非谓语动词考点精华讲义
高考英语语法专题复习讲义-非谓语动词
第二章非谓语动词一、考点聚焦2、动词不定式复心中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。
不定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。
His job is to guard.(说明内容)be + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事)（2）带不定式作宾语的词语。
下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire 等。
下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。
（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。
①动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have 等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。
②常用带不定式作宾补的几种情况：主语+ ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like + sb.to do sth.③主语+ think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider / feel + sb. + to be/ to have done④主语+ call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。
①下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、cou rage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the second、the last、the only等。
高考英语：非谓语动词考点精华讲义
高考英语：非谓语动词考点精华讲义高三的一轮复习已经进行了一大半，许多同学做题依然错误百出，其中一个重要原因是不能看懂句子结构，甚至分不清谓语动词和非谓语动词。
今天分享一下我总结的非谓语动词复习讲义，希望能够帮助大家更好地掌握这一重要的语法专题。
一、分类：动词不定式、动词-ing形式、动词的过去分词总的特点：1.非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语与主句主语保持一致。
2.Doing/T o do (sth.)+单数V : 非谓语动词作主语，谓语用单数。
二、动词不定式1、特点：表将来2、形式：①基本型：to+动词原形（do）。
②被动式：to be done ③完成时:to have done ④进行时：to be doing3、句子功能：主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语（宾补）Eg: ①To catch the early train, you`ll have to get up early.(目的状语)②I rushed there in a taxi only to find the library closed.(结果状语：意外结果)。
③This is very good music to dance to.(定语)④It is necessary to learn English well.(主语，it 为形式主语)4、不定式的省略1）（为了避免重复）并列结构中第二个to：I want to get up early and read English.例外：前后表对比时，to不可省去:To be or not to be ,that is the question.It is better to lose one’s life than to lose one’s spirit.2) （为了避免重复）省去to后的不定式结构：—Would you liketo go shopping?—Yes,I`d like to.例外：to后有have/be时，保留be或have—Did you go shopping yesterday? —No, but I ought to have.5、不定式主动形式表被动意义1）主(sth)+ be + 主补/表语（表性质的adj. + to do）2) 主＋Vt + 宾语 + 宾补（adj.+ to do)3) 主 + Vt+ 宾语+定语(to do): 不定式作定语与所修饰的名词（代词）构成逻辑动宾关系，又和该句主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理(复习讲义)
专题12.非谓语动词考点梳理（复习讲义）考点清单范围知识条目非谓语动词熟练运用动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和目的状语理解动词不定式作主语和定语的用法考点一动词不定式的用法一、动词不定式的构成不定式的基本形式为:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,这里的to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是在其前面加not。
二、动词不定式的句法功能功能例句说明主语To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy forus to speak English.讲英语对我们来说不容易。
不定式作主语时,常常可用it作形式主语,而把不定式放在后面表语My work is to clean the room every day.我的工作就是每天打扫这间屋子。
多数情况下,不定式作表语表示主语的“职业、职责”等宾语I wish to speak to the manager.我想跟经理说话。
只能作某些动词的宾语,一般不作介词的宾语宾补She asked me not to speak Chinese in class.她让我在课上不要讲汉语。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to定语Have you got anything to say?你有要说的吗?不定式作定语,要放在所修饰词的后面状语I’m sorry to trouble you.(表原因)很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.(表目的)我去图书馆学英语了。
不定式作状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致1.不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末,常用结构为:It+be+adj.(+for/of sb.)+动词不定式。
如:To learn English well is useful.→It is useful to learn English well.It’s important for us to protect the environment.注意:在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。
非谓语讲义(含答案)
