北京外国语大学2004年同声翻译试题
北外历年英汉同声传译专业考研试题2001--2009
北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷 (1)北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班) (6)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (22)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (27)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (32)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (36)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (41)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (45)北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷I.将下列文章译成汉语(50分)India and China need help to grow, not hectoringEvery time there is a spike in oil prices, or when food costs more, or there is a renewed worry about carbon and climate change, academics, pundits, and the press immediately point to the high-consumption future of India and China.They are wrong to do so when we consider the causes of energy and food challenges, and, more importantly, when we think of the actions and policies needed to manage changes in coming decades. If it is questionable that India and China are to blame for the global energy crunch, it is even less acceptable to expect them to adhere to pleas to moderate their energy consumption.Historically, energy consumption has correlated with economic growth. The present debate over energy often focuses on two dimensions: climate change (from greenhouse gases), and the scarcity of fossil fuels.With growing populations and economies, India and China will certainly consume a growing fraction of global resources, but they consume only 3 per cent and 9 per cent, respectively, of the world's petroleum today. The global leader, the US, consumes just under a quarter.Looking at future options, why does it matter if India and China are or are not similar in terms of energy consumption and needs? Global treaties aim to modify future consumption, and mechanisms or formulae that are considered fair (and likely to be ratified) must be cognizant of differences. Given the differences in their systems, needs, and incentives, a proposal meant to appeal to both may not appeal to either. Without global participation, no solution is likely work.China already has the world's second-largest electricity grid, and, at current rates of growth, it will soon become the largest electricity producer in the world. Like India, most of this is based on coal, the least “green”of the leading fossil fuels.India's present installed electricity capacity is not in the same league. The result is that, for thecoming decade, it will not be able to grow at a rate anywhere near that of China. In absolute net growth, the US will add more than twice as much capacity than India in 2007-08.China's growth of energy consumption has been positive for its population. It has now provided electricity to an estimated 98 per cent of households, unlike India or Africa. India has not met its energy growth targets even in the absence of carbon constraints –can we realistically expect it to moderate due to global concerns when it will say it is not the prime polluter?(425)II.将下列短文译成汉语(25分)The Cause of EarthquakesThe earth is divided into three main layers - a hard outer crust, a soft middle layer and a center core. The outer crust is broken into massive, irregular pieces called "plates." These plates move very slowly, driven by energy forces deep within the earth. Earthquakes occur when these moving plates grind and scrape against each other.In California, the Pacific Plate and the North American Plate meet. The Pacific Plate covers most of the Pacific Ocean floor and the California coastline. The North American Plate stretches across the North American continent and parts of the Atlantic Ocean. The primary boundary between themis the San Andreas Fault. It is more than 650 miles long and extends 10 miles deep. Many smaller faults, such as the Hayward Fault, branch from the San Andreas Fault.The Pacific Plate grinds northwestward past the North American Plate at a rate of about two inches per year. Parts of the San Andreas Fault system adapt to this movement by a constant "creep" resulting in frequent, moderate, earth tremors. In other areas, movement is not constant and strain can build up for hundreds of years resulting in strong earthquakes when it is released.Unlike other natural disasters, there is no warning for earthquakes. Future earthquakes are a serious threat to Californians, which is why the Fire Department recommends preparing before an earthquake hits. (232)III. 将下列文章译成英语(50分)“将来韵韵考上‘北大’或‘牛津’，我可能都不会这么兴奋!”魏伦斯感慨道。
北外历年英汉同声传译专业考研试题2001--2009
北京外国语大学2009年硕士研究生入学考试复语同声传译专业试卷..................错误！未定义书签。
北京外国语大学2008年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷(复语班)...错误！未定义书签。
北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题. (1)北外2007年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (6)北外2006年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (11)北外2005年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (16)北外2004年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (21)北外2003年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (26)北外2002年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (30)北外2001年英汉同声传译专业考研试题 (34)北外2008年英汉同声传译专业考研试题Ⅰ.将下列段落译为汉语（25分）Outside Europe,the most important powers in 1939were undoubtedly Japan and the United States. Japan was at the time already deeply involved in hostilities with China.After seizing the northern provinces of that country in1931and organizing them into the puppet state of Manchukuo,Japan had tried to protect its rich loot and to expand its influence in China by a series of interventions, particularly in the rest of northern China.These steps had not surprisingly produced a rising tide of anti-Japanese sentiments in China,which in turn led the Japanese to embroil themselves even more deeply into Chinese affairs.When this tendency to interfere in China was combined with a degree of internal confusion and incoherence within the Japanese government that made the Chinese warlords of thetime look well organized,new trouble was almost certain to follow.(141words)Ⅱ.将下列短文译为汉语（50分）Inflation:China’s least wanted exportWhen inflation starts to kill people then it is a serious problem.Three people died and31were injured on Saturday in a stampede to buy cut-price cooking oil in the western Chinese city of Chongqing. China can no longer explain away inflation as a short-term result of floods and epidemics of animal disease?nor can it ignore the strains its macroeconomic policies are producing.Cooking oil is a special case?its price influenced by demand from China’s glut of new biofuel refineries?but the broader price of food has risen in recent months by more than15per cent compared with a year earlier.Floods and other acts of God have had their effect,as has the global rise in wheat prices,but there are structural forces at work as well.Nor is inflation confined to food any longer: producer prices are creeping up.The PPI for manufactured goods was up3.2per cent in October? many steel products rose by more than10per cent? and the PPI is likely to go even higher when the recent10per cent hike in the controlled pump price of diesel feeds through.Given the likelihood thatmore state-controlled prices will have to rise,and given that the official inflation data do not properly capture important prices,such as the cost of education,the real situation may be even worse.That is a worry for the rest of the world,used to enjoying the“China price”,a seemingly open-ended deflationary pressure on the world economy.The surge in Chinese inflation since June has barely fed through into export prices yet?but it will.China’s currency has also been gently appreciating,but so far improvements in productivity have meant that Chinese manufacturers have not needed to raise export prices.If currency appreciation speeds up,that will change.The renminbi may have to rise faster because the tools that China is using to tackle inflation have not worked.Bank reserve requirements were hiked again over the weekend,to13.5per cent,but the strain on the banking sector’s profitability will start to tell.Interest rates have risen repeatedly,but with CPI inflation above6per cent,and benchmark lending rates only slightly higher,real interest rates are low.There must now be a low,but non-zero, probability that China opts for a one-off revaluation of the renminbi in order to ease its domestic monetary problems.That would be the right move. The adjustment would be easier both for China andfor the rest of the world if the renminbi had not been kept so low for so long.But the pain of unwinding global imbalances will only get worse the longer they are left.(451words)Ⅲ.将下列段落译为英语（25分）科学发展观是协调的发展观。
北外高翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓
北外⾼翻同传专业翻译课考试资料--by李长栓2010年北京外国语⼤学⾼级翻译学院⼊学考试备⽤试卷参考译⽂（汉译英部分）李长栓三、将下列段落译为英语（25分）⽓候变化对中国农业⽣产、粮⾷安全、经济发展、⽣态保护、⽔资源利⽤、公共健康保障都将带来重⼤威胁。
积极应对⽓候变化是中国实现可持续发展的内在要求。
中国正处在全⾯建设⼩康社会的关键时期, 处于⼯业化、城镇化加快发展的重要阶段,发展经济和减缓⽓候变化任务⼗分繁重。
在⽬前的发展阶段,能源结构以煤为主,经济结构性⽭盾仍然突出,增长⽅式依然粗放,能源资源利⽤效率较低,能源需求还将继续增长,控制温室⽓体排放⾯临巨⼤压⼒和特殊困难。
（209字）译⽂：Climate change [1]will pose serious challenges to China's food production[2], economic development, ecological conservation, exploitation of water resources and public health, and must be effectively addressed for sustainable development. On the other hand[3],this is the crucial stage to achieving the country‘s target of a complete-xiaokangsociety[4], during which faster industrialisation and urbanisation is necessary. China is therefore faced with the double challenge of growth and mitigation[5]. In addition[6], dependence on coal as the main energy source, energy intensive growth and low energy efficiency will trigger greater energy demand, and emission control will become an even[7] greater challenge.[1]汉译英考试，考查的是学⽣的英⽂表达能⼒。
2004年5月口译二级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2004年5月口译二级实务真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. English-Chinese Translation 2. Chinese-English TranslationPART 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points, 30 minutes)Interpret the following passages from English into Chinese. Start interpreting at the signal and stop it at the signal. You may take notes while you are listening. You will hear the passages only ONCE. Now let’s begin.1．下面你将听到一段有关非洲粮食安全问题的讲话。
I am pleased to welcome you to the United Nations for this first meeting of your contact group. Your focus on food security in Africa comes at a crucial time. The latest food crisis on the continent has brought home to us, more than ever before, the urgent need for a strategy to break the pattern of recurrent crises and bring about a Green Revolution in Africa. But achieving this will require radical approaches on multiple fronts. Africa has faced food crises in the past; it has faced deadly diseases; it has struggled to come to terms with governance challenges in states with limited capacity and resources. But rarely has the continent had to face the kind of intersecting challenges we see today. Today, Africa faces a deadly triad of related burdens—food insecurity, HIV/AIDS and an emaciated capacity to govern and provide services. We cannot find viable solutions to the challenge of food security unless we address the challenges of AIDS and governance at the same time. Food insecurity in Africa has structural causes. Most African farmers farm small plots of land that do not produce enough to meet the needs of their families. The problem is compounded by the farmers’lack of bargaining power and lack of access to land, finance and technology. This further weakens farmers’ability to withstand the impact of recurrent drought and the growing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Thirty million Africans now live with HIV, and the continent has borne the brunt of more than 20 million AIDS deaths worldwide. In some areas of Africa, more than 40 percent of the population is HIV-positive, and similar proportions are going hungry. The devastating impact of HIV/AIDS on food production—with seven million African farmers already dead—is only too obvious. Infection rates are rising among African women. The latest figures show that women make up 58 percent of Africans already infected. Because of AIDS, skills and knowledge are dying out rather than being passed from one generation to the next. Both at the household level and the government level, resources are being diverted from food production to health care. In turn, food shortages fuel the disease, through malnutrition, poverty and inequality. Clearly, breaking this destructive cycle poses a huge challenge to governance. It will require strong institutions, improved skills and innovative policies. But in an irony so typical of the age of AIDS, Africa’s ability to govern and to provide services is itself being stretched to breaking point by the disease. This interlocking set of issues facing Africa is far greater than the sum of its parts. Addressing the issue I have raised requires a new, integrated response from both the Governments of Africa and theinternational community. It requires a shift from short-term approaches to a reassessment of our entire strategy for development—or, taking long-term measures even when addressing short-term dies and gentlemen, The United Nations family is already joining forces to mount the coordinated effort needed. I hope you will work across the board with us, and with the Governments of Africa, in developing the range of revolutionary approaches we need to tackle the deadly triad and break the pattern of food crises in Africa. I opened my remarks with a message of despair; let me close with one hope. Yes, this is an unprecedented set of challenges. But your presence here today tells me that we have unprecedented consensus on the need to confront them. Together, we must mobilize the political will to succeed. Thank you very much.正确答案：欢迎各位来到联合国，参加本联络小组的第一次会议。
