2018年山东大学实践英语考研真题621

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2018山东高考英语真题(附答案)

精品文档2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.答案是C。

1. What will James do tomorrow?A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk.C.Write a report.2. What can we say about the woman?A. She's generous.B. She's curiousC. She's helpful3. When does the train leave?A. At 6:30.B.At 8:30.C.At 10:30.4. How docs the woman go to work?A. By car.B. On foot.C.By bike.5. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A. Classmates.B. Teacher and student.C. Doctor and patient.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

(完整版)2018山东高考英语真题(附答案)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例: How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15.B. ￡9.18.C. ￡9.15.答案是C。

2018年山东大学专业课考研真题重点红宝书

2018年山东大学考研专业课全套资料（部分待续）我们是山大研究生团队，提供咨询辅导，在介绍我们资料之前，先说几句话，花未来学弟学妹三分钟时间先看看这些问题，可能这些东西能帮你知道考研很多东西。

1、专业课想考高分，只靠资料是不够的我们都是经历过考研的，知道里面的辛苦，考研除了努力外还需要一些经验，指导和考研动态信息，特别是复试时候。

如果只得到这些纸质资料，而忽略了考研的其他东西，你也会走弯路。

因此我们会绑定你的扣号，以后更新了资料，有了最新的考研信息都会通知你，你们有啥问题也可以咨询我们，包括复试，直到读研!2、关于资料来源.我们的资料是独家更新的，每份资料都有我们的水印和扣扣，我们是山大研究生联合团队，资料有的是给老师要的，有的是我们在读研究生和高分考生整理的的，搜集和整理辅导资料的原则就是在精不在多，资料太厚，还不如直接背课本，因此我们都是按照“一本真题答案+讲义重点+题库+模拟题”原则，重要的都弄成纸质的，方便复习，不重要的弄成电子版的赠你，供你选择性参考。

