Mo-tsu-墨子-英语介绍 - 360文档中心

中国佛教、墨子、韩非子英语介绍

Mohism died out when the emerging imperial dynastic system promoted a Confucian orthodoxy. Daoism, similarly, grew out of a relativistic analysis of the Confucian-Mohist debate. Arguably, we owe to Mozi the fact that Chinese philosophy exists. Without him, Confucianism might never have risen above "wise man" sayings and Daoism might have languished as nothing more than a "Yellow Emperor" cult.

隋代佛林立。唐代统治者如唐太宗、武则天等依然笃信佛教。唐初，玄奘西行，艰辛求法17年，回国后共译佛经372部，为佛教在中国的传播作出了杰出的贡献。
玄奘法师
The time of Buddhism comes into China
comparison
respect of elders by their children; respect of husbands by their wives.
universal love
comparison

Mozi believe in universal love. He uses this story to criticize Confucian pro-family and "partial" moral attitudes. He depicts a conscript leaving his family to make war. It argues that if he were concerned about his family, he would want those to whom he entrusts them to adopt an attitude of universal concern. Confucian partiality is "inconstant" in that it recommends a public daoguiding discourse that is inconsistent with it. It can not consistently recommend itself as the collective social moral.

墨子 mozi mo-tse

Mne drawing of Mozi
2
The works Mohism
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4
Key Doctrines
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Achievements and Contributions
Mozi(Mo Di)
468 B.C—— 376 B.C
Spring and Autumn Period Warring States
添加标题锐普PPT图表——综合关系
节用
节葬
添加标题
反对奢侈浪费，添加标题主张勤俭节约
反对厚葬久丧，主张薄葬短丧
非乐
添加标题
非命反对命运之说，主张强力从事
反对奢靡的音乐活动，提倡节约人财物力
• If the state is in disorder, then expound ―elevating the worthy‖ and ―conforming upward‖; if the state is poor, then expound ―thrift in utilization‖ and ―thrift in funerals‖; if the state overindulges in musical entertainment, then expound ―rejecting music‖ and ―rejecting fate‖; if the state is dissolute and indecorous, expound ―respecting Heaven‖ and ―serving ghosts‖; if the state is devoted to aggression and intimidation, then expound ―inclusive care‖ and ―rejecting aggression.‖

介绍墨子的英文作文

介绍墨子的英文作文英文：Mozi, also known as Mo Di, was a philosopher andthinker during the Warring States period in ancient China. He was born in the state of Lu in the 5th century BC and founded the School of Mohism.Mozi believed in the concept of universal love, which he called "jian ai". This meant that everyone should love and care for each other equally, regardless of social status or nationality. He also believed in the importance of practicality and usefulness, and emphasized the need for people to work together to achieve common goals.One of Mozi's most famous teachings was his criticism of Confucianism's emphasis on ritual and tradition. He believed that these things were not as important as practical knowledge and skills that could be used to improve society.In addition to his philosophical teachings, Mozi also made significant contributions to the field of technology. He invented various machines and tools, including a type of crossbow that could shoot multiple arrows at once.Overall, Mozi's ideas and teachings had a significant impact on Chinese philosophy and culture. His emphasis on universal love and practicality continue to be relevant today.中文：墨子，又称墨翟，是中国古代战国时期的哲学家和思想家。

Mo-tsu_墨子_英语介绍

Other domains
2.mathematics
Mozi is the first scientist to view the mathematics for the rational perspective in the Chinese history. His gives some definitions about math, such as “middle point”, “circle” and “square”. He also focus on the decimal system.（十进制）
Other domains
4.machine building（机械制造） Mozi is the young handicraftsman and small producer's representative, is actually a giant. He spent 3 years elaborately making a wooden bird (a kite).And he is a master in making vehicles. The cars he made ran quickly and durable, which were praised by the people at that time.
Mo-tse and Mohism
——墨家学派创始人墨子
comparison
In Mozi’s early years, he studied Confucianism. Later he founded Mohism, and Finally he became an opposition faction of the Confucianism. He also drew his inspiration from the past, but despised the ceremony-loving（仁） Confucianism.

墨家英语介绍

恨贱众身家“主，，不”若视张可诈劫，视人“ 使不寡从其之兼毋欺，而家国相起愚富做视若爱 ”，不到人视交。凡侮“之其相天贫强身国利下，不若视” 祸贵执视人提篡不弱其之倡怨敖，
, , ,
Once upon a time，Mohist School was as popular as Confucianism，but why did it go extinct?
秘域中思里国想更文流是化派百源家远墨 Today，we are talking about a mysቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱic School of 争流家鸣长 thought— 。博今大 Mohist School 天精 (a school of thought in the Spring and Autumn 我深 and Warring States Periods, 770-221 B.C.) 们，介古 Chinese culture has a long history and profound. 绍代一思 Ideological field of ancient even filled of divergent 个想 viewpoints. 神领 --
The Internal cause: the Mohists was persistent to pursue We think there are two reasons. generally acknowledged truth.Thus,they They can proceed without hesitation to give their life. Undeniablly, ， the extinction is a was less As a consequence the number of of Mohist the members huge loss but it is a choice of history. and less. Today, the value of Mohist thought is saved although The External cause:Mohist school has its leaders, its entity disappear. doctrines and organizations and most of mohists were intellectuals,which Posed a threat to the government.

