2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类(3)
英语阅读理解 philosophy
英语阅读理解philosophy摘要：I.引言- 介绍英语阅读理解的背景和重要性- 提及哲学在英语阅读理解中的地位II.哲学的定义和分类- 哲学的定义- 哲学的分类III.哲学在英语阅读理解中的应用- 提高阅读理解能力- 培养批判性思维- 拓宽知识面IV.哲学阅读材料的类型- 经典哲学著作- 当代哲学论文- 哲学评论和分析V.哲学阅读理解的方法- 深入阅读和理解文本- 思考和讨论重要观点- 批判性分析和评价观点VI.结论- 总结哲学在英语阅读理解中的重要性- 强调哲学阅读理解对个人成长和发展的贡献正文：英语阅读理解是英语学习者必须掌握的重要技能，对于拓宽知识面、提高思维能力和培养批判性思维具有重要作用。
在英语阅读理解的材料中，哲学类文本具有很高的价值和地位。
哲学是一门研究人类本质、世界观、价值观和思维方式的学科，涉及多个领域，如伦理学、政治学、心理学和美学等。
哲学的定义可以理解为对基本问题的探究，这些问题可能没有明确的答案，但通过对这些问题的思考和讨论，我们可以更深入地理解人类自身和所处的世界。
哲学在英语阅读理解中的应用体现在以下几个方面：1.提高阅读理解能力：哲学类文本往往具有较高的语言难度和抽象性，通过阅读哲学文本，学习者可以锻炼自己的阅读理解能力，提高对复杂句型和抽象概念的理解水平。
2.培养批判性思维：哲学强调对观点和论证进行批判性分析和评价，通过阅读哲学文本，学习者可以学会独立思考问题，对所读内容进行深入分析和评价，从而培养批判性思维能力。
3.拓宽知识面：哲学涉及众多领域，通过阅读哲学类文本，学习者可以拓宽自己的知识面，增加对各个领域的了解和认识。
哲学阅读材料可以分为经典哲学著作、当代哲学论文和哲学评论和分析等类型。
经典哲学著作包括亚里士多德的《伦理学》、庄子的《庄子》等，这些著作代表了各个时期哲学思考的高度成就。
当代哲学论文和评论则反映了当今哲学研究的前沿动态。
阅读哲学类文本时，可以采用以下方法：1.深入阅读和理解文本：对于哲学类文本，需要逐字逐句进行阅读，确保对文本内容有全面、深入的理解。
2017年考研英语一阅读
2017年考研英语一阅读2017年考研英语一阅读理解真题及答案解析：Text 1Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.On a warm spring afternoon, the buzz of conversation in the staff room gives way to the quiet rustle of pages being turned. The staff members are all deep in the act of reading. Some are scanning the text with a critical eye, others are speed-reading, and a few are slowing down to consider every word. The scene is not taking place in a literacy program or a book group, but in a staff development day at a public high school in New York City.The staff development day is part of a growing movement to bring reading into the professional world. As libraries become less and less of a haven for self-study and more of a collaborative workspace, the practice of reading for work is fast becoming as essential as the practice of reading for pleasure. “When I started working, I thought:‘I don’t have time to read,’” says Librarian Nancy Pearl. “But when I realized how much I was missing, I made reading part of my work r outine.”For many professionals, the value of reading isn’t just about job performance. It’s about professional development and personal growth. “I read books that are outside my area—books that would never appear on my radar—and they often lead me to new ideas and directions,” says Dr. Jackie Jenkins-Scott, a former president of Bentley University. “Reading has been fundamental to my leadership development.”But the benefits of reading go well beyond personal growth. A recent study by researchers at the University of Texas at Austin found that employees who read for 30 minutes before work performed better at their jobs than those who didn’t read. “Reading has been shown to increase fluency,词汇理解，and knowledge retention,” says psychologist Pamela Rutledge. “It can also improve decision-making ability and creativity.”The key to making reading work in your professional life is to be intentional about it. Don’t read aimlessly, hoping that somehow the information will sink in. Set aside dedicated reading time and make sure you’re always learning something new. Also, consider making some professional reading resolutions, such as reading a book every two weeks or参加行业相关的会议 or joining professional organizations that have regular meetings. Finally, consider sharing what you read with your colleagues to foster more meaningful discussion within your organization.The value of professional reading is not about indulging in the latest industry trends or keeping up with the latest news; it’s about growing as a professional and making better decisions. As Nancy Pearl puts it, “Reading is not just about finding new information—it’s about finding better ways of doing things and understanding life better.” So, the next time you find yourself with some extra time on your hands, consider picking up a book instead of checking Facebook for the umpteenth time. Your career might just benefit from it.26. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. The importance of reading in one’s professional life.B. The benefits of reading for personal growth.C. The decline of libraries as study places.D. The trend of holding reading groups in high schools.27. Why did the author mention the staff development day in New York City?A. To stress the importance of teamwork in libraries.B. To show the value of reading in a professional setting.C. To promote the idea of holding more literacy programs.D. To encourage more high schools to offer staff development courses.28. What does Dr. Jackie Jenkins-Scott say about reading?A. It helps her stay abreast of the latest developments in her field.B. It broadens her horizons and enhances her leadership skills.C. It enables her to easily obtain necessary information for her work.D. It makes her more creative and better equipped for challenges.29. What does Pamela Rutledge say about reading?A. It improves one’s cognitive abilities.B. It enhances one’s problem-solving skills.C. It boosts one’s creativity and innovationD. It helps one stay focused at work.30. What is the key to making read ing work in one’s professional life according to the passage?A. Reading more books written by famous authorsB. Reading books that are easy to understandC. Sticking to traditional ways of doing thingsD. Intending to learn something from reading。
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：法学类(5)
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：法学类（5）暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。
这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。
英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。
下面凯程在线和大家分享法学类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：法学类（5）Every time Americans tune into local news broadcasts or read daily papers，they are likely to be shocked at the increasing number of serious crimes committed by youths who are only sixteen years old or even younger.It is sometimes difficult to imagine these youngsters behaving like hardened criminals，but statistics continually prove that their crimes are often just as brutal as those committed by their adult counterparts.Inevitably，people begin questioning how successful the juvenile justice system is in reforming these youths and debating whether violent juveniles should be tried as adults in our legal system.I feel there is no question that juveniles convicted of serious crimes should face the same consequences as adults.While the teenage population in the United States has declined over the past decade，violent crimes committed by juveniles have sharply increased.It is common knowledge that the youth murder-arrest rate has climbed dramatically.Examples of teen crime are vivid and terrifying.Newspapers and television frequently report that youths with no apparent motives have shot and killed other people.The effect on both families and society is large.Despite the increase in serious crimes committed by young offenders，the punishment which juveniles receive has traditionally almost never fit the severity of the crimes.Since the system has historically viewed children as not being fully developed，physically or mentally，it has prevented them from being held accountable for their wrongdoing.Although many of these“children”commit horrible crimes，they have been routinely treated as victims of society.Until very recently，1ighter sentences and court proceedings have been the norm.The message they sent to serious juvenile criminals is that crime “pays”because there are no serious consequences for their actions.When the system lacks an element of fear，there is nothing to prevent youthful offenders from committing future crimes.The current trend of assigning adult sentences to youths who commit serious crimes is absolutely just if the punishment is to fit the crime.Most pro-rehabilitation advocates argue that juvenile criminals are completely different from adult ones and should，therefore，be treated differently in the justice system.However，the cost to society is the same regardless of the age of the criminal.What comfort does it give to the family of a killed or injured victim that the person who killed or hurt their loved one was a minor? Families suffer no less because their relatives are shot by young offenders.Instead of treating the loser who murders innocent people like a victim of society，this person should be treated like any other person who victimizes society and causes pain to individuals and communities.Tougher measures must be taken to combat this growing problem of juvenile crime.In today‘s society，too many juveniles count on light sentences given by the juvenile justice wyers can help a vicious criminal receive a short sentence，and return to the streets tocommit more crimes.When there are no harsh consequences of being caught，committing crimes can be perceived as having positive benefits.As a result，juveniles are continuing to become more violent and 1ess concerned with the value of human life.Rehabilitation，recommended by many as the solution to juvenile crime，should be directed only towards youths who have committed minor offenses.However，the juveniles who commit serious crimes should be tried as adults.A message has to be sent that we will no longer tolerate brutal crimes simply because of the age of the criminal.These youths must be held completely accountable for their crimes，suffering harsh consequences and ultimately realizing that they are no longer protected by the law.1.It can be inferred that juvenile criminals are those____.