非谓语动词I. 非谓语动词的用法和要点：•非谓语动词的三种形式(不定式, 动名词和分词)、各种变化和否定式；•动词不定式和动名词的复合结构、疑问词加动词不定式、分词的独立结构复习要点：动词不定式( to do )：1.2.作用：1)作主语：To make him change his mind is not easy.2)作宾语：I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes.3)作宾语补足语：I asked him to repeat the question.4)作定语：He has something interesting to do5)作状语：He ran all the way in order to catch the bus.6)作表语：Her job is to teach kids.注意要点：II. 动名词：1. 形式：2作用；1)作主语：Helen's being late for school made me annoyed.2)作宾语：My sister practises playing the piano every day.3) 作定语：The sleeping car is quite comfortable.4) 作表语：His job is teaching English.注意要点：非谓语动词二III. 分词1形式：分词可分现在分词和过去分词，但按时间和语态又可分为以下五种，各表示不同的意思：2. 作用：1)作定语：The lady carrying a suitcase is Ms Wang.2)作状语；时间状语, 原因状语,条件状语,伴随状语3)作表语：The story is touching.The window is broken.4)作宾语补足语：I found a man sitting in his car.He had the car mended.注意要点：对下列句子做相应的转变：The –ing Participle as Adverbial1.Hearing the good news, we were very glad. (time )e.g. After we heard the good news, we were very glad.2.Being a child, he could not understand it.(reason)As he was a child, he…3.Not knowing that a storm was coming, I went out.(reason)As I did not know that a storm was coming, I…4.Working hard, you will succeed.(condition)If you work hard, …5.He stood there, reading the wall-newspaper. ( accompaniment)He stood there and read the wall-newspaper.--ed participlepared with John’s, your composition this time is not so good.( reason)If your composition is compared with John’s, yours this time is not so good.7.Given time, I’ll revise it and have it typed.( time, condition)If I am given time, I’ll…8.Badly polluted, the water can not be drunk.( reason)As the water is badly polluted, it can not be drunk.9.They looked at each other, troubled. ( accompaniment)They looked at each other and they are troubled.10.As he was an old friend of mine, he told me his own experience in English studies.Being an old friend of mine, …11.If you turn right at the traffic lights, you will see the tall building.Turning right at the traffic lights, you…12.A car accident happened yesterday evening and killed three people.…, killing three people.13.When I opened the door, I saw nobody in the room.Opening the door, I saw nobody….14.Since he does not know how to say it, he made a terrible mistake.Not knowing how to sa y it, he…15.The old woman sat in an easy chair. She listened to the music.…, listening to the music.16.We take off our shoes and walk quietly along the passage.Taking off our shoes, we walk quietly along the passage.17. He is busy because he is preparing a speech.He is busy preparing a speech.18. The children came into the hall. They sang and danced.…, singing and dancing.19. He held the rope with one hand and helped the child with the other.Holding the rope with one hand, he helped the child with the other.20. When water is heated, it changes into steam.Heated, water changes into steam.21. As the child was treated in time, he was saved.Treated in time, the child was saved.22. If she is given time, she will be a good singer.Given time, she will be a good singer.23. When it is compared with what it was, it has improved greatly.Compared with what it was, it has improved greatly.24. As those soldiers were badly wounded, they were taken to the field-hospital.Badly wounded, those soldiers were taken to the field hospital.25. As they were tired out by a day’s hard work, they went to bed early.Tired out by a day’s hard work, hey went to bed early.26. When the balloon was blown away by the wind, it soon disappeared.Blown away by the wind, it soon disappeared.27. They came back and they were feeling excited.They came back, feeling excited/ excited.06高考试题1．