2012法语专业八级考试真题
2002-2012专八翻译真题及参考答案
2002年E-C：The word “winner” and “loser” have many meanings. When they refer to a person as a w inner, we do not mean one who makes some else lose. To us, a winner is one who responds auth entically by being credible, trustworthy, responsive, and genien, both as an individual and as a member of a society.Winners do not decide their lives to a concept of what they imagine they should be; rath er, they are themselves and so much do not use their energy putting on a performance, mainta ining pretence(伪装) and manipulating(操纵) others. They are aware that there is a differenc e between being loving and acting loving, between being stupid and acting stupid, between be ing knowledgeable and acting knowledgeable. Winners do not need to hide behind a mask.参考译文：胜者不会穷其毕生精力，去拘泥于某个他们所想象的为人之道;相反，他们会保持其真我本色，并且，作为这种追求真我的仁者，他们不会绞尽脑汁装腔作势，维持一种自命不凡的姿态，或去操纵他人。
2010~2011年法语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2011年法语专业八级真题及详解PARTIE ⅠDictée (10 points)Dans cette partie, vous entendrez un texte ayant 20 trous (chaque trou représente un mot ou une expression). Le texte sera lu deux fois (commencement sera signalé par un bip sonore). Complétez le texte selon l’enregistrement.Maintenant, vous avez deux minutes pour lire le texte. Et après la dictée, vous aurez deux minutes pour relire votre texte.Maintenant, écoutez le texte.Les voleurs surveillés par des hélicoptèresLes voleurs de métaux vont (1) _____ être traqués depuis le ciel. Le directeur général de la (2) _____ nationale, et le directeur de la (3) _____ à la SNCF, s’apprêtent à signer une (4) _____visant à surveiller l’ensemble du (5) _____ ferré grâce à des (6) _____ d’hélicoptères. Des le début de 2011, les 56 (7) _____ vont pouvoir survoler les rails (8) _____ détecter toute (9) _____ suspecte de prédateurs sur (10) _____ et à leurs abords (11) _____.Nos engins, qui volent à une vitesse d’environ 200 (12) _____, (13) _____ l’avantage de balayer un grand périmètre en un temps record, explique le (14) _____ Patrice Bar. Un puissant phare de recherche permet d’éclairer la (15) _____ d’un stade de football a une (16) _____ de 300 mètres et une caméra thermique (17) _____ d’un zoom permettra d’analyser les images au cours de la (18) _____. Grâce aux (19) _____ rondes héliportées, les (20) _____ pourront déceler tout mouvementinhabituel d’inconnus.1. _____【答案】désormais【解析】désormais表示“从今以后”，在这里作时间状语。
专八改错（2000年-2012年）真题及答案
2012年专八真题改错部分年专八真题改错部分The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writers favored certain ki nd of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______ the manner. This is the often revolutionary slogan of writers who (4) _______ wanted the truth to be read and understood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) _______ century, when the study of cultural anthropology suggested that the linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _______ was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _______ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must be as (8) _______ literal as possible. This view culminated the statement of the (9) _______ extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin and Vladimir Nobokov.The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translation, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified with each other. Now, the context has changed, and the basic problem remains. (10) _____ 1．going ∧ since －加入on 题解：go on 的意思是“继续”，符合句子表达的含义“争论一直在继续”。
2012浙江工商大学研究生入法语真题
浙江工商大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试卷（A）卷招生专业：外国语言学及应用语言学、英语语言文学考试科目：256法语总分：100分考试时间：3小时注意：请考生将答案写在答题纸上，写在本试卷上无效。
I. Structure grammaticale et vocabulaire (35 points):1. Il fait beau aujourd’hui, i l n’y a pas _____ nuage.A. unB. leC. deD. une2. Il y a en Chine de nombreux fleuves, _____ le Y angtsé, le Fleuve Jaune, etc.A. tel queB. telle queC. tels queD. telles que3. Je vais vous faire visiter l’université _______ je faisais mes études.A. oùB. queC. quiD. quand4. Je préfère qu’on ______ le taxi.A. prendB. prendsC. prendreD. prenne5. C’est bientôt son anniversaire, qu’est-ce qu’on pourrait _______ apporter ?A. leB. l’C. luiD. en6. Ils aident cette femme ______ ils ne la connaissent pas du tout.A. bien qu’B. puisqu’C. sans qu’D. à condition qu’7. Ils s’intéressent beaucoup ______ la musique.A. pourB. àC. deD. avec8. J’avais l’habitude de me promener le long ____ la Seine après le dîner.A. àB. surC. deD. dans9. Je n’aime pas ____ pain, je veux prendre ____ riz.A. le, duB. de, duC. du, leD. de, le10. Notre ami étranger va nous apprendre ____ chanter en anglais demain.A. deB. pourC. /D. à11. Où sont les voyageurs venus _____ France？A. de laB. deC. duD. au12. Aujourd’hui, je vais à l’école ______ pied.A. deB. pourC. àD. en13. Votre appartement est plus petit que _____.A. le notreB. le nôtreC. le votreD. le vôtre14. C’es t la ____ étudiante de notre classe.A. bonB. mieuxC. meilleurD. meilleure15. Maintenant on peut acheter des pommes en _____ saison.A. toutB. tousC. touteD. toutes16. Benoît nous a réservé une chambre dans _____ hôtel.A. ceB. cetteC. cesD. cet17. Tes _____ sont vraiment trop longs. Il te faut aller chez le coiffeur !A. cheveuxB. chevauxC. cheveuD. cheval18. – Tu aimes faire _____ sport ?– Oui, je joue _____ tennis.A. du ; duB. le ; duC. du ; auD. le ; au19. Nous _____ le français depuis plus de cinq ans.A. apprendB. apprendsC. apprenonsD. apprennent20. Il est _____ faible pour continuer son travail.A. tropB. siC. tantD. tellement21. – Est-ce que vous pensez à vos parents ?– Oui, _____.A. je leur pense souvent.B. je pense souvent à ils.C. je pense souvent à eux.D. je les pense souvent.22. J’ai beaucoup de livres ; mais vous en avez encore _____ que moi.A. autantB. mieuxC. plusD. moins23. _____ on a soif, on veut boire un peu d’eau.A. À cause deB. CommeC. Parce queD. Car24. Racontez-nous quelque chose _____ intéressant !A. d’B. deC. àD. pour25. C’est un écrivain peu célèbre _____ j’ai oublié le nom.A. dontB. queC. quiD. celui26. Hier soir, j’ai dîné avec un _____ ami.A. vieilB. vieuxC. ancienD. ancienne27. _____ retard de Pierre, j’ai manqué l’avion.A. Malgré leB. Grâce auC. Parce queD. À cause du28. Pardon monsieur, je _____ envoyer un télégramme pour l’Espagne, qu’est-ce que je doisfaire ?A. veuxB. voulaisC. voudraisD. voudrai29. J’aimerais savoir _____ s’est passé dans votre chambre cette nuit.A. quiB. ce quiC. queD. ce que30. Où étiez-vous pendant qu’il _____ ?A. a travailléB. travaillaC. travailleD. travaillait31. Eric a acheté une baguette et deux croissants _____ boulanger.A. auB. dans leC. chez leD. en32. V ous devez faire passer votre billet dans la machine à composter _____ dans le train.A. avant que vous montezB. avant que vous montiezC. avant d’être montéD. avant de monter33. Le Directeur veut que nous _____ tous présents à la soirée de demain.A. serionsB. seronsC. étionsD. soyons34. Ah, Michel, _____ voilà, le professeur t’attend à son bureau.A. tuB. vousC. toiD. te35. Nous cherchons un interprète qui _____ parler couramment deux langues étrangères.A. peutB. puisseC. pourraD. pourraitII. Compréhension écrite (20 points):Texte 1 Les sciencesParmi les sciences qui se sont développées depuis le début du vingtième siècle, certaines jouent un rôle essentiel dans toutes les activités de notre vie quotidienne. Il est difficile d’imaginer ce qui se produirait sur la terre si on supprimait tout d’un coup la moitié des machines qui ont étéinventées depuis cinquante ans. Grâce aux applications de la recherche scientifique, elles sont devenues capables de réaliser presque tout ce que font les hommes, beaucoup plus rapidement et souvent mieux qu’eux, et parfois de les remplacer.Les découvertes de la physique et de la ch imie ont transformé notre civilisation. L’électricité a complètement changé notre vie. Quant à l’électronique, elle apporte des solutions à la plupart des problèmes que nous rencontrons dans tous les domaines. Que ce soit dans l’industrie ou la médecine, les télécommunications ou l’enseignement, les transports ou le commerce, et même dans la musique, l’électronique a apporté au cerveau humain une aide précieuse pour organiser son travail et ses loisirs.36. « essentiel » signifie ici :A. importantB. secondaireC. quelconqueD. quelque37. «tout d’un coup » signifie :A. progressivementB. totalementC. subitementD. tout de suite38. « elles » remplace ici :A. toutes les activités de notre vie quotidienneB. les machinesC. les télécommunicationsD. les applications de la recherche scientifique39. « apporter des solutions à » veut dire :A. déciderB. transformerC. résoudreD. demander40. D’après le texte, parmi les sciences qui se sont développées depuis le début du vingtième siècle, laquelle est la plus remarquable ?A. la chimieB. le transportC. la médecineD. l’électroniqueTexte 2Famille, je vous aimeLa célèbre formule de Gide « Famille, je vous hais » a tendance à être remplacée aujourd’hui par « Famille, je vous aime ».Il fait bon vivre en famille puisque les jeunes quittent leur famille de plus en plus tard, parfois à 25 ans. Les jeunes pensent que les parents respectent leur vie personnelle, qu’ils les aident dans leurs études et qu’ils peuvent communiquer avec eux facilemen t.Avant quinze ans, les jeunes se sentent un peu étouffés, ils aimeraient être plus autonomes. Mais les parents veulent fournir à leurs enfants une protection contre l’environnement souvent agressif.Après 16 ans, l’âge difficile de l’adolescence, le dial ogue parents-enfants n’est plus aussi facile. On s’oppose assez souvent sur des problèmes matériels.Mais on s’entend (相处) bien quand même, les conceptions de la vie ne sont pas opposées et il est si pratique d’habiter chez ses parents plutôt que de payer un loyer. Quant aux parents, même s’ils trouvent souvent le réfrigérateur vide, ils ne sont pas mécontents d’avoir l’affection des enfants.41. Dans la phrase «la célèbre formule de Gide ‘Famille, je vous hais’» …, « formule » signifieici __________.A. solutionB. formationC. expressionD. programme42. Généralement, les jeunes quittent leur famille __________.A. avant 25 ansB. moins de 15 ansC. à l’âge de 25 ansD. à partir de 25 ans43. Dans la phrase « il fait bon vivre en famille », « il fait bon » signifie __________.A. il fait chaudB. il est utile deC. il fait un temps magnifiqueD. il est agréable de44. «L’âge difficile de l’adolescence », signifie __________.A. l’âge où les jeunes n’étudient plusB. l’âge où les jeunes ne rentr ent plus à la maisonC. l’âge où les jeunes se disputent plus souventD. l’âge où les jeunes ne veulent plus écouter leurs parents comme autrefois45. Pourquoi les jeunes se sentent un peu étouffés chez leurs parents ?A. Parce que les parents ne sont pas affectueux.B. Parce que les parents s’occupent trop d’eux.C. Parce qu’ils doivent payer un loyer.D. Parce que l’environnement est agressif.III. Traduisez les phrases suivantes en chinois (15 points) :46. Demain, c’est ton anniversaire, je te ferai une grande surprise.47. Quand on apprend une langue étrangère, il faut faire beaucoup d’exercices oraux, il ne suffit pas de faire seulement des exercices écrits.48. L’arrivée du Livre de Poche a été une véritable révolution culturelle dans les années 1950.49. En peu de temps tous les gens qui ne pouvaient s’acheter de livres parce qu’ils étaient trop chers ont pu enfin en acheter à faible prix.50. Les grands éditeurs français ont tout de suite lancé des collections avec un tirage important. IV. Traduisez les phrases suivantes en français (15 points) :51. 小时候，我和我父母一起住在一个小村子里。
