写作3讲
英语写作基础教程3
英语写作基础教程A Basic Course in Writing主讲: Priscillapan教学大纲一. 教学对象本课程的教学对象是高等专科英语专业的学生或具有同等水平的自学者._二. 教学目的与要求通过本课程的教学, 使学生初步掌握英语写作技能, 学会用英文写叙述,说明性的短文和一般性应用文.(1) 用英文写叙述,说明性的短文: 要求学生能根据命题列出作文提纲,在1小时内写出不少于200词的短文, 内容切题,完整,条理清楚,语句连贯通顺, 语法基本正确.(2) 用英文写一般性的应用文: 要求学生能根据提示写出知,贺卡,便条,申请书,邀请函,简历, 格式正确, 语言得体._三. 教学安排本课程3个学分, 在一个学期内开设, 每周3学时,共计54学时._四. 教学内容本课程主要教学内容如下:(1) 文稿格式;(2) 句子结构;(3) 构段方式;(4) 谋篇布局;(5) 摘要;(6) 应用文._五. 教学原则(1) 在教学过程中, 要充分考虑成人学习的特点和本课程的特点, 注重对学生遣词造句这两种能力的培养;(2) 在教学过程中, 教师应以指导学生自学为主, 以电视教学和课堂教学为辅, 采用多种教学手段对学生进行写作训练._六. 测试_实行全国统一的闭卷考试.考试采用百分制,60分及格.实施方案一,课时安排____"英语写作基础"课内总学时为54小时,课外练习时数为54小时.二,具体学习安排___ (一)基本技能的学习:6课时,要求掌握标点符号的用法.__ (二)句子的写作:9课时,要求掌握句子统一性,连贯性,重点突出的写作技巧. __ (三)段落的写作:6课时,要求掌握段落统一性的写作,学会主题句和扩展句的运用.__ (四)一般性文章和应用文的写作:30课时,要求掌握基本应用文的写作,这是本课程的重点部分(具体内容附后).__ (五)期末复习:3课时,全面复习本学习的教学内容,模拟考试.三,教学意见____ 1) 作文课应该以教师讲解,学生练习为主.___ 2) 授课重点应该放在写作技能技巧的训练上,理论知识可以适当少讲.___ 3) 有条件的分校可以充分利用网上资源和现代技术设备,利用互联网上的英语写作网站扩大学生的阅读两;利用视频展示台把学生所写的优秀文章向全班批改,也可以讲普遍性的问题;等等.考试题型一,考试题型与要求___ 本课程的考试依据教学大纲的要求,重点考查应用文写作和一般文体的写作.考试为闭卷考试,总分为100分._____ 1.应用文写作___ 根据提示写一个不少于50词的通知和一个不少于100词的便条,要求语言通顺,用词得体,格式正确.满分为30分;_____ 2.命题作文___ 根据所给题目及写作提纲或规定场景等,写一篇不少于200词的作文,要求符合文章类型特点,内容切题,语言通顺.满分为70分.二,考试模拟试题一,Write a notice into the box according to the following facts:(10分) ____乒乓球赛___ 地点: 1号球室:___ 北京商业学校对北京语言文化大学___ 时间:5月8日用六下午五时二,Write a note based on the given facts:(20分) :____ 时间:6月9月____ 对象:Prof. Stone_____ 内容:对不起,不能赴3点的约会.我的论文由,于被朋友锁上了,不能带来.我不知他何时返回.如果方便,我能在明日下午五时在系办公室见您吗若不行,请明早特便条放在我的信箱里,信箱号606.谢谢._____ 留言者:吴敏三,Write an essay of no fewer than 200words:(70分) :________ Title:_ Qualification of a Good University Student________ Aids:________ First Paragraph:_Your point of view of being a good university student________ Second Paragraph: What makes a good university student (with some examples)________ Third Paragraph:_Conclusion平时作业英语写作基础平时作业(大作业)共四次,主要检查同学们对英语应用文写作的掌握情况.__1)完成P125页Exercise 1 (Notice Writing)2)完成P126页Exercise 3 (Note Writing)3)完成P126页Exercise 4 (Letters Writing)4)完成P126页Exercise 5 (resumes Writing)___另外,任课教师可以根据教学内容,适当补充写作练习.General Remarks on Writing_Writing _makes an exact man._Great use and popularity_Needing Much Knowledge_Useful for Reading and Spoken_Great Difficulties as wellTargets of this CourseAt the end of this course, you should be able:_to use the punctuation marks correctly;_to write correct sentences;_to write more effective sentences ;_to compose a full essay;_to write a practical essay like a note, a letter, or a notice etc. Arrangement_ I Writing the titleII Leaving the marginsIII ParagraphingIV CapitalizationV Dividing wordsWriting the titleBe placed in the middle of the first lineEvery word of the title should be capitalizedNo full stop should be used at the end of a titleMarginsA. leave margins at the top and bottom and on the side of each page. Never write on a full page.B. left side margin should be wider if the work is to be bound.C. For students, it is advisable to write on every other line. ParagraphingA. Indentation (Space)… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..B. Block… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..… … … … … … ..HandwritingRegrettably, an English writer is not so concerned with the aesthetics in handwriting as a Chinese writer is. Be neat and legible.A. Make your "t"s different from your "e"s;B. Make your "r"s different from your "v"s;C. If cross out a word, no brackets but a thick line across it;D. If add a word, write it above, not below;E. Two common ways of writing the letters: form loops and print SyllabificationWhen you happen not to have enough room to write a whole word in at the end of a line:A. If the word is monosyllabic, please write it in a next line;B. If the word is polysyllabic, you maybe syllabify it if you feel necessaryHow to syllabify a wordJust splitting a word then a hyphen then the other part of the word. occupation: oc-cu-pa-tion( Don't split it like this: occ-upa-tion)Nowadays, a computer deals with this problems automatically Abbreviations and NumeralsAbbreviations shorten some words, titles and long names. They are used in advertising and informal occasions.1) Be sure to use them before you know.2) Be sure of the dots ( . ).Abbreviations1)___ Before names (family names), titles are abbreviated:Mr. Green Ms. Adella Dr. Bethune2)___ Titles of academics, government officials, and priest can be abbreviated, followed by the full name:Prof. Li Gov. Henry Ford Sen. Robert3)_____ Academic degrees and family designations preceded by full names can be abbreviated:Robert Smith, Ph. D. John Jones Jr./Sr.4) Names of well-known organizations, firms, places, and long technical terms can be abbreviated by using the initial letters of the words:UNESCO FBI WHO TOEFL GATT5)_____ Time designations when used with specific numbers are abbreviated:135 B.C. 6:00 a.m.6) Words referring to portions of address can be abbreviated when they appear in address on envelopes, letter headings, or inside addresses:Rd. Dept. Pro. P.R.C.Capitalization1)The use of capitalization is unique and important in writing.(1) The china made in China is first class.(2) he bought that article of japan in Japan.(3) Their child was shanghaied in Shanghai.(4) John wanted to go to the john.(5) The turkey here is not as good as in Turkey. _2)The capitalization is used in the following 10 aspects:(1) the beginning of a sentenceWonderful!Where there is a will, there is a way.Can you hear me at the backCapitalization(2) For the first letter in each line of a poem.The Arrow and the SongI shot an arrow into the sky,(3) The first letter of a directed quotation / speech:"Who is on duty today " the teacher asked." Don't worry," he said, trying to comfort me. " We will help you make up for the lessons."(cf. "To be frank with you," he said, "you should not have told him that."Capitalization(4) The first letters of the essential words in proper nouns ( names of people, countries, organizations historical events, planes, etc.) Darwin ShakespeareChina Jesus Christthe Great Wall the Red CrossBoeing 747(5) The first letters of designation of relatives before family names: Uncle Geoge Aunt MaggieNiece Mary Grandma LeeCapitalization(6) Almost all abbreviations except a.m., p.m., etc., e.g., c/o, i.e., tec(7) the first letter of essential word in trade marks, service signs, posts, greetings, etc.Information Desk Hands OffOpen Strictly No Smoking(祝你生日快乐!)Happy birthday to you!Happy Birthday to you!