[A]who are under the age of 16 years old[B]who are not accountable for the crimes they commit[C]who can not tell major crimes from minor crimes[D]who are more likely to become victims of the society2.That violent juvenile crimes are on the rise is manifested by the fact that____.[A]penalty for juvenile criminals is becoming more and more serious[B]the society can no longer tolerate juvenile crimes[C]youth murder-arrest rate has dramatically increased[D]the young population has increased in the last ten years3.The reason why young people are becoming increasingly violent is that____.[A]the older they become，the stronger they are[B]they receive lighter punishment than they should[C]they do not know the value of human life[D]there is now too much violence in newspaper and on television4.According to the author，one reason why violent juvenile criminals should suffer the same fate as their adult counterparts is that____.[A]there are as many juvenile crimes as adult crimes[B]they have done equivalent injuries to the victim or the society[C]they are clearly aware of what they are doing at the time of offence[D]no other penalty can prevent them from committing future crimes5.Pro-rehabilitation advocates insist that____.[A]rehabilitation be directed only towards youths who commit minor crimes[B]stricter sentences be given only to youths who commit brutal crimes[C]a different justice system be applied to minors since they are not fully developed[D]minors be held completely responsible for any kind of crimes they commit答案与题解1.[A] 参阅第一段第一句。
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类(2)
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类（2）暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。
这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。
英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。
下面凯程在线和大家分享哲学类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
In this week's Nature，a group of zoologists led by Andrew Whiten of the University of St Andrews in Scotland and Christophe Boesch of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig，Germany，have provided that evidence. They have synthesised the results from seven chimpanzee-research centres scattered across Africa，and shown that chimps can，indeed，do more than just pass on the odd behaviour pattern here and there. Individual groups of chimps exhibit behavioural“complexes'' that are recognisably different from those of other groups，yet seem to have no connection with environmental or genetic differences between the groups. If that is not culture，it is difficult to think what is.The problem that confronted Dr Whiten and Dr Boesch was how to disentangle which of chimpanzees' many behaviour patterns are genetically instinctive，which are learnt by individuals in isolation (and so are not cultural，because not copied from others) and which are culturally transmitted (by animals copying one another)。
2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析
2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析2017年考研英语考试已经结束!店铺考研网在考后第一时间为大家提供2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语一阅读真题及答案解析大家也做了题，也发现今年题目并没有传说中那么难，四篇阅读理解前面三篇中等，不是很难。
第四篇和法律有关的文章大家觉得有点难度。
我今年也去考试了，这就是我的证据。
但是我的反面抄了一些答案，当然有些监考不让抄答案，我很潦草地抄了一些，想看它的难度和我们平常所学的能否挂钩。
前三篇不难，第四篇难度和法律相关，有点像2013年的地四篇文章。
其实这篇文章我刚才查了一下原版出处是CNN里的，推翻了弗吉尼亚前州长贪污罪，他是无辜的。
都是英国美国文章居多。
美国有三篇文章。
第一篇是美国机场安检特别浪费时间。
今年特点是有七八个自然段，不是往年一样四五个自然段。
第一道题，这是一个力争题，往年考题也这么说，通过所谓关键词定位方法无效，一定要把握主要内容是讲什么。
这是讲我们目前为什么有必要进行严格的安全检查。
因为埃及航空公司受到了恐怖袭击，在地中海上空受到恐怖主义袭击。
所以现在要严格安检。
这道词选解释作用。
第二题是上面哪个能够解释为什么美国机场排队队伍很长很长。
这道题文章里给了好几个解释。
第一个原因是因为我们现在经济比较好，机票比较便宜，所以很多人愿意排队。
大家都愿意坐飞机，不愿意开车、不愿意坐火车。
导致排队队伍很长。
第二个原因是有些人要打包，第三段里说的，包裹需要检查，有些人打了好多包，为了逃避托运费。
导致排队比较长。
还有一个这里所说的安检效率降低。
但是我们按照前面的最重要的原因，还是因为美国政府没有注意到现在出行坐飞机的人增多了，导致速度减慢。
这是我们飞机出行人员增加。
23题是猜词题，我们不管上基础课、强化课还是单向课，有我的模糊阅读班，猜词题不能相信所谓构词法，按照EX这个单词是出去的意思。
这里EX给人错觉是出去的意思，但是根据上下文是希望安检越快越好。
2017考研英语一阅读理解Text-3真题及答案解析
Text 3Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.The question of GDP and its usefulness has annoyed policymakers for over half a century. Many argue that it is a flawed concept. It measures things that do not matter and misses things that do. By most recent measures, the UK’s GDP has been the envy of the Western world, with record low unemployment and high growth figures. If everything was going so well, then why did over 17 million people vote for Brexit, despite the warnings about what it could do to their country’s economic prospects?A recent annual study of countries and their ability to convert growth into well-being sheds some light on that question. Across the 163 countries measured, the UK is one of the poorest performers in ensuring that economic growth is translated into meaningful improvements for its citizens. Rather than just focusing on GDP, over 40 different sets of criteria from health, education and civil society engagement have been measured to get a more rounded assessment of how countries are performing.While all of these countries face their own challenges , there are a number of consistent themes . Yes , there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash , but in key indicators in areas such as health and education , major economies have continued to decline . Yet this isn’t the case with all countries . Some relatively poor European countries have1 / 5seen huge improvements across measures including civil society , income equality and the environment.This is a lesson that rich countries can learn : When GDP is no longer regarded as the sole measure of a country’s success, the world looks very different .So, what Kennedy was referring to was that while GDP has been the most common method for measuring the economic activity of nations , as a measure , it is no longer enough . It does not include important factors such as environmental quality or education outcomes –all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.The sharp hit to growth predicted around the world and in the UK could lead to a decline in the everyday services we depend on for our well-being and for growth . But policymakers who refocus efforts on improving well-being rather than simply worrying about GDP figures could avoid the forecasted doom and may even see progress .31.Robert F. Kennedy is cited because he ______.[A]praised the UK for its GDP.[B]identified GDP with happiness .[C]misinterpreted the role of GDP .[D]had a low opinion of GDP .【答案】D2 / 5【解析】答案为D。
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：教育类(10)
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：教育类（10）暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。
这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。
英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。
下面凯程在线和大家分享教育类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：教育类（10）There was a time when big-league university presidents really mattered. The New York Times covered their every move. Presidents，the real ones，sought their counsel. For Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower，being head of Princeton and Columbia，respectively，was a stepping-stone to the White House. Today，though，the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady (except the house calls are made to the doorsteps of wealthy alums)。
Ruth Simmons，the newly installed president of Brown University and the first African American to lead an Ivy League school，is a throwback to the crusading campus leaders of old. She doesn't merely marshal funds; she invests them in the great educational causes of our day. With the more than $300 million she raised as president of Smith College from 1995 to 2001，Simmons established an engineering program (the first at any women's school) and added seminars focused on public speaking to purge the ubiquitous “likes”and “ums”from the campus idiom. At a meeting to discuss the future of Smith's math department，one professor timidly requested two more discussion sections for his course. Her response：“Dream bigger.”Her own dream was born in a sharecropper's shack in East Texas where there was no money for books or toys——she and her 11 siblings each got an apple，an orange and 10 nuts for Christmas. Though she was called on her walk to school，entering the classroom，she says，“was like waking up.”When Simmons won a scholarship to Dillard University，her high school teachers took up a collection so she'd have a coat. She went on to Harvard to earn a Ph.D. in Romance languages.Simmons has made diversity her No. 1 campus crusade. She nearly doubled the enrollment of black freshmen at Smith，largely by traveling to high schools in the nation's poorest ZIP codes to recruit. Concerned with the lives of minority students once they arrive at school，she has fought to ease the racial standoffs that plague so many campuses. At Smith she turned down a request by students to have race-specific dorms. In 1993，while vice provost at Princeton，she wrote a now famous report recommending that the university establish an office of conflict resolution to defuse racial misunderstandings before they boiled over.Her first task at Brown will be to heal one such rupture last spring after the student paper published an incendiary ad by conservative polemicist David Horowitz arguing that blacks economically benefited from slavery. “There's no safe ground for anybody in race relations，but campuses，unlike any other institution in our society，provide the opportunity to cross racial lines，”says Simmons. “And even if you're hurt，you can't walk away. You have to walk overthat line.”