英国文学作家作品期末总结复习资料
英国文学期末复习资料【最新】
22、Three main trends of literature:modernism,Angry Young Men and The Theatre of the Absurd.
23、D.H Lawence:Sons and Lovers
英国文Байду номын сангаас期末复习
一、选择
1、浪漫主义时期开始的标志：the publication of the Lyrical Ballads(1798) Wordsworth.
结束：the death of Sir Walter Scott.1832
2、湖畔派诗人（Lake Poets)：Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey.
28、批判小说之父：Thackeray, Dickens
29、“冬天来了，春天还会远么”出自《The Ode to the West Wind》
二、名词解释
1、Dramatic monologue
A kind of poem in which a single fictional or historical character other thanthe poet speaks to a silent‘audience’of one or more persons. Such poems reveal not the poet‘s own thoughts but the mind of the impersonated模仿；扮演character, whose personality is revealed unwittingly; this distinguishes a dramatic monologue from a lyric, while the implied presence of an auditor distinguishes it from a soliloquy.It is a piece of spoken verse that offers great insight into the feelings of the speakers.
英国文学期末考试重点
一、english renaissance 文艺复兴1、william shakespeare 威廉。
莎士比亚Sonnets 骚体十四行诗五步抑扬格四大悲剧：《哈姆雷特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）、《李尔王》（King Lear）。
四大喜剧：《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of venice）、《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night's Dream）、《皆大欢喜》（As You Like It）、《第十二夜》（Twelfth Night）。
To be or not to be.That is a question. 生存还是毁灭，这是一个值得考虑的问题。
（哈姆雷特）Hamlet is the greatest tragedy of his hamlet,the melancholic scholar-prince,faces the dilemma between action and mind.二、17世纪早期2、John Dunn约翰·多恩“玄学派诗人” Metaphysical poets“Song”、“devotions upon emergent occasions”紧急时刻祈祷文、“poems”诗歌“The flea”跳蚤（男主人公试图劝诱情人放弃无用的贞操观，与他及时行乐）3、jone milton 约翰。
弥尔顿英国文学巨匠“On the morning of christ’s nativity”圣诞清晨歌、“areopagitica”论出版自由“When I consider how my light is spent”(十四行诗)“Paradise lost”失乐园无韵体五步抑扬格（the story of Satan’s rebellion against God, and of the disobedience and fall of Adam and Eve. It is the only generally acknowledged epic in english literature since Beowulf.）三、复辟和十八世纪4、daniel defoe 丹尼尔。
外国文学史期末复习笔记
外国文学史一、勃朗特三姐妹在英国文学史上，勃朗特三姐妹被称为“荒原上短暂的石楠花”。
他们三姐妹分别为：“夏洛蒂·勃朗特，艾米丽·勃朗特，安妮·勃朗特。
1.夏洛蒂·勃朗特（1816—1855）19世纪英国著名的现实主义女作家。
一生写作四部小说：《教师》，《简爱》，《谢利》，《维莱特》。
其中《简爱》是她的成名作，也是她的代表作。
2.艾米莉勃朗特（1818—1848）英国著名小说家，诗人。
以唯一的一部小说《呼啸山庄》驰名文坛，他沉默寡言，性情孤僻，一生中几乎没有朋友，但他却有惊人的想象力和卓越的文采，被誉为英国19世纪文学史中最奇特的女作家，她除了小说《呼啸山庄》外，还创作了193首诗。
3.安妮勃朗特英国小说家和诗人，他的性格与两位姐姐截然不同，是一个温柔文静，相当克己的人。
一生写过两部小说：半自传体的《阿格尼斯格雷》和《荒野庄园的访客》。
二、多余人出自俄国作家屠格涅夫的《多余人日记》。
“多余人”是19世纪俄国文学中所描绘的贵族知识分子的一种典型。
他们的特点是出身贵族，生活在优裕的环境中，受过良好的文化教育。
他们虽有高尚的理想，却远离人民；虽不满现实，却缺少行动，他们是“思想上的巨人，行动上的矮子”，只能在愤世嫉俗中白白地浪费自己的才华。
他们既不愿站在政府的一边，与上流社会同流合污，又不能和人民站在一起，反对专制制度和农奴制度。
他们很是心仪西方的自由思想，他们也很不满俄国的现状，又无能为力改变这种现状，然而他们又是大贵族和权势者的代表人物，不可能与底层人民相结合以改变俄国的现状。
1.普希金《叶甫盖尼。
奥涅金》：奥涅金是俄国文学史上第一个“多余人”形象。
2.莱蒙托夫《当代英雄》：毕巧林3.赫尔岑《谁之罪》：别尔托夫4.屠格涅夫《罗亭》：罗亭5.《贵族之家》：拉夫列茨基6.冈察洛夫《奥勃洛摩夫》：奥勃洛摩夫三、小人物“小人物”特指19世纪俄国批判现实主义文学作品中出现的一种小人物形象，他们在社会中处于底层，生活困苦，地位卑微，但又逆来顺受，安分守已，性格懦弱，胆小怕事，成为那些“大人物”统治的牺牲者，是被剥削、被欺凌的典型形象。
英国文学期末重点总结
英国文学期末一.The contributions of Geoffrey Chaucer.1.The first to present a comprehensive and realistic picture of the English society of his time and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all works of life in his masterpiece The Canterbury Tales.2.Introduced from France the rhymed stanzas of various types to replace the Old English alliterative verse the first to use heroic couplet.3.Contributed to the establishment of English as the literary language of England, based on London dialect. He raised the language to the higher literary level by writing with a polish and ease.二.The feature of humanism.1.It believed that man is the measure of all things, it stands for devotion to the humane values represented in classical literature.2.Against the medieval feudal value and blind faith in after-life, the humanists believed in man's capability of self perfection and emphasized the importance of personal worth and the joy of the present life.三.The character of Shylock.1.Shylock's demand for a pound of flesh has made him one of literature's most memorable villains, but many readers and play gores have found him a powerful and sympathetic figure.Shakespeare makes him seem more human by showing that his hatred is born of the mistreatment he has suffered in a christian society.2.At the same time, when the Merchant of Venice was created, anti-semitism prevailed in England.Traits of the stereotyped Jews:greedy, miserly, cruel, full of hatred and revenge, devoid of gentility and interests in music and poetry.3.In a word,he is a Jews usurer,mean, greedy,cunning,cruel,vengeful,merciless,a,sophist,but also a victim of racial discrimination and religious persecution.四.Metaphysical conceit.A conceit is a figure of speech which makes an unusual and sometimes elaborately sustained comparison between two dissimilar things.五.Features of Neoclassicism.1.Reason emphasized: it is inartistic to show unrestrained emotion in lit,reason,order,regularity are admired rather than fancy and imagination.2.Form is stressed rather than content: craftsmanship, balance,proportion,harmony,grace,poetic diction; "what oft was thought, but never so well expressed."(pope)3.Didactic and satirical: writer had the duty to educate as well as entertain people, satire being an effective means of correcting people's folly and weakness.4.City life and man-made object preferred: city life gives a sense of order while rural wild life, natural landscape were coarse, chaotic and disorderly.六.The character of Robinson Crusoe.A real hero, a typical 18th century English middle class man, with a great capacity for work, inexhaustible energy, courage, patience and persistence in overcoming obstacles, in struggling against hostile natural environment and also against human fate.七.Gulliver's Travels.1.Four travels:a. Lilliput (6-inch high people):An allegory of English politics in the early 18th century when the Whigs and Tories were fighting bitterly for the control of the country.Exposure of the corruption,political and religious strife and social vices.b.Brobdingnag,a mock utopia. The inhabitants of the country are gentle and peace,loving and ruled by a fair and merciful king; Gulliver,in contrast,seems petty,vindictive and cruel;The giants are superior the human beings both in wisdom and in humanity.c.The kingdom of Laputa, a flying island and its colonies;the so called philosophers and scientists engrossed in abstract speculation and useless experiments;containing criticism of the malpractices and false illusions about science,philosophy,history and immortality in early 18th C.d.The land of the Houyhnms,the horse are governed totally by reason and created a society perfectly ordered and peaceful the Yahoos are greedy,envious,cruel anddisgusting bruts.The Yahoos represent the worst traits in human nature,and the lowest level to which man might sink.2.The significance of this book.Gulliver's Travel is a biting satire,both humorous and critical,attacking British and European society through its description of imaginary countries.As a whole,the book is one of the most effective and devastating satires of all aspects in the English and European life......socially,politically,religiously, philosophical scientifically and morally.Caused critical controversy,often mistaken for a misanthropist.八.The significance of Tom Jones.The novel is admirable for the panoramic view of the 18th C English society;about 40 characters are portrayed from nearly all classes of society;the setting is wide-ranging and varied, shifting from the country to the city.The superb plot contruction; 18 books equally divided into 3 sections,clearly marked out by the change of scenes; classical effect of balance.九.The features of Romanticism.1.A strong reaction and protest against the bondage of rules and conventions;favored innovations in subject and form.2.Turned the nature,particularly the rural,wild landscape, for its poetic imagery and subject matter.3.Admired passion and imagination;regarded passion, imagination and originality as something crucial for true poetry.4.Interested in the ancient, the exotic,the uncivilized way of life;turned the the primitive literature for inspiration and models.5.Emphasis upon the individuality of people as against the neoclassicist s’ stress on social virtues.十.Wordsworth's Theory.In the preface the the second edition of lyrical Ballads he explained his poetic theory.It is regarded as the declaration of Romanticism.1.Good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings.mon life as subject,scenes and events of everyday life,joys and sorrows of thecommon people most suitable for poetry.3.Simple language:the fresh ,living everyday speech is most suitable for poetry.4.Return the nature,nature as a teacher,the stepping stone between God and Man.十一.What's Byronic Hero?1.The Byronic Hero is an idealized but flawed character exemplified in the life and writings of Lord Byron.2.This Byronic Hero would shoulder the burden of righting all the wrongs in the world and fight alone against any type of tyranny.十二.What's the author's opinion about marriage in Pride and Prejudice?1.We must have good judgment if we want to form good relationships in life.2.Our first impression ually wrong.Maturity is achieved through the loss of illusions.3.She regarded love and marriage as the typical theme of her novel,her ideal marriage have three elements:true love ,personal merits and money.