JNSA-IDP Authorization Exam with answers

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认证（authentication）和授权（authorization）的区别

认证（authentication）和授权（authorization）的区别以前⼀直傻傻分不清各种⽹际应⽤中 authentication 和 authorization, 其实很简单:这两个术语通常在安全性⽅⾯相互结合使⽤，尤其是在获得对系统的访问权限时。

两者都是⾮常重要的主题，通常与⽹络相关联，作为其服务基础架构的关键部分。

然⽽，这两个术语在完全不同的概念上是⾮常不同的。

虽然它们通常使⽤相同的⼯具在相同的上下⽂中使⽤，但它们彼此完全不同。

⾝份验证意味着确认您⾃⼰的⾝份，⽽授权意味着授予对系统的访问权限。

简单来说，⾝份验证是验证您的⾝份的过程，⽽授权是验证您有权访问的过程。

认证⾝份验证是关于验证您的凭据，如⽤户名/⽤户ID和密码，以验证您的⾝份。

系统确定您是否就是您所说的使⽤凭据。

在公共和专⽤⽹络中，系统通过登录密码验证⽤户⾝份。

⾝份验证通常通过⽤户名和密码完成，有时与⾝份验证因素结合使⽤，后者指的是各种⾝份验证⽅式。

⾝份验证因素决定了系统在授予访问⽂件和请求银⾏交易之外的任何内容之前验证某⼈⾝份的各种要素。

⽤户的⾝份可以通过他所知道的，他拥有的或者他是什么来确定。

在安全性⽅⾯，必须⾄少验证两个或所有三个⾝份验证因素，以便授予某⼈访问系统的权限。

根据安全级别，⾝份验证因素可能与以下之⼀不同：单因素⾝份验证 - 这是最简单的⾝份验证⽅法，通常依赖于简单的密码来授予⽤户对特定系统（如⽹站或⽹络）的访问权限。

此⼈可以仅使⽤其中⼀个凭据请求访问系统以验证其⾝份。

单因素⾝份验证的最常见⽰例是登录凭据，其仅需要针对⽤户名的密码。

双因素⾝份验证 - 顾名思义，它是⼀个两步验证过程，不仅需要⽤户名和密码，还需要⽤户知道的东西，以确保更⾼级别的安全性，例如ATM引脚，⽤户知道。

使⽤⽤户名和密码以及额外的机密信息，欺诈者⼏乎不可能窃取有价值的数据。

多重⾝份验证 - 这是最先进的⾝份验证⽅法，它使⽤来⾃独⽴⾝份验证类别的两个或更多级别的安全性来授予⽤户对系统的访问权限。

jn0-130考试指南

jn0-130考试资料juniper networks certified internet specialist.e(jncis-e)科目编号：jn0-130科目名称：juniper networks certified internet specialist.e(jncis-e)考试形式：笔试Administered at Prometric testing centers worldwide考试时间: 90 分钟题型: 60个多选通过成绩: 70%相关认证：JNCISjn0-130 考试是Juniper Networks 公司的juniper networks certified internet specialist.e(jncis-e) 认证考试官方代号，juniper networks certified internet specialist.e(jncis-e) 认证作为全球IT领域专家Juniper Networks 热门认证之一，是许多大中IT企业选择人才标准的必备条件。

jn0-130考试概述：The JNCIS-E exam is designed for networking professionals with advanced knowledge of, and experience with, the Juniper Networks E-series platforms. The JNCIS-E exam tests for a wider and deeper level of knowledge than does the JNCIA-E exam. Sources of question content include the E-series platforms documentation set, on the job product experience, as well as the understanding of Internet technologies and design principles considered to be common knowledge at the Specialist level. Passing the JNCIS-E exam is a prerequisite for attempting the JNCIP-E practical exam.The JNCIS-E certification is valid for two years. Recertification is achieved by passing the current version of the JNCIS-E exam.Exam topics include:Advanced system operation, configuration and troubleshooting, interface configuration, routing protocols (RIP, OSPF, IS-IS, and BGP), MPLS, BRAS, advanced topics including multicast, CoS, advanced policy management, and security.jn0-130考试知识点：This list is intended to provide a general view of the skill set required to successfully complete the specified certification exam. Topics listed are subject to change.Advanced Operation, Configuration, and TroubleshootingInterface ConfigurationRouting Information Protocol (RIP)Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)Broadband Remote Access Services (B-RAS)Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)Miscellaneous TopicsAdvanced Operation, Configuration, and TroubleshootingIdentify the steps required to recover from a corrupted flash drive.Describe the operation and configuration of NTP.Define the logging and scripting capabilities of the E-series Router.Describe the various macros available using the router CLI.Identify the CLI login security features of the E-series Router.Describe the steps performed during a Loopback test.Describe the steps performed during a BERT test.Interface ConfigurationList the steps involved in configuring an A TM interface.Identify the configuration components for a Frame Relay interface.Define the configuration process for establishing both VLAN-tagged Ethernet and non-tagged Ethernet interfaces.List the configuration steps for enabling a channelized interface.Routing Information Protocol (RIP)Describe the basic characteristics of the RIP protocol.Identify the message types used in RIP.List the CLI commands used to configure and verify RIP.Open Shortest Path First (OSPF)Define the functions of the following OSPF packet types: Hello, Database Descriptor, LS Request, LS Update, LS Ack.Define the functions of the following OSPF area designations and functions: backbone area, non backbone area, stub area, and not-so-stubby area.Define the functions of the following OSPF router types: backbone, area, ABR, ASBR.Define the function and default values of the following OSPF timers: the hello interval, LSA transmission and retransmission interval, router dead interval.Identify the steps required to form an OSPF adjacency.Identify OSPF authentication types.Identify the criteria used to choose an OSPF designated router (DR). Further discuss the functions of the DR and BDR.Identify CLI commands used to configure and troubleshoot an OSPF network.Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS)Define the functions of the following IS-IS PDUs: Hello, Link-State, CSNP, PSNP.Describe ISO network addressing as it applies to IS-IS.Describe characteristics of IS-IS adjacencies, as they pertain to L1 and L2.Define the function and identify the characteristics of the following IS-IS parameters: authentication, mesh groups, wide metrics, LSP lifetime, overload.Describe the election of the Designated Intermediate System.Describe interarea routing in IS-IS.Describe the steps required to configure IS-IS.Identify CLI commands used to monitor and troubleshoot an IS-IS network.Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)Define the functionality of BGP including partial updates, TCP connectivity, and BGP prefixes. Describe the different BGP neighbor states.Define the functions of the following BGP packet types: Open, Update, Notification, Keepalive. Define the functions of the following BGP attributes: Next Hop, Local Preference, AS Path, Origin, MED, Community.Identify the steps of the BGP Route Selection Algorithm.Describe the default action for BGP route advertisements to EBGP and IBGP peers.Define the consequences of BGP route flap damping.Identify the characteristics of MBGP and list the reasons for enabling multiprotocol BGP.Identify the use of route maps, prefix lists, and community lists in a BGP environment. Describe the operation of a BGP confederation network.Describe the operation of BGP route reflection.Describe the steps required to configure and troubleshoot BGP.Broadband Remote Access Services (B-RAS)Identify configuration and troubleshooting steps involved in operating a Routed 1483 service offering.Identify configuration and troubleshooting steps involved in operating a Bridged 1483 service offering.Identify configuration and troubleshooting steps involved in operating a PPP over A TM service offering.Identify configuration and troubleshooting steps involved in operating a PPP over Ethernet service offering.Identify configuration and troubleshooting steps involved in using Dynamic Configuration Mode on the E-series Router.Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)Define the functions of the following MPLS terms: Label-Switched Path, Label-Switched Router, Ingress, Transit, Penultimate, and Egress.Identify the format and uses of an MPLS Label.Define the functions and characteristics of RSVP.Define the functions of the following RSVP attributes: Strict ERO, Loose ERO, Label Object, Label Request Object, Record-Route, Session Attribute, TSpec.Describe the operation of LDP.Define and configure basic MPLS functionality.Describe the terminology of a BGP MPLS network.Define the operation of a BP MPLS network.Miscellaneous TopicsIdentify the components of a multicast network.Define how the E-series Router implements Quality of Service in a network environment. Describe the applications of policy management on the E-series Router.Identify the security features of the E-series Router.最新活动：Testinside考题大师权威Microsoft、Cisco、SUN、CIW、IBM、Nortel、HP、Oracle等各大IT认证题库，最新考题售价仅180元起。

