Exercises for Lecture 22
Exercises for Article of Lecture 4
Exercises for Article of Lecture 4I. Task 1 Useful ExpressionsWhile reading the passage, try to find out the useful expressions that are equivalent to the Chinese expressions given in the exercise.Reading 4-1 Women in Leadership1.我和大家一起祝贺你们通过不懈努力最终拿到学位。
2.成绩不能完全归功于自己。
3.一路上培养呵护你们4.指明未来的方向5.我写此文呼吁你们承担起提高每个人福祉的伟大事业。
6.经济学规律和其它学科的研究结果都表明7.充分挖掘人力资源和他们的智慧8.对家庭生活的研究表明9.深入思考两性平等的问题10.抓住机会11.但是20 年过去了，妇女仍然与平等相距甚远。
12.在公司化的美国，女性高管的数量在过去十年几乎没有增加。
13.平衡未来的事业和家庭14.打破阻止女性进步的内部和外部的障碍15.把理想变为真正的平等Reading 4-2 Why Men Fail1.男生的学习成绩不如女生。
2.男生只拿到了40%的学士和硕士学位。
3.男人的失业率也在上升。
4.男人仍然占据着企业里面最顶尖的工作岗位。
5.接受了为什么男人经济地位下降的某个说法6.在执行这些任务时表现很差7.提出一个不同的理论8.男性比较死板，女性则更灵活。
9.当社会发生巨变时，处于社会上层的人肯定会死守着旧秩序不放。
10.处于下层的人则一定会爆发出活力。
11.他们对新机会莫名地不感兴趣。
12.她们会接受能够给她们更多自由专心于事业的社会和性别规则。
13.有很多证据支持她的观点。
14.能够较好地调整离婚后的生活15.男人则固守男性原则，从而极大地限制了他们的视野和行动。
II. Task 2 Comprehension QuestionsIn this exercise, you are to ask five questions and then answer them in your own words (i.e., paraphrase) based on the original ideas from the text. Try to ask more questions of what, why, and how, which may help cultivate your critical thinking skills. Here are our sample questions.The first three questions are related to the passage ‘Women in Leadership’, while questions 4 and 5 are based on “Why Men Fail”. Here are our sample answers.1.What does Sheryl Sandburg’s truly equal world look like?2.Why are leadership positions so underrepresented by women according toSandburg?3.How can we achieve the goal of building a truly equal world according to Sheryl Sandburg?4.Why does David Brooks say men are lagging behind when they are dominating the top-rank jobs?5.How is social position related to people’s adaptability according to Hanna Rosin, the author of the new book The End of Men?III. Task 3 WritingIn this task, you’re to write a topic sentence which can best summarize the main idea of Paragraphs 2 to 4 adapted from “Why Men Fail”. Then choose three facts or figures as supporting details to illustrate your topic sentence and restate the main idea at the end of the paragraph. Use your own words when you are using the given materials.(Sample answers to the three tasks have been provided for you in the Video of Article Analysis.)。
第一单元完整版
Article with Chinese Guide and Exercises for Lecture One(完整版)What’s the Purpose of College: A Job or an Education?By Jeffrey J. SelingoFebruary 2, 2015The Washington Post1 As the price of college has skyrocketed and tens of thousands of recent graduates have found themselves on the unemployment line or stuck in jobs that don’t require a bachelor’s degree, higher education has come under attack for its failure to make students job-ready. Adding fuel to the debate is a series of what seem to be monthly surveys showing a wide gap between what employers want out of today’s college graduates and what schools are producing.2 It all begs the question: Is it solely a college’s responsibility to make students job-ready?3 College was once seen as a place where adolescents went to explore courses and majors before settling on a job and career, often well after graduating. In a recent piece in the Chronicle of Higher Education, Dan Berrett traced the history of when the purpose of college shifted from that 124 Since then, in both their attitudes and in their choice of majors, college students have increasingly seen a bachelor’s degree as a means to an end: a job. Freshmen now list getting a better job as the most important reason to go to college in an annual UCLA survey of first-year students. Previously, the top reason was learning about things that interest them.vocational areas such as education and communications or, more recently, sports management and computer-game design. The most popular undergraduate major is business.6 Students and their families, faced with big tuition bills, want to be sure to pick a major that leads to a job after graduation. Colleges worried about filling seats have accommodated them by rolling out3a bevy4of practical majors, some in fields that didn't even exist five years ago (think of a bachelor’s degree in Social Media, or perhaps even a master’s).1idyllic [ɪ'dɪlɪk] adj. 牧歌的; 田园诗的; 悠闲的2peg [peg] vt.钉住3rolling out延伸；涨开4bevy ['bevɪ] n. 一群8 Michael Roth —president of Wesleyan University, a prominent liberal-arts college in Connecticut — keeps a close eye on public opinion about this subject. He told me last week that he sometimes wonders how much of this disconnect between employers and higher education is a “manufactured moment.” In his view, employers always have been unhappy with newly minted5 college graduates. The difference now is that we just survey them more frequently.9 "The erosion of the middle class,” he said, “has put a lot more pressure on parents and students to make it big6in the world or the consequences are dire7.” When Roth graduated from college, his father, who didn’t go to college, wasn’t concerned if his son ended up driving a cab for a while to figure things out. Now coffee shop baristas8with a philosophy degree are subjects of mockery9.10 "The confid ence that the economy offers enough opportunities has eroded,” Roth said.12 But Roth is interested in making more fundamental changes to what happens in the classroom so that students better retain10what they learn on the spot, and most important, are able to translate that learning for potential employers. He wants more courses to be project-based, for example, so that students better learn to work in teams and apply their knowledge to real-world pr oblems as they’re learning.13 "It doesn’t matter what you take in college, it matters what you do,” Roth said. “You should be able to show your teachers, and then anyone else, how what you’ve made in a class, what you created, demonstrates your capacity to do other things and what you’re going to do next.”14 While he’s rethinking his own university, Roth said others are not without blame for the perceived disconnect between college and the workforce. Employers are less willing to take chances on graduat es without narrowly tailored majors. And while Roth’s father thought it was fine to drive a cab after college, parents these days — especially from more affluent families —have sometimes unreasonable expectations for what their children can do directly out of school.15 Roth told me the story of a Wesleyan graduate who recently landed a sales position and had the chance to offer jobs to his classmates. “They didn’t want a job like that, a sales job,” Roth said.5mint [mɪnt] vt.铸造，铸币6make it big 成功7dire ['daɪə] adj. 可怕的；悲惨的8barista [bə'rɪstə] n. 咖啡师；咖啡吧员9mockery ['mɒk(ə)rɪ] n. 嘲弄；笑柄10retain [rɪ'teɪn] vt.保持；雇；记住“That comes from a culture of entitlement11. They don’t believe they should work in the same way that students worked 30 years ago.”16 It seems everyone is nostalgic for an earlier era of higher education. But those were also the第一单元What is the Purpose of College? A Job or an Education?导读各位同学，大家好。
讲座记录本导师审查意见
讲座记录本导师审查意见English Response:1. Overall Impression:The lecture notebook is well-organized and provides a comprehensive overview of the lecture. The notes are clear and concise, and they capture the key points of the lecture effectively. The notebook also includes helpful diagrams and examples to illustrate the concepts discussed in the lecture.2. Strengths of the Notebook:Clear and concise notes.Comprehensive coverage of the lecture material.Well-organized structure.Inclusion of helpful diagrams and examples.Use of a variety of note-taking techniques.3. Areas for Improvement:Could include more detailed notes on some of the more complex topics.Could include more practice questions or exercises to test understanding.Could include a summary of the lecture at the end of the notebook.4. Overall Evaluation:The lecture notebook is a valuable resource for students who want to review the lecture material and prepare for exams. The notebook is well-organized and provides a comprehensive overview of the lecture. However, it could be improved by including more detailed notes onsome of the more complex topics and by including more practice questions or exercises to test understanding.Chinese Response:1. 总体印象：演讲笔记组织得当且全面概述了演讲内容。
英语组教研月活动总结(3篇)
第1篇Introduction:The Research and Teaching Month, held in [Month], [Year], was a significant event for the English Department at [Institution Name]. This month-long initiative aimed to enhance the academic and pedagogical skills of the faculty, foster a culture of research and innovation, and improve the overall quality of English language education at our institution. The following summary provides an overview of theactivities conducted, the outcomes achieved, and the reflections of the participants.I. Overview of Activities1. Opening Inaugural LectureThe month commenced with an opening inaugural lecture delivered by a renowned linguist, Dr. [Linguist's Name]. The lecture titled "The Future of English Language Education" provided valuable insights into emerging trends and challenges in the field.2. Workshops and SeminarsA series of workshops and seminars were conducted to cover various aspects of English language teaching and research. These included:a. "Innovative Teaching Strategies" – Focusing on the integration of technology in the classroom and flipped learning methods.b. "Assessment and Evaluation" – Discussing best practices in designing and implementing effective assessment tools.c. "Research Methodology" – Equipping faculty with the necessary skills to conduct research in English language education.d. "Cultural Competence in Language Teaching" – Emphasizing the importance of cultural awareness in teaching English as a second language.3. Research PresentationsSeveral faculty members presented their ongoing research projects during the month. These presentations provided an opportunity for peer feedback and collaboration, fostering a research-oriented environment.4. Guest LecturesRenowned experts in the field of English language education were invited to deliver guest lectures on cutting-edge topics. These lectures included discussions on global English, bilingual education, and language policy.5. Student Engagement ActivitiesTo involve students in the research and teaching month, variousactivities were organized, such as:a. English Language Debate Competitionb. Creative Writing Workshopsc. Book Reading ClubII. Outcomes Achieved1. Enhanced Pedagogical SkillsThe workshops and seminars conducted during the month significantly improved the pedagogical skills of the faculty. Participants reported increased confidence in integrating technology and innovative teaching methods into their classrooms.2. Strengthened Research CultureThe research presentations and guest lectures encouraged faculty members to engage in research activities. Several faculty members initiated new research projects, and ongoing projects were advanced through peer feedback and collaboration.3. Improved Student EngagementThe student engagement activities organized during the month were well-received by the students. These activities not only enhanced theirEnglish language skills but also fostered a love for reading andcritical thinking.4. Enhanced CollaborationThe Research and Teaching Month provided a platform for faculty members to collaborate and share their expertise. This collaboration led to the development of interdisciplinary courses and joint research projects.III. Reflections of Participants1. Dr. [Faculty Member's Name]"The Research and Teaching Month was an excellent opportunity to update our knowledge and skills. The workshops and seminars were highly informative, and the guest lectures provided us with new perspectives on English language education."2. Mr. [Faculty Member's Name]"The collaboration among faculty members during this month was invaluable. We were able to share our experiences and learn from each other, which will undoubtedly improve our teaching and research practices."3. [Student's Name]"The English Language Debate Competition was a great experience. It helped me improve my public speaking skills and learn about different perspectives on various topics."IV. ConclusionThe Research and Teaching Month was a resounding success for the English Department at [Institution Name]. The month-long initiative not only enhanced the academic and pedagogical skills of the faculty but also fostered a culture of research and innovation. The activities conducted during the month provided valuable insights into emerging trends in English language education and improved the overall quality of teaching and learning. As a department, we are committed to continuing thismomentum and organizing similar initiatives in the future to further enhance our academic and pedagogical practices.