Columbus Day
哥伦布航海日志(英文版节选)
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Monday, 6 August. The rudder of the caravel Pinta became loose, being broken or unshipped. It was believed that this happened by the contrivance of Gomez Rascon and Christopher Quintero, who were on board the caravel, because they disliked the voyage. The Admiral says he had found them in an unfavorable disposition before setting out. He was in much anxiety at not being able to afford any assistance in this case, but says that it somewhat quieted his apprehensions to know that Martin Alonzo Pinzon, Captain of the Pinta, was a man of courage and capacity. Made a progress, day and night, of twenty-nine leagues.
This document is the from the journal of Columbus in his voyage of 1492. The meaning of this voyage is highly contested. On the one hand, it is witness to the tremendous vitality and verve of late medieval and early modern Europe - which was on the verge of acquiring a world hegemony. On the other hand, the direct result of this and later voyages was the virtual extermination, by ill-treatment and disease, of the vast majority of the Native inhabitants, and the enormous growth of the transatlantic slave trade. It might not be fair to lay the blame at Columbus' feet, but since all sides treat him as a symbol, such questions cannSourcebook:
Columbus Day哥伦布日
What is Columbus Day?This day commemorates 1Italian great sailor Christopher Columbus ’landing in the New World on October 12,1492.Most nations of the Americas observe this holiday on October 12each year,but in the United States,observances 2take place on the second Monday in October.The major celebration of the day takes place in New York City,which has a huge parade 3each year.什么是哥伦布日?这一节日旨在纪念伟大的意大利水手克里斯多弗·哥伦布于1492年10月12日发现美洲新大陆。
大多数的美洲国家都在每年的10月12日庆祝这一节日，但是美国的纪念活动却在每年10月的第二个星期一举行。
每年这一天纽约市都会进行盛大的游行并举行大型的庆祝活动。
What ’s the day ’s background information?Christopher Columbus was a great explorer long,long ago.He traveled across a big ocean with three ships.These ships traveled together so that if one had trouble,the others could help.At night,Columbus used stars to find his way.In the daytime,he used a tool called a compass 4.Once,after sailing a long time,Columbus and his men thought they had landed in India.Columbus called the people he met there Indians.But he wasn ’t in India at all.He was in America.The year was 1492and the date was October 12.He landed on an island now known as San Salvador.In 1934President Roosevelt declared 5October 12as Columbus Day.It is now celebrated throughout the Americas,Central and South America,Puerto Rico and Canada.此节日有何背景知识?克里斯多弗·哥伦布是很久以前有个伟大的探险家。
（完整版）英语必修三单词表全
（完整版）英语必修三单词表全英语必修三单词表Unit 1take place 发⽣beauty 美；美⼈harvest 收获；收割celebration 庆祝；庆贺hunter 狩猎者，猎⼈starve （使）饿死；饿得要死origin 起源；由来；起因religious 宗教上的；信奉宗教的；虔诚的seasonal 季节的；季节性的ancestor 祖先；祖宗Obon （⽇本）盂兰盆节grave 坟墓；墓地incense 熏⾹；熏⾹的烟in memory of 纪念；追念Mexico 墨西哥（拉丁美洲国家）feast 节⽇；盛宴skull 头脑；头⾻bone ⾻；⾻头Halloween 万圣节前⼣；诸圣⽇前⼣belief 信任；信⼼；信仰dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰trick 诡计；恶作剧；窍门play a trick on 搞恶作剧；诈骗；开玩笑poet 诗⼈Columbus Day 哥伦布⽇arrival 到来；到达；到达者Christopher Columbus 克利斯朵夫。
哥伦布gain 获得；得到independence 独⽴；⾃主independent 独⽴的；⾃主的gather 搜集；集合；聚集agriculture 农业；农艺；农学agricultural 农业的；农艺的award 奖；奖品授予；判定produce 产品；（尤指）农产品rooster 雄禽；公鸡admire 赞美；钦佩；羡慕energetic 充满活⼒的；精⼒充沛的；积极的look forward to 期望；期待；盼望carnival 狂欢节；（四⽉斋前的）饮宴狂欢；嘉年华（会）lunar ⽉的；⽉亮的；阴历的Easter （耶稣）复活节parade 游⾏；阅兵；检阅day and night ⽇夜；昼夜；整天clothing ⾐服Christian 基督徒；信徒基督教的；信基督教的Jesus 耶稣cherry 樱桃；樱桃树blossom 花开花as though 好象have fun with 玩得开⼼custom 习惯；风俗worldwide 遍及全世界的；世界性的rosebud 玫瑰花蕾fool 愚⼈；⽩痴；受骗者；愚弄；欺骗；⼲傻事；开玩笑；傻的necessity 必要性；需要permission 许可；允许predection 预⾔；预报；预告fashion 样⼦；⽅式；时尚Trinidad 特⽴尼达岛Carla 卡拉（⼥名）Hari 哈利（男名）parking （汽车等）停放parking lot 停车场Valentine's Day 圣⽡伦廷节；情⼈节turn up 出现；到场keep one's word 守信⽤；履⾏诺⾔hold one's breath 屏息；屏⽓apologize 道歉；辩⽩drown 淹没；溺死；淹死sadness 悲哀；悲伤obvious 明显的；显⽽易见的wipe 擦；揩；擦去weave(wove woven) 编织；（使）迂回前进herd 牧群；兽群the Milky Way 银河magpie 喜鹊weep 哭泣；流泪；哭；哭泣announcer ⼴播员；告知者；报幕员set off 出发；动⾝；使爆炸remind 提醒；使想起remind..of.. 使..想起..forgive(forgave forgiven) 原谅；饶恕Unit 2diet ⽇常饮⾷spaghetti 意⼤利式细⾯条nut 坚果，果仁muscle肌⾁（⾷⽤）瘦⾁protective给予保护的，保护的bean⾖，⾖科植物pea 豌⾖cucumber黄⽠eggplant茄⼦pepper 辣椒，辣椒粉mushroom蘑菇peach桃⼦lemon柠檬balance平衡，权衡，天平balanced diet 平衡膳⾷barbecue烧烤，烤⾁mutton ⽺⾁kebab 烤腌⽺⾁串，⾁串上的⾁块roast 烤制的，考，烘，烘烤stir摇动，搅和fry油煎，油炸stir-fry⽤旺⽕炒（或煎、煸）ought 应当，应该ought to应当，应该bacon可乐饮料cola熏咸⾁，腊⾁sugary含糖的，甜的sign牌⽰，标记，符号lose weight体重减轻，减肥slim变细，减肥，苗条的，纤细的curiosity 好奇⼼hostess⼥主⼈，⼥主持⼈raw ⽣的，未加⼯的viegar醋get away with 被放过，（做坏事）不受惩罚lie 谎话，谎⾔tell a lie 说谎customer顾客，消费者discount 折扣win……back赢回，重新获得weakness缺点，虚弱，弱点strength强项，长处，⼒量consult咨询，请教，商量fibre 纤维，纤维制品digest消化，摘要，概要poisonous有毒的carrot胡萝⼘scurvy 坏⾎病rickets 佝偻病obesity过度肥胖vitamin维⽣素protein蛋⽩质earn one，s living 谋⽣debt债务，债in debt⽋债glare怒⽬⽽视，闪耀spy窥探，秘密监视，间谍，侦探spy on暗中监视，侦查limit限制，限定，界限，限度limited有限的benefit利益，好处，有益于，有助于，受益breast胸部，乳房garlic⼤蒜sigh叹息，叹⽓，叹息声combine（使）联合，（使）结合cut down削减，删节before long不久以后put on weight增加体重cooperation合作，协作ingredient（烹调⽤的）材料，原料，成分flavour（⾷物的）味道与⽓味，特性Unit 3Mark twain马克。
西方节日
ThanksgivingThanksgiving Day is a holiday celebrated primarily in the United States and Canada. Thanksgiving is celebrated each year on the second Monday of October in Canada and on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States. Thanksgiving in Canada falls on the same day as Columbus Day(哥伦布发现美洲纪念日) in the United States. Because of the longstanding['lɔŋ'stændiŋ]traditions of the holiday, the celebration often extends to the weekend that falls closest to the day it is celebrated.( 因为长期的传统的节日,庆祝活动常常延伸到周末离丰收最接近日庆祝。
)HistoryThanksgiving in North America had originated from a mix of European and Native traditions. Typically in Europe, festivals were held before and after the harvest cycles to give thanks for a good harvest, and to rejoice together after much hard work with the rest of the community. At the time, Native Americans had also celebrated the end of a harvest season. When Europeans first arrived to the Americas, they brought with them their own harvest festival traditions from Europe, celebrating their safe voyage, peace and good harvest. Though the origins of the holiday in both Canada and the United States are similar, Americans do not typically celebrate the contributions made in Newfoundland(纽芬兰), while Canadians do not celebrate the contributions made in Plymouth[普利茅斯（英国一座城市）]、Massachusetts[萨诸塞州（美国）]Food And ActivityTurkey is Thanksgiving traditions main course, usually the Turkey with all kinds of spices and the good food mixed in the stomach. And after a whole baking, the male host slices it with the knife, and the hostess willdistributed them to everyone. In addition, Thanksgiving other traditional food such as ：sweet potato、maize、 pumpkin pie、 cranberrymarmalade、 etc.After Thanksgiving dinner, people will dosome traditional game sometimes, such aspumpkin race is the game with a smallspoon and push the pumpkin run, the rules are not touch the pumpkin, first to the winner is the end line. The game is played with the smaller spoon ，the game will be more interesting. People will also take out of Turkey bosom as a wishbone, two person hold each end ， until it breaks, people who get the end of a long bones and his dream will come true.HalloweenHalloween (or Hallowe’en) is an annual holiday observed on October 31, which commonly includes activities such as trick-or-treating, attendingcostume parties, carving jack-o'-lanterns, ['dʒækəu,læntən] bonfires,apple bobbing,visiting haunted attractions, playing pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films.HistoryHistorian Nicholas['nikələs] Rogers['rɔdʒəz],exploring the origins of Halloween, notes thatwhile "some folklorists [fəuk'lɔ:rist](民俗学研者)havedetected its origins in the Roman feast of Pomona [pə'məunə][波摩娜（果树女神）], the goddess of fruits and seeds, or in the festival of the deadcalled Parentalia, it is more typically linked to the Celtic festival of Samhain, whose original spelling was Samuin (pronounced sow-an orsow-in)". The name of the festival historically kept by the Gaels and celts in the British Isles which is derived from Old Irish and means roughly"summer's end".However, according to the Oxford Dictionary ofEnglish folk lore: "Certainly Samhain was a timefor festive gatherings, and medieval[,medi'i:vəl, ,mi:-](中世纪的)Irish texts and later Irish, Welsh andScottish folklore use it as a setting forsupernatural encounters[遭遇战（encounter的复数）], butthere is no evidence that it was connected with thedead in pre-Christian times, or that paganreligious ceremonies were held."Trick-or-treating and guisingTrick-or-treating is a customary celebration for children on Halloween. Children go in costume from house to house, asking for treats such as candy or sometimes money, with the question, "Trick or treat?" The word "trick"refers to a (mostly idle)"threat" to perform mischief ['mistʃif] (n. 