Leading SAFe_SAFe Agilist(SA) 5.1敏捷认证考试知识点超详细笔记二

Leading SAFe_SAFe Agilist(SA) 5.1敏捷认证知识点超详细笔记二Scrum is to agile team asSAFe is to the agile enterpriseEnablerSupports the activities needed to extend the Architectural Runway to provide future business functionalityEnterprise Architects define enablers at which level?Portfolio levelSystem and Solution architects define enablers at which level?Program and Large Solution LevelsArchitectural RunwayConsists of the existing code, components and technical infrastructure needed to implement near-term features without excessive redesign and delayWhy is the Architectural Runway necessary?Provides the technical foundation for developing business initiatives and implementing new features/capabilitiesAgile ArchitectureA set of values and practices that support the active evolution of the design and architecture of a system while implementing new system capabilitiesEmergent DesignThe process of discovering and extending the architecture only as necessary to implement and validate the next increment of functionalityIntentional ArchitecturePurposeful, planned architectural initiatives, which enhance solutions design, implementation and synchronizationArchitecture principles (7)1. Design emerges. Architecture is a collaboration.2. The bigger the system, the longer the runway.3. Build the simplest architecture that can possibly work.4. When in doubt, code or model it out.5. They build it, they test it6. There is no monopoly on innovation7. Implement architectural flowDBTDefine, Test, Build teams comprised of 5-9 members that deliver working, fully tested software every two weeksARTAgile Release Train, primary vehicles for value delivery at the program level. Delivers a value stream for the organization.Product ManagerThey have content authority at the program level, they define and prioritize the program backlog.System ArchitectThey provide user interface design and user experience guidelines and design elements for the team. They ensure that NFRs are met.Release Train EngineerThey are the uber scrum mastersUX and Shared ResourcesThey provide user interface design, user experience guidelines and design elements for the teams. They could provide security, performance and database administration across teams.Release Management TeamCross functional teams that approves frequent releases of quality solutions to customers.Features are in which level's backlog?The Program LevelWhich level do features originate?The Program level or epics at the portfolio levelFeatures decompose into what?User StoriesHow are features prioritized?WSJF (Weighted Shortest Job First)WSJFWeighted Shortest Job FirstEpicDefine large development initiatives that encapsulate the new development necessary to realize the benefits of investment themesA business epic is for:Customer FacingAn architectural epic is for:Technology solutionsHow are epics managed?Kanban systemsLean Thinking: Become relentless in:Reflection and Continuous improvementHouse of Lean: RoofThe Goal: ValueFour (4) Pillars in the House of Lean:Respect for People and Culture, Flow, Innovation, Relentless ImprovementRespect for People and Culture:Build partnerships on trust and mutual respectFlow:Build a foundation for value delivery. Establish a continuous _____________ of work that supports incremental value delivery from constant feedback and adjustment. Faster value delivery, better built in quality practices, relentless improvement and evidence based governance(3) Principles of Flow:Understanding the full value stream, visualizing and limiting WIP, Reducing Batch Sizes and managing queue lengthsInnovation:Leaders must get out of the office and into the actual workplace where the value is produced. You must provide time/space for people to be creativeContinuous Exploration:Continually exploring the market and user needs and defining a vision, roadmap and a set of features of address those needs(4) parts to the continuous delivery pipelineContinuous Exploration, Continuous Integration, Continuous Deployment, Release on DemandContinuous DeploymentTakes validated features from continuous integration and deploys them into the production environment where they are tested and readied for releaseVisionA description of the future state of the solution under development. It reflects customer andstakeholder needs, as well as the feature and capabilities proposed to meet those needsRoadmapA schedule of events and milestones that communicate planned solution deliverables over a timeline. Includes commitments for the planned, upcoming PI and offers visibility into deliverable forecasted for the next few PIsPI stands for whatProgram IncrementFeatureA service that fulfills a stakeholder need. Each ____________ includes a benefit hypothesis and acceptance criteria, and is sized or split as necessary to be delivered by a single ART in a PICapbilitiyHigher-level solutions behavior that typically spans multiple ARTs. They are sized and split into multiple features to facilitate their implementation in a single PI.Relentless ImprovementEncourages learning and growth through continuous reflection and process enhancements. Optimize the whole, not the parts, of the organization and development process. Consider facts carefully, then act quickly.Consider facts carefully thenAct quicklyOptimize the ________, not the ___________whole, not the parts of the organization and development processBase of the House of Lean:Foundation: Lean-Agile LeadershipFoundation: Lean-Agile LeadershipManagers become leaders who embrace the values of Lean, they are competent in the basic practices, they eliminate impediments, they take an active role in driving organizations changeand facilitation of unrelenting improvementAgile Manifesto:___________________ over processes and toolsIndividuals and interactionsAgile Manifesto: ________________________ over comprehensive documentationWorking softwareAgile Manifesto: _________________________ over contract negotiationCustomer CollaborationAgile Manifesto: _________________ over following a planResponding to changeAgile Manifesto (4) parts:1. Individuals and interactions over processes and tools2. Working software over comprehensive documentation3. Customer collaboration over contract negotiation4. Responding to change over following a planPIA timeline during which an ART delivers incremental value in the form of working, tested software and systems--this is like the sprint/iteration in an Agile TEa,Each PI uses ___________________ and _________________Cadence and syncronization(4) Goals of PI1. Facilitate planning2. Limit WIP3. Summarize newsworthy value for feedback4. Assure consistent, Program Level retrospectivesPDCAPlan, Do, Check and AdjustP in PDCAPlan: the PI Planning EventD in PDCADo: PI ExecutionC in PDCACheck: System DemoA in PDCA:Adjust: Inspect and Adapt. Reflect and ID improvement backlog items via a structured and problem-solving workshopRelease on Demand CycleFeatures deployed into production are released incrementally or immediately to customers based on market demand (whenever the stakeholder says)PI PlanningTeams estimate what will be delivered and highlight their dependencies on other Agiles teams and trainsPI objectives should be:SMARTSMARTSpecific, Measurable, Achievable, Realistic, Time BoundPI ObjectiveSummary of the business and technical goals that an Agile Team or Train intends to achieve in the upcoming PI.PI objectives are built _______________from the bottom up by Agile teams who estimate and ID their part of the solution during PIplanningStretch ObjectivesHelp improve predictability of delivering business value since they are not included in the team's commitment or counted against teams in program predictable measuresScrum of ScrumsMeeting that coordinates of the dependencies of the ARTs and provides visibility into progress and impedimentsWho facilitates the Scrum of ScrumsRTEProduct Owner SyncHeld for POs and Product Managers, timeboxed 30-60 min, get visibility into how well the ART is progressing toward meeting the program PI objectives to discuss problems or opportunities with feature development and assess any scope adjustmentsI&AInspect and AdjustThree parts to the I&API System Demo, Quantitative measurement, Retrospective and problem solvingWeighted Shortest Job FirstPrioritization model used to sequence jobs to produce maximum economic benefitWSJF=Estimated COD/Job Size (also known as job duration)Cost of Delay=User Business Value +Time Criticality + Risk reduction and/or opportunity enablementBuilding the Release (4) increments1. Team Increment2. System Increment3. Solution Increment4. Release IncrementTeam IncrementThe first step in this process is that each agile team ensures that it produces a working increment for the stories, features and components they are responsible forSystem IncrementAn integrated stack of new functionality, representing all the backlog items completed by the ART during the current and previous iterationsSolution IncrementWhen developing large solutions, ARTs typically contribute to only a part of the solutionRelease IncrementBuilding solutions incrementally affect this increment as a whole. All capabilities are finished and they meet acceptance criteraApply cadence, synchronize with cross domain planningCadence creates predictability and provides a rhythm for development. Synchronization causes multiple perspectives to be understood, resolved and integrated at the same timeManage queue lengths to ____________reduce the wait times for new capabilitiesWhy decentralize decision makingReduces delays, improves product development, enables faster feedback and creates more innovative solutions by those closest to the local knowledgeSolution TrainThe organizational construct used to build large, complex solutions that requires the coordination of multiple ARTs as well as the contributions of suppliersAligning ARTs and suppliers, the Solution Train helps do what?Manage the inherent risk and variability of large-scale solution developmentSolution Train EngineerServant leader of the train, allows the train to run smoothly by identifying and resolving bottlenecks across the entire solutionMetricsAgreed upon measures used to evaluate how well the organization is progressing toward the portfolio, large solution, program and team's business and technical objectivesHypothesis Tested over TimeSmall experiments that are validated as soon as possible by customers or their proxiesSolution ManagementRepresents the customer's overall needs across ARTs as well as communicating with the portfolio's Strategic Themes. Collab with Product Management to define capabilities and split them into features.Who defines capabilities and splits them into features?Product Management and Solution ManagementCapabilities are on what level?Large SolutionEpics are on what level?PortfolioFeatures are on what level?ProgramStory points are on what level?TeamFour levels in SAFe (Top to bottom)Enterprise, Large Solution, Program, TeamSolution Architect/EngineerCollaboratively defines the technology and architecture that connects the solutions across ARTsEnterpriseRepresents the business entity to which each SAFe portfolio belongs. In charge of the budget, strategic themes and the portfolio contextBudgetThe total funding provided to a portfolio for operating and capital expendituresValue StreamsRepresent the series of steps that an organization uses to build Solutions that provide a continuous flow of value to a cusomterPrimary role of a SAFe portfolio is:to fund and nurture a set of development value streams(2) Types of Value StreamsOperation Value Streams, Development Value StreamsOperation Value StreamsThe steps used to provide goods or services to a customer, be they internal or external. This is how the company makes its money.Development Value StreamsThe steps used to develop new products, systems or services capabilitesLean Portfolio Management helps with what in the budget?Manage the budget for each of the value streams. They adjust budgets for each value stream, based on changing business conditionsProduct OwnerResponsible for defining stories and prioritizing the team backlog. Only team member empowered to accept user stories as done.Who is the only team member empowered to accept user stories as