______ and happy, Tony stood up and accepted the prize. (06, 全国)A. SurprisingB. SurprisedC. Being surprisedD. To be surprising2. When ______ different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (06, 浙)A. comparedB. being comparedC. comparingD. having compared3. ______ for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (06, 福)A. BlamingB. BlamedC. To blameD. To be blamed4. There have been several new events _______ to the program for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.( 06 北)A. addB. to addC. addingD. addedKey: B C B D✧现在分词和过去分词在形式上的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做表语的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做定语的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做宾补的的区别✧现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别固定形式课后测试题1、Finding her car stolen, ____A. a policeman was asked to helpB. the area was searched thoroughlyC. it was looked for everywhereD. she hurried to a policeman for help2、Though ____ money, his parents managed to send him to university.A. lackedB. lacking ofC. lackingD. lacked in3、I really appreciate ____ to relax with you on this nice island.A. to have had timeB. having timeC. to have timeD. to having time4、Fishing is his favorite hobby, and ____.A. he’d like to collect coins as wellB. he feels like collecting coins, tooC. to collect coins is also his hobbyD. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure5、Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ____ everything.A. to tell to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词1.非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
[思维导图]2.非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次这种动词形式不能做谓语。
非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其他所有成分都可以做。
3.非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般式句子的主语。
4．（1）若提示词为动词，句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，就该填谓语动词，此时要考虑时态、语态和主谓一致，有时还需考虑虚拟语气。
（2）若提示词为动词，句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，就该填非谓语动词，就要确定是v.－ing形式，v.－ed形式，还是不定式。
一般来说，v.－ing 形式表示主动、进行；v.－ed形式表示被动、完成；不定式表示尚未发生的动作。
命题点一动词不定式不定式由“to＋动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to＋动词原形”。
不定式可以加宾语或状语构成不定式短语，它没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。
(一)不定式的用法1．作主语(1)不定式短语作主语时，往往放在谓语之后，用it作形式主语。
To see is to believe.眼见为实。
It is right to give up smoking.戒烟是正确的。
(2)在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中，若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a low-carbon life.过一种低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．作宾语(1)下列动词只能用不定式作宾语，请牢记下面的口诀：我们一致同意在校门口见面。
高中英语语法：非谓语动词 专题讲义
高中英语语法：非谓语动词专题讲义非谓语动词就是不能充当句子谓语成分的动词形式，包括动词不定式（to do）、分词（过去分词V-p.p.、现在分词V-ing）、动名词V-ing三种形式。
一、动词不定式1、基本形式：to do (有时to可以省略，称为不带to的不定式)2、特点：没有人称和数的变化，也不受谓语动词时态变化的干扰eg: I(You/He/She/We/You/They) want(wants/wanted)to buy a car.3、动词不定式可充当的句子成分作主语eg: To study hard is our duty.常使用it作为形式主语，不定式作真正主语放后面It is not easy to master a foreign language.亦可在不定式前面加上for sb.指出不定式的逻辑主语It is not easy for us to master a foreign language.但某些表示人的品行的形容词，如：kind/good/nice/right/wrong/wise/unwise/polite/impolite/rude/silly/stupid/foolish /careless/clever/thoughtful等作表语时改用of sb.It is kind of you to help me with my study.●作宾语eg: I want to borrow your dictionary.能直接跟不定式作宾语的动词有want/like/hope/wish/prefer/hate/decide/expect/desire/try/manage/ start/begin/remember/forget/ask/offer/continue/agree/choose/pro-mise/mean/pretend等常使用it作为形式宾语，不定式作真正主语放后面I find it interesting to study English.●作表语也就是放在连系动词（主要有be动词am/ is/ are、感官动词look/ hear/ smell/ taste/ feel、表示保持和变化的动词stay/ keep/ remain/ become/ turn/ grow/ get以及seem等）的后面。
