10 martial art
Chinese martial art
马步
The essence of wushu rests on the theories of yin and yang （阴阳学说）, the five elements （五行学说）and eight diagrams（八卦理论）.
Traditional wushu morality includes patriotism（爱国精神）, uprightness（为人正直）, politeness and faith（谦 虚礼让和待人忠诚）.
Chinese martial art
Chinese martial arts describes the enormous variety of martial arts styles originating in China .Kung fu and martial art are popular terms that have become synonymous with Chinese martial arts. However, the Chinese terms kung fu and martial art have very distinct connotations. Each term can describe different martial arts traditions and can also be used in a context without referencing martial arts. Colloquially, kung fu alludes to any individual accomplishment or cultivated skill. colloquially 。 In contrast, martial art is a more precise term that refers to general martial activities.
向外国人介绍太极拳英语作文简单版
向外国人介绍太极拳英语作文简单版全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Hello everyone! Today, I want to introduce to you a traditional Chinese martial art called Tai Chi Chuan, also known as Tai Chi.Tai Chi is super cool because it's not just a way to fight, but also a way to keep healthy and relaxed. It's like doing a slow dance, but with self-defense moves mixed in!In Tai Chi, you move your body in slow, flowing motions while focusing on your breathing. It's all about balance, concentration, and control. It helps you relax and calm your mind while also improving your strength, flexibility, and coordination.One of the coolest things about Tai Chi is that people of all ages can do it. Even kids like me can learn and practice Tai Chi! It's a great way to stay active and healthy without having to be super fast or strong.Tai Chi has been around for a long time in China, but now people all over the world are learning and practicing it. It's areally fun way to connect with Chinese culture and learn something new.So if you want to try something different and cool, give Tai Chi a try! It's a fun way to stay fit, relax, and learn some awesome self-defense moves. Let's all do Tai Chi together and have a great time! Let's go!篇2Hello everyone! Today I want to introduce you to something very cool from China called Tai Chi. Tai Chi is a really famous Chinese martial art that has been around for a long time.First of all, Tai Chi is not just about fighting. It's also about keeping your body healthy and your mind calm. People of all ages can do Tai Chi, from little kids to old grandparents. It's a great way to stay active and flexible.When you do Tai Chi, you move your body in slow, graceful ways. It's kind of like a dance, but with a purpose. The movements help you relax and build up your strength. And it's really fun to do once you get the hang of it!One cool thing about Tai Chi is that it's all about balance. You have to focus and pay attention to what you're doing. Thishelps to clear your mind and make you feel more peaceful. Plus, it's a great way to destress and forget about any worries you might have.Tai Chi is also a great way to connect with others. You can do it with your friends and family, or even join a class with other people who love Tai Chi. It's a fun way to bond and learn from each other.So, if you ever get the chance to try Tai Chi, go for it! It's a really awesome way to stay healthy, relax, and have fun all at the same time. I hope you enjoyed learning about Tai Chi!篇3Hey guys, have you ever heard of Tai Chi? It's like a super cool Chinese martial art that's been around for a really long time. Let me tell you all about it!Tai Chi is a kind of exercise that's great for your body and mind. It's all about moving slowly and gracefully, like you're dancing. You have to focus and concentrate really hard when you do it, which helps you feel calm and peaceful.When you do Tai Chi, you have to move your body in certain ways, kind of like a really fancy dance routine. You make all thesecool poses and pretend like you're fighting someone, but you're actually just practicing without hurting anyone. It's like pretending to be a ninja, but way more chill.Another awesome thing about Tai Chi is that you can do it anywhere, even in your own backyard. You don't need any special equipment, just comfy clothes and some space to move around. It's a great way to stay active and healthy without having to go to a gym.People from all over the world love Tai Chi because it's fun and good for you. So if you ever get the chance to try it, go for it! You'll feel like a superhero in no time.篇4Hello everyone!Today I want to introduce you to something really cool from China called Tai Chi Chuan, or Tai Chi for short. It's a traditional Chinese martial art that's super popular all around the world.So, Tai Chi is all about slow, graceful movements that help you relax and stay healthy. It's like a gentle dance, but it's also a powerful martial art. People of all ages can do it, from kids to old people. And guess what? It's also great for your body and mind!When you do Tai Chi, you have to focus on your breathing and the movements. It helps you calm down and feel more balanced. It's like doing yoga, but with more flowing movements. And the best part is that you can do it anywhere – in the park, at home, or even in your backyard!Tai Chi has been around for hundreds of years in China, and people love it because it's so good for your health. It can help you relax, improve your balance, and even boost your immune system. Plus, it's a lot of fun to do with your friends and family!So, if you want to try something new and exciting, give Tai Chi a try. You'll feel more energized, peaceful, and strong. And who knows, maybe you'll become a Tai Chi master one day!That's all for now. Thanks for listening, and I hope you'll give Tai Chi a try soon!Bye bye!篇5Hey guys, today I want to tell you about Tai Chi! It's a super cool martial art from China. Tai Chi is all about slow, flowing movements and it's really good for your mind and body.First of all, Tai Chi is great for your health. It helps you relax and reduce stress. When you do Tai Chi, you have to focus and concentrate, which can help clear your mind and make you feel calm. It's like a moving meditation!Also, Tai Chi is good for your body. It can improve your balance and flexibility. The movements are slow and gentle, so it's safe for people of all ages and fitness levels. You don't have to be super strong or fast to do Tai Chi, anyone can try it!Another cool thing about Tai Chi is that it's a great way to learn about Chinese culture. The movements are inspired by nature and traditional Chinese philosophy. You can learn about yin and yang, and how everything in the world is connected.So if you want to try something new and fun, you should definitely give Tai Chi a go! It's a great way to stay healthy, relax, and learn about another culture. Plus, it's just really cool to learn a martial art that's been around for hundreds of years. Try it out and see for yourself!篇6Hey guys, do you know about Tai Chi? It's a really cool martial art from China! Today, I'm going to introduce it to you in English.Tai Chi is like a slow dance that's also super strong. It's all about moving your body in a really smooth and graceful way. People do it to relax, keep healthy, and even defend themselves.When you do Tai Chi, you stand up tall and breathe deeply. You move your arms and legs in a slow, flowing way. It's like you're a tree swaying in the wind, or a bird flying through the sky.Tai Chi is not just about moving your body, it's also about calming your mind. You have to focus and concentrate on each movement. It helps you feel peaceful and balanced.Some people think Tai Chi is like magic because it's so good for your health. It can make your muscles strong, improve your balance, and even help with things like arthritis and stress.So, if you want to try something new and fun, why not give Tai Chi a go? It's a great way to stay fit and feel awesome! Hope you enjoy it as much as I do!篇7Hi! My name is Sarah and today I want to tell you about Tai Chi, a Chinese martial art that is super cool and interesting.So, Tai Chi is like a slow dance that helps you stay healthy and calm. It's all about moving your body in a gentle and flowing way, kind of like a graceful swan. People of all ages can do Tai Chi, from kids like me to grandparents!When you do Tai Chi, you focus on your posture and breathing. It helps to relax your mind and body, reduce stress, and improve your balance and flexibility. Plus, it's a great way to stay fit without doing crazy jumps or running around.Tai Chi has been around for a really long time, like thousands of years! It was originally developed as a self-defense technique, but now it's more about promoting health and well-being. Isn't that cool?If you want to try Tai Chi, you can find classes in many places like parks, community centers, or even online. Just wear comfy clothes and get ready to slow down and enjoy the peaceful movements.So, that's Tai Chi in a nutshell. It's a fun and relaxing way to stay healthy and strong. Maybe you can give it a try and see how it makes you feel all zen and balanced. Thanks for listening!篇8Hey guys, do you know Tai Chi Chuan? It's a really cool martial art from China! I'm going to tell you all about it.Tai Chi Chuan is a traditional Chinese martial art that focuses on slow, flowing movements and deep breathing. It's kind of like a dance, but it's also really powerful and can help you stay healthy and strong.One of the coolest things about Tai Chi Chuan is that it's for people of all ages and fitness levels. You don't have to be super strong or flexible to do it – you just have to be willing to practice and learn.When you do Tai Chi Chuan, you can feel your body and mind becoming more balanced and relaxed. It's a great way to relieve stress and improve your overall health. Plus, it can help you focus better and have more energy throughout the day.Tai Chi Chuan has been practiced in China for thousands of years, and now people all over the world are starting to enjoy its benefits. So if you ever get the chance, be sure to give it a try!That's all for now, hope you guys learned something new about Tai Chi Chuan. Thanks for listening!篇9Hi everyone! Today I want to talk about something super cool called Tai Chi!Tai Chi is a kind of Chinese martial art that looks like a slow dance. It’s not about fighting like in karate or kung fu, but more about moving your body in a really gr aceful way. It’s like doing a slow-motion ballet!Tai Chi is also really good for your health. It helps you relax, improves your balance, and makes your muscles stronger. People say that doing Tai Chi can even make you live longer!When you do Tai Chi, you have to focus really hard on your breathing and movements. It’s kind of like being a ninja, but without all the jumping and kicking. You have to be super gentle and smooth when you do Tai Chi. It's all about harmony and balance!One cool thing about Tai Chi is that you can do it anywhere, even in your own backyard. You don’t need any fancy equipment, just some comfy clothes and a little bit of space. You can even do it with your friends or family for fun!So, if you want to try something new and good for your body, give Tai Chi a try. It’s a great way to relax, stay healthy,and feel like a peaceful warrior. I hope you enjoy it as much as I do!篇10Hello everyone! Today I am going to talk about Tai Chi Chuan, which is a traditional Chinese martial art.Tai Chi Chuan is super cool and awesome! It's not just about fighting, it's also about health and relaxation. It's like doing a slow dance with your body.It's really popular in China and lots of people practice it every day. When you do Tai Chi Chuan, you have to move your body in a really slow and graceful way. It looks like you are dancing in slow motion!There are lots of benefits to practicing Tai Chi Chuan. It can help you relax and reduce stress. It's also good for your balance and flexibility. Some people even say it can help you live longer! Wow, that's amazing!Tai Chi Chuan is also a great way to connect with Chinese culture. It's been around for a long time, like hundreds of years. People all over the world love Tai Chi Chuan because it's so peaceful and beautiful.So if you want to try something new and fun, you should definitely give Tai Chi Chuan a try. Who knows, maybe you'll become a Tai Chi master one day!。
英语四六级翻译真题
16－１7年四级翻译：华山位于华阴市，距西安120公里。
华山是秦岭的一部分,秦岭不仅分隔陕南与陕北，也分隔华南与华北。
与从前人们常去朝拜的泰山不同,华山过去很少有人光临，因为上山的道路极其危险。
然而,希望长寿的人却经常上山,因为山上生长着许多药草,特别是一些稀有的药草。
自上世纪90年代安装缆车以来，参观人数大大增加。
（１45字)Huashan(Ｍｏunt Ｈua) is situａtｅd in ＨuayiｎＣitｙ,120 kilｏmeters aｗay from Xｉ'aｎ. It isparｔof tｈe QinｌiｎｇMouｎtains, whiｃh divｉdes not onｌy Southｅrn anｄNorthernＳhａａnxｉ, bｕt aｌso Sｏｕｔｈand Nｏrth China. Ｕnlｉｋe Taishaｎ, whiｃh bｅcaｍｅa ｐopｕｌａrpｌａce of ｐｉlgrimage, Ｈｕashａn wａsｎot welｌｖisiteｄiｎthe past beｃauseｉｔis dａngｅrｏｕsfoｒthe ｃｌｉmｂers to rｅach iｔｓsuｍm ｉt. Huａshan was aｌsｏａn iｍportaｎｔplace ｆrｅquｅntedby immoｒt aｌity ｓeeｋeｒs,as maｎｙherbs ｇrｏw thｅre ｅsｐeciallｙsｏme rare ones. Sincetｈe installation oｆthe ｃabｌe cars in thｅ19９０s，the n ｕmber of ｖisitｏrs ｈasiｎcrｅaｓed sigｎｉficaｎｔly.黄山位于安徽省南部。
它风景独特,尤以其日出和云海著称。
要欣赏大山的宏伟壮丽,通常得向上看。
但要欣赏黄山美景，得向下看。
黄山的湿润气候有利于茶树生成，是中国主要产茶地之一。
新概念英语第二册Lesson 26 The best art critics
“非常喜欢”这样写
have a great appreciation for ......China have a great appreciation for Chinese martial arts.
★paint
• • • • • • • • vt. &vi (用颜料等)绘，画，给…上油漆。 n. 油漆，颜料，化妆品。 Paint a landscape. 绘一幅风景画。 He painted the wall yellow. 他把墙漆成黄色。 Exercise: painted the windowsills a bright colour. She ________ There is __________ on your clothes. paint She bought a box of ________ to school.
• pretend
Stop pretending!
1.不定式 2.名 词 3.宾语从句 不懂装懂??
• • • • •
2017/12/6
他假装没有看到她。 He pretended not to see her. Don't pretend to know 她假装漫不经心. what you don't know. She pretended carelessness. 皇帝的新装 The emperor pretended that he had worn the clothes.
Art room.
• What are they talking about?
•Guess!
