毕业设计英文摘要撰写指南
本科毕业论文英文摘要撰写
本科毕业论⽂英⽂摘要撰写本科毕业论⽂英⽂摘要(Abstract)撰写⼀、本科毕业论⽂英⽂题⽬的拟订（⼀）名词性题⽬英⽂题⽬通常由名词性短语构成，即由⼀个或多个名词加上其前置定语或后置定语构成，因此标题中⼀般出现名词、形容词、介词、冠词和连词，若出现动词，⼀般是现在分词、过去分词或动名词。
⾼温对产蛋鸡产蛋性能、耗料及体重的影响Effect of High Temperature on Egg Performance, Feed Consumption, Feed to EggRatio and Body Weight in the laying hens繁殖技术对南美⾁⽜⽣产的影响Impacts of Reproductive Technologies on Beef Production in South America不同断奶⽇龄仔猪对⾎清代谢物⽔平的变化(影响)Effect of Weaning Age on Serum Metabolite Level in Piglets撰写英⽂题⽬时⼀个简单有效的⽅法是寻找出⼀个可以反映论⽂核⼼内容的主题词，依次进⾏扩展成为名词短语，使之包含论⽂的关键信息，并注意词语间的修饰要恰当。
Laboratory Diagnosis of SARS SARS 的实验室诊断Freezing and storing sperm 冷冻和储存的精⼦Diseases and Husbandry of Cattle 奶⽜的疾病和饲养每条标题⼀般是10-12个词，最多不要超过25个词。
如还不能⾜以概括全⽂内容，可⽤副标题加以补充说明。
First International Conference on Wireless Innovations ：New Technologies andEvolving Policies⾸届国际⽆线改⾰会议—新技术与进展政策需要说明的是如果论⽂题⽬是疑问句，句尾⼀般有问号；但如果是完整的陈述句，句尾没有句号。
怎样写英文摘要（5篇）
怎样写英文摘要（5篇）第一篇：怎样写英文摘要摘要的类型与基本内容根据内容的不同，摘要可分为以下三大类：报道性摘要、指示性摘要和报道指示性摘要(1)报道性摘要(informative abstract)：也常称作信息性摘要或资料性摘要，其特点是全面、简要地概括论文的目的、方法、主要数据和结论。
通常,这种摘要可以部分地取代阅读全文。
(2)指示性摘要(indicative abstract)：也常称为说明性摘要、描述性摘要(descriptive abstract)或论点摘要(topic abstract)，一般只用二三句话概括论文的主题，而不涉及论据和结论，多用于综述、会议报告等。
该类摘要可用于帮助潜在的读者来决定是否需要阅读全文。
(3)报道-指示性摘要(informative-indicative abstract)：以报道性摘要的形式表述一次文献中的信息价值较高的部分，以指示性摘要的形式表述其余部分。
传统的摘要多为一段式，在内容上大致包括引言(Introduction)，材料与方法(Materials and Methods)，结果(Results)和讨论(Discussion)等主要方面，即IMRAD((Introduction，Methods，Results and Discussion)结构的写作模式。
20世纪80年代中期出现了另一种摘要文体，即“结构式摘要"(structured abstract),该摘要实质上是报道性摘要的结构化表达。
写摘要的注意事项摘要主要讲述本论文的要点。
结论写完以后再写摘要.摘要给人第一口苹果的品尝效果.审稿人一般用15分钟看摘要和引言.如果第一印象不好,他/她会去寻找理由建议主编退稿.5 摘要的读者面比论文全文的读者面大得多。
不要用第一人称。
写摘要的顺序第一句话：讲一下你这篇文章的研究意义（但是有的杂志不需要这句话）第二句话：以 To eluicdatie the mechanism..., To investigate....,或者for the purpose of....开头来讲述你这样研究的目的。
毕业设计英文摘要撰写指南
毕业设计（论文）英文摘要撰写指南为进一步规范本科毕业设计（论文）英语摘要的写作，提高撰写质量，特制定《毕业设计（论文）英文摘要撰写指南》，供撰写英文摘要时参考。
一、英文摘要撰写的几条原则1．汉英对译原则中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性，从毕业生所撰写的英语摘要来看，存在两个误区，一是认为内容“差不多就行”或为了“好写”，在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容，或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容，造成文摘重心转移；二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译，对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏，这往往造成英文摘要用词累赘、重复，拖沓、冗长。
英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容，不能随意增删，但也不意味着一个字也不能改动，可有所出入。
2. 行文风格英文摘要的内容要求与中文摘要一样，一般包括目的、方法、结果和结论四部分。
英文摘要的撰写应简明扼要，不属于上述“四部分”的内容不必写入。
比如，在撰写英文摘要时可写出方法名称，而不必描述其操作步骤。
另外，在写作英文摘要时，要避免过于笼统的、空洞无物的一般论述和结论。
要尽量利用文章中的最具体的语言来阐述你的方法、过程、结果和结论，这样既可以给读者一个清晰的思路，又可以使你的论述言之有物、有根有据，使读者对你的工作有一个清晰、全面的了解。
3. 特殊字符特殊字符主要是指各种数学符号、上下脚标及希腊字母。
在摘要中尽量少用或不用特殊字符及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式，改用文字表达或文字叙述。
缩写字及首字母缩写词，如radar、laser、CAD等为大家所熟知的，可以直接使用。
对于那些仅为同行所熟悉的缩略语，应在其首次出现时用全称。
4. 时态与语态英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳，常用一般现在时、一般过去时，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用；用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等多用一般现在时。
不管是过去还是现在，涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，要用一般现在时；叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等过程)等，要用一般过去时。
英文摘要的写作技巧
英文摘要的写作技巧
一、写作方法
1、确定主题：写英文摘要时，要确定文章的主题，这是写英文摘要
的首要任务，这样才能把握全文的主旨，为摘要写作构思提供依据。
2、确定摘要内容：接下来，要确定摘要内容，一般来说，英文摘要
是对文章的全部内容进行精简总结，要考虑哪些是文章的重点内容，哪些
是支撑性的内容。
3、分析文章结构：然后，要进行文章的结构分析，把握文章的结构，以及每段内容的主要情节，这样才能把握文章的全部内容。
4、梳理摘要结构：接下来，要根据文章的结构确定摘要的结构，一
般来说英文摘要的结构是以“主题+逻辑分论点”的形式来进行总结。
5、撰写英文摘要：最后，要开始撰写英文摘要，写英文摘要时，要
注意字数，一般英文摘要占整篇文章的20%左右，不宜过多或过少，要适
当精炼。
二、写作注意
1、要注意文章的主旨：写英文摘要时，要注意文章的主旨，去掉无
用的信息，强调核心信息，而不是把全文都写了一遍。
2、要注意语言：写英文摘要时，要注意语言的表达，要尽量使用客观、简洁明了的表达，不要冗长繁琐，也不要太过牵强附会。
3、要注意语法：在写英文摘要时，要注意语法。
英文摘要写作规范
毕业论文（设计）英文摘要写作规范一、标题拟定原则及大小写规则书写英文论文摘要时必然涉及题目、作者的英译。
对此应注意以下几点：1．一般题目中除冠词、介词和连词外，其余所有实词的第一个字母都应大写，当介词、冠词和连词在题目的开头或最末一个词时也应大写。
有些刊物则规定题目的所有字母都大写。
题目不宜超过20字，在一行不够书写时，可分成两行，此时第二行的第一个字母必须大写。
2．科技论文题目通常不加标点符号，也不使用引号，但允许使用破折号。
3．题目一般不必用完整的句子，大多数应该用名词短语，力求简、明、短。
英文标题写、译的常用结构：为了使科技论文题目的英译工作做得更符合习惯表达法，现列出最常见的几种固定表达格式，以供参考。
1．ⅹⅹⅹ的研究A Study on．．．Studies on．．．A Study of the．．．2．ⅹⅹⅹ的理论和实践研究A Theoretical and Experimental Study on．．．3．ⅹⅹⅹ的实验研究An Experimental Study on．．．Experimental Investigation for．．．4．ⅹⅹⅹ的研制Development of the．．．Research on．．．．．．Development5．ⅹⅹⅹ的最新研究New Researches on．．．6．ⅹⅹⅹ的初步研究A Preliminary Study of．．．7．ⅹⅹⅹ的研究报告Research Report on．．．8．ⅹⅹⅹ的研制及其应用The Research and Application of the．．．9．ⅹⅹⅹ优化设计的研究Research on Optimum Design of．．．10．ⅹⅹⅹ研究最终报告Final Study Report on．．．11．ⅹⅹⅹ的新进展Recent Advances in．．．Recent Progress in．．．12．ⅹⅹⅹ报告A Report of．．．13．ⅹⅹⅹ方法Methods of．．．14．ⅹⅹⅹ计算方法A Computational Method for．．．15．ⅹⅹⅹ的简化计算方法A Simplified Method of Calculation of．．．16．ⅹⅹⅹ的一个简化方法A Simplified Method for．．．17．ⅹⅹⅹ的一般分析法A General Analytic Method of．．．18．ⅹⅹⅹ方法的改进An Improvement on the Method of．．19．ⅹⅹⅹ的计算Calculation for．．．20．ⅹⅹⅹ的理论计算A Theoretical Calculation of．．．21．ⅹⅹⅹ近似计算The Approximate Calculation of．．．22．ⅹⅹⅹ分析An Analysis of．．．23．ⅹⅹⅹ的分析与计算Analysis and Calculation of．．．24．ⅹⅹⅹ探讨Exploration on．．．A Study of．．．Study on．．．Investigation on．．．Approach to．．．Research on．．．Discussion on．．．25．ⅹⅹⅹ的理论探讨A Research on the Theory of．．．26．ⅹⅹⅹ应用The Application of．．．The Application of．．．to．．．An Application of．．．The Use of．．．27．ⅹⅹⅹ及其应用．．．and Its Application．．．and Their Application28．ⅹⅹⅹ方法及其应用Method of．．．and Its Application 29．ⅹⅹⅹ对ⅹⅹⅹ的影响The Effect of ．．．on ．．．30．ⅹⅹⅹ的影响Influence of ．．．Influence on ．．．31．ⅹⅹⅹ的几个问题Some Problems of ．．．32．ⅹⅹⅹ的几个重要问题Some Important Problems in ．．．33．ⅹⅹⅹ的特性Characteristics of ．．．34．ⅹⅹⅹ的性能比较A Performance Comparison of ．．．35．ⅹⅹⅹ研制，性能评定和验证Development，Performance Assessment and Verification of ．．．36．ⅹⅹⅹ误差分析和实验验证The Error Analysis and Experimental Verification for ．．．37．ⅹⅹⅹ的设计与实现Design and Implementation of ．．．38．ⅹⅹⅹ的优化设计Optimization Design of ．．．Optimum Design of ．．．39．ⅹⅹⅹ的合理化设计The Rationalized Design of ．．．40．ⅹⅹⅹ的分析与改进Analysis and Improvement of ．．．41．ⅹⅹⅹ的可靠性分析Reliability Analysis of ．．．42．ⅹⅹⅹ的测量与分析The Measurement and Analysis of ．．．43．ⅹⅹⅹ自动测试系统The Automatic Test System of ．．．44．ⅹⅹⅹ的误差分析Error Analysis of ．．．45．ⅹⅹⅹ的实验Experiments on ．．．Test of ．．．46．ⅹⅹⅹ的实验测定Experimental Determination of ．．．47．ⅹⅹⅹ破坏性实验研究Destructive Test Study of ．．．48．ⅹⅹⅹ的性能评定Evaluation of ．．．49．ⅹⅹⅹ的性能Performance of ．．．50．ⅹⅹⅹ的实验研究Experimental Study for ．．．51．ⅹⅹⅹ的设计与研制Design and Development for ．．．52．ⅹⅹⅹ的设计标准．．．A Design Criteria for ．．．53．ⅹⅹⅹ的精密测量High Precision Measurement of ．．．54．ⅹⅹⅹ的方法和仪器Method and Apparatus for ．．．55．ⅹⅹⅹ的应用技术Applied Technology of ．．．56．ⅹⅹⅹ方案A Scheme of ．．．57．ⅹⅹⅹ的实用方案A Practical Scheme of ．．．58．ⅹⅹⅹ建议A Suggestion on ．．．59．ⅹⅹⅹ的若干建议Some Recommendations for ．．．60．ⅹⅹⅹ小结A Preliminary Summary of ．．．A Preliminary Report on ．．．A Brief Report of ．．．61．ⅹⅹⅹ的调查A Survey of ．．．62．ⅹⅹⅹ的回顾与进展A Review and Prospect of ．．．63．ⅹⅹⅹ目前和今后的发展趋势Present and Future Trends in ．．．64．ⅹⅹⅹ的述评Some Comments on ．．．65．评“ⅹⅹⅹ”Some Comments on ．．．66．ⅹⅹⅹ的注记A Note on ．．．67．ⅹⅹⅹ商榷A Discussion on ．．．68．ⅹⅹⅹ简介A Brief Description of ．．．69．论ⅹⅹⅹOn ．．．70．关于ⅹⅹⅹA Discussion on ．．．科技论文标题范例：1．A Study on Silurian Tempestites in Tazhong Area，Tarim Basin 塔中地区志留系风暴沉积2．Organic Geochemical Characteristics of Ordovician Car-Bonate Rocks in the Middle and Western Ordos鄂尔多斯盆地中西部地区奥陶系碳酸盐有机地球化学特征3．A History of Two-phase-filling of Crude Oil in the Upper Reservoir of Well Leng 118辽河油田冷118井上部油藏原油两期注入史4．On Relations Between Signal-to-noise Ratio and Fractional Dimension of Seismic Data地震数据信噪比与分数维的关系探讨5．Viscous Fingering in Self-affine Sierpinski Carpet自仿射Sierpinski地毯中的粘滞指进一、人名拼音书写规范作者姓名是学术期刊中的重要数据之一，它在目次页、正文、作者简介和参考文献等多处出现。