恶作剧) onthe homeowners or their property if no treat isgiven. In some parts of Scotland children still goguising. In this custom the child performs some sortof trick, like: sings a song or tells a ghost story,to earn their treats.Games and other activitiesThere are several games traditionally associatedwith Halloween parties. One common game is dunking or apple bobbing(咬苹果游戏), in which apples float in a tub or a large basin of water and the participants must use their teeth to remove an apple from the basin. A variant of dunking involves kneeling on a chair, holding a fork between the teeth and trying to drop the fork into an apple. Another common game involves hanging up treacle or syrup-coated (被糖覆盖的)scones by strings; these must be eaten without using hands while they remain attached to the string, an activity that inevitably leads to a very sticky (['stiki]粘的)face.Valentine's DaySaint Valentine's Day, commonly shortened to Valentine's Day, is an annual commemoration held on February 14 celebrating love and affection between intimate ['intimət](亲密的) companions. The day is named after one or more early Christian martyrs(烈士；殉道者（martyr的复数）) named Saint Valentine, and was established by Pope Gelasius I in 496 AD. It was deleted from the General Roman Calendar of saints in 1969 by Pope Paul VI. It is traditionally a day on which lovers express their love foreach other by presenting flowers, offering confectionery[kən'fekʃənəri](糕点糖果), and sending greeting cards (known as "valentines"). The day first became associated withromantic love in the circle of Geoffrey Chaucer in the HighMiddle Ages(中世纪鼎盛时代), when the tradition o f courtlylove flourished.Modern Valentine's Day symbols include the heart-shapedoutline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid. Sincethe 19th century, handwritten valentines have given way to mass-produced greeting cards.Historical factsNumerous early Christian martyrs were named Valentine. The Valentines honored on Febru ary 14 are Valentine of Rome (Valentinus presb. m. Romae) and Valentine of Terni (Vale ntinus ep. Interamnensis m. Romae). Valentine of Rome was a priest in Rome who w as martyred['ma:təd] (被迫害的)about AD 269 and was buried on the Via Flaminia(弗拉米尼亚大道). His relics are at the Church of Saint Prayed in Rome, and at Whitefriar Street Carmelite Church in Dublin(都柏林), Ireland.One Modern Times ActivityIn 1797, a British publisher issued The Young Man’s Valentine Writer, which contained scores of suggested sentimental[,senti'mentəl](感伤的)verses for the young lover unable to compose his own. Printers had already begun producing a limited number of cards with verses and sketches, called “mechanical valentines,” and a reduction in postal rates in the next century ushered in the less personal but easier practice of mailing Valentines. That, in turn, made it possible for the first time to exchange cards anonymously, which is taken as the reason for the sudden appearance of racy verse in an era otherwise prudishly Victorian[vik'tɔ:riən](维多利亚).The U.S. Greeting Card Association estimates that approximately 190 million valentines are sent eachyear in the US. Half of thosevalentines are given to familymembers other than husband or wife,usually to children. When youinclude the valentine-exchangecards made in school activities thefigure goes up to 1 billion, andteachers become the peoplereceiving the most valentines. Insome North American elementaryschools, children decorateclassrooms, exchange cards, and aregiven sweets. The greeting cards ofthese students sometimes mentionwhat they appreciate about eachother.。
哥伦布日
哥伦布日文章目录*一、哥伦布日的概述*二、哥伦布日的由来*三、哥伦布日的习俗*四、哥伦布日的各国习俗*五、哥伦布日的社会影响哥伦布日的概述1、概述哥伦布日(Columbus Day),又称哥伦比亚日,日期为10月12日或10月的第二个星期一,是一些美洲国家的节日,以纪念克里斯托弗·哥伦布在北美登陆,为美国的联邦假日。
2、别称哥伦比亚日（Columbus Day）3、节日时间10月12日或10月的第二个星期一4、流行地区哥伦布日是美洲地区的重要节日,不论北美洲、南美洲,还是加勒比海地区的国家都会在哥伦布日举行纪念活动。
如加拿大的一部分省、意大利和许多拉丁美洲国家都庆祝这一节日。
5、节日活动哥伦布日这天,美国大多数州都要举行庆祝游行、教堂礼拜和学校活动以纪念这个具有历史意义的日子。
学校于该日放假,银行和政府关闭,邮政署将不会提供邮件,但股市是开放的,大多数人都将正常工作。
这天的主要庆祝活动是举行大游行,当天也有很多意大利裔居民参加身着华丽服装到游行队伍中,引发阵阵喝彩。
除了常见的花车和游行方阵之外,还有一些美国的官员和知名人士也参与庆祝游行。
6、设立时间哥伦布日是美国于1792年首先发起纪念的。
1937年,当时的总统法兰克林·罗斯福宣布10月12日为哥伦布纪念日。
自1971年开始,此纪念日被正式定于10月的第二个星期一哥伦布日的由来意大利航海家克里斯托弗·哥伦布在1492年的探险中横渡大西洋,到达了巴哈马群岛中的圣萨尔瓦多岛,被认为是最早发现美洲大陆的西方人。
1792年,美国纽约市坦慕尼协会第一次发起举办了庆祝哥伦布发现美洲大陆300周年纪念活动。
1893年,芝加哥举办哥伦布展览会,再次举行了盛大的纪念活动。
此后,10月的第二个星期一被确定为“哥伦布日”,美国各地都会在这一天举行各种不同的庆祝活动。
而这个习俗亦开始传遍整个美洲。
哥伦布日的习俗纪念哥伦布在北美登陆,为美国的联邦假日。
高三英语国家节日单选题50题
高三英语国家节日单选题50题1.Which festival is known as the festival of lights?A.ChristmasB.DiwaliC.HalloweenD.Easter答案：B。
Diwali 被称为排灯节，也被称为灯节。
Christmas 是圣诞节，主要特色是圣诞树等。
Halloween 是万圣节，以南瓜灯等为特色。
Easter 是复活节，有彩蛋等象征。
2.Which festival is associated with giving thanks?A.Independence DayB.Thanksgiving DayC.Mother's DayD.Father's Day答案：B。
Thanksgiving Day 是感恩节，人们在这一天表达感恩和感谢。
Independence Day 是独立日。
Mother's Day 是母亲节。
Father's Day 是父亲节。
3.Which festival is celebrated on July 4th in the United States?bor DayB.Memorial DayC.Independence DayD.Veterans Day答案：C。
美国在7 月 4 日庆祝Independence Day 独立日。
Labor Day 是劳动节。
Memorial Day 是阵亡将士纪念日。
Veterans Day 是退伍军人节。
4.Which festival is known for trick-or-treating?A.ChristmasB.DiwaliC.HalloweenD.Easter答案：C。
Halloween 万圣节以trick-or-treating（ 不给糖就捣蛋）为特色。
Christmas 是圣诞节。
Diwali 是排灯节。
Easter 是复活节。
哥伦布日(一些美洲国家的节日)
哥伦布与马可波罗
相关书籍哥伦布十分崇拜曾在热那亚坐过监狱的马可·波罗，他读过《马可·波罗游记》，十分向往印度和 中国。当时，地圆说已经很盛行，哥伦布也深信不疑。他先后向葡萄牙、西班牙、英国、法国等国国王请求资助， 以实现他向西航行到达东方国家的计划，都遭拒绝。一方面，地圆说的理论尚不十分完备，许多人不相信，把哥 伦布看成江湖骗子。一次，在西班牙关于哥伦布计划的专门的审查委员会上，一位委员问哥伦布：即使地球是圆 的，向西航行可以到达东方，回到出发港，那么有一段航行必然是从地球下面向上爬坡，帆船怎么能爬上来呢？ 对此问题，滔滔不绝、口若悬河的哥伦布也只有语塞。另一方面，当时，西方国家对东方物质财富需求除传统的 丝绸、瓷器、茶叶外，最重要的是香料和黄金。其中香料是欧洲人起居生活和饮食烹调必不可少的材料，需求量 很大，而本地又不生产。当时，这些商品主要经传统的海、陆联运商路运输。经营这些商品的既得利益集团也极 力反对哥伦布开辟新航路的计划。哥伦布为实现自己的计划，到处游说了十几年。直到1492年，西班牙王后慧眼 识英雄，她说服了国王，甚至要拿出自己的私房钱资助哥伦布，使哥伦布的计划才得以实施。
克里斯托弗·哥伦布是意大利航海家，出生于热那亚。1476年移居葡萄牙。他相信地圆说，认为自欧洲大西 洋沿岸西行，可达东方。1492年10月，哥伦布率船3艘，水手87人，横渡大西洋，到达巴哈马群岛中的圣萨尔瓦 多岛，成为西方第一个发现美洲新大陆的人。1493、1498、1502年他先后三次航行到美洲大陆沿岸进行实地考察。 但他至死都误认为他所到达的美洲大陆是印度，故称当地居民为“印第安人”。
高一英语人教版必修三-全册课文原文