北京外国语大学高级英语翻译理论与实践院英汉互译同声传译专业考研经验
北外高翻英汉互译同声传译专业考研经验报考院校: 北京外国语大学高级翻译学院英汉互译（口译方向）我是从大三上学期开始准备考研的，其实本来没想这么早启动，因为偶然听了一场专业机构的讲座，在老师的提醒下意识到自己的目标比较高，竞争比较激烈，所以决定及早动手报了班开始全面复习，俗话说：早起的鸟儿有食吃。
考研首先要有一个明确的目标，也就说确定考研的院校、专业，由于不同的专业有不同的学习方法，所以明确了目标专业、学校，才能制定合理的学习计划。
对于考研，我想很重要的是合理的学习计划、有效的参考资料以及良好的心态。
在专业机构报了班了解到英语真题的文章主要出自欧美的一些权威期刊杂志，所以我从大三上学期就开始有意识的翻看一些外文杂志，包括：Economist、Times等，还有在图书馆里经常会翻的：Digest、China today、English World等。
由于开始的时间比较早，因此，在看的时候，并不着急，慢慢看，认真看，有问题的时候会问问专业机构的老师,这个是免费的,不会的单词一定要查，这样不仅能能有效提升阅读的能力，也能储备一些背景知识，这都是对付考研英语很重要的基本元素。
合理的学习计划对于一个准备考研的学生来说，如何在较短的时间内做到高效的复习？是很多人关心的问题，这里就凸显了计划的重要性，合理有效的计划是成功的不二法则。
培训机构的全程策划班给我们讲了一个基本的计划模版，我又根据个人的实际情况作了个性化的调整，下面将我的学习计划与大家分享一下：大三下学期开始开学，写计划，开始下决心认真准备：专业一轮：3.4.5.6月牢固基础，多看原版杂志；第二轮：7.8月暑假天热，在专业课强化班听教师指导，同时复习二外，开始看参考书；第三轮：9.10.11月强化政治，认真看，开始做题；二外也不丢，重点在杂志和翻译书上，多看多翻,经常让老师看自己的作品,让老师给意见,说实话,我都不好意思了,就报了一个班,确总去问问题,不过专业机构的教务老师每次还是很热情,安排老师给答疑；第四轮：12.1 冲刺，各科模拟题、真题，严格按时间限制练习，培养考试感觉：政治背大题，看时事，上了专业机构的冲刺点题班,重点击破可能的考点；二外再次认真看参考书、单词；杂志还是不能断，根据个人安排时间量；翻译真题，练习题，术语强记。
【北外】【北京外国语大学】【语言学与应用语言学】2004年【真题】
2004年语言学与应用语言学IMPORTANT!!!All the questions are to be answered in English on the answer sheets provided.1. Shakespeare has Juliet say:What is in a name?That which we call a roseBy any other name would smell as sweet.What do you think the above lines say to you about the relationship between the form (sounds) and meaning (concept) of a word in spoken language?Explain with positive evidence as well as exceptions from the English language. (15 points)2.How much does our language influence the way we think? How deeply do language and culture interpenetrate and influence one another?These questions about language have fascinated thinkers throughout the ages.For example,Johann Gottfried Herder and Wilhelm von Humboldt in the German Romantic tradition regarded language as a prisma or grid spread over things in the world so that each language reflects a different worldview. Write a short essay to explain your position on this view. (35 points)3.Is English a language that uses a phonetic alphabet system? Explain briefly why or why not with examples. (15 points)4.Suppose you were given four cards,each of which had a different phoneme of English printed on it:/k/, /b/, /l/, /i/Now arrange these cards to form all "possible" words that these four phonemes could form. Discuss what rules you have followed to come up with these words. (20 points)5.Paraphrase each of the following sentences in two different ways to show that you understand the ambiguity involved: (10 points)a. Dick finally decided on the boat.b. The professor's appointment was shocking.c. The governor is a dirty street fighter.d. T erry loves his wife and so do I.e. No smoking section available.6.It is argued that grammatically judgments do not depend on whether the sentence is meaningful or not,as shown by the sentence "Colorless green ideas sleep furiously",which doesn't make much sense but is syntactically well formed. How would you respond to this argument? (25 points)7.TOEFL often requires the examinees to specify the situational context after listening to a conversation.See for example a tape-script below for an exam item:Voice A (male): How much is this tie?Voice B (female): Forty.Voice C (male): Where does this conversation most probably take place?What do you think is the TOEFL people's belief about what constitutes linguistic competence and how linguistic competence can be tested? (30 points)。
同声传译答案-Unit 4
第4单元同声传译注意力分配Reference Key to ExercisesText 1Honourable Leaders, Distinguished Guests, Ladies and Gentlemen, Good morning!Macao and Zhuhai have long been tied up in trade and commerce. Since the Handover of Macao in December 1999, the connections have been further strengthened through the co-organization of a joint promotion event of the Macao-Zhuhai Investment Environment in 2001 and a promotional event for the Zhuhai-Macao Cross-Border Industrial Zone in 2004 respectively. Currently, faced with new opportunities for the economic development in both places, under the proposal of Zhuhai, the governments of the two regions join hands together again and co-organize the Zhuhai-Macao Seminar on Investment Promotion and Trade Exchange in co-operation with the Investment Promotion Agency of the Ministry of Commerce and the Department of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation of Guangdong Province. The governments of the two regions take this opportunity to share our fruitful results in regional cooperations and promote the complementary features and investment environment of the two regions.Since the Handover, under the principle of “One Country, Two Systems”, and with the support of the Central People’s Government as well as the joint efforts of all social sectors, Macao has attained desirable economic growth for seven consecutive years. The GDP growth of Macao was recorded as 16.6% last year. The total number of visitors has exceeded 8.59 million over the first four months this year, a growth of 20.8% over a year earlier. The number of newly incorporated companies has increased by 6.6% in comparison to the same period last year. The World Trade Organization has conducted a review on Macao’s trade policy and confirmed that Macao remained one of the freest and most open regions in the world in terms of trade and investment policy.At present, tourism and entertainment form the major industry of Macao. While fostering rapid economic development, they have also laid a solid foundation for Macao as a regional trade and service platform. Macao SAR is a service-oriented international free port and separate customs territory. There are no restrictions on foreign exchange and flow of capital. Macao pursues a simple and low taxation system with a ceiling rate of 12%for complementary tax and personal income tax. Its infrastructure has been constantly improving. With the Chinese Mainland as its hinterland, Macao has established close ties with the European Union, Portuguese-speaking countries and the organizations of Chinese entrepreneurs around the world. It laid the foundation for Mainland enterprises, particularly the private enterprises and small and medium enterprises in Zhuhai, to venture outside China and overseas enterprises to access Mainland markets through Macao.However, we are also acutely conscious that, for Macao, a small economy with a population of only 510,000 and a total land area of less than 30 square kilometres, to align with other countries and integrate with neighbouring economies is the best option for its forthcoming development in economic diversity and sustainable development. Macao and Zhuhai are adjacent to each other, sharing the same Cantonese cultural background. With such close ties in terms of geographical location and human characteristics, the two places enjoy excellent foundations for cooperation. In view of the differences in social systems, natural resources and economic structure between Zhuhai and Macao, it is necessary to develop a mutually complementary cooperation relationship when a new round of development opportunities arises. Following the expansion and implementation of CEPA, the furtherance of the PPRD regional cooperation, the new pattern of Guangdong-Macao cooperation in the three areas of economy and trade, social well-being and cultural development, as well as the official launch of the cross-border industrial zone, the cooperation between Guangdong and Macao have developed in both levels and depth. Industrial transfer and cross-border joint operation have already become common practices in regional cooperation. On the foundation of cooperation and development of the manufacturing industry in Zhuhai and Macao, service projects have been launched orderly, and cooperation of service enterprises has also increased, the cooperation of the service industry will become a new trend in Zhuhai-Macao cooperation.It is worth mentioning that building Macao as a trade and service platform is a strategic option in the sustainable development of Macao economy. The development in competitive and high value-added service industries such as convention and exhibition, commercial support and professional services, off-shore services, transportation and logistics can strengthen the competitive edge of Macao, and also provide abundant cooperation opportunities for enterprises in the region.Over the years, the Macao International Trade and Investment Fair (MIF) has become an integrated exposition comprised of high rank politicaland economic forum, product exhibition, business matching, international purchasing and professional presentation and serves as a service platform of information exchange and cooperation for the commercial and industrial sector. The 12th MIF will be held from 18 to 21 October at the new Venetian Macao Convention and Exhibition Centre, which is Asia’s number one large-scale comprehensive holiday resort integrating the functions of hotel facilities, entertainment, shopping and performing arts. Two major MIF partner exhibitions, namely the Mega Macao and the World Brand Exposition will also be held during the 12th MIF. We would like to welcome all officials and entrepreneurs to visit Macao and join relevant activities, and take full advantage of Macao as the service platform to strengthen the cooperation with international enterprises.Here, I wish this trade exchange every success and I sincerely hope that the activity will provide more business opportunities for the entrepreneurs present here. Finally, I would ask you to join me in watching a three-minute presentation video about MIF.Thank you!(Full text of the remarks by Lee Peng Hong, President of Macao Trade and Investment Promotion Institute at “2007 Zhuhai-Macao Seminar on Investment Promotion and Trade Exchange” on May 28, 2007, as transcribed)Text 2下午好，女士们、先生们。
北京外国语大学 北外 2004年英美文学 考研真题及答案解析
北京外国语大学2004年硕士生入学考试英语语言文学专业试卷Time Limit: Three Hours Total Points: 150All answers must be written on the answer sheets.Section 1 Matching（30 points）Match each of the following ten passages with its source. There are more sources than passages here, and one source may be matched with more than one passage.Write the passage number and the corresponding source letter for each answer. For example, suppose Passage 11 is the following:Only one same reason is shared by all of us: we wish to create worlds as real as, but other than the world that is. Or was. This is why we cannot plan. We know a world is an organism, not a machine. We also know that a genuinely created world must be independent of its creator; a planned world (a world that fully reveals its planning) is a dead world. It is only when our characters and events begin to disobey us that they begin to live.And its source is [M] John Fowles. Then your answer will be 11M.Sources (From A to L)[Al Geoffrey Chaucer [G] Ernest Hemingway[B] Kate Chopin [H] John Keats[C] Joseph Conrad [I] D. H. Lawrence[D] Frederick Douglass [J] Percy Bysshe Shelley[E] T. S. Eliot [K] John Steinbeck[Fl Thomas Hardy [L] Harriet Beecher StowePassages1. The meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a haze, in the likeness of one of these halos that sometimes are made visible by the spectral illumination of moonshine.2. The migrant people, scuttling for work, scrabbling to live, looked always for pleasure, dug for pleasure, manufactured pleasure, and they were hungry for amusement.3. A green and yellow parrot, which hung in a cage outside the door, kept repeating over and over:"Allez vous-en.t Allez vous-en! Sapristi.t That's all fight!"4. In that dizzy moment her feet to her scarce seemed to touch the ground, and a moment brought, her to the water's edge. Right on behind they came, and, nerved with strength such as God gives only to the desperate, with one wild cry, and flying leap, she vaulted sheer over the turbid current by the shore, on to the raft of ice beyond.5. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it.By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.6. We two whites stood over him, and his lustrous and inquiring glance enveloped us both. I declare it looked as though he would presently put to us some question in an understandable language; but he died without uttering a sound, without moving a limb, without twitching a muscle. Only in the very last moment, as though in response to some sign we could not see, to some whisper we could not hear, he frowned heavily, and that frown gave to his black death-mask an inconceivably somber, brooding, and menacing expression.7. It is the same! —For, be it joy or sorrow,The path of its departure still is free;Man's yesterday may ne'er'be like his morrow;Nought may endure but Mutability.8. A snake came to my water troughOn a hot, hot day, and I in pajamas for the heat,To drink there.9.The river's tent is broken: the last fingers of leafClutch and sink into the wet bank. The windCrosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed.10.Good table manners she had learnt as well:She never let a crumb from her mouth fall;She never soiled her fingers, dipping deepInto the sauce; when lifting to her lipsSome morsel, she was careful not to spillSo much as one small drop upon her breast.Her greatest pleasure was in etiquette.The following sections of the examination will be graded on both what you say and how you say it.Section2 Short Essays (90 points)I. Summarize the plot of the following story in your own words (around200 words). (30points)2. Comment on the role of the wicked boy in the story. (30points)3.What is the theme of the story? Pay particular attention to the ending. (30points)A Wicked BoyBy Anton ChekhovIvan Ivanych Lapkin, a young man of nice appearance, and Anna Semionovna Zamblitskaia, a young girl with a little mined-up nose, went down the steep bank and sat down on a small bench. The bench stood right by the water among some thick young osier bushes. What a wonderful little place! Once you've sat down, you were hidden from the world—only the fish saw you, and the water-tigers, running like lightning over the water. The young people were armed with rods, nets, cans of worms, and other fishing equipment. Having sat down, they started fishing right away."I'm glad we're alone at last," Lapkin began, looking around. "I have to tell you a lot of things, Anna Semionovna... an awful lot... when I saw you the first time.... You've got a bite.... then I understood what I'm living for, understood where my idol was--to whom I must devote my honest, active life... that must be a big one that's biting.... Seeing you, I feel in love for the first time, feel passionately in love! Wait before you give it a jerk.... let it bite harder.... Tell me, my darling, I adjure you, may I count on--not on reciprocity, no! I'm not worthy of that, I dare not even think of that—may I count on .... Pull!"Anna Semionovna raised her hand with the rod in it, yanked, and cried out. A little silvery-green fish shimmered in the air."My Lord, a perch! Ah, ah.... Quickly! It's getting free!"The perch got free of the hook, flopped through the' grass toward its native element.... and plopped into the water!In pursuit of the fish, Lapkin somehow inadvertently grabbed Anna Semionovna's hand instead of the fish, inadvertently pressed it to his lips.... She quickly drew it back, but it was already too late; their mouths inadvertently merged in a kiss. It happened somehow inadvertently. Another kiss followed the first, then vows and protestations.... What happy minutes! However, in this earthly life there is no absolute happiness. Happiness usually carries a poison in itself, or else. is poisoned by something from outside. So this time, too. As the young people were kissing, a laugh suddenly rang out. They glanced at the river and were stupefied: a naked boy was standing in the water up to his waist. This was Kolia, a schoolboy, Anna Semionovna's brother. He was standing in the water, staring at the young people, and laughing maliciously."Ah-ah-ah... you're kissing?" he said. "That's great! I'll tell Mama.""I hope that you, as an honest young man..." muttered Lapkin, blushing. "It's low-down to spy, and to tell tales is foul and detestable... I assume that you, as an honest and noble young man...""Give me a ruble and then I won't tell!" said the noble young man. "Or else I will."Lapkin pulled a ruble out of his pocket and gave it to Kolia. Kolia squeezed the ruble in his wet fist, whistled, and swam off. And the young people didn't kiss any more that time.The next day Lapkin brought Kolia some paints and a ball from town, and his sister gave him all her empty pill-boxes. After that they had to give him some cuff-links with dogs' heads on them. The wicked boy obviously liked all these things very much and, in order to get still more, he started keeping his eye on them. Wherever Lapkin and Anna Semionovna went, he went, too. He didn't leave them alone for a minute."The bastard!" Lapkin gnashed his teeth. "So little, and already such a real bastard! What's he going to be like later?!"All through June, Kolia made life impossible for the poor lovers. He threatened to tell on them, kept his eye on them, and demanded presents; it all wasn't enough for him, and he finally started talking about a pocket watch. And what then? They had to promise the watch.One time at dinner, when the waffle cookies were being passed, he suddenly burst out in aguffaw, winked an eye, and asked Lapkin:"Shall I tell? Huh?"Lapkin blushed terribly and started eating his napkin instead of the cookie. Anna Semionovna jumped up from the table and ran into the other room. And the young people found themselves in this position until the end of August, until the very day when, at last, Lapkin proposed to Anna Semionovna. Oh, what a happy day that was! Having talked to the parents of his bride, and having received their consent, Lapkin first of all ran out into the garden and started looking for Kolia. Once he had found him, he almost sobbed from delight and seized the wicked boy by the ear. Anna Semionovna, who had also been looking for Kolia, ran up, and seized him by the other ear. And you really ought to have seen what joy was written all over the lovers' faces as Kolia cried and begged them:"Dearest, darling, angels, I'll never do it again! Ow, ow! Forgive me!"And afterwards they both admitted that during the whole time they had been in love with each other they had never once felt such happiness, such breath-taking bliss as during those moments when they were pulling the wicked boy's ears.Section 3 Creative Thinking (30points)If you were the author, Somerset Maugham, what title would you give to the story below? Generate as many titles as you can before deciding on the best one. Be creative and go for quantity; list at least 10 titles.There was a merchant in Bagdad who sent his servant to market to buy provisions, and in a little while the servant came back, white and trembling, and said, "Master, just now when I was in the market, I was jostled by a woman in the crowd and when I turned I saw it was Death that jostled me. She looked at me and made a threatening gesture; now, lend me your horse, and I will ride away from this city and avoid my fate. I will go to Samarra and there Death will not find me." The merchant lent him his horse, and the servant mounted it, and he dug his spurs in its flanks and as fast as the horse could gallop he went. Then the merchant went down to the market, and he saw Death standing in the crowd and he came to Death and said, “Why did you make a threatening gesture to my servant when you saw him this morning?” “That was not a threatening gesture,”Death said. “It was only a start of surprise. I was astonished to see him in Bagdad, for I had an appointment with him tonight in Samarra.”Section4 Critical Thinking (20-point bonus)You do not have to do the task in this section, but you will get a 20-point bonus if you do it correctly.Identify errors in logic, if any, in the following arguments. Justify your answers.1. Hey, John, check this out! Two weeks ago, I bought this good luck charm, and I’ve been carrying with me every day. Since the, I’ve been carrying it around with me every day. Since then, I found $50 on the street, I got the apartment I was hoping for, and I got a date with Elaine! This good luck charm really works!2. Look, either we do a full-color glossy brochure or we don’t do anything at all. It’s better to have nothing than to have something shabby. Do it right or don’t do it at all.3. If we legalize marijuana, watch out-the legalization of cocaine and other drugs can’t be far behind.4. Do you support the ban of nuclear and biological weapons that would leave us defenseless against those countries that will continue to build nuclear and biological warheads in secret?5. One of the things those animal rights people want to do is to make you believe that a monkey has the same rights as a human being.This is the end of the examination.答案部分：北京外国语大学2004年硕士生入学考试英语语言文学专业试卷Time Limit: Three Hours Total Points: 150All answers must be written on the answer sheets.Section 1 Matching（30 points）（北京外国语大学2004年研）Match each of the following ten passages with its source. There are more sources than passages here, and one source may be matched with more than one passage.Write the passage number and the corresponding source letter for each answer. For example, suppose Passage 11 is the following:Only one same reason is shared by all of us: we wish to create worlds as real as, but other than the world that is. Or was. This is why we cannot plan. We know a world is an organism, not a machine. We also know that a genuinely created world must be independent of its creator; a planned world (a world that fully reveals its planning) is a dead world. It is only when our characters and events begin to disobey us that they begin to live.And its source is [M] John Fowles. Then your answer will be 11M.Sources (From A to L)[Al Geoffrey Chaucer [G] Ernest Hemingway[B] Kate Chopin [H] John Keats[C] Joseph Conrad [I] D. H. Lawrence[D] Frederick Douglass [J] Percy Bysshe Shelley[E] T. S. Eliot [K] John Steinbeck[Fl Thomas Hardy [L] Harriet Beecher StowePassages1. The meaning of an episode was not inside like a kernel but outside, enveloping the tale which brought it out only as a glow brings out a haze, in the likeness of one of these halos that sometimes are made visible by the spectral illumination of moonshine.2. The migrant people, scuttling for work, scrabbling to live, looked always for pleasure, dug for pleasure, manufactured pleasure, and they were hungry for amusement.3. A green and yellow parrot, which hung in a cage outside the door, kept repeating over and over:"Allez vous-en.t Allez vous-en! Sapristi.t That's all fight!"4. In that dizzy moment her feet to her scarce seemed to touch the ground, and a moment brought, her to the water's edge. Right on behind they came, and, nerved with strength such as God gives only to the desperate, with one wild cry, and flying leap, she vaulted sheer over the turbid current by the shore, on to the raft of ice beyond.5. I have no accurate knowledge of my age, never having seen any authentic record containing it. By far the larger part of the slaves know as little of their ages as horses know of theirs, and it is the wish of most masters within my knowledge to keep their slaves thus ignorant.6. We two whites stood over him, and his lustrous and inquiring glance enveloped us both. I declare it looked as though he would presently put to us some question in an understandable language; but he died without uttering a sound, without moving a limb, without twitching a muscle. Only in the very last moment, as though in response to some sign we could not see, to some whisper we could not hear, he frowned heavily, and that frown gave to his black death-mask an inconceivably somber, brooding, and menacing expression.7. It is the same! —For, be it joy or sorrow,The path of its departure still is free;Man's yesterday may ne'er'be like his morrow;Nought may endure but Mutability.8. A snake came to my water troughOn a hot, hot day, and I in pajamas for the heat,To drink there.9.The river's tent is broken: the last fingers of leafClutch and sink into the wet bank. The windCrosses the brown land, unheard. The nymphs are departed.10.Good table manners she had learnt as well:She never let a crumb from her mouth fall;She never soiled her fingers, dipping deepInto the sauce; when lifting to her lipsSome morsel, she was careful not to spillSo much as one small drop upon her breast.Her greatest pleasure was in etiquette.