2010年考研经典短文背诵之教育类六
2010年各大高校教育硕士考研【333教育综合】考研真题试题(经典17套)
2010年各大高校教育硕士考研【333教育综合】考研真题试题目录2010年苏州大学教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (2)2010年中山大学教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (3)2010年浙江师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (4)2010年徐州师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (5)2010年西南大学教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (6)2010年天津师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (7)2010年首都师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (8)2010年山东师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (9)2010年曲阜师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (10)2010年青岛大学教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (11)2010年宁波大学教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (12)2010年聊城大学教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (13)2010年华中师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (14)2010年华东师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (15)2010年河南大学教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (16)2010年东北师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (17)2010年安徽师大教育硕士333教育综合考研真题 (18)2010年苏州大学教育硕士333教育综合考研真题一、名词解释1人的发展2教育的社会流动功能3终身教育4元认知5骑士教育6有教无类二、简答1教师角色的冲突有哪些？如何解决？2比较孟子与荀子人性观及他们对教育的作用的认识。
3学生认知的差异有哪些表现？为此，教学应注意哪些方面？4简述卢梭的自然教育思想。
三、论述1教育的相对独立性表现在哪些方面？并就此谈谈你对教育与社会发展的关系的认识。
2试论隋唐科举制与学校教育的关系，并分析其在历史上的影响。
3试述皮亚杰的道德认知发展理论，并联系实际加以评价。
4试述文艺复兴时期人文主义教育的主要特征，影响及其贡献。
一、概念解释(6小题，每小题5分，共30分)I、教育学2、因材施教3、教育目的4、陶冶5、奥苏伯尔的有意义学习6、知识领会二、简答题(4小题，每小题10分，共40分)1、简谈学生掌握知识的基本阶段2、简谈教师劳动的基本特点3、简述汉武帝文教政策的基本内容4、简述人文主义教育的基本特征三、论述题(4小题，每小题20分，共80分)1、谈谈影响人的发展因素及其相互关系2、谈谈蔡元培的教育思想及其现实意义3、论述要素主义教育思想的主要观点4、联系实际谈谈在教学中如何运用迁移的原理和规律促进学生的学习一、名词解释题（共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）1.个人本位论2.教学策略3.监生历事制度4.中体西用5.苏格拉底教学法6.骑士教育二、简答题（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）7.教育的要素及相互关系。
统考统考2010年教育学真题及参考答案
2010全国统考真题之教育学解析2010教育学统考部分真题及参考答案二、辨析题：46～48小题，每小题15分。
共45分。
要求判断正误并着重阐明理由。
请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上。
46、教学是教师有目的、有计划地促进学生掌握知识和技能的过程。
47、课程即学校开设的全部学科的总和。
48、智力是创造力的充要条件。
三、简答题：49～53小题，每小题15分，共75分。
请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上。
49、简述学校教育对学生的发展发挥主导作用的条件。
50、简述杨贤江“全人生的指导”的目标和内容。
51、简述赫尔巴特的教学形式阶段理论。
52、简述奥苏伯尔有意义学习的实质与条件。
53、列举列举教育研究假设的三种分类方式，并简述假设表述基本要求。
四、分析论述题：54～56小题，每小题30．共90分。
请将答案写在答题纸指定位置上。
54、美国经济学家桑德伯格曾经对经济增长与教育的关系进行跨国的动态比较。
他以欧洲各国1950年的成人识字率表示人力资本存量，然后动态比较1913年和1970年人均国民收入的变化。
其统计结果如表。
（图表略）（1）根据表中数据说明教育对经济发展的影响及其特点；（2）运用相关原理分析产生这种教育影响及其特点的原因。
55、试从指导思想和改革措施两方面比较中国洋务教育与日本明治维新教育改革。
56、本题为选做题部分，请在Ⅰ、Ⅱ两道题中任选一道作答。
如果两题都答，只按第Ⅰ道题的成绩计入总分。
Ⅰ、阅读下述案例，回答问题。
对于学生在课堂上的违规行为，老师可能采用各种不同的办法进行处理。
下面是5个实例。
例一学生张明在课堂上对邻座做鬼脸，引起对方发笑，老师对其注视片刻后，即不再理睬，机械讲课，学生遂终止其不当行为。
例二当学生的违规行为获得部分学生认可时，让违规学生坐到教室后边，与其他学生分开，有效地阻止了学生的违规行为。
例三刚上课时，郭忠抽掉前座李军的椅子，李军重重地摔了一跤，老师当即严肃的批评了郭忠，并令其放学后到老师办公室写情况说明。
2010.6—2007.12大学英语6级阅读真题答案解析(免费分享)
2010年6月大学英语六级考试阅读真题答案与详解PartⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1.【答案】C)。
【定位】由题干中的Erin White和Barack Obama’s victory in the election定位到原文第一段第一句：As Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders.【精析】C）Relieved“如释重负”与句中提及的怀特的感受felt a burden lifting from her shoulders是同义转述，故C)为正确答案。
2.【答案】D)。
【定位】由题干中的Erin White和haunted by the question of whether定位到原文第二段第二句：But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want.【精析】该句中been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether 与题干中been haunted by the question of whether对应，由此可推知一直困扰她的问题是whether I really can be who I want。
D)she could go as far as she wanted in life含义与之相符，故为正确答案。
3.【答案】B)。
【定位】由题干中的the focus of Ashby Plant’s study定位到原文第一个小标题下第一句：Ashby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who seized on Obama’s candidacy to test hypotheses about the power of role models.【精析】题干中的the focus是定位句中seized on...to的同义转述。
2010年研究生考试教育学专业真题解析
2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。
英语（一）即原统考“英语”。
英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
2010考研英语作文范文
2010考研英语作文范文The Importance of Education。
Education is the key to success in life. It is the foundation upon which we build our future. As the famous saying goes, “Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” This statement holds true in every aspect of our lives, from our personal development to the progress of society as a whole.First and foremost, education is essential for personal growth and development. It provides us with the knowledge and skills necessary to navigate the complexities of the modern world. Through education, we gain a deeper understanding of ourselves and the world around us. We learn to think critically, solve problems, and communicate effectively. These skills are crucial for success in any field, whether it be business, science, or the arts.Furthermore, education plays a vital role in shapingthe future of society. It is through education that we are able to address the challenges and opportunities of the21st century. By investing in education, we can empower individuals to become active and informed citizens. This,in turn, leads to a more prosperous and equitable society. Education also fosters innovation and progress, driving economic growth and social development.In addition, education has the power to break the cycle of poverty and inequality. It provides individuals with the opportunity to improve their circumstances and pursue their dreams. By ensuring that everyone has access to quality education, we can create a more just and inclusive society. Education is the great equalizer, giving people from all walks of life the chance to succeed and thrive.In conclusion, education is crucial for personal and societal advancement. It is the foundation upon which we build our future, and the key to unlocking our full potential. By investing in education, we can create a more prosperous, equitable, and just world for generations to come.仿写：The Significance of Environmental Protection。