第2篇Introduction:The English Department successfully concluded the Research Month, a month-long event aimed at fostering a culture of research, innovation, and collaboration among faculty and students. This summary provides an overview of the activities conducted, the outcomes achieved, and the reflections of participants.I. Background and ObjectivesThe Research Month was initiated with the objective of promoting a research-oriented mindset within the English Department. The month-long activities were designed to:1. Encourage faculty and students to engage in research and scholarly activities.2. Enhance the knowledge and skills required for research.3. Facilitate the exchange of ideas and collaboration between faculty and students.4. Showcase the research capabilities and achievements of the department.II. Activities Conducted1. Research Workshops:The department organized a series of workshops to equip faculty and students with the necessary skills for research. These workshops covered topics such as literature review, data analysis, and research methodology. The workshops were conducted by experts in the field, and participants actively engaged in discussions and practical exercises.2. Research Seminars:Several research seminars were held, where faculty members and students presented their ongoing research projects. These seminars provided a platform for participants to share their findings, receive feedback, and establish collaborative opportunities. The seminars were well-attended, with participants from various disciplines and levels of expertise.3. Guest Lectures:Renowned scholars from other institutions were invited to deliver guest lectures on cutting-edge research topics. These lectures were not only informative but also inspired participants to explore new avenues of research. The guest lectures were followed by interactive Q&A sessions, which further enriched the learning experience.4. Research Poster Presentations:Students were encouraged to present their research findings in the form of posters. This activity allowed students to showcase their work and receive constructive feedback from their peers and faculty members. The poster presentations were evaluated based on originality, clarity, and presentation skills.5. Research Writing Workshops:To improve research writing skills, a series of workshops were conducted to guide students in crafting well-structured research papers. The workshops focused on the importance of clear writing, proper citation, and effective communication of research findings.III. Outcomes Achieved1. Increased Research Awareness:The Research Month activities significantly increased the awareness of research among faculty and students. Participants gained a better understanding of the importance of research in academic and professional settings.2. Skill Development:Participants acquired new skills in research methodology, data analysis, and research writing. These skills will be beneficial for their future academic and professional endeavors.3. Collaboration and Networking:The Research Month provided an excellent opportunity for faculty and students to collaborate and network with peers from different disciplines. This collaboration led to the establishment of new research projects and the exchange of ideas.4. Increased Research Output:As a direct outcome of the Research Month, several faculty members and students have initiated new research projects. Additionally, existing research projects have been accelerated, leading to an increase in research publications and presentations.IV. Reflections of Participants1. Faculty:The faculty members expressed their satisfaction with the Research Month activities. They appreciated the opportunity to collaborate with their colleagues and provide guidance to students. The workshops and seminars were particularly beneficial, as they allowed them to update their knowledge and skills.2. Students:Students were highly enthusiastic about the Research Month activities. They appreciated the opportunity to engage in research, receive feedback from experts, and learn from their peers. The poster presentations and workshops were particularly helpful in developing their research and writing skills.V. ConclusionThe English Department's Research Month was a resounding success, achieving its objectives of fostering a research-oriented culture. The activities conducted during the month provided valuable insights andskills to faculty and students, and the outcomes have been highly positive. The department looks forward to building upon this success and continuing to promote research and innovation in the future.第3篇Introduction:The English Department of [School Name] successfully concluded its Research and Development Month, a month-long event aimed at enhancing the academic and professional growth of its faculty and students. The activities were diverse, including workshops, seminars, guest lectures, and collaborative projects. This summary highlights the key events, achievements, and outcomes of the month-long initiative.I. Opening Ceremony and Welcome AddressThe Research and Development Month was officially launched with a grand opening ceremony. The ceremony was graced by the presence of [School Name]’s Principal, [Principal’s Name], and the Head of the English Department, [Head’s Name]. In t heir welcome addresses, they emphasized the importance of continuous learning and innovation in the field of English education.II. Workshops and Seminars1. "Effective Teaching Strategies for the 21st Century"This workshop, conducted by [Workshop Leader’s Name], focused on exploring innovative teaching methods that cater to the needs of modern students. Participants discussed various techniques, such as project-based learning, flipped classrooms, and technology integration in language teaching.2. "Language Assessment and Testing"The seminar, led by [Seminar Leader’s Name], provided insights into the latest trends in language assessment and testing. Participants engagedin discussions on standardized tests, formative and summativeassessments, and the challenges faced by teachers in evaluating student performance.3. "Cultural Competence in English Language Teaching"This interactive session, facilitated by [Session Leader’s Name], aimed to develop cultural awareness among teachers. Through case studies and group activities, participants learned about the importance of understanding cultural contexts in language teaching and learning.III. Guest Lectures1. "The Role of English in Globalization"Renowned linguist Dr. [Guest Speaker’s Name] delivered a captivating lecture on the role of English in the global context. He discussed the impact of English on international communication, business, and cultural exchange.2. "English Language Teaching in the Digital Age"Educational technologist Dr. [Guest Spea ker’s Name] shared her expertise on integrating technology into English language teaching. She showcased various online tools and platforms that can enhance the learning experience of students.IV. Collaborative Projects1. "English Language and Literature Festival"The department organized a week-long festival that included various activities such as poetry recitals, debates, and book readings. The festival aimed to promote the appreciation of English language and literature among students.2. "International Exchange Program"In collaboration with [Partner School’s Name], the department arranged an exchange program for its students. The program allowed students to interact with their counterparts from another country, fosteringcultural exchange and linguistic skills.V. Outcomes and Achievements1. Enhanced Professional DevelopmentThe Research and Development Month provided valuable opportunities for teachers to update their knowledge and skills in the field of English education. The workshops, seminars, and guest lectures helped them stay abreast of the latest trends and innovations.2. Improved Student Learning ExperienceThe activities organized during the month aimed to enrich the learning experience of students. The festival and exchange program allowed them to engage with the language and culture in a more immersive and interactive manner.3. Strengthened CollaborationThe Research and Development Month fostered a sense of collaboration among faculty, students, and external partners. The department was able to establish new connections and explore collaborative opportunities for future projects.VI. ConclusionThe Research and Development Month was a resounding success, thanks to the hard work and dedication of the English Department faculty and students. The event provided a platform for continuous learning, innovation, and collaboration, ultimately enhancing the quality of English education at [School Name]. The department looks forward to building upon the achievements of this month and organizing similar initiatives in the future to further promote academic excellence in English language and literature.。
库课专升本英语讲义