如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要和关键词
如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要和关键词Writing the Abstract and Keywords for Your Graduation Thesis in EnglishAbstract:The abstract of a graduation thesis is a concise summary of the study and its findings. Written in English, it plays a crucial role in helping readers understand the main points of your research. In this article, we will discuss how to write an effective abstract for your graduation thesis and provide tips for selecting appropriate keywords.I. Components of an AbstractAn abstract typically consists of the following components:1. Background: Provide a brief introduction to the research topic, highlighting its significance and relevance. Explain why the topic is worth investigating.2. Objectives: Clearly state the research objectives and the main research question you aimed to answer.3. Methods: Briefly describe the research methods used in your study. Include information about the data collection process, sample size, and any statistical techniques employed.4. Results: Present the key findings of your research. The abstract should highlight the most important outcomes and discoveries.5. Conclusion: Summarize the implications of your findings and their potential impact on the field of study. Avoid incorporating new information or vague statements.II. Writing Style and LengthWhen writing the abstract, it is essential to maintain a concise and clear writing style. Keep in mind the following guidelines:1. Use clear and simple language: Avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse non-expert readers. Explain any specialized terminology used in your study.2. Be concise: The abstract should generally be between 150-250 words. Use short, informative sentences to convey your main points.3. Use the active voice: Writing in the active voice enhances clarity and readability. Focus on the actions performed and highlight the significance of your research.4. Do not reference figures or tables: The abstract should be self-contained and not refer to any external resources or visuals.III. Selecting KeywordsKeywords are essential in academic publishing, helping indexers and researchers locate your work. Here are some tips on selecting effective keywords:1. Be specific: Choose words that accurately represent the main aspects of your study. Avoid generic or overly broad terms.2. Use synonyms and related terms: Including synonyms or related terms expands the discoverability of your work. It increases the likelihood that your article will appear in a wider range of searches.3. Consider the research field: Identify keywords commonly used in your field of study. This helps ensure your work aligns with similar publications and reaches the intended audience.4. Balance simplicity and complexity: Keywords should strike a balance between being understandable to non-experts and reflecting the disciplinary depth of your research.In conclusion, an effective abstract is a condensed representation of your graduation thesis. It should provide readers with a clear overview of your research topic, objectives, methods, results, and conclusions. Additionally, carefully selecting appropriate keywords enhances the visibility and accessibility of your work within academic databases. By following these guidelines, you can craft a compelling abstract that effectively communicates the essence of your research.。
毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词撰写技巧
毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词撰写技巧AbstractWriting an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis is crucial for academic research. The abstract serves as a concise summary of the thesis, highlighting the key points and providing a clear overview of the study. This article aims to provide tips and techniques for writing an excellent abstract, including the format, content, and style.Keywords: graduation thesis, abstract, technique, writing, EnglishIntroductionThe abstract is an important component of any graduation thesis, as it is often the first section readers encounter. It is crucial to craft a well-written abstract to grab the attention of potential readers and provide them with a comprehensive understanding of the research. This section will discuss the techniques and guidelines for writing an effective English abstract.1. Understand the PurposeThe purpose of an abstract is to give readers an overview of the research conducted in the graduation thesis. It should provide a clear description of the background, objectives, methods, results, and conclusion of the study. The abstract should be concise and informative, allowing readers to quickly grasp the essence of the thesis.2. Follow the FormatTypically, an abstract should be no more than 250-300 words in length. It should begin with a brief and engaging introduction, followed by astatement of the research objectives. The methodology and key findings should be presented in a clear and organized manner. Finally, the abstract should conclude with a summary of the main conclusions and implications of the research.3. Write in a Clear and Concise MannerWhen writing the abstract, it is important to use clear and concise language. Avoid jargon or technical terms that may confuse readers. Use simple and precise sentences to convey the main points of the thesis. Additionally, ensure that the abstract flows smoothly and logically, making it easy for readers to understand the research.4. Emphasize Key Findings and ContributionsThe abstract should highlight the most significant findings and contributions of the graduation thesis. It should clearly state the research outcomes and how they contribute to the existing body of knowledge. The abstract should also mention any unique or innovative aspects of the research, showcasing its originality and relevance.5. Be Accurate and CohesiveAccuracy is vital when writing an abstract. Ensure that the information presented is consistent with the actual content of the thesis. Avoid making vague or exaggerated claims that cannot be supported by the research. Additionally, the abstract should flow smoothly, with each sentence and paragraph logically connected to the next.ConclusionWriting an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful attention to detail and adherence to specific guidelines. The abstract should provide a concise and coherent summary of the research, including its objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusions. By following the techniques and tips outlined in this article, researchers can produce a high-quality abstract that effectively communicates the essence of their thesis to readers.Keywords: graduation thesis, abstract, technique, writing, English。