赠送电子版的资料（课件授课视频、复习技巧、录取情况，面试技巧、课后答案等等）以后更新了资料都会免费赠，我们会一直跟踪到你上研究生。

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18年考研英语真题及解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一) Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Trust is a tricky business. On the one hand, it's a necessary condition 1 many worthwhile things: child care, friendships, etc. On the other hand, putting your 2 , in the wrong place often carries a high 3 .4 , why do we trust at all? Well, because it feels good.5 people place their trust in an individual or an institution, their brains release oxytocin, a hormone that6 pleasurable feelings and triggers the herding instruct that prompts humans to7 with one another. Scientists have found that exposure8 this hormone puts us in a trusting9: In a Swiss study, researchers sprayed oxytocin into the noses of half the subjects; those subjects were ready to lend significantly higher amounts of money to strangers than were their 10 who inhaled something else.11 for us, we also have a sixth sense for dishonesty that may 12 us. A Canadian study found that children as young as 14 months can differentiate 13 a credible person and a dishonest one. Sixty toddlers were each 14 to an adult tester holding a plastic container. The tester would ask, “What’s in here?” before look ing into the container, smiling, and exclaiming, “Wow!” Each subject was then invited to look 15 . Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty-and realized the tester had 17 them.Among the children who had not been tricked, the majority were 18 to cooperate with the tester in learning a new skill, demonstrating that they trusted his leadership.19 , only five of the 30 children paired with the “20”tester participated in a follow-up activity.1. [A] on [B] like [C] for [D] from2. [A] faith [B] concern [C] attention [D] interest3. [A] benefit [B] debt [C] hope [D] price4. [A] Therefore [B] Then [C] Instead [D] Again5. [A]Until [B] Unless [C] Although [D] When6. [A] selects [B] produces [C] applies [D] maintains7. [A] consult [B] compete [C] connect [D] compare8. [A] at [B] by [C]of [D]to9. [A] context [B] mood [C] period [D] circle10.[A] counterparts [B] substitutes [C] colleagues [D]supporters11.[A] Funny [B] Lucky [C] Odd [D] Ironic12.[A] monitor [B] protect [C] surprise [D] delight13.[A] between [B] within [C] toward [D] over14.[A] transferred [B] added [C] introduced [D] entrusted15.[A] out [B] back [C] around [D] inside16.[A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] .remembered17.[A] betrayed [B]wronged [C] fooled [D] mocked18.[A] forced [B] willing [C] hesitant [D] entitled19.[A] In contrast [B] As a result [C] On the whole [D] For instance20.[A] inflexible [B] incapable [C] unreliable [D] unsuitableSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Among the annoying challenges facing the middle class is one that will probably go unmentioned in the next presidential campaign: What happens when the robots come for their jobs?Don't dismiss that possibility entirely. About half of U.S. jobs are at high risk of being automated, according to a University of Oxford study, with the middle class disproportionately squeezed. Lower-income jobs like gardening or day care don't appeal to robots. But many middle-class occupations-trucking, financial advice, software engineering — have aroused their interest, or soon will. The rich own the robots, so they will be fine.This isn't to be alarmist. Optimists point out that technological upheaval has benefited workers in the past. The Industrial Revolution didn't go so well for Luddites whose jobs were displaced by mechanized looms, but it eventually raised living standards and created more jobs than it destroyed. Likewise, automation should eventually boost productivity, stimulate demand by driving down prices, and free workers from hard, boring work. But in the medium term, middle-class workers may need a lot of help adjusting.The first step, as Erik Brynjolfsson and Andrew McAfee argue in The Second Machine Age, should be rethinking education and job training. Curriculums —from grammar school to college- should evolve to focus less on memorizing facts and more on creativity and complex communication. Vocational schools should do a better job of fostering problem-solving skills and helping students work alongside robots. Online education can supplement the traditional kind. It could make extra training and instruction affordable. Professionals trying to acquire new skills will be able to do so without going into debt.The challenge of coping with automation underlines the need for the U.S. to revive its fading business dynamism: Starting new companies must be made easier. In previous eras of drastic technological change, entrepreneurs smoothed the transition by dreaming up ways to combine labor and machines. The best uses of 3D printers and virtual reality haven't been invented yet. The U.S. needs the new companies that will invent them.Finally, because automation threatens to widen the gap between capital income and labor income, taxes and the safety net will have to be rethought. Taxes onlow-wage labor need to be cut, and wage subsidies such as the earned income tax credit should be expanded: This would boost incomes, encourage work, reward companies for job creation, and reduce inequality.Technology will improve society in ways big and small over the next few years, yet this will be little comfort to those who find their lives and careers upended by automation. Destroying the machines that are coming for our jobs would be nuts. But policies to help workers adapt will be indispensable.21.Who will be most threatened by automation?[A] Leading politicians.[B]Low-wage laborers.[C]Robot owners.[D]Middle-class workers.22 .Which of the following best represent the author’s view?[A] Worries about automation are in fact groundless.[B]Optimists' opinions on new tech find little support.[C]Issues arising from automation need to be tackled[D]Negative consequences of new tech can be avoidedcation in the age of automation should put more emphasis on[A] creative potential.[B]job-hunting skills.[C]individual needs.[D]cooperative spirit.24.The author suggests that tax policies be aimed at[A] encouraging the development of automation.[B]increasing the return on capital investment.[C]easing the hostility between rich and poor.[D]preventing the income gap from widening.25.In this text, the author presents a problem with[A] opposing views on it.[B]possible solutions to it.[C]its alarming impacts.[D]its major variations.Text 2A new survey by Harvard University finds more than two-thirds of young Americans disapprove of President Trump’s use of Twitter. The implication is that Millennials prefer news from the White House to be filtered through other source, Not a president’s social media platform.Most Americans rely on social media to check daily headlines. Yet as distrust has risen toward all media, people may be starting to beef up their media literacy skills. Such a trend is badly needed. During the 2016 presidential campaign, nearly a quarter of web content shared by Twitter users in the politically critical state of Michigan was fake news, according to the University of Oxford. And a survey conducted for BuzzFeed News found 44 percent of Facebook users rarely or never trust news from the media giant.Young people who are digital natives are indeed becoming more skillful at separating fact from fiction in cyberspace. A Knight Foundation focus-group survey of young people between ages 14and24 found they use “distributed trust” to verifystories. They cross-check sources and prefer news from different perspectives—especially those that are open about any bias. “Many young people assume a great deal of personal responsibility for educating themselves and actively seeking out opposing viewpoints,” the survey concluded.Such active research can have another effect. A 2014 survey conducted in Australia, Britain, and the United States by the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that young people’s reliance on social media led to greater political engagement.Social media allows users to experience news events more intimately and immediately while also permitting them to re-share news as a projection of their values and interests. This forces users to be more conscious of their role in passing along information. A survey by Barna research group found the top reason given by Americans for the fake news phenomenon is “reader error,” more so than made-up stories or factual mistakes in reporting. About a third say the problem of fake news lies in “misinterpretation or exaggeration of actual news” via social media. In other words, the choice to share news on social media may be the heart of the issue. “This indicates there is a real personal responsibility in counteracting this problem,” says Roxanne Stone, editor in chief at Barna Group.So when young people are critical of an over-tweeting president, they reveal a mental discipline in thinking skills – and in their choices on when to share on social media.26. According to the Paragraphs 1 and 2, many young Americans cast doubts on[A] the justification of the news-filtering practice.[B] people’s preference for social media platforms.[C] the administrations ability to handle information.[D] social media was a reliable source of news.27. The phrase “beer up”(Line 2, Para. 2) is closest in meaning to[A] sharpen[B] define[C] boast[D] share28. According to the knight foundation survey, young people[A] tend to voice their opinions in cyberspace.[B] verify news by referring to diverse resources.[C] have s strong sense of responsibility.[D] like to exchange views on “distributed trust”29. The Barna survey found that a main cause for the fake news problem is[A] readers outdated values.[B] journalists’ biased reporting[C] readers’ misin terpretation[D] journalists’ made-up stories.30. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] A Rise in Critical Skills for Sharing News Online[B] A Counteraction Against the Over-tweeting Trend[C] The Accumulation of Mutual Trust on Social Media.[D] The Platforms for Projection of Personal Interests.Text 3Any fair-minded assessment of the dangers of the deal between Britain's National Health Service (NHS) and DeepMind must start by acknowledging that both sides mean well. DeepMind is one of the leading artificial intelligence (AI) companies in the world. The potential of this work applied to healthcare is very great, but it could also lead to further concentration of power in the tech giants. It Is against that background that the information commissioner, Elizabeth Denham, has issued her damning verdict against the Royal Free hospital trust under the NHS, which handed over to DeepMind the records of 1.6 million patients In 2015 on the basis of a vague agreement which took far too little account of the patients' rights and their expectations of privacy.DeepMind has almost apologized. The NHS trust has mended its ways. Further arrangements- and there may be many-between the NHS and DeepMind will be carefully scrutinised to ensure that all necessary permissions have been asked of patients and all unnecessary data has been cleaned. There are lessons about informed patient consent to learn. But privacy is not the only angle in this case and not even the most important. Ms Denham chose to concentrate the blame on the NHS trust, since under existing law it “controlled” the data and DeepMind merely “processed" it. But this distinction misses the point that it is processing and aggregation, not the mere possession of bits, that gives the data value.The great question is who should benefit from the analysis of all the data that our lives now generate. Privacy law builds on the concept of damage to an individual from identifiable knowledge about them. That misses the way the surveillance economy works. The data of an individual there gains its value only when it is compared with the data of countless millions more.The use of privacy law to curb the tech giants in this instance feels slightly maladapted. This practice does not address the real worry. It is not enough to say that the algorithms DeepMind develops will benefit patients and save lives. What matters is that they will belong to a private monopoly which developed them using public resources. If software promises to save lives on the scale that dugs now can, big data may be expected to behave as a big pharm has done. We are still at the beginning of this revolution and small choices now may turn out to have gigantic consequences later. A long struggle will be needed to avoid a future of digital feudalism. Ms Denham's report is a welcome start.31.Wha is true of the agreement between the NHS and DeepMind ?