2010年6月英语六级作文及范文（昂立）
六级作文范文参考：Due Attitude Should Be Given to the Studyof Chinese1、近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文的现象2、出现这种现象的原因和后果3、为了改变这种状况，我认为……In recent years, the ignorance of Chinese has been prevailing amongthe students. In contrast, more and more students attach great importance toforeign languages since the economic globalization. In this essay, I willdiscuss the factors and consequences of this phenomenon and offer my own viewon it。
There are anumber of factors which can be attributed to this situation. One of the mostcommon factors is that the majority of people hold a view that English is thedominant language in the world and we should give priority to it. Moreover,although Chinese is a compulsory course in higher education, most professorsand students haven’t given due attitude to it as fewer courses and credits aredistributed to Chinese and fewer students attend the class or choose it astheir major. And the fundamental factor is that most students take it forgranted that Chinese is their mother tongue and they’ve already mastered it。
2010年6月大学英语六级考试真题参考答案
2010年6月大学英语六级考试真题参考答案听力原文：Section AShort Conversation11. M: Oh, I’m so sorry I forgot to bring along the book you borrowed from the library.W: What a terrible memory you have! Anyway, I won’t need it until Friday night. As long as I can get it by then, OK?Q: What do we learn from this conversation?12. W: Doctor, I haven’t been able to get enough sleep lately, and I’m too tired to concentrate in class.M: Well, you know, spending too much time indoors with all that artificial lighting can do that to you.Your body loses track of whether it’s day or night.Q: What does the man imply?13. M: I think I’ll get one of those new T-shirts, you know, with the school’s logo on both the front andback.W: You’ll regret it. They are expensive, and I’ve heard th e printing fades easily when you wash them.Q: What does the woman mean?14. W: I think your article in the school newspaper is right on target, and your viewpoints have certainlyconvinced me.M: Thanks, but in view of the general responses, you and I are definitely in the minority.Q: What does the man mean?15. M: Daisy was furious yesterday because I lost her notebook. Should I go see her and apologize toagain?W: Well, if I were you, I’d let her cool off a few days before I approach her.Q: What does the woman suggest the man do?16. M: Would you please tell me where I can get batteries for this brand of camera?W: Let me have a look. Oh, yes, go down this aisle, pass the garden tools, you’ll find them on the shelf next to the light bulbs.Q: What is the man looking for?17. M: Our basketball team is playing in the finals but I don’t have a ticket. I guess I’ll just watch it onTV. Do you want to come over?W: Actually I have a ticket. But I’m not feeling well. You can have it for what it cost me.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?18. M: Honey, I’ll be going straight to the theatre from work this evening. Could you bring my suit andtie along?W: Sure, it’s the first performance of the State Symphony Orchestra in our city, so suit and tie is a must.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Long ConversationsConversation 1M: I got two letters this morning with job offers, one from the Polytechnic, and the other from the Language School in Pistoia, Italy.W: So you are not sure which to go for?M: That’s it. Of course, the conditions of work are very different: The Polytechnic is offering two-year contract which could be renewed, but the language school is only offering a year’s contract, and that’s a different minus. It could be renewed, but y ou never know.W: I see. So it’s much less secure. But you don’t need to think too much about steady jobs when you are only 23.M: That’s true.W: What about the salaries?M: Well, the Pistoia job pays much better in the short term. I’ll be getting the equ ivalent of about ￡22,000 a year there, but only ￡20,000 at the Polytechnic. But then the hours are different. At the Polytechnic I’d have to do 35 hours a week, 20 teaching and 15 administration, whereas the Pistoia school is only asking for 30 hours teaching.W: Mmm…M: Then the type of teaching is so different. The Polytechnic is all adults and mostly preparation for exams like the Cambridge certificates. The Language School wants me to do a bit of exam preparation, but also quite a lot of work in compani es and factories, and a couple of children’s classes. Oh, and a bit of literature teaching.W: Well, that sounds much more varied and interesting. And I’d imagine you would be doing quire a lot of teaching outside the school, and moving around quite a bit.M: Yes, whereas with the Polytechnic position, I’d be stuck in the school all day.