毕业论文英文摘要
毕业论文英文摘要毕业论文英文摘要毕业论文英文摘要怎么写?有什么技巧吗?看看下面吧毕业论文英文摘要[1]ABSTRACTWeibo is one of the most important social media tools nowadays, thepopularization of Weibo brings a new kind of network marketing - Weibomarketing. Enterprises use Weibo' platform can carry out a series ofmarketing activities, in order to raise visibility and expand brand impact.Weibo marketing has gradually become one of the indispensablemarketing channels of many companies.However, as a new kind ofnetwork marketing, Weibo marketing has some significant differencefrom traditional marketing.In addition, the influence factors of Weibomarketing effectiveness has not been precisely defined, and marketingeffectiveness is difficult to scientific assessment.Therefore, the majorityof firms develop the Weibo marketing are blind, and Weibo marketing isstill at the exploratory stage.How much benefit Weibo marketing canbring for enterprises, which is the enterprise most concern.However, thescientific studies about the influence factors and evaluation of Weibomarketing effect are in a state of scarcity.This paper takes the hotel's Weibo as the research object, and deeplystudies the influence factors and evaluation of the Weibo marketingeffect:On the basis of summarizing those existing research on Weibomarketing, it is assumed that the decision-makers fromdifferent hotelshold tiie same degree of attention on Weibo marketing.Then, this paperexplores the influence factors of hotels' Weibo marketing effect from theWeibo users' perspective, analyzes the Weibo users' behavior guided byAISAS mode , tiirough the questionnaire survey to build the hotel Weibomarketing effect model with statistical software such as Excel and SPSS19.0.On this basis, this paper puts forward tiie Weibo marketing effectevaluation index hypothetical model, and then use AHP to build acomplete evaluation system , this system takes the hotels' Weibomarketing comprehensive effect as the goal layer, influence effect,communication effect and transformation effect as the criterion layer,takes Weibo influence, brand influence , interaction effect, fans value,actual trading volume and customer satisfaction as the sub-criterion layer,and takes 14 indexes such as Weibo influence index, brand hot degreesand brand search as the index layer.Finally, this evaluation index system is applied to Ningbo HowardJohnson Plaza Hotel and Ningbo Riviera Hotel.Through the observationand data collection of the hotels' Weibo, measure the hotel Weibomarketing effect index with the comprehensive index method.The resultsshow that these two hotels have little effect about Weibo marketing:1.Both hotels did not make full use of Weibo to launch various marketingactivities, Weibo marketing is still at a low level, and Weibo marketingdid not make the hotel brand awareness has obvious improvement;2.Those hotels are not ideal about the number oftransmission, commentand praise by Weibo users.Among their fans, the ratio of certified fans islow, while the ratio of active fans proportion is relatively substantial, andfew interactive activities are organized.So, how to attract a large numberof fans, and enhance the fans value is an urgent problem;3.The actualtrading volume is not optimistic.Although there is a higher satisfaction,customers release very few consumption experiences by Weibo during theinvestigation period.To some extent, both hotels reflect the problemsexisting in the hotel industry to carry out the Weibo marketing, thus, fortheir marketing situation, this article also brings up some suggestions andcountermeasures: 1.Accurate positioning, step by step;2.Grasp thefrequency and the best time on releasing information; 3.Showpersonalized content;4.Online and offline marketing activities arecombined together;5.Increase effective fans, pay attention to interactwith fans.KEYWORDS: Weibo marketing; Influencing factors; Effect evaluation;Indicator system毕业论文英文摘要[2]AbstractAs the information technology develops and the social network platform prospers,moreand more information are spreading and shared through the Internet.According to the uniqueadvantage that social network platform owns, many marketers also see the businessandpotential market there.They are also considering spreading the marketing information throughthis platform in a more efficient way.The research aims at find out those factors that influence people's online sharing behaviorabout marketing Information on social network sites.In the literature review, there are studiesanalyzing people's online shopping behavior, or online knowledge sharing behavior.But thereare few analyzing online marketing information sharing behavior.This study uses theoriesfrom sociology, ethology, economics and psychology to study the influential factors of onlinesharing behavior.It's based on the three main variances: Expected Reward from sociology andethology, Cost from economics, and Trust from the psychology but always mentioned underthe internet condition.These three variances were divided into more dimensions and differentcharacters of the marketing information were matched to them.We used factor analysis andregression analysis to find out which factors have more influence.The data was collectedthrough Sina Weibo platform and sample was based on marketing information of rewardingrepost.It turns out that Trust has the most obvious influence on the online sharing behavior,including dimensions of trust in information source, trust in information content andinstitutional mechanisms (Seal Programs)。
英文摘要书写技巧