2012年英语专业八级考试真题 中译英
2012年英语专业八级考试真题中译英In recent years, the English Proficiency Test for English Majors (TEM-8) has become an important benchmark for measuring the English language proficiency of Chinese students majoring in English. The test is designed to assess students' listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. This document aims to provide an analysis of the 2012 TEM-8 exam and offer insights into the challenges faced by test-takers.The listening section of the 2012 TEM-8 exam consisted of three parts: short conversations, news reports, and academic lectures. Test-takers were required to listen carefully and answer multiple-choice questions based on the recordings. The difficulty level of the listening section was moderate, with some challenging vocabulary and complex sentence structures. It tested students' ability to comprehend spoken English in various contexts.The reading section of the exam included passages from newspapers, magazines, and academic journals. Test-takers had to read the passages and answer multiple-choice questions, fill in the blanks, and complete summaries. The reading materials covered a wide range of topics, such as politics, culture, science, and technology. The questions were designed to assess students' reading comprehension skills and their ability to infer information from the texts. The difficulty level of the reading section was relatively high, requiring test-takers to have a good command of vocabulary and strong reading skills.The writing section of the 2012 TEM-8 exam consisted of two tasks: an essay and a letter or report. Test-takers were given a choice of topics for the essay and had to write a coherent and well-structured piece of writing within a specified time limit. The letter or report task required test-takers to write a formal letter or a report based on a given situation. The writing section assessed students' ability to express their ideas clearly and concisely, use appropriate vocabulary and grammar, and organize their writing effectively.The translation section of the exam tested test-takers' ability to translate from Chinese to English and from English to Chinese. The Chinese-to-English translation taskrequired test-takers to translate a passage from Chinese into English, while the English-to-Chinese translation task required them to translate a passage from English into Chinese. The translation section assessed students' language proficiency, including their understanding of idiomatic expressions, grammar, and vocabulary in both languages.Overall, the 2012 TEM-8 exam posed significant challenges for test-takers. The listening section required them to have good listening skills and the ability to understand English spoken at a native-like speed. The reading section tested their reading comprehension abilities and their knowledge of various topics. The writing section assessed their ability to express their ideas effectively in written English. The translation section evaluated their language proficiency in both Chinese and English.To succeed in the TEM-8 exam, test-takers need to develop a comprehensive understanding of the English language and improve their listening, reading, writing, and translation skills. They should practice listening to English recordings, reading a variety of English texts, writing essays and reports, and translating between Chinese and English. By doing so, test-takers can enhance their language proficiency and increase their chances of achieving a high score in the TEM-8 exam.In conclusion, the 2012 TEM-8 exam was a comprehensive assessment of English language proficiency for Chinese students majoring in English. It tested their listening, reading, writing, and translation skills, and posed significant challenges. To succeed in the exam, test-takers need to develop a strong command of the English language and practice extensively in all tested areas. With dedication and effort, they can improve their language skills and achieve success in the TEM-8 exam.。
2012专八TEM8真题答案(附阅读翻译真题出处)
2012专业八级真题答案PART ONE LISTENING COMPREHENSIONMini-lecture1: rarely formal records2: systematic objective manner3: variable4: situation sampling5: vary6: advantage7: as it occurs8: have more control9: in natural setting10: methodInterview1: creative people focus on novel thinking rather than solution2: comes from both environmental and genetic makeup3: two4: critical5: the environment is significant in the creative processNews broadcast6: a problem in the cooling system was solved7: the Philippines8: to expose cases of child abuse and punishment9: 4 percent10: 2PART TWO READING COMPREHENSIONText A11、C worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purpose12、A he made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way13、A how I could contribute to water conservation14、B his clothes used even more virtual water15、A exaggeration16、D humorous文章来源：《洛杉矶时报》/2010/mar/13/home/la-hm-realist-20100313Text B17、C found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.18、A US class reunions are usually occ asions to show off one’s recent success.19、D shared undergraduate experience on campus20、D bring into focus contrasting opinions21、A reasons for popularity and (not)attendance for alumni reunions文章来源：书籍：《Sociological Snapshots 5》/books ... ;dq=%E2%80%9C+JaffeTEXT C22. A. showed a wide interest.23. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.24. A. remained the same as usual.25. C. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.文章来源："A Summer's Reading" by Bernard Malamud/grade-11-u/literature/a-summer-s-readingTEXT D26. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen27. respect for great people and their influence28. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln29. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes30. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time文章来源《Political News: Abraham Lincoln turns 200》2009/02/04https:///2009_02_04_archive.htmlPART THREE GENERAL KNOWLEDGE、31: new Zealand32: state33: July 4th34: the Arctic Ocean35: T.S.Eliot36: William Faulkner37: personification38: sequential rule39: Disco40: registerPART FOUR PROOF-READING AND ERROR CORRECTION1. going 后加on2. certain 改成some3. rather 后加than4. is 改为was5. in 改为at6. 去掉the7. view 后加that8. 删掉was9. statement 改为statements10.and 改为butPART FIVE TRANSLATION汉译英：Her heart full of pain, between eyebrows burning, chest stifled, a stream of gas surged from her stomach out of her throat. The dean remarked that the child grew laggardly, which made her even more worried and lost. She walked up and down in the house, which had only one window. Beyond the window, the shadows of trees confused. There were also other children in the house. Just leave the child here. It had benevolent priests and sisters and would develop into a nursing center with medical function. This was the best place for this child, who was her secret and she would stash this secret into the building among thick forests.文章出处：台湾作家蔡素芬《烛光盛宴》英译汉：然而上述政策反而引发了更多的校园暴力。
2012专八真题及答案
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MINPART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A. Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination. ---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: humans’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer thequestions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm watercascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and,oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like my friend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; others enjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricularactivities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century,most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctantto get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first page to the last, then wentup to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library onceand now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for onesummer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone downthe street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: Themomentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age couldconjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them,Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. Variety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north by。
2009年全国高等学校法语专业八级考试真题