Leaning Tower Pisa
Napoleon
Leonardo Di Ser Piero Da Vinci
四六级翻译中国文化词汇
中国文化词汇一、中国古代四大发明(The Four Great Inventions of Ancient China)1、火药gunpowder2、印刷术printing3、造纸术paper-making4、指南针compass二、中国古代哲学家(Ancient Chinese Philosophers)1、孔子Confucius2、孟子Mencius3、老子Lao Tzu4、庄子Chuang Tzu5、墨子Mo Tzu6、孙子Sun Tzu三、文房四宝(The Four Treasures of the Study)1、笔writing brush2、墨ink stick3、纸paper4、砚ink stone四、书法五大字体(The Five Major Styles of Chinese Calligraphy)1、篆书seal script; seal character2、隶书official script; clerical script3、行书running script; semi-cursive script4、草书cursive script5、楷书regular script; standard script五、六艺(The Six Classical Arts)1、礼rites2、乐music3、射archery4、御riding5、书writing6、数arithmetic六、汉字(Chinese Characters)1、汉字笔画stroke2、偏旁部首radical3、书写体系writing system4、汉藏语系Sino-Tibetan5、汉学家Sinologist; Sinologue6、中国热Sinomania7、同宗同源of the same origin8、华夏祖先the Chinese Characters9、单音节single syllable10、声调tone七、武术(The Martial Arts)1、中国功夫kung fu2、武术门派schools of martial arts3、习武健身practise martial arts for fitness4、古代格斗术ancient form of combat5、中国武术协会Chinese Martial Art Association6、武林高手top martial artist7、气功Qigong; deep breathing exercises8、柔道judo9、空手道karate10、跆拳道tae kwon do11、拳击boxing12、摔跤wrestling13、击剑fencing14、武侠小说tales of roving knights; kung fu novels八、中国文学作品(Chinese Literary Works)1、《大学》The Great Learning2、《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean3、《论语》The Analects of Confucius4、《孟子》The Mencius5、《诗经》The Book of Songs6、《尚书》The Book of History7、《礼记》The Book of Rites8、《易经》The Book of Changes9、《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals10、《三字经》Three-Character Scripture; Three-Word Chant11、《百家姓》The Book of Family Names12、《千字文》Thousand-Character Classic13、《三国演义》Three Kingdoms14、《西游记》Journey to the West15、《红楼梦》Dream of the Red Mansions16、《水浒传》Heroes of the Marshes; Tales of the Water Margin17、《史记》Historical Records18、《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror; Comprehensive History Retold as a Mirror for Rulers19、《孙子兵法》The Art of War20、《山海经》the Classic of Mountains and Rivers21、《西厢记》the Romance of West Chamber22、《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio23、八股文Eight-Part essay; stereotyped writing24、五言绝句five-character quatrain25、七言律诗seven-character octave九、中国建筑(Chinese Architecture)1、四合院quadrangle2、蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt3、碑文inscriptions on a tablet4、碑林the forest of steles5、道观Taoist temple6、殿hall7、烽火台beacon tower8、鼓楼drum tower9、华表ornamental column十、传统节日(Traditional Festivals)1、春节The Spring Festival拜年pay a New Year visit爆竹fire cracker除夕Eve of Chinese New Year春联Spring Couplets辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new水饺boiled dumpling锅贴pan-fried dumpling; pot-sticker庙会temple fair年画traditional Chinese New Year Pictures年夜饭the Eve Feast守岁stay up late on the New Year’s Eve团圆饭family reunion dinner压岁钱New Year gift-money; money given to children as a New Year gift 2、元宵节Lantern Festival汤圆sweet sticky rice dumplings花灯festival lantern灯谜lantern riddle舞龙dragon dance舞狮lion dance踩高跷stilt walking3、清明节Tomb-sweeping Day扫墓tomb-sweeping; sweep tomb sites of loved ones祭祖offer sacrifices to the ancestors踏青go for an outing in spring4、端午节Dragon Boat Festival赛龙舟dragon boat race粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding亡灵departed soul忠臣loyal minister5、中秋节Mid-Autumn Day; Moon Festival月饼moon cake赏月appreciate the glorious full moon6、重阳节Double Ninth Day; the Aged Day7、国庆节National Day十一、艺术1、京剧Peking opera2、秦腔Qin opera3、相声comic cross talk4、说书story-telling5、口技ventriloquism6、杂技acrobatics7、木偶戏puppet show8、皮影戏shadow play9、折子戏opera highlight10、泥人clay figure11、唐三彩Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty12、景泰蓝cloisonné13、刺绣embroidery14、剪纸paper cutting15、中国结Chinese knot16、唐装Tang suit17、针灸acupuncture18、中国画traditional Chinese painting19、水墨画Chinese brush painting十二、美食1、小吃摊snack bar; snack stand2、年糕rice cake3、油条deep-fried dough sticks4、豆浆soybean milk5、馒头steamed buns6、花卷steamed twisted rolls7、包子steamed stuffed buns8、拉面hand-stretched noodles9、馄饨wonton; dumplings in soup10、豆腐tofu; bean curd11、麻花fried dough twist12、蛋炒饭fried rice with egg13、北京烤鸭Beijing Roast Duck14、叫花鸡the Beggar’s Chicken十三、旅游景点1、秦始皇陵the Mausoleum of Emperor Qinshihuang2、兵马俑Terracotta Warriors and Horses3、大雁塔Big Wild Goose Pagoda4、丝绸之路the Silk Road5、敦煌莫高窟the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes6、华清池Huaqing Hot Springs7、五台山Wutai Mountain8、九华山Jiuhua Mountain9、峨眉山Mount Emei10、泰山Mount Tai11、黄山Mount Huangshan; the Yellow Mountain12、故宫the Imperial Palace13、天坛the Temple of Heaven14、苏州园林Suzhou gardens15、西湖West Lake16、九寨沟Jiuzhaigou Valley17、日月潭Sun Moon Lake18、布达拉宫the Potala Palace十四、文化建设1、中国特色社会主义Socialism with Chinese Characteristics2、精神文明建设The Construction of Spiritual Civilization3、文物cultural relic4、文化产业culture industry5、文化底蕴cultural deposits6、文化事业cultural undertaking7、文化交流cross-cultural communication; interculturalcommunication8、文化冲突cultural shock9、民族文化national culture10、民间文化folk culture11、表演艺术performing arts12、现代流行艺术popular art13、高雅艺术refined art版画engraving彩塑painted sculpture瓷器porcelain; china刺绣embroidery宫灯/花灯palace/festival lantern剪纸papercutting景德镇瓷器Jingdezhen porcelain木/石/竹刻wood/stone/bamboo carving唐三彩tri-colored glazed pottery of the Tang Dynasty 中国水墨画Chinese ink and wash painting陶器pottery微雕miniature engraving象牙雕刻ivory carving京剧脸谱facial make-up in Peking Opera木刻版画wood engraving木偶戏puppet show独角戏monodrama; one-man show皮影戏shadow play; leather-silhouette show 京剧Peking Opera秦腔Shaanxi Opera单口相声monologue comic talk双口相声witty dialogue口技vocal imitation说书monologue story-telling杂技acrobatic performance叠罗汉making a human pyramid特技stunt哑剧dumb show; mime马戏circus performance2春节the Spring Festival元宵sweet dumplings made of glutinous rice flour 秧歌yangko年底大扫除the year-end household cleaning灯谜lantern riddle登高hill climbing拜年paying a New Year call鞭炮firecracker年画(traditional) New Year picture 舞龙dragon dance春联Spring Festival couplets元宵节the Lantern Festival植树节Tree-Planting Day除夕New Year's Eve端午节the Dragon Boat Festival龙灯舞dragon lantern dance庙会temple fair年夜饭family reunion dinner on New Year's Eve清明节Tomb-Sweeping Day扫墓pay respects to a dead person at his tomb赏月admire the moon压岁钱money given to children as a lunar New Year gift; gift money 辞旧迎新ring out the old year and ring in the new year中秋节Mid-Autumn Day重阳节the Double Ninth Festival十二生肖Chinese Zodiac七夕节Double Seventh Day粽子traditional Chinese rice-pudding; zong zi 中餐烹饪Chinese cuisine粤菜Cantonese cuisine淮扬菜Huaiyang cuisine鲁菜Shandong cuisine川菜Sichuan cuisine3佛教Buddhism佛寺Buddhist temple道教Taoism道观Taoist temple道士Taoist priest儒教Confucianism儒家文化Confucian culture墨家Mohism法家Legalism孔庙Confucian Temple孔子Confucius《春秋》The Spring and Autumn Annals 《史记》Historical Records《诗经》The Book of Songs《书经》The Book of History《易经》The Book of Changes《礼记》The Book of Rites四书The Four Books《大学》The Great Learning《中庸》The Doctrine of the Mean《论语》The Analects of Confucius《孟子》The Mencius《山海经》The Classic of Mountains and Rivers 《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica 《资治通鉴》History as a Mirror《西厢记》The Romance of West Chamber《西行漫记》Red Star Over China《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms《水浒传》Water Margin《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio《红楼梦》 A Dream of Red Mansions; The Story of the Stone 《西游记》Pilgrimage to the West; A Journey to the West武侠小说martial arts novel言情小说romantic fiction八股文eight-part essay; stereotyped writing五言绝句five-character quatrain七言律诗seven-character octave4民间艺术folk art高雅艺术refined art戏剧艺术theatrical art电影艺术film art爱国主义精神patriotism文化产业cultural industry文化事业cultural undertaking文化交流cultural exchange文化冲突cultural shock; cultural conflict 乡村文化rural culture民族文化national culture表演艺术performing art文化底蕴cultural deposit华夏祖先the Chinese ancestor同宗同源be of the same origin中国文学Chinese literature中国武术Chinese martial arts; Kung Fu 中国书法Chinese calligraphy火药gunpowder印刷术printing; art of printing造纸术papermaking technology指南针compass中国结Chinese knot青铜器bronze ware武术门派style/school of martial arts习武健身practice martial arts for fitness 古代格斗术ancient form of combat武林高手top martial artist气功qigong5无与伦比的文学创作unmatched literary creation 汉语的四声调the four tones of Chinese工艺workmanship; craftsmanship手工艺品handicraft泥人clay figurine苏绣Suzhou embroidery寓言fable神话mythology传说legend公历the Gregorian calendar阴历the Lunar calendar天干Heavenly Stems篆刻seal cutting闰年leap year二十四节气24 solar terms传统节日traditional holiday才子佳人gifted scholar and beautiful lady 中华文明Chinese civilization中外学者Chinese and overseas scholar寺庙temple汉学家sinologist考古学家archaeologist人类学家anthropologist历史学家historian地理学家geographer宿命论determinism守岁stay up late on New Year's Eve桂花sweet osmanthus中药traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)文明摇篮cradle of civilization明清两代the Ming and Qing Dynasties6江南South of the Yangtze River水乡景色riverside scenery上海大剧院Shanghai Grand Theater样板戏model opera《霸王别姬》Farewell to My Concubine 佛经Buddhist scripture都江堰Dujiang Weir《孙子兵法》The Art of War《三字经》Three-Character Scripture 旗袍cheongsam; chi-pao中山装Chinese tunic suit唐装Traditional Chinese garment; Tang suit 风水geomancy胡同alley; hutong《神农本草经》Shen Nong's Herbal Classic 针灸acupuncture推拿medical massage切脉feel the pulse旧石器时代the Paleolithic Period母系氏族社会matriarchal clan society封建(制度)的feudal秦朝the Qin Dynasty汉朝the Han Dynasty唐朝the Tang Dynasty宋朝the Song Dynasty元朝the Yuan Dynasty明朝the Ming Dynasty清朝the Qing Dynasty秦始皇the First Qin Emperor皇太后empress dowager春秋时期the Spring and Autumn Period。
李斯特的作品列表
1.1 Opera(歌剧)•S.1, Don Sanche, ou Le château de l'amour (1824–25) 歌剧《唐切桑》1.2 Sacred Choral Works(神圣的合唱作品)•S.2, The Legend of St. Elisabeth (1857–62) 清唱剧《圣伊丽莎白传奇》•S.3, Christus (1855–67) 清唱剧《基督》•S.4, Cantico del sol di Francesco d'Assisi [first/second version] (1862, 1880–81) 清唱剧《阿西西的圣方济圣歌》•S.5, Die heilige Cäcilia (1874)•S.6, Die Glocken des Strassburger Münsters (Longfellow) (1874)•S.7, Cantantibus organis (1879)•S.8, Missa quattuor vocum ad aequales concinente organo [first/second version] (1848, 1869)•S.9, Missa solennis zur Einweihung der Basilika in Gran (Gran Mass) [first/second version] (1855, 1857–58)•S.10, Missa choralis, organo concinente (1865)•S.11, Hungarian Coronation Mass (1866–67)•S.12, Requiem (1867–68)•S.13, Psalm 13 (Herr, wie lange ?) [first/second/third verion] (1855, 1858, 1862)•S.14, Psalm 18 (Coeli enarrant) (1860)•S.15, Psalm 23 (Mein Gott, der ist mein Hirt) [first version: chorus, soloist & orchestra] [second version: chorus, soloist & violin, piano, harp, organ] (1859, 1862)•S.15a, Psalm 116 (Laudate Dominum) (1869)•S.16, Psalm 129 (De profundis) (1880–83)•S.17, Psalm 137 (By the Rivers of Babylon) [first/second version] (1859–62)•S.18, Five choruses with French texts [5 choruses] (1840–49)•S.19, Hymne de l'enfant à son réveil (Lamartine) [first/second version] (1847, 1862)•S.20, Ave Maria I [first/second version] (1846, 1852)•S.21, Pater noster II [first/second version] (1846, 1848)•S.22, Pater noster IV (1850)•S.23, Domine salvum fac regem (1853)•S.24, Te Deum II (1853?)•S.25, Beati pauperes spiritu (Die Seligkeiten) (1853)•S.26, Festgesang zur Eröffnung der zehnten allgemeinen deutschen Lehrerversammlung (1858)•S.27, Te Deum I (1867)•S.28, An den heiligen Franziskus von Paula (b. 1860)•S.29, Pater noster I (b. 1860)•S.30, Responsorien und Antiphonen [5 sets] (1860)•S.31, Christus ist geboren I [first/second version] (1863?)•S.32, Christus ist geboren II [first/second version] (1863?)•S.33, Slavimo Slavno Slaveni! [first/second version] (1863, 1866)•S.34, Ave maris stella [first/second version] (1865–66, 1868)•S.35, Crux! (Guichon de Grandpont) (1865)•S.36, Dall' alma Roma (1866)•S.37, Mihi autem adhaerere (from Psalm 73) (1868)•S.38, Ave Maria II (1869)•S.39, Inno a Maria Vergine (1869)•S.40, O salutaris hostia I (1869?)•S.41, Pater noster III [first/second version] (1869)•S.42, Tantum ergo [first/second version] (1869)•S.43, O salutaris hostia II (1870?)•S.44, Ave verum corpus (1871)•S.45, Libera me (1871)•S.46, Anima Christi sanctifica me [first/second version] (1874, ca. 1874)•S.47, St Christopher. Legend (1881)•S.48, Der Herr bewahret die Seelen seiner Heiligen (1875)•S.49, Weihnachtslied (O heilige Nacht) (a. 1876)•S.50, 12 Alte deutsche geistliche Weisen (Chorales) [12 chorals] (ca. 1878-79) •S.51, Gott sei uns gnädig und barmherzig (1878)•S.52, Septem Sacramenta. Responsoria com organo vel harmonio concinente (1878) •S.53, Via Crucis (1878–79)•S.54, O Roma nobilis (1879)•S.55, Ossa arida (1879)•S.56, Rosario [4 chorals] (1879)•S.57, In domum Domino imibus (1884?)•S.58, O sacrum convivium (1884?)•S.59, Pro Papa (ca. 1880)•S.60, Zur Trauung. Geistliche Vermählungsmusik (Ave Maria III) (1883)•S.61, Nun danket alle Gott (1883)•S.62, Mariengarten (b. 1884)•S.63, Qui seminant in lacrimis (1884)•S.64, Pax vobiscum! (1885)•S.65, Qui Mariam absolvisti (1885)•S.66, Salve Regina (1885)• 1.3 Secular Choral Works(世俗的合唱作品)•S.67, Beethoven Cantata No. 1: Festkantate zur Enthüllung (1845)•S.68, Beethoven Cantata No. 2: Zur Säkularfeier Beethovens (1869–70)•S.69, Chöre zu Herders Entfesseltem Prometheus (1850)•S.70, An die Künstler (Schiller) [first/second/third verion] (1853, 1853, 1856)•S.71, Gaudeamus igitur. Humoreske (1869)•S.72, Vierstimmige Männergesänge [4 chorals] (for Mozart-Stiftung) (1841)•S.73, Es war einmal ein König (1845)•S.74, Das deutsche Vaterland (1839)•S.75, Über allen Gipfeln ist Ruh (Goethe) [first/second version] (1842, 1849)•S.76, Das düstre Meer umrauscht mich (1842)•S.77, Die lustige Legion (A. Buchheim) (1846)•S.78, Trinkspruch (1843)•S.79, Titan (Schobert) (1842–47)•S.80, Les quatre éléments (Autran) (1845)•S.81, Le forgeron (de Lamennais) (1845)•S.82, Arbeiterchor (de Lamennais?) (1848)•S.83, Ungaria-Kantate (Hungaria 1848 Cantata) (1848)•S.84, Licht, mehr Licht (1849)•S.85, Chorus of Angels from Goethe's Faust (1849)•S.86, Festchor zur Enthüllung des Herder-Dankmals in Weimar (A. Schöll) (1850)•S.87, Weimars Volkslied (Cornelius) [6 versions] (1857)•S.88, Morgenlied (Hoffmann von Fallersleben) (1859)•S.89, Mit klingendem Spiel (1859–62 ?)•S.90, Für Männergesang [12 chorals] (1842–60)•S.91, Das Lied der Begeisterung. A lelkesedes dala (1871)•S.92, Carl August weilt mit uns. Festgesang zur Enthüllung des Carl-August-Denkmals in Weimar am 3 September 1875 (1875)•S.93, Ungarisches Königslied. Magyar Király-dal (Ábrányi) [6 version] (1883)•S.94, Gruss (1885?)1.4 Orchestral Works(管弦乐作品)1.4.1 Symphonic Poems(交响诗)•S.95, Poème symphonique No. 1, Ce qu'on entend sur la montagne (Berg Symphonie) [first/second/third version] (1848–49, 1850, 1854) 第一交响诗山间所闻•S.96, Poème symphonique No. 2, Tasso, Lamento e Trionfo [first/second/third version] (1849, 1850–51, 1854) 《塔索，哀叹与胜利》•S.97, Poème symphonique No. 3, Les Préludes (1848) 第三交响诗“前奏曲”•S.98, Poème symphonique No. 4, Orpheus (1853–54) 第四交响诗《奥菲欧》•S.99, Poème symphonique No. 5, Prometheus [first/second version] (1850, 1855) 第五交响诗《普罗米修斯》•S.100, Poème symphonique No. 6, Mazeppa [first/second version] (1851, b. 1854) 第六交响诗《马捷帕》•S.101, Poème symphonique No. 7, Festklänge [revisions added to 1863 pub] (1853) 第七交响诗《节日之声》•S.102, Poème symphonique No. 8, Héroïde funèbre [first/second version] (1849–50, 1854) 第八交响诗《英雄的葬礼》•S.103, Poème symphonique No. 9, Hungaria (1854) 第九交响诗《匈牙利》•S.104, Poème symphonique No. 10, Hamlet (1858) 第十交响《哈姆雷特》•S.105, Poème symphonique No. 11, Hunnenschlacht (1856–57) 第十一交响诗《匈奴之战》•S.106, Poème symphonique No. 12, Die Ideale (1857) 第十二交响诗《理想》•S.107, Poème symphonique No. 13, Von der Wiege bis zum Grabe (From the Cradle to the Grave) (1881–82) 第十三交响诗《从摇篮到坟墓》1.4.2 Other Orchestral Works(其他管弦乐作品)•S.108, Eine Faust-Symphonie [first/second version] (1854, 1861)•S.109, Eine Symphonie zu Dante's Divina Commedia (1855–56)•S.110, Deux épisodes d'apres le Faust de Lenau [2 pieces] (1859–61)•S.111, Zweite Mephisto Waltz (1881)•S.112, Trois Odes Funèbres [3 pieces] (1860–66)•S.113, Salve Polonia (1863)•S.114, Künstlerfestzug zur Schillerfeier (1857)•S.115, Festmarsch zur Goethejubiläumsfeier [first/second version] (1849, 1857)•S.116, Festmarsch nach Motiven von E.H.z.S.