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard:Q19. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Q20. What do we learn about the students at the Polytechnic?Q21. What does the woman think of the job at the Language school?Conversation 2Good evening and welcome to tonight's edition of Legendary Lives. Our subject this evening is James Dean, actor and hero for the young people of his time. Edward Murray is the author of a new biography of Dean.W: Good evening, Edward.M: Hello Tina.W: Edward, tell us what you know about Dean's early life.M: He was born in Indiana in 1931, but his parents moved to California when he was five. He wasn't there long though because his mother passed away just four years later. Jimmy's father sent him back to Indiana after that to live with his aunt.W: So how did he get into acting?M: Well, first he acted in plays at high school, then he went to college in California where he got seriously into acting. In 1951 he moved to New York to do more stage acting.W: Then when did his movie career really start?M: 1955. His first starring role was in East of Eden. It was fabulous. Dean became a huge success.But the movie that really made him famous was his second one, Rebel Without a Cause, that was about teenagers who felt like they didn't fit into society.W: So how many more movies did he make?M: Just one more, then he died in that car crash in California in 1955.W: What a tragedy! He only made three movies! So what made him the legend he still is today?M: Well I guess his looks, his acting ability, his short life, and maybe the type of character he played inhis movies. Many young people saw him as a symbol of American youths.Q22 What is the woman doing?Q23 Why did James Dean move back to Indiana when he was young?Q24 What does the man say James Dean did at college in California?Q25 What do we know about James Dean from the conversation?Section BPassage 1The time is 9 o’clock and this is Marian Snow with the news.The German authorities are sending investigators to discover the cause of the plane crash late yesterday on the island of Tenerife. The plane, a Boeing 737, taking German holiday makers to the island crashed into a hillside as it circled while preparing to land. The plane was carrying 180 passengers. It’s thought there are no survivors. Rescue workers were at the scene.The British industrialist James Louis, held by kidnapper in central Africa for the past 8 months, was released unharmed yesterday. The kidnappers had been demanding 1 million pounds for the release of Mr. Louis. The London Bank and their agents who had been negotiating with the kidnappers have not said whether any amount of money has been paid.The 500 UK motors workers who had been on strike in High Town for the past 3 three weeks went back to work this morning. This follows successful talks between management and union representatives, which resulted in a new agreement on working hour and conditions. A spokesman for the management said they’d hope they could now get back to producing cars, and that they lost lots of money and orders over this dispute.And finally the weather. After a code start, most of the country should be warm and sunny. But towards late afternoon, rain will spread from Scotland to cover most parts by midnight.Questions 26 – 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26 What does the news say about the Boeing 737 plane?27 What happened to British industrialist James Louis?28 How did the 3-week strike in High Town end?29 What kind of weather will be expected by midnight in most parts of the country?Passage 2Juan Louis, a junior geology major, decided to give an informative speech about how earthquakes occur. From his audience and analysis he learned that only 2 or 3 of his classmates knew much of anything about geology. Juan realized then that he must present his speech at an elementary level and with a minimum of scientific language. As he prepared the speech, Juan kept asking himself, “How can I make this clear and meaningful to someone who knows nothing about earthquakes or geological principles?” Since he was speaking in the Midwest, he decided to begin by noting that the most severe earthquake in American history took place not in California or Alaska but at New Madrid, Missouri in 1811. If such an earthquake happened today, it would be felt from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean and would flatten most of the cities in the Mississippi valley. That, he figured, should get his classmates’ attention. Throughout the body of the speech, Juan dealt only with the basic mechanics of the earthquakes, carefully avoid technical terms. He also prepared visual aids, diagramming photo line, so his classmates wouldn’t get confused. To be absolutely safe, Juan asked his roommate, who was not a geology major, to listen