参考答案：1C 2K 3B 4L 5D 6C 7J 8I 9E 10 ?The following sections of the examination will be graded on both what you say and how you say it.Section2 Short Essays (90 points) （北京外国语大学2004年研）I. Summarize the plot of the following story in your own words (around200 words). (30points)2. Comment on the role of the wicked boy in the story. (30points)3.What is the theme of the story? Pay particular attention to the ending. (30points)A Wicked BoyBy Anton ChekhovIvan Ivanych Lapkin, a young man of nice appearance, and Anna Semionovna Zamblitskaia, a young girl with a little mined-up nose, went down the steep bank and sat down on a small bench. The bench stood right by the water among some thick young osier bushes. What a wonderful little place! Once you've sat down, you were hidden from the world—only the fish saw you, and the water-tigers, running like lightning over the water. The young people were armed with rods, nets, cans of worms, and other fishing equipment. Having sat down, they started fishing right away."I'm glad we're alone at last," Lapkin began, looking around. "I have to tell you a lot of things, Anna Semionovna... an awful lot... when I saw you the first time.... You've got a bite.... then I understood what I'm living for, understood where my idol was--to whom I must devote my honest, active life... that must be a big one that's biting.... Seeing you, I feel in love for the first time, feel passionately in love! Wait before you give it a jerk.... let it bite harder.... Tell me, my darling, I adjure you, may I count on--not on reciprocity, no! I'm not worthy of that, I dare not even think of that—may I count on .... Pull!"Anna Semionovna raised her hand with the rod in it, yanked, and cried out. A little silvery-green fish shimmered in the air."My Lord, a perch! Ah, ah.... Quickly! It's getting free!"The perch got free of the hook, flopped through the' grass toward its native element.... and plopped into the water!In pursuit of the fish, Lapkin somehow inadvertently grabbed Anna Semionovna's hand instead of the fish, inadvertently pressed it to his lips.... She quickly drew it back, but it was already too late; their mouths inadvertently merged in a kiss. It happened somehow inadvertently. Another kiss followed the first, then vows and protestations.... What happy minutes! However, in this earthly life there is no absolute happiness. Happiness usually carries a poison in itself, or else. is poisoned by something from outside. So this time, too. As the young people were kissing, a laugh suddenly rang out. They glanced at the river and were stupefied: a naked boy was standing in the water up to his waist. This was Kolia, a schoolboy, Anna Semionovna's brother. He was standing in the water, staring at the young people, and laughing maliciously."Ah-ah-ah... you're kissing?" he said. "That's great! I'll tell Mama.""I hope that you, as an honest young man..." muttered Lapkin, blushing. "It's low-down to spy, and to tell tales is foul and detestable... I assume that you, as an honest and noble young man...""Give me a ruble and then I won't tell!" said the noble young man. "Or else I will."Lapkin pulled a ruble out of his pocket and gave it to Kolia. Kolia squeezed the ruble in his wet fist, whistled, and swam off. And the young people didn't kiss any more that time.The next day Lapkin brought Kolia some paints and a ball from town, and his sister gave him all her empty pill-boxes. After that they had to give him some cuff-links with dogs' heads on them. The wicked boy obviously liked all these things very much and, in order to get still more, he started keeping his eye on them. Wherever Lapkin and Anna Semionovna went, he went, too. He didn't leave them alone for a minute."The bastard!" Lapkin gnashed his teeth. "So little, and already such a real bastard! What's he going to be like later?!"All through June, Kolia made life impossible for the poor lovers. He threatened to tell on them, kept his eye on them, and demanded presents; it all wasn't enough for him, and he finally started talking about a pocket watch. And what then? They had to promise the watch.One time at dinner, when the waffle cookies were being passed, he suddenly burst out in a guffaw, winked an eye, and asked Lapkin:"Shall I tell? Huh?"Lapkin blushed terribly and started eating his napkin instead of the cookie. Anna Semionovna jumped up from the table and ran into the other room. And the young people found themselves in this position until the end of August, until the very day when, at last, Lapkin proposed to Anna Semionovna. Oh, what a happy day that was! Having talked to the parents of his bride, and having received their consent, Lapkin first of all ran out into the garden and started looking for Kolia. Once he had found him, he almost sobbed from delight and seized the wicked boy by the ear. Anna Semionovna, who had also been looking for Kolia, ran up, and seized him by the other ear. And you really ought to have seen what joy was written all over the lovers' faces as Kolia cried and begged them:"Dearest, darling, angels, I'll never do it again! Ow, ow! Forgive me!"And afterwards they both admitted that during the whole time they had been in love with each other they had never once felt such happiness, such breath-taking bliss as during those moments when they were pulling the wicked boy's ears.参考答案：1. A young man, Lapkin fell in love with Anna. One day by the river as they were doing fishing, he expressed his love for her and they kissed. However, their kissing was discovered by Anna’s brother, Kolia. Kolia asked for a ruble, or he would go to Mama to tell on them. And he got the ruble. The next day Lapkin and Anna again gave him some presents for him to shut his mouth. Then the boy saw how much he could benefit from them. From time to time he demanded presents from the lovers and his small tricks would always work. While Kolia was content, it was the lovers who suffered. On the one hand, they were forced to meet Kolia’s demands for presents. On the other hand, Kolia kept a close watch on them so that they did not have free time of their own. It lasted about three months until the day when Lapkin proposed to Anna and got her parents’approval. Finally they got rid of the threat of Kolia and became librated. Then the lovers found out Kolia and punished him by seizing his ears.2. The wicked boy mainly plays two roles, one is that of obstruction, and the other is that of catalyst. Firstly, the wicked boy keeps a close watch on the lovers and goes wherever they go. Therefore, the lovers do not have time that belongs to them. So the wicked boy is an obstruction to the lovers. However, paradoxically, the wicked boy is also a catalyst in the development of the lovers’ relationship. On the one hand, with his tricks, the wicked boy becomes the common enemy of the lovers. And the two lovers work together to solve the problems raised by the wicked boy,which promotes the development of their relationship and also avoids the possibilities of their quarreling. Meanwhile, Lapkin’s proposal to Anna so early also to some extent attributes to the wicked boy’s tricks.3. The theme of the story is that freedom is the most valuable of all things. As we can see in the story, the lovers are kept watch by the wicked boy and are never left alone for even a minute. The wicked boy’s interference with the lovers’ life makes their life miserable so that they are not able to enjoy fully the time when they are dating. At last, after the proposal, they suddenly become overjoyed, as they finally bring their freedom back. That’s why at the end of the story, the lovers admits that they have never been so happy during their dating time as during the moments when they are punishing the boy by pulling his ears.Section 3 Creative Thinking (30points) （北京外国语大学2004年研）If you were the author, Somerset Maugham, what title would you give to the story below? Generate as many titles as you can before deciding on the best one. Be creative and go for quantity; list at least 10 titles.There was a merchant in Bagdad who sent his servant to market to buy provisions, and in a little while the servant came back, white and trembling, and said, "Master, just now when I was in the market, I was jostled by a woman in the crowd and when I turned I saw it was Death that jostled me. She looked at me and made a threatening gesture; now, lend me your horse, and I will ride away from this city and avoid my fate. I will go to Samarra and there Death will not find me." The merchant lent him his horse, and the servant mounted it, and he dug his spurs in its flanks and as fast as the horse could gallop he went. Then the merchant went down to the market, and he saw Death standing in the crowd and he came to Death and said, “Why did you make a threatening gesture to my servant when you saw him this morning?” “That was not a threatening gesture,”Death said. “It was only a start of surprise. I was astonished to see him in Bagdad, for I had an appointment with him tonight in Samarra.”参考答案:How Far Can He Escape?; The Doomed; Fate; Appointment with Death; The Meeting with Death: Escape Into His Destiny; To Escape or Not to Escape, That is a Question; The Servant and the Death; Stay Where You Are; Is to Escape the Best Strategy out of the Thirty-six Stratagem?Section4 Critical Thinking (20-point bonus)（北京外国语大学2004年研）You do not have to do the task in this section, but you will get a 20-point bonus if you do it correctly.Identify errors in logic, if any, in the following arguments. Justify your answers.1. Hey, John, check this out! Two weeks ago, I bought this good luck charm, and I’ve been carrying with me every day. Since the, I’ve been carrying it around with me every day. Since then, I found $50 on the street, I got the apartment I was hoping for, and I got a date with Elaine! This good luck charm really works!2. Look, either we do a full-color glossy brochure or we don’t do anything at all. It’s better to have nothing than to have something shabby. Do it right or don’t do it at all.3. If we legalize marijuana, watch out-the legalization of cocaine and other drugs can’t be far behind.4. Do you support the ban of nuclear and biological weapons that would leave us defenseless against those countries that will continue to build nuclear and biological warheads in secret?5. One of the things those animal rights people want to do is to make you believe that a monkey has the same rights as a human being.This is the end of the examination.参考答案：1. Doubtful cause. The good luck charm is not the cause of his recent good luck.2. False dilemma. The speaker gives only two extreme options and no middle ground.3. Slippery slope. The legalization of marijuana does not necessarily leads to the legalization of cocaine and other drugs.4. Begging the question.Nuclear and biological weapons are being discussed here.5. Straw man. The speaker intends to misrepresent the opinions of the animal rights people.本文档来源于布丁考研网（），全国最真实、最全面的考研真题及资料库。
北京外国语大学英汉同声传译(试题和答案)2004年考研试题研究生入学考试试题考研真题
北京外国语大学英汉同声传译(试题和答案)2004年考研试题研究生入学考试试题考研真题北京外国语大学。
2004年硕士研究生入学考试。
英汉同声传译专业试卷。
Ⅰ. 将下列单句译成汉语（25分）。
1）In the first half of this year, China’s GDP grew by8.2%--despite the SARS virus. Electricity demand rose by 15% in the same period, led by power-hungry industries such as steel and aluminum.。
2） China, anxious about capital flight and proud of its economic sovereignty, will not be browbeaten into floating the yuan by hectoring Americans.。
3） Power stations tend to be built far from cities, and to be surr ounded by idle “buffer” land. It is suggested that greenhouses could be built no this land with the exhaust from the power station pumped in go supply the heat they need. Such greenhouses could be used to grow fruit, vegetables and flowers cheaply.。
4） Out of all the unbecoming parts of drug addiction, the search for clean needles is particularly ghastly. Dirty needles account for a third of all reported AIDS cases: they also explain why half of all long-term addicts get hepatitisC.。
北外英语翻译资格证书考试试题