2009年全国高等学校法语专业八级考试真题一、PARTIE II Compréhension orale (10 points) (总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Que veut Jacques Dupont?A.Il veut qu'on lui explique tout de suite cette histoire.B.Il veut qu'on le respecte et qu'on voie tout ?a tout de suite.C.Il veut qu'on lui explique tout à l'heure cette histoire.2.On trouvera s?rement une chambre, il ne faut pasA.désespérer.B.se dégonfler.C.s'inquiéter.3.Que veut dire Lucien? A.A.Il y a des nuages, ?a tombe mal.B.Il y a des nuages, ?a tombe bien.C.Il y a des nuages, j'en suis s?r.4.L'interlocuteu?? d'Alice fait beaucoup de promesses·A.que conna?t Alice.B.qu'il ne tient pas.C.qu'il tient bien.5.QueUe attitude prend l'entreprise où travaille Monsieur Duval à l'égard de sadécision?A.Elle la regrette et se voit obligée d'y consentir.B.Elle s'en félicite.C.Elle en est mécontente.6.De quel régime s'agit-il ?A.Du régime politique.B.Du régime alimentaire.C.Du régime d'entra?nement sportif.7.Il y a trois ou quatre ans, les gens du petit bourgA.avaient gagné·beaucoup d'argent.B.n'avaient pas gagné tant d'argent.C.n'avaient j amai s· gagné tant d'argent8.Jacqueline ne pourrait pasA.tenir cette promesse .B.grimper la montagne toutes les semaines.C.faire du sport toutes les semaines.9.On pique-niquera près de la rivière pour y mettre des bouteillesA.de vin.B.d'eau fra?che.C.d'eau minérale.10.Qu'est-ce que Fran?ois espère?A.Acheter des lièvres au chasseur.B.Acheter des lièvres huit euros la pièce.C.Tuer des lièvres avec leurs fusils二、Section B (5 points) (总题数：10，分数：10.00)11.De quoi parle-t-on dans ce texte?A.Du progrès de 1 'Humanité.B.Des étapes de la civilisation humaine.C.De l'évolution du monde.12.Où en sommes-nous aujourd'hui?A.A l' époque moderne.B.A la troisième étape.C.A la quatrième étape.13.A l'age de pierre, la.survie n 'était assuréeA.que grace à la force collective.B.que par la pêche et la cueillette.C.qu'avec des outils de pierre. civilisation agricole a duréA.100 000 ans.B.·10 000 ans.C.un million d'années. révolution industrielle a eu lieuA.en Bretagne.B.en Europe.C.en Angleterre. première époque moderne de l'Humanité débuteA.aux premières années du XVIIIe siècle.B.à la fin du XVIIIe siècle.C.au XIXe siècle.17.Les outils en fer ont fait leur apparitionA.il y a plus de 10 000 ans.B.dans la société primitive.C.avec la révolution industrielle.18.Aux yeux de l'auteur, la civilisation agricole estA.verte.B.jaune.C.noire.19.Des crises écologiques prouvent que notre planète ne pourra pas supporter àlong termeA.un développement durable.B.le développement de l'industrialisation.C.un développement industriel extrême20.Si l'humanité veut survivre, il fautA.respecter l'environnement.B.souligner l'importance des lois.C.augmenter la capacité de l'homme à ma?triserl a nature.三、PARTIE III Vocabulaire et grammaire (20 points) (总题数：10，分数：10.00)21.Autrefois, au Sri Lanka, les éléphants et les hommes vivaient en paix. Aujourd'hui,le territoire des éléphants s'est réduit comme peau de chagrin et les champs de rizdeviennent le théatre d'affrontements entre eux et les fermiers .me la tristesseB.rapidementC.régulièrementD.à néant22.Nadir, ce fils d'ouvrier algérien, est devenu à 35 ans le premier gosse des citésfran?aises à gravir le Toit du monde. C'est un hommage à Saint-Denis où il vittoujours avec ses parents et à ses potes d'enfance, dont la plupart continuent defiler un mauvais coton.A.vivre dans la misèreB.travailler péniblementC.se trouver dans une situation difficileD.travailler dans une filature23.Les temps sont durs pour les producteurs chinois de télephones portables, prisentre la concurrence des grands groupes mondiaux et un tassement du marchéA.un élargissement du marchéB.une augmentation du co?t de revientC.des difficultés de conclure un marchéD.une diminution du marché24.Li Quanhai, vice-président de l'association chinoise du nautisme, s'attend à uneexplosion du marchéà l'instar de celui du golf.A.à l'exemple deB.conformément àC.contrairement àD.après25.Atteinte d'une cataracte congénitale, Ping Yali est malvoyante depuis sa naissance.A.est mal vueB.est aveugleC.a une mauvaise vueD.a une courte vue26.Pour chaque star en herbe, la route vers le studio est longue. Première difficulté:franchir la sélection drastique. Une fois sélectionné, il faut encore jouer descoudes pour exister.A.travailler avec autruiB.jouer c?te à c?te avec ses copainsC.faire son chemin sans souci d' autruiD.travailler dur27.Je n'accepterai pas cette condition, d'autant qu'elle est inutile.A.elle est si inutile.B.parce qu'elle est inutileC.parce qu'elle est si inutile.D.elle est d'autant plus inutile28.Le film nous montre des collégiens qui disent ? foutre? à toutes les phrases etposent sur les adultes un oeil circonspect .A.irrespectueuxB.respectueuxC.peu admiratifD.prudent rivière se trouve grossie par suite de la pluie battante.A.en conséquence deB.tout de suite aprèsC.aprèsD.à la fin de30.Irène Némirovsky, depuis le succès de sa Suite fran?aise, vendu à 1 , 3 milliond'exemplaires dans le monde, est devenue star outre-Atlantique.A.en EuropeB.en FranceC.aux Etats-UnisD.En Angleterre四、Section B (10 points) (总题数：1，分数：10.00)Le Concorde, avion long-courrier supersonique de transport civil, réalisé encommun par les industries 1 britannique et fran?aise, a pris sa retraite en 2003,après plus d'un quart de si ècle 2 serVlce. Le 25 juillet 2000, à16h42, le Concorde d'Air France àdestination de New Yorks'écrase à Gonesse, en banlieue parisienne, une minute après son décollage del'aéroport Charles-de-Gaulle. Bilan: 113 morts. Le Bureau d'Enquêtes et d'Analysespour la Sécurité del'Aviation civle révèle rapidement les causes de l'accident: unelamelle métallique tombée d'un DC-lO qui venait de 3 . Tout s'est jouéenquelques 4 de secondes. Lancéàpleine vitesse, le Concorde a roulé 5cette lamelle qui a crevé un pneu. L'explosion du pneu a perforé un réservoir qui alib éré le kérosène. Quand celui-ci s'est enflammé, le crash était dès lors 6Près de huit ans apr ès les faits, en interrogeant des experts et d'anciens 7 dusupersonique, Bernard Vaillot a r éalisé un documentaire intitulé Concorde, la chuted'un géant. - On y apprend, entre autres, que le bel oiseau blanc présentait desfaiblesses au niveau des pneus. Un talon d'Achille connu 8 la conception del'avion, mais qui aurait été dissimulé pour des raisons d'image et de réputatio... Autotal, 70 explosions de pneumatiques ont été9 en vingt-quatre annéesd'exploitation. Cette enqu ête remarquable, reconstitution en 3D 10 , donne uneversion haletante du crash de Gonesse.A.aériennesB.aéronautiquesC.aérospatialesD.aérodynamiquesA.enB.àmeD.pourA.volerB.s'envolerC.partirD.décollerlelièmeslierslesA.au-dessus deB.sousC.surD.versA.inévitableB.évitableC.évitéD.s?rA.conducteursB.mécaniciensC.pilotesmandantsA.avantB.aprèsC.depuisD.dèsA.calculéesB.recenséesC.censéesptabiliséesA.de plusB.en plusC.d'ailleursD.à l'appui五、PARTIE IV Version (15 points)(总题数：1，分数：12.50)31.Le cri de la momie Olivier est sans conteste un documentariste passionné de la Chine. Apr ès LesChinois de Paris, Un amour à Pékin et son film sur un poète-agriculteur chinois, levoil à lancé sur la trace de cinq momies retrouvées au Taklamakan. Ce désert étaitautrefois jalonn éde multiples oasis qui servaient d'escales aux caravaniers sur laroute de la Soie. L'évolution géologique a vu les cours d'eau s'enfoncer dans les sables, et la viedispara?tre. Dans cette immense étendue de sable, une équipe d'archéologuesfranco-chinois travaillent depuis plus de dix ans. Leurs permières fouilles ont mis aujour des cités attestant la sédentarité et la parfaite organisation des populations d'alorsqui savaient irriguer les sols, cultiver la terre, filer, tisser, broder et teindre. Demagnifiques peintures de Boudha ont été retrouvées ainsi que cinq momies en parfait létat bien que non embaumées. L'une d'elles ? a la bouche ouverte dans une grimacede douleur ?. Ou était-ce un cri? Cri tragique d'un homme qui, voici 2500 ans, futpeut-être supplicié dans ce qui est devenu une immensité de silence.（分数：12.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 六、PARTIE V Thème (15 points)(总题数：5，分数：12.50)（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________（分数：2.50）__________________________________________________________________________________________七、PARTIE VI COMPRéHENSION éCRITE (20 points) (总题数：4，分数：20.00)1. Insecticides volants Elle fait peur. On l'accuse de s'attaquer aux chevelures ou d'être une envoyée dudiable. Et pourtant, cette étrange bestiole mérite notre recOlmaissance.Lachauve-souris présente une importance écologique capitale: c'est le plus puissantinsecticide naturel connu. On évalue à 30 millions de tonnes la consommation enmoustiques - en moins de sixmois et uniquement en Europe. - de ces bêtesmystérieuses qu'Aristote lui-même n'arrivait pas àclasser et dont la facultéd'hibernation représente toujours une énigme. L'entrée en léthargie se fait progressivement, dès .l es premiers fro. ids. Le coeurbat plus lentement et passe de 800 à 10 battements par minute. La température de leurcorps s'abaisse de,40 à 0° C tandis qu'une heure peut s'écouler entre deux respirations.Regroupées en essaims pour se tenir chaud, elles passent ainsi l'hiver, accrochées parleurs griffes aux parois des caves, des chais à vin, sous les tuiles des granges, les pontsroutiers ou ferroviaires, parfois dans les clochers ou derri ère les orgues des églisesLes chauves-souris ne méritent pas leur réputation sulfureuse, Conscients de leurvaleur, les paysans les appellent des jolies noms. Pourtant, avec les pesticides, leurnombre a fortement diminué. Il est indispensable de les préserver car elles contribuentgrandement à la pollinisation des plantes. En France, toutes les espèces de cemammif ère sont protégées.(1).Qu'entend-on ici par insecticides volants?A.Insecticides qui volent.B.Insecticides qui se répandent.C.Chauves-souris.D.Ce qui détruit les insectes.(2).L'auteur dit que les chauves-souris ne méritent pas leur réputation sulfureuse ,A.parce qu'elles font peur.B.parce qu'elles nous sont très utiles.C.parce qu'elles s'attaquent aux chevelures.D.parce que leur nombre a fortement diminué.