(8) the title of all significant words in the title of a theme, article, essay. newspaper, periodical. But a form word of less than five letters is not capitalized unless it begins the title.Jane Eyre Gone with the WindMy College LifeCapitalization(9) the first letter of the salutation and complimentary close in a letter: Dear Sir, Dear Mr. Evans,Sincerely yours, Yours,(10) the first letter of the words of the days of a week, the month, and the major words of holidays:PunctuationMain Punctuation marks1. the period(.)2. the question mark ( )3. the exclamation point (!)4. the comma (,)5. the semicolon (;)6. the colon (:)7. brackets ([ ])8. the quotation marks (" " ' ')9. parentheses ( ( ) )10. The dash (―)11. ellipsis points ( … )The Period ( . )1. The period (full stop) is used at the end of a declarative sentence,a mildly imperative sentence, and an indirect question.Honesty is the best policy.Hand in your homework, please. .The period marks the end of a sentence. The word after it begins a new sentence and has to be capitalized.She graduated from Oxford University. She achieved great success in her studies there.2.The period is used with most abbreviations.But some people prefer not to use the period with abbreviations. They just write Mr, Ms, etc. Names of well-known organizations, broadcasting corporations are often written without periods, like UN, UNESCO, NATO, VOA, BBC.3. Three spaced period make the ellipsis mark, which indicates the omission of one or more words within a quoted passage, or pauses in speech;Um… I think, um… she is um… pretty um… hardworking.The Comma ( , )1. A comma is used to join coordinate. It is put before the conjunction (and, but, or, for, so, nor, or, yet,):We wanted to go on, but other people disappeared.He tried hard, yet he failed to convince her.We should remember that coordinate clauses have to be joined with a comma and a conjunction. One comma alone cannot do the jobthough it is possible in Chinese.Sam is four years old, he is quite bright.Sam is four years old, and he is quite bright.Using a comma to link two clauses is a common mistake, which has a name: the comma fault or the comma splice. But we can use a semicolon, a dash, or a colon between two coordinate clauses.Sam is four years old; he is quite bright.Sam is very happy: he's got the first prize.The Comma ( , )2. A comma is used after an adverbial clause or phrase.When the rain stopped, we continued to work in the fields.On hearing the news, she went faint.Some listeners, bored by the lengthy talk, closed their eyes and dozed.3. Commas are used to separate a series of words or phrases with the same function in the sentence.The comma before the conjunction and last item is optional. It can be omitted there is no danger of misreading.The children sang, danced, jumped, and chased each other.4. Nonrestrictive clauses and phrases are set off by commas. Restrictive clauses and phrases are not set off by commas.The speaker, after glancing at his notes, began to talk about the next point.The Comma ( , )5. In dates, a comma is used to separate the day and the year if the order is month-day-year; no comma need be used if the order is day-month-year.Hong Kong was returned to China on July 1, 1997.She was born on 15 September 1980.6. With numbers over 1,000 or more, commas or little blank spaces may be used to separate digits by thousands. From right to left, a comma is placed after every three numerals.12,221,548 53,507,214The question Marks ( )1. The question mark is used after a direct question.Do you know Mr. Smith"Could you please explain to me the meaning of this sentence " she asked.2. The question mark is used after a statement turned into a question ( said in a rising tune ).You like it You want to buy itThe first time to the United States3. A question mark put between parentheses indicates the writer's uncertainty about the correctness of the preceding word, figure or date.Cao Xueqing was born in 1715 ( ), and died in poverty in 1764 ( ). The Exclamation Mark ( ! )1. The exclamation mark is used after an exclamatory sentence, or an emphatic interjection, or a phrase expressing strong emotion.Wow! What beautiful flowers!Help!It is on fire!The exclamation mark indicates strong emphasis and therefore it should be used sparingly. It is preferable to close a mild interjection with a comma or a period.(Do not use it frequently!)2.Sometimes the exclamation mark is used after a slogan.Long live the Peoples Republic of China!NATO Out!The Semicolon ( ; )1. The semicolon is used between two coordinate clauses which are not linked by a conjunction.We wanted to go on, but other people disappeared.She was interested in history years ago; today her main interest is art. Each of the above two sentences can be turned into two separate sentences without any change in meaning except some lack of closeness in them.2. Conjunctive adverbs like therefore, however, nonetheless, hence, otherwise, besides, moreover, etc., should not be used as conjunctions to link two coordinate clauses. Before them there should be a semicolon, not a comma.He promised to come the meeting; however, she would been caught in the storm.3. The semicolon is used with conjunctions when the clauses contain internal punctuation.4. A comma is used to separate a series of items with internal commas. The Colon ( : )1. The colon is used to introduce a quotation or a statement .It will do everyone good to remember this old saying: " One will know that he does not know enough after he begins to learn."2. ThSentence WritingRequirements for a correct sentence:It should be structurally complete.It should begin with a capital letter.It should end with a full stop, or a question mark, or an exclamation mark.It should express a single complete idea.Correct SentencesCompleteness in StructureA grammatically complete sentence is one that contains at least a subject and a predicate verb(谓语动词)and it begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop.If the verb is transitive(及物动词), there must be an object; if the verb is a link verb(系动词), there must be a predicative(表语) or complement(补语).Examples(√) We have a lesson on Monday night.(√)To think about the gift makes me happy.(√) After this meal, they were ready to set out.(×)Hoping she would accept his apology.(×)A school that was a bad experience.(×)With no difference except the color.The Right Subject1) Not knowing his name, it was difficult to introduce him.2) To look at a map, the importance of the road is seen.3)Stuck in the mud, they had to push the car.In the above sentences the subjects are not properly related to the gerunds, participles or infinitive in the first parts of the sentences.Agreement Between S. (subject) & P. (predicate verb)The predicate verb of a sentence has to agree with the subject in person and number.Collective nouns like family and audience may be either singular or plural, depending on the meaning in which they are used. If you think of family, government, etc. as one whole, a singular verb is needed. If you think of them as made up of a number of people, a plural verb is needed.The whole family are going out for BBQ.This family is the happiest one in our town.There is a great audience in the playground.The audience are shocked by the news.When two subjects refer to different persons or are different in number, the verb should agree with the subject close to it.Neither he nor you are arriving at the right time.There is a pen and four books on the desk.Words after together with, in addition to, besides, etc., are objects of prepositions; they do not affect the number of the subject.The plays, as well as the captain, want very much to win.A subjectclause generally takes a singular verb, but a what-clause which clearly refers to many things can take a plural verb.How he manages to do it remains a mystery.What