to the speech. “Stop me,” he said, “any time I say something you don’t understand.” Juan’s roommate stopped him four times. And at each spot, Juan worked out a way to make his point more clearly. Finally, he had a speech that was interestingand perfectly understandable to his audience.Questions 30 – 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q30 What did Juan Louis learn from the analysis of his audience?Q31 How did Juan Louis start his speech?Q32 What did Juan ask his roommate to do when he was making his trial speech?Passage 3Esperanto is an artificial language, designed to serve internationally as an auxiliary means of communication among speakers of different languages. It was created by Ludwig Lazar Zamenhof, a polish Jewish doctor specialized in eye diseases. Esperanto was first presented in 1887. An international movement was launched to promote its use. Despite arguments and disagreements, the movement has continued to flourish and has members in more than 80 countries. Esperanto is used internationally across language boundaries by at least 1 million people, particularly in specialized fields. It is used in personal contexts, on radio broadcasts and in a number of Its popularity has spread form Europe, both east and west, to such countries as Brazil and Japan. It is, however, in China that Esperanto has had its greatest impact. It is taught in universities and used in many translations, often in scientific or technological works. EL POPOLA CHINIO, which means from people’s China, it’s a monthly magazine in Esperanto and it’s read worldwide. Radio Beijing’s Esperanto program is the most popular program in Esperanto in the world. Esperanto vocabulary is drawn primarily from Latin, the Roman’s languages, English and German. Spelling is completely regular. A simple and consistent set of endings indicates grammatical functions of words. Thus for example, every noun ends in “o”, every adj ective in “a”, and basic form of every verb in “i”. Esperanto also has a highly productive system of constructing new words from old ones.Questions 33 – 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.Q33 What does the speaker tell us about Esperanto?Q34 What is said about the international movement to promote the use of Esperanto?Q35 What does the speaker say about Esperanto in China?Section CGeorge Herbert Mead said that humans are "talked into" humanity. He meant that we gain personal identity as we communicate with others. In the earliest years of our lives, our parents tell us who we are:"You're intelligent." "You're so strong."We first see ourselves through the eyes of others. So their messages form important foundations of our self-concepts. Later, we interact with teachers, friends, romantic partners and coworkers who communicate their views of us. Thus, how we see ourselves reflects the views of us that others communicate.The profound connection between identity and communication is dramatically evident in children who are deprived of human contact. Case studies of children who are isolated from others reveal that they lack a firm self-concept, and their mental and psychological development is severely hindered by lack of language.Communications with others not only affects our sense of identity, but also directly influences our physical and emotional well-being. Consistently, research shows that communicating with others promotes health, whereas social isolation is linked to stress, disease, and early death.People who lack close friends have greater levels of anxiety and depression than people who are close to others. A group of researchers reveal scores of studies that trace the relationship between health and interaction with others.The conclusion was that social isolation is statistically as dangerous as high blood pressure,smoking and obesity. Many doctors and researchers believe that loneliness harms the immune system, making us more vulnerable to a range of miner and major illnesses.作文解析此次作文考的是学生忽视汉语学习的现象及其原因、后果和对策分析。
2010年考研经典短文背诵之社会热点类一
2010年考研经典短文背诵之社会热点类一范文：The two pictures illustrate vividly the popularity of the famous British soccer star David Beckham. In the left picture a man painted Beckham's name on his face to show his support for Beckham, while in the right another is willing to spend three hundred yuan to have a hairstyle that is exactly the same as Beckham's.From the two pictures we can sense a crazy tendency of idol worship in today's China. Star fans, the majority of whom are teenagers and young adults, are used to blindly following every aspect of celebrities' behavior, accepting both positive and negative influences as universal truths. Aside from Beckham, another telling example is the nation-wide “Super-Girl competitions” held in past two years in China. They were so successful in drawing fans' attention and emotions that the ups and downs of the “super girls” had almost constituted the whole lives of their frenetic followers. Admittedly, it is natural that those cool and fashionable stars seem attractive to the youth. Nevertheless, it is the responsibility of our government and society to guide young people in building a wholesome outlook towards the world and life. In my opinion, what's most important is to have them adore worthy values and qualities, such as honesty, diligence, and persistence.译文：这两幅图生动地展现了英国足球明星贝克汉姆的受欢迎程度。