英文摘要书写技巧【摘要】The abstract is a crucial part of any research paper, providing a brief summary of the study's key points. In this article, we discuss some important tips for writing an effective abstract.Firstly, it is essential to choose a clear and concise title that accurately reflects the research. Including relevant keywords can help improve the visibility of the study in search results. The abstract should provide a brief overview of the research, outlining the purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. Using a structured format with distinct sections can help guide the reader through the abstract. Avoiding technical jargon can ensure that the abstract is accessible to a wider audience.【关键词】英文摘要、书写技巧、清晰简洁的标题、关键词、研究摘要、结构化格式、避免技术术语1. 引言1.1 IntroductionThe abstract is a crucial part of any research paper as it provides a brief overview of the study and its findings. It servesas a snapshot of the entire paper, allowing readers to quickly understand the purpose and significance of the research. In this article, we will discuss some key tips for writing an effective abstract that effectively communicates the essence of your research. By following these guidelines, authors can ensure that their abstracts are clear, concise, and informative, ultimately helping to attract readers and generate interest in their work.2. 正文2.1 Choose a clear and concise titleRemember that the title of your abstract is often the first thing that readers will see, so it is important to make a good first impression. By choosing a clear and concise title, you can ensure that your abstract stands out and attracts the attention of potential readers.2.2 Include keywordsOne strategy for choosing keywords is to identify key terms that are repeated throughout your paper. These may include important concepts, variables, or theories that are central to your research. Additionally, consider using synonyms or alternative terms that readers might use when searching for information on your topic.2.3 Provide a brief summary of the researchOverall, the summary should give readers a clear understanding of what the research is about and why it is significant. By providing a concise overview of the study, the abstract can help readers determine whether the research is relevant to their interests and worth further investigation.2.4 Use a structured formatOne common format for structuring an abstract includes the following sections:2.5 Avoid technical jargonAdditionally, avoiding technical jargon can also help improve the overall readability and flow of your abstract. Readers will be able to grasp the key concepts and findings of your research more easily, leading to a more engaging and informative abstract.3. 结论3.1 ConclusionIn conclusion, writing a concise and well-structured abstract is essential for effectively communicating the key findings and importance of your research. By following the tips outlined inthis article, such as choosing a clear title, including relevant keywords, providing a brief summary of the research, using a structured format, and avoiding technical jargon, researchers can increase the visibility and impact of their work. A well-written abstract can attract more readers, increase the chances of publication, and enhance the overall quality of a research paper. Therefore, it is important for researchers to dedicate time and effort to crafting a well-written abstract that accurately represents the significance of their research findings.。
英文摘要书写技巧
英文摘要书写技巧Abstract Writing Tips (1500 words)Writing an abstract is a crucial skill for researchers and academics as it helps them communicate the essence of their work in a concise and accessible manner. An abstract is a summary of a research paper, report, or article that provides an overview of the main points and findings. This article provides some useful tips for writing effective and compelling abstracts.1. Understand the Purpose of an Abstract: Before starting to write the abstract, it is important to understand its purpose. An abstract serves as a snapshot of the entire work and allows readers to quickly determine if the study is relevant to their interests. It should provide enough information to help readers decide whether to read the full paper or not.2. Follow the Structure: Abstracts generally follow a specific structure that includes the background, objective, methods, results, and conclusions of the study. However, this structure may vary depending on the requirements of the journal or conference you are submitting to. It is essential to follow the prescribed structure to ensure that all the necessary information is included.3. Be Concise: Abstracts should be concise and to the point. Since they have word limits, it is important to prioritize the most essential information and avoid unnecessary details. A good abstract should be between 150-250 words, depending on the guidelines provided by the target journal or conference.4. Use Clear and Straightforward Language: Abstracts should be written using clear and straightforward language. Avoid unnecessary jargon or technical terms that may confuse the readers. Instead, use terminology that is easily understandable to a broad audience. Remember that the purpose of an abstract is to present your work to a wider audience, including non-specialists.5. Highlight Key Points: Since abstracts serve as a summary, it is important to highlight the key points of your work. These are usually the main objectives, methods, major findings, and significant conclusions. By emphasizing these key elements, readers can get a clear idea of your research without going through the entire paper.6. Be Accurate and Objective: When writing an abstract, it is crucial to be accurate and objective. Avoid making exaggerated claims or overgeneralizations about your findings. Stick to the facts and provide a fair representation of your research. This will help establish credibility and trust among the readers.7. Avoid Citations and References: Abstracts should not include citations or references to other papers or sources. It is not the place to provide a detailed literature review. Instead, focus on summarizing your own work without external references.8. Proofread and Edit: Like any other piece of writing, abstracts should be proofread and edited to ensure clarity and correctness. Pay attention to grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors. Ensure that the abstract reads smoothly and provides a coherent summary of your study.9. Revise for Different Platforms: If you plan to submit your work to multiple journals or conferences, it is important to revise your abstract accordingly. Each target platform may have different requirements, such as word limits or specific sections to include. Tailor your abstract to meet these requirements, ensuring that it optimally represents your research for each platform.10. Seek feedback: Lastly, it is always beneficial to seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or writing professionals. They can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improving your abstract. Incorporate their feedback to enhance the quality and impact of your abstract.In conclusion, writing an abstract requires careful consideration and attention to detail. By following these tips, you can effectively summarize your research and engage readers, ultimately increasing the visibility and impact of your work.11. Customize for Different Disciplines: It is important to keep in mind that abstracts may vary across different disciplines. Depending on the field of study, different aspects may be prioritized. For example, in scientific research, the methods and results sections may be more emphasized, while in humanities research, the theoretical framework and