高考英语 第八章 非谓语动词知识精讲
非谓语动词[知识精讲]非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的一个重点和难点之一。
主要的考察形式为单项选择，在历年各地高考题目中广泛出现。
高中阶段，我们学习的非谓语动词内容包括不定式、动名词和分词的用法以及非谓语动词的复合结构用法。
一、概念和基本知识：什么是非谓语动词？首先，我们要了解英语中基本的句子结构：主语→ 谓语→宾语（＋补语）↑ ↑ ↑定语状语定语我们知道主语和宾语分别是一个动作的发出者和接受者，他们具有名词的性质（即使主语或宾语是一个短语或者从句，也可以把它整体看作一个名词。
这种思维方法很重要，相当于数学当中的整体思想）。
谓语表示一个动作或一种存在的状态，具有一般的动词的性质。
定语是对主语和宾语起修饰、限定作用的成分，往往具有形容词的性质。
状语是对谓语动词在时间、地点、方式、目的、程度等方面进行修饰的成分，一般具有副词的性质。
由上我们可以知道，一般来说，动词都是放在谓语的位置上的，但是在具体的语境之中，为了使意思表达连贯完整，我们往往要借用动词来充当句子当中的其它成分。
这个时候，我们的动词就不能够再以动词本身的面貌出现在句子中，而是通过变化变成了不定式、动名词和分词等等形式。
有了恰当的形式，这些动词就可以在句子当中充当除了谓语以外的其它成分。
这就是我们所说的非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的基本性质非谓语动词既然不出现在谓语的位置，那么他们在句子中也就不具有动词的性质，而是具有诸如名词、形容词和副词等等的词性。
一个完整的简单句子里面，只能有一套主谓宾的结构。
也就是说，如果一个句子里面已经有了一个谓语动词，就不可能再有另外的谓语动词出现了。
（以上不包括用but、and连接和从句的情况。
）注意：不定式和分词一般是与其它词连接形成短语之后才具有了形容词、副词的性质。
我们平常说的“××短语作定语”、“××短语作状语”指的就是这种情况。
例如：To marry her，he has to earn a lot of money.中“To marry her”这个短语作为一个整体来作目的状语。
非谓语动词讲解(超全
非谓语动词讲解(超全非谓语动词是指动词的非谓语形式，包括动词不定式、动名词和现在分词。
与主谓结构不同，非谓语动词可在句子中作状语、定语或表语。
在英语中，非谓语动词的形式是相对固定的，但在不同的语法环境中所表示的意义和用法有所差异。
1. 动词不定式（to-infinitive）动词不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如：- 宾语：I want to go to the zoo.（我想去动物园。
）- 主语：To speak English fluently is important for your career.（流利地说英语对你的事业很重要。
）- 状语：He went to the store to buy some groceries.（他去商店买了些杂货。
）- 定语：She needs a pen to write her essay.（她需要一支笔来写作文。
）2. 动名词（gerund）动名词是将动词加上-ing构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如：- 宾语：I enjoy reading books in my spare time.（我闲暇时喜欢读书。
）- 主语：Swimming is good exercise.（游泳是很好的锻炼。
）- 状语：She left the party early, feeling tired.（她因为感觉累了，所以提前离开了聚会。
）- 定语：The crying baby woke up the whole neighborhood.（哭闹的婴儿把整个邻居都吵醒了。
）3. 现在分词（present participle）现在分词由动词原形加上-ing构成，常常用作动词的宾语、主语、状语或定语。
例如：- 宾语：He enjoys playing soccer on weekends.（他喜欢周末踢足球。
）- 主语：Listening to music helps me relax.（听音乐帮助我放松。
非谓语动词讲解史上最全
非谓语动词讲解史上最全非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊动词形式，它们在句子中通常不具备时态和人称的变化。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
一、不定式（Infinitive）不定式由to加动词原形构成，具有动词和名词的双重特征。
不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
1. 作主语：To learn a foreign language is beneficial to your career.学习一门外语对你的事业有益。
2. 作宾语：I want to visit my grandparents this weekend.我想这周末去看望我的祖父母。
3. 作表语：His dream is to become a famous writer.他的梦想是成为一名著名的作家。
4. 作定语：She has many books to read.她有很多书要读。
5. 作状语：He came to help us.他来帮助我们。
二、动名词（Gerund）动名词由动词原形加-ing构成，具有动词和名词的双重特征。
动名词在句子中可以充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等成分。
1. 作主语：Swimming is my favorite sport.游泳是我最喜欢的运动。
2. 作宾语：I enjoy reading novels in my free time.我喜欢在空闲时间读小说。
3. 作表语：Her hobby is singing.她的爱好是唱歌。
4. 作定语：The running water is clear.流动的水很清澈。
5. 作状语：She went shopping after finishing her homework.她在完成作业后去购物。
三、现在分词（Present Participle）现在分词由动词原形加-ing构成，具有动词和形容词的双重特征。
现在分词在句子中可以充当定语、表语、状语等成分。
非谓语动词复习讲义.doc