(3).Qui est Aristote ?A.Un philosophe grec.B.Un philisophe fran?ais.C.Un naturaliste grec.D.Un botaniste fran?ais(4).La chauve-souris estA.un insecteB.une bête sauvage.C.un oiseau.D.Un mammifère.(5).Parmi les quatre affirmations, laquelle est vraie?A.Les chauves-souris passent l'hiver dans la solitude.B.Elles sont plus animées en hiver qu'en d'autres saisons.C.Elles sont moins animées en hiver qu'en d'autres saisons.D.Leur faculté d'hibernation n'est plus urie énigme pour nous.élèves de primaire reprendront le chemin de l'école, lemardi 2 septembre, pour une année qui, cette fois, se découpera en semaines de quatrejours seulement (lundi, mardi, jeudi, vendredi). Jusqu'alors, un peu plus de 20% desétablissements de premier degré exp érimentaient ce rythme. Conformément à ladécision du ministre de l'Education nationale, Xavier Dacros, largement soutenu, etmême poussé par Nicolas Sarkozy, c'est désormais l'ensemble des quelque 55 700écoles fran?aises s'y plieront. L'initiative a étébien accueillie par les parents. La perspective de profiter deweek-ends complets, plus en phase avec nos modes de vie actuels, a de quoiséduire. Les enseignants aussi se frottent les mains, car, le samedi, en maternellenotamment, il arrivait aux professeurs de sécher leurs propres cours et d'organlser des? tours de garde? entre collègues afin d'accueillir des élèves deux ou trois fois moinsnombreux. Les professionnels du tourisme qui jouent un r?le important dansl'organisation des calendriersscolaires se félicitent également. Oui, tout le monde aintérêt à la fin de J'école le samedi, sauf peut-être les élèves .. , Les écoliers fran?ais travaillent plus que leurs voisins europ éens: 936 heures de cours par an, contre une moyenne européenne ?1"férieure à 800. Mais leurapprentissage est aussi plus concentré: 140 j ours annuels, contre 188 pour lesFinlandais. Cette organisation plus dense est aussi plus fatigante. Concentrerl'apprentissage sur quatre jours va accentuer le phénomène. Jack Lang, ancienministre de l'Education nationale, juged'ailleurs cette mesure discriminatoire, car lesactivités périscolaires ne seront jamais les m êmes d'une famille à l'autre.(1).Qu'est-ce qu'il y a de neuf pour la rentrée 2008 ?A.Plus de 6,5 millions d'élèves de primaire reprendront le chemin de l'école.B.Ces élèves iront à l'école quatre jours par semaine.C.Les établissements de premier degré expérimenteront le nouveau rythme.D.Les professionnels du tourisme joueront un r?le important dans l'organisationdes calendriers scolaires.(2).Qui n'approuve pas la décision du ministre Xavier Dacros?A.Le président de la République.B.Les parents.C.Jack Lang.D.Les enseignants.(3).Dans ? La perspective de profiter de week-ends complets, plus en phase avecnos modes de vie actuels ?, que signifie l'expression ? en phase avec? ?A.En harmonie avec.B.En conflit avec.C.A l'encontre de.D.En contradiction avec.(4).Selon l'auteur du texte, tout le monde a intérêt à la fin de l'école le sa,medi,sauf peut-être les élèves, parce que ces derniersA.auront plus de temps libre.B.travailleront moins.C.pounont faire la grasse matinée le samedi.D.auront des programmes scolaires encore plus lourds.(5).Parmi les quatre affirmations, relevez celle qui est fausse:A.L'absentéisme du samedi était grave, notamment en maternelle.B.Les professeurs séchaient parfois leurs cours pour profiter de week-endscomplets.C.Les écoliers fran?ais ont plus d'heures de cours que leurs voisins européens .D.L'un des mauvais effets de cette réorganisation du temps scolaire serad'accro?tre le foss é social et culturel entre les enfants.3. Potion magique Les Indiens Waraos savaient depuis longtemps que le delta de l'Orénoque, auVenezuela, regorge de pétrole. Ce qu'ils ne savaient pas, c'est que ce pétrole allaitdevenir la potion magique du renouveau économique vénézuélien. Des hommes sontun jour venus installer une station de pompage àquelques enjambées de leurs villages.On en tire aujourd'hui 5 000 barils de brut par jour. Le Venezuela est un exportateur atypique. Les pétrodollars semblents'yvolatiliser moins vite qu'ailleurs. Hugo Chavez a nationalisé les réserves du pays etson gouvernement a promis d'investir 7% des bénéfices de l'exploitation dans ledéveloppement social. D'autres hommes sont alors venus chez les Waraos. Deschargés de projet de la soci??té nationale vénézuélienne du pétrole. Ils ont apportél'électricité en installant des panneaux solaires, construit des écoles. Unemodernisation accueillie àbras ouverts, qui se di&tingue par sa modestie. Car le modede vie n'a pas vraiment changé dans ce delta L' Orénoque ne charrie pas que du ,p étrole. Son débit tumultueux entra?ne aveclui l'identitéprofonde du Venezuela, une identitéavanttout diverse. Indiens etEspagnols, montagnards andins et cow-boys des plaines, grands propri étaires terrienset petits paysans, tous vivent en même temps la mutation. La solitude etl'isolementne sont plus le lot qùotidien des montagnards. Le gouvernement leur permetaujourd'hui de communiquer entre eux en finan?ant un projet de radio communautaire.On ambitionne de hisser le téléphone, la télévision et l'internet sur les sommets dupays. Dans les plaines, en plus de la distribution des terres possédées par l'Etat, laréforme agraire tente de lancer le mouvement de réquisitions de parcelles privéesinexploitées.(1).L' Orénoque est le nomA.d' un delta.B.d'un fleuve.C.d'une plaine.D.d'une montagne.(2).Le Venezuela est un paysA.sud-américain.B.européen.C.nord-américain.tino-américain.(3).Les V énézuéliens du delta de l'Orénoque s'éclairentA.à l'énergie éolienne.B.à l'énergie électrique.C.à l'énergie solaire.D.à l'énergie hydraulique.(4).On dit que le pétrole va devenir la potion magique du renouveau économiquevénézuélien, parce que·A.le Venezuela est un exportateur atypique.B.les pétrodollars semblent s'y volatiliser moins vite qu'ailleurs.C.Hugo Chavez a nationalisé les réserves du pays . .D.le pétrole va donner un nouvel essor à l'économie du Venezuela(5).Parmi les quatre affirmations, laquelle n'est pas vraie?A.Tout le monde vit en même temps la mutation du pays.B.On assiste à une modernisation plut?t modeste dans ce delta.C.Le gouvernement vénézuélien apporte urie grande attention au développementsocial du pays.D.Les montagnards andins ont maintenant accès à l'internet.4. Matteo Ricci Mille cinq cent quatre-vingt-quinze. Voilàdéjàdouze années que le jésuite italien Matteo Ricci a quitté Macao pour venir s'installer dans la Chine intérieure. Né dansune petite ville de la c?te adriatique, il avait intégré la Compagnie de Jésus à l'.age dedix-huit ans. Au Collège romain, il avait étudié non seulement la théologie, mais aussila philosophie, y compris les grands classiques ? pa?ens ?, les mathématiques et lessciences naturelles. Ricci est un pur produit de la Renaissance italienne. Mais il adécidé de se faire chinois pour gagner la Chine au Christ. En douze ans, il a étudiénon seulement la langue, mais aussi les grands classiques de la pensée chinoise. Et dèsle début, pour mieux se plonger corps et ame dans cette culture étrangère, il a revêtu1 'habit des moines bouddhistes. C'est en cette année 1595 que Ricci décide de pénétrer dans la cour impériale dePékin. La chose semble quasi impossible, car l'empire des Ming est très hostile auxétrangers. Il va donc lui falloir quitter son habit de moine bouddhiste, car il a comprisque les bouddhistes sont méprisés des lettrés confucéens. Il mettra six longues années avant d'arriver à Pékin, après deux stations àNanchang puis Nanjing. Dans cette derni ère ville, il pousse le mimétisme jusqu'àouvrir une maison à prêcher. Lorsqu'il arrivera dans la capitale en 1601, son prestigesera à son comble. Mais, entre-temps, le missionnaire jésuite a bien changé: sonrespect sincère du confucianisme lui a fait abandonner toute idée de conversionrapideet spectaculaire, et il a choisi de se faire lettréparmi les lettrés. Ce faisant, il passe àc?tédes deux autres composantes de la religion chinoise: le bouddhi??me et le tao?sme. A l'Europe, Ricci apporte pour la première fois des éléments précis et fondés surla civilisation de l'Empire du Milieu, au point qu'on peut le considérer comme lefondateur de la sinologie.(1).Le jésuite italien Matteo Ricci s'embarque pour la Chine dans le but de lagagner au Christ, c'est-à-direA.de la conquérir avec Christ.B.d'y implanter le christianisme.C.de la dominer pour Christ.D.d'y gagner de l'argent pour Christ(2).Dans ? il avait étudié non seulement la théologie, mais aussi la philosophie, ycompris les grands classiques pa?ens ?, le mot pa?ens signifie iciA.chrétiens.B.catholiques.C.non chrétiens.D.protestants(3).A Nanjing, Matteo Ricci pousse le mimétisme jusqu'àouvrir une maison àprêcher, en d 'autres termes,A.il imite les lettrés chinois au point d'ouvrir une maison à prêcher.B.il fait de grands efforts pour ouvrir une maison à prêcher.C.il a tant d'ardeur qu'il.ouvre une maison à prêcher .D.il fait tout pour ouvrir une maison ??;prêcher.(4).Pour atteindre son but de missionnaire, Matteo Ricci joue la carteA.du bouddhisme.B.du confucianisme.C.du tao?sme.D.du christianisme(5).La sinologie est l'étudeA.de la culture chinoise.B.de l'histoire de la Chine.C.de la langue, de la culture et de l'histoire de la Chine.D.de la philosophie chinoise八、PARTIE VII EXPRESSION éCRITE C15points)(总题数：1，分数：15.00)37.Lisez le message suivant et rédigez un commentaire de 150 à 200 mots avec untitre qui lui convient. Ils adorent les grandes marques, possèdent les portables dernier cri,passent leurssoir ées dans les karaokés, les bars ou les boutiques de prêt-à-porter: les jeunesChinois se démarquent de leurs a?nés par leur frénésie consumériste. Une générationchoyée,' née dans les années 1980, qui, aujourd'hu?, aborde non sans difficulté l'age adulte. (Hou Ruili / La Chine au présent ) （分数：15.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________。
2009年法语专业八级试题真题原题.pdf
6. La première époque moderne de l'Humanité débute A. aux premières années du XV IIIe siècle. B. à la fin du XV IIIe siècle. C. au XIXe siècle. 7. Les outils en fer ont fait leur apparition A. il y a plus de
Cette partie est composée de deux sections.