墨子的英文简介

墨子的英文简介墨子，东周春秋末期战国初期宋国人，他是墨家学派的创始人，也是战国时期著名的思想家、教育家、科学家、军事家。

下面是给大家整理的墨子的英文简介，供大家参阅!墨子简介Mozi (birth and death unknown), name Zhai (dí), the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn period Song Dynasty people, one said Luyang, one that Teng people. Mozi is the descendants of the Song Dynasty nobility, served as the Song Dynasty doctor. He was the founder of the Mohist school and the famous thinker, educator, scientist, and military strategist during the Warring States Period.Mozi is the only philosopher of Chinese origin in the history of China. Mozi founded the Mohist doctrine. Mohism had a great influence in the pre-Qin period, and it was called "the science". He made a "love", "non-attack", "Shangxian", "Shang Tong", "Tianzhi", "Ming ghost", "non-life", "non-fun", " "And so on. To love as the core, to save,Shangxian as the fulcrum. Mozi founded in the Warring States period to geology, physics, optics to highlight the achievements of a set of scientific theory. At the time of the hundred schools of thought contend, there are "non-Ru Jimo," said. After the death of Mozi, Mohist is divided into the phase of the ink, the husband of the ink, Dentham's ink three schools. His disciples according to Mozi life deeds of historical materials, to collect their quotations, completed the "Mozi" a book handed down.墨子人物生平Family backgroundMozi Mozi's ancestors is the royal family of the Shang Dynasty, he is Song Guojun Song Xianggong's brother of the descendants of the prodigal son of the first generation of Song Xianggong large Sima, and later his descendants from the aristocracy for the civilian population. After the simple ink name.About four years in the late spring and early Zhou Jing Wang (about 480 BC, one said that BC 476 years), Mo Ji Ji added Takako, Mozi came into being. Although its ancestors are aristocrats, but Mozi is the only Chinese history, a peasant origin philosopher.Early experienceAs a civilian, Mozi in the youth did her husband, learned carpenter. It is said that his ability to produce defensive equipment than the public transport class even clever. He claimed to be "I", was called "commoner". As the descendants of the aristocratic descent, he naturally also received essential cultural education, "Historical Records" recorded Mo has done Song Guo doctor. Mozi is a scholar who has considerable cultural knowledge and is close to small producers and peasants. Boasted that "no matter on the king, no farming under the hardships", is a sympathy "farmers and workers of the people" of the scholars. In his hometown, the torrent of the Yellow River rushing east, Mozi determined to go out to visit the world famous teacher, learn to rule the country, to restore their ancestors had glory.Under the teacherMozi wearing sandals, walking the world, began to study around Mozi had studied Confucianism from the teacher, studied Confucius Confucianism, praised Yao and Shun Yu, and studied Confucian classics such as "poem","book" and "spring and autumn". But Mozi criticized the Confucian scholars to treat the emperor, spirits and the fate of the incorrect attitude, as well as the funeral and funeral and extravagant ritual music, that Confucianism is talking about some of the nonsense, "so the back of the road and the summer government." From Mozi's criticism of Confucianism, it can be seen that there is nothing on the question of love. The term or concept used by Mozi to construct the system of love is basically the vocabulary of Confucianism, such as filial piety, mercy, benevolence, justice and so on. It shows that Mozi basically agrees and recognizes the value of Confucianism, only in the concrete direction Different interpretations to build their own theoretical system.The creation of inkMozi finally ruined Confucianism, another new theory, gathered in all over the lectures, with fierce words attacked the Confucian and the vassal state of the tyranny. A large number of handicraftsmen and lower-level scholars began to follow Mozi, and gradually formed his own Mexican school, became the main opposition of Confucianism. Mohism is a school that preaches benevolence. Before the rise of the legalistsrepresenting the interests of the new landlord class, the Mohist was one of the largest schools of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period and was listed as "obvious." At the time of the hundred schools of thought contend, there are "non-Ru Jimo," said.Wide disciplesMozi's life is mainly in two aspects: First, the reception of disciples, and actively promote their own doctrine; the second is to spare no effort to oppose the merger war. To promote their own ideas, Mo Guangzhao disciples, the general believers disciples reached hundreds of people as much as the formation of a massive ink school school.Travel around the countryMozi in Song Zhao Gong had done Song Guo doctor. But later the status of decline, close to the workers. Mozi's trail is very wide, east to Qi, north to Zheng, Wei, and intend to Vietnam, but the final line. Mozi had to prevent Lu Yang Wenjun attack Zheng, to persuade Luban stop Chu Song Song. Mozi repeatedly visited Chu, offer to Chu Hui Wang. Chu Hui Wang plans to seal the Mexican book, but Mozi finally did not accept. Later, he refused the king gave him the fief, left the Chu. Yue Wang invited Mozi as an official, and promised to hisfive hundred miles of the fief. Mozi to "listen to my advice, according to my reason to do things" as a condition, rather than the fief and Jue Lu, the purpose is to achieve their political aspirations and ideological ideas, was rejected by the king. Mozi came to Qi in his later years, trying to persuade the project sub-cattle crusade against Lu, but did not succeed.Ten claimsIn the "Mo Lu asked", Mo Zhai put forward the top ten advocates of Mohism. "" "Love", "non-attack", "Shangxian", "Shang Tong", "respect for heaven", "things ghost", "non-music", "non-life", "section", "funeral". In his view, according to the different circumstances of different countries, targeted to choose the ten