第一讲非谓语动词之一；动词不定式一.知识学习1.动词不定式的形式（以动词do为例）一般式：to do —般式的被动式：to be done 一般式的进行式:to be doing完成式：to have done 完成式的被动式：to have been done完成式的进行式：to have been doing2.动词不定式的含义：1）一般式：所表示的动作，有时与谓语动词的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。
He seems to know this.与谓语动词seem的动作同时发生I hope to see you again. = I hope that Fll see you again.发生在谓语动词hope 的动作之后。
2）一般式的进行式：表示不定式的动作正在进行，与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
He seems to be eating something.3）一般式的被动式：表式不定式的动作是被动的动作The emperor ordered the cloth to be woven at once.皇帝命令那布应该马上让人织;Il来。
4）完成式：表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
I'm sorry to have given you so much trouble.I am sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.He seems to have caught a cold.5）完成进行时：表式不定式的动作从过去到现在一直在持续She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.3.动词不定式在句中的功能。
1）作主语To see is to believe.To finish the job as soon as possible is very necessary.注意：不定式作主语时可以用it作形式主语来替代；还可以加上for sb.来表示不定式动作的发出者. To finish the job as soon as possible is very necessary.=It is very necessary （for us ）to finish the job as soon as possible.It's very kind of you to help me with the heavy box.在以下形容词出现时可以用it作形式主语来替代不定式作主语。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词◆定义：非谓语动词，又叫非限定动词，非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括动词不定式（to do)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)、动名词(doing)，即动词的非谓语形式。
非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
◆不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
（1）.动词不定式可担任主语，宾语，表语，宾补，定语，状语等。
（2.）动名词可担任主语，表语，宾语，定语等。
（3）.现在分词和过去分词可担任定语，表语，宾补，状语等。
◆非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有谓语动词2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，判断非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.1. ___ anything about the accident, he went to work as usual.A. Don‟t knowB. not to knowC. not knowingD. not to be knowing2. The next morning she found the man __in bed, dead.A. lyingB. lieC. layying3. He had his leg __in the match yesterday.A. to breakB. brokenC. breakD. breaking4. Most of the people __ to the party were famous scientists.A. invitedB. to inviteC. being invitedD. inviting5. Do you know the boy ___under the tree?yB. lainC. layingD. lying6. ---Good morning. Can I help you?-----I …d like to have this package ___A. be weighedB. to be weighedC. to weighD. weighed7._____more attention, the trees could have grown better.A.GivenB.To giveC.GivingD. Having given8. The murderer was brought in, with his hand ___behind his back.A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied9. The secretary worked late into the night ,___a long speech for the president.A. to prepareB. preparingC. preparedD. was preparing10. S he‟s upstairs ____ a letter.A. writesB. is writingC. writeD. writing11. It was so cold that they kept the fire ___all night.A. to burnB. burnC. burningD. burned12. The speaker raised his voice but still couldn‟t make himself ___A. hearB. to hearC. hearingD. heard13. _______ a reply, he decided to write again.A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received14. The salesman scolded the girl caught ___ and let her off.A. to have stolenB. to be stealingC. to stealD. stealing15. “C an‟t you read ?” she said ____to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing16. The missing boys were seen ____near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC.playD. to play运用非谓语进行翻译1. 增加农民的收入是我们现在面临的主要问题之一。
非谓语动词讲解全讲解