Section A (5 points)
Dans cette section, vous entendrez dix petits dialogues. Chaque dialogue vous sera passé deux fois (le commencement sera signalé par un bip sonore): Vous l'écoutez et vous choisissez la bonne réponse à la question qui se pose sur le dialogue. Maintenant, vous avez trois minutes pour lire les questions et toutes les réponses suggérées.
7.
选择题答案只能选择一个， 多选无效。 正确的方法是， 将选定答案的大写字 母填写在答题卷相应题号右边第一个空格内， 示例:
1
8.
如果需要改变答案， 则先在原来选择的答案上打一个叉， 然后再将新选答案 的大写字母填在相应题号右边第二个即备用空格内(见以下示例〉。 凡涂改 不清或双重填写的答案均被视为错误答案。
2012年专八真题及解析
(6) advantage
(7) as it occurs
(8) have more control
(9) normally occurring/in natural settings
(10) feature
SECTION B INTERVIEW
1-5 C B B D C
SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST
6-10 C B D C A
PART II READING COMPREHENSION
11-15 C A A B B
16-20 D C A D C
21-25 B B A A B
26-30 C A D D A
(4) quite /fairly – 删去quite 或fairly
(5) out – outer
(6) away – 删去away
(7) and – although
(8) quarter – quarters
(9) when – until / unless
(10) fewer – less
PART VI WRITING
Mobile Phones Make Students Less Humane
Recently, a professor of American University conducted a survey about college students’ attitudes towards phone calls and text messaging and finally he concluded that what the students like most about their phones is that they can reach other people and what they like least is that other people can reach them. This result is seemingly contradictory, but in fact, it faithfully portrays the dilemma faced by the students, who both aspire to and are fearful of communication. In my opinion, it is nothing but the very telephone itself that is largely responsible for making students less humane by depriving them of their adaptive capacity and social acceptability.
2012年专八真题及解析星火官方发布版
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专八2012真题
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2011)一GRADE EIGHT—TIME LIMIT：195 MINPARTⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION(35 MIN)SECTION A MINl LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture．You will hear the lecture ONCE 0NLY．While listening， take notes on the important points．Your notes will not be marked，but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture．When the lecture is over，you will be given two minutes to check your notes．and another ten minutes to complete the gal-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE．Some of the gaps may require a maximum of THREE words．Make sure the word(s)you fill in is(are)both grammatically and semantically acceptable．You may refer to your notes while completing the task．Use the blank sheet for note-taking．SECTl0N B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY．Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow．Mark the best answer to each question On ANSWERSHEET TW0。
2012年法语专业八级真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年法语专业八级真题及详解PARTIE ⅠDictée (10 points)Dans cette partie, vous entendrez un texte ayant 20 trous (chaque trou représente un mot ou une expression). Le texte sera lu deux fois (le commencement sera signalé par un bip sonore). Complétez le texte selon l’enregistrement.Maintenant, vous avez deux minutes pour lire le texte. Et après la dictée, vous aurez deux minutes pour relire votre texte.Maintenant, écoutez le texte.L’Asie fête la nouvelle année du Dragon, (1) _____ propice Plus d’un milliard d’ (2) _____ fêtaient lundi (3) _____ de pétards et en famille 1’ (4) _____ dans l’année du Dragon.De la Malaisie à la (5) _____ du Sud, des (6) _____ de gens ont parcouru (7) _____ distances pour se réunir avec (8) _____ proches pour ce (9) _____ an lunaire, la fête la plus importante du (10) _____ pour un grand nombre en Asie.Ils ont pris part aux (11) _____ banquets familiaux, (12) _____ aux danses du lion, distribu (13) _____ aux enfants et souhaité bonne chance aux (14) _____.Alors que minuit (15) _____ à Pékin, le ciel de la capitale chinoise s’est illuminé de milliers de fusées, daus un (16) _____ étourdissant de pétards censés (17) _____ lesmauvais esprits.L’année du Dragon, qui a suivi celle du (18) _____, est considérée dans le zodiaque chinois comme la plus propice. De (19) _____ couples (20) _____ de mettre au monde un enfant sous ce signe très favorable.【答案与解析】1. réputée(这里修饰的中心词是“année”，所以形容词要变成阴性形式。
2012专八真题完整版
TEM8-2012TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2012)-GRADE EIGHT-TIME LIMIT: 195 MIN PART I LISTENING COMPREttENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONL Y While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE, using no more than three words in each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes while completing the task. Use the blank sheet for note-taking. Now, listen to the mini-lecture.ObservationPeople do observation in daily life context for safety or for proper behaviour. However, there are differences in daily life observation and research observation.A.Differences---- daily life observation--casual--(1) ________--defendence on memory---- research observation-- (2) _________-- careful record keepingB. Ways to select samples in research---- time sampling-- systematic: e.g. fixed intervals every hour-- random: fixed intervals but (3) _______Systematic sampling and random sampling are often used in combination.---- (4) _______-- definition: selection of different locations-- reason: human s’ or animals’ behaviour (5) ______ across circumstances-- (6) ______: more objective observationsC. Ways to record behaviour (7) _______---- observation with intervention-- participant observation: researcher as observer and participant-- field experiment: research (8) ______ over conditions---- observation without intervention-- purpose: describing behaviour (9) ______-- (10) ______ : no intervention-- researcher: a passive recorderSECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the foliowing five questions. Now listen to the interview.1. Which of the following statements about creativity is INCORRECT?A. Creativity stems from human beings' novel thinking.B. The duration of the creative process varies from person to person.C. Creative people focus on novel thinking rather than on solutions.D. The outcome of human creativity comes in varied forms.2. The interviewee cites the Bach family to show that creativityA. appears to be the result of the environment.B. seems to be attributable to genetic makeup.C. appears to be more associated with great people.D. comes from both environment and genetic makeup.3. How many types of the creative process does the interviewee describe?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.4. Which of the following features of a creative personality is NOT mentioned in the interview?A. Unconventional.B. Original.C. Resolute.D. Critical.5. The interviewee's suggestion for a creativity workout supports the view thatA. brain exercising will not make people creative.B. most people have diversified interests and hobbies.C. the environment is significant in the creative process.D. creativity can only be found in great people.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.6. What is the news item mainly about?A. U.S. astronauts made three space walks.B. An international space station was set up.C. A problem in the cooling system was solved.D. A 350-kilogram ammonia pump was removed.Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.7. In which country would parents often threaten to punish children by leaving them outside?A. India.B. The Philippines.C. Egypt.D. Not mentioned.8. What is the main purpose of the study?A. To reveal cultural differences and similarities.B. To expose cases of child abuse and punishment.C. To analyze child behaviour across countries.D. To investigate ways of physical punishment.Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.9. According to the news item, Japan's economic growth in the second quarter was ____ less than the first quarter.A. 0.6 percentB. 3.4 percentC. 4 percentD. 3 percent10. How many reasons does the news item cite for Japan's slow economic growth?A. 2.B. 3.C. 4.D. 5.PART II READING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO. TEXT AI used to look at my closet and see clothes. These days, whenever I cast my eyes upon the stacks of shoes and hangers of shirts, sweaters and jackets, I see water.It takes 569 gallons to manufacture a T-shirt, from its start in the cotton fields to its appearance on store shelves. A pair of running shoes? 1,247 gallons.Until last fall, I'd been oblivious to my "water footprint", which is defined as the total volume of freshwater that is used to produce goods and services, according to the Water Footprint Network. The Dutch nonprofit has been working to raise awareness of freshwater scarcity since 2008, but it was through the "Green Blue Book" by Thomas M. Kostigen that I was able to see how my own actions factored in.I've installed gray-water systems to reuse the wastewater from my laundry, machine and bathtub and reroute it to my landscape - systems that save, on average, 50 gallons of water per day. I've set up rain barrels and infiltration pits to collect thousands of gallons of storm water cascading from my roof. I've even entered the last bastion of greendom -installing a composting toilet.Suffice to say, I've been feeling pretty satisfied with myself for all the drinking water I've saved with these big-ticket projects.Now I realize that my daily consumption choices could have an even larger effect –not only on the local water supply but also globally: 1.1 billion people have no access to freshwater, and, in the future, those who do have access will have less of it.To see how much virtual water 1 was using, I logged on to the "Green Blue Book" website and used its water footprint calculator, entering my daily consumption habits. Tallying up the water footprint of my breakfast, lunch, dinner and snacks, as well as my daily dose of over-the-counter uppers and downers - coffee, wine and beer- I'm using 512 gallons of virtual water each day just to feed myself.In a word: alarming.Even more alarming was how much hidden water I was using to get dressed. I'm hardly a clotheshorse, but the few new items I buy once again trumped the amount of water flowing from my faucets each day. If I'm serious about saving water, I realized I could make some simple lifestyle shifts. Looking more closely at the areas in my life that use the most virtual water, it was food and clothes, specifically meat, coffee and, oddly, blue jeans and leather jackets.Being a motorcyclist, I own an unusually large amount of leather - boots and jackets in particular. All of it is enormously water intensive. It takes 7,996 gallons to make a leather.jacket, leather being a byproduct of beef. It takes 2,866 gallons of water to make a single pair of blue jeans, because they're made from water-hogging cotton.Crunching the numbers for the amount of clothes I buy every year, it looks a lot like myfriend's swimming pool. My entire closet is borderline Olympic.Gulp.My late resolution is to buy some items used. Underwear and socks are, of course, exempt from this strategy, but 1 have no problem shopping less and also shopping at Goodwill. In fact, I'd been doing that for the past year to save money. My clothes' outrageous water footprint just reintbrced it for me.More conscious living and substitution, rather than sacrifice, are the prevailing ideas with the water footprint. It's one I'm trying, and that's had an unusual upside. I had a hamburger recently, and I enjoyed it a lot more since it is now an occasional treat rather than a weekly habit.