GerrigCh 05

Figure
– Objectlike regions of the visual field that are distinguished from background
Ground
– Backdrop or background areas of the visual field, against which figures stand out
– – – – Interposition Relative size Linear perspective Texture gradients
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Perceptual Constancies
Size constancy Shape constancy Orientation constancy Lightness constancy
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Reality, Ambiguity, and Illusions
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Reality, Ambiguity, and Illusions
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Motion Perception
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Motion Perception
Induced motion Apparent motion Phi phenomenon
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Illusion
– Experience of a stimulus pattern in a manner that is demonstrably incorrect but shared by others in the same perceptual environment
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Spatial and Temporal Integration
Fixation Spatial integration Temporal integration
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Proximal and Distal Stimuli
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Reality, Ambiguity, and Illusions
Ambiguity
– Situation or utterance that may have more than one interpretation
– Preattentive processing – Guided search
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Attentional Processes
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Organizational Processes in Perception
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Identification and Recognition Processes
Bottom-up processing
– Perceptual analyses based on sensory data
Top-down processing
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Proximal and Distal Stimuli
Distal stimulus
– Physical object in the world
Proximal stimulus
– Optical image on the retina
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Influence of Contexts and Expectancies
Motor set Mental set Perceptual set
FOX; OWL; SNAKE; TURKEY; SWAN; D?CK BOB; RAY; DAVE; BILL; HENRY; D?CK
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Approaches to the Study of Perception
Helmholtz’s classical theory Gestalt approach Gibson’s ecological optics
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What is Perception?
Perception
– Sensation – Perceptual organization – Identification/recognition of objects
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Depth Perception
Binocular cues
– Retinal disparity – Convergence
Relative motion parallax
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Depth Perception
Pictorial cues
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Attentional Processes
Fate of unattended information
– Dichotic listening – Shadowing – Cocktail party effect
Attention and objects in the environment
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Principles of Perceptual Grouping
Illusory contours Closure Law of proximity Law of similarity Law of common fate
Attentional Processes
Attention
– State of focused awareness on a subset of the available perceptual information
Selective attention
– Goal-directed selection – Stimulus-driven capture
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Organizational Processes in Perception
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Organizational Processes in Perception
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Reality, Ambiguity, and Illusions
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Reality, Ambiguity, and Illusions
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Reality, Ambiguity, and Illusions
Chapter 5
Perception
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– Individual factors influence the way a perceived object is interpreted and classified
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Object Recognition
Recognition by compounds Role of parts in object recognition