财经英语练习题U5 U7 U8

Quiz 5 managementI. Translation战略管理Methodological analysis管理实践School of Business Administration 工作专门化Span of control指挥链Departmentalization职权Unity of command前馈控制Self-motivation小集团控制Performance Appraisal地方分权Delegation职业规划与发展Behavior modeling管理评价Occupational orientationII. True or False (10mins, 1×10 points)If you think it is true, mark A on your answer sheet. If you think it is false, mark B on your answer sheet.(1)There is a universally definition given by James L. Hayes that management wasgetting things done through people.(2)Management is not only an applied art, but also a social science(3)Managers are all leaders. So we can say, management is what leaders do.(4)The functions of management are typically labeled planning, organizing, leading,and controlling.(5)A successful manager needs abilities, motivations and opportunities.(6)Planning is only concerned with ends, i.e. what is to be done.(7)Organizing is the process of determining what tasks are to be done, who is to dothem, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.(8)Leading function gives the manager a passive rather than an active role inemployee performance, conduct and accomplishment.(9)Clan control emphasizes organizational authority and relies on administrativerules, regulations, procedures, and policies.(10)I n the control process, managers must first have performance standards, whichcome from the goals formed in the planning stage.III. Multiple Choices1.Management is getting things done ____ peopleA. withB. inC. thoughD. for2. Management is subject _____ methodological analysis.A. toB. withC. onD. about3. ___ function involves the process of defining goals, establishing strategies for achieving those goals.A. LeadingB. PlanningC. OrganizationD. Controlling4.____ are desired outcomes for individual, groups, or an entire organization.A. PlansB. GoalsC. Strategies D Purposes5. ____ plans cover an extensive time period, cover broad issues, and include the formulation of objectives.A. OperationalB. StandingC. SpecificD. Strategic6. Long-term plans are those with a time frame beyond ____ years.A. 3B. 2C. 1D. 57. The basis by which jobs are grouped together is called ____A. centralizationB. work specializationC. departmentalizationD. the chain of command8. To a large degree, ____ determines the number of levels and manager an organization hasA. span of controlB. centralizationC. departmentalizationD. formalization9. _____ is the inner force that directs employee behavior.A. DisciplineB. CommunicationC. MotivationD. Conflict management10. The approach which emphasizes external market mechanisms is ____ control.A. freeforwardB. marketC. feedbackD. clanIV. ClozeHuman Resource ManagementThe human resource management is not only unique and valuable; it is an organization’s most important_____1_____. It seems logical that the organization would expend a great deal of ____2___to acquire and utilize such a resource, and most organizations do. That effort is now known as human resource management, or HRM. It has also been called staffing and _______3______ management.Human resource management _____4___of all the activities involved in acquiring, maintaining, and developing an organization’s human resources. As the definition implies, HRM begins with acquisition -----getting people to work for the organization. Next step must be taken to keep these ____5____ resources (they are the only business resources that can leave the organization at will). Finally, the human resource should be developed to their full capacity to ___6___ to the firm.In general, human resource management is a ___7____ responsibility of managers and staff HRM specialists.In very small organizations, the owner is usually both a manager and the staff personnel specialist. He or she handles all or most HRM activities. As the firms ___8____ in size, a personnel manager is generally hires to____9____most of the staff responsibilities. As growth continues, additional staff positions are added as needed. In large firms, HRM activities tend to be very highly ___10___. There may be separate groups to deal with compensation, training and development programs, and the other staff activities.Legislation regarding personnel practices has been passed mainly to ___11___the rights of employees, to promote job safety, and to ____12____discrimination in the work place.Human resource planning is the development of strategies for meeting the firm’s future human resource__13___. The starting point for this planning is the organization’s overall strategic plan. From this, human resource planner can ___14___ the firm’s future demand for human resource. Next they must determine whether the needed human resources will be available; that is , they must forecast the supply of human resources within the firm. Finally they have to take steps to supply with demand.1. A. capital B. resource C.asset D.part2. A. effort B.try C.aim D.energy3. A. personal B.human C.people D. personnel4. A. includes B.concludes C. consists poses5. A. infinite B.fixed C. valuable D.current6. A. distribute B. contribute C. attribute D.deduct7. A. double B.due C. shared D.separate8. A. grows B.decreases