done?Product OwnerScrum MasterrA member of the agile team, they are servant leaders and the Agile Team coach. They help remove impediments, facilitate team events and foster and environment for high performing teams(4) Roles at the Program Level1. System Architect/Engineer2. Product Manager3. RTE4. Business OwnersWhat level is the System Architect/Engineer?Program LevelWhat level is the Product Manager?Program LevelWhat level is the RTE?Program LevelWhat level are the Business OwnersProgram LevelSystem Architect/Engineer:Individual or small cross discipline team that truly applies systems thinking. They define the overall architecture of the system, NFRs, determine the major elements and subsystems and help define the interfaces and collaborations among themProduct Manager:Internal voice of the customer and works with customers and product owners to understand and communicate their needs, define system features and participate in validation. Responsible for the program backlog.Who is responsible for the program backlog?The Product ManagerBusiness Owners:A small group of stakeholders who have the primary business and technical responsibility for fitness for use, governance, ROI etc. They are the key stakeholders on the ART.Who are the key stakeholders on the ART?Business OwnersProduct Owner is to Team Level as _________ is to Program LevelProduct ManagerSystem Architect is to Program Level as _________________ is to Large Solution LevelSolution Architect(5) Roles in the Large Solution Level:1. Customer2. Solution Architect3. Solution Management4. Solution Train Engineer5. SupplierWhat level is the Customer?Large Solution LevelWhat level is the Solution Architect?Large Solution LevelWhat level Solution Management?Large Solution LevelWhat level is the Solution Train Engineer?Large Solution LevelWhat level is the SupplierLarge Solution LevelScrum Master is to Team Level as _________ is to Program LevelRTEScrum Master is to Team Level as ___________ is to Large Solution LevelSTECustomer:Ultimate buyer of every solutionSolution Architect:Represents an individual or small team that defines a common technical and architectural vision for the solution under developmentSolution Train Engineer:Servant leader and coach who facilitates and guides the work of all ARTs and suppliersSupplier:Internal or external organization that develops and delivers components, subsystems or services, which help the Solution Trains deliver solutions to customers(3) Roles in the Portfolio Level1. Lean Portfolio Management2. Epic Owners3. Enterprise ArchitectLean Portfolio ManagementRepresents the individuals with the highest level of decision making and financial accountability for the SAFe portfolioWho has financial accountability for a SAFe Portfolio?LPM (Lean Portfolio Management)Epic OwnersThey take responsibility for coordinating portfolio epics through the portfolio kanban systemProduct Owner is to Team Level as ____________ is the Portfolio LevelEpic OwnerEnterprise ArchitectThis person works across value stream and programs to help provide the strategic technical direction that can optimize portfolio outcomesLevel of architects:System (Program), Solution (Large Solution), Enterprise (Portfolio)Tipping PointThe point at which the overriding organizational imperative is to achieve the change, rather than resist itSAFe Implementation Roadmap (first three steps)Tipping Point-->Train Lean Agile Change Agents-->Train ExecutivesWhat's the output of PI Planning? (2)Committed PI Objectives and a Program BoardCommitted PI ObjectivesA set of SMART objectives that are created by each team with the business value assigned by the business ownersProgram BoardHighlights the new feature's delivery dates, feature dependencies among teams and with other ARTs and relevant milestonesDaily Stand UpUnderstand where the team is, escalate the problems and get help from other team members. Each team member describes what they did yesterday to advance iteration goals and what they're going to work on today to achieve the goals, as well as any blocks they've encounteredLittle's Law: Lead Time=WIP (units) / ACR (Average Completion Rate)Reducing WIP, while maintaining the same Average Completion RateReduces Lead timeImproving the process to increase Average Completion Rate while maintaining the same WIP Reduces Lead TimeBusiness Context Meeting in PI Planning (Day 1)Senior executives describe the current state of the business and present a perspective on how well existing solutions are in addressing current customer needsProduct/Solution Vision Meeting in PI Planning (Day 1)Product Management presents the current program vision and highlights any changes from the previous PI Planning MeetingManagement Review and Problem Solving in PI Planning (Day 1)Management may negotiate scope changes and resolve other problems by agreeing to various planning adjustmentsPlanning Adjustments PI Planning (Day 2)Any changes to planning scope and resource constraints, dependencies and peopleConfidence Vote PI Planning (Day 2)Once program risks have been addressed, teams vote on their confidence in meeting theirprogram PI objectives with a first of five votePre-PI Planning MeetingSets the context and input objectives for the individual ART PI Planning and is used to integrate the planning results of the ARTs that contribute to the solutionLean BudgetSet of practices that minimize overhead by funding and empowering Value Streams, rather than projects, while maintaining financial and fitness for use governanceHow often is the Lean Budget adjustedTwice annaullyART Steps to deliver solutions (4)1. Define new functionality2. Implement3. Acceptance Test4. DeployTo Optimize Flow, you should visualize and limit ____________ and reduce _______________ and manage ____________________.1. WIP2. Batch Sizes3. Manage Queue LengthsWhat's the largest initiative within a portfolio?EpicMVPMinimum Viable Product-The minimum effort necessary to sufficiently validate or invalidate the hypothesisTeams evaluate the MVP against_____________, not based on ___________________ Hypothesis, ROIPivot or preserve (pivot)Stop doing that work and start doing something elsePivot or Preserve (Preserve)Define features to further develop and refine innovationIf you opt to preserve, work continues until _______________new epic inspired features that hit the backlog can't compete with other features(4) Core Values of SAFeAlignmentBuilt-in QualityTransparencyProgram ExecutionAlignmentEnables autonomy and decentralized decision makingDevOpsDeployment and Operations--end the silo approach by providing an enterprise with the ability to develop and release small batches of functionality to this business or customerGoal of DevOpsImprove collab between Development and IT operations by developing and automating a continuous delivery pipelineCALMR-Culture of Shared Responsibility-Automation of Continuous Delivery Pipeline-Lean Flow Accelerates Delivery-Measurement of everything-Recovery enables low risk releasesCulture of shared responsibilityInfrastructure empowers development and operations to act independently without blocking each otherAutomation of continuous deliveyr pipeline:Automate everything mindset because manual processes are the enemy of fast value deliveryApplication Lifecycle Management (ALM):Create a standardized environment for communication and collaboration between developmentLean Flow Accelerates DeliveryNew features can move quickly from concept to cashSpikeType of exploration enabler story in SAFe--They represent activities such as research, design, investigation, exploration and prototyping(2) Types of SpikesTechnical Spike and Functional SpikeTechnical SpikeUsed to research various approaches in the solution domain such as build versus buy, evaluate the potential performance or load impact of a new user, Evaluate the specific technical implementation approaches, develop confidence about design solution pathFunctional SpikeUsed to analyze overall solution behavior and determine how to break it down, how to organize work, where risk is, etcFeature expressed by:Phrase, Benefit Hypothesis and acceptance criteriaBenefit hypothesis:The proposed measurable benefit to the end user or benefitDon't define a feature in ________, because ___________a story voice format, it will only support one user role and features are designed for multiple rolesFeatures are designed for ________________Multiple rolesStories are expressed as:User-voice statement and acceptance criteriaUser voice statement:As a (user role), I want (activity) to _________ so that (business value)Capabilities are expressed using:A phrase and a benefit hypothesisPrimary mechanism to achieve SAFe principle #6Kanban SystemsProgram KanbanFacilitates the flow of features through the continuous delivery pipelineMinimum Marketable Feature (MMF):Helps limit the scope and investment, enhances agility and provides fast feedbackSystems ThinkingThe solution itself is a system, the enterprise building the system is a system too--optimize the full value streamGoal of Systems ThinkingOptimize the Full Value StreamWhat highlights new features?Program BoardArt Sync is comprised of which two meetings?Scrum of Scrums and PO SyncScrum of Scrums is coordinated by who:RTEPO SyncPOs and Product Managers meet and get visibility into how well the ART is progressing toward meeting the program PI objectives, discuss problems or opportunities with feature development and assess scope adjstmentsWho coordinates the PO SyncProduct Manager or RTEBusiness Value with PI Objectives:Business Owners collaboratively assign bv to each of the team's individual objectives in a face to face convo--communicates the strategy and context behind these weighting decisionsDevelop on cadence:Essential method for managing the inherent variability of systems development in a flow-based system by making sure important events and activities occur on a regular, predictable schedule(2) effects of cadence1. Fast synced short iterations that are integrated into larger PIs2. Assures important events like PI Planning, System and Solution Demos and A&I happen ora regular, predictable scheduleWork is synced by what (2) events:System and Solution demosSystem DemoProvides an integrated view of new features for the most recent iteration delivered by all the teams in the ART. Gives ART stakeholders an objective measure of progress during a PISolution DemoResults of the development efforts from the Solution Train are integrated, evaluated and made visible to Customers and other stakeholders(4) types of leadersExpert, Conductor, Commander, Developer of PeopleINVESTIndependent, Negotiable, Valuable, Estimable, Small, TestableWhat has dependence on the Solution KanbanCapabilityGemba Walk is a part of which pillarInnovationGemba WalkGetting out of the officeAgile Manifesto values __________ more than ___________Items on the left more than items on the rightParallel delivery:Not getting any value until you deliver everything--can't recognize it until the endSerial Delivery:Getting value incrementally but not getting value UNTIL you've delivered the first featureTrade-off ParametersWhat you're balancing as you're making economic decisionsCycle Time:Time between when you start work and when you deliver the projectLead Time:Time between when a customer decides they want something to when they are delivered the productCost of Delay:Cost of not getting the product out immediately, aka how important it is to get it done nowAssume variability, preserve options:Development occurs in an uncertain world; aggressively evaluate alternativesLittle's Law: Control Wait Time by ____________________Controlling Queue LengthEstimating story points: largest point is__________--8VelocityHow many story points you could normally produceLoadNumber of story points you plan forCapacityBased on your velocity, how many story points you're planning for--accounts for setbacks like PTOConfidence VoteWhether or not you believe that the whole ART can accomplish the entire PI plan, not just what your team is committing toMost important factor is WSJF:Duration______________________ is the source of the bottleneck, NOT the __________________ System; PeopleWho has the ultimate decision over features?PMWho has the ultimate decision over stories?PO。