库课专升本英语讲义The problem of the "Ku Ke Specialized Undergraduate English Lecture Notes" lies in the lack of comprehensive and effective teaching materials for students preparing for the specialized undergraduate English exam. This problem affects the learning experience and outcomes of students who rely on these lecture notes to prepare for the exam. The requirements for a solution include the development of high-quality, comprehensive, and well-organized lecture notes that cover all the necessary topics and provide in-depth explanations and examples. Additionally, the solution should incorporate interactive and engaging learning materials to enhance the learning experience and improve the retention of knowledge.First and foremost, the development of the "Ku Ke Specialized Undergraduate English Lecture Notes" should focus on providing comprehensive coverage of all the topics and concepts that are essential for the specialized undergraduate English exam. This means including detailedexplanations, examples, and exercises for grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, writing skills, and listening comprehension. The lecture notes should also incorporate strategies and tips for exam preparation, as well as practice tests and mock exams to help students assess their progress and identify areas for improvement.In addition to comprehensive coverage, the "Ku Ke Specialized Undergraduate English Lecture Notes" should be well-organized and easy to navigate. This includes clear and logical structuring of the content, with a table of contents, index, and cross-referencing to help students quickly locate specific topics and information. The lecture notes should also be presented in a visually appealing format, with clear and legible text, relevant illustrations and diagrams, and interactive elements such as hyperlinks, pop-up definitions, and multimedia resources.Furthermore, the "Ku Ke Specialized Undergraduate English Lecture Notes" should incorporate interactive and engaging learning materials to enhance the learning experience and improve knowledge retention. This caninclude interactive exercises and quizzes, multimedia resources such as audio recordings and video tutorials, and collaborative learning activities that encourage students to interact with the material and with each other. By incorporating these interactive elements, the lecture notes can help students stay engaged and motivated, leading to a more effective and enjoyable learning experience.Moreover, the development of the "Ku Ke Specialized Undergraduate English Lecture Notes" should also take into account the diverse learning needs and preferences of students. This means providing multiple learning pathways and options, such as different levels of difficulty for exercises and practice tests, alternative explanations and examples for different learning styles, and customizable study plans that allow students to focus on theirindividual strengths and weaknesses. By catering to the diverse needs of students, the lecture notes can be more inclusive and accessible, leading to better learning outcomes for a wider range of students.Additionally, the "Ku Ke Specialized UndergraduateEnglish Lecture Notes" should be regularly updated and revised to reflect changes in the exam requirements, as well as to incorporate feedback and suggestions from students and educators. This continuous improvement process ensures that the lecture notes remain relevant, accurate, and effective in helping students prepare for the specialized undergraduate English exam. By staying up-to-date and responsive to the needs of students, the lecture notes can maintain their value as a reliable and trusted resource for exam preparation.In conclusion, the "Ku Ke Specialized Undergraduate English Lecture Notes" faces the problem of lacking comprehensive and effective teaching materials for students preparing for the specialized undergraduate English exam. The solution to this problem requires the development of high-quality, comprehensive, and well-organized lecture notes that cover all the necessary topics and provide in-depth explanations and examples. Additionally, the solution should incorporate interactive and engaging learning materials to enhance the learning experience and improve the retention of knowledge. By addressing theserequirements, the "Ku Ke Specialized Undergraduate English Lecture Notes" can better support students in their exam preparation and contribute to their academic success.。
exercises
Exercises forShort Course on Optimization,Game and Economics ModelsSHUFE,2014Lecturer:Professor Shuzhong Zhang1.Formulate and derive the Law of Snellius.2.Find the Fermat-Torricelli point by compass-and-straightedge construction.3.What is the PoA(Price of Anarchy)for the following‘prisoners’dilemma’discussed on page35of Lecture Notes#1?Two members of a criminal gang are arrested and imprisoned.Each prisoner is insolitary confinement with no means of speaking to or exchanging messages with theother.The police admit they don’t have enough evidence to convict the pair onthe principal charge.They plan to sentence both to a year in prison on a lessercharge.Simultaneously,the police offer each prisoner a Faustian bargain.Eachprisoner is given the opportunity either to betray the other,by testifying that theother committed the crime,or to cooperate with the other by remaining silent.Here’show it goes:•If A and B both betray the other,each will serve2years in prison.•If A betrays B but B remains silent,A will be set free and B will serve3yearsin prison(and vice versa).•If A and B both remain silent,both of them will only serve1year in prison(onthe lesser charge).pute the PoA(Price of Anarchy)for the following Wardrop transportation network:5.Consider the following spectrum management problem.Suppose that there are n frequency tones available for the use of communication.The background noises are assumed to be additive Gaussian,and the noise at tone i is σi >0,i =1,2,...,n .Suppose that the user wishes to find an allocation of his/her communication powers over the n frequency tones,and denote x i to be the power allocated to tone i ,i =1,2,...,n .According to the information theory,the informationrate on frequency tone i is ln 1+x i σi ,i =1,2,...,n.Therefore the total information rate is n i =1ln 1+x i σi .The problem of maximizing the total information rate is to find the optimalpower allocation x 1,x 2,...,x n for the following optimization problemmax f (x )=n i =1ln 1+x i σi s.t. n i =1x i ≤Px i ≥0,i =1,2,...,n,where σi ,i =1,2,...,n ,and P are the parameters of this model,and n is the dimension of the model.Apply the KKT condition to solve the above problem.6.Solve the following problem,which was considered by Kepler.Let S be a 3-dimensional unit sphere.Find the parallelepiped inside the sphere that has the maximum volume.7.The famous Nash bargaining theorem[J.Nash,“The Bargaining Problem”,Econometrica18(2),155-162,1950]can be explained as follows.Consider two players X and Y,who try toexchange their belongings so as to maximize their own utility values.Suppose that X has m items:item X i has value a i to X and b i to Y(i=1,2,...,m);Y has n items:item Y j has valuec j to X and d j to Y(j=1,2,...,n).The bargaining is about the set of probability distribution(p,q):0≤p i≤1,i=1,2,...,m;and0≤q j≤1,j=1,2,...,n.For an agreement(or solution) (p,q),the interpretation is:with probability p i,item X i will be given to Y,and with probability q j item Y j will be given to X,where i=1,2,...,m and j=1,2,...,n.The vectorz=mi=1p i−a ib i+nj=1q jc j−d jdepicts the expected payoffvalue of the bargaining result(p,q)for X and Y(with the respective (x,y)coordinate as the value).Let S be the set of all possible bargaining solutions,which forms a polytope.Nash proved that an axiomatically well-defined fair bargaining solution is an optimal solution to the problemmax(x−u)(y−v)s.t.(x,y)∈S,x≥u,y≥vwhere(u,v)are the values for the players X and Y if the bargaining reaches no agreement.•If S∩{(x,y)|x>u,y>v}=∅,then the bargaining solution has unique payoffvalues.•Suppose that Student X has a ski board with(a1,b1)=(1,4),and Student Y has a tennis bat with(c1,d1)=(4,2)and a dart board with(c2,d2)=(3,2).Suppose that (u,v)=(0,0).Use the KKT condition tofind Nash bargain solution for this situation.8.Suppose that Q is an n×n positive definite matrix.Let y∈R n befixed.Consider the followingproblem(P)max y T xs.t.x T Qx≤1.•Apply the KKT optimality condition to solve(P).•Prove the following inequality(x T y)2≤x T Qx·y T Q−1yfor any x,y∈R n.9.Prove Theorem1on page4of Lecture Notes#3:Suppose that u i(x i)is a strictly increasing function.Then,any p-equilibrium alloca-tion(p∈R m++)for the endowment(w1,w2,···,w n),where w i≥0for all i=1,...,n,is Pareto efficient.10.Suppose that u(x)is homogenous of degreeα>0;i.e.u(t·x)=tαu(x)for all t>0.Suppose that u is differentiable of any degree.•Prove:∇u(x)T x(=∇u(x)[x])=αu(x).•Compute x T∇2u(x)x(=∇2u(x)[x,x]).•Compute∇k u(x)[x,···,xk].11.On page40of Lecture Notes#2,we showed that for any convex quadratic program(Q)min f(x):=12x T Qx+q T xs.t.Ax=b,x≥0.If x∗is a KKT solution of(Q)satisfying thefirst and the second order optimality condition.Then,for any feasible x,f(x)−f(x∗)≥(x−x∗)T Q(x−x∗).Using the above relationship to prove Lemma1on page22of Lecture Notes#4.12.On page30of Lecture Notes#4,it was mentioned that the optimal solution forminλ1−µs.t.4(λ−14+14K)(µ+1K)≥(1+1K)2λ≥1,0≤µ≤1isλ=1,µ=K−13K+1,with the optimal value3K+12K+2.Prove this statement.。
授课有哪些环节英语作文
授课有哪些环节英语作文在授课中，有许多不同的环节可以帮助学生更好地理解和掌握知识。
以下是一些常见的授课环节：1. 导入环节 (Introduction):The introduction phase serves to engage students and introduce them to the topic or lesson. This can involve asking thought-provoking questions, sharing interesting facts, or presenting a relevant anecdote to capture students' attention and create interest in the topic.2. 讲解环节 (Lecture):During the lecture phase, the teacher delivers the main content of the lesson. This can include explaining key concepts, providing examples, and elaborating on important points. The goal is to provide students with a clear understanding of the topic through verbal explanation and demonstration.3. 示范环节 (Demonstration):Demonstrations are particularly useful in subjects like science or art, where showing how something is done can enhance understanding. For example, a science teacher might demonstrate a chemical reaction, while an art teacher might demonstrate a specific painting technique.4. 讨论环节 (Discussion):Discussion allows students to actively engage with the material and each other. This can involve asking open-ended questions, facilitating group discussions, or conducting debates. Through discussion, students can share their perspectives, ask questions, and deepen their understanding of the topic.5. 实践环节 (Practical Exercises):Practical exercises give students the opportunity to apply what they have learned in a hands-on way. This caninclude activities such as experiments, simulations, role-plays, or problem-solving tasks. By actively engaging with the material, students can reinforce their learning and develop practical skills.6. 小组活动 (Group Activities):Group activities promote collaboration and teamwork among students. This can involve assigning group projects, organizing group presentations, or facilitating group discussions. By working together, students can learn from each other, share ideas, and develop communication skills.7. 练习环节 (Practice):Practice activities provide students with opportunities to reinforce their learning through repetition and application. This can include exercises, worksheets, quizzes, or online practice modules. By practicing independently, students can solidify their understanding and identify areas where they may need additional support.8. 评估环节 (Assessment):Assessment is essential for evaluating students' understanding and progress. This can include quizzes, tests, essays, presentations, or projects. Assessment should be ongoing and varied to provide a comprehensive picture of students' learning outcomes.这些授课环节可以根据课程内容和学生的需求进行灵活组合和调整，以最大程度地促进学生的学习和发展。
专四听力之DICTATION
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polish
spot
....
字母o的读音
美音中/t/ 出现在两个元音之间且处于非重读位置的时候，发音近似/d/
letter
01
matter
02
city
03
better
04
pretty
05
waitor
06
winter
07
chapter
08
常见音变现象：弱音
1
弱音指元音的弱化，即一个单词中的元音在口语中，由于说话速度快或在句中处于次要位置而不发标准读音，变为弱化元音的现象。常见的弱音现象： 长原因弱化为短原因 he been 元音前的辅音省略或辅音前的元音弱读 his have 元音弱化成？ us for
英音和美音的几大区别
美音中除了Mrs.中的“r”不卷舌之外，只要含有“r”字母的单词均要卷舌。 spare burglar purpose chairman horse dirty ladder lecture weather
字母a的发音
ask can't dance fast half path chance advantage answer ....
（二）常见错误分析
由音变现象而导致的错误 正确：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in an hour than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 错误：More energy arrives at the earth's surface in a how than is consumed in the world in a whole year. 正确:It is up to the tour operator... 错误:Its up to the tour operator... 正确：Can you imagine how difficult life would become... 错误：Can you imagine how difficult life will become... 正确:Everywhere we turn, we find paper.. 错误:Everywhere we turn, we fine paper.