analysis may be more prominent. Therefore, it is crucial to tailor your abstract to the specific requirements and conventions of your discipline.12. State the Problem or Research Question: Start your abstract by clearly stating the problem or research question your study addresses. This helps readers understand the purpose and relevanceof your work. Be brief but specific in describing the issue you are investigating.13. Provide Context: In addition to stating the problem, it is important to provide some context for your study. This can include a brief background or literature review to explain the significance of the research. However, be cautious not to make the abstract too lengthy or to include excessive details. Focus on the key aspects that are directly relevant to your study.14. Summarize the Methodology: Briefly describe the methodology or approach used in your study. This includes the research design, data collection methods, and any analytical techniques employed. Highlight the key steps or procedures that are crucial for understanding your findings.15. Summarize the Results: Outline the main findings or results of your study. Be concise and specific, avoiding ambiguous or vague statements. If possible, use quantitative or qualitative data to support your conclusions. It is important to convey the most significant findings in a clear and understandable manner.16. Emphasize Novelty or Contribution: If your study has a unique or innovative aspect, make sure to highlight it in the abstract. This could be a novel methodology, a new theoretical framework, or a significant contribution to the existing literature. By emphasizing the novelty of your work, you can attract the attention of readers and make your abstract stand out.17. State the Implications and Conclusions: Conclude your abstractby summarizing the implications and conclusions of your study. Explain how your findings contribute to the existing knowledge, theory, or practice in your field. If applicable, mention any limitations or caveats of your study. By providing a clear and realistic assessment of your work, you can demonstrate its importance and practical implications.18. Include Keywords: Many journals and conferences require authors to include a list of keywords in their abstracts. Keywords are specific terms or phrases that represent the main topics or themes of your research. They help search engines and researchers find your work more easily. Choose keywords that accurately reflect the content and scope of your study.19. Pay Attention to Formatting and Style: When writing an abstract, it is important to adhere to the specific formatting and style guidelines of your target journal or conference. This includes font size, word limits, and citation styles, among others. Ensure that your abstract is properly formatted and meets all the requirements to avoid potential rejection or issues during the submission process.20. Keep Revising and Improving: Abstract writing is an iterative process. It is rare to have a perfect abstract in the first draft. Continuously revise and refine your abstract to make it more compelling and impactful. Seek feedback from colleagues, mentors, or experts in your field. Incorporate their suggestions and polish your abstract to enhance its quality and effectiveness.Writing an abstract is a skill that improves with practice. Byfollowing these tips and continually honing your abstract writing abilities, you can effectively communicate the essence of your research and increase its visibility and impact in your field. Keep in mind that abstracts play a crucial role in attracting readers' attention, so invest time and effort into crafting a clear, concise, and engaging abstract that accurately represents your work.。
毕业设计英文摘要
毕业设计英文摘要Title: A Comprehensive Overview of Graduation Design Abstracts Introduction:The graduation design abstract serves as a concise summary of a student's final project, providing a glimpse into the objectives, methodologies, and outcomes of their research. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the key elements that should be included in an English graduation design abstract, highlighting its significance and offering practical tips for crafting an effective abstract.1. Purpose and Objectives:The abstract should clearly state the purpose and objectives of the graduation design project. It should succinctly explain the problem or issue being addressed and highlight the significance of the research. By clearly defining the purpose, readers can quickly grasp the context and relevance of the study.2. Methodology:The methodology section outlines the research methods employed during the graduation design project. This includes a brief description of the research design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques. It is important to provide enough detail to allow readers to understand the approach taken, but avoid excessive technical jargon that may alienate non-expert readers.3. Results and Findings:In this section, the abstract should summarize the key findings and results of thegraduation design project. It should highlight the most important outcomes and any significant trends or patterns that emerged from the analysis. It is crucial to present the results in a clear and concise manner, using appropriate statistical or qualitative indicators to support the findings.4. Implications and Applications:The abstract should also discuss the implications and potential applications of the research findings. This section should highlight how the results contribute to the existing body of knowledge in the field and discuss any potential practical implications. By emphasizing the real-world significance of the research, the abstract can captivate readers and generate interest in the full graduation design report.5. Conclusion:The conclusion section of the abstract should provide a concise summary of the overall project. It should restate the main objectives, briefly summarize the methodology, highlight the key findings, and emphasize the significance of the research. The conclusion should leave readers with a clear understanding of the project's contributions and potential impact.6. Language and Style:An effective graduation design abstract should be written in clear, concise, and accessible language. Avoid using excessive technical terminology that may confuse or deter readers. Instead, strive for simplicity and clarity, ensuring that the abstract can be easily understood by both experts and non-experts in thefield.7. Length and Formatting:The length of a graduation design abstract may vary, but it is generally recommended to keep it within 250-300 words. Ensure that the abstract adheres to any specific formatting guidelines provided by the institution or journal. Pay attention to word limits, font size, and spacing requirements to ensure compliance.Conclusion:Crafting an effective graduation design abstract is crucial for conveying the essence of a research project concisely. By following the guidelines outlined in this article, students can ensure that their abstracts effectively communicate the purpose, methodology, results, and implications of their graduation design projects. Remember, the abstract is the first impression readers will have of the research, so make it engaging and informative.。
