英语选择题

1.Red marrow in certain bones is capable of producing blood cells, a process called
_________A____.
A hematopoiesis B. plasmapheresis C. erythropoiesis D. hemostasis
2.Almost all the bones of the body may be classified into four principal types on the basis of
shape, long, short, flat and _______B_______.
A.femur
B. irregular
C. spongy
D. sutural
3.___________D__, produced by the thyroid gland, inhibits osteoclastic activity and accerates
calcium absorption by bone.
A. parathormone
B. cortisone
C. growth hormone
D. calcitonin
4.Internal reproductive organs are protected from injury by the ________A____ bones.
A.pelvic
B. cranial
C. thoracic
D. abdominal
5.In some elderly individuals, the aging process can cause their bones to become quite
_______D__ and more suscetible to fracture.
A. flexible
B. resilient
C. compact
D. brittle
6.Which of the following roots means joint?A
A. arthr-
B. chondr-
C. carp-
D. stern-
7.The medulla oblongata, the pons and the midbrain are called the _______D_____.
A. cerebrum
B. cebellum
C. diencehalon
D. brain stem
8.A patient with a tumor of the _____B__________ frequently loses his balance and topples
over.
A. cerebrum
B. cerebellum
C. diencephalon
D. brain stem
9.The general functions of the cerebellum, then, are to produce smoth coordinated movements,
maintain _____C________, and sustain normal postures.
A. temperature
B. hemostasis
C. equilibrium
D. blood pressure
10.A cerebrovascular accident, which is a hemorrhage from or cessation of blood flow through
cereral blood vessels, is also called a ________A____ in non-technical language.
A. stroke
B. spasm
C. spur
D. stenosis
11.All blood cells begin as ________A_____, also called stem cells.
A. hemocytoblast
B. erythroblast
C. osteoblast
D. chondroblast
12.The time that it takes for the formed elements to settle is called the ___B__________ rate.
A. deoxygenation
B. sedimentation
C. degeneration
D. coagulation
13.When the blood in a special tube is placed into a centrifuge, the ______A_______, which is
the volume of formed elements, especially erythrocytes, can be obtained.
A. hematocrit
B. hemacytometer
C. hemoglobin
D. hemosiderin
14.A _______B____ is used to count the number of erythrocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood.
A. hemorrhage
B. hemacytometer
C. hemophobia
D. hemolysis
15.________A____, the pigment of erythgrocytes, is capable of carrying oxygen or carbon
dioxide. For this reason, it is called a respiratory pigment.
A. Hemoglobin
B. Erythropoitin
C. Bilirubin
D. Prothrombin
16.The white blood cells pass through the capillary walls and infiltrate the infected tissue by a
process called _______A________.
A. diapedesis
B. homeostasis
C. chemotaxis
D. hemostasis
17.In a hypertonic plasma the red blood cells shrink as a result of water leaving the cell body.
This shrinkage is called _____C___________.
A. agglutination
B. sedimentation
C. crenation
D. coagulation
18._________A_____, the sealing of a wound by a blood clot, is accomplished by conversion of
prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin.
A. coagulation
B. infiltration
C. immunization
D. constriction
19.By placing blood into a special tube called a Winthrobe tube and add ing an ______B_____,
the formed elements will settle to the bottom of the tube after a while.
A. antigen
B. antibody
C. antibiotic
D. anticoagulant
20.Which of the following roots means “eat or swallow”?A
A. phago-
B. baso-
C. agglutino-
D. sidero-
21.The nervous system provides rapid, brief control by fast-traveling nerve ________D___.
A. pulses
B. impulses
C. current
D. excitation
22.The pituitary gland is really two endocrine glands. One is called the anterior pituitary gland or
____________B_____, and the other is called the posterior pituitary gland or neurophyophysis.
A. hypophysis
B. adenohypophysis
C. adrenotropin
D. androgen
23.Which of the following hormone is not secreted by the thyroid gland? D
A. thyroxine
B. triiodothyronine
C. calcitonin
D. luteinizing hormone
24.T3 and T4 influence every one of the trillions of cells in our bodies. They make them speed
up their release of energy from foods. In other words, they stimulate cellular ______A______.