十三.Features of Dickens' work.1.His works offer a most complete and realistic picture of the English society of his age.2.He believed in the moral self-perfection of class contradictions.There is a tendency for a reconciliation of class contradictions.3.Almost all his novels have happy endings.4.He drew a lot from the experiences of his childhood.5.As a humorist, his novel are full of humor and laughter.十四.Theme of the Vanity Fair.Selfishness and corruption of the upper classes;Showing a society which judges people on money and appearance and ignores the true virtues.十五.The character of Jane Eyre.1.Jane is intelligent,well educated,industrious,compassion:ate,and morally upright,with an independent spirit.2.A woman of high principle,religious faith self-respect and moral strength.3.Desire for independence,self-identification and self-fulfilment.4.For this Charlotte is considered a forerunner of feminism and Jane Eyre a feminist novel.十六．有特殊地位的作家1.Geoffrey Chaucer:Father of English Literature.2.William Shakespeare:The master of language.3.John Donne: Father of the Metaphysical poetry.4.John Milton：The greatest poet of 17th C.5.Three poet laureate:William Wordsworth ; Alfred Lord Tennyson ; Southey6.Daniel Defoe: Father of English novel.7.Charles Dickens: The greatest representative of critical realism.8.James Joyce: Father of stream of consciousness novel.9.Henry Fielding: Father of English realistic novel.10.William Blake: The forerunner of Romanticism.ke poets:William Wordsworth; Coleridge; Southey十七．各个时期的文学潮流1.The Anglo-Saxon period and The Anglo-Norman period: epic and romance.2.The renaissance:humanism.3.The period of revolution and restoration: metaphysical poets.4.The age of Enligtenment: neoclassicism; Gothic novel ; sentimentalism ; Pre-romantic poetry ; drama ; chivalry.5.The romantic period: lake poets ; Byronic hero ; ode6.The victorian age: critical realism; romantically and realistically; novel。
英国文学期末复习资料
Renaissance1. Artistic Productions:Arts: Leonardo Da Vinci ( Mona Lisa )Michel Angelo ( David )2. Literature:Italy: Petrarch: sonnets; Boccaccio: Decameron; Dante: Divina;France: Rabelais: Gargantua and Pantagruel; Montaigne: EssaySpain: Saavedra de Cervantes: Don QuixoteCharacteristicsHumanism is the essence of the Renaissance.1. For the first time in history, the medieval minds saw the beauty of the human form and learned about the importance of human life and human values.2. Man began to live for his own sake more than for God and for the next world.Renaissance, literally as the rebirth of letters, has a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.William ShakespeareAnalysis of Sonnet 18--Shall I Compare thee to a Summer’s Day?On the surface, the poem is a statement of praise about the beauty of the beloved woman. The beloved's "eternal sum mer" shall not fade precisely because it is embodied in the sonnet. He doesn't want her beauty to be compared to a tra nsitory period like summer. Transiency of time is also the themes of Sonnet 18.The poet does not want the beauty t o fade with time. To him, her beauty must be like the eternal summer. Beauty should be appreciated. The best way t o preserve her beauty is to keep it in this poem. Actually, the writer wanted to express his view that art can keep the b eauty forever. Art not only can make people enjoy the beauty by reading it, but also be a beauty itself. Natural beaut y would be knocked out with the passing of the time. Only can the art bring the eternity.1. Why is the speaker’s loved one more lovely than a summer’s day? What qualities does he admire in the loved one?2. Describe the shift in tone and subject matter that begins in line 9.3. What does the couplet say about the relation between art and love?Answers:1. The summer’s day will use its strong wind to shake the charming buds, sometimes be overcast, decline from the fair, and finally be deprived by the nature’s changing, while the loved one is much more moderate and lovely, whose fair can be integrated into author’s sonnet, transforming into a stationary and immortal one.2. The author compared the loved one, just in a soft and sentimental tone similar to many love sonnets, to a summer’s day in the first 4 lines, while, in the following 4, developing this concept to the poor power of people failing to retain the fair against Nature. But in line 9, the author reversed it in a more emotional and definite tone to express the eternal youth of the loved one.3. The fair, the love, can be turned immortal by the transmission of the art, the literature, while passed down from generation to generation. It’s the love in the art that makes the art everlasting. Love can give birth to the art right in which love can be passed on.Paradise Lost :John MiltonAttitude(1) To God:A model Puritan as he was, Milton held absolute faith in God.(2) To Devil:Satan is not thoroughly condemned;Satan seems to be symbolic of the fight for freedom and against control in life.(3) To Man:The fall and evil a nd sin may all have been part of God’s grand design.He may have meant life to be both good and evil for man’s education and growth.On His Blindness该诗的前八行写诗人失明之后他所持的内心沮丧、情绪低落的悲观情绪，以至于对上帝不满。
英国文学期末考试复习要点
英国文学期末考试复习要点1 .英国最早的居民：凯尔特人Celts2 .英语语言起源于盎格鲁萨克斯ANGLO-SAXON部落融合统一之后，发展于诺曼征月艮NormanConquest之后。
3 .古代文学两个分支（异教徒文学Pagan和基督文学Christian EOWULF文学地位（英国的民族史诗nationalepicof England）,人物角色（Beowulf,Grendel,Grendel'smother,Fire Dragon,Wiglef），修辞手法（头韵法alliteration,暗喻metaphor,低调陈述understatement）4 .诺曼征服人物WilliamtheConqueror,骑土Romance文学年代（中世纪14th-16TH）,《高文和绿衣骑士的故事》SirGawain andtheGreenKnight（亚瑟王传说最佳作品）mattersof Fitain。
骑士的优良传统美德P.21选段，反映的是英国的故事（忠诚loyalty）5 .威廉朗莱德WilliamLangland作品《耕者皮尔斯》PiersthePlowman（十四世纪以梦境dreamvision呈现的作品）6 .乔叟Chaucer地位（诗歌之父Fatherof EnglishPoetry）,主要作品TheCanteberryTales,文学贡献（英雄双行体HeroicCouplet,净化purifiedLONDON音dialect）,葬于西敏寺大教堂WestminsterAbbey,为此建立诗人角Poet'sCorner；《坎特伯雷故事集》主要人物（32朝圣者pilgrims）,选作P45（时间April,地点TabardInn,人物，巴斯妇人的故事WifeofBath）,抑扬五步格iambicpentameter （轻音unstressedsyllable+t音stressedsyllable7 .实行政教分离者（亨利八世HenryVIII）ReligiousReformation:TheKingbroke.托马斯摩尔ThomasMore的《乌托邦》offwiththePope.Utopia,宣扬财产property与困境poverty分离和建立理想国度idealstate。
英国文学期末复习资料整理总结
I. Multiple Choice – 2 points eachII. Matching – 1 point eachIII. Literary Terms – 4 points eachAllegory (寓言p64)is aliterary device that uses symbols, characters, and actions to represent truths about human existence. When these symbols, characters, or actions are used together, it creates an extended comparison that gives a message about the real world. Pilgrim’s Progress is an example.是一种文学手段，它使用符号、人物和行为来代表关于人类存在的真理。
当这些符号、字符或动作一起使用时，它会创建一个扩展的比较，提供关于真实世界的信息。
《天路历程》就是一个例子。
Sonnet (十四行诗 p27)A 14-line poem with a definite rhyme scheme and meter. Shakespeare wrote 154 of these kinds of poems.一首十四行诗，有明确的韵脚和韵律。
莎士比亚写了154首这样的诗。
Soliloquy (独白)An extended speech by one person that reveals their inner thoughts, feelings, or intentions. The character is usually alone, and the purpose is to reveal inner thoughts to the audience.一个人的演说，揭示他们内心的想法、感情或意图。
英国文学期末复习资料
1,Old English Literature (A.D.600-about A.D.1100)Poetry:Beowulf 《贝尔伍夫》: the author is unknown （Secular literature世俗文学）1, Hrothgar胡鲁斯加王, King of the Danes, and Beowulf, a brave young man,2, the first great English literary work, the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons passed from mouth to mouth for hundreds years, was written down in the 10th century, Features:1, Each half line has two main beats.2,There is no rhyme. Instead, each half line is joined to the other by alliteration头韵. 3,Things are described indirectly and in combinations of words.4, As is known, the Anglo-Saxons were Christianized by the end of the 7th century. Major themes:1.This epic presents a vivid picture of how the primitive people wage heroic struggles against the hostile forces of the natural world represented by Grendel, his mother and the fire-breathing dragon under the wise and mighty leader.2.The poem conveys a hope that the righteous will triumph over the evil. Beowulf stands for all that is good, brave and proper, while the monsters stand for evil. Prose:Anglo-Saxon Chronicle盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史1,written under the encouragement and supervision of King Alfred the Great (849-899)阿尔弗雷德大帝2,an early history of the country which begins with Caesar’s conquest凯撒征服and is a monument不朽的作品of Old English Prose.Aelfric埃尔弗里克（mostly religious)：His prose style is the best in Old English. And he uses alliteration头韵to join his sentences together.2，Middle English Literature (from about 1100 to about 1500) Norman Conquest(1066): the English VS the Norman armies place:near Hastings黑斯廷斯Result: the leader of English, Harold, was killed, English lost decisive battle William, the Conqueror, became the King of England1. Politically, a feudalist system封建制度was established in England.（feudalism）2. Religiously, the Roman Catholic Church had a much stronger control over the country.3. Great changes took place in the English language.4. The conquest opened up England to the whole European continent, so that with the introduction of the culture and literature of France, Italy and other European countries a fresh wave of Mediterranean civilization came into England.Three languages co-existed in England during this period.：French (the official language): King, Norman lordsLatin (the principal tongue of church affairs): clergymen and scholarsEnglish: common peopleGreat events in this period:The Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453)英法百年战争The Black Death(1348-1350) 黑死病Literature：strongly reflects the principles of the medieval中世纪Christian doctrines基督教教义, which are primarily concerned with the issue of personal salvation自我拯救.The romance传奇文学;Geoffrey of Monmouth蒙茅斯的杰弗里：英国历史学家History of the Kings of Britain (in Latin Prose)(不列颠诸王记)Layamon莱亚门：英国诗人Brut《布鲁特》Thomas Malory马洛礼：Mort D’Arthur(in English prose)《亚瑟王之死》Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（anonymous匿名的，无名的, in English verse)《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》Major themes of 《高文。