北外英语翻译资格证书考试试题（一）初级笔译考试时间：180分钟Part 1Translation from English into Chinese 1 hour 30 minutesRead the following two passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write you answers on this paper.You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.Passage 1Head injuriesAlice was a B-plus student through her first three years at college. During the winter holidays in her senior year, while she was driving during a storm, her car ran off the road and hit a tree. Alice banged her head on the steering wheel but never lost consciousness. She was treated for bruises and discharged from the hospital within a day.But, back at her studies, she began to have difficulties. Suddenly her As and Bs were becoming Cs. She had trouble remembering what she’d read and was irritable and easily distracted.Alice was referred to a neuropsychologist for further examination. Although her IQ hadn’t changed and standard neurological tests w ere normal, detailed neuropsychological tests showed she was having memory problems. She could still process new information, but it took longer than before and she became “overloaded”if she tried to do too much at once.Head injuries are often fatal, or of sufficient severity to require the hospitalization of victims. But there is a large group of people who sustain head injuries which can go undetected through ordinary medical examination. These are the people who seemingly recover from their injuries but still suffer subtle intellectual and behavioural effects that may seriously impair their ability to work and interact normally with other people. They are the victims of what experts call a “silent epidemic”. Some never lost consciousness and others never even suffered a direct blow to the head, yet brain damage occurred.Passage 2My fight against junk e-mailFiltering junk e-mail can be a tricky game of cat and mouse, as I learned when I set out to purge my In Box.I received an e-ma il the other day that gave me a moment’s pause. “Hey cutie, how are you??” It began. “I’m so sorry about last night, click here for a SUPRIXE to make you feel better.” I was suspicious for three reasons: my girlfriend never misspells like that, we had not had a row the previous night, and I was pretty sure she had not suddenly acquired an Australian e-mail address. At least one part of the message was accurate: if she ever pointed me to a website as sexy as that one, I’d be very surprised indeed.The cutie incident represented a setback in my war against junk e-mail. I used to get hundreds of these things a day, and some months ago, I vowed to rid my In Box permanently of every last one. What I soon learned was that most e-mail software can’t eradicate t he junk without throwing babies with the bath water.Microsoft outlook, for example, can trash any mail not sent directly to your address. But that ends up junking a lot of useful stuff such as discussions on my journalism, school alumni e-mail list. AOL can turn away mail from anyone not flagged as a friend, but part of my job is to accept correspondence from strangers-like you, dear reader.Part 2Translation from Chinese into English 1 hour 30 minutesRead the following two passages.Translate them into Chinese.Write you answers on this paper.You may use the additional paper for any rough work but you must copy your answers onto this paper.Passage 1我为乘客服务有一次，在拥挤的车厢门口，我听见一位男乘客客客气气地问他前面的一个女乘客：”您下车吗？”女乘客没理他。
2004年11月法语三级口译实务试题
Test d’aptitude à l’interprétation - Niveau 3Pratique de l’interprétation consécutiveTranscription de l’enregistrementPartie IInterprétation de deux dialogues en situationLe premier se déroule à Athènes entre un journaliste chinois et son homologue suisse, et le second entre un chef d’entreprise français et un de ses amis chinois.Parlez au micro et traduisez du chinois en français et vice versa leurs propos. Il faut commencer l’interprétation à chaque signal sonore donné et l’arrêter au signal suivant. Vous pouvez prendre des notes en écoutant l’enregistrement. Mais, attention, vous ne l’entenderez qu’une seule fois.Dialogue-1C：请问先生，去奥林匹克村怎么走？F：Tournez à droite au prochain feu rouge. Puis vous continuez vers le sud et passez sous trois ponts successifs. Vous verrez un rond-point avec un panneau qui vous indique la direction à suivre pour gagner le Village. Comme vous y allez à pied, c’est encore loin. Vous venez sans doute d’Asie ? Vous êtes Japonais ?C：不, 是中国人，记者，来自北京，来报道雅典奥运会的。
北外基础英语,同声传译试卷(历年题,转发)自己动手下载!98-04年的
1998年基础英语试卷Read the following passage:ARCHIBALD MACLEISH: Bicentennial of What?An address at the Bicentennial commemoration of the American Philosophical Society in PhiladelphiaIt is a common human practice to answer questions without truly asking them and the American bicentennial is merely the latest instance. Everyone knows what the Bicentennial celebrates: the 200th anniversary of the adoption, by the Continental Congress, of the Declaration of Independence. But no one asks what the Bicentennial is because no one asks what the Declaration was. The instrument of announcing American independence from Great Britain? Clearly that: but is that all it was? Is it only American independenc e from Great Britain we are celebrating on July 4, 1976——only the instrument which declared our independence? There have been other declarations of unilateral independence from Great Britain which no one is likely to remember for 200 years, much less to cel ebrate. “All men” ar e said in that document to be created equal and to have been endowed with certain unalienable rights. All governments are alleged to have been instituted among men to secure those rights ——to protect them. Are these, then, American rights? Doubtless——but only American? Is it the British Government which is declared to have violated them? Unquestionably——but the British Government alone? And the revolution against tyranny and arrogance which is here implied ——is it a revolution which American independence from the mediocre majesty of George III will win or is there something more intended? —— something for all mankind? ——for all the world?In the old days when college undergraduates still read history, any undergraduate could have told you that these are not rhetorical questions: that they were, from the beginning, two opinions about the Declaration and that they were held by (among others) the two great men who had most to do with its composition and its adoption by the Congress.John Adams, who supported the Declaration with all his formidable powers, inclined to the view that it was just what is called itself: a declaration of American independence. Thomas Jefferson, who wrote it, held the opposite opinion: it was a revolutionary p roclamation applicable to all mankind.“May it be the world”, he wrote to the citizens of Washington a few days before he died, “what I believe it will be: to some parts sooner, to others later, but finally to all, the signal of arousing men t o burst the chains…”And he went on in reverberating words: “The mass of mankind has not been born with saddles on their backs for a favored few, booted and spurred, ready to ride them by the grace of God.”Moreover, these two great and famous men were not the only Presidents of the Republic to choose between the alternatives: A third, as great as either, speaking in Philadelphia at the darkest moment in our history —— bearing indeed the whole weight of that history on his shoulders as he spoke —— turned to the Declaration for guidance for himself and for his country and made his choice between the meanings.Mr. Lincoln had been making his way slowly eastward in February 1861 from Springfield to Washington to take the oat h of office as President of a divided people on the verge of Civil War. He had reached Philadelphia on the 21st of February where he had been told of the conspiracy to murder him in Baltimore as he passed through that city. He had gone to Independence Hall before daylight on the 22nd. He had found a crowd waiting. He had spoken to them.He had often asked himself. Mr. Lincoln said, what great principle or idea it was which had held the Union so long together. “It was not,” he said, as though re plying directly to John Adams, “the mere matter of the separation from the mother country.”It was something more. “Something in the Declaration,” they heard him say. “Something giving liberty not alone to the people of this country but hope t o the world.” “It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men.”Anyone else, any modern President certainly, would have said, as most of them regularly do, that his hope for the count ry was fixed in huge expenditures for arms, in the possession of overwhelming power. Not Mr. Lincoln. Not Mr. Lincoln even at that desperate moment. His hope was fixed in a great affirmation of belief made almost a century before. It was fixed in the commi tment of the American people, at the beginning of their history as a people, to “ a great principle or idea”: the principle or idea of human liberty —— of human liberty not for themselves alone but for mankind.It was a daring gamble of Mr. Lin coln‟s ——but so too was Mr. Jefferson‟s Declaration ——so was the cause which Mr. Jefferson‟sDeclaration had defined. Could a nation be founded on the belief in liberty? Could belief in liberty preserve it? Two America n generations argued that issue but not ours —— not the generation of the celebrants of the 200th anniversary of that great event. We assume, I suppose, that Mr. Jefferson‟s policy was right for him and right for Mr. Lincoln, because it was successful. But whatever we think about Mr. Lincoln‟ view of the Declaration, whatever we believe about the Declaration in the past, in other men‟s lives, in other men‟s wars, we do not ask ourselves, as we celebrate its Bicentennial, what it is today, what it is to us.Our present President has never intimated by so much as a word that such a question might be relevant —— that it even exists. The Congress has not debated it. The state and Federal commissions charged with Bicentennial responsibility express no opinions. Only the generation of the young, so far as I am informed, has even mentioned it, and the present generation of the young has certain understanble prejudices, inherited from the disillusionments of recent years, which color their comments…Express your view that the nation brought into being by hat great document was, and had no choice but be, a revolutionary nation, and you will be reminded that, but for the accidental discovery of a piece of tape on a door latch, the President of the United States in the Bicentennial year would have been Richard Nixon. And so it will go until you are told at last that the American Revolution is a figure o f obsolescent speech; that the Declaration has become a museum exhibit in the National Archives; and that, as for the Bicentenn ial, it is a year-long commercial which ought to be turned off.Well, the indignation of the young is always admirable regardless of its verbal excesses —— far more admirable, certainly, than the indifference of the elders. But, unfortunately, it is the indifference of the elders we have to consider. And not only because it is a puzzling, a paradoxical, indifference but because it is as disturbing as it is paradoxical.Does our indifference to the explicitly revolutionary purpose of the Declaration －our silence about Mr. Jefferson‟s interpretation of that purpose —— mean that we no longer believe in that purpose —— no longer believe in human liberty? Hardly?...But if this is so, if we still believe in the cause of human liberty, why do we celebrate the anniversary of the document which defined it for us without a thought for the meaning of the definition, then or now? Why have we not heard from our representatives and our o fficials on his great theme?Is it because, although the Republic continues to believe in human liberty for itself, it no longer hopes for it in the world? Because it no longer thinks such a hope “realistic”?...So far, indeed, is Mr. Jefferson‟s revolution from being obsolete that it is now the only truly revolutionary force in the age we live in. And not despite the police states but because of them.In 1945, when e had driven the Nazis out of Europe and the Japanese out of the Pacific in the name of human freedom and human decency, we stood at the peak, not only of our power as a nation but of our greatness as a people. We were more nearly ourselves, our true selves as the inheritors of Thomas Jefferson and Abraham Lincoln, than we had ever been before. And yet within a few yea rs of that tremendous triumph, of the unexampled generosity of our nuclear offer to the world, of the magnificence of the marshall Plan, we were lost in the hysterical fears and ignoble deceits of Joe McCarthy and his followers and had adopted, as our foreign policy, the notion that if we “contained” the Russian initiative, we would some how or other be better off ourselves than if we pursued our historic pur pose as Jefferson conceived it.The result, as we now know, was disaster. And not only in Southeast Asia and Portugal and Africa but throughout the world, Containment put us in bed with every anti-Communist we could find including some of the most offensive despots then in business. It produced flagrantly subversive and shameful plots by American agencies against the duly elected governments of other countries. And it ended by persuading the new countries of the postwar world, the emerging nations, that he United States was to them and to their hopes what the Holy Alliance had been to us and ours 200 years before.I. Explain the following in your own words:1. All governments are alleged to have been instituted among men to secure those rights －to protect them.2. In the old days when college undergraduates still read history… (1) What is the implication of this statement? (2) How do you know?3. … who had most to do with its composition and its adoption by the Congress.4. May it be to the world, what I believe it will be: to some parts sooner, to o thers later, but finally to all, the signal of arousing men to burst the chains…5. The mass of mankind has not been born with saddles… by the grace of God.6. It was that which gave promise… from the shoulders of all men.7. It wasa daring gamble… which Mr. Jefferson‟s Declaration had defined. (1) What does “daring gamble” refer to? (2) What was the cause the Declaration had defined? 8. Our present president … that it even exists. 9. … you will be reminded… wo uld have been Richard Nixon. 10. … regardless of its verbal excesses 11. So far is Mr. Jefferson‟s revolution from being obsolete… but because of them. 12. And it ended by persuading… to us and ours 200 years before.II. What is the message the speaker wants to put across? III. Translate the following passage into English:“主人翁意识”，在我看来，也就是“所有者的意识”。