(One gallon =3.8 litres)11. According to the passage, the Water Footprint NetworkA. made the author aware of freshwater shortage.B. helped the author get to know the Green Blue Book.C. worked for freshwater conservation for nonprofit purposes.D. collaborated with the Green Blue Book in freshwater conservation.12. Which of the following reasons can best explain the author's feeling of self-satisfaction?A. He made contribution to drinking water conservation in his own way.B. Money spent on upgrading his household facilities was worthwhile.C. His house was equipped with advanced water-saving facilities.D. He could have made even greater contribution by changing his lifestyle.13. According to the context, "...how mv own actions factored in" meansA. how I could contribute to water conservation.B. what efforts I should make to save fresh water.C. what behaviour could be counted as freshwater-saving.D. how much of what I did contributed to freshwater shortage.14. According to the passage, the author was more alarmed by the fact thatA. he was having more meat and coffee.B. his clothes used even more virtual water.C. globally there will be less fresh water.D. his lifestyle was too extravagant.15. "My entire closet is borderline Olympic" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. analogy.C. understatement.D. euphemism.16. What is the tone of the author in the last paragraph'?A. Sarcastic.B. Ironic.C. Critical.D. Humorous.TEXT BIn her novel of "Reunion, American Style", Rona Jaffe suggests that a class reunion "is more than a sentimental journey. It is also a way of answering the question that lies at the back of nearly all our minds. Did they do better than I?"Jaffe's observation may be misplaced but not completely lost. According to a study conducted by social psychologist Jack Sparacino, the overwhelming majority who attend reunions aren't there invidiously to compare their recent accomplishments with those of their former classmates. Instead, they hope, primarily, to relive their earlier successes.Certainly, a few return to show their former classmates how well they have done; othersenjoy observing the changes that have occurred in their classmates (not always in themselves, of course). But the majority who attend their class reunions do so to relive the good times they remember having when they were younger. In his study, Sparacino found that, as high school students, attendees had been more popular, more often regarded as attractive, and more involved in extracurricular activities than those classmates who chose not to attend. For those who turned up at their reunions, then, the old times were also the good times!It would appear that Americans have a special fondness for reunions, judging by their prevalence. Major league baseball players, fraternity members, veterans groups, high school and college graduates, and former Boy Scouts all hold reunions on a regular basis. In addition, family reunions frequently attract blood relatives from faraway places who spend considerable money and time to reunite.Actually, in their affection for reuniting with friends, family or colleagues, Americans are probably no different from any other people, except that Americans have created a mind-boggling number and variety of institutionalized forms of gatherings to facilitate the satisfaction of this desire. Indeed, reunions have increasingly become formal events that are organized on a regular basis and, in the process, they have also become big business.Shell Norris of Class Reunion, Inc., says that Chicago alone has 1,500 high school reunions each year. A conservative estimate on the national level would be 10,000 annually. At one time, all high school reunions were organized by volunteers, usually female homemakers. In the last few years, however, as more and more women have entered the labour force, alumni reunions are increasingly being planned by specialized companies rather than by part-time volunteers.The first college reunion was held by the alumni of Yale University in 1792. Graduates of Pennsylvania, Princeton, Stanford, and Brown followed suit. And by the end of the 19th century, most 4-year institutions were holding alumni reunions.The variety of college reunions is impressive. At Princeton, alumni parade through the town wearing their class uniforms and singing their alma mater. At Marietta College, they gather for a dinner-dance on a steamship cruising the Ohio River.Clearly, the thought of cruising on a steamship or marching through the streets is usually not, by itself, sufficient reason for large numbers of alumni to return to campus. Alumni who decide to attend their reunions share a common identity based on the years they spent together as undergraduates. For this reason, universities that somehow establish a common bond –for example, because they are relatively small or especially prestigious - tend to draw substantial numbers of their alumni to reunions. In an effort to enhance this common identity, larger colleges and universities frequently build their class reunions on participation in smaller units, such as departments or schools. Or they encourage "affinity reunions" for groups of former cheerleaders, editors, fraternity members, musicians, members of military organizations on campus, and the like.Of course, not every alumnus is fond of his or her alma mater. Students who graduated during the late 1960s may be especially reluctant to get involved in alumni events. They were part of the generation that conducted sit-ins and teach-ins directed at university administrators, protested military recruitment on campus and marched against "establishment politics." If this generation has a common identity, it may fall outside of their university ties - or even be hostile to them. Even as they enter their middle years, alumni who continue to hold unpleasant memories of college during this period may not wish to attend class reunions.17. According to the passage, Sparacino's studyA. provided strong evidence for Jaffe's statement.B. showed that attendees tended to excel in high school study.C. found that interest in reunions was linked with school experience.D. found evidence for attendees' intense desire for showing off success.18. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a distinct feature of U.S. class reunions?A. U.S. class reunions are usually occasions to show off one's recent success.B. Reunions are regular and formal events organized by professional agencies.C. Class reunions have become a profitable business.D. Class reunions have brought about a variety of activities.19. What mainly attracts many people to return to campus for reunion?A. The variety of activities for class reunion.B. The special status their university enjoys.C. Shared experience beyond the campus.D. Shared undergraduate experience on campus.20. The rhetorical function of the first paragraph is toA. introduce Rona Jeffe's novel.B. present the author's counterargument.C. serve as prelude to the author's argument.D. bring into focus contrasting opinions.21. What is the passage mainly about?A. Reasons for popularity and (non)attendance for alumni reunions.B. A historical perspective for alumni reunions in the United States.C. Alumni reunions and American university traditions.D. Alumni reunion and its social and economic implications.TEXT COne time while on his walk George met Mr. Cattanzara coming home very late from work. He wondered if he was drunk but then could tell he wasn't. Mr. Cattanzara, a stocky, bald-headed man who worked in a change booth on an IRT station, lived on the next block after George's, above a shoe repair store. Nights, during the hot weather, he sat on his stoop in an undershirt, reading the New York Times in the light of the shoemaker's window. He read it from the first page to the last, then went up to sleep. And all the time he was reading the paper, his wife, a fat woman with a white face, leaned out of the window, gazing into the street, her thick white arms folded under her loose breast, on the window ledge.Once in a while Mr. Cattanzara came home drunk, but it was a quiet drunk. He never made any trouble, only walked stiffly up the street and slowly climbed the stairs into the hall. Though drunk he looked the same as always, except for his tight walk, the quietness, and that his eyes were wet. George liked Mr. Cattanzara because he remembered him giving him nickels to buy lemon ice with when he was a squirt. Mr. Cattanzara was a different type than those in the neighbourhood. He asked different questions than the others when he met you, and he seemed to know what went on in all the newspapers. He read them, as his fat sick wife watched from the window."What are you doing with yourself this summer, George?" Mr. Cattanzara asked. "l see you walkin' around at night."George felt embarrassed. "I like to walk.""What are you doin' in the day now?""Nothing much just now. I'm waiting for a job." Since it shamed him to admit that he wasn't working, George said, "I'm reading a lot to pick up my education.""What are you readin'?"George hesitated, then said, "I got a list of books in the library once and now I'm gonna read them this summer." He felt strange and a little unhappy saying this, but he wanted Mr. Cattanzara to respect him."How many books are there on it?""I never counted them. Maybe around a hundred."Mr. Cattanzara whistled through his teeth."I figure if l did that," George went on earnestly, "it would help me in my education. 1 don't mean the kind they give you in high school. I want to know different things than they learn there, if you know what I mean."The change maker nodded. "Still and all, one hundred books is a pretty big load for one summer.""It might take longer.""After you're finished with some, maybe you and I can shoot the breeze about them?" said Mr. Cattanzara."When I'm finished," George answered.Mr. Cattanzara went home and George continued on his walk. After that, though he had the urge to, George did nothing different from usual. He still took his walks at night, ending up in the little park. But one evening the shoemaker on the next block stopped George to say he was a good boy, and George figured that Mr. Cattanzara had told him all about the books he was reading. From the shoemaker it must have gone down the street, because George saw a couple of people smiling kindly at him, though nobody spoke to him personally. He felt a little better around the neighbourhood and liked it more, though not so much he would want to live in it forever. He had never exactly disliked the people in it, yet he had never liked them very much either. It was the fault of the neighbourhood. To his surprise, George found out that his father and his sister Sophie knew about his reading too. His father was too shy to say anything about it - he was never much of a talker in his whole life -- but Sophie was softer to George, and she showed him in other ways she was proud of him.22. In the excerpt, Mr. Cattanzara was described as a man whoA. was fond of drinking.B. showed a wide interest.C. often worked overtime.D. liked to gossip after work.23. It can be inferred from the passage thatA. Mr. Cattanzara was surprised at George's reading plan.B. Mr. Cannazara was doubtful about George throughout.C. George was forced to tell a lie and then regretted.D. George lied at the beginning and then became serious.24. After the street conversation with Mr. Cattanzara, GeorgeA. remained the same as usual.B. became more friendly with Mr. Cattanzara.C. began to like his neighbours more than ever.D. continued to read the books from the list.25. We can tell from the excerpt that GeorgeA. had a neither close nor distant relationship with his father.B. was dissatisfied with his life and surroundings.C. found that his sister remained skeptical about him.D. found his neighbours liked to poke their nose into him.TEXT DAbraham Lincoln turns 200 this year, and he's beginning to show his age. When his birthday arrives, on February 12, Congress will hold a special joint session in the Capitol's National Statuary Hall, a wreath will be laid at the great memorial in Washington, and a webcast will link school classrooms for a "teach-in" honouring his memory.Admirable as they are, though, the events will strike many of us Lincoln fans as inadequate, even halfhearted -- and another sign that our appreciation for the 16th president and his towering achievements is slipping away. And you don't have to be a Lincoln enthusiast to believe that this is something we can't afford to lose.Compare this year's celebration with the Lincoln centennial, in 1909. That year, Lincoln's likeness made its debut on the penny, thanks to approval from the U.S. Secretary of the Treasury. Communities and civic associations in every comer of the country erupted in parades, concerts, balls, lectures, and military displays. We still feel the effects today: The momentum unloosed in 1909 led to the Lincoln Memorial, opened in 1922, and the Lincoln Highway, the first paved transcontinental thoroughfare.The celebrants in 1909 had a few inspirations we lack today. Lincoln's presidency was still a living memory for countless Americans. In 2009 we are farther in