JUNIPER认证体系

JUNIPER认证考试简介JNCIA-JNCIS-JNCIP-JNCIE，其中JNCIA和JNCIS是低、中级别的认证，但通过JNCIS是参加JNCIP和JNCIE的资格考试，只有通过了JNCIS笔试，才能参加实验考试，类似于CCIE的笔试部分。

而且JNCIA和JNCIS都是独立的认证考试，而且JNCIS考试在全国的很多城市都能考，通过Prometric的考试中心来进行考试，一般在能考CCNA认证或者MCSE认证的地方，也能考JNCIA、JNCIS。

以前没有JNCIP考试，JNCIE实验室考试为2天，后来Juniper为了增强配置和实际操作环节的考核，将2天的JNCIE考试分拆为独立的JNCIP认证和JNCIE认证。

JNCIA考试是笔试，初级的技术认证，主要测试考生对BGP/OSPF/ISIS/等技术的理解，考试费用为125美元，考试时间60分钟，60道不定项选择题目，70%及格；JNCIS考试是笔试，中级的技术认证，主要测试考生对BGP/IGP/MPLS/IPV6/Multicast/IPv6/CoS等技术的理解，考题比JNCIA难度要大，考试费用是125美元，考试时间90分钟，75道不定项选择题目，70%及格；JNCIP考试是实验室操作考试，高级的技术认证，需要配置7台路由器，主要测试考生对IGP/BGP配置还有设备本身操作的能力，考试费用是1250美元，考试时间8小时，80%及格；JNCIE考试是实验室操作考试，顶级的技术认证，需要排除10台路由器的故障并按照求新增配置，主要测试考生的故障排除能力和专家级别的配置能力，考试费用是1250美元，考试时间8小时，80%及格；总之，JNCIE考的就是Juniper路由器M/T系列在骨干网络上的操作、排障和对主流技术的理解。

也因为Juniper以高端路由产品起家，所以认证考试也面向高端，平心而论JNCIE考试的难度与CCIE 相比有过之而无不及。

JNCIA认证课程目的JUNIPER网络公司路由器操作和故障排除(OTJNR)是一门由教师指导的中级课程，主要介绍JUNIPER网络公司M-系列和T-系列平台的操作和故障排除。

信息安全工程师教程学习笔记之身份认证技术

信息安全工程师教程学习笔记之身份认证技术全国计算机技术与软件专业技术资格（水平）考试，这门新开的信息安全工程师分属该考试“信息系统”专业，位处中级资格。

官方教材《信息安全工程师教程》及考试大纲于7月1日出版，希赛小编整理了信息安全工程师教程学习笔记之身份认证技术，供大家参考学习。

准入控制技术企事业机构网络系统，在安装防火墙、漏洞扫描系统、入侵检测系统和病毒检测软件等安全设施后，仍可能遭受恶意攻击。

其主要原因是一些用户不能及时安装系统漏洞补丁和升级病毒库等，为网络系统带来安全隐患。

思科（Cisco）公司在2003年11月，为了应对网络安全中出现的这种情况，率先提出了网络准入控制（Network Admission Control，NAC）和自防御网络（SDN）的概念，并联合Network Associates、Symantec、Trend Micro及IBM等厂商共同开发和推广NAC。

微软公司也迅速做出反应，提供了具有同样功能的网络准许接入保护方案（Network Access Protection，NAP）。

思科公司的NAC和微软的NAP其原理和本质是一致的，不仅对用户身份进行认证，还对用户的接入设备进行安全状态评估（包括防病毒软件、系统补丁等），使每个接入点都具有较高的可信度和健壮性，从而保护网络基础设施。

随后，国内外厂商在准入控制技术产品开发方面进行一场激烈的竞争。

思科公司于2004年推出准入控制产品解决方案之后，华为公司也紧随其后，于2005年上半年推出了端点准入防御（Endpoint Admission Defense，EAD）产品，SYGATE也于2005年6月公布了SNAC通用解决方案。