Unit 1 Festivals around the worldFESTIVALS AND CELEBRATIONSFestivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held everywhere since ancient times. Most ancient festivals would celebrate the end of cold weather, planting in spring and harvest in autumn. Sometimes celebrations would be held after hunters had caught animals. At that time people would starve if food was difficult to find, especially during the cold winter months. Today’s festivals have many origins, some religious, some seasonal, and some for special people or events. Festivals of the deadSome festivals are held to honour the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return either to help or to do harm. For the Japanese festival Obon, people should go to clean graves and light incense in memory of their ancestors. They also light lamps and play music because they think that will lead the ancestors back to earth. In Mexico, people celebrate the Day of the Dead in early November. On this important feast day, people eat food in the shape of skulls and cakes with “bones” on them. They offer food, flowers and gifts to the dead. The Western holiday Halloween also had its origin in old beliefs about the return of the spirits of dead people. It is now a children’s festival, when they can dress up and go to their neighbours’homes to ask for sweets. If the neighbours do not give any sweets, the children might play a trick on them.Festivals to Honour PeopleFestivals can also be held to honour famous people. The Dragon Boat Festival in China honoursthe famous ancient poet, Qu Yuan. In the USA, Columbus Day is in memory of the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the New World. India has a national festival on October 2 to honour Mohandas Gandhi, the leader who helped gain India’s independence from Britain.Harvest FestivalsHarvest and Thanksgiving festivals can be very happy events. People are grateful because their food is gathered for the winter and the agricultural work is over. In European countries, peoplewill usually decorate churches and town halls with flowers and fruit, and will get together to have meals. Some people might win awards for their farm produce, like the biggest watermelon or the most handsome rooster. China and Japan have mid-autumn festivals when people admire the moon and in China enjoy moon-cakes.Spring FestivalsThe most energetic and important festivals are the ones that look forward to the end of winter andto the coming of spring. At the Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money in red paper. There are dragon dances and carnivals, and families celebrate the Lunar New Year together. Some Western countries have very exciting carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, usually in February. These carnivals might include parades, dancing in the streets day and night, loud music and colourful clothing of al kinds. Easteris an important religious and social festival for Christians around the world. It celebrates the returnof Jesus from the dead and the coming of spring and new life. Japan’s Cherry Blossom Festival happens a little later. The country, covered with cherry tree flowers, looks as though it is covered with pink snow.People love to get together to eat, drink and have fun with each other. Festivals let us enjoy life, be proud of our customs and forget our work for a little while.A SAD LOVE STORYLI Fang was heart-broken. It was Valentine’s Day and Hu Jin had said she would meet him at the coffee shop after work. But she didn’t turn up. She could be with her friends right now laughing at him. She said she would be there at seven o’clock, and he thought she would keep her word. He had looked forward to meeting her all day, and now he was alone with his roses and chocolates,like a fool. Well, he was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. He would drown his sadness in coffee.It was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for Li Fang to leave - he wipedthe tables, then sat down and turned on the TV - just what Li Fang needed! A sad Chinese story about lost love.The granddaughter of the Goddess of Heaven visited the earth. Her name was Zhinü, the weaving girl. While she was on earth she met the herd boy Niulang and they fell in love. (“Just like me and Hu Jin,” thought Li Fang.) They got married secretly, and they were very happy. (“We could be like that,” thought Li Fang.) When the Goddess of Heaven knew that her granddaughter was married to a human, she became very angry and made the weaving girl return to Heaven. Niu Lang tried to follow her, but the river of stars, the Milky Way, stopped him. Finding that Zhinwas heart-broken, her grandmother finally decided to let the couple cross the Milky Way to meet once a year. Magpies make a bridge of their wings so the couple can cross the river to meet on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month. People in China hope that the weather will be fine on thatis weeping and the couple won’t be able to meet. day, because if it is raining, it means that ZhinüThe announcer said, “This is the story of Qiqiao Festival. When foreigners hear about the story, they call it a Chinese Valentine’s story. It’s a fine day today, so I hope you can call all meet the one you love.”As Li Fang set off for home, he thought, “I guess Hu Jin doesn’t love me. I’ll just throw these flowers and chocolates away. I don’t want them to remind me of her.” So he did.As he sadly passed the tea shop on the corner on his way home, he heard a voice calling him. There was Hu Jin waving at him and calling, “Why are you so late? I’ve been waiting for you for a long time! And I have a gift for you!”What would he do? He had thrown away her Valentine gifts! She would never forgive him. This would not be a happy Valentine’s Day! Unit 2 Healthy eatingCOME AND EAT HERE (I)Wang Peng sat in his empty restaurant feeling very frustrated. It had been a very strange morning. Usually he got up early and prepared his menu of barbecued mutton kebabs, roast pork, stir-fried vegetables and fried rice. Then by lunchtime they would all be sold. By now his restaurant oughtto be full of people. But not today! Why was that? What could have happened? He thought of his mutton, beef and bacon cooked in the hottest, finest oil. His cola was sugary and cold, and his ice cream was made of milk, cream and delicious fruit. “Nothing could be better,”he thought. Suddenly he saw his friend Li Chang hurrying by. “Hello, Lao Li,” he called. “Your usual?” But Li Chang seemed not to hear. What was the matter? Something terrible must have happened if Li Chang was not coming to eat in his restaurant as he always did.Wang Peng followed Li Chang into a new small restaurant. He saw a sign at the door.Tired of all that fat? Want to lose weight?Come inside Yong Hui’s slimming restaurant.Only slimming foods served here.Make yourself thin again!Curiosity drove Wang Peng inside. It was full of people. The hostess, a very thin lady, came forward. “Welcome,” she said. “My name is Yong Hui. I’ll help you lose weight and be fit in two weeks if you eat here every day.” Then she gave a menu to Wang Peng. There were few choices of food and drink on it: just rice, raw vegetables served in vinegar, fruit and water. Wang Peng was amazed at this and especially at the prices. It cost more than a good meal in his restaurant! He could not believe his eyes. He threw down the menu and hurried outside. On his way home he thought about his own menu. Did it make people fat? Perhaps he should go to the library and find out. He could not have Yong Hui getting away with telling people lies! He had better do some research!At the library Wang Peng was surprised to find that his restaurant served far too much fat and Yong Hui’s far too little. Even though her customers might get thin after eating Yong Hui’s food, they were not eating enough energy-giving food to keep them fit. They would become tired very quickly. Wang Peng felt more hopeful as he drove back home. Perhaps with a discount and a new sign he could win his customers back. So he wrote:Want to feel fit and energetic?Come and eat here! Discounts today!Our food gives you energy all day!The competition between the two restaurants was on!COME AND EAT HERE (II)A week later, Wang Peng’s restaurant was nearly full and he felt happier. Perhaps he would be able to earn his living after all and not have to close his restaurant. He did not look forward tobeing in debt because his restaurant was no longer popular. He smiled as he welcomed some customers warmly at the door but the smile left his face when he saw Yong Hui walking in. Shedid not look happy but glared at him. “May I ask what you were doing in my restaurant the other day? I thought you were a new customer and now I know that you only came to spy on me and my menu,” she shouted. “Please excuse me,” he calmly explained, “I wanted to know where all my customers had gone last week. I followed one of them and found them in your restaurant. I don’t want to upset you, but I found your menu so limited that I stopped worrying and started advertising the benefits of my food. Why don’t you sit down and try a meal?”Yong Hui agreed to stay and soon they were both enjoying dumplings and breast of chicken cooked with garlic. When they were served the ice cream, Yong Hui began to look ill. “I feel sick with all this fat and heavy food,”she said, “I miss my vegetables and fruit.”Wang Peng was enjoying a second plate of dumplings so he sighed. “Yes,”he added, “and I would miss my dumplings and fatty pork. Don’t you get tired quickly?”