time from the end of the Second World War than they were from the Civil War; families still felt the loss of loved ones from that awful national trauma.But Americans in 1909 had something more: an unembarrassed appreciation for heroes and an acute sense of the way that even long-dead historical figures press in on the present and make us who we are.One story will illustrate what l'm talking about.In 2003 a group of local citizens arranged to place a statue of Lincoln in Richmond, Virginia, former capital of the Confederacy. The idea touched off a firestorm of controversy. The Sons of Confederate Veterans held a public conference of carefully selected scholars to "reassess" the legacy of Lincoln. The verdict - no surprise - was negative: Lincoln was labeled everything from a racist totalitarian to a teller of dirty jokes.I covered the conference as a reporter, but what really unnerved me was a counter-conference of scholars to refute the earlier one. These scholars drew a picture of Lincoln that only our touchy-feely age could conjure up. The man who oversaw the most savage war in our history was described - by his admirers, remember - as "nonjudgmental," "unmoralistic," "comfortable with ambiguity."I felt the way a friend of mine felt as we later watched the unveiling of the Richmond statue in a subdued ceremony: "But he's so small!"The statue in Richmond was indeed small; like nearly every Lincoln statue put up in the past half century, it was life-size and was placed at ground level, a conscious rejection of the heroic - approachable and human, yes, but not something to look up to.The Richmond episode taught me that Americans have lost the language to explain Lincoln's greatness even to ourselves. Earlier generations said they wanted their children to be like Lincoln: principled, kind, compassionate, resolute. Today we want Lincoln to be like us.This helps to explain the long string of recent books in which writers have presented a Lincoln made after their own image. We've had Lincoln as humorist and Lincoln as manic-depressive, Lincoln the business sage, the conservative Lincoln and the liberal Lincoln, the emancipator and the racist, the stoic philosopher, the Christian, the atheist - Lincoln over easy and Lincoln scrambled.What's often missing, though, is the timeless Lincoln, the Lincoln whom all generations, our own no less than that of 1909, can lay claim to. Lucky for us, those memorializers from a century ago - and, through them, Lincoln himself- have left us a hint of where to find him. The Lincoln Memorial is the most visited of our presidential monuments. Here is where we find the Lincoln who endures: in the words he left us, defining the country we've inherited. Here is the Lincoln who can be endlessly renewed and who, 200 years after his birth, retains the power to renew us.26. The author thinks that this year's celebration is inadequate and even halfhearted becauseA. no Lincoln statue will be unveiled.B. no memorial coins will be issued.C. no similar appreciation of Lincoln will be seen.D. no activities can be compared to those in 1909.27. According to the passage, what really makes the 1909 celebrations different from this year's?A. Respect for great people and their influence.B. V ariety and magnitude of celebration activities.C. Structures constructed in memory of Lincoln.D. Temporal proximity to Lincoln's presidency.28. In the author's opinion, the counter-conferenceA. rectified the judgment by those carefully selected scholars.B. offered a brand new reassessment perspective.C. came up with somewhat favourable conclusions.D. resulted in similar disparaging remarks on Lincoln.29. According to the author, the image of Lincoln conceived by contemporary peopleA. conforms to traditional images.B. reflects the present-day tendency of worship.C. shows the present-day desire to emulate Lincoln.D. reveals the variety of current opinions on heroes.30. Which of the following best explains the implication of the last paragraph?A. Lincoln's greatness remains despite the passage of time.B. The memorial is symbolic of the great man's achievements.C. Each generation has it own interpretation of Lincoln.D. People get to know Lincoln through memorializers.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Mark the best answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.31. The Maori people are natives ofA. Australia.B. Canada.C. Ireland.D. New Zealand.32. The British monarch is the Head ofA. Parliament.B. State.C. Government.D. Cabinet.33. Americans celebrate Independence Day onA. July 4th.B. October 11th.C. May 31st.D. September 6th.34. Canada is bounded on the north byA. the Pacific Ocean.B. the Atlantic Ocean.C. the Arctic Ocean.D. the Great Lakes.35. Who is the author of The Waste Lana?A. George Bernard Shaw.B. W.B. Yeats.C. Dylan Thomas.D. T.S. Eliot.36. Which of the following novelists wrote The Sound and the Fury?A. William Faulkner.B. Ernest Hemingway.C. Scott Fitzgerald.D. John Steinbeck.37. "The lettuce was lonely without tomatoes and cucumbers for company" is an example ofA. exaggeration.B. understatement.C. personification.D. synecdoche.38. In English ifa word begins with a [l] or a [r], then the next sound must be a vowel. This is a (n)A. assimilation rule.B. sequential rule.C.deletion rule.D. grammar rule.39. Which of the following is an example of clipping?A.APEC.B.Motel.C.Xerox.D.Disco.40. The type of language which is selected as appropriate to a particular type of" situation is calledA. register.B. dialect.C. slang.D. variety.PART IV PROOFREADING & ERROR CORRECTION (15 MIN)The passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proof-read the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blankprovided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a " " sign and write theword you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of theline.For an unnecessary word, cross the unnecessary word with a slash "/" and put the word in theblank provided at the end of the line.EXAMPLEWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitProofread the given passage on ANSWER SHEET TWO as instructed.The central problem of translating has always been whether to translate literally or freely. The argument has been going since at least the first (1) ______ century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translation: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _______ sense not the word; the message rather the form; the matter not (3) _______。
2012年专业八级听力答案
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (2012)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREObserving BehaviourGood morning, everyone. Today we will look at how to observe behaviour in research. Perhaps you would say it is easy and there is nothing extraordinary. Yes, you may be right. All of us observe behaviour every day. For example, when traveling in another country, we can avoid embarrassment by observing how people behave in that culture. And failing to be observing while walking or driving can be life-threatening.We learn by observing people's behaviour. Researchers too rely on their observations to learn about behaviour,but there are differences. For instance, when we observe casually, we may not be aware of factors that bias our observations, and, [1] and when we rarely keep formal records of our observations. Instead, we rely on our memory of events. [2]Observations in research on the other hand are made under precisely defined conditions, that is, in a systematic and objective manner, and with careful record keeping.Then how are we going to conduct observations in our research studies, and what do we need to do in order to make a scientific and objective observation? Now, as you remember, the primary goal of observation is to describe behaviour, but it is in reality impossible to observe and describe all of a person's behaviour. So we have to rely on observing samples of people's behaviour. Doing so, we must decide whether the samples represent people's usual behaviour. Thus, we will first take a brief look at how researchers select samples of behaviour.Before conducting an observational study, researchers must make a number of important decisions, that's about when and where observations will be made. As I've said before, the researcher cannot observe all behaviour. Only certain behaviours occurring at particular times, in specific settings can be observed. In other words, behaviour must be sampled. In this lecture, I will briefly introduce two kinds of sampling, that is, time sampling and situation sampling.Now first, time sampling. Time sampling means that researchers choose various time intervals for their observation. Intervals may be selected systematically or randomly. Suppose we want to observe students' classroom behaviour. Then in systematic time sampling, our observations might be made during five 20-minute periods, beginning every hour. The first observation period could begin at 9 am, the second at 10 am and so forth. [3]However, in random sampling, these five 20-minute periods may be distributed randomly over the course of the day. That is to say, intervals between observation periods could vary—some longer others shorter. One point I'd like to make is systematic and random time sampling are not always used in isolation. They are often combined in studies. For example, while observation intervals are scheduled systematically, observations within an interval are made at random times. That means the researcher might decide to observe only during 15-second intervals that are randomly distributed within each 20-minute period.[4]Now let's come to situation sampling. Then, what is situation sampling? It involves studying behaviour in different locations and under different circumstances and conditions. By sampling as many different situations as possible researchers can reduce the chance that their observation results will be peculiar to a certain set of circumstances and conditions. [5]Why? Because people or for that manner animals do not behave in exactly the same way across all situations. For example, children do not always behave the same way with one parent as they dowith the other parent, and animals do not behave the same way in zoos as they do in the wild.[6]So, by sampling different situations, a researcher can make more objective observations than he would in only a specific situation.[7]Having discussed ways to sample behaviour in research, we are now moving onto another issue, that is, what researchers should do to record behaviour as it occurs, that is whether researchers are active or passive in recording behaviour. This refers to the methods of observation. Observational methods can be classified as ―observation with intervention‖ or ―observation without intervention‖. Observation with intervention can be made in at least two ways, participant observation and field experiment. In participant observation, observers, that is researchers, play a dual role: They observe people's behaviour and they participate actively in the situation they are observing. If individuals who are being observed know that the observer is present to collect information about their behaviour, this is undisguised participant observation. But in disguised participant observation, those who are being observed do not know that they are being observed.[8]Another method of observation with intervention is field experiment. What is a field experiment? When an observer controls one or more conditions in a natural setting in order to determine the effect on behaviour, this procedure is called field experiment. The field experiment represents the most extreme form of intervention in observational methods. The essential difference between field experiments and other observational methods is that researchers have more control in field experiments.Now let's take a look at observation without intervention. [9]Observation without intervention is also called naturalistic observation because its main purpose is to describe behaviour as it normally occurs, that is, in a natural setting, [10] without any attempt by the observer to intervene. An observer using this method of observation acts as a passive recorder of what occurs. The events occur naturally and are not controlled by the observer.OK, in today's lecture, we have focused on how to make decisions of sampling before beginning our observation, and what we can do during observation. I hope what we've discussed will help you in your future research design.SECTION B INTERVIEWM: People often wonder how the human brain creates, for example, a beautiful painting, a sculpture or even a delicious dinner. Today we are honoured to have Dr. Nancy Andreasen, a neuroscientist at the University of Iowa on our talk show. Dr. Andreasen has recently written a book called The Creating Brain: The Neuroscience of Genius.In her book, she tackles the questionand tries to look into the brain behind creativity.M: Dr. Andreasen, thanks for coming on our show.W: Pleasure.M: Now, Dr. Andreasen can we start with the question ―What is creativity?