best ideas in the program. Such as "national faint", on the choice of "Shangxian", "still with"; the country is weak, on the choice of "section" "Festival funeral";Mexican groupMohist is a group of disciplined organizations, wearing short-sleeved shoes, to participate in labor, to suffer for the noble. If those who violate these principles, ranging from dismissal, while in death. The supreme leader of the Mohist called the "monk", the members of the Mohist are called "ink", from generation to generation, all Mexicans are subject to the command of the giant must obey the "giant" guidance, and even " Dead do not spin heel. "The first moment is Mozi, later "moments" Meng Sheng, Tian Xiangzi, abdomen and so on. From the "moment" to implement the "Mozi of the law." Mexican "mom" abdomen living in Qin, his son to kill, this should be executed according to law. But Qin Hui Wang that old belly, only a son, ordered not to kill. The abdomen said that the ink of the law provides: "murderers die, wounded person." This is the necessary measures to prohibit the killing of wounding, it is in line with "the righteousness of the world", or insist on killing his son. This story vividly reflects the strict discipline of the Mexican discipline.Because of this, ink is able to fight. However, the Mohist isa religious group, often easy to be used. According to "Historical Records" records, in the Chu old aristocratic Yangcheng Jun and other people engaged in reform and reform of Wu Qi, the ink "mom" Meng Sheng on the side of Yangcheng Jun. Later Yangcheng Jun fear to escape, Chu to recover its closure of the country. Meng Sheng Yangcheng Jun Shouguo, loyal to Yangcheng Jun. He passed "mom" in Tian Xiangzi, his own death for the Yangcheng Jun, many disciples from its death. From this story can be seen, ink who have "knight" spirit. As the Ranger in the history of Ranger, as the Ranger said, may not act in line with justice, but to speak, tell the letter, promised to do things must do. And action decisive, do not cherish their own lives, to save the distress of others.Mohism three pointsIn Mozi later years, Confucian and ink par. After the death of Mozi, Mohist disciples still "full of the world", "countless", so although the Warring States period 100 philosophers, but "Confucianism and ink science" is the first of the hundred. After the death of Mozi, Mohism split into the phase of the ink, the husband of the ink, the town of Teng's ink three schools."Chuang Tzu world" said the disciple of the phase, Deng Lingzi's disciples suffer, his teeth, that is, the two factions in the two factions. They are learning "Mozi", but different, each other attack each other is "Do not ink". In the present "Mozi", each has the upper, middle and lower three, about the Mohist division into three factions of evidence. According to Guo Moruo study, Mexican group to Qin Hui Wang, there are concentrated in the Qin trend. Therefore, from the fourth generation of "mom" from the time, the center of the Mexican has been transferred to the Qin.Since then there are records, the East ink of the son, not thousands of miles into the Qin and see Qin Hui Wang. At this time the ink is still flourishing. But to the Han Dynasty, Mohism has died. Why is the Mohist death so fast? On this issue, the answer is very different, but also need further study. It is advisable to analyze the cause from the interior of the Mohist. Mohist and Confucianism, France, Tao and other home is that it is composed of ink by the religious group, with strict discipline, can go through fire and water, as death. These, as the average person is difficult to do. Pilgrimage is the Spring and Autumn period people, the legend is the chief disciple ofMozi, his word for the careful son. Poultry slim is once Confucian disciples disciples, learn in the sub-summer, after the transfer of investment ink, it has been concentrated ink.墨子人物评价Mozi is a thought giants, because he is a self-reliant portal, founded the Mohist doctrine; he is also a great love of the saints, because he is the history of China's two thousand years of civilization, the first standing in the bottom of the workers and the community He is indispensable in the history of China, because he and many saints together, to start thinking and confrontation, together to create a hundred schools of thought contend; he is still a scientist, is the first in Chinese history The role of the force, the principle of leverage, direct light, light and shadow relationship, small hole imaging, dotted line circle concept and many other fields have profound knowledge of people. Descendants of respect for Mozi as "Section St.".Mozi on their own evaluation: "This is also the righteousness", that the "heaven", that the "days of Chi", that the "King of the Road."Mozi's theory had a wide influence between the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, once inparallel with Confucianism. But in the Confucian view, the Mohist doctrine is evil. "Xunzi into phase," said: "Rituals cut interest rates, saints hidden, ink line." But the critics of the Mexican critics are not against Mozi respect for the day, Ming ghosts. Some commentators believe that Zun Tian, Ming ghosts only Mozi and Mohist school propaganda of its ideological form, which shows the days of wisdom, Ming ghost is not the real thoughts of Mozi, but not the mainstream of Mozi thought.Ban Gu "answer guest" said: "Kong seats are not warm, ink burst not Qian", that is, like the Confucius as Confucius as the world and all day long labor, even the mat will be warm and the stove of the chimney No. He "day and night endlessly to self-suffering", long-term running between the vassal state, to promote his political views."The achievements of Mozi in nature are not lower than those of ancient Greek scientists and philosophers, even higher than them, and his personal achievement is equal to the whole of Greece," said Mr. Yang Xiangkui, a famous contemporary scholar.Chairman Mao Zedong spoke highly of Mozi as an ancientdialectical materialist.墨子的英文简介。