22年六月四级试卷
22年六月四级试卷一、写作（15%）题目：Suppose you are going to write a proposal to your school library for improving its service. You are to write about 120 - 180 words.要求：1. 说明图书馆服务的现状。
2. 提出改进的建议。
3. 表达期待。
二、听力理解（35%）Section A.Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).News Report 1.1. A) A new type of coffee was introduced.B) A coffee shop was opened.C) A coffee - growing competition was held.D) A new coffee - making method was discovered.2. A) It helps farmers increase their income.B) It improves the quality of coffee.C) It is more environment - friendly.D) It is easier for workers to operate.News Report 2.3. A) They are unable to pay back their loans.B) They have to sell their land.C) They are heavily in debt.D) They need to cut down production.4. A) The government will offer support.B) The bank will lower the interest rate.C) They will borrow money from friends.D) They will seek help from the local community. News Report 3.5. A) A natural disaster.B) A traffic accident.C) A terrorist attack.D) A fire accident.6. A) Provide medical assistance.B) Repair the damaged buildings.C) Evacuate the local residents.D) Investigate the cause of the accident.Section B.Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Conversation 1.7. A) She is a college student.B) She is a fashion designer.C) She is a salesperson.D) She is a model.8. A) Designing fashion items for several companies.B) Modeling for a world - famous brand.C) Working as an employee in a bank.D) Studying fashion design in a university.9. A) It is difficult to find.B) It is well - paid.C) It is challenging.D) It is interesting.10. A) Her parents' support.B) Her friend's advice.C) Her own hard work.D) Her teacher's help. Conversation 2.11. A) To go sightseeing.B) To visit his friends.C) To attend a meeting.D) To give a lecture.12. A) On Monday.B) On Tuesday.C) On Wednesday.D) On Thursday.13. A) By plane.B) By train.C) By car.D) By bus.14. A) The hotel service.B) The local food.C) The meeting schedule.D) The travel itinerary.Section C.Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Passage 1.15. A) It is a very old building.B) It is a very popular place.C) It is a very expensive restaurant.D) It is a very modern hotel.16. A) The beautiful view.B) The delicious food.C) The friendly staff.D) The convenient location.17. A) Book a table in advance.B) Dress formally.C) Bring their own wine.D) Arrive early.Passage 2.18. A) How to choose a good book.B) How to read a book effectively.C) The importance of reading books.D) The different types of books.19. A) By reading the introduction.B) By asking others for advice.C) By looking at the cover.D) By reading the first few pages.20. A) Make notes while reading.B) Read the book several times.C) Discuss the book with others.D) Write a review after reading.Passage 3.21. A) They are too busy to exercise.B) They don't like to exercise.C) They don't know how to exercise.D) They don't have enough money to exercise.22. A) Go to the gym regularly.B) Walk or run outdoors.C) Do some simple exercises at home.D) Take part in group sports.23. A) It can improve their physical health.B) It can relieve their stress.C) It can make them more confident.D) It can help them make more friends.三、阅读理解（35%）Section A.Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the word bank is identified by a letter. You may not use any of the words in the word bank more than once.Questions 24 - 33 are based on the following passage.The Internet has become an important part of our daily lives. It has_24_ the way we communicate, learn, and do business. However, it also brings some problems. One of the major problems is the spread of false information.False information can be spread _25_ on the Internet. Some people may post false news or rumors on social media platforms just to _26_ attention or cause trouble. This can mislead the public and even _27_ social stability.To solve this problem, the government and relevant departments should take measures. For example, they can strengthen the supervision of the Internet, _28_ laws and regulations to punish those who spread falseinformation. Social media platforms also have a _29_. They should improve their review mechanisms to prevent false information from being _30_.In addition, as Internet users, we should also be _31_. We should not believe and spread false information easily. We should learn to _32_ the authenticity of information and use our _33_ to judge.Word Bank:A) rapidly.B) attracted.C) role.D) changed.E) quickly.F) promote.G) ensure.H) responsible.I) distinguish.J) posted.K) common sense.Section B.Directions: In this section, you are going to read a passage with several statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which theinformation is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Questions 34 - 43 are based on the following passage.The Benefits of Gardening.A) Gardening is not only a pleasant pastime but also offers numerous physical and mental health benefits. For starters, gardening is a great form of exercise. It involves a variety of physical activities such as digging, weeding, and watering, which can help improve strength, flexibility, and endurance.B) When you garden, you are exposed to fresh air and sunlight. The fresh air is rich in oxygen, which is beneficial for your lungs. Sunlight is also essential as it helps your body produce vitamin D, which is important for strong bones and a healthy immune system.C) Gardening can also have a positive impact on your mental health. It is a great stress reliever. Spending time in the garden, surrounded by nature, can help you relax and forget about the daily stresses of life. It can also boost your mood and give you a sense of accomplishment when you see your plants grow and thrive.D) Another benefit of gardening is that it can improve your diet. If you grow your own fruits, vegetables, and herbs, you can ensure that you are consuming fresh, pesticide - free produce. This can lead to better health as these home - grown foods are often more nutritious than store - bought ones.E) Gardening is also a great way to connect with nature. It allows you to observe the changing seasons, the growth cycle of plants, and thewildlife that may visit your garden. This connection with nature can increase your awareness and appreciation of the natural world.F) In addition, gardening can be a social activity. You can share your gardening experiences with friends, family, or neighbors. You can even join a gardening club or participate in community gardening projects, which can help you make new friends and expand your social network.34. Gardening can help you make new friends.35. Gardening is beneficial for your bones.36. Gardening can make you feel relaxed.37. Gardening can provide you with fresh and healthy food.38. Gardening involves different physical activities.39. Gardening can increase your knowledge about nature.40. Gardening can improve your endurance.41. Gardening is a good way to get vitamin D.42. Gardening can give you a sense of achievement.43. Gardening can be shared with others.Section C.Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1.Questions 44 - 48 are based on the following passage.In recent years, the sharing economy has emerged as a new economic model. It has changed the way people consume and do business. The sharing economy is based on the idea of sharing under - utilized resources.One of the most well - known examples of the sharing economy is ride - sharing services like Uber and Lyft. These services allow people to share rides, which not only reduces traffic congestion but also saves money for both passengers and drivers. Another example is home - sharing platforms such as Airbnb. People can rent out their spare rooms or entire homes to travelers, which provides an alternative to traditional hotels.The sharing economy also has an impact on employment. It has created new job opportunities. For example, many people have become drivers or hosts in the sharing economy. However, it also brings some challenges. For example, there are issues regarding safety, regulation, and competition.44. What is the sharing economy based on?A) Buying new resources.B) Sharing over - utilized resources.C) Sharing under - utilized resources.D) Selling unused resources.45. Which of the following is an example of the sharing economy?A) Buying a new car.B) Renting a traditional hotel room.C) Using Uber or Lyft.D) Buying a house.46. What are the benefits of ride - sharing services?A) They only save money for passengers.B) They only reduce traffic congestion.C) They both save money and reduce traffic congestion.D) They neither save money nor reduce traffic congestion.47. How does the sharing economy affect employment?A) It has no impact on employment.B) It has reduced job opportunities.C) It has created new job opportunities.D) It has made jobs more difficult.48. What are the challenges of the sharing economy?A) Only safety issues.B) Only regulation issues.C) Only competition issues.D) Safety, regulation and competition issues.Passage 2.Questions 49 - 53 are based on the following passage.Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly changing our lives. It has been applied in various fields such as healthcare, education, and transportation.In healthcare, AI can be used to assist doctors in diagnosing diseases. For example, AI - powered systems can analyze medical images and provide accurate diagnosis suggestions.In education, AI can personalize learning for students. It can analyze students' learning habits and performance, and then provide customized learning plans. This can help students learn more effectively.In transportation, AI is used in self - driving cars. Self - driving cars can improve traffic safety and efficiency. However, the development of AI also brings some concerns. One of the main concerns is the impact on employment. As AI technology replaces some human jobs, many people may become unemployed. Another concern is the ethical issues. For example, who is responsible when an AI - powered system makes a wrong decision?49. Where has AI been applied?A) Only in healthcare.B) Only in education.C) Only in transportation.D) In healthcare, education and transportation.50. How can AI help doctors in healthcare?A) By treating diseases directly.B) By providing diagnosis suggestions.C) By performing surgeries.D) By prescribing medications.51. What can AI do in education?A) It can make all students learn at the same pace.B) It can provide the same learning plan for all students.C) It can personalize learning for students.D) It can replace teachers completely.52. What are the benefits of self - driving cars?A) They can only improve traffic safety.B) They can only improve traffic efficiency.C) They can improve both traffic safety and efficiency.D) They have no benefits.53. What are the concerns about the development of AI?A) Only the impact on employment.B) Only the ethical issues.C) The impact on employment and ethical issues.D) There are no concerns.四、翻译（15%）题目：中国的城市化（urbanization）将会充分释放潜在内需（domestic demand）。
Exercises for Agreement