注(1)：本文选自Time; 9/17/2001，V ol. 158 Issue 12，p70，1p，1c注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题text 2.1. What does the author intend to illustrate with the example of Woodrow Wilson and Dwight Eisenhower?[A]The president of the first-class university was really very important.[B]The presidents gave them some good advice.[C]The presidents of the university could easily go to the white house.[D]The presidents had more power and authority than Avon ladies.2. What can we infer from the second paragraph?[A]Simmons was an old crusading campus leader.[B]Simmons wanted to expand her university.[C]Simmons knew well about how to invest the money.[D]Simmons was a competent and ambitious president.3. The 4th paragraph mainly talks about _________.[A]Simmons greatly sympathized the black people.[B]Simmons wanted to diversify her university.[C]Simmons made a great effort to solve the racial problems.[D]Simmons never neglect the racial problems.4. What does the author mean by “the job of college president is less and less removed from that of the Avon lady”(Line 4，Paragraph 1)?[A]College president can get their position with the help of Avon lady.[B]The jobs of college president and Avon lady are quite similar.[C]College presidents got inspiration from the job of the Avon lady.[D]The jobs of college presidents and the Avon lady should be separated.5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Simmons had successfully solved the racial problems.[B]Simmons owed her success to her high school teachers.[C]Simmons didn't like “likes”and “ums”in campus idioms.[D]Simmons asked her professor to be more ambitious and aggressive.答案：ADCBD。
2017年考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案（三）
2017年考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案（三）店铺考研网为大家提供2017年考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案(三)，更多考研资讯请关注我们网站的更新!2017年考研英语阅读理解练习题及答案(三)RichardBurton probably knew nothing of the small South African town of Cullinan whenhe bought yet another chunky diamond for Elizabeth Taylor in 1969. Now theCullinan mine itself, like so many of the diamonds unearthed there, is about tochange hands. On November 22nd De Beers, the diamond giant that has owned themine since 1930, said it was selling it to a consortium led by Petra Diamonds,one of South Africa’s emerging diamond producers, for 1 billion rand in cash. Providedregulators approve the deal, the transfer should take place by the middle ofnext year.De Beers isselling because the mine is no longer profitable, despite attempts to turn itaround. But Petra reckons the mine still has another 20 years of production init and plans to extract at least 1m carats a year. The unexploited"Centenary Cut" deposit, which lies under the existing mine, couldyield a lot more. This is good news for the mine’s 1,000 or so employees and forthe town, which has depended on the diamond business since Sir Thomas Cullinandiscovered a prospect there in 1898 that contained kimberlite, a rock that canbe rich in diamonds. The mine, established in 1903, is one of 30 or sokimberlite diamond mines in the world, and is believed to be still the world’s second-most-valuable diamondresourcePetra is arelatively small outfit, listed on London’s Alternative Investment Market,that specialises in buying mines that bigger companies see as marginal. Itstrick is to extract better returns by rationalising production and processing,and keepingoperating costs and overheads down. Petra has already bought two ofDe Beers’s loss-making South African mines-both of which are now profitable-and isfinalising the 78.5m rand acquisition of the group’s underground operation in Kimberley,which stopped working in 2005.It alreadyoperates four mines in South Africa and has promising exploration in Angola (ajoint-venture with BHP Billiton), Sierra Leone and Botswana. Petra expects toproduce over 1m carats by 2010-quite a jump from 180,474 carats in the year toJune. The company has yet to make a profit, but expects to be making money bythe middle of next year.In the 1990sDe Beers decided that it was no longer a good idea to try to monopolise thediamond market. It started focusing on higher returns rather than market share,and has been revamping its mine portfolio, selling off mines that are no longerprofitable and investing in more enticing operations, such as its mine off thewest coast of South Africa, its Voorspoed operation in the Free State province,and two new mines in Canada.This hasopened the way for a new class of diamond firm that operates in the vast middleground between the world’s handful of large producers and a multitude of much smaller explorationfirms. The Cullinan deal should entrench Petra in this middle tier, alongsidefirms such as Kimberley Diamond and Trans Hex. But even if it does reach itstarget of 1m carats a year, Petra will still not be able to match the sparkleof the giants. Last year De Beers produced 51m carats from its mines inBotswana, Namibia, South Africa and Tanzania, which amounted to 40% of theworld’s diamonds by va lue.1. TheCullinan mine was named after_____.[A] theoriginal name of the town[B] the nameof its first owner[C] the nameof its discoverer[D] the nameof the town’s first colonist2. Whichone of the following statements is TRUE of the Cullinan mine?[A] The mineis the only business of the town which employs most of the local residents[B] It can bemined for another 20 years given Petra’s advanced technology[C] It is theworld’s second largest diamond mine with a yearly capacity of 1m carats[D] Whetherthe mine will maintain its profitability is yet to know.3. Petra’s opearting philosophy can be said as _____.[A] to makeprofits by reducing the costs[B] toexploit the surrounding areas of an existing mine[C] tointegrate the resources of all the money-losing small mines[D] torestructure the mine portfolio and to optimize the process management4. De Beershas made changes on its development stratege because_____.[A] it plansto shrink its market share and ends its long-term monopoly[B] it wantsto open the way for the middle tier of diamond market[C] itswitches its attention to making larger profits[D] it wantsto turn around the loss-making mines by cooperating with companies of smallersize.5. Thefuture of the new class of diamond firm is _____.[A] promising[B] dim[C] unknown[D]frustrating文章剖析：文章从Petra公司收购矿产为契因，介绍了钻石矿业新兴的一个中间阶层。
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案
2017考研英语阅读理解真题及答案下面是为大家整理的考研英语阅读理解真题，希望对大家有所帮助。
Text 1A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured people's cortisol ， which is it at stress marker，while they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge.“Further contradicting conventional wisdom， we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home，” writes one of the researchers. Sarah Damaske，In fact women say they feel better a t work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being happier at home than at work，” Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with children without， but more so for nonparents. This is why people who work outside the home have better health.What the study doesn't measure is whether people are still doing work when they' re at home， whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men，the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home， they never get to leave the office. And for women who work outside the home， they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles， and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women， it' s not surprising that women are more stressed at home.But it's not just a gender thing. At work， people pretty much know what they're supposed to be doing： working， making money， doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure： Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola.On the home front， however， people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done， there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; they need to be talked into it， or if they' re teenagers，threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus， they' re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home.So it's not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks apparently infinite， the co-workers are much harder to motivate.21.According to Paragraph 1，most previous surveys found that home ______.[A]was an unrealistic place for relaxation[B]generated more stress than the workplace[C]was an ideal place for stress measurement[D]offered greater relaxation than the workplace22.According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home?[A]Working mothers[B]Childless husbands[C] Childless wives[D]Working fathers23 The blurring of working women's roles refers to the fact that ______.[A]they are both bread winners and housewives[B]their home is also a place for kicking back[C]there is often much housework left behind[D]it is difficult for them to leave their office24.The word“moola”(Line 4，Para 4)most probably means ______.[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition25.The home front differs from the workplace in that ______.[A]home is hardly a cozier working environment[B]division of labor at home is seldom clear-cut[C]household tasks are generally more motivating[D]family labor is often adequately rewarded【参考答案】21. D 22. B 23. A 24. C 25. B【主要内容】本文主要讲述工作环境压力问题。