-C.-G. (1857)•S.117, Rákóczy March (1865)•S.118, Ungarischer Marsch zur Krönungsfeier in Ofen-Pest (am 8 Juni 1867) (1870)•S.119, Ungarischer Sturmmarsch (1875)1.5 Piano and Orchestra(钢琴与乐队)•S.120, Grande Fantaisie Symphonique on themes from Berlioz Lélio (1834)•S.121, Malédiction (with string orchestra) (1833) 诅咒钢琴与弦乐队•S.122, Fantasie über Beethovens Ruinen von Athen [first/second version] (1837?, 1849) •S.123, Fantasie über ungarische Volksmelodien (1852) 匈牙利民歌主题幻想曲为钢琴与乐队而作•S.124, Piano Concerto No. 1 in E flat [first/second version] (1849, 1856) 降E大调第一钢琴协奏曲•S.125, Piano Concerto No. 2 in A major [first/second version] (1839, 1849) A大调第二钢琴协奏曲•S.125a, Piano Concerto No. 3 in E flat (1836–39)•S.126, Totentanz. Paraphrase on Dies Irae [Feruccio Busoni's 'De Profundis'/final version] (1849, 1859) 死之舞为钢琴与乐队而作•S.126a, Piano Concerto "In the Hungarian Style" [probably by Sophie Menter] (1885)1.6 Chamber Music(室内乐等)S.126b, Zwei Waltzer [2 pieces] (1832)•S.127, Duo (Sonata) - Sur des thèmes polonais (1832-35 ?)•S.128, Grand duo concertant sur la romance de font Le Marin [first/second version] (ca.1835-37, 1849)•S.129, Epithalam zu Eduard. Reményis Vermählungsfeier (1872)•S.130, Élégie No. 1 [first/second/third version] (1874)•S.131, Élégie No. 2 (1877)•S.132, Romance oubliée (1880)•S.133, Die Wiege (1881?)•S.134, La lugubre gondola [first/second version] (1883?, 1885?)•S.135, Am Grabe Richard Wagners (1883)1.7 Piano Solo1.7.1 Studies(钢琴练习曲)•S.136, Études en douze exercices dans tous les tons majeurs et mineurs [first version, 12 pieces] (1826) 12首钢琴练习曲•S.137, Douze grandes études [second version, 12 pieces] (1837) 《12首超技练习曲》•S.138, Mazeppa [intermediate version of S137/4] (1840) 练习曲“玛捷帕”•S.139, Douze études d'exécution transcendante [final version, 12 pieces] (1852) 12首超技练习曲•S.140, Études d'exécution transcendante d'après Paganini [first version, 6 pieces] (1838) 帕格尼尼超技练习曲•S.141, Grandes études de Paganini [second version, 6 pieces] (1851) 6首帕格尼尼大练习曲•S.142, Morceau de salon, Étude de perfectionnement [Ab Irato, first version] (1840) 高级练习曲“沙龙小品”•S.143, Ab Irato, Étude de perfectionnement [second version] (1852) 高级练习曲“愤怒”•S.144, Trois études de concert [3 pieces] (1848?) 3首音乐会练习曲1. Il lamento2. La leggierezza3. Un sospiro•S.145, Zwei Konzertetüden [2 pieces] (1862–63) 2首音乐会练习曲1. Waldesrauschen2. Gnomenreigen•S.146, Technische Studien [68 studies] (ca. 1868-80) 钢琴技巧练习1.7.2 Various Original Works(各种原创作品)•S.147, Variation on a Waltz by Diabelli (1822) 狄亚贝利圆舞曲主题变奏曲•S.148, Huit variations (1824?) 降A大调原创主题变奏曲•S.149, Sept variations brillantes dur un thème de G. Rossini (1824?)•S.150, Impromptu brilliant sur des thèmes de Rossini et Spontini (1824) 罗西尼与斯蓬蒂尼主题即兴曲•S.151, Allegro di bravura (1824) 华丽的快板•S.152, Rondo di bravura (1824) 华丽回旋曲•S.152a, Klavierstück (?)•S.153, Scherzo in G minor (1827) g小调谐谑曲•S.153a, Marche funèbre (1827)•S.153b, Grand solo caractèristique d'apropos une chansonette de Panseron [private collection, score inaccessible] (1830–32) [1]•S.154, Harmonies poétiques et religieuses [Pensée des morts, first version] (1833, 1835) 宗教诗情曲•S.155, Apparitions [3 pieces] (1834) 显现三首钢琴小品•S.156, Album d'un voyageur [3 sets; 7, 9, 3 pieces] (1835–38) 旅行者札记•S.156a, Trois morceaux suisses [3 pieces] (1835–36)•S.157, Fantaisie romantique sur deux mélodies suisses (1836) 浪漫幻想曲•S.157a, Sposalizio (1838–39)•S.157b, Il penseroso [first version] (1839)•S.157c, Canzonetta del Salvator Rosa [first version] (1849)•S.158, Tre sonetti del Petrarca [3 pieces, first versions of S161/4-6] (1844–45) 3首彼特拉克十四行诗•S.158a, Paralipomènes à la Divina Commedia [Dante Sonata original 2 movement version] (1844–45)•S.158b, Prologomènes à la Divina Commedia [Dante Sonata second version] (1844–45)•S.158c, Adagio in C major (Dante Sonata albumleaf) (1844–45)•S.159, Venezia e Napoli [first version, 4 pieces] (1840?) 威尼斯和拿波里•S.160, Années de pèlerinage. Première année; Suisse [9 pieces] (1848–55) 旅行岁月（第一集）- 瑞士游记•S.161, Années de pèlerinage. Deuxième année; Italie [7 pieces] (1839–49) 旅行岁月（第二集）- 意大利游记•S.162, Venezia e Napoli. Supplément aux Années de pèlerinage 2de volume [3 pieces] (1860) 旅行岁月（第二集补遗）- 威尼斯和拿波里•S.162a, Den Schutz-Engeln (Angelus! Prière à l'ange gardien) [4 drafts] (1877–82) •S.162b, Den Cypressen der Villa d'Este - Thrénodie II [first draft] (1882)•S.162c, Sunt lacrymae rerum [first version] (1872)•S.162d, Sunt lacrymae rerum [intermediate version] (1877)•S.162e, En mémoire de Maximilian I [Marche funèbre first version] (1867)•S.162f, Postludium - Nachspiel - Sursum corda! [first version] (1877)•S.163, Années de pèlerinage. Troisième année [7 pieces] (1867–77) 旅行岁月（第三集）•S.163a, Album-Leaf: Andantino pour Emile et Charlotte Loudon (1828) [2] 降E大调纪念册的一页•S.163a/1, Album Leaf in F sharp minor (1828)降E大调纪念册的一页•S.163b, Album-Leaf (Ah vous dirai-je, maman) (1833)•S.163c, Album-Leaf in C minor (Pressburg) (1839)•S.163d, Album-Leaf in E major (Leipzig) (1840)•S.164, Feuille d'album No. 1 (1840) E大调纪念册的一页•S.164a, Album Leaf in E major (Vienna) (1840)•S.164b, Album Leaf in E flat (Leipzig) (1840)•S.164c, Album-Leaf: Exeter Preludio (1841)•S.164d, Album-Leaf in E major (Detmold) (1840)•S.164e, Album-Leaf: Magyar (1841)•S.164f, Album-Leaf in A minor (Rákóczi-Marsch) (1841)•S.164g, Album-Leaf: Berlin Preludio (1842)•S.165, Feuille d'album (in A flat) (1841) 降A大调纪念册的一页•S.166, Albumblatt in waltz form (1841) A大调圆舞曲风格纪念册的一页•S.166a, Album Leaf in E major (1843)•S.166b, Album-Leaf in A flat (Portugal) (1844)•S.166c, Album-Leaf in A flat (1844)•S.166d, Album-Leaf: Lyon prélude (1844)•S.166e, Album-Leaf: Prélude omnitonique (1844)•S.166f, Album-Leaf: Braunschweig preludio (1844)•S.166g, Album-Leaf: Serenade (1840–49)•S.166h, Album-Leaf: Andante religioso (1846)•S.166k, Album Leaf in A major: Friska (ca. 1846-49)•S.166m-n, Albumblätter für Prinzessin Marie von Sayn-Wittgenstein (1847)•S.167, Feuille d'album No. 2 [Die Zelle in Nonnenwerth, third version] (1843) a小调纪念册的一页•S.167a, Ruhig [catalogue error; see Strauss/Tausig introduction and coda]•S.167b, Miniatur Lieder [score not accessible at present] (?)•S.167c, Album-Leaf (from the Agnus Dei of the Missa Solennis, S9) (1860–69)•S.167d, Album-Leaf (from the symphonic poem Orpheus, S98) (1860)•S.167e, Album-Leaf (from the symphonic poem Die Ideale, S106) (1861)•S.167f, Album Leaf in G major (ca. 1860)•S.168, Elégie sur des motifs du Prince Louis Ferdinand de Prusse [first/second version] (1842, 1851) 悲歌•S.168a, Andante amoroso (1847?)•S.169, Romance (O pourquoi donc) (1848) e小调浪漫曲•S.170, Ballade No. 1 in D flat (Le chant du croisé) (1845–48) 叙事曲一•S.170a, Ballade No. 2 [first draft] (1853)•S.171, Ballade No. 2 in B minor (1853) 叙事曲二•S.171a, Madrigal (Consolations) [first series, 6 pieces] (1844)•S.171b, Album Leaf or Consolation No. 1 (1870–79)•S.171c, Prière de l'enfant à son reveil [first version] (1840)•S.171d, Préludes et harmonies poétiques et religie (1845)•S.171e, Litanies de Marie [first version] (1846–47)•S.172, Consolations (Six penseés poétiques) (1849–50) 6首安慰曲•S.172a, Harmonies poétiques et religieuses [1847 cycle] (1847)•S.172a/3&4, Hymne du matin, Hymne de la nuit [formerly S173a] (1847)•S.173, Harmonies poétiques et religieuses [second version] (1845–52) 诗与宗教的和谐•S.174, Berceuse [first/second version] (1854, 1862) 摇篮曲•S.175, Deux légendes [2 pieces] (1862–63) 2首传奇•1. St. François d'Assise. La prédication aux oiseaux (Preaching to the Birds)•2. St. François de Paule marchant sur les flots (Walking on the Waves)•S.175a, Grand solo de concert [Grosses Konzertsolo, first version] (1850)•S.176, Grosses Konzertsolo [second version] (1849–50 ?) 独奏大协奏曲•S.177, Scherzo and March (1851) 谐谑曲与进行曲•S.178, Piano Sonata in B minor (1852–53) b小调钢琴奏鸣曲•S.179, Prelude after a theme from Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen by J. S. Bach (1859) 前奏曲“哭泣、哀悼、忧虑、恐惧”S.179 - 根据巴赫第12康塔塔主题而作•S.180, Variations on a theme from Weinen, Klagen, Sorgen, Zagen by J. S. Bach (1862) 巴赫康塔塔主题变奏曲•S.181, Sarabande and Chaconne from Handel's opera Almira (1881)•S.182, Ave Maria - Die Glocken von Rom (1862) 圣母颂“罗马的钟声”•S.183, Alleluia et Ave Maria [2 pieces] (1862) 哈利路亚与圣母颂•S.184, Urbi et orbi. Bénédiction papale (1864)•S.185, Vexilla regis prodeunt (1864)•S.185a, Weihnachtsbaum [first version, 12 pieces] (1876)•S.186, Weihnachtsbaum [second version, 12 pieces] (1875–76) 钢琴曲集《圣诞树》•S.187, Sancta Dorothea (1877) 圣多萝西娅•S.187a, Resignazione [first/second version] (1877)•S.188, In festo transfigurationis Domini nostri Jesu Christi (1880) 我主耶稣基督之变形•S.189, Klavierstück No. 1 (1866)•S.189a, Klavierstück No. 2 (1845)•S.189b, Klavierstück (?)•S.190, Un portrait en musique de la Marquise de Blocqueville (1868)•S.191, Impromptu (1872) 升F大调即兴曲“夜曲”•S.192, Fünf Klavierstücke (for Baroness von Meyendorff) [5 pieces] (1865–79) 5首钢琴小品•S.193, Klavierstuck (in F sharp major) (a. 1860) 升F大调钢琴小品•S.194, Mosonyis Grabgeleit (Mosonyi gyázmenete) (1870) 在莫佐尼墓前•S.195, Dem andenken Petofis (Petofi Szellemenek) (1877) 纪念裴多菲•S.195a, Schlummerlied im Grabe [Elegie No 1, first version] (1874)•S.196, Élégie No. 1 (1874)•S.196a, Entwurf der Ramann-Elegie [Elegie No 2, first draft] (1877)•S.197, Élégie No. 2 (1877)•S.197a, Toccata (1879–81) 托卡塔•S.197b, National Hymne - Kaiser Wilhelm! (1876)•S.198, Wiegenlied (Chant du herceau) (1880) 摇篮曲•S.199, Nuages gris (Trübe Wolken) (1881) 灰色的云•S.199a, La lugubre gondola I (Der Trauergondol) [Vienna draft] (1882)•S.200, La lugubre gondola [2 pieces] (1882, 1885) 葬礼小船。
大学英语四级考试翻译题
大学英语四级考试翻译题大学英语四级考试翻译题五篇1.李白是中国唐代著名的诗人之一。
他因杰出的写诗才能，被赋予诗仙(Poetic Genius)的称号。
他的大部分诗写于唐朝兴盛和衰败时期。
他是中国历史上最伟大的诗人之一。
李白一生都过着流浪的(wandering)生活。
他有才华，但没有机会施展。
他很失望，心里愤愤不平。
他必须通过喝酒和写诗来获得乐趣。
然而我们可能不得不感谢他悲惨的政治生活，否则我们将会失去一笔诗歌上的巨大财富。
翻译：Li Bai was one of the celebrated poets in the Tang Dynasty of China. He was endowed with the title of Poetic Genius for his brilliant talent in writing poems. Most of his poems were produced in the rise and fall period of the Tang Dynasty. He is one of the greatest poets in the history of China. Li Bai lived a wandering life all his life. He had talent but no opportunity to use it. He was very disappointed and resentful. He had to attain fun by drinking wine and writing poems. However, maybe we have to thank his miserable political life, or we will lose a great fortune in poetry.2.太极拳(Taijiquan)是一种中国武术内家拳(the internalstyles of Chinese martial art)。
莫扎特所有作品集列表
London
19d
Sonata in C for Keyboard Four-hands C大调钢琴奏
鸣曲(四手联弹)
May 1765
London
20
20
Motet in G minor, "God is Our Refuge"上帝是我
们的避难所”(合唱)
July 1765
London
23
23
森豪斯弥撤》
Autumn 1768
Vienna
47c
Concerto for Trumpet (lost)
Autumn 1768
Vienna
53
47e
Song,An die Freude
Autumn 1768
Vienna
49
47d
Missa brevis in G小弥撒
October -
November 1768
11
11
Sonata in G for Harpsichord, Violin (Flute) and
Cello G大调小提琴奏鸣曲
1764
London
12
12
Sonata in A for Harpsichord, Violin (Flute) and
Cello A大调小提琴奏鸣曲
1764
London
Recitative and Aria for Soprano, "A Berenice"
c. December
1766
Salzburg
76
42a
Symphony in F, "No. 43"
Unit 8 If Picasso Were A Programmer
毕加索：毕加索，西班牙画家、雕塑家。
法国共产党党员。
是现代艺术的创始人，西方现代派绘画的主要代表。
《亚威农少女》，立体主义作品，立体主义运动的诞生。
If Picasso Were a ProgrammerForget paintbrushes and chisels. Today's hottest new art tools are XML and Java.Susan Delson, Best of The Web, 06.25.011. Type a Web site URL—any URL—into "FEED", an online artwork by Mark Napier (). Immediately the screen's nine windows jump into action. Text zooms by at unreadable speed. Colors careen through a grid of tiny squares. A horizontal graph whips up three-color spikes like a demonic EKG. Abruptly, the action ceases for a moment; the screen radiates an almost meditative calm. And then it all starts again, until the entire Web site has been processed. Stripping away what Napier calls the "distracting veneer of content," "Feed" turns Web data into a dizzying display of graphical activity—part mathematical algorithm, part Jackson Pollock.2. This is not your mother's over-the-couch art. Napier's "antibrowser" is just one example of a new type of visual expression: digital, dynamic and made specifically for the Internet. Some works, like "Feed," reshape live data from the Web. Others use telerobotics, Flash animation and Web browsers the way Leonardo daVinci used paint and charcoal. As varied as the technologies that produce it, online art is flourishing. This year it hit the museum scene, big-time, and now galleries are trying to figure out how to sell it.3. This spring saw the rollout of major Net art exhibitions on both coasts, from the San Francisco Museum of ModernArt's010101: Art in Technological Times to the Whitney Museum of American Art's recent Data Dynamics. New York's Museum of Modern Art, London's Tate Britain and even the staid Smithsonian are getting into the act. Meanwhile, long-running digital culture siteslike and act as incubators for this high-tech art. (For a list of sites, see Is It Art Yet?)4. So, online art's out there. But…is it art? For the people who make it, the answer is indisputably yes. "My criteria forart is that it's beautiful and that it changes the way you see the world," says Martin Wattenberg, whose works are featured on several museum sites. "To my mind, this art is both." 5. But those of us who don't program software might not be so sure. Net art is less than a decade old, and even its most ardent champions wouldn't describe it as a mature medium. Photography took more than half a century to be taken seriously as a fine art form. Video spent years on the countercultural fringes before reaching the museum gallery. By comparison, online art is still in its formative stages. Observes Wattenberg, who has worked visualizing financial data for since 1996, "If Net art were a company, right now would be a couple of months before the IPO."6. For the artists that's part of the appeal. But it also means that the idea behind a work can sometimes be more compelling than what actually appears on the screen. And for viewers without a thorough grounding in technology—or advanced math—the most innovative visual programs can seem like little more than high-end screensavers.7.But Web art is much more than that. Its most striking difference from traditional art is the more active role of theviewer—or should we say, user—whose input is often essential to completing the work. Take "Apartment," a work by Wattenberg and Marek Walczak. As users type their thoughts into the computer, the program translates their words into blueprints for individual apartments—the more talk about dreams and sex, for instance, the bigger the bedroom. The basic set-up couldn't be simpler: no user, no art.8. You might get used to interacting with your art. But will you want to collect this stuff? Art dealers call Net art a tough sell. "People love objects," explains gallery owner Sandra Gering, who first worked with online art back in the mid-1990s. This art is only accessible to those with a computer and a Web connection.9. For the time being at least, works that embed Net art in physical installations fare considerably better in the marketplace. While computer code is the core of John F. Simon's art, Gering sells his work as sculptural objects—software, computer and screen in a complete package. And in a concept borrowed from printmaking (and video art), she issues them in limited editions of a dozen or less—all of which have sold out, at prices ranging from $20,000 to $50,000. If the softwarecrashes, the collector simply ships the piece back to the gallery for a quick fix by Simon.10. One collector, New Jersey physician John Burger, who's bought all five editions to date, never even owned a personal computer. For him, Simon's works are abstract art—"so intelligent, so creative, so unlike anything I'd ever seen"—and the digital aspect is almost beside the point. 