he wanted to know were the pay, the living and working conditions.Agreement Between Pronoun & AntecedentJust as the predicate verb of a sentence has to agree with the subject in person and number, so a pronoun has to agree with its antecedent. After a compound antecedent with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also, a pronoun agrees with t he nearer part of the antecedent.A singular pronoun follows a collective noun antecedent when the members of the group are considered as a unit; a plural pronoun, when they are thought of individually.The jury was asked to return to their seats.For such singular antecedents as each, either, neither, one, no one, everyone, someone, anyone, nobody, everybody, somebody, and anybody, which may refer to both male and female, she or he, his or her, him or her, or the preferred plural pronouns they, their or them are used.Clear Pronoun Reference1) She told my sister that her idea was practical.2) Leave out the word in that sentence because it is too difficult.We use personal pronouns very often. They seem to be easy, but they should be used with care. We beginners often make mistakes in using "it". Ending sentenceswith full stopsTo join two or more complete sentences with commas may be possible in Chinese, but it is wrong in English. When a sentence is structurally complete, whether long or short, it should end with a full stop.For example:He went out on Sunday. He met his friend in the street. They talk for a while. Then they said "goodbye".When he went out on Sunday, he met his friend in the street. Theytalk for a while and then they said "goodbye".Joining clauses with conjunctionWhen two or more sentences are closely connected in meaning, it may be better to put them into one sentence than separate them. Then those sentences will become clauses which should be joined together with proper conjunctions or other words, like relative pronouns.We should distinguish between conjunctions and adverbs, such as but and however, so and therefore. We can join coordinate clauses with a comma and a conjunction, or with a semicolon, or with a semicolon and an adverb.Mom washed the dishes; and I dried and put them away.Some of the food crops failed, but the cotton did quite well.Some of the food crops failed; however, the cotton did quite well.A main clause in a complex sentenceIn a complex sentence there must be a main clause, whether it is at the beginning, in the middle or at the end of the sentence.Proper use of comparisonsAdjectives or adverbs of the comparative degree should be used only when there is a comparison.We should not use adjectives or adverbs of the comparative degree when there is no comparison, explicit or implied.In addition, we should remember that only things of the same kind can be compared.For example:This course seems more difficult.China's population is larger than India's.After many years Bill remembered me better than Carl did. Correct Use of TenseWhenever we make a sentence, we should ask ourselves when the thing mentioned happens, and the right tense to report it.1) He told/tells me that he is much better now.2) She returned the book I lend/lent to her yesterday.3) Last time we saw a film, and it is/was a good one.Types of SentenceAccording to their use, we have ―1) declarative sentences. (陈述句)2) interrogative sentences.(疑问句)3) imperative sentences.(祈使句)4) exclamation sentences. (感叹句)According to their structure, we have ―simple sentences. (简单句)2) compound sentences. (并列句)3) complex sentences. (复合句)4) compound-complex sentences.(并列复合句)Types of SentenceFrom a rhetorical(修辞) point of v iew, we have ―1) loose sentences. (松散句)2) periodic sentences. (工整句)3) balanced sentences. (对杖句)4) Short and long sentences (长短句)Coordination(并列) and Subordination(从属)When we mention two or more things or ideas of equal importance, we often use coordinate clauses joined with a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, yet, so, or for). (coordination) When we express an important idea in a main clause and one or more less important ideas in subordinate clauses, we are using the method of subordination.The choice of coordination or subordinations mainly decided by the relationship between the ideas to be expressed.Effective SentencesUnity (统一性)Coherence (连贯性)Conciseness(简洁性)Emphasis (有重点性)Variety (多样性)Unity (统一性)Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence. It refers to two qualities: there is only one main idea in a sentence, and that idea is complete.Ideas that are closely connected can be expressed in one sentence, while ideas that are not closely connected should not be put into one sentence.1)_ Born in a small town in South China in the early 50s, he grew up to be a famous musician. (×)2)_ He is from Hebei, and I am 22 years old now.(×)Coherence (连贯性)Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts. A sentence is coherence when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationship clear.Do not separate words that are closely related;Do not use a pronoun with ambiguous reference;Do not use a dangling modifier;Do not make confusing shift in person and number;Do not make unnecessary changes in tense, voice, or mood.Do not use different forms to express parallel ideas.For example:1) A man is judged not only by what he says but also by his deeds (by what he does ).2) We thought she was charming, intelligent, and a very capable young woman (a charming, intelligent and capable young woman).3) After listening to the speaker's inspiring speech, many questions were raised. (we raised many questions.)4)_She told my sister that she( who is she) was wrong.5)_He was knocked down by a bike, but it( ) was not serious.6)_ read an interesting story in a magazine about sportsmen. (not a sentence at all)Conciseness(简洁性)A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea if fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better.Use a pronoun instead of repeating a noun.Use a word instead of a phrase with the same meaning, and use a phrase instead of a clause with the same meaning.Do not repeat words or phrases, if possible, in a sentence or in one that follow.Do not use different words or phrases with similar meanings in the same sentence.Do not repeat the same idea in different sentences except for emphasis.Wordy sentences and redundant words can only make the meaning hazy and the main points inconspicuous. It is always necessary for us to reread what we have written and try to improve it by simplifying it and making it more concise.For example:1) My father has returned back from Beijing.2) It is blue in colour.3) In my opinion, I think you are right.4) Mary is a quiet and careful woman.5) Mr. Smith likes to drink all kinds of wine that are produced in France. (French wine)6) The language lab is open to students not only from English Department but also from other department of the university.7)My father is 65 years old, and he is a professor in Hunan University. He has a healthy body of his age.My father, a professor of 65 years old in Hunan University, enjoys the best of_ health._ (用同位语改写)Emphasis (有重点性)Placing:The end and the beginning , especially the end, of a sentence usuallyattract readers' attention, so important elements of a sentence should be put at these two places, especially the end.For example:1) The teacher nodded with satisfaction when he was listening to her. The teacher, while listening to her, kept nodding with satisfaction.2) The plane circled around the airport for ten minutes and then disappeared in the clouds.After circling around the airport for ten minutes, the plane disappeared in the clouds.Climactic sequenceIn enumerating things or ideas, we should start from the least important and end with the most important, or in the climactic sequence.For example:He said he had lost interest in life, fame, position and money after that tragedy.He said after tragedy he had lost interest in money, position, fame, and even life.The use of verbs in the active voiceVerbs are generally more emphatic than nouns or any other part of speech.For example:The work was finished by them last night.They finished the work last night.But when the receiver of an action is more important than the doer, the passive voice is preferable.When she got off the bus, lots of people welcomed her warmly. When she got (getting) off the bus, she was warmly welcomed by lots of people.Subordination(使用从属结构)Subordinating a part of a sentence is a way of giving emphasis to the main part / idea of the sentence.For example:A plane is wheeling over the city.A plane is wheeling over the city, producing a big noise that surprised the inhabitants.Repeating important wordsRepetition as a rule should be avoided, but occasionally important words can be repeated for the sake of emphasis:For example:1) He speaks German well. His written German is also good.He speaks German well; he also writes German well.2) The Government praises itself in every possible way, but the Opposition says ugly things about it whenever possible.The Government praises itself in every possible way (whenever possible), but the Opposition says ugly things about it in every possible way (whenever possible).Negative-positive statementsWhen a negative statement is followed by a positive one, the meaning is emphasized by the contrast.For example:1)She does not care too much about prices; she thinks the quality of things is more important.She does not care too much about prices; she cares much about the quality.2) These children are busy playing with toys. They have little time for studies.Busy playing with toys, these children have little time for studies. Rhetorical questionsRhetorical questions are questions in form but emphatic statements in meaning. They are not asked to be answered.For example:Didn't I tell you not to be lateWhat are you talking about Nonsense.Is that what you are going to give meVariety (多样性)It is often good to vary sentence structures and mix short long, simple and compound or complex, loose and periodic sentences, so long as the meaning is properly expressed. A series of sentences of the same structure and length with the same noun or pronoun as the subjects produce monotony.For example:1)She hurried down to the bank, withdrew all her savings, and gave them to her old mother.Hurrying down to the bank, she withdrew all her savings and gave them to her old mother.2)When they saw the curtain go up, the audience gasped in surprise and started applauding loudly.Seeing the curtain go up, the audience gasped in surprise and started applauding loudly.Or: The audience saw the curtain go up, gasped in surprise, and started applauding loudly.。
暑假能力提升培训资料二升三年级阅读与写作 第3讲(修改)
二升三暑假衔接阅读与写作（第三讲）（汉字笔画）一、读下面的笔画名称，写出对应的笔画。
横折（）横撇（）横钩（）横折钩（）横折提（）横折弯（）横折折（）横斜钩（）横折弯钩（）横撇弯钩（）横折折撇（）横折折折钩（）横折折折（）竖提（）竖折（）竖钩（）竖弯（）竖弯钩（）竖折撇（）竖折折（）竖折折钩（）撇点（）撇折（）斜钩（）弯钩（）二、笔顺规则，分别写三个相对应的字。
先横后竖：十、干、木先撇后捺：从上到下：从左到右：从外到内：从内到外：从外到内后封口：先中间后两边：三、按要求完成下列题目。
1、“兔”共有（）画，第七画是：。
2、“刻”共有（）画，第三画是：。
3、“每”共有（）画，第四画是：。
4、“建”共有（）画，第七画是：。
四、写出下列各字的笔顺。
阿：间：。
永：。
肖：。
五、选一选，填一填。
咛泞值植跨垮夫失泥（）（）班（）进（）妇1叮（）（）树（）掉（）去裁栽狠狼贪贫攻功（）树（）群（）心成（）（）剪凶（）（）穷进（）六、加偏旁，组成新字再组词。
例：尤——（优）（优秀）王—（）（）者—（）（）文—（）（）古—（）（）青—（）（）户—（）（）七、加一笔，变成新字再组词。
例：日—（白）（白色）卜—（）（）白—（）（）万—（）（）米—（）（）牛—（）（）厂—（）（）八、查字典，填一填。
（一）落叶秋风像把大扇子，刮得满地黄叶子。
叶子落地像毯子，蚂蚁把它当被子。
蝴蝶把它当屋子，松鼠用它做掸子。
院子里的小燕子，赶紧召集全家子：“秋风来信催我们，快回南方过日子。
”1、这首儿歌写的是季节的景色。
2、儿歌中把秋风比作，把黄叶比作。
这种写作手法叫。
3、这首儿歌写了哪几种动物？你知道蚂蚁在哪儿过冬吗？燕子呢？4、这首儿歌中共有10个带子的词语，你还能再写几个吗？看谁写得多。
5、学当小诗人，改写儿童诗。
落叶秋风起，天气凉。
树叶黄了，一片片从树枝上落下来。
树叶落在地上，甲虫爬过来，躲在里面，把它当作屋。
树叶落在沟里，蚂蚁爬上去，坐在中间，把它当作船。
三年级作文入门指导
三年级作文入门指导第一讲写作基本知识一：文章结构三年级入门作文一般分三段来写，字数约在300字左右。
第一段（开头）点明主题，表明写的什么内容或事情。
第二段（主要部分），写出要表达的内容或事情经过。
第三段（结尾）写受到的启发或表明自己感受。
二：文章的开头方法1、开门见山式开头即指开头不拐弯抹角，简洁明了地直接进入主题，干脆利落地交待出文章要写什么人、什么事、什么景、什么物或什么道理等。
如：王加丽是个勤奋好学，乐于助人，热爱集体的学生，老师和同学都喜欢她。
2、外貌描写式开头3、对比法开头三、文章结尾方法1、总结式结尾在文章的结尾，对所写人物的表现、品格进行总结。
比如，《我的榜样》的结尾：这就是王小平，我学习的榜样。
他就是这样勤奋向上，乐于助人，现在，他已经成了同学心中的偶像啦!2、赞扬式结尾在结尾，用歌颂的语句来赞扬人物的品格，突出和点明中心。
比如：《我的老师》一文结尾：王老师就是这样热爱自己的学生，忠诚于崇高的教育事业，她勤勤恳恳、呕心沥血地传道授业解惑，无私地奉献着自己的一切，无愧于“优秀教师”的光荣称号！3、启发式结尾这种结尾是把通过某件事之后所得到的启示、明白的道理写出来，起到点明中心的作用。
比如：《一件小事》的结尾：这件事过去很长时间了，但我却铭记不忘。
事情虽然小，但它给我的启发却很大，因为它让我明白了一个道理，那就是：人不论做错了什么事，只要认识到错了，而且敢于承认，勇于改正，那就一定有新的开始，一定会进步的。
四、怎样做到把文章主要内容写具体、生动。
1、抓住事物特点。
2、按照恰当的顺序写。
3、运用适当的词语。
4、运用比喻、拟人、排比、夸张等手法。
第二讲《我最喜欢的一种花》写法指导一、开头方法：1、开门见山式开头。
例如：（1）在众多奇花异草当中，我最喜欢玫瑰花。
（2）迎春花是春天里最早迎接春天最早开的一种花，所以人们把它叫做迎春花。
（3）荷花，自古以来就被人们称为洁身自好的小姑娘。
（4）在我们学校的花坛里生长着要一棵高大的剑兰，我每天都要去观赏一次，简直是百看不厌。
四级作文写作第3,4,5讲：段落的扩展
四六级作文写作：段落的扩展一、段落的组成和特征1．段落的组成段落大多由三部分组成：主题句；扩展句；结尾句。
段落的构成如下：主题句一句话来表明作者的观点和态度，或囊括段落内容，突出中心词或一个句子段落扩展句用三五句话对段落主题进行发挥（内容清晰详实，条理清楚连贯，紧扣段落主题结尾句对段落进行归纳总结,与主题句相辅相成For example:Reading provides much pleasure in our life and make our life more colorful. From books, we “see” the beauties of nature, enjoy the treasures of art and “converse” with characters in them.Reading serves to mold the readers’ temperament and make them have ease of mind. When we fe el tired, reading a humorous book or a novel always makes us feel refreshed and relaxed.扩展段落常用的方法四六级统考中，作文的题材大多为论说文，适合于这中题材的段落发展方法主要有：列举或举例法；比较对比法；因果法等。
1．列举或举例法列举或举例法是段落发展的基本方法，用这种方法发展段落，首先要摆出论点（the topic sentence）, 然后列举一系列的论据对其进行陈述和解释，或用具体事例对其进行说明。
如：People may have different attitudes towards criticism. Some people will become annoyed if they are criticized, and they will try to defend themselves by all means. Some people tend to be indifferent to criticism. They just regard criticism as nonsense. But still some people think that criticism will help them realize their shortcomings.常用于列举或举例法的过渡连接语有：for one thing, for another, for example, for another example; to begin with, first, second, besides, in addition, also, still, moreover, still another, finally, at last, lastly;按上述方法发展成一段约见50——80词的段落。
电子教案-高职应用写作(第三版_杨文丰)课件-第3讲 欢迎词欢送词-电子课件
项目三、写作模板
框图模式
文字模板
以特定身份欢迎宾客
↓
宾客来访的目的及意义
↓
回顾历史、友情
↓
双方合作成果及意义
↓
赞扬宾客贡献
↓
致谢
↓
表达继续合作意愿
↓
再次欢迎
注：以上为欢迎词基本内容模块结构
模式。
欢迎词 女士们、先生们：
值此××××的美好日子，我代表××××××，向远道而来的贵宾们 表示热烈的欢迎！（以何身份欢迎宾客）。
2.口语化。欢迎词、欢送词都是面对宾客口头表 达的文书，所以都具有口语化的特征。
（四）欢迎词、欢送词的结构写法
欢迎词、欢送词的结构基本一样。 1．标题。 ——一般直接以文种“欢迎词”、“欢送词”为题； ——也可以场合和文种为题，如：××在建厂30周 年酒会上的欢迎词。 2．称谓。对被欢迎、欢送的对象的称呼，称呼前 可加 “尊敬的”、“敬爱的”一类修饰语。
团公司期间，他会晤了技术人员和管理人员，参观了车间科室，与一线工
人进行了亲切交谈，为我们树立了细致、严谨和高效的工作作风。
Байду номын сангаас
在向×××博士告别之际，我们真诚地希望×××博士给我们多多提
出指导意见，以便我们更好地提升工作水平。同时，我们想借此机会请他
转达我们对贵国××公司总裁和全体员工的亲切问候！
祝×××博士回国一路顺风！身体健康!