Exercises for AgreementA. Multiple Choice1. Every man, woman, and child in this club _____ to realize the danger of smoking.A. comeB. comesC. have begunD. must2. Each pen and each paper _____ in the right place.A. putsB. can setC. have been fixedD. was found3. The wind, together with the rain and fog, _____ making sailing difficult.A. have beenB. wasC. XD. are4. Two of these cassettes _____ mine.A. isB. belong toC. areD. have5. That big tree with the strangely shaped leaves _____ to be dying.A. areB. seemsC. haveD. made6. A large _____ of money is spent on tobacco every year.A. accountB. amountC. numberD. quality7. Half of the furniture _____ made.A. areB. has beenC. haveD. has8. Half of the students _____ to attend the meeting held by the league.A. canB. is goingC. areD. have been9. Either of the two sides of the street _____ trees.A. have been plantedB. must plantC. is planted withD. will be permitted to plant10. Either he or I _____ to attend the mass meeting this evening?A. isB. amC. areD. be11. _____ either he or I to attend the mass meeting this evening?A. IsB. AmC. AreD. Be12. She as well as her brother _____ a League member.A. areB. wereC. willD. is13. His family _____ a big one. Now the family _____ watching TV.A. is; areB. are; isC. is; isD. are; are14. Not only the students but also their teacher _____ the meeting.A. are to attendB. is to attendC. are to beD. is to be15. More than 60% of the students _____ the countryside.A. isB. areC. is fromD. are from16. Many a man _____ the novel.A. has readB. have readC. is readD. are read17. Here _____ a pen, a few pencils and some paper for you.A. areB. isC. will beD. were18. Each of us _____ a computer.A. haveB. havingC. hasD. have got19. Neither Dick nor his parents _____ at the theatre yesterday evening.A. isB. areC. wasD. were20. The singer and dancer _____ to attend our evening.A. isB. areC. canD. must21. No news _____ good news.A. areB. isC. wereD. have been22. The number of the students in the class _____ big.A. isB. wereC. areD. have been23. Fifteen miles _____ like a long walk to me.A. seemB. areC. wereD. seems24. There _____ a pair of glasses on the desk.A. isB. hasC. areD. have25. Reading books _____ one wise.A. madeB. makeC. have madeD. makes26. Not only I but also Mary and John _____ interested in that play.A. amB. isC. beD. are27. Neither your parents nor my uncle _____ me.A. agree withB. agrees withC. agree toD. agrees to28. Either your parents or your grandfather _____ to attend the meeting tomorrow.A. isB. areC. are goingD. have29. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.A. were not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not been decidedD. have not been decided30. _____ about the moon _____ put into the computer.A. A great number of informations; wereB. A lot of information; wereC. Much information; wasD. A good many informations; was31. Seventy percent of the students here _____ from Hong Kong.A. isB. areC. comesD. has come32. _____ of the homework _____ today.A. Three-fours; has finishedB. Three-fourths; has been finishedC. Three-four; was finishedD. Three fourth; is finished33. Alice, together with two girls, _____ for having broken the rule.A. was punishedB. punishedC. were punishedD. being punished34. Peter as well as his friends _____ to music.A. like to listenB. likes to listenC. like to hearD. likes to hear35. Mary, along with her parents _____ to Paris.A. have movedB. has movedC. are movingD. have been moving36. The United States of America _____ one of the most developed countries in the world.A. isB. areC. wasD. were37. The whole class _____ the teacher attentively.A. are listening toB. is listening toC. are hearing toD. is hearing to38. Mathematics _____ a very important subject.A. areB. isC. wereD. was39. The number of pages in this dictionary _____ about two thousand.A. areB. hasC. haveD. is40. A number of new products _____ put on exhibition.A. has beenB. isC. have beenD. was41. Many a man _____ come to help you.A. haveB. hasC. isD. are42. More than one student _____ made the same mistake.A. haveB. hasC. isD. were43. Jane is one of the best students in her class who _____ by their teacher.A. are praisedB. is praisedC. praisedD. praising44. John is the only one of the staff members who _____ to be transferred.A. is goingB. are goingC. have been goingD. has been going45. Three days _____ a very short time to finish so much work.A. isB. areC. haveD. has46. In that country, the rich _____ richer and the poor poorer.A. isB. becomesC. has comeD. become47. The value of these paintings _____ beyond estimation.A. wereB. areC. isD. have been48. One or perhaps more pages _____.A. is missingB. are missingC. is missedD. are missed49. No teacher and no student _____ yet.A. comeB. has comeC. comesD. are come50. The father, rather than the brothers, _____ responsible for the accident.A. isB. areC. beD. have been51. His sister no less than you _____ wrong.A. isB. areC. beD. have been52. Anyone who _____ to come _____ welcome.A. want; isB. wants; areC. wanted; isD. wants; is53. There _____ some paper, a dictionary and two notebooks on the desk.A. isB. amC. areD. be54. “Your team _____ so well this afternoon!” Tom said.A. have playedB. isC. has playedD. play55. Those pictures I saw last week _____ beautiful.A. isB. wasC. beenD. are56. The girl as well as the other students _____ excited.A. wasB. wereC. beingD. be57. The _____ we saw yesterday come out to the farm once in a whileA. cowB. dogC. horseD. deer58. Large amounts of water _____ polluted since the factory was built last year.A. wasB. wereC. have beenD. has been59. He told us sadly that more than one person _____ in the case.A. involvedB. had involvedC. was involvedD. were involved60. Part of the family _____ out on holiday. They are supposed to be back at the end of this month.A. isB. areC. wasD. were61. Air pollution, together with littering, _____ many problems in our large industrial cities today.A. causesB. causeC. causedD. causing62. One-third of the country _____ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _____ black people.A. is; areB. is; isC. are; areD. are; is63. The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _____ saved for other purposes.A. isB. areC. wasD. were64. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who _____ evening dress.A. wearB. wearsC. has wornD. have worn65. -- Is everyone here? -- Not yet… Look, there _____ the rest of our guests!A. comeB. comesC. is comingD. are coming66. Listening to loud music at rock concerts _____ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.A. isB. areC. hasD. have67. Such poets as Shakespeare _____ widely read, of whose works, however, some _____ difficult tounderstand.A. are; areB. is; isC. are; isD. is; are68. It is reported that many a new house _____ at present in the disaster area.A. are being builtB. were being builtC. was being builtD. is being built69. Professor James will give us a lecture on the western culture, but when and where _____ yet.A. hasn’t been decidedB. haven’t decidedC. isn’t being decidedD. aren’t decided70. Don't miss the meeting. The questions to be discussed at it _____ of great importanceA. isB. areC. wasD. willB. Blank-filling1. Many a boy and girl __________ (have) already made such a funny experiment.2. The writer and translator __________ (be) delivering a speech in our school now.3. Tom, and not Jim, __________ (have) gone there.4. A needle and thread __________ (be) what he needs now.5. He or I __________ (be) to go.6. Mary, along with her sister, __________ (attend) the conference regularly.7. __________ (be) not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?8. He joins the football team who __________ (be) all famous footballers.9. A football team which __________ (keep) on training hard __________ (be) more likely to win.10. Where __________ (be) my glasses?11. This pair of glasses __________ (be) mine.12. Ten years __________ (be) a moment in history.13. A third of his composition __________ (have) been corrected.14. A third of his compositions __________ (have) been corrected.15. The present whereabouts of the rich businessman __________ (be) a mystery.16. A lot of money __________ (have) been spent on the project.17. I think every boy and every girl in this class __________ (be) working hard.18. It is you, not Tom, who __________ (be) to blame for what has happened.19. What they have done __________ (have) put us in an embarrassing situation.20. None of the guests __________ (have) arrived yet.21. Reading books __________ (be) my hobby.22. The old __________ (be) not to be regarded as a burden to the family.23. How much __________ (do) these jeans __________ (cost)?24. My friend and colleague __________ (have) been admitted to hospital.25. What I said and did __________ (be) of no concern to you.26. What I said and what I did __________ (be) of no concern to you.27. Improving the production process __________ (be) necessary.28. Every boy and every girl in my group __________ (like) singing English songs.29. Three-fifths of the money __________ (have) been used up.30. The number of people who__________ (own) cars __________ (be) increasing.31. More than one person __________ (be) interested in my report.32. Between the two buildings __________ (stand) a monument.33. I, who __________ (be) your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows.34. The aged __________ (be) taken good care of in this city.35. Three hours with your girlfriend __________ (seem) to be a short time.36. The people here __________ (like) eating raw fish.37. It was reported that six __________ (be) killed, including a child.38. Whether he’ll come or not __________ (be) not known.39. The pair of shoes __________ (have) been worn out.40. Ten hours __________ (be) a long time.41. When and where the meeting is to be held __________ (be) still under discussion.42. There are two roads, either of which __________ (lead) to the hotel.43. __________ (be) there any police over there?44. Chairman Mao’s works __________ (have) been published.45. She is one of the girls who __________ (have) been to Paris.46. The good in him __________ (be) greater than the bad.47. __________ (have) Kate or you seen the film?48. Fish and chips __________ (be) getting very expensive.49. Few of my family really __________ (understand) me.50. There __________ (come) the three noisy children from next door.。
新视角研究生英语读写2第一单元省公开课金奖全国赛课一等奖微课获奖PPT课件
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Unit 1: Structure of the text
Text Outline
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Unit 1: Reading comprehension
3. In paragraphs 5–7, what does the author use an imaginary class to show us?
Reference
The author uses an imaginary class to show us the inadequacy of the lecture system.
A true story told by Robert A. Fowkes about how a professor taught a class.
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Unit 1: Structure of the text
Text Outline
2. Body (Paras. 3–14)
3.
Disadvantages of lectures awnhdy_t_h_e_y_e_x_i_s_t____.
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Unit 1: Reading comprehension
7. In what way do most students learn best?
Reference
Most students learn best by engaging in frequent and even heated debate.