2010年考研英语一作文范文
2010年考研英语一作文范文一、应用文(小作文)：Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative。
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use " postgraduate association " instead。
2010年首次从书信转向应用文通知，其他还有报告，见证书，摘要等将成为趋势。
Volunteers WantedJan. 9, 2010The International Conference on Globalization will be held at Tianjin University from July 4th to 12th. We are now recruiting volunteers to assist in organization, reception and translation etc。
There are several requirements for the applicants. First, good command of both written and spoken English is qualified for successful reception work. Second, basic knowledge of globalization of economy is necessary for the translation. Lastly, friendliness and hospitality should be shown by every volunteer during work with foreign experts。
2010教育学考研真题
2010年教育学考研真题答案解析作者：北师大三人行教育2010年01月11日09:17我来说两句(0)复制链接大中小在经历了一年的刻苦努力之后，2010年1月10日上午全国硕士入学考试教育学专业已经考试结束。
三人行教育全体同仁对所有参加考试学生表示慰问和恭贺。
你们经历了一年的努力和拼搏，这其中艰辛我们一起见证和走过。
你们用自己的信心和恒心坚持到了最后，你们就是胜利者，我们相信，你们一定会实现自己的理想，取得优异的成绩！在此，我们结合2010年的真题在第一时间给出一份可供大家参考的答案，希望广大考生可以从中受到启发。
同时对2011年的考生提供有价值的参考！2010年教育学考研真题答案解析部分辨析题：一，教学是教师有目的有计划地培养学生知识和技能的活动。
答：此观点存在一些偏差。
教学是教和学相结合或相统一的活动，是由教师的教和学生的学所组成的双边活动过程，通过教学，学生在教师有目的有计划的引导之下，学习系统的科学文化知识和技能，发展智力、体力，陶冶品德，养成全面发展的个性。
而此题干中只说明了教师的教，对于学生的学并没有明确说明，因此，此观点是片面的。
我们所强调的教学是在教师教的基础上发挥学生主动性和积极性的活动，而绝非教师填鸭式的传授方式。
二，课程是学校全部教学活动的总和。
答：对于课程的概念虽然目前没有明确的定义，但是我们要给课程下定义需要说明是广义和狭义的课程，在题干中课程是从一个狭义的角度来理解课程。
广义的课程是指学生在学校获得的全部经验。
其中包括有目的、有计划的学科设置、教学活动、教学进程、课外活动以及学校环境和氛围的影响。
而狭义的课程是指各级各类学校为了实现培养目标而开设的学科及其目的、内容、范围、活动。
因此，本题干中没有说明课程的广义和狭义的概念区分，另外，题干中也存在将课程和教学概念相混淆的问题。
题干中有明显的大课程小教学的倾向，这是存在争议的。
三，智力是创造力的必要条件。
答：该说法明确错误。
2010年6月英语六级作文范文
2010年6月英语六级作文范文真题：Due Attention Should Be Given To the Study of Chinese1。
近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象;2。
出现这种现象的原因和后果;3。
我认为…点评:六级考试的作文体现了六级在出题上一贯稳健的作风，这篇文章就是反复强调过的现象解决型的文章。
这篇文章的第一段是一个提出问题的段落，应当采用提出问题段落的结构思路去写，这个段落的结构和历年考察过的校园浪费增加，出国旅游越来越多，盗版泛滥，虚假广告泛滥这些段落的结构思路是完全一样的。
第二段是一个将原因列举和后果列举结合起来的比较长的一个段落，这个段落出现了列举段结构的重叠，中文学习被忽视的原因包括目前中国的学校教育过分强调英语的重要性，市场经济的发展催生了对外语使用的需求所以中文被忽略了，现在的国际交流越来越多促使学生把精力都放在学习英语等外语上导致学中文时间很少，很多家长和老师觉得中文没有必要花时间去学等。
后果列举起来的话包括学生的母语写作能力下降，母语口头表达能力不强，整个民族的文化传统没有被很好地继承，因语言而生的自豪感体现不出来，中文所包含的文学类的东西没有被很好地理解。
第三段是一个典型的建议措施列举段，我们可以采取什么样的方法去提高我们的中文表达能力呢?诸如在认识上提高对中文学习的重视，认识到学习母语是提高外语水平的基础，文化的继承要以学习中文为基础，学校要重视中文教育，家长要从小培养自己的孩子的中文水平，国家应该通过各种比赛和奖金来提高学生学习中文的积极性。
六级作文范文Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling1. 如今很多学生不重视中文学习2. 出现这种现象的原因和后果3. 我认为(普通应试版)Currently, there is a growing concern for difficulty in the mother tongue language am ong university students. Foreign language learning, not Chinese, has become a common oc currence on our campus. Obviously, more and more experts are beginning to be aware of the seriousness of this problem.A number of reasons can be easily found for this. For one thing, students pay more attention to English study than Chinese training. For another thing, the companies, especial ly the gainful employment, focus on the candidates' foreign language skills. What's more, Chinese plays a less important role in university courses. In other words, teachers also fee l unnecessary to hold further studies on Chinese. Consequently, language learners found in ability in gaining English successfully, or they may feel having difficulties in understandin g in other languages.As far as I am concerned, the correct and exact expression in Chinese ought to be t he primary concern for foreign languages studies, which means Chinese, our mother tongu e, is the foundation for understanding, expressing and learning other languages. Obviously, it is necessary that effective actions should be taken to prevent the above situation.(作文高手版)Recently it often hits headlines of newspapers that some prestigious universities like Tongji exclude Chinese from the subjects to be tested in their practice of independent ad mission. This has aroused heated discussion among the public -- Is Chinese not so import ant as English? What if we neglect the study of our mother tongue?First of all, globalization counts much for this phenomenon. In modern society, infor mation in most media, be it the Internet or newspaper, is conveyed in English. As a sayi ng goes, one can go to every corner of the world without any difficulty in communicatin g with local people. Unfortunately, while we emphasize the importance of English, we un derrate the value of Chinese though China has been developing at an amazing speed.But neglecting the study of Chinese is extremely harmful if the situation is left unfett ered. The major harm is that China’s traditional value is likel y to get lost because langua ge and ideas are interlocked in most cases. For example, when interviewed, most youngst ers show that they are quite unfamiliar with some famous figures and their sayings.To sum up, many reasons are responsible for the phenomenon and it will do us har m if we leave the situation as it is. Faced with the problem, we are expected to take effe ctive measures. For one thing, the government should work out rules to ensure the time f or the study of Chinese in school. Only in this way, can we find a cure for the problem.。