介绍墨子的作文英文

介绍墨子的作文英文英文：Mozi, also known as Mo Di, was a Chinese philosopher and thinker who lived during the Warring States period. He founded the Mohism school of thought, which emphasized the importance of universal love and impartiality.One of Mozi's most famous teachings is the idea of "jian'ai," or "inclusive love." This concept emphasizes the importance of treating all people equally, regardless of their social status or background. Mozi believed that if everyone practiced jian'ai, society would be a much more harmonious and peaceful place.Another key aspect of Mozi's philosophy was his emphasis on practicality and usefulness. He believed that philosophy should be used to solve practical problems and improve people's lives, rather than simply being an abstract intellectual pursuit.Overall, Mozi's teachings were highly influential in ancient China, and continue to be studied and admired by scholars and thinkers today.中文：墨子，也被称为墨翟，是中国战国时期的一位哲学家和思想家。

关于墨子的英语作文

关于墨子的英语作文English: Mozi, also known as Mo Di, was a Chinese philosopher who lived during the Warring States period. He is best known for his philosophy of Mohism, which emphasized universal love and impartiality. Mozi believed in the importance of practical utility and criticized the excesses of Confucianism and Daoism. He advocatedfor the use of reason and logic to solve problems and believed in the power of open debate and discussion. Mozi's ideas on frugality, self-restraint, and self-cultivation influenced many aspects of Chinese culture. His work on ethics, politics, and warfare continues to be studied and debated by scholars today, highlighting the lasting impact of his philosophical contributions.中文翻译: 墨子，又称墨翟，是一位生活在战国时期的中国哲学家。

他以墨家思想而闻名，该思想强调普世爱和无私。

墨子认为实用主义的重要性，并批评儒家和道家的极端。

他主张运用理性和逻辑解决问题，并相信公开辩论和讨论的力量。

墨家传统文化英语介绍作文

墨家传统文化英语介绍作文Title: Introduction to Mohism: A Legacy of Traditional Chinese Culture。

Introduction:Mohism, one of the most significant philosophical schools in ancient China, has left an indelible mark on the cultural landscape of the country. Rooted in the teachings of the philosopher Mozi, Mohism emerged during the Warring States period and offered a unique perspective on ethics, governance, and social order. In this essay, we delve into the rich tapestry of Mohist thought, exploring its core principles, historical significance, and enduring legacy in contemporary society.Historical Background:The origins of Mohism can be traced back to the turbulent era of the Warring States (475–221 BCE), aperiod characterized by incessant warfare, political upheaval, and social unrest in ancient China. It was during this tumultuous time that Mozi, also known as Master Mo, founded the Mohist school of thought. Born in the state of Lu, Mozi was deeply troubled by the chaos and suffering wrought by war and sought to articulate a philosophy that would promote peace, harmony, and universal love.Core Principles:At the heart of Mohist philosophy lies the principle of "jian ai" or "universal love." According to Mozi, individuals should extend compassion and benevolence not only to their kin and compatriots but to all people, transcending the boundaries of kinship, ethnicity, and state. This ethic of universal love forms the cornerstone of Mohist thought and serves as the basis for its ethical and political teachings.In addition to universal love, Mohism espouses the principles of impartiality, frugality, and pragmatism. Mohists advocate for impartiality in governance, arguingthat officials should be selected based on merit rather than birth or social status. They also emphasize the importance of frugality and simplicity, condemning extravagance and luxury as detrimental to social harmony and stability. Furthermore, Mohists advocate forpracticality in decision-making, emphasizing the importance of utility and effectiveness in addressing social problems and promoting the public good.Impact and Legacy:Despite its relatively short-lived prominence during the Warring States period, Mohism exerted a profound influence on subsequent developments in Chinese philosophy and culture. The ethical ideals of universal love and impartiality continue to resonate in Chinese thought, informing debates on issues such as social justice, governance, and international relations. Moreover, the pragmatic approach of Mohist philosophy has found echoes in various fields, including engineering, military strategy, and governance.In contemporary China, Mohism has experienced a resurgence of interest among scholars, intellectuals, and policymakers seeking to address pressing social and ethical challenges. The emphasis on universal love and impartiality resonates with efforts to promote social cohesion, multiculturalism, and global cooperation in an increasingly interconnected world. Furthermore, the pragmatic ethos of Mohism offers valuable insights into the pursuit of sustainable development, technological innovation, and effective governance in the modern era.Conclusion:In conclusion, Mohism stands as a testament to the enduring relevance of traditional Chinese culture in the contemporary world. Its emphasis on universal love, impartiality, and pragmatism continues to inspire individuals and societies seeking to build a more just, harmonious, and compassionate world. By studying the rich legacy of Mohist thought, we gain valuable insights into the perennial quest for ethical living, social harmony, and human flourishing.。

墨子思想介绍英语作文

墨子思想介绍英语作文Mozi was a Chinese philosopher who lived during the Warring States period. He was known for his ethical and political philosophy, which emphasized the importance of universal love, social harmony, and the rejection of warfare and violence. His ideas have had a significant impact on Chinese history and culture, and they continue to be relevant in today's world.Mozi believed that the key to a harmonious society was the practice of universal love, or "jian'ai" in Chinese. He argued that people should treat others with kindness and compassion, regardless of their social status, wealth, or background. This idea of universal love was a radical departure from the prevailing attitudes of the time, which were often marked by conflict and strife. Mozi believedthat by practicing universal love, people could create a more peaceful and harmonious society.In addition to his emphasis on universal love, Mozialso advocated for the rejection of warfare and violence. He believed that warfare was destructive and ultimately futile, and that it only served to perpetuate a cycle of violence and suffering. Instead, he argued for the use of diplomacy and negotiation to resolve conflicts, and he believed that a peaceful and non-violent approach to international relations was the key to long-term stability and prosperity.Mozi's ideas have had a lasting impact on Chinese culture and society. His emphasis on universal love and the rejection of violence has been a guiding principle for many Chinese throughout history, and his philosophy continues to be influential in modern China. In addition, Mozi's ideas have also resonated with people around the world, and they continue to be relevant in today's globalized and interconnected world.In conclusion, Mozi was a philosopher who emphasized the importance of universal love, social harmony, and the rejection of warfare and violence. His ideas have had a significant impact on Chinese history and culture, and theycontinue to be relevant in today's world. By practicing universal love and rejecting violence, Mozi believed that people could create a more peaceful and harmonious society, and his philosophy continues to inspire people around the world.。