非谓语动词讲解全讲解非谓语动词是指不具备主谓关系的动词形式，它不受主语限制，可以独立存在，并且在句子中起到修饰、补充、缩略或做其他动词的功能。
非谓语动词主要有不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
一、不定式（Infinitive）1. 不定式作主语例句：To learn a foreign language is challenging but rewarding.学一门外语既具有挑战性又有回报。
2. 不定式作宾语a）及物动词后的不定式作宾语，通常前有动词to。
例句：She wants to visit her parents this weekend.她希望这个周末去看望她的父母。
b）某些及物动词和短语动词后的不定式省去to。
例句：They made him clean up the mess.他们让他整理这个烂摊子。
3. 不定式作状语a）表示目的、原因或结果。
例句：She studies hard to pass the exam.她努力学习为了通过考试。
b）表示时间或条件。
例句：I woke up early to catch the first train.我早起为了赶上第一班火车。
二、动名词（Gerund）1. 动名词作主语例句：Swimming is good exercise.游泳是很好的锻炼。
2. 动名词作宾语a）动名词作宾语，通常前面有动词stop、enjoy、dislike、suggest等。
例句：I enjoy reading books in my spare time.我喜欢在闲暇时间读书。
b）动名词作宾语，有时可以用不定式作宾语来替代，意思有所差别。
例句：I like swimming.（动名词作宾语，表示一种习惯或爱好）I like to swim.（不定式作宾语，表示一次性的行为）3. 动名词作定语例句：Do you have any interesting stories to share?你有什么有趣的故事可以分享吗？三、分词（Participle）1. 现在分词（-ing形式）作定语例句：The running dog caught my attention.奔跑的狗引起了我的注意。
(完整版)非谓语动词语法讲解
非谓语动词语法讲解一、非谓语动词的概念动词的基本用法是作谓语。
当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do 2、动词的ing : doing 3、动词的过去分词：done二、三种形式的含义（基本用法）不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。
三、非谓语动词的时态和语态一般式完成式进行式不定式主动to do to have done to be doing被动to be done to have beendoneing 形式主动doing having done 被动being done having beendone过去分词被动done四、非谓语动词的否定形式在非谓语动词前加not, never. 即 not / never to do, not / never doing五、非谓语动词的复合结构不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.动词 ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing)六、非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。
方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。
方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。
3、判断主被动关系。
方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。
4、判断时间关系。
方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。
之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.学习非谓语形式时，建议把三种形式一起来比较学习，会更加有效一些。
七、非谓语动词作主语和表语的比较1、不定式和动名词作主语和表语a. 不定式表示一次性的、具体的动词。
动词ing 常表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的动作。
如：________ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walkB. WalkingC. To walkD. Walk(分析) a good form 暗示泛指一般的行为，用动名词作主语，选 Bb. 不定式作主语时，常用it 作形式主语，即用句型：It is + adj. / n. + (for / of sb. ) to do sth.It’s important for us to learn English well.It’s kind of you to help us.注意：下面几个句型是用动名词：It’s no good / use doing sth.It’s usel ess doing sth.There is no need to do sth.2、不定式、动名词、分词作表语的比较1、不定式、动名词作表语，.表示主语的内容。
非谓语动词讲义
非谓语动词一．非谓语动词：动词的某种特殊形式，在句子中做除谓语外的其他成分。
分类：动词不定式，动名词，现在分词，过去分词。
二．动词不定式：构成：to do。
否定形式：not to do .发生。
eg: I plan to live a busy life in high school.She seems to be unhappy.The computer needs to be repaired.完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。
eg: I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.The house seems to have been broken into.进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。
eg: She pretended to be reading when her mother came in.He happened to be searching my bag when I came in.2.句法功能：(1)做主语：To see is to believe. 眼见为实/百闻不如一见。
It is adj for/of sb to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事是It is impossible for me to live alone in Beijing.It is not easy to find your way around the town.(2)做宾语：afford, agree, aim, bear, begin, bother, care, choose, continue, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, forget, hate, help, hope, intend, learn, manage, mean, need, offer, plan, pretend, refuse, remember, want, wish, promise, happeneg: She has determined to be a leader.注: 如果不定式做宾语，且后面有宾补时，把不定式后置，用it来做形式宾语。