准入控制技术方案比较思科公司的NAC或微软公司的NAP，还是华为公司的EAD，都是专用的准入控制系统。

不同厂商的准入控制方案虽然在原理上基本类似，但是，具体实现方式各不相同。

主要区别体现在以下4个方面。

Testinside JN0-100认证考试题库

"Juniper Networks Certified Internet Associate (JNCIA-JUNOS) ", also knownVerified Answers Researched by Industry Experts and almost 100% correctJN0-100 exam questions updated on regular basisSame type as the certification exams, JN0-100 exam preparation is in multiple-choice questions (MCQs).Tested by multiple times before publishingTry free JN0-100 exam demo before you decide to buy it in .Note:This pdf demo do not include the question's picture.Exam : Juniper Networks JN0-100Title : Juniper Networks Certified Internet Associate (JNCIA-JUNOS)1. Which statement is correct about the validate option when upgrading JUNOS software?A. It will check the MD5 checksum of the install package.B. It will check if the device meets the memory requirements for the install package.C. It will check the compatibility of the configuration with the install package.D. It will check if the device meets the storage requirement for the install package.Answer: C2. What represents the decimal equivalence of 11000000 10101000 10101100 11110001?A. 192.168.184.201B. 192.168.172.241C. 192.170.172.237D. 192.170.184.221Answer: B3. In which mode are users allowed to configure the device, including interfaces, protocols, user access, and system hardware properties?A. priviledged modeB. configuration modeC. monitoring modeD. operational modeAnswer: B4. If the PFE does not have a route to the destination address of a packet, which action will be taken?A. The PFE floods the packet out of all interfaces.B. The PFE drops the packet and sends a destination unreachable notification back to source device.C. The PFE forwards the packet to the routing engine for further processing.D. The PFE queues the packet and sends a request for a layer 3 lookup to the routing engine.Answer: B5. On a Juniper Router, where is the JUNOS software located?A. EPROMB. Zip driveC. hard driveD. compact flashAnswer: D6. What is the interface connecting the routing engine to the packet forwarding engine called?A. Loopback 0B. managementC. internal (fxp1)D. control interfaceAnswer: C7. On a Juniper router, what is the default file used for syslog messages?A. systemB. errorsC. securityD. messagesAnswer: D8. When a non-root user connects to a JUNOS platform and enters a username and password, the user is immediately placed at which level?A. UNIX shellB. user level CLIC. configuration modeD. operational modeAnswer: D9. For which two functions is the Routing Engine responsible? (Choose two.)A. packet forwardingB. queuing functionsC. routing protocol controlD. JUNOS software operationAnswer: CD10. Which three statements are true of dynamic routing protocols? (Choose three.)A. They are scalable.B. They are Dijkstra based.C. They share network layer reachability information among neighbors.D. They automate next hop decisions.E. They are tolerant of configuration errors.Answer: ACD11. Which major J-Web menu should you use to upgrade the JUNOS software on the router?A. MonitorB. MaintainC. DiagnoseD. ConfigurationAnswer: B12. Which statement is true about the internal link between the Routing Engine and the Packet-Forwarding Engine?A. It is only used for exception traffic.B. It is an FE link called fxp2.C. It is rate-limited to avoid DDOS attacks.D. It is only used to send the forwarding-table from the Routing Engine to the Packet-Forwarding Engine. Answer: C13. How many IP addresses can be configured in a given interface?A. one primary and one secondary IP addressB. one IP addressC. as many IP addresses as you wantD. one primary and multiple secondary IP addressesAnswer: C。

authorizationcodeissuedat -回复

authorizationcodeissuedat -回复什么是授权码（Authorization Code），它是如何产生和使用的。

同时，本文将深入探讨授权码的重要性和安全性问题。

授权码是认证和授权流程中的一种凭证，通常用于客户端（例如Web浏览器，移动设备或台式机应用程序）向资源服务器请求访问授权。

授权码是一种临时令牌，通常在认证成功后颁发，有效期通常为几分钟到几个小时不等。

在OAuth 2.0体系中，授权码由授权服务器发放，用于交换访问令牌（Access Token）。

当客户端需要访问受保护资源时，首先需要将用户重定向到授权服务器，以进行身份验证和授权。

如果用户身份验证和授权成功，授权服务器将返回授权码。

授权码的生成由授权服务器负责。

在交换请求中，客户端必须使用先前获得的客户端ID和客户端密钥进行身份验证，并附加由授权服务器生成的回调URI。

授权服务器将验证客户端ID和密钥并确定回调URI是否与之前验证的一致。

如果检查成功，则授权服务器将发出授权码。

授权码可以保证OAuth 2.0体系中的安全，因为它不会在未授权的客户端之间流通。

授权码只能在受到保护的回调URI中交换，这可以保护资源服务器和客户端之间的通信。

此外，授权码只被颁发一次，而且是临时的，有效期短暂。

这确保了在安全性方面更高的控制级别。

总之，授权码在OAuth 2.0体系中扮演着至关重要的角色。

授权码的存在保护了客户端和资源服务器之间的通信安全，防止了未授权的流通，这是一个强大的安全措施。

同时，授权码的有效期限制了它的使用范围，进一步增强了安全性。

当然，这并不是说授权码是完美的，恶意攻击仍然可以通过其他方式突破授权码的防御，但授权码仍然是授权和认证流程中不可或缺的要素之一。

计算机辅助翻译课程设置0524

第二课计算机辅助翻译平台 ................................................................................................. 5 1. 实战翻译项目中 CAT 的应用 ....................................................................................... 5 2. CAT 软件中的翻译项目操作.......................................................................................... 5 3.常见软件操作问题及解决................................................................................................ 6 4. Trados 软件在多文档中的应用 ..................................................................................... 6
7. 课程回顾与练习.............................................................................................................. 8 第四课术语库的制作和使用 ............................................................................................. 8

JN0-343考试推荐及考试经验分享

一、JN0-343 Exam推荐JN0-343 ExamJuniper Networks Certified Internet Specialist (JNCIS-ENT)科目编号 : JN0-343科目名称 : Juniper Networks Certified Internet Specialist (JNCIS-ENT)JN0-343 考试是Juniper Networks公司的 Juniper Networks Certified Internet Specialist (JNCIS-ENT) 认证考试官方代号，属于JNCIS。

Juniper NetworksJuniper Networks Certified Internet Specialist (JNCIS-ENT)认证作为全球IT领域专家Juniper Networks热门认证之一，是许多大中IT企业选择人才标准的必备条件。

目前中国的JNCIP不到40人，JNCIE就更少了还不足20人，JNCIS的数量跟CCIE 的数量差不多。

虽然Juniper的设备销量不如Cisco多，但只要会调路由器基本上都会Cisco，Juniper设备销量少，会操作的人也少，设备人均占有率应该超过Cisco，记得有一次朋友聚会，居然5个人里面有2个3CCIE的和1一个2CCIE 的，我就X了，居然现在有多个CCIE认证的人也这么多；会Juniper设备的人绝对会Cisco设备，但会Cisco设备的人就不一定会Juniper设备了。

Juniper 设备基本上是在大网里面采用，接触Juniper设备之后干大网的机会就会多了，对今后的发展很有好处。

记得一次在工作时候遇到某培训中心来的CCIE，居然NTP、STP、IPsec都不会，跑去查文档之后也没有搞定，最后居然怀疑45交换机不支持NTP！！！还有一次一个Cisco厂商的工程师来测试AAA服务器，他居然不知道SSH怎么搞，最后整了一个下午才发现原来IOS版本不支持，操，这是什么狗屁厂商工程师，难怪起薪10000。

CKA考试题库

CKA考试题库第一题：关于RBAC权限控制解答：第二题：查看Pod的CPU解答：第三题：配置网络策略NetworkPolicy解答：第四题：暴露服务Service解答：1.修改front-end deploymentkubectl edit deployment front-end2.暴露服务kubectl expose deployment front-end --target-port=80 --port=80 --name=front-end-svc --type=NodePort检查curl [cluster-ip]第五题：创建ingress解答：第六题：扩容Deployment的副本数量解答：第七题：调度pod到指定节点解答：第八题：查看可用节点数量解答：第九题：创建多容器pod解答：第十题：创建PV解答：第十一题：创建PVC解答：spec:volumes:- name: task-pv-storagepersistentVolumeClaim:claimName: pv-volume containers:- name: web-serverimage: nginx:1.16volumeMounts:- mountPath:"/usr/share/nginx/html "name: task-pv-storage2.运行pvc.yamlkubectl apply -f pvc.yaml3.修改大小kubectl edit pvc pv-volume --record检查kubectl get pvc pv-volume第十二题：查看pod日志解答：第十三题：使用sidecar代理容器日志解答：第十四题：升级集群解答：第十五题：备份还原ETCD解答：第十六题：排查集群中的故障节点解答：第十七题：节点维护解答：。