集团公司总裁 ：×××
【提 示】
××××年三月六日
这篇欢送词突出了两方面的内容。其一写
与客人两次欢聚。“两个星期以前”曾欢聚一堂
欢迎客人一句，点明客人的访问时间长度。客人
【暑假辅导班七升八语文】(一)新课预习+导读讲练+ 主题阅读+写作3《“飞天”凌空》 讲演版
赢（yínɡ）输赢
滕（ténɡ）滕州
嬴（ yínɡ）嬴政
用作地名，也可作姓氏。
秦始皇。
藤（ténɡ）顺藤摸瓜
羸（ léi ）羸弱
与植物相关。
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预习思考
理解词义
翘首：抬起头来。 屏息：暂时抑止呼吸。 酷似：好像。 慷慨：大方，不吝惜。 轻盈：形容女子动作、姿态轻柔优美。 由衷：指衷心的，出自内心的，不是假装的。 如梦初醒：像刚从梦中醒来，比喻过去一直糊涂，在别人或 事实的启发下，刚刚明白过来。 震耳欲聋：形容声音很大，耳朵都快震聋了。
屏息敛声（ bǐnɡ）
眼花缭乱（ liáo ）
震耳欲聋（ zhèn ）
意思为“缠返绕回首”页 。上一页 下一页
多音字 （qiào）翘尾巴
（bǐnɡ）屏息
翘
屏
（qiáo）翘首
（pínɡ）屏障
作动词时一般读“bǐnɡ”，作
名词时读“pínɡ”。 返回首页 上一页 下一页
字词辨析
腾（ténɡ）翻腾 表示动作。
返回首页 上一页 下一页
预习思考
学习字词
字音易错。
凌空（ lí）nɡ 优雅（ y）ǎ 掠过（ lü）è
翘首（ qiáo ） 酷似（ kù ） 敦煌（ huánɡ）
潇洒（ xiāo ） 慷慨（ kǎi ） 绷直（ bēnɡ ）
轻盈（ yínɡ ） 悄然（ qiǎo ） 由衷（ zhōnɡ）
一刹那（ chà ）
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预习思考
思考问题
思考1：这则新闻特写 报道了一件什么事？ 着重抓住什么场面来 刻画的？
速读 课文
思考2：本文按照什么 顺序来记叙的？能不能 列出课文的结构提纲。
【小学四年级组作文课程】第3讲 悟心·培养审美创造力
悟心·培养审美创造力【课前导读】教师节创意贺卡【点石成金】一、结合写作，培养审美创造力1、学会模仿模仿是创造的一种，创造是模仿的目的，模仿是深化美感的途径。
【例题】通过朗读朱自清的《春》，试着仿写《夏》或《秋》或《冬》。
春盼望着，盼望着，东风来了，春天的脚步近了。
一切都像刚睡醒的样子，欣欣然张开了眼。
山朗润起来了，水涨起来了，太阳的脸红起来了。
小草偷偷地从土里钻出来，嫩嫩的，绿绿的。
园子里，田野里，瞧去，一大片一大片满是的。
坐着，躺着，打两个滚，踢几脚球，赛几趟跑，捉几回迷藏。
风轻悄悄的，草软绵绵的。
桃树、杏树、梨树，你不让我，我不让你，都开满了花赶趟儿。
红的像火，粉的像霞，白的像雪。
花里带着甜味儿，闭了眼，树上仿佛已经满是桃儿、杏儿、梨儿。
花下成千成百的蜜蜂嗡嗡地闹着，大小的蝴蝶飞来飞去。
野花遍地是：杂样儿，有名字的，没名字的，散在花丛里，像眼睛，像星星，还眨呀眨的。
“吹面不寒杨柳风”，不错的，像母亲的手抚摸着你。
风里带来些新翻的泥土的气息，混着青草味儿，还有各种花的香，都在微微润湿的空气里酝酿。
鸟儿将巢安在繁花嫩叶当中，高兴起来了，呼朋引伴地卖弄清脆的喉咙，唱出宛转的曲子，跟轻风流水应和着。
牛背上牧童的短笛，这时候也成天在嘹亮地响着。
雨是最寻常的，一下就是三两天。
可别恼。
看，像牛毛，像花针，像细丝，密密地斜织着，人家屋顶上全笼着一层薄烟。
树叶儿却绿得发亮，小草也青得逼你的眼。
傍晚时候，上灯了，一点点黄晕的光，烘托出一片这安静而和平的夜。
在乡下，小路上，石桥边，有撑起伞慢慢走着的人；还有地里工作的农民，披着蓑戴着笠。
他们的草屋，稀稀疏疏的，在雨里静默着。
天上风筝渐渐多了，地上孩子也多了。
城里乡下，家家户户，老老小小，也赶趟儿似的，一个个都出来了。
舒活舒活筋骨，抖擞抖擞精神，各做各的一份儿事去，“一年之计在于春”；刚起头儿，有的是工夫，有的是希望。
春天像刚落地的娃娃，从头到脚都是新的，它生长着。
第3讲 不想写作文怎么办
第3讲不想写作文怎么办学生不想写作文是一个普遍的现象，特别是在小学阶段，有的孩子在作文课堂上不想写作文，那么就不能打下良好的作文基础，甚至影响到了中学阶段一般也不大可能喜欢上写作文，生不爱写作文，作文在中考和高考中的得分就不会高，也就在关键性的大考中吃大亏。
孩子不想写作文，有时候是能力的问题，比如，肚子里没东西，没啥可写，有时候不得不挖空心思瞎编乱造，写出来的作文往往空洞无物，老师的批语也常常是这四个字。
有时候是态度问题，比如精神状态不太好啊，或者已经在学校里写了一篇作文了，当天又要写。
因此，我们必须搞清楚到底是因为什么不愿意写。
找到了原因，我再采取有效的方法就可以解决。
如果是孩子的能力方面原因导致的不愿意写，作为家长或老师可以对孩子进行一定的指导和引导。
针对作文题目辅助孩子一起完成。
如果是因为学习态度导致不愿意写作文。
作为家长或老师，要明确告诉孩子，写作文是你学习的一部分，也是学生必须要经历的。
假如是在课堂上，孩子不愿意写作文，老师就可以设置一些竞争机制来引导孩子在竞争的环境下写作文。
比如，多长时间之内完成有多少积分（积分可以用来换红包或抽奖），或者在下课前，前3名的学生可以得到多少积分，中间多少名的学生可以得到多少积分，最后几名的学生可以得到多少积分。
对于完不成的也要惩罚积分。
（确实有困难的学生，老师可以帮助他们一起完成）如果孩子是在家里写作文的时候不愿意写，怎么办呢？家长可以给孩子一些激励或鼓励，比如，当孩子能够完成之后就有什么奖励目标——一顿大餐、一次外出游玩，一些小奖励，总之，只要能给引起孩子兴趣的激励都是可以行得通的。
孩子不愿意写作文，还有个原因是在加点时候，缺乏学习的环境。
有的家长吃完饭打麻将、闲聊、各自拿着手机当宝贝，这样的环境中，孩子怎么能够静下心来用心写作文呢！孩子不愿写也是有情可原的。
那么我们改怎么办呢？其实，在这个手机一统天下的今天，要想让孩子爱上阅读是非常不容易的，但孩子如果不能爱上阅读，就无法爱上写作文。
高考作文专题讲座3——写作成功的必由之路
写作的本质
写作，用文字表达思维——思维是内核，文字是外
形。写作的目的——想好写好，超越群体。获取高分。
一要符合题意，二要感动读者。
*
“细节”“感悟”——作文成功的两大柱石。以此
为基础，备考要解决三个问题：
*
㈠树立对题目的认识与信心；
㈡做好自我充分有效的准备；
㈢构建题目素材之间的纽带。
“飞入寻常百姓家”，还慈祥地告诉你，这首诗的作者
是刘禹锡，这时一个金发碧眼的外国小女孩抢着说，诗
名《乌衣巷》，出自《全唐诗》365卷4117页……这将
是怎样的情形啊！
*
读了上面的材料，你有怎样的联想或思考？请就
此写一篇文章。
*
要求：①自选角度，自拟标题；②文体不限（诗歌
除外）,文体特征鲜明；③不少于800字；④不得抄袭，
不同学历的人，可以各取所需。
*
考虑到个别人贪大求全的心理，可以出少量的“大全 珍藏版”。
第二，是技术支持的问题。智慧芯片里应该有最先进、 最极速的检索、输出系统，有三点需要高手来攻克：一 是芯片如何与使用者的神经系统相连接，最好不要考虑 植入体内，闹不好容易感染，换起来也麻烦，体外连接 当是首选。二是芯片的激活与信息转换问题，是语言激 活，还是脉动激活，还是其他，这方面我是外行；检
㈠ “自主”写作，完全可以实现
高考写作题目必然具有开阔性、普适性和贯通性。
实质是没有命题，或者说，历年高考作文实质是同一道
题目。
*
㈡ “自主”写作，要求思维突破
思维定式，广泛地存在于各个领域， 思维定式，说到根本就是一种蒙昧； 突破思维定式，便是一片崭新天地， 突破思维定式，便是人类一次飞跃。
写作思维定式，存在于“选材”“立意”两方面。 突破“选材”的思维定式，就可以写熟悉的生活。 突破“立意”的思维定式，才能够表达真情实感。 几十年来，写作教学没能实现根本性的思维突破。
写作教程3Unit2
PART 1 GRAMMARpronounsSubjective vs. objectiveReference for the Classroom Activities1）. She has told me about it.2). -- Who is it?.It's me.3)That's him, I'm sure.4). It was she who solved the problem.(In this sentence, her is also acceptable though it is the subject of the relative clause. The only difference is in style, subjective pronouns sound more formal than objective pronouns. Two more examples:It was them who helped me out.It was me who did it. )5). Jill is the girl who I think went up the hill.(In the relative clause, who is the subject and the phrase I think is an explanatory parenthesis. )6). The Red Cross will accept whoever volunteers.