关于墨子的英语作文

关于墨子的英语作文Mozi, also known as Mo-tzu, was a Chinese philosopher and thinker who lived during the Warring States period in ancient China. He founded the school of Mohism, which was one of the most influential philosophical schools during that time.Mozi was born in the state of Lu in modern-day Shandong province, China, around the 5th century BC. He was a contemporary of other famous Chinese philosophers such as Confucius and Laozi. However, Mozi's philosophy was quite different from theirs.One of the key principles of Mozi's philosophy was the idea of universal love. He believed that all people should care for each other equally, regardless of their social status, wealth, or nationality. This concept of "universal love" was in stark contrast to the traditional Chinese belief in familial love and loyalty to one's own family and clan.Mozi was also a proponent of utilitarianism, the belief that actions should be judged based on their utility in promoting the overall happiness of the greatest number of people. He argued that the purpose of ethics and morality was to promote socialorder and harmony, rather than to uphold traditional rituals and values.In addition to his philosophical ideas, Mozi also made important contributions to the fields of mathematics, logic, and military strategy. He was one of the first Chinese philosophers to develop a systematic approach to logic and reasoning, and his writings on military tactics were highly influential during his time.Despite his groundbreaking ideas and contributions, Mozi's philosophy fell out of favor in the centuries following his death. However, in recent years, there has been a renewed interest in his work, as scholars and thinkers have begun to appreciate the relevance of his ideas to contemporary debates on ethics, politics, and social justice.Overall, Mozi's philosophy of universal love, utilitarianism, and rationality continues to inspire and challenge people to this day. His legacy as a pioneering thinker and philosopher in ancient China is a testament to the enduring power of his ideas and the impact they had on the intellectual and cultural life of his time.。

墨家思想英语作文

墨家思想英语作文The Mohist school of thought, also known as the School of Mo, was an ancient Chinese philosophy that emerged during the Warring States period. It was founded by Mozi, who emphasized universal love and the importance of impartiality and frugality. The Mohists believed in the concept of "inclusive care" and advocated for the well-being of all people, regardless of their social status or background.One of the key principles of Mohism is the idea of "universal love," which promotes the idea of treating others with kindness and compassion. This concept emphasizes the importance of caring for others and working towards the betterment of society as a whole. The Mohists believed that by practicing universal love, individuals could create a harmonious and peaceful society.In addition to promoting universal love, the Mohists also placed a strong emphasis on the concept of frugality.They believed that excessive and extravagant behavior ledto societal imbalance and inequality. By practicing frugality, the Mohists sought to promote equality and fairness within society, encouraging individuals to live modestly and avoid excessive luxury.The Mohists also advocated for the idea of impartiality, which emphasized the importance of making decisions and judgments without bias or favoritism. They believed that by being impartial, individuals could ensure fairness and justice in all aspects of society, from governance to interpersonal relationships.Overall, the Mohist school of thought offered a unique perspective on society and ethics, promoting the values of universal love, frugality, and impartiality. Theseprinciples continue to have relevance in the modern world, serving as a reminder of the importance of compassion, moderation, and fairness in our interactions with others.。

墨家思想的英语作文

墨家思想的英语作文The Mohist school of thought, also known as the Schoolof Mo, was an ancient Chinese philosophy that emergedduring the Warring States period. It was founded by the philosopher Mozi, who emphasized the importance of impartiality and universal love. The Mohists believed inthe concept of "impartial care," which meant treating everyone equally and promoting the well-being of all people.One of the key principles of Mohist philosophy was the idea of "inclusive care," which advocated for the welfareof all people, regardless of their social status or background. This concept of universal love was in stark contrast to the Confucian belief in the importance offilial piety and hierarchical relationships.In addition to their emphasis on universal love, the Mohists also promoted the idea of "frugality and simplicity." They believed in living a modest and humble life, free from extravagance and luxury. This was seen as away to promote social equality and reduce the gap between the rich and the poor.The Mohists were also known for their practical approach to philosophy, focusing on the application oftheir principles in everyday life. They were skilled in various crafts and technologies, and they believed in using their knowledge to benefit society as a whole.Despite the influence of Mohist philosophy during the Warring States period, it eventually declined and was overshadowed by the dominance of Confucianism and Daoism. However, the ideas and principles of the Mohists continue to have an impact on Chinese thought and culture to this day.。

《墨子》英译概观-5页精选文档

《墨子》英译概观墨子是我国历史上一位主要哲学家，他所创立的墨学在秦汉之前是和儒家齐名的显学。

记录其思想和观点的《墨子》一书涵盖的学科范围甚广，在我国乃至世界历史上都不多见。

由于多种原因，比起我国其他经典，如《道德经》《庄子》和《论语》等，《墨子》的英译本数量并不多。

但早在19世纪，西方汉学界就已经开始对《墨子》进行翻译和研究了。

据笔者检索统计，至2012年底，已经出版的《墨子》各类英译版本达12个，其中包含3个全译本。

此外还有一定数量《墨子》英译研究的学术论文和著作。

本文试图梳理和评析不同时期《墨子》英译本及其影响，以求教于译界同仁。

一、19世纪下半叶至20世纪上半叶的《墨子》英译概况早在19世纪60年代，《墨子》就已经引起了西方学者的关注。

1861年由香港伦敦传道会印刷所出版的《中国经典》（Chinese Classics）中，英国圣公会牧师理雅各（James Legge）就曾以较大的篇幅讨论了杨墨学说，并且还翻译了“兼爱”（上、中、下）三篇，其翻译的主要目的在于希望通过比附墨子的“兼爱”来宣扬基督博爱的道理。