“Well, I do have to rest a lot,” admitted Yong Hui. “But don’t you think it would be better if you were a bit thinner? I’m sure you’d feel much healthier.”They began to talk about menus and balanced diets. “According to my research, neither your restaurant nor mine offers a balanced diet,” explained Wang Peng. “I don’t offer enough fibre and you don’t offer enough body-building and energy-giving food. Perhaps we ought to combine our ideas and provide a balanced menu with food full of energy and fibre.” So that is what they did. They served raw vegetables with the hamburgers and boiled the potatoes rather than fried them. They served fresh fruit with the ice cream. In this way they cut down the fat and increased thefibre in the meal. Their balanced diets became such a success that before long Wang Peng became slimmer and Yong Hui put on more weight. After some time the two found that their business cooperation had turned into a personal one. Finally they got married and live happily ever after.Unit 3 The Million Pound Bank NoteTHE MILLION POUND BANK NOTEAct I, Scene 3NARRA TOR: It is the summer of 1903. Two old and wealthy brothers, Roderick and Oliver, have made a bet. Oliver believes that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month in London. His brother Roderick doubts it. At this moment, they see a penniless young man wandering on the pavement outside their house. It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.RODERICK: Young man, would you step inside a moment, please?HENRY: Who? Me, sir?RODERICK: Yes, you.OLIVER: Through the front door on your left.HENRY: (a servant opens a door) Thanks.SERVANT: Good morning, sir. Would you please come in? Permit me to lead the way, sir. OLIVER: (Henry enters) Thank you, James. That will be all.RODERICK: How do you do, Mr …er …?HENRY: Adams. Henry Adams.OLIVER: Come and sit down, Mr Adams.HENRY: Thank you.RODERICK: Your are an American?HENRY: That’s right, from San Francisco.RODERICK: How well do you know London?HENRY: Not at all. It’s my first trip here.RODERICK: I wonder, Mr Adams, if you mind us asking a few questions?HENRY: Not at all. Go right ahead.RODERICK: May we ask what you’re doing in this country and what your plans are?HENRY: Well, I can’t say that I have any plans. I’m hoping to find work. As a matter of fact,I landed in Britain by accident.RODERICK: How is that possible?HENRY: Well, you see, back home I have my own boat. About a month ago, I was sailing out of the bay…(his eyes stare at what is left of the brothers’ dinner on the table) OLIVER: Well, go on.HENRY: Oh, yes. Well, towards nightfall I found myself carried out to sea by a strong wind.It was all my fault. I didn’t know whether I could survive until morning. The nextmorning I’d just about given myself up for lost when I was spotted by a ship. OLIVER: And it was the ship that brought you to England.HENRY: Yes. The fact is that I earned my passage by working as an unpaid hand, whichaccounts for my appearance. I went to the American embassy to seek help, but …(the brothers smile at each other)RODERICK: Well, you mustn’t worry about that. It’s an advantage.HENRY: I’m afraid I don’t quite follow you, sir.RODERICK: Tell us, Mr Adams, what sort of work did you do in America?HENRY: I worked for a mining company. Could you offer me some kind of work here? RODERICK: Patience, Mr Adams. If you don’t mind, may I ask how much money you have? HENRY: Well, to be honest, I have none.RODERICK: (happily) What luck! Brother, what luck! (claps his hands together)HENRY: Well, it may seem lucky to you but not to me! On the contrary, in fact. If this is your idea of some kind of joke, I don’t think it’s very funny. (Henry stands up toleave) Now if you’ll excuse me, I think I’ll be on my way.RODERICK: Please don’t go Mr Adams. You mustn’t think we don’t care about you. Oliver, give him the letter.OLIVER: Yes, the letter. (gets it from a desk and gives it to Henry like a gift) The letter. HENRY: (taking it carefully) For me?RODERICK: For you. (Henry starts to open it) Oh, no, you mustn’t open it. Not yet. You can’t open it until two o’clock.HENRY: Oh, this is silly.RODERICK: Not silly. There’s money in it. (calls to the servant) James?HENRY: Oh, no. I don’t want your charity. I just want an honest job.RODERICK: We know you’re hard-working. That’s why we have given you the letter. James, show Mr Adams out.OLIVER: Good luck, Mr Adams.HENRY: Well, why don’t you explain what this is all about?RODERICK: You’ll soon know. (looks at the clock) In exactly an hour and a half.SERVANT: This way, sir.RODERICK: Mr Adams, not until 2 o’clock. Promise?HENRY: Promise. goodbye.Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsHOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTHNo one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory, the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that, atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies.For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to produce carbon dioxide, nitrogen, water vapour and other gases, which were to make the earth’s atmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface.Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but, unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced a chain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop.Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface ofthe water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generally by laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery. This disappearance made possible the rise of mammals on the earth. These animals were different from all life forms in the past, because they gave birth to young baby animals and produced milk to feed them.Finally about 2.6 million years ago some small clever animals, now with hands and feet, appeared and spread all over the earth. Thus they have, in their turn, become the most important animals on the planet. But they are not looking after the earth very well. They are putting too much carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, which prevents heat from escaping from the earth into space. As a result of this, many scientists believe the earth may become too hot to live on. So whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved.A VISIT TO THE MOONLast month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship!Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three timeson our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth’s gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull,” he explained, “so we feel as if no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth’s.” I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger.When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on,” I said. “If you are right, my weight will be less than on the earth because the moon is smaller and I will be able to move more freely. I might even grow taller if I stay here long enough. I shall certainly weigh less!” I laughed and climbed down the steps from the spaceship. But when I tried to step forward. I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. “Oh dear,” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” After a while I got the hang of it and we began to enjoy ourselves.Leaving the moon’s gravity was not as painful as leaving the earth’s. But returning to the earth was very frightening. We watched, amazed as fire broke out on the outside of the spaceship as the earth’s gravity increased. Again we were pushed hard into our seats as we came back to land. “That was very exhausting but very exciting too,” I said. “Now I know much more about gravity! Do you think we could visit some stars next time?”“Of course,” he smiled, “which star would you like to go to?”Unit 5 CANADA- “THE TRUE NORTH”A TRIP ON “THE TRUE NORTH”Li Daiyu and her cousin Liu Qian were on a trip to Canada to visit their cousins in Montreal on the Atlantic coast. Rather than take the aeroplane all the way, they decided to fly to Vancouver andthen take the train from west to east across Canada. The thought that they could cross the whole continent was exciting.Their friend, Danny Lin, was waiting at the airport. He was going to take them and their baggage to catch “The True North”, the cross-Canada train. On the way to the station, he chatted about their trip. “You’re going to see some great scenery. Going eastward, you’ll pass mountains and thousands of lakes and forests, as well as wide rivers and large cities. Some people have the idea that you can cross Canada in less than five days, but they forget the fact that Canada is 5,500 kilometres from coast to coast. Here in Vancouver, you’re in Canada’s warmest part. People say it is Canada’s most popular cities to live in. Its population is increasing rapidly. The coast north of Vancouver has some of the oldest and most beautiful forests in the world. It is so wet there that the trees are extremely tall, some measuring over 90 metres.”That afternoon aboard the train, the cousins settled down in their seats. Earlier that day, when they crossed the Rocky Mountains, they managed to catch sight of some mountain goats and even a grizzly bear and an eagle. Their next stop was Calgary, which is famous for the Calgary Stampede. Cowboys from all over the world come to compete in the Stampede. Many of them have a gift for riding wild horses and can win thousands of dollars in prizes.After two days’ travel, the girls began to realize that Canada is quite empty. At school, they had learned that most Canadians live within a few hundred kilometres of the USA border, and Canada’s population is only slightly over thirty million, but now they were amazed to see such an empty country. They went through a wheat-growing province and saw farms that covered thousands of acres. After dinner, they were back in an urban area, the busy port city of ThunderBay at the top of the Great Lakes. The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes. Because of the Great Lakes, they learned, Canada has more fresh water than any other country in the world. In fact, it has one-third of the world’s total fresh water, and much of it is in the Great Lakes.That night as they slept, the train rushed across the top of Lake Superior, through the great forests and southward towards Toronto.1.爱不释手fondle admiringly.2.百闻不如一见（眼见为实）Seeing is believing.3.比上不足比下有余worse off than some, better off than many; to fall short of the best, but be better than the worst.4.笨鸟先飞 A slow sparrow should make an early start.5.不眠之夜white night6.不以物喜不以己悲not pleased by external gains, not saddened by personnal losses7.不遗余力spare no effort; go all out; do one's best8.不打不成交No discord, no concord.9.拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul10.辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new11.大事化小小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all12.大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener13.国泰民安The country flourishes and people live in peace.14.过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as falling short; too much is as bad as too little15.功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.16.好了伤疤忘了疼once on shore, one prays no more17.好事不出门恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spread far and wide.18.和气生财Harmony brings wealth.19.活到老学到老One is never too old to learn.20.既往不咎let bygones be bygones21.金无足赤人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.22.金玉满堂Treasures fill the home.23.脚踏实地be down-to-earth24.脚踩两只船sit on the fence25.君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship green26.老生常谈陈词滥调cut and dried, cliché27.礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.28.留得青山在不怕没柴烧Where there is life, there is hope.29.马到成功achieve immediate victory; win instant success30.名利双收gain in both fame and wealth31.茅塞顿开be suddenly enlightened32.没有规矩不成方圆Nothing can be accomplished without norms or standards.33.每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away.It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.34.谋事在人成事在天The planning lies with man, the outcome with Heaven. Man proposes, God disposes.35.弄巧成拙be too smart by half; Cunning outwits itself36.拿手好戏masterpiece37.赔了夫人又折兵throw good money after bad38.抛砖引玉 a modest spur to induce others to come forward with valuable contributions; throw a sprat to catch a whale39.破釜沉舟cut off all means of retreat；burn one‘s own way of retreat and be determined to fight to the end40.抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities41.巧妇难为无米之炊If you have no hand you can't make a fist. One can't make bricks without straw.42.千里之行始于足下 a thousand-li journey begins with the first step--the highest eminence is to be gained step by step43.前事不忘后事之师Past experience, if not forgotten, is a guide for the future. 44.前人栽树后人乘凉One generation plants the trees in whose shade another generation rests.One sows and another reaps.45.前怕狼后怕虎fear the wolf in front and the tiger behind hesitate in doing something46.强龙难压地头蛇Even a dragon (from the outside) finds it hard to control a snake in its old haunt - Powerful outsiders can hardly afford to neglect local bullies.47.强强联手win-win co-operation48.瑞雪兆丰年 A timely snow promises a good harvest.49.人之初性本善Man's nature at birth is good.50.人逢喜事精神爽Joy puts heart into a man.51.人海战术huge-crowd strategy52.世上无难事只要肯攀登Where there is a will, there is a way.53.世外桃源 a fictitious land of peace away from the turmoil of the world;54.死而后已until my heart stops beating55.岁岁平安Peace all year round.56.上有天堂下有苏杭Just as there is paradise in heaven, while there are Suzhou and Hangzhou on earth57.塞翁失马焉知非福Misfortune may be an actual blessing.58.三十而立 A man should be independent at the age of thirty.At thirty, a man should be able to think for himself.59.升级换代updating and upgrading (of products)60.四十不惑Life begins at forty.61.谁言寸草心报得三春晖Such kindness of warm sun, can't be repaid by grass. 62.水涨船高When the river rises, the boat floats high.63.时不我待Time and tide wait for no man.64.杀鸡用牛刀break a butterfly on the wheel65.实事求是seek truth from facts; be practical and realistic; be true to facts66.说曹操,曹操到Talk of the devil and he comes.67.实话实说speak the plain truth; call a spade a spade; tell it as it is68.实践是检验真理的唯一标准Practice is the sole criterion for testing truth.69.山不在高，有仙则名'No matter how high the mountain is, its name will spread far and wide if there is a fairy; '70.韬光养晦hide one's capacities and bide one's time71.糖衣炮弹sugar-coated bullets72.天有不测风云Anything unexpected may happen. a bolt from the blue73.团结就是力量Unity is strength.74.“跳进黄河洗不清” eve if one jumped into the Yellow River, one can not wash oneself clean--there's nothing one can do to clear one's name.75.