( Whoever is the subject of volunteers. The clause whoever volunteers is the object of accept. )7). Who/Whom is it for?8).To whom is the letter addressed?Now, ask students to summarize the rules about the case of pronouns Summary:1.Subjective pronouns can be used as the subject or part of the predicate of asentence, while objective pronouns can be used as the object of either a verb or a preposition.2.Both subjective and objective pronouns can be used as part of a predicate and thedifference lies in style. If a subjective pronoun is used, it sounds formal and,therefore, is usually preferred in formal writing. If it is an objective pronoun that is used, it sounds colloquial and is, therefore, preferred in informal speech.3.Phrases like I think, I believe, I suppose, when inserted into a clause, do not affectthe roles of the other components in the clause.4.when the interrogative pronoun is not the first word of a question, standard usagehas not yet given up whom after a preposition or at the end of the question: For whom was the party given? You listened to whom? With whom did you go?However, popular usage gas been moving towards the elimination of whom,especially when it comes first in a question. Who is it for? Who did you meet?Who are you looking for?Singular vs. pluralReference for the Classroom Activities1). Someone left his or her umbrella on the train. (One person left one umbrella. )b. Everybody drove his own car to the camping site. (Each person got into his own car and drove it. )c. No one likes to be forced to do what he doesn't like. (Focus should remain on individual's freedom. )d. (correct) (Although everyone looks singular and is often followed by a singular verb,this sentence would be illogical if carried out in the singular: Everyone was in the classroom, but he has left to get pizza. )e. (correct) (A number of people left a number of raincoats. )Now, ask students to summarize the rules about the number of pronouns Summary:e a singular pronoun when the intent of the antecedent is singular. An indefinitepronoun, like someone, everyone, no one, and one, is usually considered to be singular and referred to with singular pronouns, but sometimes it is used in the plural sense and form.e a plural pronoun when the intent of the antecedent is plural.Point of viewReference for the Classroom ActivitiesRevised version 1:When people read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects them. Of course, they feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from them and because they don't affect their own life, they are not traumatized by them. If a flood killed their own close friends, they would be more emotionally upset.Revised version 2:When we read about a natural disaster in another country, it hardly affects us. Of course, we feel bad and upset when people get killed. But as these disasters happen thousands of miles away from us and because they don't affect our own life, we aren't traumatized by them. If a flood killed our close friends, we would be more emotionally upset.Notice while the first version is comfortable and respectable, the second one involves the audience more effectively and directly because of the use of the pronoun we. The pronoun you can also achieve the same effect in this paragraph.Now, ask students to draw a conclusion from the activitySummary:One of the problems about the point of view is a careless shift from one subject to another within a sentence or from one sentence to the next. The solution is to rewrite the paragraph using a consistent presiding pronoun, or point of view.PARTⅡFOLLOW-UP EXERCISES1.1). In this excerpt, Liza's style is all but appropriate for the occasion. At thebeginning, she chooses a formal and affected style but later slides to colloquial and finally slang expressions. The other characters at the scene use general and colloquial vocabulary that is appropriate for the context.2).No. Here the obvious switch from a formal to a highly colloquial styleshows Liza in a transitional stage. She does not see that her learned comment on the weather is posed to be a lady and reverts to her natural speech, which incidentally is much more expressive and colorful than her phony（假冒的）formality（礼节）.2. 1). play a minor role/be a utility man2). That's Greek to me.3). belated action/advice4). Where there is smoke there's fire.5). an evil creature6). walk into the trap7). one's face glowing with health3. 1). We must practice economy. / We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.2). It is essential to control environmental pollution.3). We must arrive at the station on time.4). Financial expenditures should be arranged in order of priority.5). We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve thehousing condition.6). To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions:1) theprofits must be legal, and 2) they must not be excessive.7). During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grainproduction. Instead, we must steadily increase it.4. Reference versionWomen's RightsIn feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women's liberation movement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can't enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair. Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can't help wondering why they don't do it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that, they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. 1). me 2). who 3). I 4). me/ myself 5). me 6). each other’s7). who 8）.us 9). whom 10). some 11) one’s 12). his13). his 14). his, his6 1). We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all ofus are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer "Mommy's little darling." We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher. If we seem different from the other students, we are treated differently, and these differences could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion, and so forth. Right from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.2). There are those who assume that since I can't see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top of their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don't work, my ears don't either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick up the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper: "Hi, Jane, we've got a 76 here." I have concluded that the word "blind" is not used for one of two reasons: either they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent's retina will detach, or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.。
202一年三升四语文讲义一3讲：第一单元同步作文之写景作文(教师版,部编版,含答案)
学会写第一单元同步习作《推荐一个好地方》钱塘江是浙江省最大的河流,其入海口成喇叭状。
每逢涨潮海水倒灌心水势受阻。
形成著名的“钱塘潮”。
波澜壮阔气势磅礴古人赞日天下壮观无。
●习作：《推荐一个好地方》本次习作的主题是“推荐一个好地方”,这是本套教材编排的第一次习作练习。
旨在通过介绍一个好地方, 写清这个地方的特点,将自己推荐的理由写充分,并学会相互交流、修改。
这个地方,可以是曾经去过的印象最深的旅游景点,也可以是一个经常光顾的书店……只要是喜欢的地方，都可以推荐。
【观景之选（风景美丽）；游乐之选（活动欢乐）；品味之选（美食特色）；品位之选（文化元素）。
】●审题1.题目，你都了解到了什么？ （推荐、好地方）2.你认为这次习作的重点应在什么上下功夫？写作范围：自己喜欢的一个地方。
通过描写这个地方与众不同之处，使别人读了也对这个地方感兴趣，因此要抓住这个地方的特点来写。
每个人的喜好不同，喜欢的地方也就会不同，那么怎样把你喜欢的地方介绍给大家呢？怎样介绍才更有条理，也让人感到你喜欢的地方很美，也让大家和你一样喜欢那个地方呢？ 组织材料1.你打算推荐什么地方？这个地方在哪里？有什么特别之处？2.交流自己的选材。
（1）请习作较好的同学先分享，其他同学认真听，根据自己的理解进行较为客观的评价。
2021暑假三升四第一单元同步作文之写景作文学习目标课堂导入知识精讲（2）再请有困难的学生进行汇报。
同学和老师之间进行及时评价，友善地提出不足之处。
要注意！！要按一定顺序描写；抓住特点进行描写；重点部分需要详写；要把自己对这个地方喜欢之情写出来。
观景之选欣赏老舍先生笔下的《草原》：那里的天比别处的天更可爱，空气是那么清新，天空是那么明朗，使我总想高歌一曲，表示我满心的愉快。
在天底下，一碧千里，而并不茫茫。
四面都有小丘，平地是绿的，小丘也是绿的，羊群一会儿上了小丘，一会儿又下来，走在哪里都像给无边的绿毯绣上了白色的大花。
那些小丘的线条是那么柔美，就像只用绿色渲染，不用墨线勾勒的中国画那样，到处翠色欲流，轻轻流入云际。
新人教版必修3高中语文单元写作讲练3
高中语文单元写作讲练3 新人教版必修3技巧点拨本单元学习的古代散文都具有语言鲜明、准确、概括生动，说理形象透彻，化抽象为具体的特点，颇具说服力，我们在写作时也要注意借鉴。
1．形象比喻法《劝学》用了大量比喻论证，使文章形象而具说服力。
平时作文时要注意应用。
如写“时间”，“时间好比一条河流，它无声地流过每一个人的身旁。
时间如一位公正的法官，它公正地对待每个人的是与非。
”2．形象例说法《寡人之于国也》，孟子用具体的事例(不违农时……)来阐明自己的“仁政”。
3．对比说理，是非分明《师说》多处运用对比，使文章观点鲜明极具说服力。
4．句式整齐，富于变化古代散文语句都非常整齐，所以读起来气势畅达，朗朗上口。
如《过秦论》。
范文示例与你为邻自古以来，忠孝都是中华民族的传统美德。
曾经看过沉香救母的故事。
沉香不畏千难万险，刻苦练功，英勇救母，这是何等的赤诚之心，何等的孝敬。
又有东汉董永，少年丧母，跟父亲一起躲避灾难，不久父亲去世，身无分文的他，决定卖身到一富贵人家为奴，为换取丧葬费用。
儿时的故事，给我幼小的心灵打上了深深的烙印。
与孝为邻，孝心也将感动天地。
回首历史，前朝旧臣李密，在忠孝面前曾经难以抉择。
一边是新朝皇上，一边是年迈的祖母。
不尽忠，可能被杀头，不尽孝，祖母则无人照料。
权衡再三，李密决定坚持“百善孝为先”的传统，冒着被杀头的危险，将这种复杂情感记录在《陈情表》里，慷慨陈词，真情流露，感动了皇帝，皇帝恩准了他对祖母的伟大孝行。
天子之所以能如此恩准，原因很简单，历朝天子，均标榜以孝治天下。
不论权力多大，地位多高，都有父母长辈，都离不开孝道。
李密与孝为邻，不仅保全了自己，也实现了照顾祖母、颐养天年的理想。
再让我们看看这位感动中国十大人物之一的谢延信吧，1974年以来的32年里，他以孝道为荣，将自己的孝心无私地倾注到前妻的三个亲人——瘫痪的父亲、丧失劳动能力的母亲和呆傻的弟弟身上。
他践行了中华民族尊老爱幼的传统美德，付出了自己的青春、幸福，甚至是健康。
论文写作讲座策划书3篇
论文写作讲座策划书3篇篇一论文写作讲座策划书一、讲座主题“提升学术素养，助力论文写作”二、讲座目的1. 帮助学生了解论文写作的基本要求和规范，提高论文写作的能力和水平。
2. 为学生提供一个学习和交流的平台，促进学生之间的学术交流和合作。
三、讲座时间[具体时间]四、讲座地点[具体地点]五、讲座对象[具体对象]六、讲座流程1. 签到入场：提前安排签到表和座位，引导听众有序入场。
2. 开场致辞：由主持人介绍讲座的主题、目的和流程，欢迎主讲嘉宾和听众的到来。
3. 主题演讲：主讲嘉宾进行主题演讲，介绍论文写作的基本要求和规范，包括论文的结构、内容、语言表达等方面的要求。
4. 互动环节：听众提问，主讲嘉宾进行解答，促进学生之间的学术交流和合作。
6. 结束离场：引导听众有序离场。
七、讲座内容1. 论文写作的基本要求和规范：介绍论文写作的基本要求和规范，包括论文的结构、内容、语言表达等方面的要求。
3. 论文写作的注意事项：介绍论文写作的注意事项，包括如何避免抄袭、如何引用参考文献、如何进行论文查重等方面的内容。
八、讲座宣传1. 海报宣传：在学校宣传栏张贴讲座海报，宣传讲座的时间、地点和主题。
2. 班级宣传：通过学生会向各班级发送讲座通知，宣传讲座的时间、地点和主题。
3. 网络宣传：在学校官方网站、公众号等平台发布讲座通知，宣传讲座的时间、地点和主题。
九、讲座预算1. 场地租赁费用：[X]元2. 设备租赁费用：[X]元3. 主讲嘉宾费用：[X]元4. 宣传费用：[X]元5. 其他费用：[X]元十、注意事项1. 提前安排好讲座的场地和设备，确保讲座的顺利进行。
2. 邀请专业的主讲嘉宾，确保讲座的质量和效果。
3. 提前做好讲座的宣传工作，吸引更多的听众参与。
4. 讲座现场要安排专人负责签到、引导和服务工作，确保听众的安全和秩序。
5. 讲座结束后，要及时清理场地，保持环境整洁。
[策划人姓名][日期]篇二论文写作讲座策划书一、讲座主题“研”途有你，写作无忧二、讲座目的1. 帮助同学们了解论文写作的基本要求和规范，提高论文写作的质量和效率。
高考英语复习应用文写作练习与讲解0123(共三篇)讲义
高考英语应用文写作练习与讲解一、感谢信：演讲比赛帮助（2021学年第二学期杭州市髙一年级期末教学质量检测）假定你是李华，昨天你校举办了“我爱家乡”的英语演讲比赛，你获得了一等奖。
你的新加坡朋友Antony给予了你参赛指导，请你给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.告知消息；2.感谢帮助；3.邀请他来游玩。
注意：1.词数80左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
写作注意要点1.基本时态为一般过去时。
2.写作思路：三段论。
第一段交代写信目的——告知获奖（要点1）并表达感谢；第二段感谢帮助并说明理由（要点2）；第三段再次表达谢意并邀请来家乡游玩（要点3）。