【2017暑期版】每日一道高考题：阅读理解D篇（含答案和解析）
【2017暑期版】每日一道高考题：阅读理解D篇（含答案和解析）Genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains.所谓天才就是不断地承受痛苦。
答题时间：2017高考英语真题北京卷（阅读理解D篇）Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics（控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpo se which we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve itsown existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformationof these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.67. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may .A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician68. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to .A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches69. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to .A. help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world70. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.【答案】67. A 68. A 69. D 70. C【解析】本文主要介绍了人工智能。
2017年考研英语真题与翻译
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter.In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold, and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 .“Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feeling that others are there to help 16 difficulty.”Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone”18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology.拥抱可以使医生远离我们吗？答案也许是响亮的“是的”。
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类(12)
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类（12）暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。
这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。
英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。
下面凯程在线和大家分享哲学类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类（12）The past ages of man have all been carefully labeled by anthropologists. Descriptions like ‘Palaeolithic Man’，‘Neolithic Man’，etc.，neatly sum up whole periods. When the time comes for anthropologists to turn their attention to the twentieth century，they will surely choose the label ‘Legless Man’。
Histories of the time will go something like this：‘in the twentieth century，people forgot how to use their legs. Men and women moved about in cars，buses and trains from a very early age. There were lifts and escalators in all large buildings to prevent people from walking. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of their extraordinary way of life. This situation was forced upon earth dwellers of that time because of their extraordinary way of life. In those days，people thought nothing of traveling hundreds of miles each day. But the surprising thing is that they didn’t use their legs even when they went on holiday. They built cable railways，ski-lifts and roads to the top of every huge mountain. All the beauty spots on earth were marred by the pr esence of large car parks. ‘The future history books might also record that we were deprived of the use of our eyes. In our hurry to get from one place to another，we failed to see anything on the way. Air travel gives you a bird‘s-eye view of the world –or even less if the wing of the aircraft happens to get in your way. When you travel by car or train a blurred image of the countryside constantly smears the windows. Car drivers，in particular，are forever obsessed with the urge to go on and on：they never want to stop. Is it the lure of the great motorways，or what? And as for sea travel，it hardly deserves mention. It is perfectly summed up in the words of the old song：’I joined the navy to see the world，and what did I see? I saw the sea.‘The typical twentieth-century traveler is the man who always says ’I‘ve been there. ’You mention the remotest，most evocative place-names in the world like El Dorado，Kabul，Irkutsk and someone is bound to say ‘I’ve been there‘–meaning，’I drove through it at 100 miles an hour on the way to somewhere else. ‘When you travel at high speeds，the present means nothing：you live mainly in the future because you spend most of your time looking forward to arriving at some other place. But actual arrival，when it is achieved，is meaningless. You want to move on again. By traveling like this，you suspend all experience; the present ceases to be a reality：you might just as well be dead. The traveler on foot，on the other hand，lives constantly in the present. For him traveling and arriving are one and the same thing：he arrives somewhere with every step he makes. He experiences the present moment with his eyes，his ears and the whole of his body. At the end ofhis journey he feels a delicious physical weariness. He knows that sound. Satisfying sleep will be his：the just reward of all true travellers.1、Anthropologists label nowaday‘s men ’Legless‘becauseA people forget how to use his legs.B people prefer cars，buses and trains.C lifts and escalators prevent people from walking.D there are a lot of transportation devices.2、Travelling at high speed meansA people‘s focus on the future.B a pleasure.C satisfying drivers‘great thrill.D a necessity of life.3、Why does the author say ‘we are deprived of the use of our eyes’?A People won‘t use their eyes.B In traveling at high speed，eyes become useless.C People can‘t see anything on his way of travel.D People want to sleep during travelling.4、What is the purpose of the author in writing this passage?A Legs become weaker.B Modern means of transportation make the world a small place.C There is no need to use eyes.D The best way to travel is on foot.5. What does ‘a bird’s-eye view‘mean?A See view with bird‘s eyes.B A bird looks at a beautiful view.C It is a general view from a high position looking down.D A scenic place.VOCABULARY1.Palaeolithic 旧石器时代的2.Neolithic 新石器时代的3.escalator 自动电梯，自动扶梯4.ski-lift 载送滑雪者上坡的装置5.mar 损坏，毁坏6.blur 模糊不清，朦胧7.smear 涂，弄脏，弄模糊(尤指画面、轮廓等)8.evocative 引起回忆的，唤起感情的9.El Dorado (由当时西班牙征服者想象中的南美洲)黄金国，宝山，富庶之乡10.Kabul 喀布尔(阿富汗首都)11.Irkutsk 伊尔库茨克(原苏联亚洲城市)难句译注与答案详解The only way to travel is on foot 旅游的唯一方法是走路难句译注1.Air travel gives you a bird‘s-eye view of the world –or even if the wing of the aircrafthappens to get in your way.【参考译文】飞机旅行，你只可俯视世界――如果机翼碰巧挡住了你的视线，就看得更少了。
2017年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I U se of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population.1 homelessness has reached such proportions that local governments can’t possibly 2. To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the number of Americans who are homeless. Estimates6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million.7 the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is 8. One of the federal government’s studies 9 thatthe number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. 11 when homeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 thestreet. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have seriousmental disorders. Many others, 14 not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives16. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation willimprove only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless. 18 Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, 19 it, “There has to be 20 of programs. What’s needed is a package deal.”1. [A] Indeed[B] Likewise[C] Therefore[D] Furthermore2. [A] stand[B] cope[C] approve[D] retain3. [A] in[B] for[C] with[D] toward4. [A] raise[B] add[C] take[D] keep5. [A] generally[B] almost[C] hardly[D] not6. [A] cover[B] change[C] range[D] differ7. [A] Now that[B] Although[C] Provided[D] Except that8. [A] inflating[B] expanding[C] increasing[D] extending9. [A] predicts[B] displays[C] proves[D] discovers10. [A] assist[B] track[C] sustain[D] dismiss11. [A] Hence[B] But[C] Even[D] Only12. [A] lodging[B] shelter[C] dwelling[D] house13. [A] searching[B] strolling[C] crowding[D] wandering14. [A] when[B] once[C] while[D] whereas15. [A] life[B] existence[C] survival[D] maintenance16. [A] around[B] over[C] on[D] up17. [A] complex[B] comprehensive[C] complementary[D] compensating18. [A] So[B] Since[C] As[D] Thus19. [A] puts[B] interprets[C] assumes[D] makes20. [A] supervision[B] manipulation[C] regulation[D] coordinationSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In spite of “endless talk of difference,” American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference” characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption” launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite,” these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.” The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation -- language, home ownership and intermarriage.The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English ‘well’or ‘very well’ after ten years of residence.” The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a “graveyard” for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.21. The word “homogenizing” (Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means________.