11. Other dealers bear out Gering's assessment: you need an object—a tangible thing—to sell. Julia Friedman's recently opened Chicago gallery handles sculptural pieces with Web elements, like Eduardo Kac's "Genesis," a work that incorporates live, eerily beautiful Webcam images of mutating bacteria.12. But other sales models are emerging. Simon sells an unlimited edition of "Every Icon"—a work featured in last year's Whitney Biennial—on the Web for $20, in ado-it-yourself download. So far, he's moved about 90 of them, and sales have picked up since operations moved toan ZShop.13. Netomat, an online application offering an "alternative browsing experience," has been available for free downloadat since June 1999. So far there have been 750,000 downloads. Now its developer, Maciej Wisniewski, has quit his post as an XML developer at to convert his art project into an interactive e-mail client.14. Michele Thursz, director of New York's Moving Image Gallery, is working with artists to sell shares in limited-access collecting communities. The collectors will share in the ongoing creative work of artist-designed Web sites, and in the sale of any digital prints or other objects that result. Etoy, a Net art group represented by New York's Postmasters Gallery, has already issued 640,000 shares in its digital collective, 15% of which are owned by collectors. Buyers even get signed collectible stock certificates emblazoned with the artwork. Even if Etoy art never appreciates, the certificates on your living room wall may still brighten your day.15. Surprisingly, corporations and government agencies are buying into this untested art form. John Klima's Net-based work, "ecosystm," was commissioned by Zurich Capital Markets for the employees' lounge of its New York office. Converting individualworld currencies into competing flocks of birds, "ecosystm" tracks currency fluctuations—which directly affect thewell-being of each flock—and global weather, both in real time. Cost: $14,000 and counting. And that doesn't include the extra $14,000 that Zurich spent for a 50-inch gas-plasma monitor to display it all on.16. Another Klima work, "Earth," has been leased for $1,000 a year by the National Library of Medicine for its Bethesda, Md. building. "You license it like Windows 98," the artist notes. "At the end of 18 months, they'll still own the software, but there are no more updates or tech support."17. Artist Wattenberg is also looking to designcustom-interface art for corporate Web sites. "I can see a corporation commissioning me to design a beautiful front end," he says, "like the big, impressive sculpture in the front lobby." With as the producer, Wattenberg is currently developing an interface for NASA's art collection on the Web, expected to launch by early 2002.18. it’s not surprising that Web-based art dealers,like , are getting into this market. TheU.K.-based company, which began selling digital photographyonline in December 1999, now has a dozen digital art projects in the pipeline, half of which should launch this fall. Like other dealers, Eyestorm is looking at a wide range of sales strategies, from corporate commissions to limited-edition CD-ROMs and DVDs to micropayments on a pay-per-view basis.19. Lest you think the medium is pausing to catch its breath, rest assured—the envelope is still being pushed. Currently in the works: at least one show of art created for pagers, cell phones and PDAs. Which begs the question, how do you prevent illegal copying when art is being beamed from cell phone to cell phone?Is It Art Yet? A User's GuideMuseum Web SitesDia Center for the ArtsMuseum of Modern Art/timestreamSan Francisco Museum of Modern ArtClick on 010101: Art in Technological Times; Crossfade Smithsonian American Art MuseumClick on HeliosWalker Art CenterClick on Gallery 9; CrossfadeWhitney Museum of American Art/artportDigital Culture Web SitesRhizomeTurbulenceArtists' Web SitesEtoyEduardo KacJohn KlimaMark NapierJohn SimonMartin Wattenbergwith Marek Walczak: Maciej WisniewskiGallery Web SitesJulia Friedman Gallery Sandra Gering Gallery Moving Image Gallery Postmasters。
莫扎特作品集
钢琴曲谱：莫扎特作品集莫扎特作品之交响曲：第1交响曲，降E大调，K.16（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第2交响乐，（疑作）（Naxos,沃德指挥北方室内管弦乐团）第4交响曲，D大调，K.19（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第5交响曲，降B大调，K.22（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第25交响曲，g小调，K.（伯恩斯坦指挥维也纳爱乐）第35交响曲（哈夫纳），D大调，K385第二乐章（哈农库特指挥皇家音乐厅管弦乐团）第36交响曲（林茨），C大调，K425第一乐章（哈农库特指挥皇家音乐厅管弦乐团）全曲（克莱伯版）第38交响曲“布拉格”，D大调，K504全曲（克伦贝勒指挥柏林战时广播交响乐团）第39交响曲，降E大调，K543第三乐章（演奏者不详）第三乐章(朱里尼/柏林爱乐)全曲（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第40交响曲，g小调，K550第一乐章(旺德指挥北德广播交响乐团)第一乐章（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第二乐章（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第三乐章（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第四乐章（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）全曲（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）四合一版（富特文革勒＋瓦尔特＋卡拉扬＋老克莱伯）（维也纳爱乐＋哥伦比亚交响＋柏林爱乐＋伦敦爱乐）第41号交响曲（朱庇特），C大调，K551第一乐章（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第一乐章（伯恩斯坦指挥维也纳爱乐）全曲（伯恩斯坦指挥纽约爱乐乐团）全曲（史科瓦泽夫斯基指挥日本读卖交响乐团）莫扎特作品之其他管弦乐作品：遣兴曲 K63，第五乐章（NAXOS，内拉特指挥萨尔茨堡室内乐团）遣兴曲 K99 第7乐章（NAXOS，内拉特指挥萨尔茨堡室内乐团演奏）第2号嬉游曲之2，D大调，K136（山度·威格指挥萨尔兹堡莫扎特管弦乐团演奏）第2号嬉游曲之3，降B大调，K137（山度·威格指挥萨尔兹堡莫扎特管弦乐团演奏）第2号嬉游曲之4，F大调，K138 第3乐章（库普曼指挥阿姆斯特丹巴洛克乐团）第11号嬉游曲 K251，第三乐章，稍快的快板（圣马丁室内合奏团）第12号嬉游曲 K252，第三乐章，波兰舞曲（霍利格尔管乐合奏团）第14号嬉游曲 K270，第二乐章，小行板（霍利格尔管乐合奏团）第15号嬉游曲 K287，第四乐章（圣马丁室内合奏团）第16号嬉游曲 K289，第一乐章（荷兰管乐合奏团）第17嬉游曲K334，第三乐章，小步舞曲（圣马丁室内合奏团）第17嬉游曲K334，第三乐章，小步舞曲（演奏者不详）第1号小夜曲，D大调，K100，第六乐章（博斯科夫斯基指挥维也纳莫扎特合奏团演奏）第3号小夜曲，D大调，K185，第二乐章（NAXOS，内拉特指挥萨尔茨堡室内乐团）第4号小夜曲，D大调，K203，第八乐章（NAXOS，内拉特指挥萨尔茨堡室内乐团）D大调进行曲K215和第5号小夜曲，D大调，K204第一乐章（马里纳指挥圣马丁乐团）第6号小夜曲，D大调，K239，（月下小夜曲）"Serenata Notturna"第一乐章：进行曲（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）全曲（SandorVegh指挥萨尔茨堡莫扎特音乐学院乐团）第7号小夜曲，D大调，K250，（哈夫纳小夜曲）第四乐章：回旋曲（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐乐团演奏）第9号小夜曲，D大调，K320全曲（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐乐团演奏）第六乐章，小步舞曲（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐乐团演奏）第10号小夜曲，降B大调，K361第三乐章（NAXOS，德国管乐家重奏团）第七乐章（NAXOS，德国管乐家重奏团）全曲（伯姆指挥柏林爱乐管乐团）全曲(富特文革勒指挥维也纳演奏家乐团)第11小夜曲，降E大调，K375（芝加哥交响乐团/ 莫斯科爱乐）第12小夜曲，C小调，K388（迈耶尔管乐合奏团）第13号小夜曲，《G大调弦乐小夜曲》，K525第一乐章（瓦尔特指挥哥伦比亚交响乐团，CBS报纸版）第一乐章(Traunfellner指挥维也纳室内爱乐乐队)第四乐章：（伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐乐团）全曲(马里纳指挥圣马丁乐团EMI-LD版)全曲（马里纳指挥圣马丁乐团PhlipsCD版）《音乐玩笑》，F大调，K522（菲拉德指挥菲拉德室内管弦乐团）《音乐玩笑》，F大调，K522（奥菲斯室内乐团）德国舞曲，K605，第3首“雪橇”（博斯科夫斯基指挥维也纳莫扎特合奏团）德国舞曲 K586 No.5(Johannes Wildner指挥Capella Istropolitana)NAXOS8.550412 《英雄科堡之胜利》K587（奥菲斯室内乐团）Promenade en Traineau (里德/慕尼黑艺术家管弦乐团)(马里纳指挥圣马丁室内乐团)莫扎特作品之芭蕾音乐：《小玩意》（Les petits riens）K.299B（马里纳指挥圣马丁室内乐团）协奏曲:小提琴协奏曲：第1小提琴协奏曲，降B大调，K207（小提琴：大卫·奥依斯特拉赫）第1小提琴协奏曲，降B大调，K207（小提琴：Simon Standage）第2小提琴协奏曲，D大调，K211全曲（小提琴：格鲁米欧）第2小提琴协奏曲，D大调，K211全曲（小提琴：林昭亮）第3小提琴协奏曲，G大调，K.216第一乐章：快板（小提琴：马泽尔）第一乐章：快板（小提琴：阿卡多）第一乐章：快板（小提琴：慕洛娃）第一乐章：快板（小提琴：大卫·奥依斯特拉赫）第三乐章：（小提琴：穆特）全曲（格鲁米欧）第4小提琴协奏曲，D大调，K218第一乐章：（小提琴：格罗米欧）第二乐章：（小提琴：格罗米欧）第三乐章：（小提琴：格罗米欧）全曲（小提琴：阿卡多）第5小提琴协奏曲，A大调，K219第一、二乐章（小提琴：蒂博）第三乐章（小提琴：海菲兹）第三乐章（小提琴：穆特；指挥：卡拉扬）全曲（小提琴：施奈德汉）全曲（小提琴：格鲁米欧）D大调小提琴协奏曲（K271i）（小提琴：格鲁米欧）（单声）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章E大调柔板，K261（小提琴：格鲁米欧）C大调回旋曲，K373（Maria-Elisabeth Lott，12岁）C大调回旋曲, K373(格鲁米欧小提琴)降B大调回旋曲, K269(谢霖小提琴吉卜森指挥新爱乐乐团协奏)双小提琴协奏曲，C大调，K190（小提琴：帕尔曼、祖克曼）小提琴中提琴交响协奏曲，降E大调，K364第一乐章（小提琴：海菲兹；中提琴：普利姆罗斯）第一乐章（Thomas Brandis； Giusto Cappone；伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第一乐章Naxos历史录音（小提琴：Albert Sammons；中提琴：Lionel Tertis）第二乐章（小提琴：美岛莉；中提琴：今井信子）第三乐章（小提琴：海菲兹；中提琴：普利姆罗斯）第三乐章（小提琴：海菲兹；中提琴：普利姆罗斯）第三乐章（小提琴：布朗；中提琴：伊迈）第三乐章（小提琴：Dumay；中提琴：Causse）第三乐章（小提琴：伊戈尔·奥伊斯特拉赫，中提琴：大卫·奥伊斯特拉赫）第一、二乐章（小提琴：伊戈尔·奥伊斯特拉赫，中提琴：大卫·奥伊斯特拉赫）全曲：（小提琴：格鲁米欧，中提琴：佩雷西亚）***全曲：（小提琴：（帕尔曼），中提琴：祖克曼）交响协奏曲，k297b（Thomas Brandis；Giusto Cappone；伯姆指挥柏林爱乐）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章D大调小提琴与钢琴协奏曲（小提琴：美岛莉；钢琴：艾申巴赫）莫扎特作品钢琴协奏曲：第7号为三架钢琴而作的协奏曲，F大调，K242（古钢琴：Malcolm Bilson，Robert Levin，谭梅文）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章第8号钢琴协奏曲，C大调，K246，(全曲)（肯普夫/莱特纳/柏林爱乐）第9钢琴协奏曲，降E大调，K271第一乐章（钢琴：杨多）第二乐章（钢琴：杨多）第三乐章：（钢琴：杨多）全曲（钢琴：布伦德尔，马克拉斯指挥苏格兰室内管弦乐团/）全曲（钢琴：拉罗查，戴维斯指挥英国室内乐团）第10号为双钢琴而作的协奏曲，E大调，K.365第一乐章（古钢琴：Malcolm Bilson；谭梅文）第二乐章（古钢琴：Malcolm Bilson；谭梅文）第三乐章（古钢琴：Malcolm Bilson；谭梅文）第三乐章（钢琴：吉列尔斯; Rakov Zak）全曲（德拉罗查与普列文合作）全曲（吉列尔斯父女三星带花的名版）第12号钢琴协奏曲，A大调，K414，（钢琴：基辛；斯皮瓦科夫指挥莫斯科名家合奏团）第13号钢琴协奏曲，C大调，K415 （钢琴：米凯兰杰里）第13钢琴协奏曲，C大调，K415，第二乐章（钢琴：杨多）第13钢琴协奏曲，C大调，K415，第三乐章（钢琴：杨多）第15号钢琴协奏曲，降B大调，K450第15钢琴协奏曲（维也纳爱乐乐团／伯恩斯坦乐团指挥并演奏钢琴）第一乐章; 第二乐章；第三乐章全曲（钢琴：布伦德尔）全曲（钢琴：米凯兰杰利）第16号钢琴协奏曲，D大调，K451，（全曲，钢琴：佩拉西亚）第16号钢琴协奏曲，K451，（全曲，钢琴：塞尔金）第17号钢琴协奏曲，K453，G大调（暂缺）第18号钢琴协奏曲，K456，（钢琴：赛尔金Serkin）第19钢琴协奏曲，F大调，K459第一乐章（钢琴：哈斯姬儿）第二、三乐章（钢琴：哈斯姬儿）第二乐章（钢琴：杨多）第三乐章（钢琴：杨多）第20钢琴协奏曲 D小调， K466, （钢琴：杨多）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章第20钢琴协奏曲 D小调 K466, 第二乐章：（钢琴：顾尔达）第20钢琴协奏曲 D小调 K466, 全曲（钢琴：米凯兰杰里，现场录音）第20钢琴协奏曲 D小调 K466, 全曲（钢琴：勒费布，富特文革勒/柏林爱乐）第21钢琴协奏曲，C大调，K467第一乐章：（钢琴：杨多）第一乐章（钢琴：Daniele Dechenne ）第二乐章（钢琴：伊士东文）第二乐章(钢琴:安达Geza Anda)第二乐章（钢琴：施纳贝尔）第三乐章（钢琴：杨多）第三乐章（钢琴：Daniele Dechenne ）全曲（钢琴：布伦德尔）全曲（钢琴：伊斯托敏）全曲（钢琴：内田光子）第22号钢琴协奏曲，降E大调，K482第一乐章（佩拉西亚/英国室内乐团）第二乐章（演奏者不详）第三乐章（佩拉西亚/英国室内乐团）全曲（钢琴: 海布勒，戴维斯指挥伦敦交响）第23钢琴协奏曲，A大调，K488第一乐章（钢琴：杨多）第二乐章（演奏者不详）第二乐章(霍洛维茨/朱利尼)第二乐章（施纳贝尔）第三乐章(霍洛维茨/朱利尼)第三乐章（钢琴：杨多）第三乐章（钢琴：肯普夫1960）全曲（钢琴：布伦德尔）第24钢琴协奏曲，C小调，K491第一乐章（钢琴：杨多）第二乐章（钢琴：杨多）第三乐章（钢琴：杨多）全曲（钢琴：哈斯姬儿）第25钢琴协奏曲，K503，C大调（Malcolm Bilson 古钢琴；Gardiner指挥英国巴洛克独奏家乐团）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章第26钢琴协奏曲（加冕），D大调，K.537,（钢琴：海布勒，洛维茨基指挥伦敦交响）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章第27钢琴协奏曲，降B大调，K595第一乐章(布伦德尔/马连拿指挥圣·马田乐团)第一乐章（钢琴：杨多）第二乐章（钢琴：杨多）第三乐章（钢琴：卡仲CLIFFORD CURZON）全曲（钢琴：顾尔达）全曲（钢琴：巴克豪斯）全曲（钢琴：吉列尔斯）第27钢琴协奏曲（3合1版）（演奏：吉列尔斯＋佩拉希亚＋顾尔达）莫扎特作品为其他乐器所作的协奏曲：大管协奏曲，降B大调，K191全曲（大管：Zeman；伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐乐团）全曲（翁纽大管，Cuschlbauer指挥班贝格交响乐团）长笛与竖琴协奏曲，K299第三乐章（朗帕尔长笛；拉斯金竖琴；菲拉德指挥菲拉德室内管弦乐团）全曲（舒尔茨长笛，萨巴雷塔竖琴，伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐乐团协奏）第1长笛协奏曲，K313全曲（格拉费娜尤长笛；马里纳指挥圣马丁乐团协奏）第一乐章（Susan Palma长笛，Orpheus Chamber Orchestra）第2号长笛协奏曲，D大调 K.314（长笛：尼科莱；皇家音乐厅管弦乐团／津曼）C大调行板，K315（朗帕尔长笛；Cuschlbauer指挥维也纳交响乐团）C大调行板，K315（朗帕尔长笛）双簧管协奏曲，K314（霍利格尔双簧管；马里纳指挥圣马丁乐团协奏）双簧管协奏曲，K314, 第三乐章（皮埃罗双簧管，朗帕尔指挥英国室内乐团）单簧管协奏曲，K622第一乐章（巴塞特单簧管版本，W.梅耶单簧管；哈农库特指挥维也纳音乐社）第一乐章（兰斯洛特单簧管，菲拉德指挥菲拉德室内管弦乐团）第二乐章（布瑞默单簧管；马里纳指挥圣马丁乐团）第二乐章（莱斯特单簧管，马里纳指挥圣马丁乐团）第二乐章（普林茨单簧管，伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐）第三乐章（普林茨单簧管，伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐）第三乐章（Naxos: 奥腾萨默单簧管；约翰内斯·维尔德纳指挥维也纳莫扎特学会）全曲（奥腾萨默单簧管，科林·戴维斯指挥维也纳爱乐乐团）全曲（普林茨单簧管，慕兴格尔指挥维也纳爱乐乐团）全曲（查尔斯·尼德赫单簧管独奏，奥菲斯室内乐团协奏）第1圆号协奏曲，D大调，K412（演奏者不详）第1圆号协奏曲，D大调，K412, 第一乐章（圆号：丹尼斯·布莱恩）第1圆号协奏曲，D大调，K412,第一乐章（圆号：图克维尔/英国室内乐团）第2圆号协奏曲，降E大调，K417（鲍曼圆号；祖克曼指挥圣·保罗室内乐团）第2圆号协奏曲，降E大调，K417, 第一乐章（圆号：丹尼斯·布莱恩）第3圆号协奏曲，降E大调，K447（圆号：丹尼斯·布莱恩）第4圆号协奏曲，降E大调，K495（圆号：丹尼斯·布莱恩）第4圆号协奏曲，降E大调，K495（圆号：图克威尔，马格指挥伦敦交响乐团协奏）莫扎特作品奏鸣曲：小提琴奏鸣曲：小提琴奏鸣曲第10号，K15（大键琴：维莱特；小提琴：波莱特）小提琴奏鸣曲第16号，K31（大键琴：维莱特；小提琴：波莱特）小提琴奏鸣曲第17号，C大调，K296 （小提琴：谢霖，钢琴：海布勒）小提琴奏鸣曲第18号，K301 （小提琴：格鲁米欧，钢琴：克林）小提琴奏鸣曲第21号，K304 （小提琴：格鲁米欧，钢琴：克林）小提琴奏鸣曲第24号，F大调，K376（小提琴：格吕米奥；钢琴：哈斯姬儿）小提琴奏鸣曲第26号，降B大调，K378（小提琴：格吕米奥；钢琴：哈斯姬儿）小提琴奏鸣曲第26号，降B大调，K378（小提琴：谢霖；钢琴：海布勒）小提琴奏鸣曲第27号，G大调，K379（小提琴：谢霖；钢琴：海布勒）小提琴奏鸣曲第32号，降B大调, K454（小提琴：格吕米奥；钢琴：哈斯姬儿）小提琴奏鸣曲第33号，K481 （小提琴：格鲁米欧，钢琴：克林）小提琴奏鸣曲第35号，A大调，K526（小提琴：谢霖；钢琴：海布勒）小提琴奏鸣曲第35号，A大调，K526 （小提琴：格鲁米欧，钢琴：克林）小提琴奏鸣曲第36号，F大调，K547 （暂缺）变奏曲，K359（小提琴：谢霖；钢琴：海布勒）小提琴奏鸣曲》K481（小提琴：施纳德汉；钢琴：希曼）小步舞曲（小提琴：海菲兹）钢琴奏鸣曲及独奏作品：钢琴奏鸣曲，第1号，C大调，K279（钢琴：季雪金）钢琴奏鸣曲，第2号，F大调，K280（钢琴：海布勒）钢琴奏鸣曲，第2号，F大调，K280（钢琴：哈斯姬尔）钢琴奏鸣曲，第3号，降B大调，K281（钢琴：霍洛维兹）：第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章钢琴奏鸣曲，第3号，降B大调，K281（钢琴：吉列尔斯）钢琴奏鸣曲，第4号，降E大调，K282，（钢琴：吉塞金Gieseking）钢琴奏鸣曲，第5号，G大调，K283（钢琴：吉塞金Gieseking）钢琴奏鸣曲，第6号，D大调，K284（钢琴：海布勒）钢琴奏鸣曲，第7号，C大调，K309（钢琴：海布勒）钢琴奏鸣曲，第7号，C大调，K309（钢琴：拉罗查）钢琴奏鸣曲，第8号，A小调，K310（钢琴：拉罗查）钢琴奏鸣曲，第8号，A小调，K310（钢琴：李帕蒂）钢琴奏鸣曲，第8号，A小调，K310（钢琴：施纳贝尔）钢琴奏鸣曲，第9号，D大调，K311（钢琴：吉泽金）钢琴奏鸣曲，第10号，A大调，K330（钢琴：哈斯姬尔）钢琴奏鸣曲，第10号，A大调，K330（钢琴：霍洛维茨）钢琴奏鸣曲，第11号，A大调，K331（其中第三乐章为著名的土耳其进行曲）K331（钢琴：海布勒）K331（钢琴：吉塞金Gieseking）土耳其进行曲(波格莱里奇)钢琴奏鸣曲，第12号，F大调，K332（钢琴：舒拉.切尔卡斯基Shura Cherkassky）钢琴奏鸣曲，第13号，降B大调，K333（钢琴：拉罗查）钢琴奏鸣曲，第13号，降B大调，K333（钢琴：舒拉.切尔卡斯基)钢琴奏鸣曲，第13号，降B大调，K333（钢琴：霍洛维兹）钢琴奏鸣曲，第14号，c小调，K457（钢琴：阿劳）钢琴奏鸣曲，第15号，C大调，K545（钢琴：海布勒）钢琴奏鸣曲，第15号，C大调，K.545（钢琴：内田光子）钢琴奏鸣曲，第15号，C大调，K.545（钢琴：李赫特,布拉格现场）钢琴奏鸣曲，第16号，降B大调，K570（钢琴：弗雷德里齐·古尔达）钢琴奏鸣曲，第16号，降B大调，K570（钢琴：季雪金）钢琴奏鸣曲，第17号，D大调，K576, 第二乐章（钢琴：弗雷德里齐·古尔达）钢琴奏鸣曲，第17号，D大调，K576, 全曲（钢琴：Solomon）c小调钢琴《幻想曲》，K396（钢琴：查哈里亚斯Christian Zacharias）d小调钢琴《幻想曲》，K397（钢琴：吉列尔斯，现场录音）D大调钢琴《回旋曲》，K485（钢琴：查哈里亚斯Christian Zacharias）F大调钢琴《回旋曲》，K494(李赫特,布拉格现场)两架钢琴奏鸣曲，D大调，K448全曲（钢琴：罗夫·帕尔吉，沃尔夫冈·曼斯）全曲（钢琴：海布勒、霍夫曼）第二乐章（钢琴：鲁普、佩拉西亚）全曲(钢琴: Anna & Ines walachowski)钢琴变奏曲,K354（钢琴：海布勒）（根据博马舍《塞维利亚理发师》中的《我是多林》而作的12首变奏曲）迪波尔小步舞曲主题变奏曲9首，K573（钢琴：哈斯姬尔）迪波尔小步舞曲主题变奏曲，K573（钢琴：布伦德尔）根据“阿，妈妈，我要对你说”而作的12首变奏曲，K265（钢琴：海布勒）为两架钢琴而作的G大调慢板和变奏曲，K501（阿格丽姬，毕晓普-科瓦塞维奇）A小调回旋曲,K511(布伦德尔)6首德国舞曲,KV509(吉泽金)格伦·古尔德弹奏的(感觉异样的)莫扎特钢琴奏鸣曲:钢琴奏鸣曲 K279（格伦·古尔德）钢琴奏鸣曲 K283（格伦·古尔德）钢琴奏鸣曲 K330（格伦·古尔德）钢琴奏鸣曲K309（格伦·古尔德）钢琴奏鸣曲K310，第一乐章（格伦·古尔德）钢琴奏鸣曲K331，第三乐章, 土耳其进行曲（格伦·古尔德）室内乐：二重奏作品：G大调小中提琴二重奏,K423(Grumiaux&Pelliccia)降B大调小中提琴二重奏,K424(Grumiaux&Pelliccia)三重奏作品：第1号钢琴三重奏，降B大调，K254，（皮雷斯、杜梅、王建）第2号钢琴三重奏，G大调，K496（皮雷斯、杜梅、王建）第3号钢琴三重奏，降B大调，K502（美艺三重奏）第4号钢琴三重奏，E大调，K542（美艺三重奏）第5号钢琴三重奏，C大调，K548（暂无）第6号钢琴三重奏，G大调，K.564（美艺三重奏）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章单簧管三重奏，降E大调，K498（莱文钢琴，莱斯特单簧管，科瑞斯特中提琴）为弦乐三重奏而作的《降E大调嬉游曲》，K563（格鲁米欧三重奏团）降B大调《嬉游曲》K254，第三乐章(皮尔斯/杜梅/王键) ——————————————————————————————————四重奏作品：第1号弦乐四重奏，G大调，K80/73f（意大利四重奏团）第2号弦乐四重奏，D大调，《米兰四重奏》之一，K155/134a（意大利四重奏团）第3号弦乐四重奏，G大调，《米兰四重奏》之二，KV156/134b（意大利四重奏团）第13号弦乐四重奏，D小调，《维也纳四重奏》第六首，K173 (阿玛迪乌斯四重奏团)第17号弦乐四重奏（狩猎），降B大调，K458（意大利四重奏组）第21号弦乐四重奏，D大调，K575（意大利四重奏组）第23号弦乐四重奏，K590，D大调《普鲁士四重奏》第三号(阿玛迪乌斯四重奏团)第1号钢琴四重奏，G小调，K478，全曲，（马友友，斯特恩，艾克斯，拉雷多）第2号钢琴四重奏，降E大调，K493，全曲，（马友友，斯特恩，艾克斯，拉雷多）第2号钢琴四重奏，降E大调，K493，全曲（PHILIPS：Haeble钢琴，Schwalbe小提琴，Cappone中提琴，Borwitzky大提琴）第1号长笛四重奏，D大调，K285, （贝奈特长笛；格鲁米欧三重奏团）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章全曲第一乐章(高威与东京弦乐四重奏团)第2号长笛四重奏(全曲)（长笛：贝内特/格鲁米欧三重奏团）第3号长笛四重奏(全曲)（长笛：贝内特/格鲁米欧三重奏团）第4号长笛四重奏(全曲)（长笛：贝内特/格鲁米欧三重奏团）双簧管四重奏，K370（Kiss双簧管，科达伊四重奏团成员，NAXOS版）——————————————————————————————————五重奏作品：第3号弦乐五重奏，C大调，K515 （小提琴：Arthur Grumiaux，Arpad Gerecz；中提琴：Georges Janze r，Max Lesueur；大提琴：Eva Czako）第4号弦乐五重奏，G小调，K516, 第一乐章（演奏者同上）第5号弦乐五重奏，D大调，K593，（全曲,演奏者同上）第6弦乐五重奏 K614，降E大调，(格鲁米欧三重奏团/格莱茨/莱舒尔)单簧管五重奏，A大调，K581第一乐章（单簧管：Jozsef Balogh；Danubius 四重奏团）全曲（Schmidl巴塞特单簧管，维也纳八重奏团成员演奏）玻璃琴五重奏《C小调柔板与回旋曲》，K617（玻璃琴：Bruno Hoffmann；长笛：Aurele Nicolet；双簧管：Heinz Holliger；中提琴：Karl Schouten；大提琴：Jean Decroos）圆号五重奏，K407（Kevehazi圆号，科达伊四重奏团，NAXOS版）钢琴与管乐五重奏，降E大调，K452（布伦德尔钢琴，霍利格尔双簧管，布鲁纳单簧管，鲍曼圆号，图纳曼大管）钢琴与管乐五重奏，降E大调，K452(丹尼斯·布赖恩管乐合奏团)根据G大调弦乐小夜曲（K525）而改编的弦乐五重奏（埃克斯、瓜奈里四重奏团等）第一乐章第二乐章第三乐章第四乐章歌剧作品:《费加罗的婚礼》，K492序曲（梅塔指挥SONY 53286）序曲（莱茵斯多夫指挥维也纳爱乐）序曲（瓦尔特指挥哥伦比亚交响乐团）咏叹调：《蝴蝶不能再飞》（梅塔指挥SONY 53286）咏叹调：“Voi che sapete”（Danco演唱；克莱伯指挥维也纳爱乐乐团、维也纳歌剧院合唱团演出）二重唱：“Che soave zefiretto”（Casa & Gueden演唱，克莱伯指挥维也纳爱乐乐团、维也纳歌剧院合唱团）二重唱“Cinque...dieci...venti...trenta”(Siepi & Gueden演唱，E.克莱伯指挥维也纳爱乐乐团、维也纳歌剧院合唱团)“Porgi amor,qualche ristoro”(Casa演唱 E.