由于理雅各在翻译时坚持以保持原文特色为主要目的，大部分译文对于缺乏中国传统典籍文化知识背景的西方读者来说，显得晦涩难懂。

因此，其关于《墨子》部分篇章的翻译，在当时并未引起广泛关注。

1919年商务印书馆出版了胡适的博士论文《中国古代逻辑方法之发展》（The Development of the Logical Method in Ancient China），此书遂成为中国学者向西方介绍墨学的最早的英文著作之一。

但也有学者认为，他在书中的“大胆的假设”并没有经过“小心的求证”[1]（113），将《墨子》中“墨经”部分归为“别墨”所作，这一观点在墨学研究历史上一直存有争议。

1927年，中国留美学者梅贻宝（Y. P. Mei）在哥伦比亚大学完成了题为Motse， the Neglected Rival of Confucius（《墨子：一位被人忽视却与孔子匹敌的对手》）的博士论文，除“墨经”和有关军事的部分，他在论文中翻译了现存《墨子》 53篇中的36篇，这部分译文于1929年在伦敦普罗赛因出版社单独出版，其书名为《墨子的伦理及政治论著》（The Ethical and Political Works of Motse）。

墨子的英文简介

墨子的英文简介墨子，东周春秋末期战国初期宋国人，他是墨家学派的创始人，也是战国时期著名的思想家、教育家、科学家、军事家。

下面是给大家整理的墨子的英文简介，供大家参阅!墨子简介Mozi (birth and death unknown), name Zhai (dí), the beginning of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty Spring and Autumn period Song Dynasty people, one said Luyang, one that Teng people. Mozi is the descendants of the Song Dynasty nobility, served as the Song Dynasty doctor. He was the founder of the Mohist school and the famous thinker, educator, scientist, and military strategist during the Warring States Period.Mozi is the only philosopher of Chinese origin in the history of China. Mozi founded the Mohist doctrine. Mohism had a great influence in the pre-Qin period, and it was called "the science". He made a "love", "non-attack", "Shangxian", "Shang Tong", "Tianzhi", "Ming ghost", "non-life", "non-fun", " "And so on. To love as the core, to save,Shangxian as the fulcrum. Mozi founded in the Warring States period to geology, physics, optics to highlight the achievements of a set of scientific theory. At the time of the hundred schools of thought contend, there are "non-Ru Jimo," said. After the death of Mozi, Mohist is divided into the phase of the ink, the husband of the ink, Dentham's ink three schools. His disciples according to Mozi life deeds of historical materials, to collect their quotations, completed the "Mozi" a book handed down.墨子人物生平Family backgroundMozi Mozi's ancestors is the royal family of the Shang Dynasty, he is Song Guojun Song Xianggong's brother of the descendants of the prodigal son of the first generation of Song Xianggong large Sima, and later his descendants from the aristocracy for the civilian population. After the simple ink name.About four years in the late spring and early Zhou Jing Wang (about 480 BC, one said that BC 476 years), Mo Ji Ji added Takako, Mozi came into being. Although its ancestors are aristocrats, but Mozi is the only Chinese history, a peasant origin philosopher.Early experienceAs a civilian, Mozi in the youth did her husband, learned carpenter. It is said that his ability to produce defensive equipment than the public transport class even clever. He claimed to be "I", was called "commoner". As the descendants of the aristocratic descent, he naturally also received essential cultural education, "Historical Records" recorded Mo has done Song Guo doctor. Mozi is a scholar who has considerable cultural knowledge and is close to small producers and peasants. Boasted that "no matter on the king, no farming under the hardships", is a sympathy "farmers and workers of the people" of the scholars. In his hometown, the torrent of the Yellow River rushing east, Mozi determined to go out to visit the world famous teacher, learn to rule the country, to restore their ancestors had glory.Under the teacherMozi wearing sandals, walking the world, began to study around Mozi had studied Confucianism from the teacher, studied Confucius Confucianism, praised Yao and Shun Yu, and studied Confucian classics such as "poem","book" and "spring and autumn". But Mozi criticized the Confucian scholars to treat the emperor, spirits and the fate of the incorrect attitude, as well as the funeral and funeral and extravagant ritual music, that Confucianism is talking about some of the nonsense, "so the back of the road and the summer government." From Mozi's criticism of Confucianism, it can be seen that there is nothing on the question of love. The term or concept used by Mozi to construct the system of love is basically the vocabulary of Confucianism, such as filial piety, mercy, benevolence, justice and so on. It shows that Mozi basically agrees and recognizes the value of Confucianism, only in the concrete direction Different interpretations to build their own theoretical system.The creation of inkMozi finally ruined Confucianism, another new theory, gathered in all over the lectures, with fierce words attacked the Confucian and the vassal state of the tyranny. A large number of handicraftsmen and lower-level scholars began to follow Mozi, and gradually formed his own Mexican school, became the main opposition of Confucianism. Mohism is a school that preaches benevolence. Before the rise of the legalistsrepresenting the interests of the new landlord class, the Mohist was one of the largest schools of Confucianism in the pre-Qin period and was listed as "obvious." At the time of the hundred schools of thought contend, there are "non-Ru Jimo," said.Wide disciplesMozi's life is mainly in two aspects: First, the reception of disciples, and actively promote their own doctrine; the second is to spare no effort to oppose the merger war. To promote their own ideas, Mo Guangzhao disciples, the general believers disciples reached hundreds of people as much as the formation of a massive ink school school.Travel around the countryMozi in Song Zhao Gong had done Song Guo doctor. But later the status of decline, close to the workers. Mozi's trail is very wide, east to Qi, north to Zheng, Wei, and intend to Vietnam, but the final line. Mozi had to prevent Lu Yang Wenjun attack Zheng, to persuade Luban stop Chu Song Song. Mozi repeatedly visited Chu, offer to Chu Hui Wang. Chu Hui Wang plans to seal the Mexican book, but Mozi finally did not accept. Later, he refused the king gave him the fief, left the Chu. Yue Wang invited Mozi as an official, and promised to hisfive hundred miles of the fief. Mozi to "listen to my advice, according to my reason to do things" as a condition, rather than the fief and Jue Lu, the purpose is to achieve their political aspirations and ideological ideas, was rejected by the king. Mozi came to Qi in his later years, trying to persuade the project sub-cattle crusade against Lu, but did not succeed.Ten claimsIn the "Mo Lu asked", Mo Zhai put forward the