英语语言学知识要点1
Exercises for Lecture 1 Introduction2009年09月20日15:05I. <blank filling>1. By …scientific‟ is meant linguistics is based on the s ystematic investigation of linguistic data,conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure.2. In his study of a language a linguist usually tries to collect and observe language facts,make generalizations, formulate hypotheses, and fully prove the validity of these hypotheses.3. General linguistics deals with the study of language as a whole.4. General linguistics studies the basic concepts, theories, descriptions, models and methodsapplicable in any linguistic study, in contrast to those branches of study which relatelinguistics to the research of other areas.5. The difference between general linguistics and a linguistic branch such as semantics lies inthe fact that general linguistics studies language as a whole, whereas a linguistic branch such as semantics deals with the particular area. For instance, semantics studies the particularaspect of language, or meaning.6. Linguistics includes phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics,sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and applied linguistics and so on.7. There are different independent branches of linguistics because language is a complicatedentity with multiple layers and facets, so it is hardly possible for the linguists to deal with it all at once. They have to concentrate on one aspect of it at a time.8. Phonetics is the study of sounds used in linguistic communication.9. Phonology deals with how sounds are put together and used to convey meaning incommunication.10. Morphology is the study of the way in which linguistic symbols are arranged and combined to form words.11. Syntax is the study of the rules of the combination of words to form grammaticallypermissible sentences in languages.12. Semantics is the study of meaning.13. Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context of language use.14. Sociolinguistics is the study of the social aspects of language and its relation with society.15. Psycholinguistics is the study of the relation of language to psychology.16. Findings in linguistic studies can often be applied to the solution of such practical problemsas the recovery of speech ability. The study of such applications is generally known as applied linguistics. But in a narrow sense applied linguistics refers to the application of linguistic theories and principles to language teaching, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages.17. Descriptive linguistics is a linguistic study which aims to describe and analyze the languagepeople actually use.18. Prescriptive linguistics is a linguistic study which aims to lay down rul es for “correct andstandard” behavior in using language, i.e. to tell people what they should say and what they should not say.19. Modern linguistics is mainly descriptive.20. The aim of prescriptive linguistics is to lay down rules for “c orrect and standard” behavior inusing language, or to set models for language users to follow.21. The task of modern linguistic is to describe the language people actually use, whether it is“c orrect” or not.22. The difference between prescriptive and descriptive linguistics is that prescriptive linguistics is to lay down rules for language users, whereas descriptive linguistics is to describe the language phenomena as they are. Therefore, the former is subjective, while the latter is objective and more scientific.23. Modern linguistics is supposed to be objective, because it aims to describe language as it is.24. Synchronic linguistics is the description of a language at some point of time in history.25. Diachronic linguistics is the description of a language as it changes through time. It is alsotermed historical linguistics.26. The difference between synchronic and diachronic linguistics is that the former deals withlanguage at some point of time in history, while the latter over a period of time.27. Modern linguistics favors synchronic approach because it is less difficult and concerned withthe current existence of language.28. The two major media of linguistic communication are speech and writing.29. Modern linguistics regards as primary speech, or the spoken language.30. F. de Saussure is regarded as the founder of modern linguistics.31. Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speechcommunity. It is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to abide by.32. Parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. It is the concrete use of theconventions and the application of the rules, or the naturally occurring language events.33. Langue is the abstract linguistic system whereas parole is concrete and is the realization oflangue in actual use. Langue is relatively stable, while parole varies from person to person and from situation to situation.34. According to Chomsky, competence is the ideal user‟s knowl edge of the rules of hislanguage.35. According to Chomsky, performance is the actual realization of the ideal user‟s knowledgeof the rules of his language in linguistic communication.36. N. Chomsky proposed the distinction between competence and performance.37. Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, who is famous for his syntactic studies all over theworld, and who focuses on the ideal user‟s knowledge of the rules of his language.38. Saussure‟s langue and parole and Chomsky‟s competence and p erformance differ in that theformer takes a sociological view of language, whereas the latter a psychological perspective.39. The difference between traditional grammar and modern linguistics is that traditionalgrammar is prescriptive while modern linguistics is descriptive, that traditional grammartended to emphasize the importance of writing while modern linguistics gives priority tospeech, and that traditional grammar forced languages into a Latin-based framework while modern linguistics does not.40. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.41. According to Sapir, language is a purely human and non-instinctive method ofcommunicating ideas, emotions and desires by means of voluntarily produced symbols.42. According to Hall, language is …the institution whereby humans communicate and i nteractwith each other by means of habitually used oral-auditory symbols.‟43. According to Chomsky, language is …a set (finite or infinite) of s entences, each finite inl ength and constructed out of a finite set of elements.‟44. Design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it fromany animal system of communication.45. Productivity refers to the fact that language makes possible the construction andinterpretation of new signals by its users, which is why they can produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences, including sentences they have never heard before. This feature is unique to human language.46. Displacement is the property that language can be used to refer to things which are present or not present, real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future, or in far-away places. This feature provides speakers with an opportunity to talk about a wide range of things, free from barriers caused by separation in time and place.47. Double articulation refers to the duality of structure, the fact that language is a system, whichconsists of two sets of structures, or two levels. At the lower or the basic level there is astructure of sounds, which are meaningless by themselves. But the sounds of language can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meaning, which are found at the higher level of the system.II. <true or false>Identify whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F).1. Linguistics is the systematic study of language.True.2. Linguistics deals with a particular language.False.Linguistics studies not any particular language, e.g. English, Chinese, Russian, Arabic, and Latin, but it studies languages in general.3. Linguistics is scientific because it is helpful to language use.False.Linguistics is scientific because it is based on the systematic investigation of linguistic data, conducted with reference to some general theory of language structure.4. The task of a linguist is to discover the nature and rules of the underlying language system.True.5. Linguistics is generally divided into general and specific linguistics.False.We have general linguistics and applied linguistics. We do not have specific linguistics.6. General linguistics deals with the general aspects of language application.False.General linguistics deals with language as a whole, not with language application in particular.7. General linguistics does not study theories of language.False.General linguistics does study theories of language.8. Phonetics studies human sound patterning and the meaning of sounds in communication.False.Phonetics studies the way human sounds are produced.9. Phonology studies how a sound is produced.False.Phonology studies human sound patterning and the meaning of sounds in communication.10. Morphology is the study of sentences.False.Morphology is the study of the rules of word formation.11. Syntax is the study of the rules of words.False.Syntax is the study of the rules of the combination of words to form grammatically permissible sentences in languages.12. Semantics is the study of word meaning.False.Semantics is the study of meaning.13. Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context of language use.14. Sociolinguistics deals with the relation between language and society.True.15. Psycholinguistics deals with the relation of language to psychology.True.16. Applied linguistics means the language application to specific areas.False.It means the application of findings in linguistic studies to the solution of such practical problems as the recovery of speech ability, or, in a narrow sense, the application of linguistic theories and principles to language teaching, especially the teaching of foreign and second languages.17. Modern linguistics aims at prescribing models for language users to follow.False.Modern linguistics aims at describing language as it is.18. Synchronic linguistics deals with a series of language phenomena at the same time.False.It deals with language phenomena over a period of time.19. Diachronic linguistics is also called historical linguistics.True.20. Langue means competence.False.They are similar, but differ in that the former is related to sociology and is a matter of social conventions, while the latter is concerned with psychology and is a property of the mind of each individual.21. Parole is a French word; it means the concrete language events.True.22. F. de Saussure was a Swiss linguist.23. N. Chomsky is an American linguist.True.24. According to Chomsky, the internalization of a set of rules about his language enables a speaker to produce and understand an infinitely large number of sentences and recognize sentences that are ungrammatical and ambiguous.True.25. Chomsky regards competence as an act of doing things with a sentence.False.He regards it as an internalized set of rules of the learner‟s language.26. Performance is the focus of Chomsky‟s linguistic study.False.Competence, instead.27. Details of language system are genetically transmitted.False.They are not transmitted, but have to be taught and learned instead.28. Displacement of language means language use in a far-away place.False.Displacement of language means language use not subject to time and place.29. Arbitrariness of language means language can be used freely.False.Arbitrariness means language is arbitrary by nature, i.e. there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds. But language is not entirely arbitrary; certain words are motivated, which make up only a small percentage of the vocabulary of a language, though.30. Duality of language means language is a two-level system.True.。
译林版高中英语必修第二册课后习题 Unit 3 第3单元测评卷
第三单元测评第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where is probably Sue now?A.At home.B.At Bill’s home.C.At the office.2.What does the woman want to do?A.Quit smoking.B.Change a seat.C.Buy a cake.3.What did the man do last weekend?A.He took a trip.B.He watched a game.C.He played basketball.4.What does the man need now?A.Ice cream.k.C.Water.5.Where does the woman want to go?A.The bus station.B.The train station.C.The police station.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6.What does Jack have to do at 10:00 am?A.Attend a lecture.B.Catch a bus.C.Repair his bike.7.How does the boy usually go to school?A.By bus.B.By bike.C.By car.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。
