语历史文物单选题50题
高二英语历史文物单选题50题1. The Terracotta Army, which was discovered in Xi'an, dates back to the _____ Dynasty.A. QinB. HanC. TangD. Song答案:A。
解析:秦始皇帝陵的兵马俑(The Terracotta Army)是秦朝(Qin Dynasty)的文物。
选项B汉朝(Han Dynasty)、选项C唐朝 Tang Dynasty)和选项D宋朝 Song Dynasty)都不符合兵马俑所属的朝代。
2. In the British Museum, there is a famous Rosetta Stone. It was created around _____.A. 196 BCB. 1066 ADC. 55 BCD. 1492 AD答案:A。
解析:罗塞塔石碑(Rosetta Stone)大约制作于公元前196年 196 BC)。
选项B 1066 AD是诺曼征服英格兰的年份;选项C 55 BC不符合罗塞塔石碑的制作年代;选项D 1492 AD是哥伦布发现新大陆的年份。
3. The Mona Lisa in the Louvre Museum was painted by Leonardo daVinci in the _____.A. 15th centuryB. 16th centuryC. 17th centuryD. 18th century答案:B。
解析:《蒙娜丽莎》由列奥纳多·达·芬奇于16世纪(16th century)绘制。
15世纪(15th century)时间过早;17世纪(17th century)和18世纪 18th century)不符合达·芬奇创作《蒙娜丽莎》的时间。
4. The Parthenon Marbles, now controversial and in the British Museum, were originally from the _____ civilization.A. RomanB. GreekC. EgyptianD. Babylonian答案:B。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
TPO11-1 解析Ancient Egyptian Sculpture1. The word vital(至关重要的)in the passage is closest inA. attractive 有魅力的B. essential 基本的C. usual 通常的D. practical 实际的解析:词汇题。
vital为形容词。
原句说知道这种艺术的功能和来龙去脉怎么样,下一句说没有这一知识我们只能欣赏埃及艺术的内容,没法理解它形成的原因,因此可以推断第一句表明了了解其功能和来龙去脉的重要性,选B。
A、C、D说不通。
2. Paragraph 1 suggests that one reason Egyptian art is viewed less favorably th an other art is that Egyptian art lacks第1段表明埃及艺术比其他艺术较不受喜爱的一个原因是埃及艺术缺乏A. a realistic sense of human body proportion 人体比例的实在感(倒数第2句提到埃及艺术没有发现几何透视,但没有提到它因此不受喜爱)B. a focus on distinctive forms of varying sizes 对形状各异的独特形式的关注(第2句提到其独特的形式)C. the originality of European art 欧洲艺术的独创性(倒数第2句提到埃及雕塑不同于欧洲艺术,但不同点在于几何透视而不是独创性)D. the capacity to show the human body in motion展示运动中的人体的能力解析:细节题。
以less favorable为关键词,定位出题句为第3句,即对于埃及艺术目的缺乏了解,导致它较其他艺术不受欢迎,冒号后的句号是具体说明,从没有“身体在空间转圈和扭曲”可知它们缺乏对运动中的身体的展示,选D。
3. In paragraph 1, the author mentions all of the following as necessary in app reciating Egyptian art EXCEPT an understanding of在第1段中,作者提到以下所有作为在欣赏埃及艺术方面是必须的,除了对于哪一点的理解A. the reasons why the art was made 这种艺术被创作的原因(关键词为made和reason,对应第2句的why it was produced)B.the nature of aristocratic Egyptian beliefs 埃及贵族的信仰的本质(关键词为a ristocratic Egyptian belief,对应第1句elite Egypatians’ view of world)C. the influences of Egyptian art on later art such as classical Greek art 埃及艺术对后来的艺术比如希腊古典艺术的影响(关键词为influence与Greek,对应点为第3句的后半句,埃及人not develop… like古希腊雕塑,说明两者不同,没有影响)D. how the art was used 这种艺术如何被使用(关键词为use,对应第1句的func tions)解析:排除题。
出题句为前3句,找选项与原文的对应点,一一排除。
4. According to paragraph 2, why are Egyptian statues portrayed frontalty? 根据第2段,为什么埃及雕塑描绘正面?A. To create a psychological effect of distance and isolation 为了创造疏远和孤立的心理效果B. To allow them to fulfill their important role in ceremonies of Egyptian life为了允许它们履行它们在埃及生活的仪式中的重要角色C. To provide a contrast to statues with a decorative function为了给雕塑提供一种装饰性功能的对比D. To suggest the rigid, unchanging Egyptian philosophical attitudes为了表明死板、不变的埃及哲学态度解析:细节题,以“frontality”为关键词,定位出题句为第3句,即正面描述与埃及雕塑的功能和它们所处的环境有关。