专题11 非谓语动词
专题十一非谓语动词精讲必备考点考点一动词不定式作主语考点二动词不定式作宾语考点三动词不定式作宾语补足语考点四动词不定式的特殊句型考点五动词不定式作状语考点六疑问词+ 动词不定式考点七动名词与动词不定式考点八现在分词与过去分词我们把在句子当中起名词、形容词或副词作用，充当谓语之外的其他句子成分的动词称为非谓语动词。
非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式、分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词。
考点一动词不定式作主语动词不定式是一种非限定动词，而非限定动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当谓语的动词。
动词不定式分为带to的不定式（to + 动词原形）和不带to的不定式。
动词不定式不能单独用作谓语动词，不受主语的人称和数的限制，但保留动词的性质。
1. 动词不定式作主语时，其谓语动词常用单数。
To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 说是一回事，做是另一回事。
2.动词不定式在句子中作主语时通常放在句末，而用it作形式主语，其结构为：It + be + adj. (+ for / of sb.) + 动词不定式。
It’s so nice to hear your voice. 听到你的声音真高兴。
It is not difficult to work out the problem. 做出这道题并不难。
【典例精析】It takes me half an hour __________ the piano every day.A. playB. playingC. to play花费某人多长时间。
答案：C。
考点二动词不定式作宾语1.一些动词后可跟动词不定式作宾语。
这类动词主要有：want，wish，like，decide，help，try，begin，forget，learn，ask，agree，hope，promise等。
2.find，think，make，believe等动词后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语而把真正的宾语动词不定式短语放在句末。
非谓语动词语法讲义版
非谓语动词一、什么？非谓语就是指不可以做谓语的动词。
非谓语动词包含不定式，动名词，此刻分词和过去分词。
基本组成：to+ 动词原形动词不定式的一些形式变化（以用法：A.做主语do否认：为例）not/never+一、不定式：不定式1.放句首To see is to believe.目睹为实没有准时到哪里是我的错2.为使句子保持均衡，常用 it 做形式主语，将 to do 放在位于以后 B. 做宾语1.跟在动词后边：wish （希望） hope （希望） plan （计划） expect （期望）等2.跟在形容词后边：able, afraid, angry, anxious, careful, clever, content, cruel, determined, disappointed, eager等。
C.做宾补不定式能够在“主语+ 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”句型中充任宾语补足语。
在这一句型中，宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语。
形式：1.谓语动词+sb/sth to do sthadvise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force等。
我们决不一样意这样的事情再发生。
2. 省略 to一、 feel, see, watch,observe, hear, notice我昨天听到他们在唱歌。
I heard them sing yesterday.二、 make, let, have他希望做什么就让他做好了。
D.做状语不定式作状语能够表示行为的目的、结果、原由、条件等。
1表示目的我省钱为了买一台电脑。
I ’ m savingmoney to buy a computer.2表示结果My grandmother lived to see the liberation of China.(Only to do sth)表示预料之外He got to the station only to find the train had gone.3表示原由4表示条件5:表程度E.做表语他的梦想是做一个老师。
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非谓语动词难点解析分词选用并不难弄清逻辑是关键分词的基本用法简单概括为:现在分词表示"主动、进行";过去分词表示"被动、完成"。
如果分词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,选用表示主动意义的现在分词;若分词与其逻辑主语之间是动宾关系,则选用表示被动意义的过去分词。
下面根据分词在句中的作用分别加以说明。
一、分词作定语分词作定语时,其逻辑主语就是所修饰的词。
选用现在分词还是过去分词就看其与逻辑主语的关系。
如果分词与其逻辑主语是意义上的主谓关系,则选用现在分词;如果是动宾关系,则选用过去分词。
例如:The man standing by the window is our English teacher. 站在窗边的那个人是我们的英语老师。
(the man与stand构成逻辑上的主谓关系)An island is a small piece of land surrounded by water.岛屿就是一小片被水围绕的陆地。
(surround与land构成逻辑上的动宾关系)注意:现在分词一般式的被动式(being done)与过去分词(done)都表示被动意义,但意思不同。
being done表示正在进行的被动动作;done表示动作已经结束。
[真题回放]1. The picture ________ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung2. Don't use words, expressions, or phrases ________ only to people w ith specific knowledge.A. being knownB. having been knownC. to be knownD. known二、分词作状语分词作状语时,其逻辑主语是句子中的主语。
如果分词与其逻辑主语之间是主谓关系,选择表示主动意义的现在分词;如果是动宾关系,则选择过去分词。
例如: Seen from the Moon, our Earth, with water covering 70% of its surface , appears to be a blue ball.从月球上看,被水覆盖了70%表面的我们的地球就像是一个蓝色的球体。
(see与其逻辑主语the earth在逻辑上是被动关系,所以使用过去分词形式)Seeing nobody at home, I decided to come again.看到没人在家,我决定再来一趟。