北京同声传译 北京外国语大学同声传译试卷
北京同声传译北京外国语大学同声传译试卷导读：就爱阅读网友为您分享以下“北京外国语大学同声传译试卷”资讯，希望对您有所帮助，感谢您对92to 的支持!北京外国语大学2001年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I. 将下列短文译成英语(35%)不久前美国宇航局宣布，他们测得的数据显示，在最近两个月，南极上空的臭氧空洞已扩大到智利南部城市篷塔阿雷纳斯（Punta Arenas）上空。
这是迄今人类所观测到的最大一个空洞。
更为严重的是，这也是臭氧空洞第一次覆盖一个人口稠密的城市。
许多人对臭氧的作用并不陌生，臭氧距地面约25-30公里，能吸收99%的太阳紫外线，可以说，它是地球生态环境的天然屏障，也是人类繁衍生存的保护伞。
据科学家测算，大气中臭氧含量每减少1%，太阳紫外线的辐射量就会增加2%，而人类皮肤癌患者就会增加5%至7%。
但现在，可以说一个城市的所有居民就处在集体患皮肤癌的危险中。
为了居民的身体健康，篷塔阿雷纳斯及其临近地区被迫宣布进入紧急状态。
这很可能也是人类第一次因臭氧空洞问题而进入紧急状态。
篷塔阿雷纳斯卫生部门再三告诫市民，最好不要在中午11点到下午3点之间外出，因为在阳光下曝晒7分钟左右，皮肤就会受到损伤。
据科学家们观测，臭氧空洞目前已达到2800多万平方公里，而造成臭氧空洞的，正是人类在工业生产中不断释放出氟利昂等化学物质，才使臭氧越来越稀薄，最后形成了现在这个巨大无比的空洞。
虽然这次臭氧空洞扩大，还因为南极大陆的气温不断升高所致，但气温的升高，又与人类大量释放二氧化碳有直接的关系。
但愿篷塔阿雷纳斯的警报是第一次，也是最后一次！II. 将下列单句译成英语(15%)1 我们诚心诚意地希望不发生战争, 争取长时间的和平, 集中精力搞好国内现代化建设。
2 冷战后，世界形势出现了重大的变化，两极格局宣告终结，多极化成为国际格局演变的主导方向。
3 近些年来，在经济全球化的冲击下，原有的分工格局和资源配置方式正在发生历史性的重要转变。
北外英语翻译资格中级笔译试题
教育部全国翻译证书考试2001年试题（中级笔译）2001年北外英语翻译资格中级笔译试题passage 1artificial speechbecause speech is the most convenient form of communication, in the future we want essentially natural conversations with computers. the primary point of contact will be a simple device that will act as our window on the world. you will simply talk to it. the device will be permanently connected to the internet and will beep relevant information up to you as it comes in.just how quickly people will adapt to a voice-based internet world is uncertain. many believe that, initially at least, we will need similar conventions for the voice to those we use at present on screen: click, back, forward, and so on. but soon you will undoubtedly be able to interact by voice with all those it-based services you currently connect with over the internet by means of a keyboard. this will help the internet serve the entire population, not just techno-freaks.changes like this will encompass the whole world. because english is the language of science, it will probably remain the language in which the technology is most advanced, but most speech-recognition techniques are transferable to other languages provided there is sufficient motivation to undertake the work.within ten years we will have computers that respond to goal-directed conversations, but for a computer to have a conversation that takes into account human social behaviour is probably 50 years off. we’re not going to be chatting to the big screen in the living room just yet.there are those in the it community who believe that current techniques will eventually hit a brick wall. personally, i believe that incremental developments in performance are more likely. but it’s true that by about 2040 or so, computer architectures will need to beco me highly parallel if performance is to keep increasing. perhaps that will inspire some radically new approaches to speech understanding that will supplant the methods we’re developing now. small vendors engage in simple spot-market transactions, with buyers and sellers dealing face to face to trade fairly standard products whose quality is easy to verify. lange multinational firms exchange more differentiated products, face greater difficulties in verifying quality, and must span greater separations in time and space between one part of the transaction and the other. most economies have both types of markets. but the first is relatively more common in developing countries, the second in industrial economies.developed markets- more global, more inclusive, and more integrated-offer more opportunity and choice. underdeveloped markets, more likely in poor countries, tend to be more local and segmented. so, compared with farmers in canada, poor farmers in bangladesh have fewer opportunities and far fewer formal institutions (such as banks and formal courts ) to reduce their risks and increase their opportunities.what limits market opportunities? the transaction costs stemming from inadequate information and incomplete definition and enforcement of property rights. and barriers to entry for new participants. what increases them? institutions that raise the returns from market exchange, reduce risk, and increase efficiency.yet not all institutions promote inclusive markets. institutional designs that evolve through historical circumstances or are directed by policy makers are not necessarily the best for all of society or for economic growth and poverty reduction. for instance, state agricultural marketing boards, instead of helping farmers, have often resulted in lower incomes for them in africa. and institutions that once supported market transactions can outlive their usefulness, for example, privatization agencies and bank restructuring agencies. the challenge for policymakers is to shape institutional development in ways that enhance economic developmentPart 2 Translation from Chinese into English 2 hoursPassage 1保姆校长常常听到一些大学校长说：“我把学生当自己的儿女看待。
北京外国语大学2003年同声翻译试题
北京外国语大学2003年同声翻译试题I. 将下列单句译成汉语（25 分）1) Poets are born, but orators are made.2) There exists today new opportunities for promotion of DNP (裁军和不扩散) education and training at all levels, primarily, thanks to the revolution in technology and communication.3) Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar workers.4) China looks to Hollywood much like the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge must look to the oil industry: vast, untapped and potentially fat.5) Beyond torturing Germany’s relationship with the United States, the go-it-alone stance, coming from a government that has presented itself as a sworn adherent of multilateralism, tends to diminish Berlin’s i nfluence among its EU neighbors.II. 将下列短文译成汉语（50 分）Globalization is transforming the world. While it brings great benefits to some countries and individuals —— a backlash has arisen because these benefits are distributed so unequally and because the global market is not yet underpinned by values and rules that address key social concerns such as the protection of human rights, labor standards and the environment. Globalization has also, unwittingly, made it easier for what I have called “uncivil society”—— crime, terrorism, drug-and-arms trafficking —— to move across borders. Our challenge today is to make globalization an engine that lifts people out of hardship and misery, not a force that holds them down. The past half century had brought unprecedented economic gains. Most people today can expect to live longer than their parents. They are better nourished, enjoy better health, are better educated, and on the whole face more favorable economic prospects. But there is also widespread deprivation and despair. More than 1 billion people must survive on less than $1 a day. Striking inequality persists within and among countries. Diseases such as AIDS and malaria threaten to undo years of progress. Worsening the poverty gap is the “digital divide” between th e technology-rich and the technology-poor. At a time when information and knowledge have become the main source of wealth and power, half the developing world’s people have never made or received a telephone call, much less used a computer. Bringing these people into the mainstream is one of our biggest projects. Poverty and inequality are fertile ground for conflict. Wars between states have become less frequent, but in the last decade brutal internal wars have claimed more than 5 million lives, and driven many times that number of people from their homes. Weapons of mass destruction continue to cast their shadow of fear. We must think of security lessas defending territory, and more in terms of protecting people. And whether we are talking of conflict prevention, peace-keeping, post conflict peace-building or other peacemaking tools at the disposal of the internal community, we must be sure that when the United Nations is called upon to act, it is given the mandate and resources to do the job.III. 将下列单句译成英语（25 分）1）1998 年以来，为了遏制通货紧缩，政府通过积极的财政政策，以扩大财政支出拉动GDP 增长，取得了一定成效。
2004年北京大学外国语学院661专业能力考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
一、Translate the passage into Chinese.（50分）HE THAT hath wife and children hath given hostages to fortune;for they are impediments to great enterprises,either of virtue or mischief.Certainly the best works,and of greatest merit for the public,have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men;which both in affection and means,have married and endowed the public.Yet it were great reason that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times;unto which they know they must transmit their dearest pledges.Some there are,who though they lead a single life,yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences.Nay,there are some other,that account wife and children, but as bills of charges.Nay more,there are some foolish rich covetous men,that take a pride,in having no children,because they may be thought so much the richer.For perhaps they have heard some talk,Such an one is a great rich man,and another except to it,Yea,but he hath a great charge of children;as if it were an abatement to his riches.But the most ordinary cause of a single life,is liberty,especially in certain self-pleasing and humorous minds,which are so sensible of every restraint,as they will go near to think their girdles and garters,to be bonds and shackles. Unmarried men are best friends,best masters,best servants;but not always best subjects;for they are light to run away;and almost all fugitives,are of that condition.A single life doth well with churchmen;for charity will hardly water the ground,where it must first fill a pool.It is indifferent for judges and magistrates;for if they be facile and corrupt, you shall have a servant,five times worse than a wife.For soldiers,I find the generals commonly in their hortatives,put men in mind of their wives and children;and I think the despising of marriage amongst the Turks,making the vulgar soldier more base.Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity;and single men,though they may be many times more charitable,because their means are less exhaust,yet,on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted(good to make severe inquisitors),because their tenderness is not so oft called upon.Grave natures,led by custom,and therefore constant,are commonly loving husbands,as was said of Ulysses,vetulam suam praetulit immortalitati.Chaste women are often proud and froward,as presuming upon the merit of their chastity.It is one of the best bonds,both of chastity and obedience,in the wife,if she think her husband wise; which she will never do,if she find him jealous.Wives are young men's mistresses;companions for middle age;and old men's nurses.So as a man may have a quarrel to marry,when he will.But yet he was reputed one of the wise men,that made answer to the question,when a man should marry.—A young man not yet,an elder man not at all.It is often seen that bad husbands, have very good wives;whether it be,that it raiseth the price of their husband's kindness,when it comes;or that the wives take a pride in their patience.But this never fails,if the bad husbands were of their own choosing,against their friends consent;for then they will be sure to make good their own folly.【参考译文】成了家的人，可以说对于命运之神付出了抵押品。
北京外国语大学英语翻译理论与实践2004,2004答案