Juniper JN0-120 认证学习资料

Juniper JN0-120Juniper Networks Jn0-120 Juniper Networks Certified Internet Associate.e(jncia-e)Practice TestVersion demo 1.0QUESTION NO: 1How many spare line modules are supported for each redundancy group?A. 1B. 3C. 2D. 5Answer: AQUESTION NO: 2When using a 40 Gbps switch fabric, how much full duplex bandwidth is available to each slot?A. 2.55 GbpsB. 1.25 GbpsC. 5.00 GbpsD. 1.65 GbpsAnswer: BQUESTION NO: 3Which configuration command enables the router for SNMP?A. snmp-clientB. snmp-serverC. snmp-server enableD. snmp-client enableAnswer: BQUESTION NO: 4Which command parameter configures a password of connection-to-lac for an L2TP tunnel on an LNS?A. l2tp password connection-to-lacB. server password connection-to-lacC. tunnel password connection-to-lacAnswer: CQUESTION NO: 5In a Routed 1483 network what method of routing is typically employed on the DSL router?A. staticB. RIPv1C. OSPFD. RIPv2Answer: AQUESTION NO: 6Where does the LAC obtain the L2TP tunnel's attributes?A. L2TP tunnel mapB. DHCP serverC. domain mapD. profileAnswer: CQUESTION NO: 7What L2TP protocol packet is sent by the LAC to establish the control connection (tunnel)?A. L2TP Control Connection RequestB. L2TP Tunnel Establishment RequestC. Start Control Connection RequestD. Start Tunnel Discovery RequestAnswer: CQUESTION NO: 8Beginning with software Version demo 4-0-0.rel, how many virtual routers can be configured on the ERX Edge Router?A. 1000B. 256C. 128D. 32Answer: AQUESTION NO: 9What are the two negotiation stages defined for the Point to Point Protocol (PPP)? (Choose two).A. LCPB. IPXC. IPD. NCPAnswer: A,DQUESTION NO: 10Which action in a policy list assigns a unique packet flow to a QoS service?A. forwardB. markC. filterD. traffic-classAnswer: DQUESTION NO: 11What is the function of L2TP?A. It allows L2F tunnels across the network.B. It allows GRE tunnels across the network.C. It allows PPTP tunnels across the network.D. It allows PPP to be tunneled across a network.Answer: DQUESTION NO: 12You are configuring an L2TP LNS. Where do you place the IP address of the LAC?A. aaa domain-mapB. remote hostC. l2tp destination profileD. profileAnswer: CQUESTION NO: 13In a PPP over ATM environment, which two PPP authentication methods are supported by the ERX Edge Router? (Choose two).A. MSCHAPB. CHAPC. IKED. PAPAnswer: B,DQUESTION NO: 14How are the slot groups arranged in the ERX 700 Series Edge Router?A. Group 1 - Slot 3 Group 2 - Slot 4 Group 3 - Slot 5 Group 4 - Slots 6 & 7B. Group 1 - Slot 2 Group 2 - Slot 3 Group 3 - Slot 4 Group 4 - Slot 5 & 6C. Group 1 - Slots 2 & 3 Group 2 - Slot 4 Group 3 - Slot 5 Group 4 - Slot 6D. Group 1 - Slots 0 &1 Group 2 - Slot 2 Group 3 - Slot 3 Group 4 - Slot 4Answer: CQUESTION NO: 15What configuration command allows the ERX Edge Router to advertise customer networks into the provider's IGP?A. redistribute staticB. redistribute access-internal。

authorization certification

Authorization CertificationIntroductionAuthorization certification refers to the process of verifying and granting permissions to individuals or entities to access certain resources or perform specific actions. It plays a crucial role in ensuring the security and integrity of systems, networks, and data. This article will explore the concept of authorization certification, its importance, and the various methods used in the process.Understanding Authorization CertificationAuthorization certification is a process that determines the level of access and permissions granted to individuals or entities within a system or network. It involves verifying the identity of the user, evaluating their credentials, and assigning appropriate privileges based on their role and responsibilities.The primary goal of authorization certification is to ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive information, perform critical operations, or modify system configurations. By implementing a robust authorization certification process, organizations can protect their assets from unauthorized access, prevent data breaches, and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements.Importance of Authorization CertificationEffective authorization certification is crucial for maintaining the security and integrity of systems and networks. Here are some key reasons why authorization certification is important:1.Access Control: Authorization certification ensures that onlyauthorized individuals can access specific resources or performactions within a system. This helps prevent unauthorized accessand protects sensitive information from being compromised.2.Data Protection: By granting appropriate privileges based onroles and responsibilities, authorization certification helpssafeguard sensitive data from unauthorized modification, deletion, or disclosure.pliance: Many industries have regulatory requirements thatmandate the implementation of strong authorization certificationprocesses. By complying with these regulations, organizations can avoid penalties, legal issues, and reputational damage.4.Risk Mitigation: Authorization certification helps organizationsmitigate the risk of insider threats by ensuring that employeesonly have access to the resources necessary for their job roles.This reduces the likelihood of accidental or intentional databreaches.5.Auditability: By maintaining a record of authorizationcertifications, organizations can track and monitor useractivities. This enables them to identify any suspicious behavior, investigate security incidents, and maintain accountability.Methods of Authorization CertificationThere are several methods and techniques used in the process of authorization certification. The choice of method depends on factors such as the nature of the system, the level of security required, and the specific requirements of the organization. Here are some commonly used methods:1.Role-Based Access Control (RBAC): RBAC is a widely used methodwhere access permissions are assigned based on predefined roles.Users are assigned to specific roles, and each role is granted aset of permissions. This simplifies the authorization process and ensures that users only have access to the resources necessary for their roles.2.Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC): ABAC is a more flexiblemethod that considers various attributes of the user, resource,and environment to make access control decisions. It allowsorganizations to define complex policies based on multipleattributes, such as user location, time of access, and userclearance level.3.Mandatory Access Control (MAC): MAC is a strict form of accesscontrol where permissions are assigned based on securityclassifications and labels. It is commonly used in government and military organizations to protect highly sensitive information.4.Discretionary Access Control (DAC): DAC allows users to have morecontrol over the permissions they grant to others. In this method, the owner of a resource determines who can access it and whatlevel of access they have.5.Rule-Based Access Control (RBAC): RBAC is a method where accessdecisions are made based on predefined rules. These rules specify conditions that must be met for access to be granted or denied.ConclusionAuthorization certification plays a crucial role in ensuring the security, integrity, and compliance of systems and networks. By implementing robust authorization certification processes, organizations can protect sensitive data, prevent unauthorized access, and mitigate the risk of insider threats. The choice of authorization certification method depends on the specific requirements of the organization, and various methods such as RBAC, ABAC, MAC, DAC, and RBAC can be utilized. By understanding and implementing effective authorization certification, organizations can safeguard their assets and maintain a secure environment.。

Jenkins权限管理之MatrixAuthorizationStrategy

Jenkins权限管理之MatrixAuthorizationStrategy⼀、权限管理概述jenkins的权限管理，我⽬前使⽤的是。

这个很简单，权限是jenkins已经定死了的，就那些。

该插件可以让我们新建⾓⾊，可以将权限赋予给⾓⾊，⾓⾊可以再赋予给⽤户。

然后突然想知道Matrix-based security（安全矩阵）和Project-based Matrix Authorization Strategy（项⽬矩阵授权策略）怎么玩的，以下是⼀些实践。