克莱伯指挥维也纳爱乐乐团、维也纳歌剧院合唱团) “Porgi amor,qualche ristoro”(Kanawa演唱伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐乐团)“Dove sono”(演唱：施瓦兹科普夫;卡拉扬指挥维也纳爱乐)《魔笛》，K620序曲（伯姆指挥）序曲(瓦尔特指挥哥伦比亚交响)第二幕（索尔蒂指挥维也纳爱乐乐团，演唱：迪斯考等）二重唱“那些坠入爱河的男人”（索尔蒂指挥维也纳爱乐，演唱：普雷，罗莲嘉）“在神圣的殿堂里”（演唱：特尔维拉）“帕帕姬娜你在哪里”（伯姆指挥）二重唱:懂得爱情的男人，都有一颗仁慈的心（Ziesak&Kraus演唱;索尔蒂指挥维也纳爱乐）咏叹调：“如果有个女人爱我，多么幸福”（索尔蒂指挥维也纳爱乐乐团）“夜后”（演唱：格鲁布洛娃Edita Gruberova）二重唱：《pa pa pa》(演唱：夸斯托夫/卡巴列)二重唱：《pa pa pa》(演唱：普雷/霍尔姆, 索尔蒂/维也纳爱乐)美丽的画像(演唱：冯德里希)夜后"复仇的火焰"(演唱者：朵依特肯)《女人心》,K588序曲（伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐、维也纳歌剧院合唱乐团）第二幕（伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐、维也纳歌剧院合唱乐团）第2幕第4场(EMI伯姆指挥爱乐乐团与合唱团演出, Schwarzkopf、Ludwig、Kraus、Taddei等演唱) “Fra gli amplessi in pochi istanti”(EMI伯姆指挥爱乐乐团与合唱团演出, Schwarzkopf & Kraus演唱)《唐璜》,K527序曲（朱利尼指挥爱乐乐团）第一幕：（朱利尼指挥爱乐乐团，演唱：萨瑟兰、施瓦兹科普夫等）第二幕（索尔蒂指挥伦敦爱乐乐团、伦敦歌剧院合唱团）二重唱“让我们手拉手吧”（演唱：Sciutti & Wachter；朱利尼指挥爱乐乐团、合唱团）小夜曲“Deh vieni alla finestra”(Wachter演唱朱利尼指挥爱乐乐团、合唱团)《后宫诱逃》 K384咏叹调“Martern aller Arten”（Koth演唱，约胡姆指挥巴伐利亚歌剧院乐团与合唱团）咏叹调“Hier soll ich dich denn sehen”(Wunderlich演唱，约胡姆指挥巴伐利亚歌剧院乐团与合唱团)序曲(约胡姆指挥巴伐利亚歌剧院乐团与合唱团)序曲(NAXOS)《狄托的仁慈》，K621二重唱“Ah perdona al primo affetto”（von Stade & Popp演唱，科林·戴维斯指挥科文特花园皇家歌剧院乐团与合唱团）咏叹调“Ah,se fosse intorno al trono” (Burrows演唱科林·戴维斯指挥科文特花园皇家歌剧院乐团与合唱团)《阿斯卡尼奥在阿尔巴》K111,序曲(萨尔茨堡莫扎特管弦乐团／利奥波德·哈格)《巴斯蒂恩与巴斯蒂恩娜》K50,序曲《巴斯蒂安与巴斯蒂安娜》K50，全剧（Gruberova、Cole、Polgar演唱，Leppard指挥李斯特室内乐团）《装痴作傻》（一）施雷尔（P.Schreier）指挥C.P.E巴赫乐团《装痴作傻》（二）施雷尔（P.Schreier）指挥C.P.E巴赫乐团---------------------------------------------------------------------------------声乐作品:女高音咏叹调：“喜悦的心情”，K579（演唱：格鲁贝洛娃）咏叹调：“Vorrei Siegarvi,oh Dio”，K418《哈利路亚》(平诺克指挥英国协奏团, 演唱: Bonnry)《黄昏的感触》（Elly Ameling Dalton Baldwin with Netherlands Wind Ensemble）教堂音乐:忏悔者的庄严晚祷，K399C大调《加冕》弥撒曲，K317（哈农库特指挥）C小调大弥撒 K427 (柏林广播交响乐团/Fricsay)《圣礼赞》(排箫：赞非尔/管风琴：毕什)《C大调第十号弥撒曲》麻雀(库贝利克指挥巴戈里亚广播合唱团、乐团)安魂曲，D小调，K626伯姆指挥维也纳爱乐1971年版卡拉扬/柏林爱乐1976年版卡拉扬指挥维也纳歌唱家合唱团、伯林爱乐乐团巴伦博依姆1972年的版本克尔特兹(Kertesz)指挥维也纳爱乐乐团版库普曼指挥阿姆斯特丹巴洛克乐团等伯恩斯坦悼念亡妻版朱利尼/爱乐乐团和合唱团改编曲:第13号小夜曲《G大调弦乐小夜曲》,K525,第四乐章（长笛版）吉他: 《魔笛》主题及变奏（索尔改编，演奏：帕克宁）吉他: 《魔笛》主题及变奏（索尔改编，演奏：塞戈维亚）吉他: 《魔笛》主题及变奏（Pepe Romero 吉他独奏）《魔笛》中的幻想曲(萨拉萨蒂改编, 沙汉姆演奏)《费加罗婚礼》(管乐合奏)(LINOS-ENSEMBLE)《后宫诱逃》长笛与双簧管二重奏（Schulz长笛/Schellenberger双簧管）摇篮曲(改编曲)贝多芬《根据莫扎特歌剧〈唐璜〉中“La ci darem la mano”主题而作的变奏曲》但济《单簧管与乐队“La ci darem la mano”主题幻想曲》圆号协奏曲哼唱的《土尔其进行曲》木管五重奏《土尔其进行曲》Mozart 莫扎特作品目录编号K.时间地点作品名音高1 1761/2 Salzburg Minuet for Harpsichord (See K. 1e) G Major or 17641 1761/2? Salzburg Andante for Harpsichord C Major1b 1761/2? Salzburg Allegro for Harpsichord C Major1c 1761 Salzburg Allegro for Harpsichord F Major1d 1761 Salzburg Minuet for Harpsichord F Major1e 1761/2 Salzburg Minuet for Harpsichord (See K. 1) G Major or 17641f 1761/2 Salzburg Minuet for Harpsichord C Major or 17642 1762 Salzburg Minuet for Harpsichord F Major3 1762 Salzburg Allegro for Harpsichord B Flat Major4 1762 Salzburg Minuet for Harpsichord F Major5 1762 Salzburg Minuet for Harpsichord F Major5a 1763 Salzburg Allegro for Harpsichord (See K. 9a) C Major6 1764 Paris Sonata for Harpsichord & Violin C Major7 1764 Paris Sonata for Harpsichord & Violin D Major8 1764 Paris Sonata for Harpsichord & Violin B Flat Major9 1764 Paris Sonata for Harpsichord & Violin G Major9a 1763 Salzburg Allegro for Harpsichord (See K. 5a) C Major10 1764 London Sonata for Harpsichord，Violin (or B Flat Major Flute) & Cello11 1764 London Sonata for Harpsichord，Violin (or G Major Flute) & Cello12 1764 London Sonata for Harpsichord，Violin (or A Major Flute) & Cello13 1764 London Sonata for Harpsichord， Violin (or Flute) & Cello14 1764 London Sonata for Harpsichord， Violin (or Flute) & Cello。
到伦敦去旅游的英语作文
Traveling to London has been a dream of mine ever since I first learned about the citys rich history and vibrant culture. The allure of Big Bens chimes, the grandeur of Buckingham Palace, and the mystique of the Tower of London have always captivated my imagination. Finally, the summer after my junior year in high school, I had the opportunity to embark on a journey to this iconic city.The moment my plane touched down at Heathrow Airport, I was filled with a sense of excitement and anticipation. As I stepped out into the bustling city, the first thing that struck me was the distinct blend of old and new. The cityscape was a canvas of architectural styles, from the Gothic spires of Westminster Abbey to the modern skyscrapers of the financial district.My first stop was the iconic Tower of London, a historic fortress that has stood witness to the citys tumultuous past. As I walked through its ancient walls, I felt a palpable sense of history. The Crown Jewels, a dazzling collection of royal regalia, were a sight to behold. Each piece was a testament to the craftsmanship and opulence of the British monarchy.Next, I made my way to the British Museum, a treasure trove of world history. The vast collection, spanning millennia and continents, was overwhelming. I was particularly fascinated by the Rosetta Stone, the key to deciphering ancient Egyptian hieroglyphs. The museums collection of Greek and Roman artifacts also left me in awe of the civilizations that shaped Western culture.No trip to London would be complete without a visit to BuckinghamPalace, the official residence of the British monarch. The Changing of the Guard ceremony was a spectacle of precision and pageantry. The sight of the soldiers in their scarlet uniforms and bearskin hats marching to the rhythm of a military band was both impressive and charming.One of the highlights of my trip was a ride on the London Eye, a giant Ferris wheel that offers a breathtaking view of the city. As the capsule ascended, the cityscape unfolded beneath me, a tapestry of parks, rivers, and landmarks. The Thames, with its historic bridges, was a beautiful ribbon of water winding through the city.Westminster Abbey was another mustvisit destination. The abbeys Gothic architecture was aweinspiring, and its stained glass windows cast a kaleidoscope of colors on the stone floors. The tombs of poets, scientists, and monarchs were a poignant reminder of the individuals who shaped Britains history.A stroll through the bustling streets of Covent Garden was a delightful experience. The area was a hub of activity, with street performers, shops, and cafes. The vibrant atmosphere was a testament to Londons status as a cultural melting pot.My visit to the Tate Modern was an unexpected surprise. The museum, housed in a former power station, showcased contemporary art from around the world. The thoughtprovoking exhibits challenged my perceptions and expanded my understanding of art.A trip to London wouldnt be the same without experiencing its famous theatre scene. I was fortunate enough to catch a performance of The Phantom of the Opera at Her Majestys Theatre. The production was a feast for the senses, with its haunting music, elaborate sets, and captivating performances.One of the most memorable aspects of my trip was the food. From the classic fish and chips to the innovative fusion cuisine, Londons culinary scene was a delightful adventure. The citys diverse population has contributed to a rich tapestry of flavors and culinary traditions.As my time in London came to an end, I felt a sense of sadness but also immense gratitude for the experiences I had. The city had exceeded my expectations, offering a blend of history, culture, and modernity that was truly unique. My journey to London was not just a trip it was an enriching experience that broadened my horizons and left me with memories that I will cherish forever.。
书信介绍中国传统文化的英语作文
书信介绍中国传统文化的英语作文全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Amazing Chinese CultureHi there! My name is Xiaoming and I'm 10 years old. I was born in Beijing, the capital of China. Today, I want to tell you all about my country's amazing traditional culture. Get ready to learn some really cool stuff!Let's start with Chinese characters. We use these unique symbol-pictures to write instead of an alphabet. Chinese characters are super old – they've been used for thousands of years! Each one represents a word or part of a word. Some are pretty simple, but others are really complex with tons of strokes. I'm still learning how to write them properly in school. It's tough but really satisfying when I finally master a new character.Speaking of school, education is highly valued in Chinese culture. We have a saying: "Hunger for a while can cure poverty, but being ignorant will lead to lasting hardship." So we study really hard! My favorite subjects are math, science, and Chinese literature. We read a lot of classics like Journey to the West andRomance of the Three Kingdoms. They're ancient stories full of magic, heroes, and life lessons.Food is another huge part of my culture that I absolutely love. Chinese cuisine is so diverse with many different regional styles. My favorites are dumplings, noodles, and Peking duck. Yum! For Chinese New Year, we have a huge reunion dinner with all kinds of delicious dishes like whole steamed fish for prosperity. And you can't forget the dumplings - they're shaped like ancient money to symbolize wealth in the new year.Chinese festivals are the best! The biggest one is Chinese New Year, also called the Spring Festival. We decorate with red lanterns, firecrackers go off everywhere, and kids receive red envelopes with money inside from relatives. It's so fun! There's also the Lantern Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival and more. Each one has its own fun traditions and tasty holiday foods.Traditional Chinese arts and crafts are really impressive too. Chinese calligraphy uses brush strokes to render beautiful written characters almost like paintings. Traditional Chinese paintings depict natural scenery like landscapes and animals using brush and ink. Folk arts like paper cutting, kite making, clay sculpting and embroidery are also very important.I can't forget to mention traditional Chinese medicine! It treats the whole body using natural herbs, acupuncture, massage and other techniques. Practitioners believe in balancing the body's vital energy or "qi." My grandma always gives me herbal soup remedies when I get sick. They actually taste pretty good!Let me tell you about some core Chinese values that shape our culture. Respecting your elders and ancestors is hugely important, along with family values. We have a big focus on working hard, humility, and being a moral, upright person. Following rituals and traditions helps connect to our ancient heritage too.One more super famous aspect of Chinese culture is martial arts! You've probably heard of legendary martial arts styles like Kung Fu, Tai Chi, and Wing Chun. They combine combat techniques with philosophy, meditation, and discipline. Movies featuring martial arts action and ancient Chinese stories are wildly popular around the world.Whew, that was a lot of information! As you can see, Chinese traditional culture is absolutely amazing with such a long, rich history. I feel really proud and lucky to be part of it. From the writing system to the delicious food to the ancient stories and values, I love learning about and participating in my fascinatingcultural heritage. I hope you enjoyed hearing about some of the highlights!Do you have any other questions about Chinese culture? I could go on and on about calligraphy, traditional Chinese medicine, martial arts movies, and so much more. Sharing my traditions and way of life with others is really fun. Let me know if you'd like to learn anything else!篇2My Awesome Chinese CultureHi friends! My name is Li Ming and I'm 10 years old. I live in Beijing, the capital of China. Today I want to tell you all about my amazing Chinese culture that I'm super proud of. Get ready to learn some really cool stuff!Let's start with Chinese characters. We call them hànzì (汉字). They are not like the alphabet letters you use. Each character is a little picture that represents a whole word. So instead of spelling words out, each character just IS the word. Crazy right? There are thousands of characters and kids have to spend years learning them. My favorite is 龙which means dragon. Don't dragons seem awesome?!Speaking of dragons, they are amazing mythical creatures in Chinese culture. Along with other magical beasts like phoenixes, dragons are powerful symbols. We have dragon dances during big festivals wherepeople hold up a huge dragon puppet and make it twist and turn like it's alive. The dragon is a sign of power, strength and good luck. How cool is that?Another icon you see everywhere is the yin and yang symbol. It represents two opposite forces that need to be balanced, like night and day. The white yang side represents positivity and light while the black yin side is negativity and darkness. But they aren't totally separate - there's a bit of each in the other to show that you can't have one without the other. Mind-blowing, right?Then we have cool martial arts like kung fu. Martial artists do crazy flips and kicks. They use weapons like swords and nunchuks. Martial arts movies with awesome fight scenes are so much fun to watch! My favorite is the legend of the Shaolin Monks who were the ultimate kung fu masters. I want to join a kung fu school when I'm older.Chinese people love festivals and celebrations. There are so many fun ones! The biggest is Lunar New Year, also called Spring Festival. Everybody gets new red clothes and decorations for good luck. We have huge feasts with dumplings and noodles.Kids receive red envelopes with money inside. And we set off a million firecrackers and fireworks at midnight to frighten off evil spirits and bring good luck. It's SO LOUD and so much fun!Another favorite festival is the Mid-Autumn Moon Festival. We eat sweet mooncakes and admire the bright full moon. The legend says there's a lady living on the moon along with a huge rabbit! The rabbit was her pet that was supposed to stay tiny, but a magic pill made it huge. We light lanterns and have nighttime lantern parades and parties under the moonlight.When it comes to food, Chinese cuisine has some delicious dishes but also some really bizarre stuff in my opinion! Dumplings, noodles, rice and stir-fries are classic and yummy. But then we also have weird things like scorpions, silkworms, chicken feet, and the smelliest of all - stinky tofu! It's blocks of fermented tofu that have been rotting and they reek like a sewer. Some people gobble it up but I can't stand the gross smell.One really unique part of Chinese culture is Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). It's all natural remedies using herbs, roots, acupuncture and practices like qi gong. Doctors believe that energy flows through your body and they use techniques to unblock any stuck energy making you sick. My grandpa swearsby TCM and drinks nasty herbal teas anytime he gets sick instead of taking regular medicine.Oh, and I can't forget about the Four Classic Novels of Chinese literature! They are the most famous fiction books that everybody studies and knows about. There's Journey to the West about a monkey king battling monsters and spirits. Then there's Romance of the Three Kingdoms filled with warfare and drama. Water Margin is about a rebel group of outlaws. And finally, Dream of the Red Chamber is a tragic love story. These classics have been made into tons of movies, TV shows, plays and operas over the centuries.Whew, that was a lot of awesome Chinese culture covered! I hope you found it all as fascinating as I do. China has such a deep, rich heritage going back thousands of years. I'm so lucky to be able to experience it through festivals, stories, foods and traditions. Chinese culture rocks!Let me know if you have any other questions about my amazing homeland. I'm always happy to share more wild and wacky details from the Middle Kingdom! Thanks for reading, my friends!