2010年考研英语二必背作文范文
1)make an apology,
2)suggest a solution。
Dear Bob,
I’m writing to apologize for having forgotten to return the “the Beatles” CD to you when I left Canada. I was in such a hurry that I packed everything in my luggage without checking carefully. Had I paid more attention then, I wouldn’t have made such a stupid mistake。
(二)摘要：最新大纲样题：经济类
Directions: Read the following Chinese text and write an abstract of it in 80-100 English words on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)
Dear Mr. Shakespeare,
I am writing to express my heartfelt gratitude. I am referring to that unfortunate accident the other day, when I was knocked off my bike by a taxi。
As we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field。
2010年考研英语阅读真题狂背版+全文翻译
Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.对于年龄低于40岁的普通读者来讲，让他们想象一下当年可以在许多大城市报纸上读到精品的文艺评论简直几乎是天方夜谭。
2010年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案（5篇材料）
2010年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案（5篇材料）第一篇：2010年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案2010年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案以下是新东方在线为同学们整理的2010年6月英语六级阅读真题及答案，供各位考生参考。
Part IV Reading Comprehension(Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements.Read the passage carefully.Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2.Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Question: My ninth-grade art teacher doesn't give any grade above 94% because, she says, “There's always room for improvement.” In previous years, I earned a 99% and a 100%.The 94 I received this term does not reflect the hard work that I put into this course.Because of her “improvement” theory, I got a lower grade than I deserve.Is her grading philosophy ethical(符合职业道德规范的)?Answer: Your teacher's grading system may be unwise, but it is not unethical.A teacher deserves wide latitude in selecting the method of grading that best promotes learning in her classroom;that is, after all, the prime function of grades.It is she who has the training and experience to make this decision.Assuming that your teacher is neither biased nor corrupt and that her system conforms to school rules, you can't fault her ethics.You can criticize her methodology.A 100 need not imply that there is no possibility of improvement, only that a studentsuccessfully completed the course work.A ninth grader could get a well-earned 100 in English class but still have a way to go before she writes as well as Jane Austen.What's more, grades are not only an educational device but are also part of a screening system to help assign kids to their next class or program.By capping her grades at 94 while most other teachers grade on a scale that tops out at 100, your teacher could jeopardize a student's chance of getting a scholarship or getting into a top college.What it is wrong to condemn her for is overlooking your hard work.You diligence is worthy of encouragement, but effort does not equal accomplishment.If scholars suddenly discovered that Rembrandt had dashed off “The Night Watch” in an afternoon, it would still be “The Night Watch.”I could spend mon ths sweating over my own “paintings”, but I'd produce something you wouldn't want to hang in your living room.Or your garage.One feature of a good grading system is that those measured by it generally regard it as fair and reasonable—not the case here.Simmering(难以平息的)resentment is seldom an aid to education.And so your next step should be to discuss your concerns with your teacher or the principal.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting大1家workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 大2家giving their name to the "Hawthorneeffect", the extremely influential idea that the very 大3家to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 大4家behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 大5家of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 大6家what was done in the experiment; 大7家something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 大8家that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 大9家to alter workers' behavior 大10家itself.After several decades, the same data were 大11家to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments hasanother surprise store 大12家the descriptions on record, no systematic 大13家was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 大14家interpretation of whathapped. 大15家, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output大16家rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 大18家, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 大19家to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 大20家 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued18. [A] Therefore [B] Furthermore [C] However [D] Meanwhile19. [A] attempted [B] tended [C] chose [D]intended20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to w riters who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lif etime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents." Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling. The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too manypatents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people. Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules. It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section Ⅲ WritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