[A] It caused conflicts among tech giants.[B] It failed to pay due attention to patient’s rights.[C] It fell short of the latter's expectations[D] It put both sides into a dangerous situation.32. The NHS trust responded to Denham's verdict with[A] empty promises.[B] tough resistance.[C] necessary adjustments.[D] sincere apologies.33.The author argues in Paragraph 2 that[A] privacy protection must be secured at all costs.[B] leaking patients' data is worse than selling it.[C] making profits from patients' data is illegal.[D] the value of data comes from the processing of it34.According to the last paragraph, the real worry arising from this deal is[A] the vicious rivalry among big pharmas.[B] the ineffective enforcement of privacy law.[C] the uncontrolled use of new software.[D] the monopoly of big data by tech giants.35.The author's attitude toward the application of AI to healthcare is[A] ambiguous.[B] cautious.[C] appreciative.[D] contemptuous.Text 4The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) continues to bleed red ink. It reported a net loss of $5.6 billion for fiscal 2016, the 10th straight year its expenses have exceeded revenue. Meanwhile, it has more than $120 billion in unfunded liabilities, mostly for employee health and retirement costs. There are many bankruptcies. Fundamentally, the USPS is in a historic squeeze between technological change that has permanently decreased demand for its bread-and-butter product, first-class mail, and a regulatory structure that denies management the flexibility to adjust its operations to the new realityAnd interest groups ranging from postal unions to greeting-card makers exert self-interested pressure on the USPS’s ultimate overseer-Congress-insisting that whatever else happens to the Postal Service, aspects of the status quo they depend on get protected. This is why repeated attempts at reform legislation have failed in recent years, leaving the Postal Service unable to pay its bills except by deferring vital modernization.Now comes word that everyone involved---Democrats, Republicans, the Postal Service, the unions and the system's heaviest users—has finally agreed on a plan to fix the system. Legislation is moving through the House that would save USPS an estimated $28.6 billion over five years, which could help pay for new vehicles, among other survival measures. Most of the money would come from a penny-per-letter permanent rate increase and from shifting postal retirees into Medicare. The latter step would largely offset the financial burden of annually pre-funding retiree health care, thus addressing a long-standing complaint by the USPS and its union.If it clears the House, this measure would still have to get through the Senate –where someone is bound to point out that it amounts to the bare, bare minimum necessary to keep the Postal Service afloat, not comprehensive reform. There’s no change to collective bargaining at the USPS, a major omission considering thatpersonnel accounts for 80 percent of the agency’s costs. Also missing is any discussion of eliminating Saturday letter delivery. That common-sense change enjoys wide public support and would save the USPS $2 billion per year. But postal special-interest groups seem to have killed it, at least in the House. The emerging consensus around the bill is a sign that legislators are getting frightened about a politically embarrassing short-term collapse at the USPS. It is not, however, a sign that they’re getting serious about transforming the postal system for the 21st century.36.The financial problem with the USPS is caused partly by[A]. its unbalanced budget.[B] .its rigid management.[C] .the cost for technical upgrading.[D]. the withdrawal of bank support.37. According to Paragraph 2, the USPS fails to modernize itself due to[A]. the interference from interest groups.[B] .the inadequate funding from Congress.[C] .the shrinking demand for postal service.[D] .the incompetence of postal unions.38.The long-standing complaint by the USPS and its unions can be addressed by[A] .removing its burden of retiree health care.[B] .making more investment in new vehicles.[C] .adopting a new rate-increase mechanism.[D]. attracting more first-class mail users.39.In the last paragraph, the author seems to view legislators with[A] respect.[B] tolerance.[C] discontent.[D] gratitude.40.Which of the following would be the best title for the text?[A] .The USPS Starts to Miss Its Good Old Days[B] .The Postal Service: Keep Away from My Cheese[C] .The USPS: Chronic Illness Requires a Quick Cure[D] .The Postal Service Needs More than a Band-AidPart BDirections:The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. In December of 1869, Congress appointed a commission to select a site and prepare plans and cost estimates for a new State Department Building. The commission was also to consider possible arrangements for the War and Navy Departments. To the horror of some who expected a Greek Revival twin of the Treasury Building to be erected on the other side of the White House, the elaborateFrench Second Empire style design by Alfred Mullett was selected, and construction of a building to house all three departments began in June of 1871.B. Completed in 1875, the State Department's south wing was the first to be occupied, with its elegant four-story library (completed in 1876), Diplomatic Reception Room, and Secretary's office decorated with carved wood, Oriental rugs, and stenciled wall patterns. The Navy Department moved into the east wing in 1879, where elaborate wall and ceiling stenciling and marquetry floors decorated the office of the Secretary.C. The State, War, and Navy Building, as it was originally known, housed the three Executive Branch Departments most intimately associated with formulating and conducting the nation's foreign policy in the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the first quarter of the twentieth century-the period when the United States emerged as an international power. The building has housed some of the nation's most significant diplomats and politicians and has been the scene of many historic events.D. Many of the most celebrated national figures have participated in historical events that have taken place within the EEOB's granite walls. Theodore and Franklin D. Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Lyndon B. Johnson, Gerald Ford, and George H. W. Bush all had offices in this building before becoming president. It has housed 16 Secretaries of the Navy, 21 Secretaries of War, and 24 Secretaries of State. Winston Churchill once walked its corridors and Japanese emissaries met here with Secretary of State Cordell Hull after the bombing of Pearl Harbor.E. The Eisenhower Executive Office Building (EEOB) commands a unique position in both the national history and the architectural heritage of the United States. Designed by Supervising Architect of the Treasury, Alfred B. Mullett, it was built from 1871 to 1888 to house the growing staffs of the State, War, and Navy Departments, and is considered one of the best examples of French Second Empire architecture in the country.F. Construction took 17 years as the building slowly rose wing by wing. When the EEOB was finished, it was the largest office building in Washington, with nearly 2 miles of black and white tiled corridors. Almost all of the interior detail is of cast iron or plaster; the use of wood was minimized to insure fire safety. Eight monumental curving staircases of granite with over 4,000 individually cast bronze balusters are capped by four skylight domes and two stained glass rotundas.G. The history of the EEOB began long before its foundations were laid. The first executive offices were constructed between 1799 and 1820. A series of fires (including those set by the British in 1814) and overcrowded conditions led to the construction of the existing Treasury Building. In 1866, the construction of the North Wing of the Treasury Building necessitated the demolition of the State Department building.41.—C—42.—43.—F—44.—45.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Shakespeare’s life time was coincident with a period of extraordinary activity and achievement in the drama. (6)By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy. These new forms were at first mainly written by scholars and performed by amateurs, but in England, as everywhere else in western Europe, the growth of a class of professional actors was threatening to make the drama popular, whether it should be new or old, classical or medieval, literary or farcical. Court, school organizations of amateurs, and the traveling actors were all rivals in supplying a widespread desire for dramatic entertainment; and (47) no boy who went a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.When Shakespeare was twelve years old, the first public playhouse was built in London. For a time literature showed no interest in this public stage. Plays aiming at literary distinction were written for school or court, or for the choir boys of St. Paul’s and the royal chapel, who, however, gave plays in public as well as at court.(48)but the professional companies prospered in their permanent theaters, and university men with literature ambitions were quick to turn to these theaters as offering a means of livelihood. By the time Shakespeare was twenty-five, Lyly, Peele, and Greene had made comedies that were at once popular and literary; Kyd had written a tragedy that crowded the pit; and Marlowe had brought poetry and genius to triumph on the common stage - where they had played no part since the death of Euripides. (49)A native literary drama had been created, its alliance with the public playhouses established, and at least some of its great traditions had been begun.The development of the Elizabethan drama for the next twenty-five years is of exceptional interest to students of literary history, for in this brief period we may trace the beginning, growth, blossoming, and decay of many kinds of plays, and of many great careers. We are amazed today at the mere number of plays produced, as well as by the number of dramatists writing at the same time for this London of two hundred thousand inhabitants. (50) To realize how great was the dramatic activity, we must remember further that hosts of plays have been lost, and that probably there is no author of note whose entire work has survived.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Write an email to all international experts on campus inviting them to attend the graduation ceremony. In your email you should include time, place and other relevant information about the ceremony.You should write about 100 words neatly on the ANSEWER SHEETDo not use your own name at the end of the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语答案解析1.[答案]C[解析]该题选择的是介词，与后面的many worthwhile things一块做后置定语修饰前面的condition,表明对于许多重要事情来说是一个必要的条件。