[A] identifying[B] associating[C] assimilating[D] monopolizing22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century________.[A] played a role in the spread of popular culture[B] became intimate shops for common consumers[C] satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite[D] owed its emergence to the culture of consumption23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. ________.[A] are resistant to homogenization[B] exert a great influence on American culture[C] are hardly a threat to the common culture[D] constitute the majority of the population24. Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned inParagraph 5?[A] To prove their popularity around the world.[B] To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.[C] To give examples of successful immigrants.[D] To show the powerful influence of American culture.25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into Americansociety is ________.[A] rewarding[B] successful[C] fruitless[D] harmfulText 2Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus -- and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side -- don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that ________.[A] the townsfolk deny the RSC’s contribution to the town’s revenue[B] the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage[C] the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms[D] the townsfolk earn little from tourism27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ________.[A] the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately[B] the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers[C] the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers[D] the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally” (Line 2-3, Paragraph4), the author implies that ________.[A] Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects[B] Stratford has long been in financial difficulties[C] the town is not really short of money[D] the townsfolk used to be poorly paid29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because________.[A] ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending[B] the company is financially ill-managed[C] the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable[D] the theatre attendance is on the rise30. From the text we can conclude that the author ________.[A] is supportive of both sides[B] favors the townsfolk’s view[C] takes a detached attitude[D] is sympathetic to the RSCText 3When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomassof large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.Dr. Worm acknowledges that these figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baseline.” The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that________.[A] large animal were vulnerable to the changing environment[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared[C] large sea animals may face the same threat today[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that ________.[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reducedby 90%[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the originalamount[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheriesthan in the old33. By saying "these figures are conservative" (Line 1, paragraph 3),Dr. Worm means that ________.[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller than recorded[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss[D] the data collected so far are out of date34. Dr. Myers and other researchers hold that ________.[A] people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time[B] fisheries should keep their yields below 50% of the biomass[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level[D] people should adjust the fishing baseline to the changingsituation35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’________.[A] management efficiency[B] biomass level[C] catch-size limits[D] technological applicationText 4Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists’ only job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.This wasn’t always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere from the 19th century onward, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring, as we went from Wordsworth’s daffodils to Baudelaire’s flowers of evil.You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it’s not as if earlier times didn’t know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.Today the messages the average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda -- to lure us to open our wallets -- they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. “Celebrate!”commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.But what we forget -- what our economy depends on us forgetting -- is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need art to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It’s a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.36. By citing the examples of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the authorintends to show that ________.[A] poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music[B] art grows out of both positive and negative feelings[C] poets today are less skeptical of happiness[D] artists have changed their focus of interest37. The word “bummer”(Line 5, paragraph 5) most probably meanssomething ________.[A] religious[B] unpleasant[C] entertaining[D] commercial38. In the author’s opinion, advertising ________.[A] emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art[B] is a cause of disappointment for the general public[C] replaces the church as a major source of information[D] creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes________.[A] happiness more often than not ends in sadness[B] the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing[C] misery should be enjoyed rather than denied[D] the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms40. Which of the following is true of the text?[A] Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.[B] Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.[C] People feel disappointed at the realities of modern society.[D] Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.Part BDirections:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered gaps. There are two extra choices, which you do not need to use in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On the north bank of the Ohio river sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino (a place where gambling games are played). During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a "Fun Card", which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user’s gambling activities. For Williams, those activities become what he calls "electronic heroin".(41) ________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.In March 1998 a friend of Williams’s got him involuntarily confinedto a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams’s gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behavior, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.(42) ________.The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 24 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun... and always bet with your head, not over it.” Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams’s suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling,”intentionally worked to “lure” him to “engage in conduct against his will.” Well.(43) ________.The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling” involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money than of thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.(44) ________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.(45) ________.Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on -- you might say addicted to -- revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers’ dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web’s most profitable business.[A] Although no such evidence was presented, the casino’s marketingdepartment continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.[B]It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior.And in what sense was his will operative?[C] By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he couldget back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.[D] Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but fora long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease.Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is the government.[E] David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.[F] It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioralproblems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.