2010年考研21篇作文
2009宫东风团队考研英语预测第一篇What a thought-provoking drawing it is!As it is vividly revealed in the drawing above, a football goal-keeper is sparing no efforts to catch money while paying no heed to the ball. What is conveyed in the drawing is most meaningful to us and our society.The implied meaning of the drawing may be interpreter in terms of responsibility, credibility and morality.To begin with,the sense of responsibility, credibility and morality must be established in different walks of life.Both enterprises and individuals should honor professional responsibility, credibility and morality so as to realize self-value. Otherwise,resulting consequences would do harm to the public of our whole society. Sometimes the international image of our country could be spoiled.What’s more,it should be realized that money is the root of all evil. If an enterprise or individual is only money-oriented, it or he would care nothing about professional responsibility, credibility and morality but making profits by all means. Eventually the enterprise or individual could break the law and go astray. In sum, responsibility, credibility and morality should never be neglected in our work and life.Take Sanlu for example. Sanlu is a well-known brand in Chinese milk industry. In order to pursue the maximum profits, a certain chemical is mixed in its milk powder for babies. As a result, many babies who have consumed its milk fall ill with kidney stone. The event is reported by media and overnight Sanlu has become notorious.We must draw a lesson from Sanlu and always bear it in mind that responsibility, credibility and morality are the life of both an enterprise and individual.第二篇It is well-known that great oaks from little acorns grow. As it is vividly demonstrated in the drawing above, an PLA army-man has set himself a goal and then divided the goal into small but concrete targets so as to carry out his plan step by step.What is conveyed in the drawing is most instructive and thought-provoking.The implied meaning of the drawing can be interpreted with respect to the goal of life, patience and persistence. To begin with, it should be realized that nothing seek, nothing find. As a social being, self-development is of importance. A definite goal, which is based on personal interests and abilities, must be set up so as to make out ideal come true. What’s more, we should bear the proverbs in mind that“Fool’s haste is no spe ed” and “Every little makes”. Nothing could be achieved overnight.And to achieve one’s goal is no exception. It needs a process and constant efforts. In sum, drops of water outwear the stone.Take Deng Yaping for example. Deng is a super table-tennis player and has snatched numerous gold medals in international events. However, it is hardly known that Deng began her training when she four years old. It is Deng’s sweat, tears, patience and persistence that have helped her achieve her goal. As a saying g oes:” Slow and steady win the race”.第三篇What a humorous and thought-provoking drawing it is! As it is vividly revealed (展现显露揭示暴露)in the drawing（图片）, nearly all the goldfish jump into the big tank which is labeled with the words “metropolis”（首要城市，大城市大都会）so that they face fierce competition and cruel survival condition. No fish is willing to stay in small towns and countryside.What is conveyed in the drawing is realistic and most meaningful.The mail purpose of the painter can be briefly interpreted（解释说明阐明、把什么理解为、翻译口译）in terms of wise choice and sacrifice spirit.To begin with, discretion（谨慎、慎重）is the better part of valour（勇猛英勇）. It is no doubt that the metropolis is intriguing（引起兴趣的、有米活力的）with respect to our career and self-development. However, when a metropolis is over-crowded with talents, we need to have a second thought in making a wise choice. We also need to be aware of the old sayings that “ One man’s meat is another man’s poison” and“Every man has his price.” Therefore the place that suits us should be the best and wise choice for us. What’s more,sacrifice spirit should be enhanced among young talents. It must be recognized that self-development and our career can not be separated from the growth of our motherland. Without the growth of small towns, and the vast rural areas, China can not develop. As a modern talent, we must combine our personal pursuit with the development of our nation in making career choice. In sum, both wisdom and sacrifice spirit should be taken into account in choice-making.As far as I am concerned, the West is my best choice. First of all, I was born and grew up there so that I intend to start my career in the West which I am most familiar with. Besides, as a student of agronomy（农学农艺学）, it is my duty to take roots in the rural area of the West. When I was young, my teacher asked me to recite（背诵叙述详述列举）:”I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country”. Now it’s time for me to cash （现金现款、动词付现、兑现）my promise.metropolis n.