⼆、Matrix Authorization Strategy1.插件介绍与配置这个插件就是。

这个插件的使⽤很简单，基本就是⽤户与权限的对应关系。

另外，在下图处配置的，算是全局安全配置。

项⽬中是可以覆盖这部分配置的，也可以直接继承。

在job的配置页⾯，见下图：详细的配置细节可参考：3.注意点有⼼的朋友发现了，上⾯的权限只是和⽤户对应，没有⽤户组的概念。

你在上⾯的“添加⽤户/组”⾥⾯输⼊的字符串，都会被当成⽤户名，⽽不是组名。

那要怎么创建⾃⼰的组呢？答案是：不⾏，jenkins不⽀持。

那那个组是⼲嘛的呢，说是要配合LDAP和Active Directory。

我⼤概了解了下Active Directory，需要配置Domain Controller。

（针对windows的话）也就是我们的windows计算机需要加⼊域，这样呢，域⾥⾯的机器就可以⽤他们的⽤户名和密码直接来登录jenkins了。

（表述不当的话，可以⾃⾏查找下）如果是配置LDAP的话，也需要单独的LDAP服务器地址。

所以呢，我的理解是，LDAP和Active Directory都需要使⽤外部服务器（LDAP服务器或域服务器）内的已有的⽤户数据。

⽤已有的⽤户名密码来登录。

4.结论如果只是想简单地⽤基于⾓⾊来给jenkins配置⽤户权限的话，直接还是使⽤吧。

以上。

AWS SAA-C03 知识点和例题全记录【专题四 Cognito】英文版 Word

Question 143 Secure Authentication for RESTful APIsAn analytics company uses Amazon VPC to run its multi-tier services. The company wants to use RESTful APIs to offer a web analytics service to millions of users. Users must be verified by using an authentication service to access the APIs. which solution will meet these requirements with the MOST operational efficiency? Options• A. Configure an Amazon Cognito user pool for user authentication. Implement Amazon API Gateway REST APIs with a Cognito authorizer.• B. Configure an Amazon Cognito identity pool for user authentication. Implement Amazon API Gateway HTTP APIswith a Cognito authorizer.• C. Configure an AWS Lambda function to handle user authentication. Implement Amazon API Gateway REST APIs with a Lambda authorizer.• D. Configure an IAM user to handle user authentication.Implement Amazon API Gateway HTTP APIs with an IAMauthorizer.Key ServiceCognitoKey PointDesign Secure ArchitecturesNote• A. ✅ Configure an Amazon Cognito user pool for user authentication. Implement Amazon API Gateway REST APIs with a Cognito authorizer. This solution provides secure andefficient user management and integrates well with RESTAPIs.• B. ❌ Configure an Amazon Cognito identity pool for user authentication. Implement Amazon API Gateway HTTP APIswith a Cognito authorizer. Identity pools are better suited forunauthenticated access, while user pools handle authenticated users more effectively.• C. ❌ Configure an AWS Lambda function to handle user authentication. Implement Amazon API Gateway REST APIswith a Lambda authorizer. While this is possible, it introducesadditional complexity compared to using Cognito for usermanagement.• D. ❌ Configure an IAM user to handle user authentication.Implement Amazon API Gateway HTTP APIs with an IAMauthorizer. IAM is not designed for end-user authenticationand would be less efficient for managing millions of users. Question 144 Serverless Authentication and AuthorizationA company wants to restrict access to the content of one of its main web applications and to protect the content by using authorization techniques available on AWS. The company wants to implement a serverless architecture and an authentication solution for fewer than 100 users. he solution needs to integrate with the main web application and serve web content globally. The solution must also scale as the company’s user base grows while providing the lowest login latency possible. which solution will meet these requirements MOST cost-effectively?OptionsA. Use Amazon Cognito for authentication. Use Lambda@Edge forauthorization. Use Amazon CloudFront to serve the webapplication globally.B. Use AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory forauthentication. Use AWS Lambda for authorization. Use anApplication Load Balancer to serve the web application globally.C. Use Amazon Cognito for authentication. Use AWS Lambda forauthorization. Use Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration to serve the web application globally.D. Use AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory for**************************************************** Elastic Beanstalk to serve the web application globally.Key ServiceCognitoKey PointDesign Secure ArchitecturesNote• A. ✅ Use Amazon Cognito for authentication and************************************************** the web application globally providing low latency andscalability. This solution is cost-effective for fewer than 100users and can scale as the user base grows.• B. ❌ Using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory for authentication introduces higher costs andcomplexity compared to Amazon Cognito. AWS Lambda forauthorization and an Application Load Balancer to serve theweb application globally do not provide the global servingcapabilities and cost-effectiveness of Amazon CloudFront. • C. ❌ While Amazon Cognito for authentication and AWS Lambda for authorization are suitable, Amazon S3 TransferAcceleration is not designed to serve web applicationsglobally. It is better suited for file transfers and does notprovide the low latency and scalability needed for web content. • D. ❌ Using AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory for authentication adds unnecessary complexity and higher costs compared to Amazon Cognito. Lambda@Edge for authorization and AWS Elastic Beanstalk to serve the webapplication globally do not offer the global distribution and low latency benefits of Amazon CloudFront.Question 145 Serverless Authentication and AuthorizationA company wants to restrict access to the content of its web application. The company needs to protect the content by using authorization techniques that are available on AWS. The company also wants to implement a serverless architecture for authorization and authentication that as low login latency. he solution must integrate with the web application and serve web content globally. The application currently has a small user base, but the company expects the application’s user base to increase. which solution will meet these requirements?Options•A. Configure Amazon Cognito for authentication. Implement***************************************************** to serve the web application globally.•B. Configure AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory for authentication. Implement AWS Lambda for authorization. Use an Application Load Balancer to serve the web application globally.•C. Configure Amazon Cognito for authentication. Implement AWS Lambda for authorization. Use Amazon S3 Transfer Acceleration to serve the web application globally.•D. Configure AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory for authentication. Implement Lambda@Edge for authorization. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to serve the web application globally.Key ServiceCognitoKey PointDesign Secure ArchitecturesNote• A. ✅ Configure Amazon Cognito for authentication. Implement *******************************************CloudFront to serve the web application globally. This solution meets the requirement of a serverless architecture with lowlogin latency and global content delivery.• B. ❌ Configure AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory for authentication. Implement AWS Lambda forauthorization. Use an Application Load Balancer to serve theweb application globally. This option uses Active Directorywhich is not a serverless solution and an Application LoadBalancer does not serve content globally.• C. ❌ Configure Amazon Cognito for authentication. Implement AWS Lambda for authorization. Use Amazon S3 TransferAcceleration to serve the web application globally. While thisoption uses Cognito and Lambda, S3 Transfer Acceleration is designed for object transfers rather than serving webapplications globally.• D. ❌ Configure AWS Directory Service for Microsoft Active Directory for authentication. Implement Lambda@Edge forauthorization. Use AWS Elastic Beanstalk to serve the webapplication globally. This option uses Active Directory which is not a serverless solution and Elastic Beanstalk is not designed for global content delivery.Question 146 Authenticating Users with Amazon Cognito for S3 AccessA company is hosting a web application from an Amazon S3 bucket. The application uses Amazon Cognito as an identity provider to authenticate users and return a JSON Web Token (JWT) that provides access to protected resources that are storedin another S3 bucket. upon deployment of the application, users report errors and are unable to access the protected content. A solutions architect must resolve this issue by providing proper permissions so that users can access the protected content. which solution meets these requirements?”OptionsA. Update the Amazon Cognito identity pool to assume the properIAM role for access to the protected content.B.Update the S3 ACL to allow the application to access theprotected content.C. Redeploy the application to Amazon S3 to prevent eventuallyconsistent reads in the S3 bucket from affecting the ability of users to access the protected content.D. Update the Amazon Cognito pool to use custom attributemappings within the identity pool and grant users the properpermissions to access the protected content.Key ServiceCognitoKey PointDesign Secure ArchitecturesNote• A. ✅ Update the Amazon Cognito identity pool to assume the proper IAM role for access to the protected content. Thisapproach ensures that the JWT issued by Amazon Cognitohas the necessary permissions to access the protected S3bucket.• B. ❌ Update the S3 ACL to allow the application to access the protected content. This does not address the issue becausethe problem is related to user authentication and authorization, not the application’s direct access to the S3 bucket.• C. ❌ Redeploy the application to Amazon S3 to prevent eventually consistent reads in the S3 bucket from affecting the ability of users to access the protected content. This solution does not solve the authentication issue and is unrelated to the problem at hand.• D. ❌ Update the Amazon Cognito pool to use custom attribute mappings within the identity pool and grant users the proper permissions to access the protected content. While this might help customize the attributes, it does not directly address the need to configure an IAM role for accessing the S3 bucket.。

aaa认证原理实验总结(一)

aaa认证原理实验总结(一)前言本文旨在总结”AAA认证原理实验”的相关内容。

AAA认证是一种常用的身份验证和授权机制，它将认证(Authentication)、授权(Authorization)和会计(Accounting)三个功能集成到一个系统中，可以提供安全可靠的网络访问控制。