2018年山东大学211翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷

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2018 年山东大学 211 翻译硕士英语考研真题试题试卷·············································· 2
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2018年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题A卷

2018年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题A卷第一部分：语言学(90分)I.Define the following e examples where necessary.(共10题，每题2分，共20分)1.morpheme2.meronymy3.sentence meaning4.performatives5.consonants6.syntax7.entailment8.concord9.pragmatics10.syntagmatic relationII.Describe the following sound segments in English.(共5题，每题2分，共10分)1.[n]2.[f]3.[e]4.[j]5.[A]Ⅲ.True or False questions.Write T for true statements and F for false ones.(共10题，每题1分，共10分)()1.In the phonemic approach to phonology,linguists faced with an array of soundsusuallyuse the three criteria,i.e.,complementary distribution,phonetic similarity and free variation in deciding whether these sounds belong to the same morpheme.()2.Speech Act Theory is launched by the Oxford philosopher John L.Austin whose posthumous work How to Do Things with Words(1962)has an enormous impact on linguistic philosophy,and thereby on linguistics,especially in its pragmaticvariant.()3.Whenpeoplespeakingdifferentlanguagescometogetherforacommon purpose,for instance,business,education or international affairs,they may need to agree on speaking a common language so that they could understand each other.The language chosen,then,is called a lingua franca.()4.Style is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to varieties according to use,and is analyzed on three dimensions:field of discourse,mode of discourse andtenor of discourse()5.Psycholinguistics is principally an integration of the fields of psychology and linguistics,and is the study of how individuals comprehend,produce,acquire,storeand retrieve language.()6.Single wordsandcompletesentencesare notconstituents.()7.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthat presupposition,unlike entailment,is not vulnerable to negation.That is to say, if asentence is neglected,the original presupposition is still true.()8.Pairsofwordslikebuy-sellandlend-borrowbelongtocomplementary antonymy.()9.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.()10.Sociolinguistics is interested in terms of“address”because they offer some socio-cultural information about the type of relationship between the speaker and hearer.IV.Multiple Choice.(共10题，每题1分，共10分)1.Of the three cavities.is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.A.nasal cavityB.pharynx cavityC.oral cavityD.lung cavity2.A speaker may change from one language(varieties of language)to another according to his subject matter,the required formality and other factors in the course of communication.This linguistic behavior is referred to asA.bilingualismB.code-switchingC.dialectD.register3.is one of the suprasegmental features.A.StopB.VoicingC.DeletionD.Tone4.Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription withA.diacriticsB.distinctive features C(.voicing D.articulation5.In P.Grice's Cooperative Principle,the maxim of means that you shouldmake our contribution one that is true when you are talking with someone.A.qualityB.quantityC.relevanceD.manner6.Which of the following consonants does not exist in English?A.dental stopB.bilabial stopC.alveolar stopD.velar stop7.Inthe construction,there are more than one head which are all of equal syntactic status and no one is dependent on the other.A.endocentricB.exocentric1C.subordinateD.coordinate8.The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to,or stands for.is known as the theory.A.integratedB.sense relationsC.propositional logicD.referential9.Ogden and Richards propose a theory that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct,but it is mediated byA.triangleB.conceptC.meaningD.relation10.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is calledA.social dialectB.regional dialectC.temporal dialectD.idiolectV.Draw labeled tree diagrams for the following constructions.(共2题，每题5分，共10分)1.in the forest2.The girl wears a red scarf.VI.Answer the following questions briefly.(共2题，每题5分，共10分)1.In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?2.Study the pronunciation of the plural forms of the following nouns in each group and discuss the rules that govern them.a)tables,beds,pillows,sofasb)seats,bunks,cups,quiltsc)benches,bridges,mattresses,casesVⅡI.Discuss the following questions as comprehensively as possible,giving examples if necessary.(共2题，每题10分，共20分)nguage has several basic functions and metafunctions.Discuss them.2.If Aristotle had spoken Chinese,his logic would have been different.Give your comment on the statement.第二部分：文学(60分)I.Term Definition.(共4题，每题5分，共20分)1.Harold Pinter2.King Lear3.Beat Writers4.Local ColoristⅡI.Answer the following questions briefly.(共2题，每题10分，共20分)1.What are the differences between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson?2.In what ways is Charles Dickens defined as a critical realist?ⅢI.Short Essay Construction.(共20分)Read the following sonnet and make comments on it in about300words.When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast state,And trouble deaf Heaven with my bootless cries,And look upon myself,and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featured like him,like him with friends possessed,Desiring this man's art,and that man's scope,With what I most enjoy contented least:Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,Haply I think on thee,—and then my state(Like to the lark at break of day arisingFrom sullen earth)sings hymns at heaven's gate;For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings'.。

2018考研英语二真题及答案

2018考研英语二真题及答案SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously bepainful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study inPsychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 tosatisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsinschool of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort tosatisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimedwere from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 anelectric shock whenclicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were toldonly that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which oneswould shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew thatwould 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound offingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—itcan 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight thatcuriosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who wereencouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 tosee such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’scuriosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t readonline comments.1. A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve答案：D. resolve考点：词义辨析解析：文章首段第一句话就交代了全文主旨：Why do people read negative Internetcomments and do other things that will obviously be painful? 人们浏览网络负面评论信息以及做一些明显令人痛苦的事情的原因。