歪风邪气unhealthy practices and evil phenomena76.物以类聚，人以群分Birds of a feather flock together.77.往事如风'The past has vanished (from memory) like wind.; What in past, is pas78.望子成龙hold high hopes for one's child79.屋漏又逢连阴雨Misfortunes never come singly. When it rains it pours.80.文韬武略military expertise; military strategy81.唯利是图draw water to one's mill82.无源之水,无本之木water without a source, and a tree without roots83.无中生有make create something out of nothing84.无风不起浪There are no waves without wind. There's no smoke without fire.85.徇私枉法bend the law for the benefit of relatives or friends86.新官上任三把火 a new broom sweeps clean87.虚心使人进步,骄傲使人落后Modesty helps one go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.88. 蓄势而发accumulate strength for a take-off89.心想事成May all your wish come true90.心照不宣have a tacit understanding; give tacit consent; tacit understanding 91.先入为主First impressions are firmly entrenched.92.先下手为强catch the ball before the bound93.像热锅上的蚂蚁like an ant on a hot pan94.现身说法warn people by taking oneself as an example95.息事宁人pour oil on troubled waters96.喜忧参半mingled hope and fear97.循序渐进step by step98.一路平安，一路顺风speed somebody on their way; speed the parting guest99.严以律己,宽以待人be strict with oneself and lenient towards others100鱼米之乡101.有情人终成眷属'Jack shall have Jill, all shall be well.'102.有钱能使鬼推磨Money makes the mare go. Money talks.103. 有识之士people of vision104.有勇无谋use brawn rather than brain105.有缘千里来相会Separated as we are thousands of miles apart, we come together as if by predestination.106.与时俱进advance with times.107.以人为本people oriented; people foremost.108.因材施教teach students according to their aptitude.。
(学生版)8.Columbus_Day
Understanding the United States Chapter Four Society and Culture Section 5 Holidays and Special Days8. Columbus DayColumbus Day, the second Monday in October, is celebrated in the United States to honor Christopher Columbus's first voyage to America in 1492.On that voyage Columbusencountered the islands that became known as the West Indies, in the Caribbean Sea.Italian-Americans first began observing Columbus Day in New York City on Oct. 12, 1866, but the first official Columbus Day was declared by Colorado Gov. Jesse F. McDonaldin 1905. In April 1934, at the request of the Knights of Columbus, Congress and President Franklin D. Roosevelt set aside Columbus Day as a federal holiday.When Columbus crossed the Atlantic, he changed the world forever. His voyage to the Americas opened an exciting period in history. Animals, plants, and new ideas were exchanged between continents.However, the land Columbus discovered never bore his name. It was named for Amerigo Vespucci; another Italian who explored the eastern coast of South America for Portugal after Columbus sailed for Spain. Vespucci proved that the land was not India, but a new continent. His claim led a German mapmaker to suggest in 1507 that the newly discovered world be called the “land of Americus, for Americus its discoverer.”Christopher ColumbusColumbus was born inGenoa, Italy in 1451 toDomenico Columbo, a woolweaver. He worked for histhe Atlantic Ocean that he would come full circle and end up in Asia without having to go south and east.The First Voyage (1492-1493)Christopher Columbus finally convinced the King and Queen of Spain to finance him three ships, Nina, Pinta and Santa Maria. He then set sail from Saltes on August 3rd, 1492 in the Santa Maria, with 50 men, and attended by the Pinta and Nina.Columbus Setting Sail in 1492Columbus says goodbye to the Spanish king and queen, Ferdinand and Isabella, who sponsored his first expedition, as he leaves on his journey to search for a quicker sea route to Asia in 1492. On this voyage Columbus encountered the islands that became known as the West Indies, in the Caribbean Sea.he named the Arawak people who greeted him “Indians”.Columbus and Native PeopleWhen Christopher Columbus arrived in the Americas in 1492, he was greeted by the native people who lived on the islands. Columbus, shown standing with his hand raised, and his crew began trading with the native people.Columbus Arrives in the Americas on October 12, 1492The Arawak people offered food, but had only a little gold. Columbus was disappointed not to find Asian treasures, but still felt sure he had reached Japan inAsia. He spent two months exploring, then headed home. One of his ships sank in a storm, but back in Spain he was hailed as a hero. The king and queen offered rich rewards and made him “Admiral of the Ocean Seas.”Three FailuresColumbus made three more voyages to America for Spain. None went well. He discovered and explored the northeastern coast of Cuba, many of the Caribbean islands, and parts of central and South America. He was a skillful sailor, but his greed and stubbornness made him a bad leader and created enemies. Columbus returned on March 15th, 1493 and received highest honors by the court.The Second Voyage (1493-1496)Columbus’s secondvoyage led to thediscovery of severalCaribbean islands.During his voyage, Columbus claimed land for Spanish settlements. He fought against Caribbean peoples who lived on the land he claimed and forced them to work as slaves.The Third Voyage (1498-1500)On the third voyage Columbus discovered the South American mainland. Although Christopher Columbus was an excellent navigator, he was a poor administrator. During the time he served as governor of the Spanish colonies he founded in the Caribbean, the colonists became so dissatisfied that they complained to the Spanish king and queen. In 1500 the monarchs sent Francisco de Bobadilla to the Caribbean to replace Columbus as governor.As soon as he arrived, Bobadilla had Columbus chained and placed on a ship for Spain. Despite offers from the crew, Columbus refused to have the chains removed until the ship arrived in Spain several weeks later.Columbus in ChainsFourth and Final Voyage (1502-1504) Restored to favor in Spain, he sailed on his last great voyage in 1502 along the South side of the Gulf of Mexico.On his fourth and final voyage, Columbus was marooned on an island for more than a11 year. He had to be rescued. He was very ill by the time he returned home to Spain.An Extraordinary ExplorerTwo years after hisfourth voyage, Columbusdied in 1506, and he stillfirmly believed that he had found a western route to Asia. He quarreled with the king and queen right up until his death. He wanted authority over Spanish colonies and a larger share of the riches that were brought back from America. It was a sad end to an extraordinary career that still shapes our lives today. When Columbus crossed the Atlantic, he changed the world forever.。
美国传统节日一览表
美国传统节日一览表1月1日新年（New Years Day）每年1月1日庆祝新的一年开始。
人们举办各种各样的新年晚会，到处可以听到"辞旧迎新"的钟声，为美国的联邦假日。
2月12日林肯纪念日（Lincolns Birthday）每年2月12日，庆祝林肯诞辰，为大多数州的节日。
2月14日圣瓦伦丁节（情人节）（St. Valentines Day）每年2月14日，是3世纪殉教的圣徒圣瓦伦丁逝世纪念日。
情人们在这一天互赠礼物，故又称"情人节"。
2月**日华盛顿诞辰日（Washingtons Birthday）每年2月的第三个星期一，庆祝华盛顿诞辰，为美国的联邦假日。
3月17日圣帕特里克节（St. Patricks Day）每年3月17日，是悼念爱尔兰的守护神圣帕特里克的节日。
4月1日愚人节（All Fools Day）每年4月1日，该节出自于庆祝"春分点" (Venal equinox)的来临，在4月1日受到恶作剧愚弄的人称为"四月愚人" (April Fools)。
4月***日复活节（Easter）（一般指春分月圆后第一个星期日）一般在每年春分后月圆第一个星期天。
该节是庆祝基督( Jesus Christ)的复活，过节人们吃复活节彩蛋( Easter Eggs)，为美国的联邦假日。
5月***日植树节（Arbor Day）（五月的第二个星期五）5月***日母亲节（Mothers Day）（五月的第二个星期日）每年5月份的第2个星期日，政府部门和各家门口悬挂国旗，表示对母亲的尊敬。
在家里，儿女们和父亲给母亲买些礼物或做些家务。
5月***日阵亡将士纪念日（Memorial Day）（五月的最后一个星期一）每年5月份的最后一个星期一，纪念为美国献身的阵亡烈士，为美国的联邦假日。
6月14日国旗日（Flag Day）每年6月14日，庆祝国旗的升起。
美国独立日、劳动节、哥伦布日
God Bless America
“While the storm clouds gather far across the sea,
当乌云孕育着风雨在大海的远处聚集，
让我们庄严地祈祷这是我们的声音。 God Bless America, 愿上帝保佑美国， Land that I love. 我无比热爱的国家。
Stand beside her, and guide her
站在她身旁带领着她，
Thru the night with a light from above.
• On Columbus Day, the most important thing is parade.As it’s a national vacation, people will take part in a lot of activities to enjoy themselves. Parade of course is a attraction for them.