英文摘要书写技巧
英文摘要书写技巧【摘要】Abstract:Introduction:This article will provide insights into the key techniques for writing an effective abstract in English academic writing.【关键词】关键词：英文摘要、书写技巧、引言、关键词选择、清晰表达、简洁表达、缩写、句子结构、语法错误、拼写错误、结论、摘要技巧1. 引言1.1 IntroductionIn this article, we will discuss some key techniques for writing an abstract in English. We will cover important aspects such as selecting appropriate keywords, expressing ideas clearly and concisely, using abbreviations judiciously, avoiding long and complex sentence structures, and ensuring proper grammar and spelling. By following these tips, researchers and scholars can improve the quality of their abstracts and increase the chances of their work being noticed and cited by others in their field.2. 正文2.1 关键词的选择Try to use a mix of broad and specific terms to capture the breadth and depth of your research. Avoid using overly technical jargon that may not be familiar to a wider audience. Additionally, make sure to include synonyms and related terms to increase the chances of your abstract showing up in different search queries.2.2 清晰和简洁的表达One way to achieve clarity and conciseness in your abstract is to use simple and direct language. Avoid using overly technical terminology or jargon that may be unfamiliar to your audience. Instead, choose words that are commonly understood and accurately convey your meaning.2.3 适当使用缩写1. Define abbreviations when they are first used: When you introduce an abbreviation in your abstract, be sure to spell out the full term followed by the abbreviation in parentheses. For example, "The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends..."2.4 避免冗长和复杂的句子结构Another tip is to break up long sentences into shorter, more manageable chunks. This can help to improve the flow of the abstract and make it easier for readers to follow along. Additionally, using bullet points or lists can help to organize information in a clear and concise manner.2.5 注意语法和拼写错误When writing an English abstract, it is crucial to pay attention to grammar and spelling errors. These mistakes can greatly impact the overall quality and professionalism of your abstract. Here are some tips to help you avoid these errors:3. 结论3.1 SummaryIn summary, mastering the skills of writing an effective English abstract is crucial for researchers and academics. By carefully selecting appropriate keywords, expressing ideas clearly and concisely, using abbreviations judiciously, avoiding long and complex sentence structures, and paying attention to grammar and spelling errors, authors can ensure that their abstracts are informative, engaging, and easily understood by a wide audience. A well-written abstract can significantly enhance the visibility and impact of a research paper, attracting morereaders and increasing the likelihood of citations. Therefore, it is important for writers to practice and refine their abstract writing skills, with a focus on clarity, precision, and accuracy. By following the tips and guidelines outlined in this article, authors can improve the quality of their abstracts and increase the chances of their research being recognized and appreciated in the academic community.3.2 ConclusionIn conclusion, writing a concise and effective abstract requires careful consideration of key elements such as keyword selection, clarity and brevity of expression, appropriate use of abbreviations, avoidance of lengthy and complex sentence structures, and attention to grammar and spelling errors. By following these tips, researchers can craft abstracts that effectively summarize their work and attract the attention of readers. Ultimately, a well-written abstract can enhance the visibility and impact of a research study, making it more likely to be read and cited by others in the field. Researchers should therefore devote time and effort to honing their abstract writing skills in order to effectively communicate the significance of their work and contribute to the advancement of knowledge in their respective fields.。
如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词
如何撰写毕业论文的英文摘要与关键词AbstractWriting an English abstract for a graduation thesis is an essential part of academic research. It serves as a concise summary of the entire thesis, highlighting the main objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusion of the study. The abstract is usually written in a specific format and should be well-structured and coherent. This article provides a guide on how to write an effective English abstract for a graduation thesis, including the necessary components and writing techniques.1. IntroductionThe introduction section of the English abstract should provide a brief background of the research topic and state the research objectives. It should explain the significance of the study and outline the research questions or hypotheses that guided the research.2. MethodologyIn this section of the abstract, the research methodology used in the thesis should be described briefly. This may include the research design, data collection methods, sample size, and data analysis techniques. The aim of this section is to give readers an understanding of the methods employed in the research.3. FindingsThe findings section of the abstract should present the main results and outcomes of the research. It should highlight the key findings or discoveriesthat were made during the study. This section should be concise yet informative, providing a clear understanding of the outcomes of the research.4. ConclusionIn the conclusion section of the abstract, the main conclusion or implications of the research should be summarized. This section should demonstrate how the research findings contribute to the existing knowledge in the field and discuss any practical implications or recommendations that may arise from the study.5. KeywordsKeywords are an essential component of an abstract as they help readers identify the main themes or topics of the research. It is advisable to include 3-5 keywords that are relevant to the research topic. These keywords should be carefully selected to ensure they accurately reflect the content of the thesis.6. Writing TechniquesTo write an effective English abstract, it is important to follow certain writing techniques. Firstly, the abstract should be written in clear and concise language, avoiding unnecessary jargon or technical terms. The use of active voice and present tense is recommended. Secondly, the abstract should be well-structured, with each section flowing smoothly into the next. It should be written in a logical order, following the sequence of the main sections of the thesis. Lastly, proofreading and editing are crucial to eliminate any grammatical or spelling errors, ensuring the abstract is of high quality.In conclusion, writing an English abstract for a graduation thesis requires careful planning and attention to detail. By following the guidelines provided in this article, researchers can effectively summarize their research in a concise and informative manner. The abstract serves as a key component of the thesis, providing readers with an overview of the research objectives, methodology, findings, and conclusion. A well-written abstract enhances the overall quality and impact of the graduation thesis.。