2018年山东英语试题和答案

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试<山东卷）—来源：齐鲁晚报第I卷<共105分）第一部分：听力<共两节，满分30分）该部分分为第一、第二两节.注意：回答听力部分时，请先将答案标在试卷上.听力部分结束时，你将有两分钟地时间将你地答案转涂到客观题答题卡上.第一节<共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话.每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给地A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷地相应位置.听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟地时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.例：How much is the shirt?A. ￡19.15B. ￡ 9.18C. ￡9.15答案是C.1. What does the man want to do?A. Take photosB. Buy a cameraC. Help the woman2. What are the speakers talking about?A. A noisy nightB. Their life in townC. A place of living3. Where is the man now?A. on his wayB. In a restaurantC. At home4. What will Celia do?A. find a playerB. Watch a gameC. Play basketball5. What day is it when the conversation takes place?A. SaturdayB. SundayC. Monday第二节<共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白.每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给地A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷地相应位置.听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟地作答时间.每段对话或独白读两遍.听下面一段对话，回答第6至7两个小题.6. What is Sara going to do?A. Buy John a giftB. Invite John to FranceC. Give John a surprise7. What does the man think of Sa ra’s plan?A. FunnyB. ExcitingC. Strange听下面一段圣诞，回答第8和第9两个小题8. Why does Diana say sorry to Peter?A. She has to give up her travel plan.B. She wants to visit another cityC. She needs to put off her test.9. What does Diana want Peter to do?A. Help her with her study.B. Take a book to her friendC. Teach a geography lesson.听下面一段对话，回答第10至第12三个小题.10. Why does the man call the woman?A. To tell her about her new job.B. To ask about her job programC. To plan a meeting with her.11. Who needs a new flat?A. AlexB. AndreaC. Miranda12. Where is the woman now?A. In BaltimoreB. In New YorkC. In Avon听下面一段对话，回答第13至16四个小题.13. What does Jan consider most important when he judges a restaurant?A. Where the restaurant isB. Whether the prices are lowC. How well the food is prepared14. When did Jan begin to write for a magazine?A. After he came back to SwedenB. Before he went to the United StatesC. As soon as he got his first job in 198215. What may Jan do to find a good restaurant?A. Talk to people in the streetB. Speak to taxi driversC. Ask hotel clerks16. What do we know about Jan?A. He cooks for a restaurantB. He travels a lot for his workC. He prefers American food.听下面一段独白，回答第17至20四个小题.17. What do we know about the Plaza Leon?A. It’s a new buildingB. It’s a small townC. It’s a public place18. When do parents and children like going to the Plaza Leon?A. Saturday nightsB. Sunday afternoonC. Fridays and Saturdays19. Which street is known for its food shops and markets?A. Via Del Mar StreetB. Fernando StreetC. Hernandes Street20. Why does the speaker like Horatio Street best?A. It has an old stone surfaceB. It is named after a writerC. It has a famous university第二部分：英语知识运用<共两节,满分35分）第一节单项填空<共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处地最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.21. I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like ____ of them very much.A. eitherB. anyC. eachD. another22. It was ______ cold winter night and the moon was shining brightly across ____ night sky.A. 不填；a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; 不填23. — How far can you run without stopping?—________. I’ve never tried.A. Don’t mention itB. That’s all rightC. I have no ideaD. Go ahead24. I didn’t think I’d like the movie, but actually it _____ pretty good.A. has beenB. wasC. had beenD. would be25. The room is empty except for a bookshelf _____ in one corner.A. standingB. to standC. standsD. stood26. Mark needs to learn Chinese _______ his company is opening a branch in Beijing.A. unlessB. untilC. althoughD. since27. —Oh no! We’re too late. The train _______.—That’s Ok. We’ll catch the next train to London.A. was leavingB. had leftC. has leftD. has been leaving28. _________I have to give a speech, I get extremely nervous before I start.A. WhateverB. WheneverC. WhoeverD. However29. I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken30. It’s good to know _____ the dogs will be well cared for while we’re away.A. whatB. whoseC. whichD. that31. There is no simple answer, _____ is often the case in science.A. asB. thatC. whenD. where32. —This is a really lively party. There’s a great atmosphere, isn’t there?— ________ The hosts know how to host a party.A. Don't worryB. Yes, indeedC. No, there’s isn’tD. It all depends33. ________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn’t want to eat there again.A. Having eatenB. To eatC. EatD. Eating34. The Smiths are praised _______ the way they bring up their children.A. fromB. byC. atD. for35. Finally he reached a lonely island _________ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. whenB. whereC. whichD. whom第二节：完形填空<共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题地四个选项<A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处地最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑.I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people 36 I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a 37 person.I think my 38 started when I was at PalomarCollege. At first, I just wanted to get my 39 and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever 40 to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester, I was really 41 . It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So tried a(n> 42 . I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble I 43 to help. That was really a big 44 for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of 45 are still my best friends today.A bigger cause of my new 46 , however, came when I took a part-time job at a Vista Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimer’s disease became my 47 . Every time I came into her room, she was so 48 because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never 49 her, so I took her place. She let me 50 . that making others feel good make me feel good, too, when she died, I was 51 , but I was very grateful to her.I think I am a much 52 person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not 53 these experiences. They have 54 me to care about other people more than about myself. I 55 who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago.36. A. since B. before C. or D. unless37. A. famous B. simple C. different D. skilled38. A. education B. career C. tour D. change39. A. balance C. homework C. degree D. interest40. A. talked B. wrote C. lied D. reported41. A. careful B. lonely C. curious D. guilty42. A. argument B. game C. experiment D. defence43. A. dared B. offered C. hesitated D. happened44. A. dream B. problem C. duty D. step45. A. us B. which C. them D. whom46. A. attitude B. hobby C. hope D. luck47. A. friend B. partner C. guide D. guest48. A. polite B. happy C. strange D. confident49. A. bothered B. answered C. visited D. trusted50. A. explain B. guess C. declare D. see51. A. homeless B. heartbroken C. bad-tempered D. hopeless52. A. quieter B. busier C. better D. richer53. A. forget B. face C. improve D. analyze54. A. forced B. preferred C. ordered D. taught55. A. miss B. like C. wonder D. expect第三部分：阅读理解<共20小题；每小题2分，满分 40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给地四个选项<A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑.AJimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. He has good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.One day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview. His appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8:30. While waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed ot be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. Obviously there was something wrong with the car. Jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. When Jimmy finished working on the car, the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. Jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. Then the old man said, “Well, I could take you to the office for your interview. It’s the least I could do. Please. I insist.” Jimmy agreed.Upon arrival, Jimmy found a long line of applications waiting to be interviewed. Jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt. One by one, the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed look on their faces. Finally his name was called. The interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. Rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “Do you really need to be interviewed?” Jimmy’s heart sank. “With the way I look now, how could I possibly pass this interview?” he thought to himself.Then the interviewer turned the chair and to Jimmy’s surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. It turned out he was the General Manager of the company.“Sorry I had to keep you waiting, but I was pretty sure I mad e the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into the office. I just know you’d be a trustworthy worker. Congratulations!” Jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of well-deserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.56. Why did Jimmy apply for a new job?A. He was out of workB. He was bored with his jobC. He wanted a higher positionD. He hoped to find a better boss57. What did Jimmy see on the way to the interview?A. A friend’s car had a flat tyreB. a wild man wa s pushing a carC. a terrible accident happenedD. an old man’s car broke down58. Why did the old man offer Jimmy a ride?A. He was also to be interviewedB. He needed a traveling companionC. He always helped people in needD. He was thankful to Jimmy59. How did Jimmy feel on hearing the interviewer’s question?A. He was sorry for the other applicantsB. There was no hope for him to get the jobC. He regretted helping the old manD. The interviewer was very rude60. A. What can we learn from Jimmy’s experience？