篇3My Dear Friend,Greetings from China! I hope this letter finds you well. Today, I want to share with you the wonders of Chinese traditional culture. It's a vast and fascinating topic, but I'll do my best to give you a glimpse of its richness.Let's start with something you're probably familiar with –Chinese New Year! It's the most important festival in Chinese culture, and it's celebrated with great enthusiasm. During this time, families gather together for a big reunion dinner, exchange red envelopes (called "hongbao") filled with money as a symbol of luck, and watch spectacular fireworks displays. The whole country is filled with the sound of firecrackers and the aroma of delicious dishes like dumplings and nian gao (a sticky rice cake).Speaking of food, Chinese cuisine is a true treasure trove. Each region has its own unique flavors and specialties. From the mouth-watering Peking duck in the north to the fiery Sichuan hotpot in the southwest, there's something to tantalize every taste bud. And let's not forget the beloved dim sum – an array of small, steamed dishes like shrimp dumplings and barbecue pork buns, perfect for sharing with family and friends.Did you know that China is home to one of the oldest writing systems in the world? Chinese characters are beautiful andintricate, with each one carrying a rich history and meaning. Calligraphy, the art of writing these characters with a brush, is considered one of the highest forms of artistic expression in Chinese culture. Many calligraphers spend years perfecting their skills, creating works that are both visually stunning and deeply meaningful.Another aspect of Chinese culture that might interest you is martial arts. You've probably heard of kung fu movies with their amazing fight sequences and gravity-defying stunts. But did you know that these martial arts forms were originally developed for self-defense, physical conditioning, and spiritual cultivation? Styles like Shaolin Kung Fu, Tai Chi, and Wing Chun have been practiced for centuries and continue to be popular today.Have you ever seen a traditional Chinese garden? These tranquil oases are designed to replicate the natural world in miniature, with carefully placed rocks, water features, and meticulously pruned trees and shrubs. The goal is to create a harmonious balance between the man-made and the natural, inviting visitors to slow down and appreciate the beauty around them. Some of the most famous gardens can be found in cities like Suzhou and Hangzhou, where they have been preserved for centuries.Speaking of preservation, Chinese culture is also rich in traditional crafts and arts. From the delicate porcelain of Jingdezhen to the intricate embroidery of Suzhou, these crafts have been passed down from generation to generation, each piece a labor of love and skill. You might be familiar with Chinese silk, which has been prized for its luster and softness since ancient times. The process of creating silk, from raising silkworms to weaving the threads, is a true testament to the patience and artistry of Chinese artisans.And who could forget the Terracotta Warriors? Theselife-sized sculptures, buried for over 2,000 years, were discovered by accident in 1974 and have since become one of the most famous archaeological finds in the world. Each warrior is unique, with intricate details and expressions, standing guard over the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shi Huang.As you can see, my friend, Chinese traditional culture is a rich tapestry woven with history, art, cuisine, and philosophy. It's a heritage that has endured for millennia, shaping the lives of billions of people and leaving an indelible mark on the world.I hope this letter has piqued your curiosity and given you a taste of the wonders that await in China. Perhaps one day, you'll have the opportunity to experience it for yourself. Until then,keep exploring, keep learning, and keep an open mind – for that is the key to truly appreciating the beauty and diversity of our world.Your friend,[Your Name]篇4My Fascinating CultureHi there! My name is Xiaoming and I'm 10 years old. I was born in Beijing, the capital city of China. China is an ancient country with a rich culture that has been passed down for thousands of years. Let me tell you about some of the amazing parts of my culture!First, there are the festivals we celebrate. The biggest one is Chinese New Year. This holiday lasts for 15 days and is a time for families to get together, eat delicious food, and have fun. Before New Year's Day, we clean our homes from top to bottom to sweep away any bad luck. Then on New Year's Eve, we stay up late eating dumplings and watching the New Year's Gala show on TV. It's really exciting when the countdown gets to zero and fireworks light up the sky! Children receive red envelopes withmoney inside as a gift. During the holiday, we visit friends and family while trying not to use knives or brooms so we don't "sweep away" the good luck.Another major holiday is the Mid-Autumn Festival when we eat mooncakes and admire the full moon. The Dragon Boat Festival is neat too - we make zongzi (sticky rice dumplings wrapped in bamboo leaves) and there are dragon boat races! So many fun traditions.Speaking of food, Chinese cuisine is fantastic. You may have tried dishes like kung pao chicken, dumplings, or hot pot. But there are so many regional styles of cooking in China with unique flavors. In Beijing, we love Peking duck with crispy skin. In Sichuan, the food is spicy with tongue-tingling huājiāo (Sichuan peppercorns). Cantonese dim sum with steamed baozi (buns) and xiaolongbao (soup dumplings) is a classic. Every part of China has its own signature dishes.The written language of China is very interesting. We use logographic characters instead of an alphabet. There are thousands of them and they originated from ancient picture writing. Modern characters still resemble their origins, like 木for "tree" or 山for "mountain." Calligraphy - the art of beautiful handwriting - is highly prized. I'm learning to write with a brushpen dipped in ink on special rice paper. It's quite hard but very satisfying when I can make the characters look good.Let me tell you about some major philosophies and beliefs too. Confucianism stresses ethics, filial piety, and proper relationships between people. Taoism emphasizes living in harmony with nature and the cosmos. Buddhism came from India and teaches about enlightenment and nonviolence. These ideas influence morals, mindset, and ways of thinking.The arts and creativity are huge parts of our culture too. There's poetry, music, painting, opera, dance, acrobatics, martial arts, and more. Chinese opera costumes and masks are so colorful and ornate. Kung fu movies showcase the martial arts like wushu. Shadow puppetry is a unique storytelling tradition with intricate leather puppets against a backlit screen. We even have an ancient form of musical theatre called Kunqu that's pretty cool.Our architecture has some iconic landmarks too. The Forbidden City in Beijing was the imperial palace during the Ming and Qing dynasties. It has nearly 1,000 buildings with yellow glazed roof tiles. The Terracotta Warriors are life-size clay sculptures of soldiers that guarded an emperor's tomb over2,000 years ago. The Great Wall of China winds across mountainsand deserts for thousands of miles as an ancient defensive fortification.There's just so much about my culture's long history, customs, beliefs, arts, and achievements that make it fascinating. Concepts like yin and yang, feng shui, traditional Chinese medicine, and many inventions originated here. I could go on and on! I feel very lucky to be part of such an incredible civilization. Chinese culture is vibrant and full of wisdom to discover. I hope you found this introduction interesting!篇5My Wonderful Chinese CultureHi friends! My name is Li Ming and I'm 10 years old. I live in Beijing, the capital city of China. Today I want to tell you all about my amazing Chinese culture. Get ready to learn some really cool stuff!First, let me tell you about some of the awesome Chinese festivals we celebrate every year. The biggest one is called Chinese New Year or Spring Festival. This holiday lasts for 15 days and is a ton of fun! We decorate our houses with red lanterns, firecrackers, and scrolls with lucky sayings on them. On New Year's Eve, my whole family gets together for a hugedelicious dinner with foods like dumplings, noodles, fish, and sweet rice balls. The amazing part is that kids like me get red envelopes filled with money from our parents, grandparents, aunts and uncles! After dinner, we watch a big TV show and set off firecrackers at midnight to ring in the New Year. For the next two weeks, we visit friends and family, watch dragon dances, and eat lots of yummy snacks. Isn't that the best?Another big festival is the Mid-Autumn Festival. This one celebrates the harvest moon, which is the biggest and brightest full moon of the year. My grandparents tell me that long ago, the festival was a time to worship the moon and pray for a good harvest. Now we just use it as an excuse to get together and eat mooncakes! Mooncakes are these round pastries filled with lotus seed paste or sweet bean fillings. They are supposed to look like the full moon. We also carry lanterns at night and look for the moon rabbit! Speaking of rabbits, have you heard the legend of Chang'e, the Chinese goddess who lives on the moon? I can tell you that story another time.In addition to celebrations, Chinese culture is also famous for its amazing arts and crafts. One of the oldest arts is calligraphy, which uses a special brush to paint beautiful Chinese characters. My dad is really talented at calligraphy and he taughtme how to do it. It's actually quite hard to get the brush strokes looking nice and flowing smoothly! Another classic art form is paper cutting, where people cut out delicate designs from red paper. The designs usually show images of luck and happiness like flowers, birds, or dragons. I made a paper cutting for my mom on Mother's Day last year and she loved it!Some other famous Chinese arts include silk embroidery, jade carving, kite making, pottery and of course kung fu! Kung fu movies with all the cool kicking and fighting skills are popular worldwide. But did you know that kung fu was originally created as a form of exercise and meditation? It combines martial arts movements with breathing techniques and mindfulness. I just started taking kung fu lessons and it's a lot harder than it looks on TV! My sifu (master) says I need to practice patience and discipline.I could go on and on about traditional Chinese culture, but I'll stop here so I don't make this letter too long. Let me just say one last thing - I feel so lucky and proud to be Chinese. Our civilization dates back over 5,000 years! We've given the world so many incredible inventions like paper, the compass, gunpowder, and printing. Chinese philosophers like Confucius taught ideasabout ethics, relationships, and good government that are still studied today.China is a modern country now too, but we will always cherish and celebrate our long, rich culture and history. I hope you've learned a little bit about what makes Chinese culture so special. Let me know if you have any other questions - I'd love to share more! Thanks for letting me tell you about my heritage.Your friend,Li Ming篇6My Wonderful Chinese CultureHi friends! My name is Xiaoming and I'm 10 years old. I live in Beijing, the capital city of China. Today I want to tell you all about my amazing Chinese culture. Get ready to learn some really cool stuff!First, let me tell you about our awesome Chinese festivals. We have so many fun celebrations throughout the year! The biggest one is called Chinese New Year or Spring Festival. This lasts for 15 days and is a time for family reunions, feasting, fireworks, and giving red envelopes with money inside. Myfavorite part is watching the incredible lion and dragon dances performed by acrobats.Another big festival is the Mid-Autumn Festival when we eat delicious mooncakes and admire the bright full moon. For the Qingming Festival in spring, families visit and clean the graves of their ancestors. And during the Dragon Boat Festival, we eat sticky rice dumplings and watch intense dragon boat races!Speaking of food, Chinese cuisine is out of this world! We have so many flavorful dishes from different regions. My favorite is hands down Peking roast duck from Beijing - the crispy skin is amazing! Other yummy foods are dumplings, noodles, steamed buns, hotpot, and dim sum. Chinese food uses a lot of rice, noodles, veggies, and sauces like soy sauce. Don't even get me started on desserts - egg tarts, sweet soups, and those tasty mooncakes I mentioned!Our traditional clothing is really elegant too. The qipao or cheongsam dress is beautiful with its fancy patterns and a high collar. Men can wear the traditional silk suit called a tangzhuang. Kids love putting on new clothes during Chinese New Year. I feel so proper when I wear a tangzhuang!Chinese arts and crafts are incredibly intricate and pretty. Chinese calligraphy using ink and brushes is very difficult butlooks so flowing and graceful. Artists have made stunning pottery, jade carvings, embroidery, and silk paintings for thousands of years. I love browsing the craft markets with my parents to admire all the detailed work.One of the oldest parts of our culture is traditional Chinese medicine. It uses natural herbs, roots, acupuncture with tiny needles, and practices like Tai Chi to help heal people. I haven't tried acupuncture yet but I do drink herbal tea when I'm sick. I think it really helps! Ancient Chinese philosophers like Confucius and Laozi founded belief systems that many still follow today too.Our architecture is pretty awesome as well, especially all the palaces, temples, and gardens. The Forbidden City in Beijing was the grand palace for 24 emperors over almost 500 years! It has over 9000 rooms and decades of history. I really enjoy walking through the traditional gardens with friends and family. They have beautiful ponds, bridges, rock formations, and pavilions.Let me tell you a little about our performing arts as well. I love watching the mesmerizing movements of Beijing Opera with its decorated costumes and masks. Other traditional operas include Cantonese opera and Kunqu opera. These date back hundreds of years! Puppetry like hand puppets and shadowpuppets are popular too. Many of the stories act out ancient myths and legends.For music, we have unique instruments unlike anything else on Earth. The guqin is a super old 7-string zither that makes a beautiful, peaceful sound. I just started learning the erhu, a2-string violin that is played upright. Its high pitch gives me chills! The dizi is a type of bamboo flute and the pipa is a pear-shaped lute. Our traditional songs and melodies have existed for centuries.As you can probably tell, I love my Chinese heritage! We have such a deep, rich culture dating back over 5000 years. From our diverse regional foods and stunning arts to our long history of innovation and ancient philosophy and traditions - everything is so special. We Chinese people are really proud of our impressive cultural achievements over many millennia. I hope you enjoyed learning about my wonderful culture. Let me know if you have any other questions!。
On_Display