①首都；首府；大都会; ②(商业，艺术等的)中心，中心地;valour n.[书面语](尤指在战争中)英勇，勇猛；刚毅;Discretion is the better part of ~.[谚]谨慎为勇敢之本；有智才有勇(常用作诙谐语，实质是掩饰懦怯的遁词).discretion n.①谨慎；考虑周到;sacrifice n.①[U] 献祭；牺牲;rural a.①乡村的，农村的，乡村风味的;第四篇It is well-known that one cannot put back the clock. As it is realistically demonstrated（论证证明表明显示、示威游行）in the drawing above, great changes have taken place with the passage of time. In the year of 2008, a young man is effortlessly searching online while in 1978 a scholar was working hard to hunt for materials among piles of books. What is conveyed（运送传导、表达传达）in the drawings is both realistic and most meaningful.The implied meaning of the drawing above can be interpreted in terms of the great changes and Opening-up and Reform Policy. To begin with, great changes over the past 30 years should be attributed to the Opening-up and Reform since 1978. In 1978 China launched the Opening-up and Reform, which has greatly promoted the rapid growth of our national economy. The enhancement of our economy has bought about the robust （强壮的、茁壮的健全的坚定地加强的）development of science and technology have changed our way of study and work. Modern science and technology have bought us the most efficient means of work and study. More materials are available and much information can be obtained instantly and immediately be means of internet and other hi-tech devices. The world is getting small and people are closer. In sum, thanks to the Opening-up and Reform, great changes have taken place over the past 30 years.In fact, great changes have taken place in various aspects of our life besides science and technology. Over the past 30 years, education has had a great stride（strode 大踏步走、迈进、跨、跨过）. College education is no longer a dream for the majority of young people. Our living standards have been greatly improved. We’ve got enough food and our clothes are more colorful. On the whole, great changes derive（取得、得到、派生出追溯。
2010年浙江统考
论述1.教育和政治经济的关系2.如何掌握概念简答1.教师的权利2.现代教育的内涵有意注意的条件和方法3.义务教育不受学费和杂费的意义案例分析有一位女士叫塞尔玛，她随丈夫去从军。
没想到，部队驻扎的地方在沙漠地带，住的是铁皮房子，她与周围的印第安人、墨西哥人语言不通，当地气温很高，在仙人掌的阴影下都是华氏125度。
更糟糕的是，后来他丈夫奉命远征，只留下她孤身一人。
因此她整天愁眉不展，度日如年。
没办法，她只好写信给父母。
好不容易盼来了回信，上面只有三行字：“两个人在监狱的铁窗往外看，一个看到的是地上的泥土，另一个看到的却是天上的星星。
”塞尔玛反复看，反复琢磨，终于明白了父母的苦心，原来父母是希望她不要总是消极地看问题。
于是，她开始主动和那些印第安人、墨西哥人交朋友，结果使他十分惊喜，因为她发现他们都十分好客、热情；她又开始研究沙漠里的仙人掌，并做了详细的观察笔记，这时她惊奇地发现那些仙人掌千姿百态，使人沉醉着迷；她欣赏沙漠的落日，感受沙漠里的海市蜃楼。
经过这样的改变，塞尔玛发现周围的一切都变了，变得使她每天都仿佛沐浴在春光里。
这是为什么呢？沙漠还是原来的沙漠，铁皮房还是那个铁皮房，印第安人、墨西哥人也都没有改变，因为他的内心发生了改变。
过去她习惯选择积极的一面去看。
后来，她根据自己的亲身经历写了一本书叫《快乐的城堡》，引起了很大的轰动。
启示：积极的心态，积极地选择对每个人来说都非常重要，因为任何事情都有两面——积极的和消极的。
每个人也都有优点和缺点，这也是两面。
既然有两面，就需要我们去选择。
我们从早到晚也都是在做着选择的事情，比如出门看见邻居，是微笑招呼还是形同陌路？清晨是立刻起床还是睡懒觉？无数人成功的事例告诉我们，积极的选择可以帮助人树立自信，克服自卑，还可以帮助人克服忧虑和烦恼、调整心态。
从这个故事中得出学生教育的启示。
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2010年考研经典短文背诵之教育类六
范文：
Almost everybody who lives in the urban areas of China is familiar with the phenomenon shown in this picture. The gate of a school is blocked by dozens of cars that belong to the loving parents who send children there. However, a teacher, who rides bicycle to school, finds difficulty in entering the gate because the cars leave no space for him.
This picture sharply points out two serious problems existing in today's educational circle. The first one is parents' blind pampering of children. Though it is a universal truth that parents always desire to grant kids with the best stuff available, we should bear in mind that convenient facilities bring temporary comfort but perhaps life-long laziness. The second issue addressed is the depressing social status that teachers enjoy. Despite the fact that teachers take charge of such an honored mission of enlightening humans, they are usually looked down upon and receive small salaries. It is a big contrast compared with their wealthy students.
These attitudes of indulging children and disrespect towards teachers should arouse more opposing voices. On the one hand, the society demands a generation that fully comprehends how to lead a self-sustaining life. On the other hand, for teachers' priceless contribution, they should be rewarded by due attention and more benefits.
译文：
每一个住在中国城市地区的人对于这幅图描绘的景象都十分熟悉。
学校的大门前挤满了轿车，都是慈爱的父母们来送自己的孩子上学。
可是，一个骑车来学校的教师却无法进入校门，因为根本没有空间可以让他进去。
这幅图尖锐地指出了存在于教育界的两个问题。
第一个是父母对于孩子的盲目溺爱。
尽管父母希望把能够得到最好的最好东西都给孩子，我们也应该牢记便利的设施可能带来暂时的舒适、却会造成孩子们的懒惰并导致他们持续一生的坏习惯。
另一个问题就是教师的社会地位非常低。
尽管教师承担了启蒙人类的光荣使命，但是他们却经常被人看低，而且工资也非常少。
这与他们那些富裕的学生们形成了鲜明的对比。
这种宠爱孩子和不尊重教师的态度应该引起更多反对的呼声。
一方面，社会需要的是一代能够充分理解如何自立生活的孩子。
另一方面，教师们为我们做出了无价的贡献，我们应该给予他们更多的关注和利益。
闪光词汇及词组：
block: v.妨碍，阻碍
educational circle:教育界
temporary: adj.暂时的
depressing: adj.令人沮丧的
take charge of:负责
enlighten: v.启蒙，教导
mission: n.使命，任务
look down upon:看不起
comprehend: v.理解，领会
self-sustaining: adj.自立的，自谋生活的
priceless: adj.无价的，极其贵重的
reward: v.酬劳，奖赏
万能句型：
Almost everybody who lives in the urban areas of China is familiar with the phenomenon shown in this picture.
This picture sharply points out two serious problems existing in…
It is a big contrast compared with…。