top ten advocates of Mohism. "" "Love", "non-attack", "Shangxian", "Shang Tong", "respect for heaven", "things ghost", "non-music", "non-life", "section", "funeral". In his view, according to the different circumstances of different countries, targeted to choose the ten best ideas in the program. Such as "national faint", on the choice of "Shangxian", "still with"; the country is weak, on the choice of "section" "Festival funeral";Mexican groupMohist is a group of disciplined organizations, wearing short-sleeved shoes, to participate in labor, to suffer for the noble. If those who violate these principles, ranging from dismissal, while in death. The supreme leader of the Mohist called the "monk", the members of the Mohist are called "ink", from generation to generation, all Mexicans are subject to the command of the giant must obey the "giant" guidance, and even " Dead do not spin heel. "The first moment is Mozi, later "moments" Meng Sheng, Tian Xiangzi, abdomen and so on. From the "moment" to implement the "Mozi of the law." Mexican "mom" abdomen living in Qin, his son to kill, this should be executed according to law. But Qin Hui Wang that old belly, only a son, ordered not to kill. The abdomen said that the ink of the law provides: "murderers die, wounded person." This is the necessary measures to prohibit the killing of wounding, it is in line with "the righteousness of the world", or insist on killing his son. This story vividly reflects the strict discipline of the Mexican discipline.Because of this, ink is able to fight. However, the Mohist isa religious group, often easy to be used. According to "Historical Records" records, in the Chu old aristocratic Yangcheng Jun and other people engaged in reform and reform of Wu Qi, the ink "mom" Meng Sheng on the side of Yangcheng Jun. Later Yangcheng Jun fear to escape, Chu to recover its closure of the country. Meng Sheng Yangcheng Jun Shouguo, loyal to Yangcheng Jun. He passed "mom" in Tian Xiangzi, his own death for the Yangcheng Jun, many disciples from its death. From this story can be seen, ink who have "knight" spirit. As the Ranger in the history of Ranger, as the Ranger said, may not act in line with justice, but to speak, tell the letter, promised to do things must do. And action decisive, do not cherish their own lives, to save the distress of others.Mohism three pointsIn Mozi later years, Confucian and ink par. After the death of Mozi, Mohist disciples still "full of the world", "countless", so although the Warring States period 100 philosophers, but "Confucianism and ink science" is the first of the hundred. After the death of Mozi, Mohism split into the phase of the ink, the husband of the ink, the town of Teng's ink three schools."Chuang Tzu world" said the disciple of the phase, Deng Lingzi's disciples suffer, his teeth, that is, the two factions in the two factions. They are learning "Mozi", but different, each other attack each other is "Do not ink". In the present "Mozi", each has the upper, middle and lower three, about the Mohist division into three factions of evidence. According to Guo Moruo study, Mexican group to Qin Hui Wang, there are concentrated in the Qin trend. Therefore, from the fourth generation of "mom" from the time, the center of the Mexican has been transferred to the Qin.Since then there are records, the East ink of the son, not thousands of miles into the Qin and see Qin Hui Wang. At this time the ink is still flourishing. But to the Han Dynasty, Mohism has died. Why is the Mohist death so fast? On this issue, the answer is very different, but also need further study. It is advisable to analyze the cause from the interior of the Mohist. Mohist and Confucianism, France, Tao and other home is that it is composed of ink by the religious group, with strict discipline, can go through fire and water, as death. These, as the average person is difficult to do. Pilgrimage is the Spring and Autumn period people, the legend is the chief disciple ofMozi, his word for the careful son. Poultry slim is once Confucian disciples disciples, learn in the sub-summer, after the transfer of investment ink, it has been concentrated ink.墨子人物评价Mozi is a thought giants, because he is a self-reliant portal, founded the Mohist doctrine; he is also a great love of the saints, because he is the history of China's two thousand years of civilization, the first standing in the bottom of the workers and the community He is indispensable in the history of China, because he and many saints together, to start thinking and confrontation, together to create a hundred schools of thought contend; he is still a scientist, is the first in Chinese history The role of the force, the principle of leverage, direct light, light and shadow relationship, small hole imaging, dotted line circle concept and many other fields have profound knowledge of people. Descendants of respect for Mozi as "Section St.".Mozi on their own evaluation: "This is also the righteousness", that the "heaven", that the "days of Chi", that the "King of the Road."Mozi's theory had a wide influence between the Spring and Autumn and the Warring States Period, once inparallel with Confucianism. But in the Confucian view, the Mohist doctrine is evil. "Xunzi into phase," said: "Rituals cut interest rates, saints hidden, ink line." But the critics of the Mexican critics are not against Mozi respect for the day, Ming ghosts. Some commentators believe that Zun Tian, Ming ghosts only Mozi and Mohist school propaganda of its ideological form, which shows the days of wisdom, Ming ghost is not the real thoughts of Mozi, but not the mainstream of Mozi thought.Ban Gu "answer guest" said: "Kong seats are not warm, ink burst not Qian", that is, like the Confucius as Confucius as the world and all day long labor, even the mat will be warm and the stove of the chimney No. He "day and night endlessly to self-suffering", long-term running between the vassal state, to promote his political views."The achievements of Mozi in nature are not lower than those of ancient Greek scientists and philosophers, even higher than them, and his personal achievement is equal to the whole of Greece," said Mr. Yang Xiangkui, a famous contemporary scholar.Chairman Mao Zedong spoke highly of Mozi as an ancientdialectical materialist.墨子的英文简介。