Christopher Columbus:
born between October 31, 1450 and October 30, 1451 – 20 May, 1506 Agreement with the Spanish crown Found the New Land in 1492
Parade
Retail Sale Day
• To take advantage of large numbers of potential customers free to shop, Labor Day has become an important sale weekend for many retailers in the United States. Some retailers claim it is one of the largest sale dates of the year, second only to the Christmas season’s Black Friday. Ironically, because of the importance of the sale weekend, some of those who are employed in the retail sector not only work on Labor Day, but work longer hours. More Americans work in the retail industry than any other, with retail employment making up 24% of all jobs in the United States. As of 2012, only 3% of those employed in the retail sector were members of a labor union. the Declaration of Independence ：独立宣言
英语文章哥伦布日
Columbus DayThe second Monday of October is Columbus Day! This festivity is celebrated only in the United States of America. Why?During Christopher Columbus’time people thought the world was flat. Columbus was born in Genoa, a beautiful Italian city on the north-west coast.For many years he watched ships leave the port of Genoa. He noticed that these ships seemed to go under the horizon. He was convinced that the world was round, but no one believed him. He wanted to reach the East by sailing to the West. Queen Isabella and King Ferdinand of Spain believed Columbus’ theory. They gave him three ships, the Santa Maria, the Nina and the Pinta to travel and test this theory. Columbus was an expert navigator. After a long and difficult voyage, he and his men reached the North American continent on 12 October, 1492! The famous Italian explorer discovered the New World! After his great discovery a new era of exploration began and America was born.Today most American celebrate Columbus Day with colourful paradesand they elect a Columbus Day Queen. The parade is usually long with big floats dedicated to Columbus and there are other multi-cultural floats too. After the parade there is usually a dinner and dance.In San Francisco, California, there is also a re-enactment of Columbus discovery. A man dresses up as Columbus and several other men dress up as his sailors. They get into a boat and row to the beach. When they get out of their boat they kneel on the beach and thank God.Americans enjoy remembering the great navigator.。
高中历史人民版必修为哥伦布领航部优课件
一、哥伦布为什么要远洋航行至美洲？
材料一 下文摘自哥伦布《航海日志》：两位陛下（指西班牙国王和王
后）决定派我——克里斯托夫 ·哥伦布前往，由组长分别上台展 示哥伦布四次航行的经过。
如果你是哥伦布，你会如何说服西班牙国王支持你的 海上探险的呢？
尊敬的国王陛下：
我克里斯托弗·哥伦布认为我们开辟一条通往 东方的新航路是迫切而有必要的,因为……
而且现在我们也完全有能力开辟一条通往东方 的新航路，因为……
发现了许多维京人建筑的遗迹，在巴芬岛等地还发现了维京 人留下来的物品。维京人这个以海盗著称的古代民族，从北 欧到冰岛，从冰岛到了格陵兰，又从格陵兰来到了美洲大陆。 这一发现使他们比哥伦布提前500年成为这片大陆的“最早发 现者”。
恳请国王陛下恩准并给予我们大力支持。
克里斯托弗·哥伦布 1492年3月15日
你从哥伦布身上学到哪些优秀品质？ 勇于开拓、创新进取、不怕牺牲、克服困难
这些不速之客，是英雄？开拓者？文明使者？还是……
哥伦布在瓜纳阿尼岛登陆（1492年10月12日）
三、哥伦布的到达给美洲带来了什么？
在没有发现美洲大陆之前，印第安人 在美洲以渔猎为生，放牧为主，人数 当在8000万人以上。1492年，当时哥 伦布发现美洲并站稳脚跟之后，就开 始了有目的，大规模的屠杀印第安人 了，他们主要采取了三项措施。一是， 引进天花。二是，断绝食物。三是， 直接的屠杀。
影响：（1）建设性：哥伦布航行到美洲，第一次把欧 亚大陆和美洲联系在一起，使世界成为一个统一的整体 。
（2）破坏性：西方殖民者开始入侵美洲，对美洲 实行长期残酷的殖民统治和掠夺。
哥伦布日英文作文
哥伦布日英文作文英文：Columbus Day is a holiday that celebrates the arrivalof Christopher Columbus in the Americas on October 12, 1492. It is a controversial holiday, as Columbus is oftencriticized for his treatment of indigenous people and the impact of his arrival on their communities.Personally, I think it is important to acknowledge both the positive and negative aspects of Columbus' arrival. On one hand, his voyage opened up new trade routes and opportunities for exploration. On the other hand, it alsoled to the enslavement and exploitation of Native Americans.In my opinion, it is important to remember the lessonsof history and to strive for a more just and equitable society. This means acknowledging the harm that was done in the past and working to build a better future for all people.中文：哥伦布日是一个庆祝克里斯托弗·哥伦布于1492年10月12日抵达美洲的节日。
哥伦布日英文作文
哥伦布日英文作文Columbus Day is an important holiday in the United States, celebrating the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the Americas. It is a day off for many people and is often marked by parades, festivals, and other events. People take the opportunity to reflect on the historical significance of Columbus's voyage and its impact on the world.On Columbus Day, it is common to see people dressed in traditional costumes, representing the different cultures that Columbus encountered on his journey. This is a way to honor the diverse heritage of the Americas and to recognize the contributions of indigenous peoples. It is a reminder that Columbus's arrival was not only a discovery for Europeans, but also a meeting of different civilizations.The holiday also serves as a time to appreciate the spirit of exploration and adventure. Columbus's voyage was a bold and daring endeavor, and it paved the way for future explorations and discoveries. It reminds us of the humandesire to explore the unknown and to push the boundaries of what is possible. Columbus's journey serves as an inspiration for those who seek to discover new lands and ideas.Columbus Day is also a time to reflect on the complex and controversial legacy of Columbus. While his voyage brought about significant changes in world history, it also had negative consequences for indigenous peoples. It is important to acknowledge and learn from this history, and to work towards a more inclusive and equitable future. Columbus Day can be an opportunity to have conversations about the impact of colonization and to promote understanding and reconciliation.In recent years, there has been a growing movement to reevaluate Columbus Day and to recognize the history and contributions of indigenous peoples. Some cities and states have chosen to rename the holiday as Indigenous Peoples' Day, in order to shift the focus towards honoring the indigenous cultures that existed long before Columbus's arrival. This change reflects a broader effort toacknowledge and celebrate the diverse histories and cultures of the Americas.In conclusion, Columbus Day is a holiday that celebrates the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the Americas. It is a time to reflect on the historical significance of his voyage, to appreciate the spirit of exploration, and to acknowledge the complex legacy of colonization. It is also an opportunity to honor the diverse cultures and contributions of indigenous peoples. Whether it is celebrated as Columbus Day or Indigenous Peoples' Day, the holiday serves as a reminder of the ongoing journey towards understanding and inclusivity.。
columbus day
columbus dayColumbus Day: A Celebration or Controversy?IntroductionColumbus Day is a public holiday in the United States celebrated on the second Monday of October each year. It commemorates the arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492. While it has traditionally been celebrated as a day to honor Columbus and his achievements, in recent years, it has become a topic of controversy and debate. This article will explore the history and significance of Columbus Day, the reasons for its controversy, and alternative perspectives on how the holiday could be observed.Historical BackgroundChristopher Columbus was an Italian explorer who embarked on a journey across the Atlantic Ocean with the goal of finding a new route to Asia. On October 12, 1492, Columbus and his crew sighted land in what is now known as the Bahamas. This historic voyage marked the beginning of European exploration and colonization of the Americas.For many years, Columbus Day was celebrated as a way to honor Columbus and his discovery. It was first celebrated in the United States in 1792 to commemorate the 300th anniversary of his journey. In 1937, President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed Columbus Day as a national holiday, and since then, it has been observed in various ways throughout the country.Controversy and CriticismIn recent years, Columbus Day has faced growing criticism and controversy. One of the main reasons is the treatment of indigenous peoples in the wake of Columbus's arrival. Many argue that Columbus's expedition led to the colonization and exploitation of Native American lands, resulting in the displacement, enslavement, and death of millions of indigenous people. Critics argue that celebrating Columbus Day ignores this dark history and perpetuates a narrative that erases the suffering of these communities.Another criticism of Columbus Day is the concern that it promotes Eurocentric views of history and ignores the perspectives and contributions of indigenous cultures. Someargue that honoring Columbus creates a false narrative that Europeans \。