北京外国语大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试英语翻译理论与实践专业试卷Ⅰ. Translate the following passage into Chinese, using the answer sheet provided. (35 points)AN INSIDIOUS NARCOTICBy Marie WinnBecause television is so wonderfully available a child amuser and child defuser, capable of rendering a volatile three-year-old harmless at the flick of a switch, parents grow to depend upon it in the course of their daily lives. And as they continue to utilize television day after day, its importance in their children’s lives increases. From a simple source of entertainment provided by parents when they need a break from childcare, television gradually changes into a powerful and disruptive presence in family life. But despite their increasing resentment of television’s intrusion into their family life, and despite their considerable guilt at not being able to control their children’s viewing, parents do not take steps to extricate themselves from television’s domination. They can no longer cope without it.In 1948 Jack Gould, the first television critic of The New York Times, described the impact of the then new medium on American families: “Children’s hours on television admittedly are an insidious narcotic for the parent. With the tots fanned out on the floor in front of the receiver, a strange if wonderful quiet seems at hand....”On first glance it may appear that Gould’s pen had slipped. Surely it was the strangely quiet children who were narcotised by the television set, not the parents. But indeed he had penetrated to the heart of the problem before the problem had fully materialized, before anyone dreamed that children would one day spend more of their waking hours watching television than at any other single activity. It is, in fact, the parents for whom television is an irresistible narcotic, not through their own viewing (although frequently this, too, is the case) but at a remove, through their children, fanned out in front of the receiver, strangely quiet. Surely there can be no more insidious a drug than one that you must administer to others in order to achieve an effect for yourself.Ⅱ. Translate the following passage into Chinese, using the answer sheet provided. (35 points)AprilBy Josephine W.JohnsonThe hillside is held up by clumps of flowers on hairy stems. The petals lavender and white and pink and purple and sometimes a rare, pale blue. The same spot of earth, riddled with moss, snail shells, oak leaves, produces this pale rainbow. They last very little longer than a rainbow, and, returning in a day or two, one finds no flowers, only hare green pods and a crop of odd-cut leaves.These spring pools of flowers, rising year after year in the same place, are a recurring joy that never fails. It is one of the joys of living for years in the same place. This is not limited to wild land, nor to large places, but few stay long enough even on one small spot, or care enough to plantthe reoccurring seed and know this seasonal miracle.In the north pasture, the title “pasture” by courtesy only now, a pool of mint rises each spring, a lavender pond filled mice. It is filled with the humming of the bees and the spicy smell of the mint leaves (leaves rich, green, convoluted as seashells) and the pool widens into a wider pool of white pansy violets, like a foam at the far edges. The wild pansies are separate and move in the wind.This is the view from the woodchuck’s den above the draw. His porch is well beaten down, paths lead to it under the raspberry hoops. Wrens sputter around on the ravine rocks and broken crockery from the old rabbit hutches. All this view is probably wasted on his stupid dogginess. Unless, like Pythagoras, he thinks of the violet leaves as spinach. The morning sun warms his front porch, the mists over the cool stones withdraw. I think of him coming out and contemplating this fresh April world, the smell of broken mint, the brought their spirits down. But in good truth he is not emerging that early, and if it is a cold day, he is not emerging at all.Ⅲ. Translate the following passage into English, using the answer sheet provided. (50 points)有人家甚富，止有一男，宠恣过常。
人大2004基英真题及答案
I．V ocabulary and Written Expressions.(10 Points)Directions; Write in the blank the letter of the item which best completes each sentence.1. Tough-talking ward councilor Tony Jones warned yesterday that the drive to clean up the Oxford Road area is being by the criminal justice system itself.A. hamperedB. prohibitedC. restrictedD. reserved2. It is a source of continuing frustration that sometimes, after huge amounts of resources have gone into securing successful , career criminals often seem to be free after little more than a third or half of their sentences.A. convictionsB. decisionsC. vanquisherD. agreements3. The police and others are doing their best to clamp down on crime and disorder the intrusion of burglary, the source of drug dealers ruining lives, the threat of intimidation, violence and petty .A. violationB. vandalismC. vanquisherD. variance4. At a meeting attended by more than 600 lecturers and support staff last week, workers passed a vote of no in senior management.A. consensusB. objectionC. confidenceD. continuation5. At the height of her fame during the Second World War, she was one of the world\'s most influential women. But in later years, a gaunt relic of her former , she was a forlorn propagandist for her husband\'s ostracized and diminished regime.A. reputationB. celerityC. backgroundD. celebrity6. That he was able to his responsibilities with such competence and apparent ease was partly due to his experience in the Royal Navy.A. dischargeB. chargeC. obtainD. answer7. The Galbraiths were a gregarious and family, probably descended from the Ancient British royal house of Strathelyde.A. proliferateB. promotiveC. prolificD. propagable8. In 1945 he worked for Hambro\'s Bank, touring the Middle East to report on ___diamond trading.A. elicitB. illiberalC. illuminantD. illicit9. Despite his professional and his strength of character, he had a warm sensitivity for the feelings of others, partly stemming from his memories of hardship at Dartmouth.A. imminenceB. immanenceC. emanationD. eminence10. Opposite the Italian journalists, Vladimir Putin, ________dressed and statesmanlike, answered a question about one of the country\'s notorious billionaires.A. immaculatelyB. immeasurablyC. justifiablyD. unkemptlyII. Error Correction (20 Points)Directions: In this passage there are altogether 10 mistakes. Try to detect the mistakes and write out your corrected answers in the numbered brackets.It used to be supposed that changes in the moral climate took decades to occur. Ideasfilters down from whichever opinion makers were possessed of social influence; ( 1 ) or they were imposed by those charged of social control who had the confidence or the capacity to determine public attitudes. ( 2 ) The introduction of mass education initially made little change here, since the content of the education, and the surviving social deference of the recipients, secured a continuing measure of stability.Moral ideas and moral practice are not, anyway, in a precise correlation: statistics of illegitimate births from preceding centuries, as moral declamation was universally adverse, indicate a gap between prescribed teaching and human practice. ( 3 ) But moral change was slow and ordered; it took a very long time for that was conventionally acceptable to change witness the stigma attached to divorce only 50 years ago. ( 4 )Now that has all changed. The reason is to be sought not so little in the collapse of institutional religion or in the moral incoherence of the western liberal intelligentsia whose ideals have no discernible philosophical basis so much as the means now available for the dissemination of ideas of all sorts. ( 5 ) It is due to the power of television. Ideas and moral precept are abstract, the nightly presentation, in dramas and "analysis" of public events by selected experts, is not. ( 6 )Both on the screen and in the classroom a version of unstructured Humanism would seem to prevail: moral virtue determined by whatever current educated opinion deems conducive to modern canons of politically correct ideas. ( 7 ) Soaps are extremely effective means of conveying moral propaganda, modern morality plays which link day-to-day developments in particular lives-lives which are, like in the entertainments of the past, to be followed or avoided, according the assigned roles in the tension of good and evil. ( 8 )The great difference from the past is that there is now so much entertainment which it is immediately available, and that it falls upon people with no other source of moral exhortation. ( 9 ) The heroes are the tolerant, commonsense moralists who ostensibly respect all viewpoints and decry "old-fashioned" moralists with their outmoded restrictions. The demons are those practitioners of whatever, for the moment, attract public obliquity-paedophiles, drug users, racists or whatever. ( 10 )Passage 2English literature has extracted and emphasized one very splendid thing; you never hear of it in patriotic speeches or in books about race or nationality, but it is the great contribution of the English temperament 1 the best life of the world. So far as it can be defined, it may be called the humane use of caricature. It consists in calling a man ugly as a compliment. If we wish to appreciate 2 we must remember the part 3 by satire and epigram in the largest part of human literature. Almost everywhere laughter has been used as a lash; if we were told about a man\'s wig or wooden leg, it was 4 by an enemy. Men reminded a man maliciously of his bodily weakness, especially if it was 5 with his worldly power.6 , for instance, the case of two of the greatest riders and conquerors among the children of men. Julius Caesar was bald, and he could not7 it all with his laurels.It\' was always morally as well as physically his unprotected spot. His enemies could say: "You have __8__Gaul, but you are bald. You have faced Pompey in arms and Cicero in argument, but 9 all that you are bald. "And he felt it himself, I think, for he was a vain man; the head of Caesar was like the 10 of Achilles.IV. Reading Comprehension (20 Points)Directions: Give a brief answer to each of the questions listed at the end of the following passage.My own sex, I hope, will excuse me, if I treat them like rational creatures, instead of flattering their fascinating graces, and viewing them as if they were in a state of perpetual childhood, unable to stand alone. I earnestly wish to point out in what true dignity and human happiness consists —I wish to persuade women to endeavor to acquire strength, both of mind and body, and to convince them that the soft phrases, susceptibility of heart, delicacy of sentiment, and refinement of taste, are almost synonymous with epithets of weakness, and that those beings who are only the objects of pity and that kind of love, which has been termed its sister, will soon become objects of contempt.Dismissing, then, those pretty feminine phrases, which the men condescendingly use to soften our slavish dependence, and despising that weak elegancy of mind, exquisite sensibility and sweet docility of manners, suppose to be the sexual characteristics of the weaker vessel, I wish to show that elegance is inferior to virtue, that the first object of laudable ambition is to obtain a character as a human being, regardless of the distinction of sex, and that secondary views should be brought to this simple touchstone.This is a rough sketch of my plan, and should I express my conviction with the energetic emotions that I feel whenever I think of the subject, the dictates of experience and reflection will be felt by some of my readers. Animated by this important object, I shall disdain to cull my phrases or polish my style; I aim at being useful, and sincerity will render me unaffected; for, wishing rather to persuade by the force of my arguments than dazzle by the elegance of my language, I shall not waste my time in rounding periods, nor in fabricating the turgid bombast of artificial feelings, which, coming from the head, never reach the heart. I shall be employed about things, not word! And, anxious to render my sex more respectable members of society, I shall try to avoid that flowery diction which has slided from essays into novels, and from novels into familiar letters and conversation.These pretty superlatives, dropping glibly from the tongue, vitiate the taste, and create a kind of sickly delicacy that turns away from simple unadorned truth; and a deluge of false sentiments and overstretched feelings, stifling the natural emotions of the heart, render the domestic pleasures insipid, that ought to sweeten the exercise of those severe duties, which educate a rational and immortal being for a nobler field of action. The education of women has, of late, been more attended to than formerly, yet they are still reckoned a frivolous sex, and ridiculed or pitied by the writers who endeavor by satire or instruction to improve them. It is acknowledged that they spend many ofthe first years of their lives in acquiring a smattering of accomplishments: meanwhile strength of body and mind are sacrificed to libertine notions of beauty, to the desire of establishing themselves—the only way women can rise in the world—by marriage. And this desire making mere animals of them, when they marry they act as such children may be expected to act—they dress, they paint, and nickname God’s creatures. Surely these weak beings are only fit for a seraglio!