A. metabolism
B. catabolism
C. anabolism
D. mechanism
25.Low dietary intake of _____D__________ causes a painless enlargement of the thyroid gland.
A. sodium
B. phosphorus
C. potassium
D.iodine
26. The stomach , which stores and mixes the food is a J-shaped bag consists of the fundus,
_____A___, lesser and greater curvature.
A. pylorus
B. stenosis
C. mucin
D. sinus
27. When the chyme enters the ___B________, the second part of the small intestine, absorption begins.
A. colon
B.duodenum
C.jejunum
D.cecum
28. Which of the following statement about large intestine or colon is false?C
A. except for the rectum, the entire colon is linked with little sacs called haustra.
B. feces, the waste material of digestion are formed in the colon.
C.water and essential body salts are filtered out
D. vitamin K and B-complex are manufactured in the colon by bacterial flora.
29. The structure of the digestive system is also called the _______D____.
A. oropharyngeal canal
B.ileocecal junction
C. hepatic sinusoid
D. alimentary tract
30. The hepatic function most directly related to digestion is the secretion of ____B_______, a
greenish fluid that emulsifies the lipids or fat globules by further reducing them.
A. enzyme
B. bile
C. glucose
D. saliva
31. Which of the following roots does’t concern with internal organs?D
A. nephro-
B. cardio-
C.pancreato-
D.neuro-
32. The word ______B____ has the same meaning with “urination”.
A. erythruria
B.micturition
C. filtration
D.fluctuation
33. The renal circulation is unusual in that it includes two sets of arterioles and two sets of
capillaries known as the glomerular capillaries and ____A_____ capillaries.
A. urethral
B. distal
C. efferent
D.peritubular
34. Homeostatic mechanism can regulate the bodily balance. For exmaple , when a normally hydrated person drinks a lot of water, within 1-2 hours all the excess water will be excreted in the urine. This mainly results from____________A____.
A. increased tubular reabsorption of water
B. decreased tubular reabsorption of water
C. an decrease in filtration
D. an increase in hydration and oxygenation
35.The movements of substances from the renal tubules to the surrounding tubules is termed___A______.
A. reabsorption
B.secretion
C. excretion
D. filtration
36. Blood enters the left artrium by ____C_____.
A. the superior vena cava
B. the inferior vena cava
C. pulmonary veins
D. both A and B
37. Among the 5 deflection waves during an ECG tracing, the T wave represents the electrical recovery and relaxation of the ventricle, that is, the_____D____ of the ventricle.
A. excitation
B.depolarization
C. regeneration
D.repolarization
38. The heart rate is influenced by emotions,___D____ changes and activity.
A. gaseous
B. contractile
C.hormonal
D.postural
39. Since the blood pressure in the veins is very low, they rely on other methods of propulsion in order to return the blood to the heart, which includes skeletal contraction, gravity and ______C____activity.
A.stimulating
B. reflex
C.respiratory
D.conducting
40. The myocardium has its own blood supply provided by the_____C____ which are branches of the aorta.
A. venules
B. arterioles
C. coronary arteries
D.sinoatrial node
26.Long bones have greater length than width and consist of a _______C______ and a variable
number of epiphyses.
A.hemolysis
B. osmosis
C. diaphysis
D. diapedesis
27.Remodeling is the replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue. ______D____ bone is
formed by the transformation of spongy bone .
A. Ankle
B. Cranial
C. Vvertebral
D. Compact
28.Many internal organs are protected from injury by the skeleton. For example, the spinal cord
is protected by the _______C_________.
