2008年高考英语语法专题复习--非谓语动词课件1

（二）作表语 1.Her job is to clean the hall. 2. He appears to have caught a cold. 3.The great happiness is to prepare for the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing. （三）作宾语 1.I expect to see you tomorrow. 2.He offered to help us. 3.She wanted to buy a dictionary.
动词不定式的时态和语态
（一）不定式的时态 一般式： 1. 一般式：to do 不定式一般式所表示的动作，通常与主要谓语 所表示的动作同时发生（或几乎同时发生）， 或在它之后发生。
Who heard her sing? We invited Professor Wang to give us a talk on how to learn English.

不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关糸。因此， 不定式常和它修饰的词有动宾关糸。因此， 如果不定式是不及物的， 如果不定式是不及物的，它后面就应该有 必要的介词。 必要的介词。 1.They didn’t found a house to live in. 2.I have no pen to write with. 但是，如果不定式所修饰的名词是place place时 但是，如果不定式所修饰的名词是place时， 不定式后不用介词。 不定式后不用介词。 I have no place to live. (五）作状语 1.She went to the village to see her grandparents. 2.I often use a computer to write articles.
2.完成式：to have done 完成式： 完成式
不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所 表示的动作或状态之前。 表示的动作或状态之前。
He seemed to have known about it. Tom is said to have gone to China. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble
1.The books and magazines are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room. 2.When asked why he went there . He said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. 3.To be attacked by the enemy is not a bad things, but a good thing. 4.The novel is said to have been translated to be seven languages.
1.The boss made the workers work day and night. 2.Someone observed him go home. 3.Did you notice anyone come in? 4.It is quite amusing to look at other people play chess. 以上句子变为被动语态后，不定式符号to不能 以上句子变为被动语态后，不定式符号 不能 省。 1.The worker were made to work day and night. 2.He was observed to go home. 3.Tom was seen to enter the room.
不定式
非 谓 语 动 词
词 动词的 —ing 形式
非谓语动词的形式
动词不定式 动词不定式 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 动词的—ing 动词的 形式 一般式 完成式 过去分词 主动态 to do to be doing to have done to have been doing 主动态 doing having done done 被动态 to be done to have been done
3.进行式：to be doing 进行式： 进行式 表示当谓语动作所表示的动作发生时， 表示当谓语动作所表示的动作发生时，不定式表 示的动作正在进行。
He pretended to be listening attentively.
（二）动词不定式的语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的 承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式。
（六）动词不定式作宾语补足语
Mother told me to come back before 10:00. The doctor advised him to have a good rest. 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： 常带不定式作宾语补足语的动词有： ask,tell,invite,force,advise,get,beg,allow,hel p,want,wish,like,order,expect,prefer,encour age, hate,warn,permit,compel,oblige等。 有一些动词如： 五看二听一感觉三使役 有一些动词如：(五看二听一感觉三使役 ) see, watch, notice, observe, look at ,listen to, hear , feel, make, let, have等后作宾语补 等后作宾语补 足 语的动词不定式不带to. 语的动词不定式不带
动词不定式的一些特殊结构常作状语。 动词不定式的一些特殊结构常作状语。 1. so as /in order + 不定式 In order to get there on time, we get up earlier. She checked the names carefully so as to avoid mistakes. (In order) to catch the first bus, I have to get up early. 2. so + adj.+ as to do; such + n + as to do He was so angry as to be unable to speak. We are not such fools as to believe him.
能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多， 能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词很多， 例如: 例如 want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,ma nage,ask,offer,choose,decide,promise等等。 另外，在一些复合宾语中常用it作形式宾语， 1.I think it necessary to learn English well at present. （四）作定语 Have you got anything to say? He was the first person to think of the idea.
这一结构中， 这一结构中，主语可以是人在 也可是物。 也可是物
1.This question is difficult to answer. 2.His words is easy to understand. 3.He is easy to get on with. 4.The chair is comfortable to sit on. 5.The ice is thick enough to walk on. 7. 插入语 1.To tell you the truth, I forget all about it. 2.To be frank, I don’t agree with you.
3. too ……to do…. The maths problem is too difficult (for me) to work out. 4. enough……to do ….. He is old enough to go to school. 5. only to……(表示未曾料到的结果） 表示未曾料到的结果） 表示未曾料到的结果 They lift a rock only to drop it on their own feet. I went to see him only to find him out. 6. 形容词 ＋ to do I am glad to hear that.
疑问词 ＋ 动词不定式
疑问词 who,which,what,when,where,how,wheth er后接不定式，构成不定式短语在句中作主 后接不定式， 后接不定式 表语、宾语、宾补。 不能接不定式。 语、表语、宾语、宾补。why不能接不定式 不能接不定式 1.When to start has not been decided. 2.I don’t know which bus to take. 3.The problem is how to put the plan into practice. 4.Please tell me whether to go or stay. 5.He don’t know how to do it . 6.He don’t know what to do.
被动态 being done having been done
命题特点. 命题特点
1. 相对过去分词来讲，不定式和 相对过去分词来讲，不定式和V-ing 形式形式多 结构复杂,内涵丰富 功能较多,最能体现英语独特 样,结构复杂 内涵丰富 功能较多 最能体现英语独特 结构复杂 内涵丰富,功能较多 的形式特征,又极易给中国考生带来麻烦 因此,命题 的形式特征 又极易给中国考生带来麻烦,因此 命题 又极易给中国考生带来麻烦 因此 人热衷于使用它们作为考查工具. 人热衷于使用它们作为考查工具 2. 主要考查非谓语动词的一些最基本的用法 但是 主要考查非谓语动词的一些最基本的用法.但是 但是, 题目的设置注重情景化和结构复杂化,加大了考生对 题目的设置注重情景化和结构复杂化 加大了考生对 提干句的理解难度. 提干句的理解难度 3. 设问的角度呈现出多样化的趋势 不仅仅是非谓 设问的角度呈现出多样化的趋势,不仅仅是非谓 语间的互相干扰, 语间的互相干扰 还利用了祈使句与谓语动词开头 的句子结构上相似的特点,给考生造成了很大的麻 的句子结构上相似的特点 给考生造成了很大的麻 湖北,34) 烦.(如2006湖北 如 湖北