(逻辑主语I与see在逻辑上是主谓关系)[真题回放]3. ________ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to c lean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered4. The research is so designed that once ________ nothing can be done to change it.A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun三、分词作补足语分词作主语补足语或宾语补足语时,其逻辑主语是前面的主语或宾语。
若分词是主语或宾语发出的动作,用现在分词;若分词是主语或宾语的被动动作,用过去分词。
[真题回放]5. A cook will be immediately fired if he is found ________ in the ki tchen.A. smokeB. smokingC. to smokeD. smoked6. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ______ __ the next year.A. carry outB. carrying outC. carried outD. to carry out四、分词作表语分词作表语时,看分词与主语的关系。
若是主谓关系,用现在分词;若是动宾关系,用过去分词。
另外,要注意amuse, bore, disappoint, excite, fascinate, freeze, frighten, horrify , inspire, interest, move, surprise, touch等的用法。
其同根形容词有现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
现在分词表示主语所具有的特征,意思是"令人......的";过去分词表示主语所处的状态,意思是"......的"。
[真题回放]7. - I'm very ________ with my own cooking. It looks nice and smells delicious.-Mm, it does have a ________ smell.A. pleasant; pleasedB. pleased; pleasedC. pleasant; pleasantD. pleased; pleasant不定式和动词-ing 形式作宾语1．通常只能接动词-ing 形式作宾语的动词(或动词短语)：建议抵制享受——(suggest， advise； resist； enjoy)考虑承认冒险——(consider； admit； risk)避免推迟实践——(avoid； delay； practice )期待成功完成——(look forward to； succeed in； finish)2．通常只能接不定式作宾语的动词：agree (同意)； offer (提出)； intend， plan (打算，计划)； demand， ask (要求)； promise (答应)； help (帮忙)； prepare (准备)； decide (决定)； refuse (拒绝)； dare (敢于)； choose (选择)； wish，hope，want， expect (希望，想要)；fail （不能；忘记）； pretend (假装)； manage (设法)； determine （决心）同意提出做计划，要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。
3．既能接不定式，又能接动词-ing 形式，但意思不同的动词或词组：即“四‘记’”“力争”“不后悔”。
四“记”指“记得、记住（remember）”；“忘记（forget）”“计划、打算（mean）”；“继续（go on)”；力争指“try”；“不”“后悔”指stop与regret。
4常见的to为介词的短语be / get / become used to 习惯于be given to 喜欢；癖好be related to 与…有关系be addicted to 沉溺于；对…上瘾be opposed to 反对devote oneself to献身于；专心于be devoted to 致力于；忠诚于be admitted to 被…录取；准进入prefer… to…更喜欢admit to承认be attached to附属于；喜欢；依恋be adjusted to 适应look up to 尊敬be married to 和…结be sentenced to被判处be connected to 和…连在一起be exposed to 暴露于；遭受be compared to 被比喻成compare… to…把…比作… be engaged to 与…订婚be / become / get accustomed to // accustomed to 惯于；有…习惯be engaged to 与…订婚get down to 着手做lead to 导致object to反对；不喜欢；不赞成put one’s mind to全神贯注于look forward to 盼望stick to 坚持belong to 属于pay attention to 注意attend to 专心；注意；照料contribute to对…作贡献；有助于apply oneself to 致力于reply to 回答prefer… to…更喜欢add to 增加refer to 谈到；参考；查阅in addition to除…之外turn to转向；求助于respond to 回答；对…作出回应set an example to 给…树立榜样非谓语动词做宾补1. 在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后，要用不带 to 的不定式作宾补。
但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带 to。
He made me work 12 hours a day. 他要我每天工作12小时。
I was made to work 12 hours a day. 每天要我工作12小时。
记忆方法：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、四看(see, look at, watch, notice)。
2. 在下列动词后用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词用不定式，即用于 vt. + sb / sth + to do sth 的形式，其否定式为vt. + sb / sth + not to do sthadvise 建议 allow 允许 ask 叫，请 bear 忍受beg 乞求 cause 导致 command 命令 encourage 鼓励expect 期待 forbid 禁止 force 迫使 get 使hate 讨厌 help 帮助 intend 想要 invite 邀请leave 让 like 喜欢 mean 打算 need 需要oblige 迫使 order 命令 permit 允许 persuade 说服prefer 宁愿 request 请求 remind 提醒 teach 教tell 告诉 trouble 麻烦 want 想要 warn 警告wish 希望 wait for 等 would like 想要would love 想要 would prefer 宁愿注：(1) 在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可。