A. Where there is a will, there’s a wayB. A friend in need is a friend indeedC. Good is rewarded with good.D. Two heads are better than oneBGeorge Gershwin, born in 1998, was one of America’s greatest composers. He published his first song when the was eighteen years old. During the next twenty years he wrote more than five hundred songs.Many of Gershwin’s songs were first written for musical plays performed in theatres in New York City. These palys were a popular form of entertainment in the 1920s and 1930s. Many of his songs have remained popular as ever. Over the years they have been sung and played in every possible way — from jazz to country.In the 1920s there was a debate in the United States about jazz music. Could jazz, some people asked, be considered serious music? In 1924 jazz musician and orchestra leader Paul Whiteman decided to organize a special concert to show that jazz was serious music. Gershwin agreed to compose something for the concert before he realized he had just a few weeks to do it. And in that short time, he composed a piece for piano and orchestra which he called Rhapsody in Blue. Gershwin himself played the piano at the concert. The audience were thrilled when they heard his music. It made him world-famous and showed that jazz music could be both serious and popular. In 1928, Gershwin went to Paris. He applied to study composition (作曲>with the well-known musician Nadia Boulanger, but she rejected him. She was afraid that classical study would ruin his jazz-influenced style. While there, Gershwin wrote An American in Paris. When it was first performed, critics (评论家>were divided over the music. Some called it happy and full of life, to others it was silly and boring. But it quickly became popular in Europe and the United States. It sill remains one of his most famous works.George Gershwin died in 1937, just days after doctors learned he had brain cancer. He was only thirty-nine years old. Newspapers all over the world reported his death on their front pages. People mourned the loss of the man and all the music he might have still written.61. Many of Gershwin’s musical works were ________ .A. written about New YorkersB. Composed for Paul WhitemanC. played mainly in the countrysideD. performed in various ways62. What do we know about the concert organized by Whiteman?A. It attracted more people to theatresB. It proved jazz could be serious musicC. It made Gershwin leader of the orchestraD. It caused a debate among jazz musicians.63. What did Gershwin do during his stay in Paris?A. He created one of his best worksB. He studied with Nadia BoulangerC. He argued with French criticsD. He changed his music style64. What do we learn from the last paragraph?A. Many of Gershwin’s works were lostB. The death of Gershwin was widely reportedC. A concert was held in memory of GershwinD. Brain cancer research started after Gershwin’s death.65. Which of the following best describes Gershwin?A. Talented and productiveB. Serious and boringC. popular and unhappyD. Friendly and honestCYou can’t always predict a heavy rain or remember your umbrella. But designer Mikhail Belvacv doesn’t think that forgetting to check the weather forecast before heading out should result in you getting wet. That’s why h e created lampbrella, a lamp post with its own rain sensing umbrella. The designer says he come up with the idea after watching people get wet on streets in Russia. “once, I was driving on a central Saint Petersburg street ad saw the street lamps lighting up people trying to hide from the rain. I thought it would be appropriate to have a canopy(伞蓬>built into a street lamp.” he said.The lampbrella is a standard-looking street lamp fitted with an umbrella canopy. It has a built-in electric motor which can open or close the umbrella on demand. Sensors(传感器>then ensure that the umbrella offers pedestrians shelter whenever it starts raining.In addition to the rain sensor, there’s also a 360°motion sensor on the biberglass street lamp which detects whether any one’s using the lampbrella. After three minutes of not being used the canopy is closed.According to the designer, the lampbrella would move at a relatively low speed, so as not to cause harm to the pedestrians. Besides, it would be grounded to protect from possible lighting strike.Each lampbrella would offer enough shelter for several people. Being installed at 2 meters off the ground, it would only be a danger for the tallest of pedestrians.While there are no plans to take lampbrella into production, Belyacv says he recently introduced his creation one Moscow Department, and insists this creation could be installed on my street where a lot of people walk but there are no canopies to provide shelter.66. For what purpose did Belyacv create the lampbrella?A. To predict a heavy rainB. To check the weather forecastC. To protect people from the rainD. To remind people to take an umbrella67. What do we know from Belyacv’s worlds in Paragraph2?A. His creation was inspired by an experienceB. it rains a lot in the city of Saint PetersburgC. Street lamps are protected by canopiesD. He enjoyed taking walks in the rain68. Which of the following show how the lampbrella works?A. motor→canopy→sensorsB. Sensors→motor→canopyC. motor→sensors→canopyD. canopy→motor→sensors69. What does paragraph 5 mainly tell us about the lampbrella?A. Its moving speedB. Its appearanceC. Its installationD. Its safety70. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The designer will open a company to promote his productB. The lampbrella could be put into immediate productionC. The designer is confident that his creation is practicalD. The lampbrella would be put on show in MoscowDSparrow is a fast-food chain with 200 restaurants. Some years ago, the group to which Sparrow belonged was taken over by another company. Although Sparrow showed no sign of declining, the chain was generally in an unhealthy state. With more and more fast-food concepts reaching the market, the Sparrow menu had to struggle for attention. And to make matters worse, its new owner had no plans to give it the funds it required.Sparrow failed to grow for another two years. Until a new CEO, Carl Pearson, decided to build up its market share. He did a survey, which showed that consumers who already used Sparrow restaurants were extremely positive about the chain, while customers of other fast-food chains were unwilling to turn away from them. Sparrow had to develop a new promotional campaign. Pearson faced a battle over the future of the Spa rrow brand. The chain’s owner now favored rebranding Sparrow as Marcy’s restaurants. Pearson resisted, arguing for an advertising campaign designed to convince customers that visits to Sparrow restaurants were fun. Such an attempt toestablish a positive relationship between a company and the general public was unusual for that time. Pearson strongly believed that numbers were the key to success, rather than customers’ speeding power. Finally, the owner accepted his idea.The campaign itself changed the traditional advertising style of the fast-food industry. The TV ads of Sparrow focused on entertainment and featured original sons performed by a variety of stars. Instead of showing the superiority of a specific product, the intension was to put Sparrow in the hearts of potential customers.Pearson also made other decisions which he believed would contribute to the new Sparrow image. For example, he offered to lower the rent of any restaurants which achieved a certain increase in their turnover. (营业额>These efforts paid off, and Sparrow soon became one of the most successful fast-food chains in the regions where it operated.71. Which was one of the problems Sparrow faced before Pearson became CEO?A. The number of its customers was decliningB. Its customers found the food unhealthyC. It was in need of financial supportD. Most of its restaurants were closed72. What does the underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Customers of Sparrow restaurantsB. Sparrow restaurantsC. Customers of other fast-food chainsD. other fast-food chains73. For what purpose did Pearson start the advertising campaign?A. To build a good relationship with the publicB. To stress the unusual tradition of SparrowC. To lean about customers; spending power.D. T o meet the challenge from Marcy’s restaurants.74. The TV ads of Sparrow ________ .A. changed people’s views on pop starsB. amused the public with original songsC. focused on the superiority of its productsD. influenced the eating habits of the audience75. What was Pearson’s achievement as a CEO?A. He managed to pay off Sparrow’s debts.B. He made Sparrow much more competitiveC. He helped Sparrow take over a companyD. He improved the welfare of Sparrow employees第II卷第四部分：书面表达<共两节，满分45分）第一节阅读表达 <第76、77、80题每题3分，第78题4分，79题2分，满分15分）阅读下面短文并用英语回答问题，交答案与在答题卡相应地位置上<请注意76、77、79和80四个小题后面地词数要求）.[1] Jean Paul Getty was born in 1892 in Minneapolis, Minnesota. He became a millionaire when he was only 24. His father was wealthy, but he did not help his son. Getty made his millions alone. He made his money from oil. He owned Getty Oil and over 100 other companies. The Fortune magazine once called Getty “the richest man in the world.”[2]But money _________. He married five times and divorced five times. He had five children but spent little time with them. None of Getty’s children had very happy lives.[3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephone in the guest’s bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.[4] In 1973, kidnappers took his 16-year-old grandson, and demanded a large amount of money for his safe return. Getty’s son asked his father for mon ey to save his child. But Getty refused. The kidnappers were merciless and Getty’s son made repeated requests for help from his father. Finally, Getty agreed to lend the money, but at 4 percent interest.[5] Getty started a museum at his home Malibu, California. He bought many important and beautiful pieces of art for the museum. When Getty died in 1976, the value of the collection in the museum was $1 billion. He left all his money to the museum. After his death, the museum grew in size. Today it is one of the most important museums in the United States. Getty made a large fortune in his life, but he gave his money to the art world because he wanted people to learn about and love art.76. What is the main idea of Paragraph 1? (no more than 8 words>_______________________________________________________________________________ 77. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 7 words>_______________________________________________________________________________ 78. Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph3._______________________________________________________________________________ 79. What did the kidnappers do to Getty’s family (no more than 10 words>_______________________________________________________________________________ 80. What does the author want to tell us about Getty in the last paragraph? (no more than 10 words>_______________________________________________________________________________第二节写作<满分30分）假如你是新华中学地学生李华，你地美国朋友Tom一周前给你发电子邮件，询问你暑假里地打算，但你因准备期末考试未能及时回复.请根据双下要点给他回封邮件：1. 未及时回信地原因；个人收集整理-仅供参考2. 你假期地打算<如做兼职、旅行、做志愿者等）注意：1. 词数：120-150；2 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯.2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试<山东卷）答案选择题：1—10：ACACBCBABA 11—20：BACAABCBCC 21—30：ABCBADCBCD 31—40：ABADCBCDCA 41—50：BCBDCAABCD 51—60：BCADBADDBC 61——70：DBABACABDC 71—75：CDABB76：Getty was a self-made millionaire ./Getty became rich through his own effort.77: did not buy happiness for Getty.78:Although he was very rich,Getty hate to spend money.79:They took Getty’s grandson and asked for money.80:Getty made a great contribution to the art world./Getty had another side.书面表达：略申明：所有资料为本人收集整理，仅限个人学习使用，勿做商业用途.11 / 11。