本科毕业论文英文摘要怎么写
本科毕业论文英文摘要怎么写Writing an Abstract for an Undergraduate ThesisAbstracts are concise summaries of research papers or academic articles that provide a brief overview of the study's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. They serve as a standalone text and enable readers to quickly understand the main points of the paper without having to read the entire document. This article aims to guide undergraduate students on how to write an effective abstract for their thesis.1. IntroductionThe abstract section is a vital component of any research paper. It should accurately represent the content of the thesis, enticing readers to continue reading. When crafting an abstract, it is essential to consider its length, organization, and the specific elements to include.2. Content of the AbstractTo ensure a comprehensive and accurate summary, an abstract should typically include the following elements:2.1. Background and Purpose: Briefly explain the context of the research and state the objectives or questions addressed in the study. Highlight the significance of the research topic and its relevance to the field.2.2. Methodology: Describe the research approach, including the study design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques employed. Mention any specific tools, software, or equipment used.2.3. Results: Summarize the main findings of your research. Provide the key quantitative or qualitative results obtained and emphasize their significance. Avoid including excessive details or statistical analyses.2.4. Conclusion: State the main conclusions drawn from the study. Highlight the implications of the findings and their potential impact on the research field or practical applications.3. Structure and FormattingTo ensure clarity and conciseness, follow these guidelines when structuring your abstract:3.1. Length: Typically, undergraduate thesis abstracts range from 150 to 350 words. Check if your university or department has specified any word limit requirements.3.2. Language and Tone: Use clear and straightforward language to convey your research effectively. Avoid jargon, abbreviations, or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to a broad audience. Maintain an objective tone throughout the abstract.3.3. Organization: Arrange the content logically and coherently. Start with an introduction, followed by the methodology, results, and conclusion sections. Consider the specific requirements of your discipline or department.3.4. Grammar and Style: Ensure proper grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. Use active voice and past tense to describe the research conducted and results obtained.4. Seeking Feedback and RevisionsAfter drafting your abstract, seek feedback from your advisor, professors, or peers. Incorporate any suggested revisions to enhance theclarity, accuracy, and overall quality of your abstract. Pay attention to word choice, grammar, and the appropriateness of the content.5. Checking for Accuracy and ClarityBefore finalizing the abstract, carefully review it to ensure its accuracy and clarity. Verify that the content provided aligns with your thesis, and all necessary details are included. Focus on maintaining a concise yet informative summary.6. ConclusionThe abstract serves as a condensed version of your undergraduate thesis, making it essential to capture the main points effectively. By adhering to the guidelines outlined above, you can write a clear, concise, and accurate abstract that provides readers with a comprehensive overview of your research. Remember, mastering the art of writing an abstract is crucial not only for your undergraduate thesis but also for future research endeavors.。
英文摘要写作指南 a guide to english abstract writing
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3、报道-指示性摘要
报道-指示性摘要是以报道性摘要的形式表
述论文中价值最高的那部分内容，其余部分 则以指示性摘要形式表达。 篇幅以100～200字为宜。 本科生毕业论文，我们建议采用第一种种， 即报道性摘要。200字左右。
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SCI报道-指示性摘要案例
该摘要介绍了相关研究背景（进展）并提出了作者的设想 （Despite the remarkable……，we believe that……），摘 要的第二句提出了支持作者设想的论证（Arguments to support this view are……），最后一句（This functional performs……）评价并说明论文所提出模型的贡献 （functional相当于model）。本摘要在方括号（[ ]）中给 出了前期相关工作的文献，注意该文献在文末参考文献中 的列举是按其在正文中出现的顺序，与在摘要中是否出现 无关。
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具体地讲，
就是研究工作的主要对象和 范围，采用的手段和方法，得出的结果 和重要的结论，有时也包括具有情报价 值的其它重要的信息。
摘要应具有独立性和自明性，并且拥有
与文献同等量的主要信息，即不阅读全 文，就能该文获得最重要和必要的信息。
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二、摘要的主要功能
1)
让读者尽快了解论文的主要内容，以补充题 名的不足 ．
摘要担负着吸引读者和将文章的主要内容介绍
给读者的任务。
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2)
为科技情报文献检索数据库的建设和维护提 供方便。
索率和被引的频次。
论文摘要的质量高低，直接影响着论文的被检
字数一般控制在全文5%-10%。
新整理英文摘要写作指南
英文摘要写作指南英文摘要写作指南：摘要（summary）是一种对原始文献（或文章）的基本内容进行浓缩的语义连贯的短文。
它以迅速掌握原文内容梗概为目的，不加主观评论和解释，但必须简明、确切地表述原文的重要内容。
摘要写作（summary aintheme）和各段的段落大意（the main idea）。
2）弄清要求。
搞清楚是写全文概要，还是写某一部分的概要，或者就某些问题写出要点。
3）列出原文要点。
分析原文的内容和结构，将内容分项扼要表述并注意在结构上的顺序。
在此基础上选出与文章主题密切相关的部分。
4）草拟写作提纲并写出初稿。
将挑选出的要点作为框架草拟详细的提纲，以所列的提纲为依据写出摘要的初稿。
在写作时要特别注意下面几点：（1）摘要应包括原文中的主要事实（main facts）；略去不必要的细节（unnecessary details）。
（2）安排好篇幅的比例。
摘要应同原文保持协调，即用较多的文字写重要内容，用较少的文字写次要内容。
（3）注意段落的连贯和句子的衔接。
要用适当的转折词语贯通全文，切忌只简单地写出一些互不相干的句子。
（4）尽可能用自己的话来写，但不排斥用原文的某些词句。
（5）计算词数，看是否符合规定的词数要求。
请阅读下面这篇约500词的原文。
并要求写出约150词的摘要。