‖W: Well, creativity can be saying as a process. This process starts with a person, for example an artist, musician, inventor or even someone who's trying to figure out a better way of doing a task at work or at home. [1]That person must think about the problem or, or their project in a novel way and then come up with a solution.M: Hmm, I see. But how long will it take for the person to find a solution as it were?W: Well, it depends. [12]The creative process can go by in a flash or it can take years. But the endresult is invariably the production of something new and useful, such as the automobile, or something beautiful and artistic, such as a painting by Vincent van Gogh.M: Hmm, Dr. Andreasen, then do you think the ability to be creative is inborn or not?W: Well, no one knows yet if the ability to be creative, for example the ability to produce a haunting symphony is the result of the environment or a genetic makeup that allows people to be creative more easily.[2]However, creativity does seem to run in certain families.M: Is that so?W: Yes. You see, [2] Johann Sebastian Bach was the most famous member of the Bach family, but there were 20 other eminent musicians who came from the same family.M: That's very interesting. Now Dr. Andreasen,we've so far been talking about those famous creative people like van Gogh or Bach who have produced great pieces of work. Does that mean that creativity only resides in great people?W: No, certainly not. Creativity is not limited, I mean, to the masterpiece work of artbut can also be found in everyday tasks such as cooking or gardening.M: Oh, really?W: For example, a cook changes a recipe or even makes one up using ingredients he or she has on hand to produce a new one. He is in fact using the creative process to create novel taste sensations. M: So can we say both famous and ordinary people can be creative?W: Yes.M: Now Dr. Andreasen, can you describe to us what the actual creative process is?W: OK. Uh, [3] artists, musicians and writers often describe periods during which they're relying on ordinary creativity. For example, you know writers can spend hours at the keyboard putting thoughts together – this process is similar to the way people put together novel ideas when talking. And and many great artists also describe a dream-like state during which a symphony, a poem or the idea for the ending of a play comes to them in a flash.M: So what's going on in the brain during a flash of inspiration?W: Well, for the moment no one knows for sure, but but researchers suggest that creative people often slip into a zone in which ideas, uh, and thoughts come up freely in a sort of disorganized way. During that state a part of the brain becomes very active. And that brain region is known to be able to link up ideas or or thoughts in potentially novel ways.M: I see. Another question, do you think there is a creative personality?W: Well, perhaps we can put it this way. Gifted people in the arts or science tend to enjoy adventure. They often like to explore new places or ideas. Uh, [4] they don't like being hemmed in by rules or convention and,and they often look at problems from a different angle. Another point is,is they often have to move doggedly ahead on a project -- even when the outside world rejects their art or new ideas.M: Dr. Andreasen, what about the role of the environment in the creative process?W: Environment does play a role. You see there have been hotbeds of creativity throughout history. For example, the city of Florence during the Renaissance period was home to both Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo. Both men in fact came from families that didn't especially value creativity,yet someone noticed a spark of talent in them and both got the training and financial backing to produce extraordinary pieces of art.M: Uh,[5] since the environment helps in the creative process, are there ways for people to build a better, more creative brain?W: Well, [5] I suggest that you spend 30 minutes a day on a creativity workout.M: Oh, could you say a bit more about that?W: Yes, you do three things. First, explore an unfamiliar area of knowledge. For example, people who use a lot of math on the job should sign up for a painting class.M: And the second?W: The second is, spend time each day thinking. This means that you don't censor your thoughts, but allow your mind to go freely to a problem and see what kind of solutions or ideas come up. M: Next thing?W: That is, practice the art of paying attention. Look for and really observe a person,an object or something in your daily commute that you hadn't noticed before. Try describing or drawing that object in a journal or sketchbook.M: I hope that your advice will help people to train their brain to be creative. OK, thank you very much Dr. Andreasen for talking on the show.W: Not at all.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTNEMS ITEMS IQuestions 6 is based on the following news.[6]NASA astronauts successfully installed a new ammonia pump on the International Space Station Monday during their third spacewalk to make the emergency repairs. The astronauts do not yet know whether their efforts were enough to restore the space station's cooling system to full capacity. It took three spacewalks totaling more than 22 hours, but astronauts Doug Wheelock and Tracy Caldwell Dyson managed to move the 350-kilogram replacement pump into position. They tightened bolts and made connections so ammonia could flow into the module. NASA called the success ―a big step in the right direction.‖[6] The space station's cooling system has been running at half capacity for more than two weeks. On July 31, an ammonia pump failed. Another module continued to pump coolant through a separate loop, but astronauts had to power down non-essential equipment to prevent overheating. The space station's deputy program manager, Kirk Shireman, said [6] the team did an outstanding job coping with what he called ―a major malfunction.‖NEWS ITEM 2:Questions 7 and 8 are based on the following news.[8] Pediatricians from the U.S. University have taken a look at one measure of children's well being in Egypt, the Philippines and India --- the extent to which children are subject to corporal punishment and abuse. The data reveal interesting cultural differences about what seems to be acceptable when it comes to physically disciplining children.‖ Among the things we learned for instance was that in India, slapping a child in the face or head is more common than spanking them,‖the researchers say. ―And in Egypt, 25 percent of the mothers said that they had beaten their child up, which was defined as hitting them over and over again with a closed fist.‖[7] ―And then the other interesting things were, like the Philippines, the rate of telling people that evil spirits was going to get them, the kind of emotional, kind of threatening to lock them out of thehome, was very high.‖[8] However, despite the differences in punishment methods, some notable similarities have been found. For example, the education level of mothers impacted how often they resorted to physical discipline. The more years of education, the lower the rate of harsh physical punishment in kids.NEWS ITEM 3:Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following news.Officials say Japan lost its place as the world's No. 2 Economy to China in the second quarter, as the island nation's economic growth slowed to a crawl. [9] Japan's Cabinet Office said Monday that gross domestic product rose an annualized 0.4 percent in the three months ended June 3, compared with a revised 4.4 percent expansion in the first quarter. [10] Monday's report said export growth slowed and consumer spending stalled. The expansion was weaker than economists estimated, with their predictions ranging from 0.6 percent to 3.4 percent. Analysts say China's economy will almost certainly be bigger than Japan's at the end of the year, because of the big difference in each country's growth rates. China is growing at about 10 percent per year, while Japan's economy is forecast to grow three percent this year.。
专八改错真题及答案
. .2000 年-2015年专八短文改错试卷2015年3月21日专业八级考试改错When I was in my early teens, I was taken to a spectacular showon ice by the mother of a friend. Looked round a the luxury of the 1.______ rink, my friend’s mother remarked on the “plush” seats we had beengiven. I did not know what she meant, and being proud of my 2. ______ vocabulary, I tried to infer its meaning from the context. “Plush”was clearly intended as a complimentary, a positive evaluation。
that 3.______ much I could tell it from the tone of voice and the context. So I 4.______ started to use the word. Yes, I replied, they certainly are plush, andso are the ice rink and the costumes of the skaters, aren’t they? Myfriend’s mother was very polite to correct me, but I could tell from her 5.______ expression that I had not got the word quite right.Often we can indeed infer from the context what a word roughlymeans, and that is in fact the way which we usually acquire both 6.______ new words and new meanings for familiar words, specially in our 7.______ own first language. But sometimes we need to ask, as I should haveasked for Plush, and this is particularly true in the 8.______ aspect of a foreign language. If you are continually surrounded by 9.______ speakers of the language you are learning, you can ask them directly,but often this opportunity does not exist for the learner of English.So dictionaries have been developed to mend the gap. 10.______2014改错There is widespread consensus among scholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of research from the late 1950s to early 1960s.There is a high level of agreement that the following questions (1) ______ have possessed the most attention of researchers in this area: (2) ______ l Is it possible to acquire an additional language in thesame sense one acquires a first language? (3) ______l What is the explanation for the fact adults have (4) ______more difficulty in acquiring additional languages than children have?l What motivates people to acquire additional language?l What is the role of the language teaching in the (5) ______acquisition of additional languages?l What social-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying thelearning of additional languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (6) ______ the approaches adopted to study the phenomena of SLA so far haveone thing in common: The perspective adopted to view the acquiringof an additional language is that of an individual attempts to do (7) ______ so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishment or what is under (8) ______ focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of anindividual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capabilities areinvolving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning (9) ______ or acquisition, and whether the target language is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social touch with native speakers. (10) ______2013 专八短文改错试卷．Psycho-linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics study understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) _____listening, reading, speaking, writing, and memory for language.One reason why we take the language for granted is that it usually (2) ______ happens so effortlessly, and most of time, so accurately. (3) ______ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) ______you normally cannot help but understand it. It is only in exceptionalcircumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ______involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it。