2017年山东大学621实践英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2017年山东大学621实践英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Multiple choices(每题1分，共10分)There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. During the interview, the singer said that she was going to _____ her new album soon.A. releaseB. renewC. relieveD. rehearse【答案】A【解析】句意：在采访中，这名歌手表示她很快就会发布自己的新专辑。

release发布；释放。

renew更新。

relieve解除；减轻。

rehearse排练；演习。

2. The future of this world famous company is _____: many of its talented employees are leaving to join other more profitable businesses.A. at oddsB. at randomC. in vainD. at stake【答案】D【解析】句意：这家世界知名公司的未来岌岌可危：许多人才正准备加入其他盈利更高的公司。

at stake处于危险中。

at odds发生冲突。

in trouble有麻烦。

in vain徒劳，白费工夫。

3. In return for two bottles of Vodka, he taught Vlad the _____ of computer operation.A. basicsB. basicC. elementaryD. elements【答案】D【解析】句意：为了回报瓦尔德的两瓶伏特加，他教了瓦尔德电脑操作的基本知识。

2016年山东大学621实践英语考研真题及详解【圣才出品】

2016年山东大学621实践英语考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Multiple choices(每题1分，共10分)There are 10 incomplete sentences in this section. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose ONE answer that best completes the sentence.1. They are deliberately flouting the law in order to obtain an advantage _____ their competitors.A. amongB. overC. toD. for【答案】B【解析】句意：他们故意违反法律来获得竞争优势。

advantage over表示“占优势”，符合题意，所以选B项。

其余三项均不能与advantage搭配。

2. So absorbed in the computer game _____ that his mother has to force him to break for sports.A. became the boyB. the boy becomesC. had the boy becomeD. does the boy become【答案】D【解析】句意：男孩如此沉迷于电脑游戏，以至于他的妈妈不得不让他去做运动。

本句为部分倒装句，当句子以“so...that...”的形式出现时，且“so+adj”放在句首时，句子需部分倒装，即情态动词/助动词放在主语的前面，所以首先排除A，B项，又因为本句时态为一般现在时，故答案为D项。

3. Let’s see the movie the teacher mentioned, _____?A. don’t weB. do weC. shall weD. shan’t we【答案】C【解析】句意：让我们去看老师提到的电影，可以吗？当主句是祈使句并且句首为“Let’s”时，反义疑问句要用“shall we”。

2018年考研英语二试题与答案解析.doc

2018 年考研英语二试题与答案解析(完整版 )——跨考教育英语教研室Section I Use of EnglishDirections ：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blankand mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-sev en were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the student s who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurr ed more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experime nts reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chal kboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is of ten considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a fi nal experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel afte r viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.Thes e results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ah ead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.I n other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliant C. self-evident D.self-deceptive15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal17. A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18. A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A. whether B.why C.where D.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences Section Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. （ 40 points ）Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdomthat students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he ’ s also found andkiof insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “ havethat stereotype..that it ’ sfor kids who can ’ tmake it academically, ” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America ’sevolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’ s degrees-andtheforsubtleall devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’nots the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’degrees opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country onits political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap inworking- class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equippdo them.Koziatek ’ s Manchester School of Technology High School istrying to fill that gap.Koziatek’ s chool is a wake-up call.When education becomesone-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.21.【题干】 A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of_____A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.【题干】 There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kidswho______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.【题干】 We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A.are entitled to more“ ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.【题干】 The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees for all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.【题干】 The author ’attitudes toward Koziatek ’school can be described as_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautiousText2While fossil fuels- coal,oil,gas- still generate roughly 85percent of the world's energy supply,it'sclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewablesources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentumaround the world: They now account for more than half ofnew power sourcesgoing on line.Some growth stems from a commitment bygovernments and farsighted Businssesto fundcleanerenergy sources.But increasinglythestoryisabout theplummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.The cost ofsolarpanels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close taone-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland,for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels - especially coal - as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source, But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state's electricity generation - and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question “whathappens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn'ts hine?" has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage apacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in par by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarityon roads now. this massive investment could change the picture rapidly incomin g years.While there's a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up perhaps: just in time to have ameaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does-ordoesn't do- to promote alternative energy may mean less and less a time ofa global shift in thought.26.【题干】 The word "plummeting"(Line 3,Para.2)is closest in meaningto______【选项】A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.【题干】According to Paragraph 3,the use of renewable energy inAmerica ______【选项】A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. 【题干】 It can be learned that in Iowa,______.【选项】A. wind is a widely used energy sourceB. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.【题干】Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult. 30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.【选项】A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its cost30.【题干】 It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy _____.【选项】A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to itscost Text 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain WholeFoods for $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than thatto acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn ’havet any physicalproduct at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finelydetailed web of its users ships’ friendandsocial lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not linkphone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soonas the deal went through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and stillcould be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know themakeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’ s enemies are curren plotting? It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460 shops ft owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what. Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances ofpower. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace ofchange within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressedand remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by newabuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition lawas presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and thisis not obvious when the users of these services don’ t pay for them. The utheir services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they ’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to datafor the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids forthe honeydew they produce whe31【.题干】According to Paragraph1，Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its。