Columbus Day(哥伦布纪念日)
Today we take for granted that the world is round. In the fifteenth century, however, most people believed the world was flat. They thought that monsters or a trip over the edge of the earth waited for anybody who sailed outside the limits of known territory. People laughed at or jailed others who dared think that the world was in the shape of a globe.There were educated persons, however, who reasoned that the world must be round. An Italian named Christopher Columbus was bold enough to push this notion, and ask for money to explore the seas, and find what he thought would be the other hemisphere of the earth. Portugal, Italy and England refused to support such a venture.At that time, spice merchants were looking for an easier route to Asia. They travelled south past Africa, around the Cape of Good Hope（好望角）, and continued eastward. Christopher Columbus convinced Queen Isabella of Spain that it would be easier to sail directly west and find the rich treasures of India and Asia. A new route would be found, he said, and possible new lands for Spain.Columbus first asked Queen Isabella for help in 1486, but it was years before she agreed provided （如果）that he conquer some of the islands and mainland for Spain. Columbus would also be given the title of "Admiral of All the Ocean Seas," and receive one-tenth of the riches that came from any of his discoveries.Finally, on August 3, 1492, he and ninety men set sail on the flagship（旗舰）Santa Maria. Two other ships, the Nina and the Pinta, came with him. They sailed west. Three long months went by. His men became tired and sick, and threatened to turn the ships back. Columbus encouraged them, certain that they would find the spice trail to the East. On October 11th, ten o'clock at night, Columbus saw a light. The Pinta kept sailing, and reported that the light was, in fact, land. Thenext morning at dawn they landed.Christopher Columbus and his crew had expected to see people native to India, or be taken to see the great leader Khan（可汗）. They called the first people they saw "Indians." They had gone ashore in their best clothes, knelt and praised God for arriving safely. From the "Indians" they learned that the island was called Guanahani. Columbus christened（命名）it San Salvador（圣萨尔瓦多）and claimed it immediately for Spain. When they landed on the island that is now Cuba, they thought they were in Japan. After three subsequent voyages, Columbus was still unenlightened. He died a rich and famous man, but he never knew that he discovered lands that few people had imagined were there.Columbus had stopped at what are now the Caribbean Islands（加勒比海群岛）, either Watling Island, Grand Turk Island, or Samana Cay. In 1926, Watling Island was renamed San Salvador and acknowledged as the first land in the New World. Recently, however, some people have begun to dispute the claim. Three men from Miami, Florida have started a movement to recognize Conception Island as the one that Columbus and his men first sighted and landed on. The controversy has not yet been resolve.Few celebrations marked the discovery until hundreds of years later. The continent was not even named after Columbus, but an Italian explorer named Amerigo Vespucci. In 1792, a ceremony was held in New York honoring Columbus, and a monument was dedicated to him. Soon after that, the city of Washington was officially named the District of Columbia and became the capital of the United States. In 1892, a statue of Columbus was raised at the beginning of Columbus Avenue in New York City. At the Columbian Exposition held in Chicago that year, replicas（复制品）of Columbus's three ships were displayed.Americans might not have a Columbus Day if Christopher Columbus had not been born in Italy. Out of pride for their native son, the Italian population of New York City organised the firstcelebration of the discovery of America on October 12, 1866. The next year, more Italian organisations in other cities held banquets, parades and dances on that date. In 1869, when Italians of San Francisco celebrated October 12, they called it Columbus Day.In 1905, Colorado became the first state to observe a Columbus Day. Over the next few decades other states followed. In 1937, then President Franklin Roosevelt proclaimed every October 12 as Columbus Day. Since 1971, it has been celebrated on the second Monday in October.Although it is generally accepted that Christopher Columbus was the first European to have discovered the New World of the Americas, there is still some controversy over this claim. Some researchers and proponents of other explorers attribute the first sightings to the early Scandinavian Vikings（北欧海盗）or the voyages of Irish missionaries（传教士）which predate（早于）the Columbus visit in 1492. The controversy may never be fully resolved to everyone's satisfaction, but 1992 marked the 500th anniversary of the Columbus discovery.“成千上万人疯狂下载。
圣·尼古拉斯日是什么时候
圣·尼古拉斯日是什么时候圣·尼古拉斯日是什么时候？下面一起随店铺来看看吧。
每年的12月6日是欧洲传统的“圣·尼古拉斯日”(St.Nikolasday)。
传说每年的这一天，尼古拉斯都会给孩子们带来糖果和小礼物，而他的随从克拉普斯(Krampus)则会惩罚那些这一年中做了坏事的孩子。
圣·尼古拉斯日起源关于圣诞老人的故事，在欧洲民间流传的版本很多。
但被世界大多数的人们认可的还是来自北欧芬兰的圣·尼古拉斯的故事。
传说在公元3世纪，有一位生活在芬兰北部名叫尼古拉斯的老人，他拥有无穷无尽的财富，而又乐善好施。
他喜欢乘坐鹿拉雪橇漫游各地，遇到穷困人家，总要慷慨地伸出援助之手，帮助人家渡过难关。
老人不仅经常给穷人送金币，还乐于在圣诞夜给孩子们送糖果、玩具之类的礼物。
不过，他的礼物并不公开地送，每每在夜深人静时，把礼物从烟囱投入，这样孩子们总能在圣诞节的清早得到一个意外的惊喜。
时间一长，人们便发现这些礼物是一位慈眉善目，满脸银髯，身穿镶着白绒的红袍，头戴白边红帽，手持拐杖，乘坐雪橇的老人送的。
于是，人们便称这位名叫尼古拉斯的老人为圣诞老人。
久而久之，这个赶着驯鹿，拉着装满礼物的雪橇，挨家挨户送礼物的快乐老精灵的形象就深深地留在人们的记忆中。
圣诞老人也因此成为圣诞节最重要的象征和传统。
一些国家还将12月6日作为宗教纪念日“圣·尼古拉斯日”，给孩子和穷人们赠送礼物。
圣·尼古拉斯日相关习俗与活动圣尼古拉斯游行几个十三四岁的男孩戴着黑面具走在最前面，每走几步就抽响一下手中的鞭子。
他们扮演的角色是严厉的精灵，警告着今年不听话的孩子。
而拎着篮子的精灵任务是分发礼物和糖果，奖励孩子们这一年的表现良好。
有节奏的钟声敲得震耳欲聋，黑暗中透过那些花灯、蜡烛的光芒，看得到扮演每一个角色的孩子脸上，认真神圣的表情。
“我的儿子也在队列里，他今年的任务是托蜡烛”，T obias先生满脸都是骄傲。
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Columbus Day
introduction
Here are some picture come from the Internet .They show the heroic behavior of Columbus.
Columbus Day
October 12th
Columbus Day
introduction
Columbus Day is also called Colombia Day.It’s on October 12th ,and there will be commemoration on that day in order to celebrate the discovery of America in1492 by Columbus. Christopher Columbus was an Italian voyager .Later he immigrate into Spain.He believe in that the Earth is round and determined to find a way to east countries.So on 1492, he got the help from king of Spain and began his travel to east countries.Unfortunately,he got lost in the Atlantic. But God blessed him,by chance,he cross over the Atlantic successfully and found the Bahamas archipelago. Later Columbus travelled to America three times. But until he died,he still didn’t know he had found a new land,he thought it’s India all his life!
parade
argue My opinion
origin Section header Section header Section header
Columbus Day
introduction
origin
parade On Columbus Day,the most important thing is parade.As it’s a national vacation,people will take part in a lot of activities to enjoy themselves.Parade of course is a attraction for them. On October 11, 2010, the parade marched along the New York Manhattan fifth avenue.About 35 thousand people and over 100 vehicles joined it.The number of watchers even reach to 200 thousand.
argue My opinion
Columbus Day
introduction
origin
parade
argue My opinion
Columbus Day
introduction
But in native Indians’eyes,it’s a shameful day.As we know,the ancient Europeans came to America,they not only took new technology,but also took wars and killings. “You are celebrating our suffering!”Some Indian said. “Commemorating a slave dealer across the Atlantic is unacceptable!”
origin
parade
“Can you imagine the Jews celebrate Hitler’s Day?”
argue My opinion
Columbus Day
introduction
origin
As far as I am concerned,what we are doing now can’t change the history any more,what we can do is to repent and gain the experience from the history,and get rid of wars. Yesterday has gone and won’t come again,all the faults belong to immigrants,why we always argue about the yesterday,but forget to welcome tomorrow and enjoy today? We can’t live in the memories.Right or wrong,depend on where you see.
origin Section header Section header Section header
Columbus Day
introduction
Columbus Day first held in New York in 1792.It’s the 300th anniversary of Columbus’s arrival. Until 1893,Chicago held a exhibition about Columbus’s great behavior.It called back people’s memory of this great guy.So later,most states would have royal parades on that day. When it came to 1937,the president Franklin Roosevelt announced that October 12th is Columbus’s Day.It became a national holiday in America. In1971,the official date of Columbus Day changed into the second Monday in October,and until now,it dosen’t change any more.