[G] The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling isespecially conducive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society? I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckberger told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected America. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not America, who have become anti-intellectual.First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? 46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in a Socratic (苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problems consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. 47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals -- the average scientist, for one. 48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in the everyday performance of his routine duties -- he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufactureevidence, or doctor his reports. 49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his waking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.The definition also excludes the majority of teachers, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. 50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority of eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge is one thing, living in "public and illustrious thoughts,” as Emerson would say, is something else.Section III WritingPart A51. DirectionsYou want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.Write your letter in no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2.Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the photos briefly,2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and3. give your point of view.You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (20 points)有两幅图片，图1 把崇拜写在脸上；图2 花300元做“小贝头”注：Beckham是英国足球明星有两张照片，一张照片上有一位男士脸上写着足球明星的名字，另一张照片上有一个男子在理发，他要求理发师为他设计一个小贝克汉姆的发型。
2017考研英语二阅读真题答案解析【3】
2017考研英语二阅读真题答案解析【3】Text 2With so much focus on children’s use of screens，it’s easy for parents to forget about their own screen use。
“Tech is designed to really suck on you in，” says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play，“and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement。
It makes it hard to disengage，and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine。
”Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise。
She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children。
During a separate observation，she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family。
Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention。
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类(1)
2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类（1）暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。
这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。
英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。
下面凯程在线和大家分享哲学类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
Hidden valley looks a lot like the dozens of other camps that dot the woods of central Maine. There's a lake，some soccer fields and horses. But the campers make the difference. They're all American parents who have adopted kids from China. They're at Hidden Valley to find bridges from their children's old worlds to the new. Diana Becker of Montville，Maine，watches her 3-year-old daughter Mika dance to a Chinese version of “Twinkle，Twinkle Little Star.”“Her soul is Chinese，”she says，“but really she's growing up American.”Hidden Valley and a handful of other “culture camps”serving families with children from overseas reflect the huge rise in the number of foreign adoptions，from 7，093 in 1990 to 15，774 last year. Most children come from Russia (4，491last year) and China (4，206) but there are also thousands of others adopted annually from South America，Asia and Eastern Europe. After cutting through what can be miles of red tape，parents often come home to find a new dilemma. “At first you think，'I need a child'，”says Sandy Lachter of Washington，D.C.，who with her husband，Steve，adopted Amelia，5，from China in 1995. “Then you think，'What does the child need?' ”The culture camps give families a place to find answers to those kinds of questions. Most grew out of local support groups; Hidden Valley was started last year by the Boston chapter of Families with Children from China，which includes 650 families. While parents address weighty issues like how to raise kids in a mixed-race family，their children just have fun riding horses，singing Chinese songs or making scallion pancakes. “My philosophy of camping is that they could be doing anything，as long as they see other Chinese kids with white parents，”says the director，Peter Kassen，whose adopted daughters Hope and Lily are 6 and 4.The camp is a continuation of language and dance classes many of the kids attend during the year. “When we rented out a theater for 'Mulan，' it was packed，”says Stephen Chen of Boston，whose adopted daughter Lindsay is 4. Classes in Chinese language，art and calligraphy are taught by experts，like Renne Lu of the Greater Boston Chinese Cultural Center. “Our mission is to preserve the heritage，”Lu says.Kids who are veteran campers say the experience helps them understand their complex heritage. Sixteen-year-old Alex was born in India and adopted by Kathy and David Brinton of Boulder，Colo.，when he was 7. “I went through a stage where I hated India，hated everything about it，”he says. “You just couldn't mention India to me.”But after six sessions at the East India Colorado Heritage Camp，held at Snow Mountain Ranch in Estes Park，Colo.，he hopes to travel to India after he graduates from high school next year.Camp can be a learning experience for the whole family. Whitney Ning，23，a counselor for four years，says the Korea Heritage Camp helped her become closer to her parents. “They were hesitant at first，”she says，“but when they saw how much it meant to me，they became very supportive.”Sometimes the most direct route around the world is across a campfire.注(1)：本文选自Newsweek; 10/04/99，p75;注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2004年真题Text 1;1. Why American parents come to Hidden Valley?[A]It has a large gathering of adopted children.[B]Parents want to find a place to exchange their ideas.[C]It helps children adapt to the new culture well.[D]It is a very good place for relaxation.2. Which of the following is not the advantage of the culture camp?[A]It well reflects the increasing foreign adoptions.[B]Parents can find the answers to their questions in raising the adopted children.[C]Children can learn a lot in culture camp.[D]It helps the adopted children have a better understanding of their complex heritage.3. The expression “miles of red tape”(Line 5，Paragraph 2) most probably means _________.[A]a number of choices[B]many hard journeys[C]a lot of difficulties[D]most troublesome procedures4. What is Alex‘s attitude toward India now?[A]Strong disapproval.[B]Reserved consent.[C]Slight contempt[D]Enthusiastic support5. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A]Foreign adoption is a common phenomenon in America.[B]Children can do whatever they want to do in the culture camp.[C]Both parents and their adopted children can benefit from the culture camp.[D]Children can receive best education in the culture camp.答案：CADBC。
2017年雅思阅读模拟试题及答案解析
Seeking an energy holy trinity Jan 10th 2007 From 1 NEELIE KROES, the European Union’s competition commissioner, did not mince her words when reporting on Europe’s energy markets on Wednesday January 10th. Europe’s energy firms have failed to invest in networks and so customers are suffering. Those “vertically integrated” energy companies such as Electricité de France (EDF) or Germany’s E.ON, widely dubbed as “national champions”, are effectively behaving like local monopolies. Shy of competition, eager for artificially high prices, they are helping to block the efficient generation, transmission and distribution of energy on the continent. 2 Energy prices vary wildly across Europe. Ms Kroes wants to see cheaper energy, and intends to push suppliers to divest their distribution network and to get them to invest more in transportation systems so that more energy—in the form of gas, or electricity, for example—can flow easily over borders. It is remarkably hard, for example, for gas-poor Germany to import from the neighbouring, gas-rich Netherlands. Companies that dominate national markets have, so far, had little interest in improving the interconnections which would mean lower prices for consumers across the continent. 3 Ms Kroes, of course, will struggle to get her way. The European Commission, which on the same day presented its recommendation for improving EU energy policy, also wants to see the unbundling of ownership, the legal separation of energy suppliers and transporters, something that the integrated energy companies and interested governments, notably in France and Germany, are bound to oppose ferociously. 