英语语言学重点
Key to Exercises for Lecture 2 PhonologyI. <blank filling>1.Phonetics is the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the soundsthat occur in the world’s languages.2.Phonetics look at speech sounds from three distinct but related perspectives: the speaker, thehearer, and the way sound travel. This gives rise to three branches of phonetics: articulatory phonetics; auditory phonetics; acoustic phonetics.3.Articulatory phonetics is a study of sounds from the speaker’s point of view, i.e., how aspeaker uses his speech organs to articulate the sounds.4.Auditory phonetics is a study of sounds from the hearer’s point of view, i.e., how the soundsare perceived by the hearer.5.Acoustic phonetics is a study of how sounds travel by looking at the sound waves, thephysical means by which sounds are transmitted through the air from one person to another. 6.Spectrographs are machines used by acoustic phoneticians to record human sound waves forthe description of the physical properties of the stream of human sounds.7.T he man’s articulatory apparatus is contained in the pharyngeal cavity (the throat), the oralcavity (the mouth), and the nasal cavity (the nose).8.The ‘pharyngeal’ means the throat.9.B y ‘oral cavity’ is meant the mouth.10.The nose is the si mple term for ‘the nasal cavity’?11.T he word ‘language’ derive from t he Latin word ‘l ingua’.12.The original meaning of ‘language’ is t he ‘t ongue’.13.‘V oicing’ is the v ibration of the vocal cords, a feature of all vowels and some consonants inEnglish.14.‘Voiceless’ is a feature of sounds without vibration, or when the vocal cords are drawn wideapart, letting air go though without causing vibration.15.The sound [k] or [g] is produced when obstruction is created between the back of the tongueand the velar area.16.The sounds [t] and [d] are pronounced when obstruction is created between the tip of thetongue and the alveolar ridge.17.T he sounds [θ] and [ð] are produced when p artial obstruction is created between the upperfront teeth and the tip of the tongue.18.The sounds [ f ] and [ v ] are produced when obstruction is created between the upper teethand the lower tip.19.The sounds [ p ] and [ b ] pronounced are produced when partial obstruction is createdbetween the lips.20.The nasal consonants in English are [m], [n] and [ ].21.The International Phonetic Alphabet came into being towards the end of the nineteenthcentury.22.The basic principle of IPA is to use one letter selected from major European languages torepresent one speech sound.23.Diacritics are a set of letter-symbols the IPA gives its users to bring out the finer distinctionsthan the letters alone may possibly do.24.Broad transcription is the transcription with letter-symbols only.25.Narrow transcription is the transcription with diacritics. For instance, the sound [l] istranscribed as dark or clear sound in different contexts.26.Broad transcription is used in dictionaries.27.Vowels and consonants are the two broad categories of the speech sounds in English.28.The essential difference between vowels and consonants is that in the production of the former,the air stream coming from the lungs meets with no obstruction whatsoever, whereas in the production of the latter, it is obstructed in one way or another.29.Consonants are usually classified in two ways: in terms of manner of articulation and in termsof place of articulation.30.Consonants can be grouped into stops, fricatives, affricates, liquids, nasals, glides in terms ofmanner of articulation.31.Consonants can be grouped into bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, palatal, velar, glottal interms of place of articulation.32.Liquids in English are one type of consonants, or [ l ] and [ r ], produced when the airflow isobstructed but allowed to escape through the passage between part or parts of the tongue (the tip or the sides) and the roof of the mouths.33.Glides in English are one type of consonants, sometimes called ‘s emivowels’, or [w] and [j],produced with a narrow passage between the lips or between the tongue and the hard palate to cause some slight noise from the local obstruction.34.V owels are usually classified in terms of the position of the tongue in the mouth, the opennessof the mouth, the shape of the lips, and the length of the vowels.35.Vowels can be grouped into front, central, back vowels in terms of the position of the tonguein the mouth.36.Vowels can be grouped into close, semi-close, semi-open, open vowels in terms of theopenness of the mouth.37.Vowels can be grouped into rounded and unrounded vowels in terms of the shape of the lips.38.Vowels can be grouped into short and long in terms of length.39.Phonology and phonetics are similar in that both are concerned with the same aspect oflanguage, the speech sounds.40.Phonology and phonetics differ in their approach and focus. Phonology deals with how speechsounds in a language form patterns and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication. Phonetics, however, is interested in all human speech sounds and deals with how they are produced, how they differ from each other, what phonetic features they possess, how they can be classified, and so on. Hence, phonetics is general, whereas phonology tends to be more specific and related to the meaningful use of the sounds.41.A phone is a phonetic unit or segment. All speech sounds we hear and produce in linguisticcommunication are phones.42.A phoneme is a phonological unit of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit; it is not anyparticular sound, but rather it is represented or realized by a certain phone in a certain phonetic context. For example, /p/ is a phoneme in the English sound system, which is realized as aspirated (as in ‘peak’) or unaspirated (as in ‘speak’) in different contexts.43.Allophones are all the different phones that can represent a phoneme in different phoneticcontexts.44.A phonemic contrast is fo rmed when two distinctive phonemes (as in ‘pet’ and ‘bet’) arerelated to each other.plementary distribution arises when allophones of a phoneme are related to each other inthat they do not distinguish meaning, but complement each other in distribution.46.A minimal pair is such a pair of different forms as identical in every way except for one soundsegment which occurs in the same place in the strings (as ‘pill’ and ‘till’).47.The sequential rules are the rules that govern the combination of sounds in a particularlanguage.48.If there are three consonants at the initial of an English word, they should be combinedaccording to the rules as follows:(1) The first phoneme must be / s /;(2) The second phoneme must be / p / or / t / or / k /;(3) The third phoneme must be / l / or / r / or / w /.49.The assimilation rule is a rule that assimilates one sound to another by ‘c opying’ a feature of asequential phoneme, thus making the two phones similar (as in ‘impossible’).50.The deletion rule is a phonological rule that tells us when a sound is to be deleted although itis orthographically represented. For example, [g] deletion occurs before a final nasal consonant, as in ‘signature’.51.The suprasegmental features include stress, tone and intonation, which are above the level ofthe segments.52.There are generally two kinds of stress: word stress, sentence stress.53.Tones are pitch variations, which are caused by the differing rates of vibration of the vocalcords, and which can distinguish meaning like phonemes, as in ‘ma’.54.Intonation is the collective expression of meaning when pitch, stress and sound length are tiedto the sentence rather than the word in isolation.55.The difference between tone and intonation is that while the former is pitch variation that candistinguish meaning, the latter is the combination of pitch, stress and sound length in the sentence to realize meaning.56.Nucleus refers to the major pitch change in an intonation unit. Within one intonation unit, thenucleus normally falls on the last stressed syllable.II. <true or false>1. Writing is more basic than speech.False.Speech is more basic than writing.2. There have been some 2,500 languages in the world.False.There have been over 5,000 languages in the world.3. About two thirds of languages in the world have not had written form.True.4. Linguists are interested in all sounds.False.Linguists are only interested in sounds produced by humans through their speech organs and have a role to play in linguistic communication.5. The limited range of sounds that are meaningful in human communication constitute the phonic medium of language.True.6. Phonetic similarity, not phonetic identity, is the criterion with which we operate in the phonological analysis of languages.True.7. The greatest source of modification of the air stream is found in the oral cavity.True.8. The narrowing of space between the hard palate and the front of the tongue results in the sound [j].True.9. [k], [g] and [n] are velar sounds.False.The first two are velar sounds, while the last one is alveolar.10. [i] is a semi-close vowel.False.It is a close vowel.11. [h] is the glottal sound.True.12. [ei] is a monophthong.False.It is a diphthong.13. Phonology is of a general nature.False.Phonology is concerned with the functions of sounds in linguistic communication and is not of a general nature.14. Phonetics deals with speech sounds in all human languages.True.15. A phone does not necessarily distinguish meaning.True.16. A phoneme is a phonetic unit.False.It is a phonological unit.17. ‘Tsled’ is a possible word in English.False.18. English is a tone language.False.English is NOT a tone language.III. <explanation>Explain the following:1. the two kinds of transcription in the following words: leaf; pitLeaf. Its broad transcription is [li:f], where each of the three letter-symbols [l], [i:] and [f] represents a sound respectively. Its narrow transcription is still [li:f], but its clear [l] is different from the dark [ł] as in ‘feel’ ([fi:ł]).Pit. Its broad transcription is [pit], where each of the three letter-symbols [p], [i] and [t] represents a sound respectively. Its narrow transcription is [phit].2. the possible different reading of the sentence ‘That’s not the book he wants.’A. 'That’s 'not the 'book he ‘ wants. (falling tone: fact)B. 'That’s 'not the 'book he ‚ wants. (rising tone: question)C. ‘ That’s 'not the 'book he ‚ wants. (fall-rise tone: implying ‘some other book’)3. the possible advantages in the use of the Chinese language instead of English.One is that we can use one sound to realize a number of meaning. Another is that very often Chinese characters can remind people of the images of the relevant objects of the world. Still another is that the Chinese language has a rich handwriting culture, which may help distinguish one person from another, and so on.。
作文讲评课 英语
作文讲评课英语Lecture Review: English Composition Class。