英国文学作家作品总结
一、Geoffery Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟1343~1400(首创“双韵体”，英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿（John Dryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)The father of English poetry.Writing style: wisdom, humor, humanity.作品：① <The Canterbury Tales>坎特伯雷故事集：first time to use ‘heroic couplet’(双韵体) by middle English②<Troilus and Criseyde>特罗勒斯与克丽西德③ <The House of Fame>声誉之堂④<The book of the Duchess>公爵夫人之书⑤<The Parliament of Fowls>百鸟议会二、William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616playwright,poet评价comments：Widely regarded as the greatest writer in English literature莎士比亚同时代戏剧家本·琼森（Ben Johnson）--他不属于一个时代，而是属于。
（He was not of an age, but for all time.）作品：①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII②Four Comedies: <As You Like It>皆大欢喜; <Twelfth Night>第十二夜; <A Midsummer Night’S Dream>仲夏夜之梦; <Merchant Of Venice>威尼斯商人③Four Tragedies: <Hamlet>哈姆莱特; <Othello>奥赛罗; <King Lear>李尔王; <Macbeth>麦克白④Shakespeare Sonnet :154 <The Sonnets>Three quatrain and one couplet, ababcdcdefefgg三、Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626Bacon’s quote1、knowledge is power 知识就是力量。
英国文学复习总结
英国文学复习总结详解Part one:Early and medieval English literature1.Beowulf《贝奥武甫》------the national epic of the English people ,it is also the epic of the Anglo-Saxon.(P3)2.The name of the terrible monster------Grendel(格伦德尔)(P3)3.the most striking feature in its poetical form is the use of alliteration(头韵)，others are metaphor （暗喻）and understatement(保守陈述)(P5)4The Norman Conquest （诺曼征服）marks the establishment of feudalism in England. (P6)5.The romance(传奇文学)(P8)The most popular of literature in fedual England was the romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.The hero of the romance was the the knight, a man of noble birth, skilled in the use of weapons.It was written for the noble class(贵族的文学) Romances falls into three cycles :“matters of Britain”( adventures of King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table),“matters of France” (Emperor Charlemagne and his peers)“matters of Rome”. (Alexander the Great and so forth)6. William Langland威廉·朗兰------ Piers the Plowman《耕者皮尔斯》(P11)7.The ballads(民谣)(P17)The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad.It is a story told in song ,usually in 4-line stanzas[ˈstænzə],with the second and fourth lines rhymed.It was written for common people(平民文学). The subjects of ballads are various in kind,as the struggle of young loves against their feudal-minded families,the conflict between love and wealth ,the cruelty of envy,the criticism of the civil war,and the matters of class struggle. The most famous ballads are the ballads of Robin Hood.8. Geoffrey Chaucer’ Contributions<1>Father of English poetry in 14th century.Chaucer introduces from France the rhymed stanzas of various types instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse,especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic meter(the heroic couplet) to English poetry.(P26)<2>Chaucer is the first great poet who wrote in the English language. His production of so much excellent poetry is an important factor in establishing English as the literary language of the country.He did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.(P26)<3>the founder of English realism(P23)The Prologue(序言)suppies a miniature of the English society of C haucer’s time<4>. he forerunner of humanisim (P24 倒数第二行)9. Geoffrey Chaucer died in 1400 and was buried in Westminster Abbey（威斯敏斯特教堂）thus founding the “Poets’ Corner”..(P20)10.The Romaunt of the Rose(translated from Franch)《玫瑰传奇》Troilus and Criseyde(adapted from the Italian)《特洛勒斯和克莱西》10. Geoffrey Chaucer 杰弗里·乔叟------The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》The tales of the Knight,the Pardoner（卖赎罪券者），the Nun’s Priest (尼姑的牧师)，the Wife of Bath,together with the Prologue,are the best of the whole collection.(P24)（了解一下）Part two:The English renaissance1.historical background1.The Reformation(宗教改革)2. the Authorized Version(钦定版圣经)3. The Enclosure movement（圈地运动） 4 The commercial expansion（贸易扩张）5 The war with Spain（与西班牙战争）6Renaissance（文艺复兴）7 Humanism（人文主义）（P27-30）2.Thomas More托马斯·莫尔 Utopia《乌托邦》Utopia is More's masterpiece, written in the form of a conversation between More and a returned sailor.It is divided into two books.(P37)Book I of " Utopia" is a picture of contemporary social conditions of England.BookⅡwe have a picture of an ideal commonwealth (Utopia )in some unknown ocean.(P37)3. Thomas Wyatt(托马斯·韦阿特): He first introduced the sonnet into England from Italy.Surrey(萨里)，in his tranlation Virgil’s Aeneid《埃涅伊德》,wrote the first English blank verse(无韵诗)，later masrerly handled by Shakepeare and Milton.4 Philip Sidney(菲利普·锡德尼)Astrophel and Stella《爱星者与星星》Apology for Poetry《为诗辩护》5.WalterRaleigh(华尔特·罗利) Discovery of Guiaana《发现圭亚那》,Historty of the world6."the poets' poet" of the period was Edmund Spenser.T he Shepherd’s Calendar《牧羊人日记》，Epithalamion《新婚颂歌》，masterpiece The Faerie Queen 《仙后》7. The Faerie Queen《仙后》（P42）<1>Spenser’s grestest work,is a long poem planned in 12 books,he only finished 6.the work was dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.<2>each guest has a knight,each knight represents a virtue(美德),as Holiness（圣洁）,Temperance(温和)，Chastity(贞洁)，Friendship,Justice （正义）and Courtesy(谦恭).<3>The knight as a whole symbolize England,the evil figures stand for his enemies,as King Philip of Spain,Mary Queen of Scots(both Catholics) or church of Rome.<4>The thoughts of the poem are nationalism,humanism,puritanism<5>The Faerie Queen is written in a special verse form ,consisits of 8 iambic pentameter lines followed by a ninth line of six iambic feet (an alexandrine亚历山大诗行),with the rhyme scheme abab bcbc c , the form called "Spenserian Stanza"(斯宾塞诗节) （P43）8.John Lyly（约翰·黎里）------Euphues《优弗依斯》was written in a peculiar style known as "Euphuism"（优弗依斯体或绮丽体）(P44)9. Francis Bacon（弗朗西斯·培根）the founder of English materialist philosophy(唯物主义) and modern science（P45）<1>Advancement of Learning《学问的演进》<2> New Instrument《新工具》---a statement of what is called the Inductive Method (归纳法)<3>Eassy《随笔》These essays cover a wide variety of subjects, such as love, truth, friendship, parents and children, beauty, studies, riches, youth and age, garden, death and many others. （P46）Of study《论读书》10.The Miracle Play(奇迹剧)(P46)The miracle were simply plays based on Bible stoies,such as the creation of the world,Noah(诺亚)and the flood, and the birth co Christ.They were at first performed in the churches.But after the actors introduced secular(世俗)and even commercial elements into the performance,it was forbidden inside the church ,so it got into the market place.11.Morality play(道德剧)(P47)A morality presented the conflict of good and evil with allegorical persons,such as Mercy(怜悯)，Peace,Hate,Folly and so on.They contended for the possession of one’s soul.The morality was dreary performance with endless speech-making of those abstract characters.so into the plays Vice(恶习)who was the predecessor of the modern clown.12.The Interlude(插剧)13.The classical drama------comedy and tragedy14."University Wits"(大学才子) They were Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Greene,Lodge and Nash). wrote for the stage of the time.15. Christopher Marlowe(克里斯托弗·马洛)t he most gifted of the "University Wits".（P50）Marlowe's best plays : Tamburlaine the Grea《帖木儿大帝》t, The Jew of Malta《马耳他的犹太人》and Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士》.（P51）The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus is Marlowe' s masterpiece.The doctor sold his soul to Devil so he may live 24 years in all voluptuousness.(P53)Marlowe's Literary Achievement（P55）<1>Marlowe was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama. He reformed the English drama and perfected the language and verse of dramatic works.<2>He first made blank verse(unrhymed iambic pentameter) the principal instrument of English drama.<3>Marlowe's dramatic achievement lies chiefly in his epical and at times lyrical verse.<4>His works paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist –Shakespeare - whose achievements were the monument of the English Renaissance.16 Ben Jonson（本·琼森）--- V olpone, or the Fox, 《福尔蓬奈，或狐狸》The Alchemist.《炼金术士》，Every Man in His Humour《个性互异》，Bartholomew Fair《巴梭罗缪市集》（P94）William Shakespeare1. Shakespeare’s career may be divided into four major phrases which represent respectively his early, mature, flourishing, and late periods.（P60）详见课本2.His great ComediesA Midsummer Night's Dream《仲夏夜之梦》，The Merchant of Venice《威尼斯商人》，As You Like It《皆大欢喜》，Twelfth Night《第十二夜》are Shakespeare’s great comedies.3.The Character Analysis of Shylock 夏洛克人物形象分析He is greedy. He accumulates as much wealth as he can He is also cruel. In order to revenge, he would rather claim a pound of flesh from his enemy Antonio than get back his loan.他是贪婪的，竭尽全力敛财；他也是残忍的，为了复仇，宁愿割安东尼奥一磅肉用来偿还欠款。