4 Complicating the matter is an argument over the security of energy supply in Europe. Much has been made of the risk for western Europe of depending too heavily on Russian exports of gas. Russia under Vladimir Putin is prone to using energy exports as a blunt tool of foreign policy, especially when trying to bully countries in its hinterland. Last year Russia interrupted gas deliveries to Ukraine, affecting supplies in central and western Europe too. This week it blocked oil exports passing via Belarus to Europe, though that spat was soon resolved. 5 The risk is that concerns about security of supply may be used spuriously by those in Europe who oppose the sort of liberalisation encouraged by Ms Kroes. The likes of E.ON and EDF may claim that only protected national champions are able to secure supply, by striking long-term deals with powerful foreign suppliers. The Commission disagrees. Such deals are too often politically motivated and far from transparent. Protection has been tried for long enough and evidently has not worked for the internal market, nor have these companies secured the best deals for consumers from the Russians. 6 In contrast, the Commission's new policy proposes, ideally, a break-up of these companies into suppliers and distributors. (As a second best solution, especially for France and Germany, it recommends the management of the networks by a third party.) Properly independent managers of Europe's energy networks would have a strong incentive to build interconnecting pipelines and power lines across borders. For the gas market another means of ensuring competition and security would be finding a more diverse range of suppliers, for example by building more terminals for the import of liquified natural gas. It would also be likely to mean lower prices, if the example of liberalised Britain over the past ten years is anything to go by. 7 Whether any of this is likely to happen soon, however, is another matter. The Commission is also calling for European governments to agree on a common effort to reduce carbon emissions by at least 20% by 2020 (compared with 1990 levels). If America is willing to play ball, the Commission proposes to reduce emissions by as much as 30%. Achieving either target would mean promoting cleaner cars, a more effective emissions-trading system for Europe, wider use of public transport and a sharp increase in the use of renewable sources of energy, like wind and solar power. All that is laudable enough, but will also require political horse-trading as governments—Europe’s leaders are due to meet in March to discuss the various energy proposals—try to avoid commitments that may hurt domestic energy companies or make European firms less competitive than rivals in America, Asia and elsewhere. (689 words) Questions 1-5 Do the following statements reflect the views of the writer in the reading passage? In boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet write YES if the statement reflects the views of the writer NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer NOT GIVEN if there is no information about this in the passage 1. Europe’s energy companies have funded the construction of the distribution network. 2. There has been a wide range of energy prices within Europe. 3. Gas-poor Germany has to pay a price higher than average to import gas from its neighbour. 4. E.ON and EDF may oppose the liberalisation due to their concerns about the security of energy supply. 5. The European Commission proposes to reduce carbon emissions by 30% if the U.S. is willing to cut its. Questions 6-10 Look at the box of countries below. Choose One or Two countries to complete the following sentences. Write your answers in boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet. Countries A. Belarus B. Britain C. France D. Germany E. Russia F. Ukraine G. The U.S. 6. It’s dangerous for western Europe to depend too much on gas imports from …… 7. A liberalised policy of energy supply was enforced over ten years in … 8. Last year energy supplies in central and western Europe was affected owing to the interruption of gas deliveries to … 9. The governments in …… are bound to oppose the separation of energy suppliers and transporters? 10. Oil exports passing via … to Europe was blocked this week. Questions 11-14 Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the reading passage above for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-14. 11. The EC disagrees with energy firms to strike long-term deals with foreign suppliers because such deals are usually far from … 12. The EC proposes to split those “national champions” into … 13. A more diverse range of suppliers would guarantee …in the European gas market. 14. The realization of carbon emissions reduction would require the promotion of cleaner cars, a better emissions-trading system, wider use of public transport and more use of … of energy. Key and Explanations: 1. No See para.1: Europe’s energy firms have failed to invest in networks… 2. Yesb d s f i d = " 1 5 6 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 2 : E n e r g y p r ic e s v a r y w i ld l y a c r o s s E u r o pe . b r b d sf i d = " 1 5 7 " >0 0 3 . N o t G i v e n b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 8 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 2 : I t i s r e m a r k a b l y h a r d , f o r e x a m p l e , f o r g a s -p o o r G e r m a n y t o i m p o r t f r o m t h e n e i g h b o u r i n g , g a s - r i c h N e t h e r l a n d s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 5 9 " > 00 4 . N o b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 0 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 5 : T h e r i s k i s t h a t c o n c e r n s a b o u t s e c u r i t y o f s u p p l y ma yb e u s e d s p u r i o u s l y b y t h o s e i n E u r o p e w h o o p p o s e t h e s o r t o f l i b e r a l i s a t i o n e nc o u r a g e db y M s K r o e s . T h e l i k e s o f E . O N a n d E D F m a yc l a i m t h a t & b r bd s f i d = " 1 6 1 " > 0 0 5 . Ye s b r b d sf i d = " 1 6 2 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 7 : I f A m e r i c a i s w i l l i ng t o p l a y b a l l , th e C o m mi s s i o n p r o p o s e s t o r e d u c e e m i s s i o n s b y a s m u c h a s 3 0 % . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 3 " > 0 0 6 . E b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 4 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 4 : M u c h h a s b e e n m a d e o f t h e r i s k f o r w e s t e r n E u r o p e o f d e p e n d i n g t o o h e a v i l y o n R u s s i a n e x p o r t s o f g a s . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 5 " > 0 0 7 . B b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 6 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 6 : I t w o u l d a l s o b e l i k e l y t o m e a n l o w e r p r i c e s , i f t h e e x a m p l e o f l i b e r a l i s e d B r i t a i n o v e r t h e p a s t t e n y e a r s i s a n y t h i n g t o g o b y . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 7 " > 0 0 8 . F b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 8 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 4 : L a s t y e a r R u s s i a i n t e r r u p t e d g a s d e l i v e r i e s t o U k r a i n e , a f f e c t i n g s u p p l i e s i n c e n t r a l a n d w e s t e r n E u r o p e t o o . b r b d s f i d = " 1 6 9 " > 0 0 9 . C , D b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 0 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 3 : & t h e l e g a l s e p a r a t i o n o f e n e r g y s u p p l i e r s a n d t r a n s p o r t e r s , s o m e t h i n g t h a t t h e i n t e g r a t e d e n e r g y c o m p a n i e s a n d i n t e r e s t e d g o v e r n m e n t s , n o t a b l y i n F r a n c e a n d G e r m a n y , a r e b o u n d t o o p p o s e f e r o c i o u s l y . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 1 " > 0 0 1 0 . A b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 2 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 4 : T h i s w e e k i t b l o c k e d o i l e x p o r t s p a s s i n g v i a B e l a r u s t o E u r o p e , t h o u g h t h a t s p a t w a s s o o n r e s o l v e d . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 3 " > 0 0 1 1 . t r a n s p a r e n t b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 4 " > 0 0 S e e p a r a . 5 : b y s t r i k i n g l o n g - t e r m d e a l s w i t h p o w e r f u l f o r e i g n s u p p l i e r s . T h e C o m m i s s i o n d i s a g r e e s . S u c h d e a l s a r e t o o o f t e n p o l i t i c a l l y m o t i v a t e d a n d f a r f r o m t r a n s p a r e n t . b r b d s f i d = " 1 7 5 " > 0 0 1 2 . s u p p l i e r s a n d d i s t r i b u t o r s。
考研英语一真题手译阅读2017-Text3
It does not include important factors such as environmental equality or education outcomes - all things that contribute to a person’s sense of well-being.
4- While all of these countries face their own challenges, there are a number of consistent themes.
Yes, there has been a budding economic recovery since the 2008 global crash, but in key indicators in areas such as health and education, major economies have conti1 Text 3
1- Robert F. Kennedy once said that a country’s GDP measures “everything except that which makes life worthwhile.”