In today's English composition class, we had the opportunity to participate in a lecture on essay writing and critique. The lecture was engaging and informative, providing us with valuable insights and techniques to improve our writing skills. In this review, I will summarize the main points discussed during the lecture and share my personal thoughts on its effectiveness.The lecture began with an introduction to the importance of essay writing and the key elements of a well-structured composition. The speaker emphasized the significance of a strong thesis statement, clear topic sentences, and smooth transitions between paragraphs. This foundation is essential for conveying ideas effectively and maintaining coherence throughout the essay.Next, the lecture delved into the process of brainstorming and organizing ideas. We learned various strategies, such as mind mapping and outlining, to generate and arrange our thoughts logically. This stage is crucial as it allows us to develop a coherent structure and ensure that our arguments flow smoothly.The lecturer then discussed the significance of evidence and examples in supporting our claims. We were encouraged to use a combination of personal experiences, research findings, and expert opinions to strengthen our arguments. By incorporating relevant and compelling evidence, we can make our essays more persuasive and convincing.Furthermore, the lecture emphasized the importance of clarity and conciseness in writing. We were advised to use precise language, avoid unnecessary jargon, and eliminate redundant phrases. By doing so, we can communicate our ideas effectively and engage our readers more efficiently.Additionally, the lecture touched upon the importance of revising and editing our essays. We learned about the significance of proofreading for grammar, punctuation, andspelling errors. The lecturer also highlighted the value of seeking feedback from peers or instructors to gain different perspectives and improve our writing further.Throughout the lecture, the speaker provided numerous examples and practical exercises to reinforce the concepts discussed. This interactive approach allowed us to apply the knowledge immediately and enhanced our understanding of the material. The lecturer's enthusiasm and expertise in the subject matter made the session engaging and enjoyable.In terms of effectiveness, I found the lecture to be highly beneficial. The content was well-organized, and the speaker's delivery was clear and concise. The incorporation of real-life examples and interactive exercises kept us engaged and helped us grasp the concepts more effectively. Moreover, the lecture provided us with practical strategies that can be applied to our future writing endeavors.One suggestion for improvement would be to allocate more time for individual practice and peer collaboration. Although the lecture included interactive exercises, dedicating additional time for hands-on application and group discussions would further enhance our learning experience.In conclusion, the English composition class lecture on essay writing and critique was a valuable learning opportunity. The lecture covered essential aspects of essay writing, including brainstorming, organizing ideas, supporting arguments with evidence, and revising for clarity. The interactive nature of the lecture, combined with the instructor's expertise, made it an engaging and informative session. I believe that the knowledge gained from this lecture will undoubtedly contribute to our growth as proficient writers.。
高中英语阅读理解_100篇
阅读理解解题技巧阅读理解题是考查学生对活的语言材料的理解能力，即通过阅读材料获得信息的能力。
具体说来，阅读理解能力测试的主要要求是：（1）掌握所读材料的主旨大意，以及用以说明主旨大意的事实和细节；（2）既理解具体事实，也理解抽象的概念；（3）既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义，包括作者的态度、意图等；（4）既理解某句、某段的意义，也理解全篇的逻辑关系，并能根据文章进行推理和判断；（5）既能根据材料所提供的信息去理解，也能结合中学生应有的常识去理解。
根据这几项能力测试的要求，试题中常采用如下几种题型：事实询问题、推理判断题、数据推算题、识图解意题和主旨大意题。
根据这一测试要求和题型设计，答题时可以采取如下解题技巧和对策。
1．首先解题时要充满自信。
由于平时有些同学对做阅读理解时存在一种畏惧心理，因此考试做题时心理就难免会产生紧张感，特别是阅读时再遇到几个生词就头脑发胀，从而使自己的思路更加模糊不清。
其实这是完全没有必要的，因为阅读中遇到几个生词或几个难以理解的句子是常有的事，也是正常现象。
因为按大纲要求，试卷中允许有不超过3%的生词，只要认真分析，仔细阅读，这些生词和句子很可能并不影响你的解题。
所以答题之前首先要有必胜的信心。
2．扫读全文，理解全文主旨大意。
拿到一篇文章，首先要快速扫读全文，虽为扫读，但不可漫不经心，阅读时也应聚精会神，力求可能多地获取材料信息，只是这次遇到生词和难句先不必去处理，不要因纠缠文中的个别生词和难句而影响了对全文的主旨大意的了解。
3．对症下药，各个击破。
了解全文的大概意思之后，再把短文的问题简单看一遍，弄懂题意，然后带着问题再去寻读全文。
这次阅读过程中要善于抓文章中的关键词句。
寻读也就是迅速的查找需要了解的信息，是为某些特定的问题而阅读，因此阅读时要有较强的针对性，对与问题有关的数据，词句等仔细阅读，认真理解，同时结合不同考查内容的题型，采取如下解题对策：（1）事实询问题：这类试题通常是以疑问词what，who，when，where，why，how等引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。
英语作文讲座报道范文大全
英语作文讲座报道范文大全Title: Comprehensive Collection of Sample English Lecture Report Essays。
Introduction:English lecture reports are crucial for students to comprehend various topics and improve their writing skills. Here, we present a comprehensive collection of sample English lecture report essays covering a wide range of subjects. These essays aim to inspire students and provide them with examples to follow in their own writing endeavors.Sample Essay 1: The Importance of Environmental Conservation。
The recent lecture on environmental conservation highlighted the critical need for sustainable practices to preserve our planet. The speaker emphasized the detrimental effects of climate change and urged individuals to takeaction. Through various case studies and statistics, the lecture effectively conveyed the urgency of the situation. It underscored the significance of reducing carbon emissions, conserving natural resources, and protecting biodiversity. Overall, the lecture served as a wake-up call for everyone to prioritize environmental stewardship.Sample Essay 2: Exploring Cultural Diversity Through Literature。
高考英语综合题型训练22-教师用
Alex彭 Professional English Training For Internal Use Only 高考英语资料之高考综合题型集训班练习二十⼆-教师用Intensive Exercises For Senior High School English—Twenty-secondBy Alex 彭Part one: Warming up.lecture track sound shoulder embarrassfoldlieshapeoccurdeliversitpurposemoveappearmatterposition语法补充1——作⽂⾼级词汇推荐：deafening adj. applause n.① deafening noise: ② deafening applause:语法补充2—作⽂万能句型推荐：As the proverb says,翻译：俗语说得好，⼀分耕耘⼀分收获。
Part two: Put what you have learnt into use.Chapter one: Blank fillingThere are times when people are so tired that they fall asleep almost anywhere. We can see there is a lot of sleeping on thebus or train on the __21____ home from work in the evenings. A man will be__22____ the newspaper, and seconds later it__23___ as if he is trying to ___24__it. Or he will fall asleep on the shoulder of the stranger___25__ next to him.___26___ place where unplanned short sleep __27__ is in the lecture hall where a student will start snoring（打鼾）so ___28____that the professor has to ask another student to___29___ the sleeper awake. A more embarrassing situation occurs when a student starts falling into sleep and the ___30___ of the head pushes the arm off the___31___, and the movement carriesthe__32___ of the body along. The student wakes up on the floor with no___33___ of getting there. The worst time to fall asleep is when __34___ . Police reports are full of ___35___ that occur when people fall into sleep and go__36_____ the road. If the drivers are ___37____ , they are not seriously hurt. One woman's car, ___38____ , went into the river. She wokeup in four feet of __39____ and thought it was raining. When people are really ___40_____，nothing will stop them from falling asleep-----no matter where they are.21. A. way B. track C. path D. road22. A. buying B. folding C. delivering D. reading23. A. acts B. shows C. appears D. sounds24. A. open B. eat C. find D. finish25. A. lying B. waiting C. talking D. sitting26. A. Next B. Every C. Another D. OneAlex彭 Professional English Training For Internal Use Only 27. A. goes on B. ends up C. lasts D. returns28. A. bravely B. happily C. loudly D. carelessly29. A. leave B. shake C. keep D. watch30. A. size B. shape C. weight D. strength31. A. cushion B. desk C. shoulder D. book32. A. action B. position C. rest D. side33. A. memory B. reason C. question D. purpose34. A. thinking B. working C. walking D. driving35. A. changes B. events C. ideas D. accidents36. A. up B. off C. along D. down37. A. lucky B. awake C. calm D. strong38. A. in time B. at first C. as usual D. for example39. A. dust B. water C. grass D. bush40. A. tired B. drunk C. lonely D. lazyPossible answers: 21----25ADCBD 26---30 CACBC 31----35BCADD 36---40BADBAChapter two: Grammar useOne day, Pierre,__1__worked in a government office, received an__2__(invite) to a palace ball. His wife, Mathilde, hadno money__3__ jewelry, so she borrowed a beautiful necklace __4__her friend, Jeanne. She looked very beautiful__5__they had a wonderful time that evening. But after the ball, she found the necklace__6__(miss). They had to borrow a lot of money to buy a new__7__for Jeanne. In order to pay back the money, they worked day and night for 10 years. Mathilde became very old, so Jeanne didn't recognize her__8__they met in a park 10 years later. From this story, we know a person shouldn't __9__(affect) by vanity(虚荣⼼), __9__it will cost him a lot.Possible answers: 1. who 2. invitation 3. for 4. from 5. and6. missing7. one8. when9. be affected 10. or/otherwiseChapter three: Mistakes correctingDear Diana,Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bringhad ofAnne’s friend, Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There hadUnfortunatelybeen a terrible accident on through highway and, for a result, there was a long line ofastraffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to the service station and waited theremilesunless the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as ∧ caruntil/till there adrove out too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents’Weand made our own way to home.去掉。
昌吉州回民中学人教版初中英语八年级上册Starter Unit 2经典习题(培优专题)
考试范围：xxx；满分：***分；考试时间：100分钟；命题人：xxx 学校：__________ 姓名：__________ 班级：__________ 考号：__________一、选择题1．You can buy everything ________ the Internet，and it's very easy.A．into B．for C．at D．on2．Reading aloud is the best way English.A．to learn B．learning C．to learning D．learns 3．homework, most students do it every day.A．With B．For C．As D．As for4．Grandpa is good in health because he every day.A．exercises B．drinks milksC．play sports D．go for a walk5．Although I know him, I hardly talk to him.A．/ B．and C．but D．so6．She was half an hour later for class this morning because there was _____ with her bike. A．something wrong B．wrong somethingC．anything wrong D．wrong anything7．—Do you often exercise, Jack?—No, . I don’t like sports at all.A．often B．usually C．never D．always8．I’m new here , so I have ________ friends here.A．few B．a few C．little D．a little 9．—Which should we start with, Water World or Space World?—Either is OK, it makes no to me.A．mistake B．promise C．difference10．— There used to be lots of fish in the lake.— Yes, but there are very __________ now.A．few B．fewer C．little D．less11．–Your spoken English is much better.--Thank you. My teacher often asks us ________ English as ________ as possible.A．to speak; many B．not to speak; much C．to speak; much D．not to speak; more 12．I left my keys in the room yesterday. I had to get ______the window.A．in B．through C．over D．across13．Tom's Chinese is poor. He wants me ________ him ________ his Chinese.A．to help；with B．help；to study C．helping；with D．to help；studying 14．Mr. Li asks the students in the river, because it’s too dangerous.A．swim B．to swim C．not to swim D．to not swim15．—When do you go shopping?—I usually go shopping ______ Sunday mornings.A．on B．in C．at D．for 16．—We can go to Chongqing Railway Station by bus.—Why not________a subway there for a change(改变)？A．try taking B．trying to take C．to try taking D．to try to take 17．The boy can speak both English and Japanese________he is only ten.A．if B．because C．though D．as18．I didn’t want to stay________, so I moved to Yunnan.A．somewhere hot B．hot somewhere C．anywhere hot D．hot anywhere 19．What time did you school this morning?A．arrive in B．arrive at C．get D．get on 20．—Would you like some more bread?—No, thanks. I’m .A．hungry B．full C．busy D．thirsty 21．Here______the results______the exam.A．is；with B．are；ofC．is；of D．are；with22．I do homework every day，usually when I come______home______school. A．to；from B．at；forC．/；from D．from；to23．______ hours do you exercise every day?A．How long B．How muchC．How many D．How often24．— What does Nancy usually do after school?— ___________.A．She has piano lessons on Monday B．Her favorite sport is swimming C．She usually goes swimming D．She thinks it is interesting 25．—Oh, my mother is badly ill. I have to stay at home and look after her.— .A．Don’t worry B．That’s all rightC．I’m sorry to hear that D．Bad luck26．—Look at the dark clouds, and the wind is blowing strongly.—It ______that a big storm is coming.A．sounds B．seems C．feels D．smells【参考答案】一、选择题1．D 2．A 3．D 4．A 5．A 6．A 7．C8．A 9．C 10．A 11．C 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．A 16．A 17．C 18．C 19．B 20．B 21．B 22．C 23．C 24．C25．C26．B【参考解析】一、选择题1．D解析：D【解析】【详解】句意：你能在互联网上买任何东西，它非常方便。
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Choose between –ing participle and – ed participle
• 9. I can't bear the smell of ____(burn) toast. • 15. There is a ____(refresh) breeze on the porch. • 16. You have a ____(stand) invitation to come with us at any time. • 17. The roses grew in great ___(perfume) masses all over the garden.
Put the verbs in brackets into the infinitive, the –ing participle or the –ed participle • 6. He soon had them all ___(laugh). • 9. She's had his passport ___(visa) for Spain. • 10. Just get them ____(finish up) as soon as possible. • 11. Can you get the clock ___(go)? • 20. The hotel leaves much______(desire).
Exeopriate word from the words in brackets.
• 1. She must have worked all night, for, you see, she is with (sunk, sinking, hollowed, sunken) eyes. • 4.I don't like these apples. They are getting (rotten, rotting, rotted, rot). • 18. The poor were housed in dingy, (rotting, rotted, rotten) buildings. The rain has (rotted, rotten) the roof beams.
• 7. The old lady is (blest, blessed, blessing) with good hearing. 11. The birth of a baby is truly a (blessing, blessed) event. 10. Jim seems (bended, bent, bending) on becoming a musician. 12. He signed a (binding, bound, bounden) agreement to pay back the loan in a year. 13. They were on the New York express, (binding, bound) for Maine.