(完整版)英国文学简史期末测验考试复习要点刘炳善版(英语专业大必备)
英国文学史资料British Writers and Works一、中世纪文学（约5世纪—1485）•《贝奥武甫》（Beowulf）•《高文爵士和绿衣骑士》（Sir Gawain and the Green Knight )杰弗利·乔叟（Geoffrey Chaucer)“英国诗歌之父”。
（Father of English Poetry）《坎特伯雷故事》（The Canterbury Tales）二、文艺复兴时期文学（15世纪后期—17世纪初）•托马斯·莫尔（Thomas More ）《乌托邦》（Utopia）•埃德蒙·斯宾塞（Edmund Spenser）《仙后》（The Faerie Queene)•弗兰西斯·培根（Francis Bacon）《论说文集》（Essays)克里斯托弗·马洛Christopher Marlowe•《帖木儿大帝》（Tamburlaine）•《浮士德博士的悲剧》（The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Dr. Faustus）•《马耳他岛的犹太人》（The Jew of Malta）威廉·莎士比亚William Shakespeare喜剧《仲夏夜之梦》（A Midsummer Night’s Dream）、《威尼斯商人》（The Merchant of Venice）悲剧《罗密欧与朱丽叶》（Romeo and Juliet）、《哈姆莱特》（Hamlet）、《奥赛罗》（Othello）、《李尔王》（King Lear）、《麦克白》（Macbeth）历史剧《亨利四世》（Henry IV）传奇剧《暴风雨》（The Tempest）本·琼生Ben Johnson•《人人高兴》（Every Man in His Humor）•《狐狸》（V olpone）•《练金术士》（The Alchemist）三、17世纪文学约翰·弥尔顿John Milton《失乐园》（Paradise Lost）《复乐园》（Paradise Regained）诗剧《力士参孙》（Samson Agonistes）•约翰·班扬（John Bunyan）《天路历程》（The Pilgrim’s Progress）•威廉·康格里夫（William Congreve）《以爱还爱》（Love for Love）《如此世道》（The Way of the World）四、启蒙时期文学（17世纪后期—18世纪中期）18世纪初，新古典主义成为时尚。
英国文学期末复习资料(作家作品)
——英国文学ⅠOlｄＥｎgliｓh Ｌiteratuｒｅ& ThｅLaｔｅMedievａｌAgｅs１．Beoｗulf贝奥武夫 HiｓＡrtｉsticｆeａｔures①Ｕsｉnｇalliteratｉｏn头韵②Using metapｈor暗喻ａnd uｎderstatemｅｎt含蓄陈述2.GeoffeｒｙＣhauｃer 杰弗里•乔叟Ｔｈe foｕndｅr of Englｉｓｈpｏetｒy.三个阶段：①ThｅＲomauｎｔof the Rose＞玫瑰传奇②Troilus and Criseｙde>特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德lｏngeｓt complｅte poeｍ③The Canｔerbury Tａleｓ＞坎特伯雷故事集:Signｉｆicａｎcｅ:fiｒｓt ｔime to use ‘heroic coupｌeｔ’（英雄双韵体) by midｄｌe EnglishIＩＴｈe Rｅnａissaｎce PｅriodA peｒiｏｄoｆｄｒama and poeｔry. Tｈe Elizabethaｎdrama is ｔhe ｒeal mainstreaｍof the Englｉsh Reｎaｉssance．Renａｉssａncｅ：the ａctivｉｔy，spiｒｉt, oｒｔime of the great ｒｅvｉval oｆart, lｉterａtｕre,and ｌearning in Europeｂeｇinniｎg i ｎthe 1４tｈceｎtｕry ａnd exteｎdｉng to tｈｅ17th centurｙ,marｋing thｅtｒaｎsitｉｏnｆrｏm the medievａｌtｏthe modｅrｎworld. Humanisｍｉｓthe keｙ－note of the Rｅｎaissance．1. EdmｕnｄSｐeｎｓer埃德蒙•斯宾塞１55２~159９（后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
英国文学期末复习资料
英国文学期末复习一、选择1、浪漫主义时期开始的标志：the publication of the Lyrical Ballads(1798) Wordsworth.结束：the death of Sir Walter Scott.18322、湖畔派诗人（Lake Poets)：Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey.3、Charles Lamb(查尔斯兰姆）：He is important in English literature for his contribution to the Familiar Essay(随笔/小品文）4、Walter Scott(沃尔特司各特）：the founder and great master of the historical novels(历史小说之父）。
5、Browning(布朗宁）：the contribution to the English literature is dramatic monologue(戏剧独白）。
6、Emily Bronte(艾米丽勃朗特）的小说特点：Gothic noveleg.Wuthering Heights7、George Bernard Shaw(肖伯纳）：Shaw’s main contribution to English literature is his drama.8、Thomas Stearns Eliot(艾略特）：代表作The Waste Land(荒原）9、Steam of consciousness(意识流）的2位代表作家：James Joyce,Virginia Woolf10、Angry Young Man（愤怒的青年）出自John Osborne’s play Look Back in Angry(愤怒的回顾）。
11、只有1部代表作的作家及作品：William Makepeace Thackeray(萨克雷）：Vanity Fair(名利场）Emily Bronte(艾米丽勃朗特）：Wuthering Heights(呼啸山庄）Joseph Conrad:Heart of Darkness(黑暗心脏）George Bernard Shaw:Major Barbara(芭芭拉少女）12、Wordsworth defines poetry as “the spontaneous overflow of feelings”(一切好诗都是强烈情感的自然流露）。
(完整word版)英国文学史上期末复习
英国文学简史General introduction of English literature1。
1) Old English Literature (449-1066）古英语时期文学——The Song of Beowulf 《贝奥武甫》2) Medieval English Literature (1066-15th century）中世纪英语时期文学—-Geoffrey Chaucer (1340_1400）杰弗里·乔叟代表作:French influence:Romance of the Rose《玫瑰传奇》The Book Of Duchess《公爵夫人之书》Italian influence:The Legend of Good Women《良妇传说》The House of Fame《声誉之堂》The Parliament of Fowls《百鸟议会》Troilus and Criseyde 《特罗勒斯与克莱西》Maturity:The Canterbury Tales《坎特伯雷故事集》2.Renaissance English literature (late 15th century ～early 17th century）文艺复兴-—-———-Thomas More 托马斯。
莫尔Utopia 乌托邦(1516）-——he gave a profound and truthful picture ofthe people’s sufferings and put forward hisideal of a future happy society.-—Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯·培根(1561——1626)The philosophical——-The Advancement of Learning《学术的推进》The literature —---—Essays《随笔》The professional works——-—--Thomas Wyatt托马斯怀亚特（1503-—1542)The first to introduce the sonnet into English literature(引入十四行诗的第一人）Lyrical poetry---—-—Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙斯宾塞(1552--1599）Poet's poet 诗人中的诗人The Faerie Queene 《仙后》（the greatest epic poem 史诗)The Shepheardes Calendar《牧人月历》——William Shakespeare 威廉·莎士比亚(1564-—1616)The most popular and the most wildly respected writer in all English literature四大悲剧：HamletOthelloKing LearMacbeth四大喜剧：A Midsummer Night’s DreamThe merchant of VeniceAs you like itTwelfth Night-—Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗·马洛The greatest of the pioneers of English dramaThe one who first made blank verse the principal instrument of English dramaEnglish Literature of the Revolution and Restoration Period (1640-1688）资产阶级革命与王朝复辟时期的文学--———-—John Donne约翰多恩(a metaphysical poet 玄学诗人）代表作：”the flea"（跳骚)—love poem“Song”(歌)“A Valediction: Forbidden Morning”（别离辞：节哀）“Death be not proud”(死神，你莫骄傲)死亡时永恒的，不要害怕死亡，人死后可以超生，到天堂“The Canonization"（封圣）-—John Milton约翰·弥尔顿(puritan)Paradise Lost《失乐园》Paradise Regained《复乐园》Samson Agonistes《力士参孙》On his blindnessOn His Deceased Wife《悼念我的亡妻》-—John Bunyan 约翰·班扬The Pilgrim’s Progress《天路历程》—-—is written in theold-fashioned, medieval form of allegory and dream.4。
英国文学史复习资料
英国文学史复习资料一、早期文学1、凯尔特文学：凯尔特人是英国最早的民族，他们有自己的语言和神话传说。
他们的文学作品包括《德鲁伊特教义》和《芬尼亚传奇》。
2、盎格鲁-撒克逊文学：随着罗马帝国的衰落，日耳曼部落开始在英国定居。
盎格鲁-撒克逊时期最著名的文学作品是《贝奥武夫》，讲述了一位英勇的武士贝奥武夫的故事。
二、中世纪文学1、英雄史诗：中世纪时期，英国出现了许多描写骑士和英雄事迹的史诗，如《罗兰之歌》、《希尔德布兰德之歌》等。
2、骑士文学：随着封建制度的发展，骑士成为英国社会的一个重要阶层。
骑士文学主要描写骑士的冒险经历和爱情故事，如《亚瑟王传奇》等。
3、宗教文学：中世纪时期，英国的宗教文学也很发达。
最有名的作品是《神曲》和《圣经》的英译本。
三、文艺复兴时期文学1、伊丽莎白时代文学：伊丽莎白一世时期，英国进入了文艺复兴时期。
这个时期的文学作品包括莎士比亚的戏剧、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等。
2、斯图亚特王朝复辟时期文学：斯图亚特王朝复辟后，英国文学开始向古典主义转变。
这个时期的文学作品包括弥尔顿的《失乐园》和约翰·德莱顿的诗歌等。
四、启蒙时期文学1、启蒙运动：启蒙运动是18世纪欧洲的一个思想解放运动，旨在推翻封建制度，建立资产阶级民主制度。
英国的启蒙运动以洛克和休谟为代表。
2、现实主义小说：随着工业革命的兴起，英国的现实主义小说开始兴起。
这个时期的代表作家包括狄更斯、萨克雷、勃朗特姐妹等。
他们的作品主要描写社会底层人民的生活和资产阶级的虚伪与贪婪。
3、浪漫主义诗歌：19世纪初，英国的浪漫主义诗歌开始兴起。
这个时期的代表诗人包括华兹华斯、柯勒律治和拜伦等。
他们的作品主要表达个人情感和对自然的向往。
五、维多利亚时期文学1、维多利亚时代的社会背景：维多利亚时代是英国的一个繁荣时期，也是英国殖民主义的高峰期。
这个时期的英国成为“日不落帝国”。
2、小说：维多利亚时期的代表作家包括狄更斯、勃朗特姐妹、哈代等。
英国文学期末考试总结
英国文学期末考试总结Part 1单选.1. old English period 作家的写作特点(alliteration, frequent use of kenning ?)2. The Period of Anglo-Saxon is AD450-1066.3. Alexander PopeWhy can’t he get formal education? (他是Catholicism，disable, )He belongs to Scriblerus Club （涂鸦社）. He lives in enlightenment（英国启蒙运动时期古典主义诗人）主要代表作：An Essay on Criticism; Essay on Man; The Rape of the lock;The Dunciad.4. CharlesDickensFirst novel: Oliver TwistTale of 2 cities 描述了：This is a novel telling about individual destinies ina gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.5. Daniel DefoeHe is a father of English novel for Robinson CrusoeHe was arrested because wrote sth against Tory(本来是在Tory 党工作，但他政治上偏向Whig)6. Emma 嫁给了Mr George Knightley（不是John Knightley）Jane Austen第一部小说的nickname是A ladyShe usually writes about young girls dilemma in love and marriage. Characters in her novel(小说中的女主角均追求与男子思想感情的平等交流与沟通，要求社会地位上的平等权利，坚持独立观察、分析和选择男子的自由。
英国文学期末复习资料整理
1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8. 大三•下英国文学期末复习资料、名词解释｛5题/10分｝张旭ap ostr op he: a figure of sp eech in which the sp eaker addresses a dead or abse nt person,or an ani mal, object or abstract idea.dramatic monologue: a kind of poem in which a single fictional or historicalcharacter other than the poet speaks to a silent listener, revealing unwittingly thingsabout himself or herself.satire: a kind of writ ing that exp resses the vices and follies of in dividuals, in stituti ons, or societies to ridicule and scor n.ode: a rhymed lyrical poem which expresses noble feelings often addressed to a person,an object or celebrati ng an eve nt.terza rima : a p oetic form con sisti ng of a series of un its of three lines rhy ming aba,bcb, cdc, ded, etc.Byronic hero : a rebel or outlaw who is stro ng-willed, disillusi on ed, frien dless, alwaysat war with the conven ti onal world.parody : the imitative use of words, style, attitude, tone and ideas of an author in such away as to make them ridiculous.epi stolary no vel : a no vel writte n in the form of a series of letters excha nged amongthe characters of the story, with extracts from their journ als sometimes in cluded.、文学史常识：作家作品，相关流派{10题/10分}1. William Wordsworth(华兹华斯1770-1850)【1 】作品特点{P6}: Close to nature --------- he had a profound love for nature. He thought that n ature had a moral value and has its p hilos op hical sig ni fica nee.【2】相关作品{P6}:The Recluse: long p oem which illustrated his thi nki ng of life, but it rema insunfini shed.The P relude (1850): long poem which tells the growth of his mind.Lyrical Ballads (1798): an imp orta nt p iece of literature criticism in En glish literature.It can be read as a declarati on of roma nticism.【3】代表作品{P17}: I Wandered Lonely As a CloudI wan dered Ion ely as a cloudThat floats on high o'er vales and hills, Whe n all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of golde n daffodils;Beside the lake, ben eath the trees, Flutteri ng and dancing in the breeze. The waves beside them dan ced; but they Out-did the sp arkli ng waves in glee:A p oet could not but be gay,In such a joc und company:I gazed--a nd gazed--but little thought What wealth the show to me had brought:Con ti nu ous as the stars that shi ne And twin kle on the milky way, They stretched in n ever-e nding lineAlong the margin of a bay:Ten thousa nd saw I at a gla nee, Toss ing their heads in sp rightly dance. For oft, whe n on my couch I lie In vaca nt or in pen sive mood, They flash upon that in ward eye Which is the bliss of solitude;And the n my heart with p leasure fills, And dan ces with the daffodils.