—Can they be expected to govern a family with judgment, or take care of the poor babes whom they bring into the world?If then it can be fairly deduced from the present conduct of the sex, from the prevalent fondness for pleasure which takes place of ambition and those nobler passions that open and enlarge the soul: that the instruction which women have received has only tended, with the constitution of civil society, to render them insignificant objects of desire—mere propagators of fools! —If it can be proved that in aiming to accomplish them, without cultivating their understandings, they are taken out of their sphere of duties, and made ridiculous and useless when their short-lived bloom of beauty is over.I presume that rational men will excuse me for endeavoring to persuade them to become more masculine and respectable.Indeed the word masculine is only a bugbear: there is little reason to fear that women will acquire too much courage or fortitude, for their apparent inferiority with respect to bodily strength, must render them, in some degree, dependent on men in the various relations of life; but why should it be increased by prejudices that give a sex to virtue, and confound simple truths with sensual reveries?Women are, in fact, so much degraded by mistaken notions of female excellence, that I do not mean to add a paradox when I assert, that this artificial weakness produces a propensity to tyrannize, and gives birth to cunning, the natural opponent of strength, which leads them to play off those contemptible infantile airs that undermine esteem ever whilst they excite desire. Let men become more chaste and modest, and if women do not grow wiser in the same ratio, it will be clear that they have weaker understandings. It seems scarcely necessary to say, that I now speak of the sex in general. Many individuals have more sense than their male relatives; and, as nothing preponderates where there is a constant struggle for an equilibrium, without it has naturally more gravity, some women govern their husbands without degrading themselves, because intellect will always govern.Questions:1. Why does the author urge women to reject their conventional image of weakness?2. How does the author relate diction and style to the cause of women\'s rights?3. With what details does the author convey her view on marriage?4. According to the author, how does the education on of women both reflect and foster the concept of their frivolity and weakness?英文写作Writing (20 Points)You are required to write ,in English, an article of a minimum of 500 words with the following topic:The Importance of Intercultural Communication in Today’s World.英汉互译1. Translate the following passage into English (30%)愚蠢的男人和愚蠢的女人结婚是一种幸福智慧的男人和聪明的女人在一起是一种格调。
2005-2014 英汉同传(互译)
2005年硕士研究生入学考试英汉同声传译专业试卷I. 将下列短文译成汉语(25分)While assembling a new national security team, President George W. Bush is confronting what could become the biggest challenge of his second term: how to contain Iran’s nuclear program and what Americans believe is its support of violence in Israel and insurgents in Iraq.In an eerie repetition of the prelude to the Iraq, hawks in the administration and congress are trumpeting ominous disclosures about Iran’s nuclear capacities to make the case that Iran is a threat that must be confronted, either by economic sanctions, military action, or regime change.But Britain, France and Germany are urging diplomacy, placing their hopes in a deal brokered by the Europeans in the past week in which Iran agreed to suspend its uranium enrichment program in return for discussions about future economic benefits.Secretary of State Colin Powell thrust himself into the debate on Wednesday by commenting to reporters while on the way to Chile that fresh intelligence showed that Iran was “actively working” on a program to enable its missiles to carry nuclear bombs, a development he said “should be of concern to all parties.”The disclosures alluded to by Powell were seen by hard-liners in the administration as another sign of Iranian perfidy, and by Europeans as nothing new. Although Powell has praised the negotiations between the Europeans and Iran, an administration official said there was “a steady tightening of outlook between hawks and doves” that Iran will use the negotiations as a pretext to continue its nuclear program in secret.II. 将下列文章译成汉语 (50分)The Patent Clerk's LegacyAlbert Einstein looms over 20th-century physics as its defining, emblematic figure. His work altered forever the way we view the natural world. "Newton, please forgive me," Einstein begged as relativity theory wholly obliterated the absolutes of time and space that the reigning arbiter of all things physical had embraced more than two centuries earlier.With little more to show than a rejected doctoral thesis from a fewyears before, this 26-year-old patent clerk, who practiced physics in his spare time and on the sly at work, declared brashly that the physicists of his day were "out of [their] depth" and went on to prove it. Besides special and general relativity, his work helped to launch quantum mechanics and modern statistical mechanics. Chemistry and biotechnology owe a debt to studies by Einstein that supplied evidence of the existence of molecules and the ways they behave.What is even more amazing is that he purveyed many of these insights through a series of papers that appeared during a single miraculous year, 1905. No other comparably fertile period for individual scientific accomplishment can be found except during 1665 and 1666, when Isaac Newton, confined to his country home to escape the plague, started to lay the basis for the calculus, his law of gravitation and his theory of colors. The international physics community has set aside 2005 as the World Year of Physics as a tribute to Einstein's centennial.Scientists in many realms of physics and engineering spent the 20th century testing, realizing and applying the ideas falling out of Einstein's work. As everybody knows, Einstein's E = mc2 formula was a key to the atomic bomb--and all the history that sprang from it. Einstein's explanation of the photoelectric effect underpinned technologies ranging from photodiodes to television camera tubes. A hundred years later technologists are still finding new ways to harvest novel inventions from Einstein's theories.One mark of genius relates to the length of time needed to fully explore, through experimentation, the implications of a new theory. In that sense, Einstein is still going strong. A recently launched space probe will examine various predictions of general relativity. But physicists are not waiting until the answers are all in before asking what comes next. Much of the most exciting work in physics now has the more ambitious aim of going beyond Einstein--of transcending his ideas and achieving a task akin to the one to which he devoted the last 30 years of his life, right to his deathbed, without success.III. 将下列短文译成英语(25分)中国是一个发展中国家，也是一个负责任的国家。
翻译2004及答案
外交学院2004年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试外国语言学与应用语言学专业考试科目：翻译代码为：404This test paper consists of two parts, namely, English into Chinese translation and Chinese into English translation. The total hours of work is 3 hours. 10×15＝150 pointsPart One: English into Chinese TranslationDirections: Translate the following 2 passages into Chinese; read the whole texts carefully to get a general impression of the contents and give your translationsin the sheets locally provided. To facilitate gr ading, the texts have been brokeninto groups of sentences, each group being given a serial number, therefore, whenyou write your versions, you MUST QUOTE the serial number also, put the number before each version. Please write neatly and intelligibly.Passage 1:-created by radiation in all⑴ The new environmental health problems are multipleits forms, born of the never-ending stream of chemicals of which pesticides are alypart , chemicals now pervading the world in which we live , acting upon us directand indirectly , separately and collectively . Their presence casts a shadow thatis no less ominous because it is formless and obscure, no less frightening becauseit is simply impossible to predict the effects of lifetime exposure to chemical and physical agents that are not part of the biological experience of man.⑵“We all live under the haunting fear that something may corrupt the environment” says Dr.to the point where man joins the dinosaurs as an obsolete form of life,David Price of the United States Public Health Service. “And what makes these thoughts all the more disturbing is the knowledge that our fate could perhaps be sealed twenty or more years before the development of symptoms.⑶ Where do pesticides fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seenthat they now contaminate soil, water, an d food, that they have the power to makeour streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much h e may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?⑷ We know that even single exposures to these chemicals ,if the amount is large enough, can precipitate acute poisoning .But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, spraymen, pilots, and others exposed to appreciable quantities of pesticides are tragic and should not occur . For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly contaminate our world.。
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北京外国语大学2004年同声翻译试题
I. 将下列单句译成汉语（25 分）
1) In the first half of this year, China’s GDP grew by 8.2% ——despite the SARS virus. Electricity demand rose by 15% in the same period, led by power-hungry industries such as steel and aluminum.
2) China, anxious about capital flight and proud of its economic sovereignty, will not be browbeaten into floating the yuan by hectoring Americans.
3) Power stations tend to be built far from cities, and to be surrounded by idle “buffer” land. It is suggested that greenhouses could be built o this land with the exhaust from the power station pumped in to supply the heat they need. Such greenhouses could be used to grow fruit, vegetables and flowers cheaply.
4) Out of all the unbecoming parts of drug addition, the search for clean needles is particularly ghastly. Dirty needles account for a third of all reported AIDS cases: they also explain why half of all long-term addicts get hepatitis C. 5) The fight over farm trade at the WTO ministerial meeting in the Mexican city of Cancun boils down to how far the rich world cuts tariffs on agricultural goods and dismantles its vast farm subsidies, and by how much developing countries reduce their own considerable tariffs in return.
II. 将下列短文译成汉语（50 分）
Unemployment in America is high, and elections are on the horizon. It must be time to look east
again for scapegoats. Japan is only starting to recover from its protracted recession, so China will be handed the role of economic villain in the coming US election cycle. Expect to hear a chorus of
presidential candidates blame unfair Chinese competition for America’s manufacturing woes. China’s trading partners do have legitimate grievances, but it would be irresponsible and inaccurate for American politicians to pin the United States’ economic sluggishness on scheming culprits in Beijing. Traveling in Asia in October, Treasury Secretary John Snow heeded political pressures back home in exhorting Chinese leaders to let the market price their currency. This is a desirable outcome in the long run, but a raft of immediate caveats come to mind. China’s financial system remains fragile, and sudden currency volatility could lead to a banking crisis that could spell disaster for the world economy. Washington would do better to urge China’s leaders to focus on their lack of preparation to assume their proper role in the world’s financial order, rather than to demand any supposedly quick fix. Moreover, China’s refusal to devalue its currency in the afterma th of the 1009’s crises in East Asia ——much appreciated by its neighbors and Washington at a time
when the yuan seemed overvalued ——adds credence to Beijing’s insistence that it prizes stability when it comes to exchange rates, not short-term advantages. With most economists concerned that China’s robust growth could fuel inflation and a speculative bubble, there are valid reasons for Beijing to fear a surging currency.
III. 将下列单句译成英语（25 分）
1）尽管20 世纪90 年代全国经济复苏，美国家庭最富有者和最贫穷者收入之间的差距继续扩大。
2）中华民族大家庭，靠文化价值观——风俗习惯、语言、文字——凝聚成一体。
但家庭内部也有纷争，家庭延续也有兴衰。
3）如果没有移民，美国不可能在第二此世界大战期间制造出原子弹；没有移民，美国也不会成为当今世界赏的唯一超级大国。
4）已经有一整年没活动筋骨了，整天坐在研究室里，翻阅资料，逐渐感觉到身体的机能在退化，筋骨像是长了锈，甚至出现腰酸背痛的迹象。
5）澳门是中国南海边的一个小城，面积现有约24 平方公里，人口也不过43 万人。
但是在中国的高等教育发展史赏，书写了光辉的开创篇，因为中国第一所西式大学就是在这里语1594 年创办的。
IV. 将下列短文译成英语（50 分）
在市场经济的条件下，资源肯定是要向成本低、效益高、利润大的地方流动。
所以，生产要素往城市和经济发达地区集中，是完全自发和自动的必然流向。
在“全球化”的过程中，会伴生一个副作用，就是富者越富，穷者越穷。
不要说“全球化”，就是“全国化”也一样，有钱的地区，就能提供各种优惠来吸引投资，没钱的地区，由于各种苦难而屡屡失去机会，东西部差距、城乡差距就会越来越大。
在这种情况下，农村、农业、农民肯定处于弱势地位，而保障农名各项权益，都是要花钱的，如果单靠其自身的努力、情况肯定难以改变，必须由相对富裕的地区给予大力帮助，也包括各级政府的财政转移支付、政策优惠，以及各种社会公共资源的倾斜。
因此，保障农民权益的根本出路就在于发展经济，首先得让农民逐步富裕起来。
如果仍旧保持在传统农业的框架下，只靠那“一亩三分地”，不管种什么也只能勉强糊口，发不了财。
要解决当前的“三农”问题，必须从结构上进行大调整，尽可能去赚城里人的钱。
而政府则要改善大环境，帮助农民从小农经济的桎梏中走出去，打开新天地，农民才能富裕起来。