AAA认证原理简介•AAA认证是基于客户端/服务器模型的认证体系，主要包括以下三个部分：–认证(Authentication)：验证用户身份和凭证的有效性。

–授权(Authorization)：确定用户在网络中的访问权限。

–会计(Accounting)：记录用户的网络活动和消费情况。

AAA认证的重要性•AAA认证机制在网络安全中起到至关重要的作用，它可以：–保护网络资源免受未经授权的访问。

–确保网络服务按照规定的权限提供给合法的用户。

–跟踪用户的网络活动，便于追踪和审计。

正文AAA认证的基本原理1.认证(Authentication)：–用户向认证服务器提供身份信息(如用户名和密码)。

–服务器验证用户的身份信息是否正确，并返回认证结果。

2.授权(Authorization)：–通过认证后，服务器根据用户的身份和权限，确定其可以访问的资源和服务。

–常用的授权机制包括RBAC(Role-Based Access Control)和ABAC(Attribute-Based Access Control)。

3.会计(Accounting)：–服务器记录用户的登录、注销、访问、资源占用等操作。

–这些日志可以用于安全审计和计费。

AAA认证的实验过程1.实验准备：–配置认证服务器和网络设备，建立认证环境。

2.用户认证：–用户在客户端输入用户名和密码。

–客户端将认证请求发送给认证服务器。

–服务器验证用户身份并返回认证结果。

3.用户授权：–通过认证后，服务器根据用户的身份和权限，授权用户可以访问的资源和服务。

4.会计记录：–服务器记录用户的登录时间、访问的资源等信息。

PalmSecure Palm Vein 身份认证解决方案说明书

Award-winning Palm Vein Imaging Technology For Secure Identification and AuthenticationAccurate and Secure• Advanced biometric authentication algorithm delivers ultra-lowFAR (false accept rate) and FRR (false reject rate)• Contactless palm vein authentication is hygienic and noninvasive - No Residual Trace Technology • Encrypted repository for template storage & enterprise level event logging capability• PalmSecure Authentication recognized by leading InternationalSecurity Bodies, including International Common Criteria and CNILSpeed and Extensibility• Quick-start deployment across the enterprise raises security andadds value• SDK (Software Development Kit) for organizations deployingPalmSecure technology• Fast and easy registration with virtually no enrollment error.• Biometric integration for third party Single Sign-On (SSO)solutions with PalmSecure OmniPass™Biometric SolutionsRobust biometric authentication technology for your high-security applicationsThe Fujitsu PalmSecure technology is a palm vein based strong authentication solution that utilizes industry-leading vascular pattern biometric technology. This award-winning innovation offers a highly reliable, contactless biometric authentication solution that is non-intrusive and easy to use.PalmSecure technology has been deployed worldwide in a wide range of vertical markets, including security, financial/banking, healthcare, commercial enterprises and educational facilities. Additional applications include physical access control, logical access control, retail POS systems, ATMs, kiosks, time and attendance management systems, visitor ID management and other industry-specific biometric applications.The Fujitsu PalmSecure sensor uses near-infrared light to capture a person’s palm vein pattern, generating a unique biometric template that isPalmSecure_DS_050316For more information, call us at 877-766-7545 or visit us at: /palmsecureFujitsu Frontech North America, 27121Towne Centre Drive, Suite 100, Foothill Ranch, CA. 92610©2016 Copyright Fujitsu Frontech North America Inc. All rights reserved. Fujitsu and the Fujitsu logo are registered trademarks. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Statements herein are based on normal operating conditions and are not intended to create any implied warranty of merchantability or fitness for a particular purpose. Fujitsu Frontech North America Inc. reserves the right to modify at any time without notice these statements, our services, products, and their warranty and performance specifications.matched against pre-registered user palm vein patterns. The palm vein device can only recognize the pattern if the blood is actively flowing within the individual’s veins, which means that forgery is virtually impossible.This advanced, vascular pattern recognitiontechnology provides highly reliable authentication. The PalmSecure technology false accept rate is just 0.00001 percent with an exceptional false reject rate of 1.0 percent, all in a small form factor that generates extremely fast authentication, usually under one second.To ease work flow and protect digital assets, Fujitsu also developed PalmSecure OmniPass™ which seamlessly works with many leading Single Sign-On (SSO) software solutions and increases security, while significantly reducing the costs associated with password management.Palm Vein Authentication Technology4.4 to5.4V (Input current: up to 500mA)MTBF (mean time between failure): 1 million hours0.00001% (in guideless mode)Glass2 inches from the surface of the sensor (+/- a half inch)1.37(W) x 1.37(D) x 1.06(H) inchesWindows 7 SP1/8.1 Update/10 (x86/x64) Professional Linux 2.6.32 or later (x64) ProfessionalWindows 2008R2 SP1/2012/2012R2 Update(x64) Enterprise2.5W or lessLess than 1 second1.0%None0°C to 60°CPalmSecure Specifications。

cka认证考试内容

cka认证考试内容
CKA（Certified Kubernetes Administrator）认证考试的内容包括以下主要主题：
1. Kubernetes基础知识：了解Kubernetes的核心概念，如Pod、Service、Replication Controller等。

2. Kubernetes架构：熟悉Kubernetes的架构和组件，包括 kube-api-server、kube-scheduler、kube-controller-manager、etcd等。

3. 部署和配置Kubernetes：熟悉如何在不同的环境中部署和配置Kubernetes，并了解使用Kubernetes的不同方式和工具。

4. 应用程序和服务的管理：掌握如何使用Kubernetes来管理和扩展应用程序或服务，包括容器、命名空间、部署、配置和升级。

5. 网络和存储：了解如何配置和管理Kubernetes的网络和存储，包括使用不同的插件和云服务。

6. 安全：熟悉如何保护Kubernetes的安全，并防止不必要的访问或攻击。

7. 监控和故障排除：了解如何使用Kubernetes的监控和日志记录工具来监视和诊断Kubernetes的健康状态，并解决故障问题。

总的来说，CKA认证考试要求考生具备全面的Kubernetes知识和技能，能熟练地管理和操作Kubernetes集群，并解决各种问题和挑战。

nsace认证考试体系

nsace认证考试体系
NSACE（Nanjing Sapoke Assmann Certification Examination）是由南京萨博考尔认证考试中心（Nanjing Sapoke Assmann Certification Examination Center）主办的一套认证考试体系。

NSACE认证考试体系包括了多个认证考试项目，涵盖了不同领域和职业的认证需求。

目前，NSACE认证考试体系主要包括以下几个方面的认证考试：
1. IT技术类认证考试：包括计算机软件开发、网络技术、信息安全等方面的认证考试。

这些认证考试旨在测试考生在相关领域的专业知识和技能。

2. 项目管理类认证考试：包括项目经理、项目助理、项目协调员等方面的认证考试。

这些认证考试旨在测试考生在项目管理方面的知识和技能。

3. 质量管理类认证考试：包括质量经理、质量控制员、质量工程师等方面的认证考试。

这些认证考试旨在测试考生在质量管理方面的知识和技能。

4. 经济金融类认证考试：包括财务管理、金融投资、会计等方面的认证考试。

这些认证考试旨在测试考生在经济金融领域的专业知识和技能。

NSACE认证考试体系依据专业标准和相关行业需求，设置了
一系列认证考试项目，通过参加考试并通过考试，考生可以获得相应领域的认证，证明自己具备相关专业知识和技能。

实验室3Q验证

实验室用计算机系统验证方案杭州拦萃科技有限公司版本起草、审核、批准生效目录1. 概述 (3)1.1基本情况介绍 (3)1.2验证目的 (4)2. 验证类型错误！未定义书签1.3验证范围 (4)3.验证依据 ..................... 错误！未定义书签。

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7.1.1........................................................................... 硬件配置及安装确认. 67.1.2外部设备配置及安装确认. 错误！未定义书签。

7.1.3......................................................................... 软件配置安装确认. 67.2启动运行及外部数据链确认 (8)7.3安全权限确认. (9)7.3.1...................................................................... 登录方式确认. 97.3.2...................................................................... 使用权限确认. 97.3.2.1 ............................................................................ 计算机管理员使用权限确认97.3.2.2 ........................................................ 用户使用权限确认. 错误！未定义书签。