【1 】作品特点：He is interested in democracy【2】关于作者{P41-42}:Born of a n oble blood both on p ater nal and mater nal li nes.2. George Gordon Byron (拜伦1788-1824)He was good frie nds with ShellyIn the style of Pope, he satirically attacked Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, and the Edin burgh critics.After he atta ined his M.A. degree, he stayed for some time on his estate and led a dissipated （奢靡的）lifeFrom 1809 to 1811, he made a grand tour of the Co ntinent.En glish Bards and Scotch ReviewersHours of Idle ness: a collect ion of lyrical verseChilde Harold ' s Pilgrimage : first two cantos （ 篇章）Orien tal Tales : a series of roma ntic n arrative versesPro metheus, Sonnet on Chillo n, and the Prisoner of Chill onChilde Harold ' s Pilgrimage : his third and fourth cantos.代表作品{P59}: She Walks in BeautyShe walks in beauty, like the ni ghtOf cloudlee climes and starry skies: And all that 'best of dark and brightMeet in her aspect and her eyes: Thus mellowed to that ten der lightWhich heave n to gaudy day denies.One shade the more, one ray the less, Had half imp aired the n ameless grace Which waves in every rave n tress,Or softly lighte ns o'er her face; Where thoughts sere nely sweet exp ress How pure, how dear their dwelli ng p lace. And on that cheek, and 'r that brow,So soft, so charm, yet eloque nt, The smiles that win, the tin ts that glow,But tell of days in good ness spent, A mind at p eace with all below,A heart whose love is innocent!【1】关于作者{P61-62}:He eloped with a young girl, Harriet, at last she was committed suicide.【3】 相关作品:3. Percy Bysshe Shelley（雪莱 1792--1822）:his first imp orta nt p oem（2）4 、She met Godw in and fell in love with his daughter Mary Godw in. Her mother wasauthoress of A Vin dicatio n of the Rights of Woma n(1792)He was drow ned in a temp est while sail ing in a boat along the coast of Italy.【3】相关作品:（讽喻的）poemsAdo ni s(1821): a p oem he wrote on the death of KeatsOde to the West Wind (1819): the most well-k nown one.The Defe nee of P oetry (1821): published in 1840 after the poet【4 】代表作品{P67-70} : Ode to the West WindO Wild West Wind, thou breathe of Autu mn Thou, from whose unseen presenee the leaves Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes:O thouWho chariltest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion o'er the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues and odors plainand hill: Wild Spirit, which art moving everywhere; Destroyer and p resserver; hear, oh, hear!If I were a dead leaf thou mightest bear; If I were a swift cloud to fly with thee: A wave to pant beneath thy power , and shareMary Wollst on ecraft(1759-1797).a championfor women ' srights and the(1) Alastor (1816), The Revolt of lslam(1818). The Mask of An archy(1819):allegoricalP rometheus Un bou nd(1820), Hellas(1822 ), and The Cenci(1819):lyrical dramas.'s death.'s beingdeadThe impuIse of thy strength, only less freeThan thou, O uncon trollable! If eve nI were as im my boyhood, and could beThe comrade of thy wan derigs over Heave n,As then, when to outstrip thy skiey speedScarce seem'd a vision; I would ne'er have strivenAs thus with thee in prayer in my sore need.Oh, lift me as a wave , a leaf, a cloud!I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!A heavy weight of hours has chained and bowedOne too lke thee: tameless, and swift, and proud.Make me thy lyre, even as the forest is:What if my leavers are falling like its own!The tmult of thy mighty harmoniesWill take from both a deep, autumnal tone,Sweet though in sadness. Be thou, Spirit fierce,My spirit! Be thou me, impetuous one!Drive my dead thoughts over the uni verseLike witheered leaves to quicken a new birth!And , by the incantation of this verse,Scatter, is from an un ext in guished hearthAshes and sparks, my words among mankind!Be through my lips to unawakened earthThe trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,If Winter comes , can Sp ring be far behind?4.Joh n Keats （约翰•济慈1795-1821）【1】关于作者{P74}:Un like Byro n and Shelley, Keats was born in London, of lowly origi n.His parents died early. He was forced to serve his appren ticesh ip and he worked as the surge on ' s helper for more tha n two years.He died whe n he was only 25 years old.Most of his best p oems were writte n in the short three years from 1817 to the time of his death.【2】相关作品:(1) Endymion (1818): his long allegorical poem, about love between a Greek shepherdand the moon goddess(2) In 1817 he abandoned his profession and published his first collection of poems.【3】作品特点:(1) H is p oetry is concerned with joy in the beauty of this world. He had ataste of beauty of n ature and works of art.(2) H is poetry is always senshous, colorful and rich in imaginary whichexp ress the acute ness of his sense.【4 】代表作品{P76}: Ode to a NightingaleI.MY heart aches, and a drowsy numbness painsMy sense, as though of hemlock I had drunk,Or emptied some dull opiate to the drainsOne minute p ast, and Lethe-wards had sunk:'Tis not through envy of thy happy lot,But being too happy in thine happiness—That thou, light-winged Dryad of the trees,In some melodious plotOf beechen green, and shadows numberless,Singest of summer in full-throated ease.II.O, for a draught of vintage! that hath beenCool'd a long age in the deep-delved earth,Tasting of Flora and the country green.Dan ce, and Proven cal song, and sunburnt mirth!O for a beaker full of the warm South,Full of the true, the blushful Hippocrene,With beaded bubbles winking at the brim,And purpl e-sta ined mouth;That I might drink, and leave the world unseen,And with thee fade away into the forest dim:III.Fade far away, dissolve, and quite forgetWhat thou among the leaves hast n ever known,The weari ness, the fever, and the fretHere, where men sit and hear each other groan;Where palsy shakes a few, sad, last gray hairs,Where youth grows p ale, and sp ectre-th in, and dies;Where but to think is to be full of sorrowAnd leade n-eyed des pairs.Where Beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes,Or new Love pine at them beyond to-morrow.5.Charles Dicke ns(狄更斯1812-1870)【1】关于作者{P135-136}:He was once put into prison with his father. Although he was there on ly for half ayear, this exp erie nee of his childhood left such a dee p imp ressi on on his mind that it became a recurri ng subject in his no vels.He later became a p arliame ntary rep orter.In 1858 he bega n to give p ublic read ings which con ti nued un til his death.【2】相关作品:(1) 1836 : Sketches by Boz;精品文库The Papers of the P ickwick Club: rapidiy brought him fame and wealth.The Orphan in Oliver Twist( 雾都孤儿)1836-1837:1837-1838:1838-1839: Nicholas Nickleby1840-1841: The Old Curiosity Shop1843-1844: Marti n Chuzzlewit1843-1845:Christmas stories which in cluded A Christmas Carol, The Chimes andThe Cricket on the Hearth: he showed his profound sympathy for the poor anddescribed how the rich were conv erted after un derg oing severe tests. These stories arep ermeated with the sp irit of brotherhood and are regarded as rep rese ntatives of thesp irit of Christmas.(8) After 1844 : he bega n to write no vels of bitter social criticism, such asDombey andSon (1848), Bleak House (1853), Hard Times (1854), Little Dorrit (1857), Our MutualFriend (1865)(9)代表作：David Copperfield【3】作品特点:He has a tendency to depict the grotesque (very odd or unu sually, fan tasticallyugly or absurd) characters or eve nts. Most of his characters have a p eculiar habit,manner, behavior, dress and catch p hrase of his or her own.He loves to in still life into inani mate thi ngs and to compare an imate beings toinani mate thi ngs.He is no ted for his descri ptio n of p athetic sce nes that aim to arouse peoplesympathy. Pathos(激起怜悯)is a distinctive quality in his writings.6. William Make peace ThackerayHe and Dicke ns were contempo raries( 同时代的).They were both no velists and humorists and they criticized theVictoria n society satirically.He was born in a well-to-do family.名家名言：I have no brains above my eyes; and I describe what I see.the Pilgrim 'P rogress 天 路历程)(1) The world they described was differe nt.Thackeray ma in ly described the lives ofaristocrats and rich bus in essme n, that is people of the upper classes and middle classes, whereas Dicke ns mainly described the un derdogs and he unp rivileged ( in Oliver Twist) (2) Dicke ns was a sen time ntalist . He liked to avail himself of every opportunity to arouse the emoti ons of his readers. As for Thackeray, he alsoshowed an ger and in dig nati on athypocrisy, vanity, snobberyetc. but he always heid himself under control. He was seldom sen time ntal, beingusually quiet and effective.(3) Dicke ns was a roma ntist in many asp ects by lett ing loose his imagi natio n.Thackeray was aga inst affectati on, Byro nic attitudes.【1】关于作者{P191}:He was born in a clergyman‘ s family.He became an insp ector of schools after he left Oxford; he was pro fessor of po etry at Oxford from 1857 to 1867.