墨子 Mò Zǐ (468-376 BC)—中国历史人物英文介绍

墨子MòZǐ(468-376 BC)Pacifist Thinker and Inventor Born in the State of Lu (in today's Shandong Province), Mo Zi was a thinker, political activist, educator and scientist during the early Warring StatesPeriod (476-221 BC).He studied Confucianism when he was young, but later he rebelled against the philosophy for its excessive emphasis on elaborate celebrations andfunerals. So, before he reached the age of 30, he began to form the school of Mohism to strongly argue against Confucianism and Taoism.Mo Zi managed to attract a large following with his ideas such as "impartial love" and "non-attack" elaborated in his 10 core theses. He and hisfollowers also formulated China's first explicit ethical and political theories and advocated meritocracy and the public good.But Mo Zi first began his career as a carpenter and he was known for his exceptional skills. He had invented many farming machines and militarycontraptions.He even designed a wooden eagle that, it is said, could really fly. People still believe that if Mo Zi hadn't later switchedto study and dissemination ofhis philosophical ideas, he could have been remembered today as a legendary carpenter like his contemporary, master carpenter and artisan Lu Ban.In order to pursue his pacifism, he traveled to many states and tried to dissuade rulers from their plans of conquest and to persuade them of hisconcept of "impartial love."In the State of Chu, the well-known artisan Lu Ban had invented a wheeled, mobile "cloud ladder" that could be used to attack towns fortified with tallwalls.The king of the State of Chu planned to use this siege engine to launch an attack against the State of Song.Learning the news, Mo Zi walked 10 days and nights, rushing to the State of Chu to meet the artisan. He told him that the planned war would costmany lives and should be called off. Meanwhile, he said the new war machine was not invincible.Lu Ban didn't believe Mo Zi, so Mo challenged him to a war game in front of the king —the "cloud ladder" would be used in the attack on a town andMo Zi would defend it with his own devices and strategies.After several rounds, the famed artisan failed to break through Mo Zi's defenses. Then, he said: "I have one more arrangement that can definitelyconquer any town."Mo Zi replied: "I know what's on your mind. You want to kill me. You believe that once I am dead, there will be no one to defend the State of Song."But, you are wrong. I have already sent a dozen of my best students to the State of Song to teach them how to strengthen their defenses and use mystratagems."Seeing that he would fail, the king of Chu reluctantly called off the planned attack.But Mohism received a fatal blow during the Qin Dynasty(221-206 BC) when the ruler adopted legalist theories and tried to eliminate all other doctrines with a "burning of books and burying of scholars" campaign.Later, Mohism faded into oblivion when Confucianism became the dominant ideology during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD).However, more than 2,000 years after his death, people have again begun to study and follow some of the key principles of the great thinker.Particularly, his thoughts of "universal love," his promotion of a simple life and his trenchant condemnation of "offensive war" have been revived.。

孟子与墨子介绍英语精选文档

当告之说“食色，性也。”时，在告之和孟子之间有了一个关于人性呈现的著名争论。孟子没有与这个争论矛盾，而且他甚至同意陈述中渴望和欲望构成人性中最重要的部分。
8
Mencius and His Philosophy
Therefore “Slight is the difference between man and the beast . The commom man loses this difference ,while the gentleman retains it.”人( 之所以异于禽兽者几希，庶民去了，君子存之 ) It is this slight difference that sets man apart from animals.
5
Mencius and His Philosophy
Mencius believed that all men are born virtuous. Every person can be as sage( 圣人). They have the inclination toward goodness, just as natural as the inclination of
忽略和滥用“性本善”会导致人们陷入邪恶之洞。一旦个人恢复他原始的善良，国家回到纯洁而有秩序的与以往的时代。那么个人和社会的罪恶将会消失。这是孟子学说的中心，孔子学派的正统。
7
Mencius and His Philosophy
A famous dispute about human natural arose between Gao Zi(告之) and Mencius when Gao Zhi said ,”appetites for food and sex are human nature.”食( 色，性也 ). Mencius did not contradict with this statement , and he even admitted that desires and appetites constitute the greatest part of human nature.