选B。
A和D在文中提过,但与原文无关,所以不选,C未提及5. The word context(环境)in the passage is closest in meaning toA. connection 关系B. influence 影响C. environment 环境D. requirement要求解析:词汇题。
Context为名词,有3个意思,环境;上下文;来龙去脉,原文说脱离它们原始的什么,人们容易因它们僵硬的态度批判它们,A、B、D都说不通,选C。
6. The author mentions an architectural setting in the passage in order to 作者在文章中提到一个建筑场景,为了A. suggest that architecture was as important as sculpture to Egyptian artists表明建筑对于埃及艺术家像雕塑一样重要B. offer 3 further explanation for the frontal pose of Egyptian statues 提供3个对于埃及雕塑的正面姿势的深入解释C. explain how the display of statues replaced other forms of architectural decor ation解释雕塑的陈列如何替代其他建筑装饰形式(只在讲陈列,没有讲如何代替)D. illustrate the religious function of Egyptian statues 阐明埃及雕塑的宗教功能(重点在讲如何通过它们与建筑很好地结合,而不是功能)解析:目的题。
出题句为倒数第1句,从“for instance”和“other statues”可知作者是在举例,所以往前看,倒数第三句说可以解释statue往前看是在看前面发生了什么,也就是对这段首句提到的frontality的一种解释。
选B。
7. The word “they” in the passage refers to文中的“它们”一词指A. statues雕塑B. gateways 通道C. temples 庙宇D. pillared courts有柱子的庭院解析:指代题。
由they后的谓语be placed可知they应指整句话开头的主语,选A。
8. According to paragraph 3, why were certain areas of a stone statue left uncarv ed? 根据第3段,石雕塑的某些地方为什么空下来不雕刻?A. To prevent damage by providing physical stability 为了通过提供物理的稳定性防止毁坏B. To emphasize that the material was as important as the figure itself为了强调材料和人物本身一样重要(没提到)C. To emphasize that the figure was not meant to be a real human being为了强调人物(雕塑)不一定是一个真的人(没提到)D. To provide another artist wit h the chance to finish the carving为了为另一个艺术家提供机会去完成雕刻(没提到)解析:细节题。
以“uncarved”为关键词,定位出题句为第3句,题目问原因,答案在下一句,即保护人像以免破裂并给人一种力量感,选A。
9. The word core(核心)in the passage is closest in meaning toA. material 物质B. layer层C. center 中心D. frame 框架解析:词汇题。
Core为名词,原句说铁的雕塑由围绕着一个木质的什么东西的铁板制造而成,显然core指在包在里面的东西,A、B、D都说不通,选C。
10. According to paragraph 3, which of the following statements about wooden st atues is true? 根据第3段,以下哪一项关于木雕塑是正确的?A. Wooden statues were usually larger than stone statues.木雕塑通常比石雕塑更大。
(最后一句提到与石雕的对比,只说更轻更自由,没说更大)B. Wooden statues were made from a single piece of wood. 木雕塑由单一的一块木头制作而成。
(第5句提到木雕由几块钉在一起的木头制成,不是单一的一块木头)C. Wooden statues contained pieces of metal or stone attached to the front. 木雕塑包含附加到前面的铁块或者石块。
(没提到)D. Wooden statues had a different effect on the viewer than stone statues. 木雕塑对于观看者由一种不同于石雕塑的效果。
解析:细节题。
以”wooden”为关键词,定位出题句为第5句到这段结束,木雕塑与铁雕塑一起讲。
最后一句说它们的效果总体比石雕更轻更自由,因此选D。
排除法,A的larger错,没有比较;木质雕塑是由多块拼接而成,所以B错;原文没说wooden有金属外壳,C错。
11. The word depicts(描述)in the passage is closest in meaning toA. imagines 想像B. classifies 分类C. elevates 上升D. portrays刻画解析:词汇题,动词。