【1】 关于作者{P157-158}: (萨克雷 1811-1863)代表作品：Vanity Fair （名利场） 【3】 作品特点：和 Dicke ns 相比例：The Orphan 7. Matthew Arn old (1822-1888)He was both a p oet and a literary critic. In his po etry he reflects on the doubt of his age, and the con flict betwee n scie nee and religi on.【2】相关作品:(1) 1865 and 1888: Essays in Criticism⑵ 1889: Culture and Anarchy(无政府状态)⑶ 特点：He attacked the barbarians(野蛮人)【1】关于作者{上册，P238}:He is known as a pion eer no velist of En gla nd, and also a p rolific writer of books and pamphlets ( 小册子)on a great variety of subjects. 代表作：Robinson Crusoe（鲁滨逊漂流记1719 ） Moll Flanders(摩尔•弗兰德斯 1722 )【1】关于作者{上册，P289}:He was the greatest En glish man of letters betwee n Pope and Wordsworth.He foun ded a club and many men of letters gatherd around him.代表作:(1) A Dictionary of the En glish Lan guage(2) The Rambler: An imitatio n of Addis on⑶ Letter to the Right Hon orable The Earl of Chester field【2】名家名言8. Daniel Defoe（丹尼尔•笛福1661-1731）9. Samuel Joh nson(1709-1784)'s The Spectator（致**爵爷书，上P 291）The most famous one: P atriotism is the last refuge of a sco undrel（流氓）.Curiosity is one of the p erma nent and certa in characteristics of a vigorous mind.A man should kee p his frie ndshi ps in con sta nt rep air. If a man does not make newacqua intan ces as he adva nces through life, he will soon find himself alone.P raise, like gold and diam ond.What is writte n without effort is in gen eral read without pl easure.The true measure of a man is how he treats some one who can do him absolutely nogood.[3】代表作再现Letter to the Right Honorable The Earl of Chester fieldMy Lord,I have bee n lately in formed, by the prop rietor of The World, that two papers, in which my Dictio nary is recomme nded to the p ublic, were writte n by your lordsh ip. To be so dist in guished is an honour which, being ver accustomed to favours from the great, I know not well how to receive, or in what terms to ack no wledge.Whe n, upon some slight en courageme nt, I first visited your lordsh ip, I was over po wered, like the rest of ma by the en cha ntme nt of your address, and could not forbear to wish that I might boast myself Le vainq ueur du vainq ueur de la teri—that I might obta in that regard for which I saw the world contending; but I found my atte nda so little en couraged, that n either p ride nor modesty would suffer me to con ti nue it. Whe n I had once addressed - Lordsh ip in p ublic, I had exhausted all the art of p leas ing which a retired and un courtly scholar can p ossess. I hi done all that I could; and no man is well pl eased to have his all n eglected, be it ever so little.Seve n years, my lord, have now p assed, since I waited in your outward rooms, or was repu Ised from your( duri ng which time I have bee n pu shi ng on my work through difficulties, of which it is useless to complain, and ha brought it, at last, to the verge of p ublicati on, without one act of assista nee , one word of en courageme nt, or one of favour. Such treatme nt I did not exp ect, for I n ever had a patron before.The she pherd in Virgil grew at last acqua in ted with Love, and found him a n ative of the rocks.Is not a p atro ns my lord, one who looks with unconcern on a man struggli ng for life in the water, and, whe n has reached ground, en cumbers him with help? The no tice which you have bee n pl eased to take of my labours, bee n early, had bee n kind; but it has bee n delayed till I am in differe nt, and cannot enjoy it: till I am solitary, and cannot impart it; till I am known, and do not want it. I hope it is no very cyni cal asp erity not to con fess obligati onj where no ben efit has bee n received, or to be un willi ng that the p ublic should con sider me as owing that to a pat which pro vide nee has en abled me to do for myself.Having carried on my work thus far with so little obligati on to any favourer of lear nin g, I shall not be disapp( though I should con clude it, if less be p ossible, with less; for I have bee n long wake ned from that dream of hope which I once boasted myself with so much exultati on, My Lord,10.补充几个作家Lord Alfred Tennyson:Break, Break, Break (2) UlyssesP oems by Two brothers ⑷ The Lady of Shalott(5) Morted 'ArthurRobert Browning：He is famous for dramatic Mono loguesMy Last Duchess (2) Meeting at NightEmily Bronte：Wuthering Heights (呼啸山庄)William Blake: (1) Lo ndon (2)TygerDaniel Defoe: Robinson Crusoe (鲁滨逊漂流记)简答题：二选一，（要有自己观点）20分【I】浪漫主义特点{下册，P4-5}1. Subjectivism （主观想象主义）：In stead of regard ing po etry as a mirror to n ature” the source of which is in the outer world, romantic poets describe poetry as the spontaneous自发的)overflow of powerful feelingS which expresses the poes mind”The in terest of the roma ntic p oets is not in the objective world or in the acti on of men, but in the feelings, thoughts, and experiences the poets themselves.In short, romanticism is related to subjectivism while neo-classicism is related to objectivism.The poetry of the Romantic Age in England is famous for its high degree ofimagination.2. Spontaneity （自发性）Wordsworth defines poetry as the spontaneous oveflow of poweful feelings itreflects spontaneity is opposed to the fules” and regulations” imposed on the poets by n eoclassic writers.Romanticism is an assertion主张）of independence, a departure from the n eo-classic rules.A work of art must be original3. Sin gularity （奇特性）Romantic po ets have a strong love for the remote, the unusual, the strange, thesupernatural, the mysterious, the splendid, the picturesque, and the illogical.4. Worshi p of n ature （钟爱自然）The romantic poets are worshipers of nature, especially the sublime （超群的）asp ect of a n atural sce ne.Roma ntic po ets read in n ature som mysterious force.Some even regard nature as the evelation of God.5. Simplicity （简单朴实）Roma ntic po ets take to using everyday Ian guage spoken by th rustic（质朴的）people as opp osed to the p oetic dicti on used by n eo-classic writers.Under the influence of the American and French revolutions, t here was a growth of democratic feelings, and an increasing belief that every human being is worth being p raised.Many poets had a vision of the brotherhood of mankind, universal sharin g, and the ultimate freedom of human spirits.【II ］维多利亚小说特点｛下册，P132｝（要有自己观点）20分四、名家名言｛5段/10分｝除去前边所有作者涉及到的之外，另附William Blake 两篇No ・1: London ------- William BlakeI wan dered through each chartered street, Near where the chartered Thames does flow, A mark in every face I meet,Marks of weak ness, marks of woe.But most, through midni ght streets I hear How the youthful harlot's curseBlasts the n ew-bor n infan t's tear, And blights with p lagues the marriage-hearse.No.2 :Tyger- William Blake五、综合评论题+诗歌分析题50分提示：凭以往积累的知识和能力，自由发挥吧!外院07级英教四班张巾旭整理2010-7-3 —整天How the chi mn ey-swee per's cry Every blacke ning church app als, And the hap less soldier's sigh Runs in blood dow n p alace-walls.In every cry of every man, In every infan t's cry of fear, In every voice, in every ban, The min d-forged ma nacles I hear:Tyger Tyger, burning bright, In the forests of the ni ght; What immortal hand or eye,Could frame thy fearful symmetry? What the hammer? what the cha in, In what furn ace was thy brain?What the an vil? what dread gras p, Dare its deadly terrors clas p!In what dista nt dee ps or skies. Burnt the fire of thi ne eyes? On what wings dare he aspire? What the hand, dareseize the fire?When the stars threw dow n their sp ears And water'd heave n with their tears: Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?And what shoulder, & what art, Could twist the si news of thy heart?And whe n thy heart bega n to beat, Whatdread hand? & what dread feet?Tyger Tyger burning bright, In the forests of the ni ght: What immortal hand or eye, Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?。
英国文学期末汇总
二、Terms:1、Ballad (民谣) 上P381. A ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story .2.There are certain basic characteristics common to a large number of ballads:1)The beginning is often abrupt, without any introduction of the characters or the backgrounds of the tale.2)There are strong dramatic elements3)The story is often told through dialogue and action.4)The theme is often tragic,though there are a number of comic ballads.5)The ballad meter is used.3.time: Ballads was an important feature of literature in the 15th century.4.代表作品：Of special significance are the Robin Hood Ballads that deal with the famous outlaw Robin Hood and his men and their activities.2、Shakespeare Sonnet莎士比亚十四行诗上P75◆ A sonnet is a short song in the original meaning of the word. Later it became a poemof 14 lines, usually in iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格)with various rhyming schemes.◆Shakespeare writes his sonnets in the English form, 154 altogether in number, threequatrains and a couplet（三个诗节和一幅对偶句）, with occasional variation. Sonnects 1-126: are addressed to a beautiful young man on the theme of friendship and beauty.Sonnects 127-152: are addressed to a Dark lady, daughter of an Italian singer in London, whoo was Shakespeare’s mistress.Sonnects 153-154:are kins of epigram.2）Time：3、Heroic couplet 英雄双韵体上P311）A heroic couplet is a traditional form for English poetry, commonly used for epic and narrative poetry, consisting of pairs of rhyming iambic pentameter(五步抑扬格) lines, a form made up of five iambic feet in each line. An iambic foot is composed of one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable. The rhyme scheme is aa bb cc dd and so on.2）At the age of Chaucer(1350-1400), use of the heroic couplet was first pioneered by Geoffrey Chaucer inThe Canterbury Tales.