A. rib cage
B. vertebrae
C. ankle bones
D. sternum
29.Many tissues in the body need calcium in order to perform their functions. For example, a
nerve cell needs calcium for nerve impulse_________C________, muscle needs calcium to contract, and blood needs calcium to clot.
A.constriction
B. dialation
C. conduction
D. construction
30.Because of sex hormones, the typical adolescent experiences a spurt of growth during
_____D_____, when sex hormone levels start to increase.
A. adolescent
B. infant
C. fetus
D. puberty
31.The brain is protected in the cranial cavity of the skull and also covered by protective
membranes called ______B______.
A. pericardium
B. meninges.
C. peritoneum
D. ganglia
32._____B______ divides the cerebrum into right and left halves or hemisphere.
A. Brain stem
B. Longitudial fissure
C. Corpus callosum
D. Basal ganglia
33.The cerebellum is the second largest part of the human brain. It lies under the
____A_________ lobe of cerebrum.
A. occipital
B. temporal
C. parietal
D. frontal
34.Which of the following roots means blood vessel? B
A. ganglio-
B. vaso-
C. encephalo-
D. thalamo-
35.A patient with a tumor of the ________B_______ frequently loses his balance and topples
over.
A. cerebrum
B. cerebellum
C. diencephalon
D. brain stem
36.By placing blood into a special tube called a Winthrobe tube and adding an ____D_______,
the formed elements will settle to the bottom of the tube after a while.
A. antigen
B. antibody
C. antibiotic
D. anticoagulant
37.The time that it takes for the formed elements to settle is called the ______B_______ rate.
A. deoxygenation
B. sedimentation
C. degeneration
D. coagulation
38.When the blood in a special tube is placed into a centrifuge, the _______A______, which is
the volume of formed elements, especially erythrocytes, can be obtained.
A. hematocrit
B. hemacytometer
C. hemoglobin
D. hemosiderin
39.A ______B_____ is used to count the number of erythrocytes in a cubic millimeter of blood.
A. hemorrhage
B. hemacytometer
C. hemophobia
D. hemolysis
40.____A________, the pigment of erythgrocytes, is capable of carrying oxygen or carbon
dioxide. For this reason, it is called a respiratory pigment.
A. Hemoglobin
B. Erythropoitin
C. Bilirubin
D. Prothrombin
41.Sometimes the osmotic relationship between the plasma and formed elements can become
unbalanced. If the plasma becomes hypotonic, hemoglobin mixes with the water that has diffused into cells from the surrounding plasma, causing ____A________.
A. hemolysis
B. hemostasis
C. hemopoiesis
D. hemoptysis
42.______A________, the sealing of a wound by a blood clot, is accomplished by conversion of
prothrombin to thrombin and fibrinogen to fibrin.
A. coagulation
B. infiltration
C. immunization
D. constriction
43.The most common methods for controlling a hemorrhage are the following except
____D_______.
A. ligation or tying them
B. clamping them with hemostats
C. applying tourniquets
D. transfusion
44.What does the suffix –poiesis mean as in the words erythropoiesis and hemopoiesis ? C
A. contribution
B. absorption
C. production
D. filtration
45.Some of the neurons in the ______A_________ function as endocrine glands.
A. hypothalamus
B. cerebra cortex
C. meninges
D. pons
46.Hormones are the main regulators of metabolism, growth and development, reproduction, and
many other body activities. They play important roles in maintaining
______A________--fluid and electrolyte, acid-base, and energy balances.
A. homeostasis
B. hemostasis
C. hemoptysis
D. hemorrhag
47.The ______A________ lies buried deep in the cranial cavity, in the small depression of
sphenoid bone that is shaped like a saddle and called the sella turcica.