2018山东大学本科英语1-1.2.3测试题附答案

2018山东大学本科英语1-1.2.3测试题附答案I. Vocabulary and Structure1. — Hello!May I talk to the manager about the price? — A.A. Sorry, he is out at the momentB. No, you can’tC. Sorry, you can’tD. I don’t know2. —I’m terribly sorry that I made your table cloth dirty.—__A____.A. Never mindB. Don’t mention itC. That’s rightD. Sorry3. ― Do you mind if I open the window?―____B__ I feel a bit cold.A. Of course not.B. I’d rather you didn’t.C. Go ahead.D. Why not?4. —Excuse me, sir. Where is Dr. Smith’s office?— D.A. You can’t ask meB. Good questionC. Please don’t say soD. Sorry I don’t know, but you can ask the man over there5. — Good morning, sir. May I help you?— C.A. No, I don’t buy anythingB. No, I don’t need your helpC. Yes, I need some saltD. Oh, no. That’s Ok6. Since he left the university, he ___A__ in an accounting company.A. has been workingB. had workedC. had been workingD. was working7. The weather in China is different from __C__.A. AmericaB. in AmericaC. that in AmericaD. one in America8. It was not until dawn ___B__ their way out of the forest.A. when they foundB. that they foundC. did they findD. that they didn’t find9. __A__ he says or does won’t make me change my mind at all.A. Whatever B However C. Which D. How10. We all believe that it’d be hard for him to __C___ extra responsibilities now.A. take apartB. take upC. take onD. take back11. We walked down the stairs instead ____B___taking the elevator.B. ofC. forD. by12. Time and tide wait _____D____no man.A. byB. atC. onD. for13. Health _____C____ on good food, fresh air and enough sleep.A. requiresB. requestsC. dependsD. spends14. The last time I saw him he ____B____ of retiring at the end of the year.A. has been talkingB. was talkingC. has talkedD. had talked15. The Dutch language is closely ___C______ to German.A. relevantB. relativeC. relatedD. revealing16. Dsecurity, the door was chained as well as locked.A. InB. AsC. With17. I think of that movie ___B____ one of the worst I’ve ever seen.A. forB. asC. withD. to18. Just ____C____you hate Mr. Green, I dislike his wife.A. beforeB. whileC. asD. when19. In manufacturing, cheaper materials are constantly being substituted _____A______the better, more expensive kind.A. forB. byC. withD. out20. A bad cold may ___A____to pneumonia.A. leadB. causeC. resultD. give21. The program aims to provide self-sufficiency C local needs.A. inB. onC. forD. with22. The change _____D___his income.A. has enactedB. has infectedC. has effectedD. has affected23. Most adults who are learning a foreign language would disagree ___C_____ the statement that it is unnecessary for them to be taught grammar.A. toB. upC. withD. at24. The nuclear family usually ____A____ two parents and their children.A. consists ofB. composes ofC. is consisted ofD. made of25. The motor car has been ____C____ for many changes in the environment.A. tiredB. boredC. responsibleD. interestingII. ClozeThere are 10 blanks in the following passage(s). For each blank there are five choices marked A, B, C, D and E. Choose the ONE that best fits into the passage(s).In China it is relatively usual to ask people their age, but in the West this question is generally regarded as impolite. This is particularly true36women, and even more than37 if the inquireris a man.However, it is very 38to ask children their age, and some adults may not mind39either. In fact, some elderly people are quite happy to40their age, especially if they feel they look young41 their age. Nevertheless, it is not very wise to ask a(n)42 question like "How old are you?". If elderly people want to talk about their age, and perhaps receive a compliment on how young they look, they may easily43the topic themselves, and ask the other person to44 how old they are.45 such a question, it is quite acceptable to discuss age in a free way. They normally expect to be complimented on their youthfulness, though rather than to be told that they look very old!B36. A. on B. for C. in D. ofA37. A. that B. such C. than D. soB38. A. average B. normal C. expected D. unusualA39. A. being asked B. asking C. to ask D. to be askedC40. A. release B. reflect C. reveal D. remarkD41. A. to B. with C. for D. atD 42. A. open B. strange C. impolite D. directB43. A. bring about B. bring up C. bring along D. bring toA44. A. guess B. know C. learn D. predictB45. A. For B. With C. In D. OnIII. Reading ComprehensionPassage 1Driving cars, trucks and motorcycles is an important part of our lives. We do it every day to get to work, to school or to friends' houses.Driving can be very convenient, but can also cause many problems. Waiting in line at a red light, a driver may get impatient and decide just to drive right through it. If another car is comingfrom the other direction, there might be a terrible accident. Cutting another car off can make its driver angry, so that driver cuts off someone else. Pretty soon everybody is angry, and impatient.Traffic accidents declare millions of lives every year worldwide. In Taiwan alone, over seven people are killed in accidents every day. The annual death rate (年死亡率) from traffic accidents in Taiwan is twice that of Japan.To allow traffic to move smoothly and safely, everybody must follow the rules. Before you drive, learn all the traffic laws. That way of driving is safe, convenient and even fun!46.The word ―convenient ‖in the passage means ____A____ .A. handy, easy to doB. that can be changedC. fond of drinking and merry-makingD. carriages or other trucks47. If you cut another car off, its driver may be ___A____.A. impatientB .terribleC. angryD. both A and B48. The sentence " Traffic accidents declare millions of lives "means "___B____".A. Traffic accidents make some people become millionairesB. Many people die from traffic accidentsC. Millions of people say they themselves have had traffic accidentsD. Millions of people remain healthy after traffic accidents49.According to the passage, driving can be safe if ___A___.A. you are patientB. you obey all the traffic rulesC. you don't cut another car offD. you wait in line at a red light50. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage? ____A___.A. Traffic SafetyB. CarefulC. How To Drive A CarD. A Traffic AccidentIV. Translate the following sentences into Chinese.1.Some people who are very intelligent and successful in their fields find it difficult tosucceed in language learning.一些很有才智在他们的领域很成功的人发现他们自己学习语言有困难。

2018山东高考英语真题(附答案)

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2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项:1。

答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2。

回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上.录音内容结束后,你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题：每小题1。

5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题.每段对话仅读一遍.例： How much is the shirt？A。

￡19。

15。

B。

￡9。

18. C. ￡9.15。

答案是C.1。

What will James do tomorrow？A. Watch a TV program.B. Give a talk。

C.Write a report。

2. What can we say about the woman?A. She’s generous. B。

2018山东高考英语真题(附答案)

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语注意事项:1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。

2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第一部分听力（共两节,满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节（共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7。

5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A。

￡19.15。

B. ￡9.18。

C. ￡9。

15。

答案是C。

1。

What will James do tomorrow？A. Watch a TV program. B。

Give a talk. C.Write a report.2。

What can we say about the woman？A. She’s generous。

B。

She’s curious C. She’s helpful3. When does the train leave?A. At 6：30。

B。

At 8:30。

C。

At 10:30.4。

How docs the woman go to work?A. By car. B。

On foot. C.By bike。

5。

What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A。

Classmates。

B。

Teacher and student。

C. Doctor and patient.第二节(共15小题：每小题1。

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