【参考范文】Dear Antony,I hope this email finds you well. I have won the first prize in our school’s English speech contest themed with "I Love My Hometown". I am writing to extend my gratitude for your careful guidance.Without your help I would never have achieved such a good result.You taught me how to better organize my words, express my thoughts, and how to embrace the great challenges onstage. Not only did these skills contribute to my success in the petition, it also made a great difference to my growth.Words fail to express my thanks for your support and encouragement. I’d like to invite you to visit my hometown during the summer vacation. Best wishes! (114 words) Yours,Li Hua【中文翻译】亲爱的安东尼：见信好。
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写作技法点拨
【点评】 阅读以上文字，眼前仿 佛掠过一个镜头：江南三月里，杏花春 雨中，微风吹拂堤岸的柳丝，绵绵细雨 从颤颤的紫藤花间轻轻飘下，沾湿了缓 步行走的作者的衣襟，直到她的身影消 逝在远方的小巷……这一幅光韵流转的 画面，就定格在读者的脑海里。
写作技法点拨
(5)巧用题记法 题记是在文章题目下面、正文之前 的文字。它或牵引内容，或揭示主旨， 或交代写作缘起，或渲染气氛。一个精 彩的题记或生动形象或富含哲理，能使 文章锦上添花。 例如《我们的信念，我们的选择》 的开头： 我们可以不伟大，但我们庄严； 我们可以不永恒，但我们真诚； 我们可以不完美，但我们努力。 ——毕淑敏
写作技法点拨
【点评】 本文题目为‚好奇 心‛，作者在开头连用两个问句巧妙 地点明了自己的‚好奇‛，也勾起了 读者的好奇心。既点了题也激发了读 者阅读的兴趣，可谓一箭双雕。
高考经典示例
例 (2009年高考四川卷)请以“熟悉”为 题目，写一篇不少于800字的文章。立意 自定，文体自选。 【写作提示】 这是一道命题作文 题。所给的是一个大家熟悉的词语—— “熟悉‛。‚熟悉‛在《现代汉语词典(第 5版)》中的解释为‚知道得清楚‛。碰到 这类独词题，考生在审题时要将题目进 行适当的扩展，将其变成一个主谓宾齐 全的句子，这样内涵就会丰富起来，写
写作技法点拨
【点评】 作者选用了作家毕淑 敏《精神的三间小屋》中的一段话稍 作改造，作为题记，很好地诠释了 ‚选择，让生命发光；信念，让奇迹 产生‛的主题思想。
写作技法点拨
(6)制造悬念法 设置场景或连用问句，让读者一开始便 生发好奇感，也是一种很好的开篇方式。 例如《好奇心》的开头： 为什么？ 两个人都长年纪了，相距不过几米的距 离，有什么必要隔几分钟就喊一下？ 每次去奶奶家，这件事总是会勾起我的 好奇心。 (2008年高考江苏卷优秀作文)
写作技法点拨
【点评】 本文开篇运用了一组排 比，并且采用了反话正说的修辞，开篇 有气势且出语不凡，见解犀利。奠定了 全文的情感基调——针砭世态中为人所 不齿的行为，为下文树立正面形象和观 点埋下了伏笔。
写作技法点拨
又如2008年高考浙江卷优秀作文： 城市是妻子，乡村是母亲。 城市细致而又宁煦，是妻子手中暖 融融的毛衣，是万家灯火中的一抹温 馨；乡村粗糙而又温暖，是妈妈手上厚 厚的老茧，是万籁俱寂时的一声叹息。
写作技法点拨
俗话说：“好的开头便是成功的一 半。”写作亦然。一篇优秀的作文，除了 要在立意、构思、语言上吸引读者、感染 读者、打动读者外，也不可小觑开头艺 术。犹如一次丰富多彩的文艺演出，很讲 究闪亮登场，要紧紧地抓住观众的心，从 而使其欲罢不能，才能使其为之叹服。尤 其是考场作文，倘能别开生面的开头，给 阅读老师耳目一新之感，很能调动老师的 评阅积极性，往往就因这好的开端而使你 的作文得分上升一个得分档。
写作技法点拨
作文开头要注意以下几个方面： 一、作文开头的要素 我国元代乔梦符说，文章的开头要 像“凤头”。这种说法形象地说出好的 开头应具备的三个要素：
写作技法点拨
第一，要明。好的开头，要一下子 让读者知道你要说什么，也就是让读者 了解你的论点或话题，最好三言两语就 点明文章的基本观点或话题。白居易说 “首句标其目”，主张开宗明义。李涂 在《文章精义》里说：“文字起句发意 最好。”总之，要让读者知道你在谈哪 方面的问题，开篇知其旨意。
写作技法点拨
【点评】 本开头运用了设臵情景 法，对2008年5月12日汶川大地震来临 前的平静的常态生活和地震袭来那一刻 的地动山摇、山崩地陷进行了对照性的 描述，让人读之如临其境，从而真切地 感受到大地震给人们带来的灾难之巨 大、深重。
写作技法点拨
又如《消逝的江南》的开头： 缠绵柔软的雨丝，摩挲湖畔的小 路，青石板上光着脚丫奔跑的孩子；心 都被淋湿，苦苦寻着梦的地址，沉默的 三生石，刻着谁的名字；在雨巷中撑着 油纸伞独自徘徊，在阁楼上侧着身子听 嗒嗒的马蹄声的女子；粘住过客的思念 的风以及缠着我们留恋人世间的雨…… 曾经的江南，曾经的印象。
写作技法点拨
例如《禅悟》的开头： 菩提本无树，明镜亦非台。本来无 一物，何处惹尘埃？ 当五祖弘忍听到这首诗的时候，毅 然把宗位传给了慧能——这个曾被称为 小蛮的弟子，也缔造了六祖慧能普度千 人的神话。 (2008年高考山东卷优秀作文)
写作技法点拨
【点评】 本开头引用慧能的诗， 切合题目‚禅悟‛，进而展开更深一步 的分析和论证，开头非常巧妙自然。
真正的智者不是博而不精的涉猎， 那样只会庸人自扰。当心无旁骛地对一 个领域深入研究，达到无人能及的熟 悉，在熟悉中，万物法度便清晰简单。 中国自古就有“读书百遍，其义自 见”的训诫。当百遍的“咀嚼”之后， 才会熟悉文中意旨；当百遍的“消化” 之后，熟悉才会让其义自现。
高考经典示例
西方哲学家也说过“知道的越多，才 知道自己不知道的越多”。熟悉会让人明 白很多道理，熟悉会让人了解万物的法 度。 当司马迁熟悉了中华历史，才有了 《史记》的不朽；当李时珍熟悉了百草之 性，才有了《本草纲目》的伟大；当纪晓 岚熟悉了经史子集，才有了《四库全书》 的浩瀚。熟悉造就了华夏的辉煌，缔造了 民族的昌盛，成就了伟人的不朽。
写作技法点拨
第二，要美。只有美，才能达到吸引 读者的目的。文章开头的美，主要指技巧 美，富有文采，如“设悬念”、“用典 故”、“引名言”、“摆问题”、“亮靶 子”、“反弹法”等等。形式美是内容美 的保证，二者相辅相成。切不可低估文章 开头形式美、技巧美的作用，有了这种 美，才能先声夺人，吸引人看你的文章。 在这个意义上说，“好的开头是成功的一 半”。
写作技法点拨
二、作文的开头遵循的原则 1．向心性。开头必须与全文的主 要内容、中心思想紧密相联，为突出中 心服务。 2．简明性。语言要简洁优美，切 题要快，表达主题鲜明。
写作技法点拨
(1)开篇点题法 就是文章开头不转弯抹角，直截了 当地点明写作主题。这样的开头讲究要 言不烦，片言明旨，寥寥数语即能概括 全文内容，明题旨，摄魂魄。 例如《不要轻易说“不”》的开 头：
写作技法点拨
【点评】 本开头巧妙地用一曲西 关童谣入文，荡漾着浓浓的乡土气息， 令人如闻其声，如归故里。在读者浮想 联翩、荡起情感的涟漪之际，作者顺势 提出自己的思考——“这种气息，究竟 能传递多少代呢？它能生生不息吗？‛ 扣题很准且发人深思。
写作技法点拨
(4)设置情景法 传神逼真的场景刻画，可用来渲染、烘 托气氛，这样开启文章，能让读者产生身临 其境之感，迅速地进入阅读的氛围之中。 例如《国殇之后，唯有坚强》的开头： 北纬31度，东经103.4度，汶川，一个全 国人大都不熟悉的地名闯入了我们的视野。
高考经典示例
出来的文章就不至于空泛无物。对于本 作文题，每个考生都有话可说，但相对 而言，一个让考生都有话可说的作文 题，要想写出彩并非易事，这就需要考 生在构思立意、行文结构、素材运用、 遣词造句等方面有所突破。考生应多加 留意考场作文中的亮点，如贴切的题 目、引人入胜的开头、点明主旨的话、 优美顺畅的语言、耐人寻味的结尾、整 洁的卷面等。
写作技法点拨
2003年，那一场没有硝烟的“非 典”战争，我国人民凭着坚定的信念战 胜了；2007年底，突如其来的冰雪席卷 了南方众多省市，我国人民万众一心、 众志成城地战胜了残酷的冰雪；2008 年，大地无情的一次震动，时间被定格 在2008年5月12日14时28分，大地无情 人有情，我国人民依然团结奋斗，凭着 必胜的信念，让人们的心不再颤抖，让 人们以足够的爱和勇气战胜这场震灾！ (2008年高考全国卷Ⅰ优秀作文)
写作技法点拨
第三，要简。简洁是明朗的保证，也就 是指文章开头要切题快，表达主题鲜明，给 人印象突出，最好三两句成段，引出论点或 话题。有的考生在写材料作文时，喜欢把原 材料复述一下，这就太啰嗦了。既要从原材 料说起，又不能复述原材料，怎么办？办法 有两个：一是对原材料“一言以蔽之”；一 是选取原材料中一句有代表性的话，让读者 知道原材料大致是个什么意思就行了，千万 不要较多地引述原材料。
高考经典示例
心无旁骛地研究，才能有无人能及 的熟悉，才能造就千古流传的功绩。冷 僻枯燥的文字没有阻止住他钻研的脚 步，孤独凄凉的大漠没有停止住他探访 的脚步，冷嘲热讽的眼光没有动摇过他 追寻的信心。当他对西域一种即将失传 的文字达到无人能及的熟悉时，人们毫 不吝惜地把“国学大师”的称号赠予了 季羡林先生。
写作技法点拨
5月12日，原本是极其普通的一 天。孩子们正坐在课桌前，商店老板们 正在纳客，出租车司机驾驶着车辆，做 工的、种田的、炒股论经的、开会筹划 的……一切都是那样的常态。 14时28分。一场突如其来的地动山 摇，震垮了四川汶川，也摇动了半个亚 洲。 这一刻，山崩地陷，江河呜咽。 (2008年高考四川卷优秀作文)
写作技法点拨
再如《五月粽香传》的开头： “氹氹转，菊花园，炒米饼，糯米 团。五月初五系龙舟节呀，阿妈叫我去 睇龙船……”磁带在转，很旧的歌了， 但我仍喜欢这种古老的味道。外面下着 雨，打湿了西关的石板街，落入了水 珠，朦胧了荔枝湾，敲响了竹叶……而 这种气息，究竟能传递多少代呢？它能 生生不息吗？ (2007年高考广东卷优秀作文)
高考经典示例
【佳作典例】 熟 悉 四川考生 智者无为，愚人自缚。心若不异，万 法一如。 ——禅宗三祖僧璨大法师《信心铭》 我们惊叹太白清新飘逸的诗句，那是 因为他熟悉中华的经典；我们欣赏郎朗悠 扬婉转的琴声，那是因为他熟悉黑白的键 盘；我们感叹哥白尼的发现，那是因为他 熟悉浩瀚的宇宙。
高考经典示例
高考经典示例
在作文时，估计大多数考生会选择 写自己熟悉的人或事，这就需要在人或 事的选择上下工夫——如果写父母、老 师或者生活小事等，就需要以情动人； 如果写一个熟悉的场景、一种熟悉的声 音、一本熟悉的书等，就需要选择独特 的切入点。当然，考生也可以‚实题虚 写‛，写熟悉的感觉、熟悉的爱等，只 要能写出真情实感即可。