Hoe America’s Largest CityIn the 18th century Nealler than Philadelphia andBoston．Today it is the largest city in America．Hoportance be explained？To ansust consider certain facts about geography，history，and economics．Together these three erica’s most famous city．The map of the Northeast shoost heavily populated areas in this region are around seaports．At these points materials from across the sea enter the United States， and the product of the land are sent there for export across the sea．Economists knoeet are good places for making raaterials into finished goods．That is ore than their geographical location in order to become great industrial centers．Theirdevelopment did not happen simply by chance．About 1815，any Americans from the east coast had already moved to the ports to the central regions of the country began to be a serious problem． The sloe，draoving heavy freight very far．Americans had long admired Europe’s canals．In Need the best solution to the transportation problem．From the eastern end of Lake Erie all the pleted in 1825．The canal produced an immediate effect．Freight costs aller than Philadelphia and Boston， quickly became the leading city of the coast．In the years that folloe the end point of a great inland shipping system that extended from the Atlantic Ocean far up the ing of the railroads made canal shipping less important，but it tied Neore closely to the central regions of the country．It Neports．Consequently，shipping companies Europe．Passengers could come from Europe very cheaplyas a result．Thus Nee the greatest port for receiving people from European countries． Many of these people remained in the city．Others stayed in Neonths，or years，and then moved to other parts of the United States．For these great numberof neericans Nees， goods， and services．Their labor helped the city be come great．（498 mary of above passage．Hoe America’s Largest CityNealler than Philadelphia and Boston，but noerica’s largest city because of geography，history and economics．Neaterials ported to the US and the products of the US pleted in 1825．This linked Lake Erie to Neported，so cheap passages Europe．Nee the main port for receiving Europeans，many of stayed in the city and helped it become great．（150 words）初稿完成后要检查修改。
毕业论文的英文摘要怎么写
毕业论文的英文摘要怎么写毕业论文里面有中英文摘要，中文摘要对于我们这些中文过了专业八级的人来说，完全是小菜一碟，但是英文摘要可能就难了。
下面我分享一下我写摘要的方法和写英文摘要用到的工具。
1、该写什么？摘要就写三四句话，总的逻辑是：“前人是怎么研究的-对论文中的几个关键词适当解释一下-我论文的结果，大致说一下”。
比如说，你要写小分子RNA的激活作用。
那么你就可以先介绍前人对于小分子RNA的研究，都是在RNA的干扰作用层面来研究的，而我们自己团队研究出来这个小分子RNA具有转录激活作用（第一句结束）。
接着你介绍小分子RNA是个什么东西，从啥时候开始研究，主要有啥功能（第二句结束）。
最后你写写自己团队做出来什么结果，比如说本实验研究表明，在人乳腺癌细胞中，小分子RNA可以通过结合启动子从而启动基因的表达（最后一句结束）。
如果你觉得自己字数不够的话，再加一句，这个转录激活机制可以在哪些方面有应用。
你看，是不是好简单！2、工具linggle to写英文摘要，最忌讳的就是把中文摘要逐字逐句翻译成英文，如果这样做，让你只会让自己读起来很爽。
所以，我们要用正确的英文搭配，才能避免这样的错误。
这个网站，就可以很方便的查固定搭配，简直不能再好！linggle to.png如果不会用，就点开help，然后你就可以看到下面这个窗口跳出来。
解答在此.png3、工具：海词词典我用过最好用的词典，可能就是海词了，里面可以拆字根，可以看近义词啥的，功能太多。
如果你给海词词典设定一个快速打开的快捷键，那么可以节省很多时间。
我设定的快捷键是ctrl+alt+X。
海词词典.png如果你有更好的方法，一起分享吧！。
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毕业设计（论文）英文摘要撰写指南为进一步规范本科毕业设计（论文）英语摘要的写作，提高撰写质量，特制定《毕业设计（论文）英文摘要撰写指南》，供撰写英文摘要时参考。
一、英文摘要撰写的几条原则1．汉英对译原则中英文摘要的一致性主要是指内容方面的一致性，从毕业生所撰写的英语摘要来看，存在两个误区，一是认为内容“差不多就行”或为了“好写”，在英文摘要中随意删去中文摘要的重点内容，或随意增补中文摘要所未提及的内容，造成文摘重心转移；二是认为英文摘要是中文摘要的硬性对译，对中文摘要中的每一个字都不敢遗漏，这往往造成英文摘要用词累赘、重复，拖沓、冗长。
英文摘要应严格、全面的表达中文摘要的内容，不能随意增删，但也不意味着一个字也不能改动，可有所出入。
2. 行文风格英文摘要的内容要求与中文摘要一样，一般包括目的、方法、结果和结论四部分。
英文摘要的撰写应简明扼要，不属于上述“四部分”的内容不必写入。
比如，在撰写英文摘要时可写出方法名称，而不必描述其操作步骤。
另外，在写作英文摘要时，要避免过于笼统的、空洞无物的一般论述和结论。
要尽量利用文章中的最具体的语言来阐述你的方法、过程、结果和结论，这样既可以给读者一个清晰的思路，又可以使你的论述言之有物、有根有据，使读者对你的工作有一个清晰、全面的了解。
3. 特殊字符特殊字符主要是指各种数学符号、上下脚标及希腊字母。
在摘要中尽量少用或不用特殊字符及由特殊字符组成的数学表达式，改用文字表达或文字叙述。
缩写字及首字母缩写词，如radar、laser、CAD等为大家所熟知的，可以直接使用。
对于那些仅为同行所熟悉的缩略语，应在其首次出现时用全称。
4. 时态与语态英文摘要时态的运用也以简练为佳，常用一般现在时、一般过去时，少用现在完成时、过去完成时，进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用；用于说明研究目的、叙述研究内容、描述结果、得出结论、提出建议或讨论等多用一般现在时。
不管是过去还是现在，涉及到公认事实、自然规律、永恒真理等，要用一般现在时；叙述过去某一时刻(时段)的发现、某一研究过程(实验、观察、调查等过程)等，要用一般过去时。
采用何种语态，既要考虑摘要的特点，又要满足表达的需要。
因摘要的篇幅较短，尽量不要随便混用，要么主动、要么被动，不要在一个句子里混用。
二、英文摘要常用词汇与句型由于摘要的英文表达要求用词简明、层次清楚, 因此掌握一些特定的规范表达，对于摘要的撰写是很有帮助的（原文所选皆为主动语态，有些句子作了被动语态的转换，仔细研读，定会收益）。
1．开头部分（1）描述研究背景。
常用review, summarize, present, outline, describe等，例如：原句：We review evidence for this view of addiction and discuss its implications for understanding the psychology and neurobiology of addiction.被动：Evidence is reviewed for this view of addiction and its implications are discussed for understanding the psychology and neurobiology of addiction.(注意被动转换句子结构的调整，相对讲，主语不能太长，谓语不能太短，要平衡调整)原句：This paper outlines some of the basic methods and strategies and discusses some related theoretical and practical issues.被动：Outlined are some of the basic methods and strategies and discussed are some related theoretical and practical issues in this paper. (如果简单的转换成被动语态就会显得头重脚轻，宜用倒装平衡)（2）阐明写作或研究目。
常用purpose, attempt, aim等，另外还可以用动词不定式充当目的状语来表达，如：We attempt to recover a function of unknown smoothness from noisy sampled data.To investigate the mechanism of Bcl-2's effect, we examined whether Bcl-2 interacted with other proteins.（3）提出重点内容或研究范围。
常用study, present, include, focus, emphasize, emphasis, attention等，例如：Here we study the dependence of apoptosis on p53 expression in cells from the thymus cortex.This article includes a brief review of the physics underlying HERWIG, followed by a description of the program itself.2．方法部分（1）介绍研究或试验过程。
常用test, study, investigate, examine, experiment, discuss, consider, analyze, analysis等，例如：原句：We use N-body simulations to investigate the structure of dark halos in the standard cold dark matter cosmogony.被动：N-body simulations are used to investigate the structure of dark halos in the standard cold dark matter cosmogony. （此处被动好于主动）原句：We present an analysis of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33. 0 kton yr (535-day) exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector.被动：An analysis is presented of atmospheric neutrino data from a 33. 0 kton yr (535-day) exposure of the Super-Kamiokande detector.(主语割裂式平衡)（2）说明研究或试验方法。
常用词汇有：measure, estimate, calculate等，例如：原句：We have developed a global model to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC).被动割裂：A global model is developed to estimate emissions of volatile organic compounds from natural sources (NVOC).（3）介绍应用、用途。
常用use, apply, application等，例如：原句：Our program uses a maximum likelihood approach and is based on version 3. 3 of Felsenstein's dnaml program.被动转换：Based on version 3. 3 of Felsenstein's dnaml program, a maximum likelihood approach is used in Our program.As an application, we implement a compact image coding algorithm that selects important edges and compresses the image data by factors over 30.3．结果部分（1）展示研究结果。
常用show, result, present等，例如：We show this cell death to be dependent upon expression of c-myc protein and to occur by apoptosis.原句：Our results suggest a widespread role for the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate system in the nervous system.被动：A widespread role for the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate system in the nervous system is suggested in our results.这是常犯的中式英语，头重脚轻，稍调即可：A widespread role is suggested in our results for the nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate system in the nervous system（2）介绍结论。
常用summary, introduce, conclude等，例如：By means of informal mathematical arguments, simulations and a series of worked examples, we conclude that PQL is of practical value for approximate inference on parameters and realizations of random effects in the hierarchical model.4．讨论部分（1）陈述论文的论点和作者的观点。