78MAY · 2O13ON DISPLAY BeijingWang XingweiMay 19 – August 18, 2013Ullens Center for Contemporary Art (UCCA)UCCA launched a large retrospective of work by Wang Xingwei, regarded as one of China’s most mature and influen -tial contemporary painters. Fol-lowing the quirky and sensitive nature of his work, the exhibition is organized neither chronological-ly nor by theme, but rather by the relationship between the content and the canvas. So, the exhibition, featuring nearly a third of his total work since 1991, is categorized as frontal, rear, lateral and profile.Earth, Sea, and Sky: Nature in Western Art – Masterpieces from the Met-ropolitan Museum of ArtFebruary 1 – May 9, 2013National Museum of ChinaThis exhibition marks the first trip to China for art housed in New York’s Metro -politan Museum of Art. Dating from the third millennium B.C. to the 20th Century, the 127 pieces trace the long development of Western art. Themed on ‘nature,’ the exhibits include paintings, sculptures, photographs and abroad range of decorative arts from immortal masters such as Rembrandt, Monet, Renoirand Van Gogh.by Wang XingweiCopyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.79C H I N A P I C T O R I A LNew YorkShanghaiZhang XiaogangMarch 29 – April 27, 2013Pace Gallery (New York)Zhang Xiaogang, born in 1958 in Kunming, capital of Yunnan Province, graduated from Sichuan Institute of Fine Arts in 1982, and now lives in Beijing. His contemporary classic work explores both individual and collective Chinese memories of the “cultural revolution.” The exhibition featured Zhang Xiaogang’s first series of painted bronzes, some of which reach 1.7 meters tall. Flavored with iconic images of the “cultural revolution,” the sculptures comple-ment his paintings, invigorated with youth and idealism.Quest – Gao Xiaowu Mimesis – Joyce HoApril 26 – June 7, 2013Museum of Contemporary Art, ShanghaiAlready well-known on the Chinese mainland, Gao Xiaowu has veered away from his previous work in both form and concept with his latest sculptures, which tend towards humanistic concern in connotation and are displayed as part of a large installation. This exhibition includes an unprecedented volume of his sculptures.An emerging artist, Joyce Ho from Taiwan expresses observations about ‘mimesis’ through her paintings and installations. Ho moved to the United States from Taiwan when she was 14 years old. Such great independence at such a young age makes her work seem free fromconstraint, but also unsettling. Her early experience made a huge impact on her life as well as her work. By using a luminescent palette to create a theater atmosphere, she creates a conscious state that is balanced on the surface, but perpetually unstable from a feminist perspective.Hidden Land – Shangjuanzu Villagers and Artists’ Image ExperimentApril 8 – 28, 2013Today Art MuseumShangjuanzu is made up of a group of families from Yangzhuang Village, Shagou Township of Xiji County of the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The village has been scheduled for ecological migration. The entire population will relocate to flatlands in 2013. The exhibition includes 2,600 pictures. Some images were captured by local peasants, many using cameras for the first time in their lives. The land was their and their ancestors’ homeland, so they documented it with special passion. Other pictures were snapped by profes-sional artists from various backgrounds. The exhibition is a collective depiction and multi-faceted visual documentary ofa group of people living under extraordinary conditions.by Joyce Hoby Zhang XiaogangCopyright ©博看网. All Rights Reserved.INFOWarm Gathering for Mother’sDay at Swissotel BeijingThe best treat for your mom!Swissotel Beijing cordially invites you tocelebrate this day at our Café Swiss with “yourmom”. Share this special moment with her, whilesavoring the delicacies. This will be an unforget-table memory for your loving mom.You can also book a cake for your mom.Date: 12 May, 2013 (Sunday)Venue: Café SwissTime: 11:30am – 2:30pmPrice: RMB 238.00 per person for lunch buffet*All above prices are inclusive 15% service chargePromotion: 50% discount for “Cake reservation” (One day advanced booking required)For more information and reservations:(86 10) 65532288-2127 orE-mailto:********************************Gloria Hotels & Resorts Honored China Hotel Starlight Award “Best Hotel Management Group of China” and Golden Horse Award “China Top 10 Best Hotel Management Company”Gloria Hotels & Resorts was recently honored with the China Hotel Starlight Awards for “Best Hotel Management Group of China” and the Golden Horse Award for “China Top 10 Best Hotel Management Company”.Gloria Hotels & Resortsis a hotel development andmanagement company, whichhas expanded coverage allover China and Japan dur-ing its 20-year development.Under its current fast develop-ment mode, the group willbe adding another 20 newproperties in China underits portfolio within the next12 – 18 months. The awardswill definitely spur the groupto even greater heights in itsfuture expansion plans.A Taste of TraditionThe sumptuous lunch and dinner buffets at Aroma have an addedseasonal treat this May — traditional cold beannoodles, one of Shanghai's most popular andclassic dishes. Enjoy our silky noodles with sea-food, mixed mushrooms, poached sliced beef,rich and hearty pork belly or the finest slicedchicken. This piece of Shanghai's culinary his-tory will be available every evening at dinnerthroughout May and at lunch at weekends, too.The buffet includes free-flow Baron Philippe deRothschild wines, just to add a little magic tothe occasion.For more information or inquiries, pleasecontact (86 21) 6393 1234 ext. 6325.Sheraton Shanghai WaigaoqiaoHotel's New LaurelSheraton Shanghai Waigaoqiao Hotel recently has taken the crown as “13th Golden Horse Award of China Hotel & The Most Promising New Opening Hotel” issued by China Hotel Industry Annual Meeting Organiz-ing Committee. (Photo: Mr. Depesh Seth, General Manager of Sheraton Shanghai Waigaoqiao Hotel)Golden Horse award of China Hotel, following the combined selec-tion criteria of the hotel industry and readers, takes Five-Star Hotels in Shanghai-centered East China as the main target, referring to standardsfor high-end hotels in other regions. Using unan-nounced visitors to comprehensively audit hotelservice and facilities, and with readers’ evaluationas a supplement, the committee grants all awardsobjectively, professionally, authoritatively andimpartially. “Winning this prestigious award is agreat honor for us. This award, placing readers’and guests’ expectations on our hotel, encour-ages us to continuously pass Sheraton Core Valueand make the effort to be an outstanding hotelof guests’ first choice,” said by Mr. Depesh Seth,General Manager of Sheraton Shanghai Waigao-qiao Hotel.Weekend Getaway in SheratonShanghai Waigaoqiao HotelHave a two night minimum stayon weekends in our spacious and com-fortable deluxe rooms with RMB 998per room per night. Treat yourself to asumptuous buffet in Bay Leaf, dine inthe stylish YUE for the authentic Can-tonese Cuisine, or savour a feast that hascombined the modern flavor with a twistat Miyabi. Enjoy all of these delightson Weekend Getaway’s food voucherwhich is worth RMB 1996 per stay. Validity from 8 March till 31 August 2013. For more information or inquiries, please contact (86 21) 3121 9999.Balinese BlissEncompassing one of South-East Asia's richest massage cultures, Ba-linese massage is a technique long believed to jump-start the metabolism,encouraging it to rid the body of toxins,which is precisely what all hard-working,hard-playing bodies need after a Shang-hai winter. Our therapists use theirforearms and elbows to work out everylittle kink, and incorporate aromatic oilsto boost your energy levels. We top thistreatment package off with a 30-minutearomatic massage, just to crown you withan extra garland of bliss.CNY 980 for a 60-minute Balinesemassage plus a 30-minute aromaticmassage.For more information or inquiries,please contact (86 21) 6393 1234 ext. 6527.Featured above is Jean Liu (second right),Assistant Marcom Manager, Gloria Hotels& Resorts, receiving the awards.Copyright©博看网. All Rights Reserved.80MAY · 2O13。
高中英语作文太极拳
高中英语作文太极拳Tai Chi is an ancient Chinese internal martial art system, which bines profound principles, theories and martial art techniques. The slow, soft and continuously flowing movements appear mysterious on the surface. However, it is the cultivation of one's internal energy, mind and the physical body that make it so unique and challenging. T o generate relaxation, Tai Chi practice requires a deep level of concentration and a focused mind, thus allowing the mind to lead and guide the body's energy. Tai Chi is not only a martial art, but has also been widely acknowledged as being an effective health exercise. Whether Tai Chi is practiced for health, as athletic sport or martial art it takes time, patience and qualitative practice to develop Tai Chi's internal properties. To achieve a high standard in Tai Chi training is a highly plex process. tai chi originated in ancient cavalry of mark *** anship, long-handled large blade. the basic usage is: open, or, the. stilt walking to the use of rifles, long-handled broadsword, you can easily understand the characteristics of tai chi. the cavalry high is the basic method of simulation training. by contrast, ancient shaolin fist infantry mark *** anship, blade, stilt walking, the simply can not drill shaolin boxing, tai chi exercises only. big horse food, beans, wheat straw needs, so a *** all number of cavalry, the cavalry killing little more surgery on the circulation. in contrast, shaolin school of infantry killing spread on a wide range of operation, forming a "world of shaolin kung fu."。
西安兵马俑英文介绍
Terracotta ArmyJump to: navigation, searchMausoleum of the First Qin Emperor*UNESCO World Heritage SiteState PartyTypeCriteriaReferenceRegion**ChinaCulturali, iii, iv, vi441Asia-PacificInscription historyInscription1987 (11th Session)* Name as inscribed on World Heritage List.** Region as classified by UNESCO.The Terracotta Army (simplified Chinese: 兵马俑; traditional Chinese: 兵馬俑; pinyin: bīngmǎ yǒng; literally "soldier and horse funerary statues") is the Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang the First Emperor of China. The terracotta figures, dating from 210 BC, were discovered in 1974 by some local farmers near Xi'an, Shaanxi province, China near the Mausouleum of the First Qin Emperor. (Chinese: 秦始皇陵; pinyin: Qín Shǐhuáng Líng). The figures vary in height (183–195 cm - 6 ft–6 ft 5in), according to their role, the tallest being the generals. The figures include warriors, chariots, horses, officials, acrobats, strongmen, and musicians. Current estimates are that in the three pits containing the Terracotta Army there were over 8,000 soldiers, 130 chariots with 520 horses and 150 cavalry horses, the majority of which are still buried inthe pits.[1] Many archeologists believe that there are many pits still waiting to be discovered.Contents[hide]•••••••••1 Introduction2 Construction3 The pits4 British Museum exhibition5 In popular culture6 Gallery7 Notes8 Bibliography9 External links[edit] IntroductionView of the largest excavation pit of the Terracotta ArmyThe Terracotta Army was discovered in 1974 in the eastern suburbs of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province by local farmers drilling a water well 1.5 miles east of Lishan (a mountain).[2] This discovery prompted archaeologists to go to Shaanxi Province, China to investigate. The Terracotta Army is a form of funerary art buried with the First Emperor of Qin (Qin Shi Huang, "shi huang" means the first emperor) in 210-209 BC. (He declared himself the first emperor of China in 221 BCE.) Their purpose was to help rule another empirewith Shi Huang Di in the afterlife. Consequently, they are also sometimes referred to as "Qin's Armies."The material to make the terracotta warriors originated on Mount Lishan. In addition to the warriors, an entire man-made necropolis for the emperor has been excavated.According to historian Sima Qian (145-90 BC), construction of this mausoleum began in 246 BC and involved 700,000 workers. Qin Shi Huang was 13 when construction began. He specifically stated that no two soldiers were to be made alike, which is most likely why he had construction started at that young age. Sima Qian, in his most famous work, Shiji, completed a century after the mausoleum completion, wrote that the First Emperor was buried with palaces, scenic towers, officials, valuable utensils and "wonderful objects," with 100 rivers fashioned in mercury and above this heavenly bodies below which he wrote were "the features of the earth." Some translations of this passage refer to "models" or "imitations," but he does not use those words.[3]Recent scientific work at the site has shown high levels of mercury in the soil on and around Mount Lishan, appearing to add credence to Sima Qian's writings. The tomb of Shi Huang Di is under an earthen pyramid 76 meters tall and nearly 350 square meters. The tomb remains unopened, in the hope that it will remain intact. Archeologists are afraid that if they do excavate the tomb, they might damage some of the valuables buried with emperor Qin Shi Huang. Only a portion of the site is presently excavated, and photos and video recordings are prohibited in some areas of the viewing. Only few foreigners such as Queen Elizabeth II have walked through the pits, side by side to the army. [4]Qin Shi Huang’s necropolis complex was constructed to serve as an imperial compound or palace. It comprises several offices, halls and other structures and is surrounded by a wall with gateway entrances. It was also said[citation needed] as a legend that the terracotta warriors were real soldiers, buried with Emperor Qin so that they could defend him from any dangers in the next life.[edit] ConstructionThe terracotta figures were manufactured both in workshops by government laborers and also by local craftsmen. The head, arms, legs and torsos were created separately and then assembled. Studies show that eight face moulds were most likely used, and then clay was added to provide individual facial features.[5] Once assembled, intricate features such as facial expressions were added. It is believed that their legs were made in much the same way that terracotta drainage pipes were manufactured at the time. This would make it an assembly line production, with specific parts manufactured and assembled after being fired, as opposed to crafting one solid piece of terracotta and subsequently firing it. In those days, each workshop was required to inscribe its name on items produced to ensure quality control. This has aided modern historians in verifying that workshops that once made tiles and other mundane items were commandeered to work on the terracotta army. Upon completion, the terracotta figures were placed in the pits in precise military formation according to rank and duty.The terracotta figures are life-like and life-sized. They vary in height, uniform and hairstyle in accordance with rank. The colored lacquer finish, individual facial features, and actual weapons and armor from battle used in manufacturing these figures created a realistic appearance. The original weapons were stolen by robbers shortly after the creation of the army and the coloring has faded greatly. However, their existence serves as a testament to the amount of labor and skill involved in their construction. It also reveals the power the First Emperor possessed, enabling him to command such a monumental undertaking.[edit] The pitsThe four pits associated with the dig are about 1.5 km east of the burial ground and are about 7 meters deep. The outside walls of the tomb complex are as if placed there to protect the tomb from the east, where all the conquered states lay. They are solidly built with rammed earth walls and ground layers as hard as concrete. Pit one, 230 meters long, contains the main army, estimated at 8,000 figures. Pit One has 11 corridors, most of which are over 3 meters wide, and paved with small bricks with a wooden ceiling supported by large beams and posts. This design was also used for the tombs of noblemen and would have resembled palace hallways. The wooden ceilings were covered with reed mats and layers of clay for waterproofing, and then mounded with more soil making them, when built, about 2 to 3 meters higher than ground level.[6] Pit two has cavalry and infantry units as well as war chariots, and is thought to represent a military guard. Pit three is the command post, with high ranking officers and a war chariot. Pit four is empty, seemingly left unfinished by its builders.