=============上册选2，下册选3==========4、Satanic poets 撒旦派诗人下P32◆Satanic poet is one of the romantic shools at the age of Romanticism(in the early 19thcentury).◆The spirit of Satanic school is rebellious（反抗的）, revolutionary, romantic and shortlife.◆There are three representatives: John Keats, Percy Bysshe Shelley, George Gordon Byron.They are referred to as Satanic Poets by Robert Southey for their violent imagination and rebellious spirit.For example, Byron’s masterpiece, Don Juan, shows a romantic, revolutionary and satiric spirit.(其他代表作品the representative works:Don Juan----George Gordon ByronOde to the West Wind----Percy Bysshe ShelleyOde to the Nightingale----John Keats )5、Lake poets 湖畔诗人下P5◆time：at the age of Romanticism(in the early 19th century).◆The first generation of Romantics include Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey, who were so called“Lake Poets” because they had lived for a time in close association in the mountainous Lake District in the northwestern England. They traversed the same path on politics and poetry, beginning as radicals and closing as conservatives.◆the representative works：The Lyrical Ballads which is published by William Wordsworth andColeridge in 1798 was the representative work.6、Modernism 现代主义下P196◆Modernism is a general term applied retrospectively(回顾地) to the wide range of experimental andavant-garde(前卫的)trends in the literature and other arts of the early 20th century, including symbolism, expressionism, imagism, Dadaism, stream of consciousness.◆Modernist literature is characterized chiefly by a reflection and abandonment of all literal traditions and19th-century realism. Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism.◆The most important modernist poets in England were W B Yeats and T S Eliot.In the novel, themodernist innovators were James Joyce and Virginia Woolf with the “stream of consciousness”technique and D H Lawrence with his psychological penetration.7、Stream of consciousness 意识流下P234◆It is a narrative mode that seeks to describe an individual's point of view by givingthe written equivalent of the character's thought processes, either in a loose interior monologue, or in connection to his or her actions. Its writing is strongly associated with the modernist movement, rising in 19th century.◆The representative work is Ulysses written by James Joyce.8. SymbolA symbol is something that represents or stands for something else. It is a kind of figurative language, but a symbol has a larger meaning than a metaphor or simile---a meaning which can often be multiple or ambiguous. It is one of the main characteristics of modernist writing. The modern poets and writers find in symbol a means to express their inexpressible selves.9. imageWe usually think with words, many of our thoughts comes to us as pictures or imagined sensations in our mind. Such imagined pictures or sensations are called images.10. Allegory◆Allegory is a story told to explain or teach something, especially a long and complicated story with anunderlying meaning different from the surface meaning of the story itself.◆Allegorical novels use extended metaphors to convey moral meanings or attack certain social evils.Characters in these novels often stand for different values such as virtue and vice.◆Bunyan’s The Pilgrim Progress is one of the representative works.三、诗歌赏析1、Of Studies----Francis Bacon 谈读书As a philosopher Bacon is praised as “the progenitor of English materialism” becausehe stressed the importance of experience, or experiment, which is in direct opposition to the superstition and scholasticism of the Middle Ages.Bacon’s 58 essays were the author’s reflections and comments, mostly on rather abstract subjects, such as “Of Truth”, “Of Friendship”, and “Of Riches”. They are known for their conciseness, brevity, simplicity, and forcefulness. The essays are well arranged and enriched by biblical allusions, metaphors and cadence.Of Studies is the most popular of Bacon's 58 essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character. Forceful and persuasive, compact and precise, Of Studies reveals to us Bacon's mature attitude towards learning. Bacon's language is neat, priest, and weighty. It is somewhat affected, like the water in the reservoir, restricted and confined.具体例句1）“Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend.”(读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理学使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩)◆The sentences are taken from Of Studies, written by Francis Bacon. Of Studies is themost popular of Bacon's 58 essays. It analyzes what studies chiefly serve for, the different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies, and how studies exert influence over human character.◆From this sentence we can see that learning histories makes men clear-minded; learningpoems makes men clever; learning mathematics makes men careful and cautious; learning natural philosophy, your mind will be broadened, your principles will be regulated, and your way of thinking will be serious; learning logic and rhetoric you will be able to argue with others clearly and effectively. Learning makes fulfilled men.◆Parallelism and ellipsis are used to simplify the sentences and highlight the importantpoints, and they help express Bacon’s strong opinion of the benefits of study, in a way of conciseness, brevity, simplicity, and forcefulness.2）"Studies serve for delight, for ornament and for ability. Their chief use for delight is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business." （读书足以怡情，足以博彩，足以长才。
英国文学(期末总结)
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the Anglo-Saxon period The Anglo-Norman period Renaissance period The 17th Century period The 18th Century period Romantic period Romanticism Literature Victorian Age Critical Realism Literature
Chapter 5. The 18th Century period
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The Enlightenment(reason) The rise of English novels (realistic novel) Neo-classicism Satiric literature Sentimentalism Pre-romanticism back
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Romance
(1) Three Literary Periods (2) Arthur and his knights of the Round Table (3) Sir Gawain and the Green Knight (plot; theme)
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Renaissance period
Chapter 6.Romantic Age Literature
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Romantic poets of the first generation Romantic poets of the second generation Novelists of the Romantic Age
英国文学期末复习提纲
英国文学期末复习提纲英国文学提纲一、5个术语上册3个1.Alliteration 头韵Alliteration is the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of tow or more words that are next to or close to each other.Of man was the mildest and most beloved, To his kin the kindest, keenest for praise.2.Allegory 寓言体An allegory is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning and serve to spread moral teaching.Rrepresentative works are Edmund Spenser’s The Faerie Queene, John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress.3.Heroic Couplet 英雄双韵体Two successive rhyming lines of iambic pentameter五步抑扬格. The second line is usually end-stopped. It was common practice to string long sequences长序列of heroic couplets together in a pattern of aa, bb, cc, dd, ee, ff (and so on).Example:But when to mischief mortals bend their will ,How soon they find fit instruments of ill !(Pope: The Rape of the Lock, III,125-126)4.Humanism 人文主义Humanism is a movement of philosophy and ethics that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers individual thought andevidence (rationalism, empiricism) over established doctrine or faith (fideism).Humanism was the keynote of the Renaissance. People ceased to look upon themselves as living only for God and a future world. They began to admire human beauty and human achievement. Man is no longer the slave of the external world. He can mould the world according to his desires, and attain happiness by removing all external checks.5.Sonnet 十四行诗A sonnet is a lyric invariably of fourteen lines, usually in iambic pentameter, restricted to a definite rhyme scheme.There are three types：(1) The Petrarchan or Italian sonnet is divided into an octave which rhymes abba abba, and a sestet usually rhymes cde cde, or cdc dcd. The sestet usually replies to the argument of the octave.(2) Spenserian sonnet is a nine-line stanza of iambics rhymed abab bcbc cdc dee. The first eight lines are pentameters; the final line is a hexameter.