With Britain voting to leave the European Union, and GDP already predicted to slow as a result, it is now a timely moment to assess what he was referring to.
英语阅读理解 philosophy
英语阅读理解 philosophy【原创版1篇】目录（篇1）1.哲学与英语阅读理解2.哲学的基本概念3.哲学对英语阅读理解的影响4.如何提高英语阅读理解的哲学素养正文（篇1）哲学作为一门学科，探讨的是人类存在、知识、真理、价值等根本性问题。
英语阅读理解，顾名思义，是在英语学习过程中对文本进行阅读并理解其含义的能力。
这两者看似风马牛不相及，实则有着密切的联系。
在本文中，我们将探讨哲学与英语阅读理解之间的关系，以及如何通过提高哲学素养来提升英语阅读理解能力。
首先，了解哲学的基本概念有助于我们更好地理解英语阅读材料。
哲学关注的问题通常具有普遍性、根本性和抽象性，例如：什么是真实？什么是知识？什么是善？这些问题在英语阅读材料中比比皆是，如果我们对哲学的基本概念有所了解，就能迅速把握文章的核心观点，从而提高阅读理解的效率。
其次，哲学对英语阅读理解具有指导意义。
哲学强调批判性思维和独立思考，这正是英语阅读理解所需要的能力。
通过学习哲学，我们可以学会从多角度审视问题，避免盲目跟从某种观点或观念。
此外，哲学还教导我们怀疑和质疑，这在英语阅读理解中是非常重要的。
因为阅读理解不仅仅是理解作者的观点，更重要的是对作者的观点进行评价和分析，找出其中的逻辑漏洞或不完善之处。
那么，如何提高英语阅读理解的哲学素养呢？这里提供几点建议：1.学习哲学基本概念：了解哲学的基本概念，如唯物主义、唯心主义、辩证法、形而上学等，有助于我们在阅读理解过程中迅速把握文章的核心观点。
2.阅读哲学著作：阅读一些经典的哲学著作，如《论语》、《庄子》、《柏拉图对话录》等，可以提高我们的哲学素养，培养批判性思维和独立思考能力。
3.参加哲学讨论和辩论：与他人进行哲学讨论和辩论，可以锻炼我们的思维敏捷性和逻辑性，提高我们在英语阅读理解中对观点进行分析和评价的能力。
4.将哲学应用于英语阅读理解练习：在实际的英语阅读理解练习中，尝试将哲学的概念和方法运用到阅读材料中，以提高我们的阅读理解能力。
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2017考研英语阅读暑期训练：哲学类（3）暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。
这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。
英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。
下面凯程在线和大家分享哲学类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
The income-tax deadline approaches and some taxpayers‘thoughts turn to it.Test time approaches and some students’thoughts turn to it.Temptation appears and some spouses consider it.Nowadays，cheating is on the rise.“You want something you can‘t get by behaving within the rules，and you want it badly enough，you’ll do it regardless of any guilt or regret，and you‘re willing to run the risk of being caught.”That’s how Ladd Wheeler，psychology professor at the University of Rochester in New York，defines cheating.Cheating represents the triumph of the“Brazen Rule”over the“Golden Rule”，says Terry Pinkard，philosophy professor at Georgetown University in Washington D.C.“The Golden Rule says，‘Do unto others as you would have them do unto you.’The Brazen Rule says，‘Do unto others as they would do unto you if they were in your place.’”Many experts believe cheating is on the rise.“We‘re seeing more of the kind of person who regards the world as a series of things to be manipulated.Whether to cheat depends on whether it’s in the person‘s interest.”He does，however，see less cheating among the youngest students.Richard Dienstbier，psychology professor at the University of Nebraska in Lincoln，believes that society‘s attitudes account for much of the rise in cheating.“Twenty years ago，if a person cheated in college，society said：”That is extremely serious;you will be dropped for a semester if not kicked out permanently，’“he says.”Nowadays，at the University of Nebraska，for example，it is the stated policy of the College of Arts and Sciences that if a student cheats on an exam，the student must receive an‘F’on what he cheated on.That‘s nothing.If you’re going to fail anyway，why not cheat?“Cheating is unethical，Pinkard says，whether it‘s massive fraud or failure to tell a store cashier you were undercharged.“You’re treating other people merely as a means for your own ends.You‘re using people in ways they would not consent to.The cheater says，’Let everybody else bear the burden，and I‘ll reap the benefits.’”Cheaters usually try to justify their actions，says Robert Hogan，chairman of the psychology department at the University of Tulsa in Oklahoma.“They never think it‘s their fault.”Cheaters make justifications because they want to feel good about themselves，adds Wheeler.“They don’t want to label themselves as a cheater.Also，they may be anticipating the possibility of getting caught，so they work on their excuse ahead of time.”The most common justifications，psychologists say，include：“I had to do it.”“The test was unfair.”“Everybody does it，and I have to cheat to get what‘s rightfully mine.”“The government wastes the money anyway.”“My wife (or husband) doesn‘t understand me，and we’ve grown apart.”Cheating is most likely in situations where the stakes are high and the chances of gettingcaught are low，says social psychologist Lynn Kahle of the University of Oregon in Eugene.In his study，a group of freshmen were allowed to grade their own tests，while secret，pressure-sensitive paper indicated who changed answers.To raise the pressure，students were given an extremely high score as the“average”for the test and told that those who failed would go before an inquiring board of psychologists.About 46 percent of the male students changed answers;among the females，about 30 percent cheated.Everybody cheats a little，some psychologists say，while others insist that most people are basically honest and some wouldn‘t cheat under any circumstances.Despite the general rise in cheating，Pinkard sees some cause for hope：“I do find among younger students a much less tolerant attitude toward cheating.”Perhaps，he says，the upcoming generation is less spoiled than the“baby boom”students who preceded them—and therefore less self-centered.“There seems to be a swing back in the culture.”1.The purpose of this passage is to____.[A] convince the reader that cheating is immoral[B] discuss the varieties of and reasons for cheating[C] describe how cheaters cheat[D] suggest how to curtail cheating2.According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?[A] It is ethical to cheat unless money is involved.[B] Failure to tell a store cashier you were undercharged is not considered cheating.[C] There has been a general rise in cheating.[D] Most cheaters are college students.3.According to the passage，with which of the following would the author probably NOT agree?[A] Cheating is often the result of intense pressure.[B] Cheating is cheating，whether on a test or on income tax forms.[C] Cheating is widespread and society is too tolerant.[D] The Brazen Rule is a better rule than the Golden Rule.4.When a person is caught cheating，it is most likely that he____.[A] pretends to apologize for what he has done[B] pretends that he has no knowledge of what is going on[C] ascribes his misconduct to some external motivation[D] denies the fact in fearful anticipation of escaping punishment5.Regarding the future of cheating，the author seems to be____.[A] depressed [B] optimistic[C] amused [D] bewildered参考答案：1.[B] 第一段提到了各种各样的欺骗行为;但对原因的探讨贯穿整个文章。