A. pituitary gland
B. adrenal gland
C. salivary gland
D. parotid gland
48.Which of the hormones is not secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? D
A. thyroid-stimulating hormone.
B. adrenocorticotropic hormone
C. follicle-stimulating hormone
D. antidiuretic hormone
49.The antidiuretic hormone acts to decrease urine volume. Hyposecretion of ADH results in
_______A______.
A. diabetes
B. hypothyroidism
C. neuroasthenia
D. coprostasis
50.Individuals who suffer from hyperthyroidsim may have the following symptoms except
_____D_____.
A. nervous irritability
B. weight loss
C. increased appetite
D. arteriorrhexis
51.The root which means gallbladder is ____A____.
A.cholecyst/o
B.celi/o
C. pharyng/o
D. rect/o
27. Food is broken down both physically and chemically in the process called____C__.
A. deglutition
B. hemolysis
C. digestion
D. ingestion
28. The series of muscle contrations occuring with the process by which food mass is carried along the esophagus are called____B______.
A. necrosis
B. peristalses
C. glycogenesis
D. protrusion
29. An amazing number of activities occur in the duodenum of the small intestine except for_____C_____.
A. peristaltic waves churn the chyme
B. secretions from the liver, gallbladder are mixed with the chyme
C. the synthesis of fibrinogen and prothrombin and protein.
D. chyme is reduced further
30. Besides containing taste receptors, the tongue ____C_______ the food so that it can be chewed and swallowed.
A. lubricates
B. moistens
C. aligns
D. distributes
31. The urine flows from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, from which it is _____B__ via the urethra.
A. diminished
B. eliminated
C. convoluted
D. penetrated
32. Each renal corpuscle contains a compact tuft of interconnected _____B_____ called the glomerulus.
A. venules
B. capillary loops
C. arteries
D. Bwman’s capsules
33. The renal tubules is _______B__________ Bowman’s capsule.
A. proximal to
B. contiguous with
C. enclosed in
D. lined with
34. Excretion is one of the most important functions of the kindeys. Which of the following can not be excreted in the urine by the kidneys in normal cases? C
A. urea
B. drugs
C.pesticides
D.renin
35. The movements of substances from the renal tubules to the surrounding tubules is termed____A_____.
A. reabsorption
B.secretion
C. excretion
D. filtration
36. The graphic recording of electrical changes during heart activity is called an ______D____
A. aortogram
B.electrocardiograph
C. angiography
D.electrocardiogram
37. Located between the atrium and ventricle in each half of the heart are the___B_______, which permit blood to flow from the artrium to ventricule but not in the opposite direction.
A. aortic valves
B. A V valves
C.venous valves
D.pulmonary trunk
38. Which of the following is true about pulse? D
A. It is a pressure wave created by the expansion and recoil of elastic arteries during each cardiac cycle.
B. The pulse provides an easy way to count the deflection waves
C. Y ou can feel the pulse by applying firm pressure on any artery lying deep in the body.
D. There are only three pressure points in the body including radial artery, popliteal artery,
dorsalis pedis artery.
39. Since the blood pressure in the veins is very low, they rely on other methods of propulsion in order to return the blood to the heart, which includes skeletal contraction, gravity and ___C_______activity.
A.stimulating
B. reflex
C.respiratory
D.conducting
40. The myocardium has its own blood supply provided by the____C_____ which are branches of the aorta.
A. venules
B. arterioles
C. coronary arteries
D.sinoatrial node
The root which means cartilage is ___C_____:
A arthro B.carpo C.condro D.sterno
What of the following roots does concern with skeletal system? D
A.costo-
B.osteo-
C.femoro-
D.vaso-
_____C_____ is a protective membrane that covers the brain.
A.peritoneum
B.sternum
C. meninges
D.equilibrium
Ionizing radiation, necrosis , or mechanical ____D_____ may induce the inflammation.
A.constriction
B.symptom
C.thrombin
D.trauma
Which of the following roots mens engulf or eat? A
A.phago-
B.globulo-
C.glyco-
D.hepato-
which of the following glands or organs doesn't belong to digestive system? D
A. pharynx
B.duodenum
C.pancreas
rynx。