(3) Shakespearean sonnet has three quatrains and a final couplet which usually provides an epigrammatic statement of the theme. Therhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg.6.Ballads 民谣Ballads are stories told in sound and usually in four-line stanzas with even number lines rhymes. They were created collectly by the people and constantly revised through the process of being handed down with mouth.A. The beginning is often abrupt.B. There are strong dramatic elements.C. The stories are often told through dialogue and action.D. The ballad meter is used.7.Spenserian Stanza 斯宾塞诗节A nine-line stanza rhyming in an ababbcbcc pattern in which the first eight lines are iambic pentameter and the last line is an iambic hexameter line. The name Spenserian comes from the form’s most famous user, Spenser, who used it in The Fairie Queene.8.Blank verse 无韵诗V erse in iambic pentameter without rhyme scheme, often used in verse drama in the sixteenth century and later used for poetry.9.Romance 传奇故事Romance generally concerns knights and involves a large amount of fighting as well as a number of miscellaneous adventures. Romance embody the life and adventures of knights and is characteristic of theearly feudal age, as it reflects the spirits of chivalry. The content of romance is usually about love, chivalry, and religion.10.Epic 史诗Epic is an extended narrative叙事体poem in elevated严肃的or dignified庄严的language, It usually celebrates the feats of one or more legendary传奇的or traditional heroes. The action is simple, but full of magnificence宏伟. Today, some long narrative works, like novels that reveal an age & its people, are also called epic. like Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey.Features①The hero is a figure of imposing sta ture②The setting is vast in scope③The action consists of deeds of great valor or requiring superhuman courage④A style of sustained elevation and grand simplicity is used下册2个1.Romanticism 浪漫主义In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called romanticism came to Europe and then to England. It was characterized by a strong protest against the bondage束缚of neoclassicism, which emphasized强调reason, order and elegant wit. Instead, romanticism gave primary concern to passion, emotion, and natural beauty.2.Modernism 现代主义Modernism is a rather vague term which is used to apply to the works of a group of poets,novelist,painters,and musicians between 1910 and the early years after the world warⅡ.The term includes various trends or schools,such as imagism, expressionism, dadaism, stream of consciousness, and existentialism.Alienation and loneliness are the basic themes of modernism.The characteristics of modernist writings can be summed up as /doc/e36199962.html,plexity and obscurity, the use of symbols,allusion,irony.3.Dramatic Monologue 戏剧独白诗A poem in which a poetic speaker addresses either the reader or an internal listener at length. It is similar to the soliloquy in theater, in that both a dramatic monologue and a soliloquy often involve the revelation of the innermost thoughts and feelings of the speaker. One famous examples is Browning’s “My Last Duchess”.4.Stream-of-consciousness 意识流Stream of consciousness, which presents the thoughts of a character in the random, seemingly unorganized fashion in whichthe thinking process occurs, has the following characteristics. First, it reveals the action or plot through the mental processes of the characters rather than through the commentary of an omniscient author. Second, character development is achieved through revelation of extremely personal andoften typical thought processes rather than through the creation of typical characters in typical circumstances. Third, the action of the plot seldom corresponds to real, chronological time, but moves back and forth through present time to memories of past events and drams of the future. Fourth, it replaces narration, description, and commentary with dramatic interior monologue and free association.二、作家作品匹配（看笔记）三、诗歌赏析1. Shakespeare - Hamlet 上册P128 Note 1&2To be or not to be:that is the question,2. Bacon - Of Studies 上册P145Bacon’s 58 essays were published in 1625. They are the author;s reflections and comments, mostly on rather abstract subjects, such as “Of Truth”, “Of Friendship”, and “O f riches”. They are known for their conciseness, brevity, simplicity and forcefulness.◆第一部分：It is about the purpose of studiesA. Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.B. They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience; for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience.◆第二部分：It is about the way to study.Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and takefor granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider.◆第三部分：It is about the relationship between studies and characteristic.A. Reading maketh a full man;conference a ready man;and writing an exact man.B. Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend.With these two rhetorical devices, the sentences have become more simple and the important points are highlighted. In such sentences, parallelism and ellipsis bring great help to express Bacon’s strong emotions.3. Shelley - Ode to the west wind 下册P52-55第一段If winter comes, can spring be far behind?Death & Rebirthdrive his dead thoughts (like the dead leaves) across the universe in order to prepare the way for new birth in the spring 西风已经成了一种象征，它是一种无处不在的宇宙精神，一种打破旧世界，追求新世界的西风精神。
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William Shakespeare威廉•莎士比亚 1564~1616 ⑴ the first period Henry IV Richard III The Comedy Of Errors Titus Andronicus The Taming Of The Shrew The Two Gentlemen Of The Verona Love’S Labour’S Lost Romeo And Juliet ⑵ the second period Richard II A Midsummer Night’S Dream King John Merchant Of Venice Henry IV Much Ado About Nothing Julius Caesar As You Like It Twelfth Night
Geoffery
The Renaissance
Thomas
More托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
Utopia乌托邦
Sir
Philip Sidney 西德尼1554-1586
Astrophel and Stella爱星者和星星 Apology for Poetry诗辩
Edmund Spenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
Jonathan Swift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745 Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记 A Modest Proposal一个小小的建议 The Battle of Books书战 A Tale of a Tub木桶的故事 The Drapper’s Letters一个麻布商的书信 Daniel Defoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731 Robinson Crusoe鲁宾逊漂流记 Moll Flanders Colonel Jacque Captain singleton Samuel Richardson塞缪尔•理查逊1689~1761 Pamela (Virtue Rewarded) 帕米拉 Clarissa Harhowe
英国文学作家作品 British Writers and Works
Medieval Ages
Chaucer 杰弗里•乔叟 1340(?)~1400 ① The Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷故事集 Troilus and Criseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希 德 ② The House of Fame声誉之宫 The Books of the Duchess悼公爵夫人
The Faerie Queene仙后 The Shepherds Calendar牧人日历 Amoretti爱情小唱 Epithalamion婚后曲
Hale Waihona Puke Francis Bacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
Advancement of Learning学术的推进 Novum Organum新工具 Essays随笔
The 17th Century
John Milton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674 ① Paradise Lost失乐园 Paradise Regained复乐园 Samson Agonistes力士参孙 ② Areopagitica论出版自由 The Defence of the English People为英国人民声辩 John Bunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688 The Pilgrim’s Progress 天路历程 The Life and Death of Mr Badman败德先生传
William Blake威廉•布莱克1757~1827 ① Songs of Innocence天真之歌 Songs of Experience经验之歌 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell天堂与地狱的婚姻 ② The Chimney Sweeper Robert Burns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796 Poems Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗 John Anderson, My Jo约翰•安德生，我的爱人 A Red, Red Rose一朵红红的玫瑰 Auld Long Syne往昔时光 A Man’s a Man for A’That不管那一套 My Heart’s in the Highlands我的心在那高原上 Bruce At Bannockburn
The 18th Century
Alexander Pope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744 ① Essay on Criticism批评论 The Rape of the Lock卷发遇劫记 ② Moral Essays道德论 Essay on Man人论 The Dunciad愚人记 Samuel Johnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784 ① Dictionary =The Dictionary of English Language英 语辞典 The Lives of Great Poets诗人传 ② The Vanity of Human Wishes人类欲望之虚幻 London伦敦 A Letter To His Patron
Henry Fielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754 ① novels The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling汤姆•琼斯 The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews约瑟夫• 安德鲁 The Life of Mr Jonathan Wild, the Great大诗人江奈生 •威尔德 Amelia爱米利亚 ② plays The Historical Register for 1736一七三六年历史记事 Don Quixote in England堂吉柯德在英国
⑶ The Third Period Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth Antony And Cleopatra Troilus And Cressida Timon Of Athens ⑷ The Fourth Period Pericles Cymbeline The Winter’S Tale The Tempest Henry Viii ⑸ Poetry: Venus And Adonis; The Rape Of Lucrece (Venus And Lucrece); The Passionate Pilgrim, The Sonnets
Dramatists in Renaissance
Christopher
Marlowe 柯里斯托弗•马洛
1564~1595
The Tragical History of Doctor Faustus浮士德博
士的悲剧 Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝 The Jew of Malta马耳他的犹太人
John Dryden约翰•德莱顿1631~1700 An Essay of Dramatic Poesy 论戏剧诗 All for Love一切为了爱情 Absalom and Achitophel押沙龙与阿齐托菲尔 John Donne ① Meditations 沉思录 The Flea 虱子 ② Songs And Sonnets Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions Holy Sonnets
The Romantic Age
William Wordsworth威廉•华兹华斯1770~1850 Lyrical Ballads抒情歌谣集 I Wondered Lonely As A Cloud Lines Composed A Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey We Are Seven我们是七个 The Solitary Reaper孤独的割麦女 The Prelude Samuel Taylor Coleridge塞缪尔•泰勒•科尔律治1772~1834 The Rime of the Ancient Mariner古舟子颂 Christabel柯里斯塔贝尔 Kubla Khan忽必烈汗 Frost at Night半夜冰霜 Dejection, an Ode忧郁颂
George Gordon Byron乔治•戈登•拜伦1788~1824 ① Don Juan唐•璜 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage恰尔德•哈罗德尔游记 Cain该隐 ② When We Two Parted当初我们俩分别 She Walks In Beauty Persy Bysshe Shelley波西•比希•雪莱1792~1822 ① Prometheus Unbound解放了的普罗米修斯 Queen Mab麦布女王 Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛 The Cenci钦契一家 The Masque of Anarchy,专制者的假面游行 ② Ode to the West Wind西风颂 To a Skylark致云雀 John Keats约翰•济慈1795~1821 Ode on a Grecian Urn希腊古瓮颂 Ode to a Nightingale夜莺颂 Ode to Autumn秋颂 Ode On Melancholy