[edit] British Museum exhibitionA set piece of 120 objects from the mausoleum and 20 terracotta warriors were displayed at the British Museum in London as its special exhibition "The First Emperor: China'sRanks of terracottaTerracotta Army" from September 13, 2007 to April 2008.[7] This Terracotta Army exhibition made 2008 the British Museum's most successful year ever, and made the British Museum the United Kingdom's top cultural attraction between 2007-08.[8][9] The exhibition also brought in the most visitors to the British Museum since the King Tutankhamun exhibition in 1972.[8] It was reported that the initial batch of pre-bookable tickets to the Terracotta Army exhibition sold out so fast that the museum extended the exhibition until midnight on Thursdays to Sundays.[10] According to The Times , many people had to be turned away from the exhibition, despite viewings until midnight,[11] and during the day of events to mark the Chinese new year, the crush was so intense that the gates to the museum had to be shut.[11] The Terracotta Army has been described as the only other set of historic artifacts (along with the remnants of ruins of the Titanic ) which can draw a crowd simply on the back of the name alone.[10][edit ] In popular culture ••••••The Terracotta Army was featured in a 1992 episode of Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? In 2004 the Terracotta Army was visited by the contestants competing on Season 6 of The Amazing Race . In 2005 film The Myth , the mausoleum was raided and revealed to be a huge anti- gravity field complete with floating armies and mock palace. The Terracotta Army was replicated in the 2008 movie The Mummy: Tomb of the Dragon Emperor . In Lionhead Studio's Fable II, Terry Cotter's Army, a spoof of the Terracotta Army, can be found behind a "Demon Door." The game The Sims 3 has an expansion pack The Sims 3: World Adventures that has soldiers, horses and chariots from the Terracotta Army in the China vacation destination.[edit ] GalleryA rank of soldiers. One of the soldiers on the left is missing his head, a result of thefact that the statueswere made in piecesand then assembled. Note how the faces ofthese two soldiers differfrom each other. Each statue was constructed An officer statue infantrymen to be unique.his mountThe Terracotta Warriorswere once painted. Today only a handful ofA cavalryman andThe warriors were statues contain small once highly coloured amounts of paint. Alsonotice the detail putinto the soles of theThe statues include many of the different military units in the Emperor's army at the time. Here we see a four horse war chariot with mounts.warrior's shoes.[edit ] Notes 1. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan, The First Emperor : China's Terra Cotta Army,British Museum Press, 2007, p. 1672. ^ The precise coordinates are 109.2731083°E Coordinates : 34°23′5.71″N 109°16′23.19″E34.3849194°N 34°23′5.71″N 109°16′23.19″E34.3849194°N 109.2731083°E ) 3. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan,The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army, British Museum Press , 2007, p. 174. ^ The Mausoleum of the First Emperor of the Qin Dynasty and Terracotta Warriors and Horses5. ^ Jane Portal and Qingdao Dan, The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Arm, British Museum Press, 2007, p. 1706. ^ Jane Portal and Qingbo Duan, The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Arm, British Museum Press, 2007, pp260-1677. ^ The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army . The British Museum8. ^ a b "Terracotta army makes British Museum favorite attraction". The Guardian . 2008-07-02. /artanddesign/2008/jul/02/design.heritage .9. ^ "British Museum sees its most successful year ever". Best Western . 2008-07-03. /Editorial-News/Article/British-Museum-sees-its- most-successful-year-ever-401.aspx .10. ^ a b "The First Emperor: China’s Terracotta Army (Bri tish Museum)". Great Exhibitions. 2008-02-09. /blog/the-first- emperor-chinas-terracotta-army-british-museum/.11. ^ a b "Is the British Museum the greatest museum on earth?". The Times . 2008-07- 09. /tol/arts_and_entertainment/visual_arts/artic le4296037.ece .[edit ] Bibliography• • • • • Debainne-Francfort, Corrine (1999). The Search for Ancient China. Discoveries. New York: Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 9780810928503.Dillon, Michael (1998). China: A Historical and Cultural Dictionary. Durham East Asia series. Richmond, Surrey: Curzon. ISBN 9780700704392. Kinoshita, Hiromi (2007). Jane Portal. ed. The First Emperor: China's Terracotta Army. London: British Museum. ISBN 9780714124476.Ledderose, Lothar (2000). "A Magic Army for the Emperor". Ten Thousand Things: Module and Mass Production in Chinese Art. The A.W. Mellon Lectures in the Fine Arts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN 9780691009575. Perkins, Dorothy (1999). Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 9780816043743.。
跆拳道英文介绍
Taekwondo IntroductionIntroductionTaekwondo, which means “the way of the foot and fist,” is a Korean martial art known for its emphasis on fast, powerful kicks and punches. It is not only a sport but also a form of self-defense and philosophy. In this article, we will explore the history, techniques, benefits, and principles of Taekwondo.HistoryOrigins1.Taekwondo has its roots in ancient Korean martial arts, datingback over 2,000 years.2.It was influenced by Chinese martial arts such as Taekkyon andKung Fu, as well as the indigenous Korean martial art known asSubak.Development1.Taekwondo began to take its modern form in the 1940s and 1950s,following the end of the Japanese occupation of Korea.2.It was officially recognized as a martial art in 1955 and gainedinternational recognition in the following decades.3.The World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) was established in 1973 togovern the sport globally.TechniquesKicks1.Taekwondo is renowned for its dynamic and high-flying kicks.2.Some of the commonly used kicks include:–Front kick–Roundhouse kick–Sidekick–Hook kick–Axe kickStrikes1.Taekwondo practitioners also utilize various hand strikes for bothoffensive and defensive purposes.2.Some of the striking techniques include:–Punches–Knifehand strikes–Elbow strikesForms (Poomsae)1.Taekwondo forms, known as poomsae, are a series of predeterminedmovements that simulate combat scenarios.2.Practicing forms helps improve technique, balance, and focus.Sparring1.Taekwondo sparring, known as kyorugi, involves controlled full-contact combat between two practitioners.2.The objective is to score points by executing precise kicks andpunches on the opponent’s scoring areas.Benefits of Taekwondo1.Physical Fitness:–Taekwondo is a highly demanding sport that improvescardiovascular fitness and muscular strength.–Continuous practice enhances flexibility, agility, and coordination.2.Self-Defense:–Taekwondo equips individuals with effective self-defense techniques, teaching them to defend themselves againstpotential threats.3.Mental Discipline:–Taekwondo emphasizes discipline and self-control, fostering mental strength and resilience.–Practitioners learn to focus their minds, developconcentration, and overcome challenges.4.Self-Confidence:–Training in Taekwondo builds self-confidence and self-esteem.–Achieving new belt ranks and mastering techniques instills a sense of accomplishment and boosts self-confidence.Principles of TaekwondoCourtesy (Ye Ui)1.Taekwondo emphasizes showing respect for oneself and others.2.Practitioners are taught to bow to instructors and fellow studentsas a sign of respect.Integrity (Yom Chi)1.Practitioners are encouraged to be honest and have strong moralprinciples.2.Upholding integrity is fundamental to the practice of Taekwondo.Perseverance (In Nae)1.Taekwondo teaches the value of perseverance and determination.2.Practitioners learn to overcome obstacles and setbacks, both intraining and in life.Self-Control (Guk Gi)1.Practicing self-control is crucial in Taekwondo.2.It involves mastering emotions, maintaining calmness even inchallenging situations, and avoiding unnecessary violence.Indomitable Spirit (Baekjul Boolgool)1.Taekwondo promotes an indomitable spirit, encouragingpractitioners to never give up.2.It instills mental toughness and the ability to face adversitywith courage and determination.Taekwondo is more than just a sport or a martial art. It is a way of life that encompasses physical, mental, and moral aspects. Through its techniques, principles, and philosophy, Taekwondo aims to develop well-rounded individuals who can achieve self-improvement and contribute positively to society.。
文化及中国文化理论概述
文化及中国文化理论概述文化及中国文化理论综述周雨第一部分文化的概念一、文化的定义1．泰勒（1871）：文化或文明是一个复杂的整体，它包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、伦理道德、风俗和作为社会成员的人通过学习而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。
2．帕克和伯吉斯（1921）：一个群体的文化指这一群体所生活的社会遗传结构的总和，这些社会遗传结构又因这一群人特定的历史生活和种族特点而获得其社会意义。
3．威斯勒（1929）：某个社会或部落所遵循的生活方式被称作文化，它包括所有标准化的社会传统行为。
部落文化是该部落的人所遵循的共同信仰和传统行为的总和。
4．斯莫尔（1905）：文化是指某一特定时期的人们为试图达到他们的目的而使用的技术、机械、智力和精神才能的总和。
“文化”包括人类为达到个人或社会目的所采用的方法手段。
5．威利（1929）：文化是一个反应行为的相互关联和相互依赖的习惯模式系统。
6．亨廷顿（1945）：我们所说的文化是指人类生产或创造的，而后传给其他人，特别是传给下一代人的每一件物品、习惯、观念、制度、思维模式和行为模式。
7．《词海》：“文化”一词有三种含义：一、从广义上说，文化是指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和；二、从狭义上讲，文化是指社会的意识形态，以及与之相适应的制度和组织机构。
其二，范指一般知识，包括语文知识在内。
其三，指中国古代封建王朝所实施的文治和教化的总称。
8．梁漱溟：文化，就是吾人生活所依靠之一切。
俗常以文字、文学、思想、学术、教育、出版等为文化，乃是狭义的。
文化之本义，应在经济、政治、乃至一切无所不包。
9．张岱年、方克立：广义的文化，着眼于人类与一般动物、人类社会与自然界的本质区别，着眼于人类卓立于自然的独特生产方式，其涵盖面非常广泛，所以又被称作“大文化”。
狭义的文化，排除人类社会—历史生活中关于物质创造活动及其结果的部分，专注于精神创造活动及其结果，所以又被称作“小文化”。
中国历史文化概况(英文版)Unit 11 Chinese Opera and Martial Arts[精]
![中国历史文化概况(英文版)Unit 11 Chinese Opera and Martial Arts[精]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/eb0fc293ba0d4a7303763a41.png)
Shao lin and temple-based martial arts
The Shaolin style of wushu is regarded as amongst the first institutionalized Chinese martial arts.
References of martial arts practice in Shaolin appear in various literary genres of the late Ming: the epitaphs of Shaolin warrior monks, martial-arts manuals, military encyclopedias, historical writings, travelogues, fiction and poetry.
The characteristic of Beijing Opera
Beijing Opera combines many art forms. Apart from singing and recitation, it includes traditional Chinese music, poetry, dancing, pantomime, elaborate costumes and make-up, acrobatics and martial arts. It has nothing in common with the opera or operettas of the West, and it is much more than mere opera or operettas in the usual sense.
The Dilemma of Beijing Opera Today
中国传统文化 功夫 英文讲稿
It is a perfect combination of martial arts and film. “江湖里卧虎藏龙，人心里又岂不是” –I think it is a philosophical saying.
The martial arts. Chinese martial arts is the ancient tradition of a traditional ethnic sports is our country school sports is an important part in the teaching plays an important position.
Slave society period
• Xia dynasty • continuous war • in order to adapt to the needs of actual combat • practical, standardized development • Shang and Zhou dynasties • produced taiji theory • establish the Chinese martial arts system
Chinese Martial Arts
Kung Fu
Introduced from four aspects
• • • • Simple Introduction to Kung Fu History of Kung fu Kung fu Films The influence of Kung fu
Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon《 卧虎藏龙》
Director:
Ang lee
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• In the Tang Dynasty, descriptions of sword dances were immortalized in poems by Li Bai. In the Song and Yuan dynasties, xiangpu (相 扑, a predecessor of sumo) contests were sponsored by the imperial courts. The modern concepts of wushu were fully developed by the Ming and Qing dynasties.
• In 509 BCE, Confucius suggested to Duke Ding of Lu (鲁定公) that people practice the martial arts as well as the literary arts; thus, martial arts began to be practiced by laypeople outside the military and or religious sects. A combat wrestling system called juélìor jiǎolì(角力) is mentioned in the Classic of Rites (《礼记》).
• Classification of Wushu --- Wushu is classified Wushu by one of the Three Martial Methods: Arts • Internal or External styles • Southern or Northern styles • Shaolin, Ermei or Wudang styles
Wushu Martial Arts
• Shaolin, Ermei or Wudang styles • Shaolin boxing style: the form of fighting practiced at the Shaolin Temple in Henan Province.
Wushu Martial Arts
• The oldest evidence of Shaolin participation in combat is a stele from 728 CE that attests to two occasions: a defense of the Shaolin Monastery from bandits around 610 CE, and their subsequent role in the defeat of Wang Shichong （王世充）at the Battle of Hulao （虎牢关之战）in 621 CE.
• With regards to the Shaolin （少林）style of wushu, it is regarded as the first institutionalised Chinese martial art.
Shaolin
Shaolin Kung fu is considered the biggest faction（流派） in history.Its birthplace, shaolin temple, is located on Song Shan mountain in henan province, where is the military commander battleground. Therefore, the wind of ancient warriors is rife. Dharma (达摩)is considered the father of China Buddhism; some historians think that dharma is the founder of shaolin kung fu.
• Shǒubó (手搏), practiced during the Shang dynasty (1766–1066 BCE), and Xiang Bo (相博,similar to Sanda) from the 7th Century BCE, are two examples of ancient Chinese martial arts.
• Wrestling is also documented in the Shǐ Jì（《史记》, Records of the Grand Historian, written by Sima Qia Grand Historian
• The 130 volumes (i.e. scrolls, now usually called "chapters") • 12 volumes of Benji (本紀) or "Imperial Biographies", contain the biographies of all prominent rulers from the Yellow Emperor to Qin Shi Huang. • 10 volumes of Biao (表) or "Tables", are timelines of events. • 8 volumes of Shu (書) or "Treatises", treat of economics and other topics of the time. • 30 volumes of Shijia (世家) or "Biographies of the Feudal Houses and Eminent Persons", contain biographies of notable rulers. • 70 volumes of Liezhuan (列傳) or "Biographies and Collective Biographies", contain biographies of important individual figures including Laozi, Mozi, Sun Tzu, and Jing Ke.
Shaolin Monastery
• From the 8th to the 15th centuries, there are no extant documents that provide evidence of Shaolin participation in combat.
• Between the 16th and 17th centuries there are at least forty extant sources which provided evidence that, not only did monks of Shaolin practice martial arts, but martial practice had become such an integral element of Shaolin monastic life that the monks felt the need to justify it by creating new Buddhist lore.
Wushu Martial Arts
• Internal or External styles • Internal Style: strength is from the torso and legs • External Style: strength is derived from training of the more specific arm and leg muscles
Wushu Martial Arts
• Southern or Northern styles --- the general origin of the schools of Wushu in China • Northern Styles: hard, external and linear in their movement. • Southern Styles: soft, internal, circular and flashy in their movement.
The practice of Jiao li in the Zhou Dynasty was recorded in the Classic of Rites[3]
A fighter preparing to throw his opponent from the lei tai
• Jiao Di （角抵）became a sport during the Qin Dynasty (221–207 BCE). The Han History Bibliographies (汉书) record that, by the Former Han (前汉, 206 BCE – 8 CE), there was a distinction between no-holds-barred weaponless fighting, which it calls shǒubó (手搏), for which “how-to” manuals had already been written, and sportive wrestling, then known as juélìor jiǎolì(角力).
• Ermei: a significant mountain with Buddhist temples in Sichuan Province • Wudang: the name of a mountain used by Taoists in Hubei Province.
Shaolin Martial Arts