C.minimizes D.reduces9. A. handle over B. take over C. take charge D.control over10. A. specific B. specialization C. specific D. specialized11. A. protect B.prevent C. restrict D.limit12. A. enhance B. reduce C.maximize D. eliminate13. A. goals B. aims C.targets D.needs14. A. suspect B.suppose C. forcast D.evaluate15. A. combine pare C match ply V. ReadingPassage 1A newly issued report reveals in facts and figures what should have been known in principle ,that quite a lot of business companies are going to go under during the coming decade, as tariff walls are progressively dismantled .Labor and capital valued at ＄12 billion are to be made idle through the impact of duty-free imports. As a result, 35.000 workers will be displaced. Some will move to other jobs and other departments within the same firm. Around 15.000 will have to leave the firm now employing them and work elsewhere.The report is measuring exclusively the influence of free trade with Europe. The authors do not take into account the export predictions they make will be achieved. For this presupposes that a suitable business climate lets the pressure to increase productivity materialize.There are two reasons why this scenario may not happen. The first one is that industry on the whole is not taking the initiatives necessary to adapt fully to the new situation it will be facing as time goes by. This is another way of saying that the manufacturers do not realize what lies ahead .The government is to blame for not making the position absolutely clear. It should be saying that in ten years’ time tariffs on all industrial goods imported from Europe will be eliminated. There will be noadjustment assistance for manufacturers who cannot adapt to this situation.The second obstacle to adjustment is not stressed in the same way in the report; it is the attitude of the service sector. Not only are service industries unaware that the Common Market treaty concerns them too, they are artificially insulated from the physical pressures of international competition. The manufacturing sector has been forced to apply its nose to the grindstone for some time now, by the increasingly stringent import-liberalization program .The ancillary services on which the factories depend show a growing indifference to their work obligations. They seem unaware that overmanned ships, underutilized container equipment in the ports, and repeated work stoppages slow the country’s attempts to narrow the trade gap. The remedy is to cut the fees charged by these services so as to reduce their earnings------in exactly the same way that earnings in industrial undertaking are reduced by the tariff reduction program embodied in the treaty with the European Community.There is no point in dismissing 15,000 industrial workers from their present jobs during the coming ten years if all the gain in productivity is wasted by costly harbor, transport, financial, administrative and other cervices. The free trade treaty is their concern as well. Surplus staff should be removed, if need be, from all workplaces, not just from the factories. Efficiency is everybody’s business.1.In the last sentence of the second paragraph, “a suitable business climate lets the pressure to increase productivity materialize.” means that---------- .[A] A suitable environment helps the development of free trade.[B] Free trade will naturally stimulate economic productivity[C] In adapting to the new environment economy will prosper.[D]Free trade will lead to a lower unemployment level2. The primary purpose of the passage is to ---------.[A] Show that the new trade treaty will bring a lot of advantages.[B] Imply that more reforms in the service sector should be carried out[C]Criticize the writers of the report about their ignorance.[D]Demonstrate that removal of workers is necessary to develop economy3. The author’s attitude towards the report he cites in the first paragraph is one of -------- .[A] Wholesale affirmation [B] Entire indifference[C] Mild criticism [D] Strong antipathy4. The author writers the fourth paragraph mainly to ------------ .[A] Emphasize the importance in reforming the service sector[B] Point out the costly service charges in many departments[C]Give reasons for factory’s reluctance to change[D] Chang our view about the competitiveness of our workersPassage twoIf sustainable competitive advantage depends on work force skills, American firms are in trouble. Human-resource management is not traditionally seen as central to the competitive survival of the firms in the United States. Skill acquisition isconsidered an individual responsibility. Labor is simply another factor of production to be hired—rented at the lowest possible price—much as one buys raw materials or equipment.The lack of importance attached to human-resource management can be seen in the corporate pecking order. In an American firm the chief financial officer is almost always second in command. The post of head of human-resource management is usually a specialized job, off at the edge of the corporate hierarchy. The executive who holds it is never consulted on major strategic decisions and has no chance to move up to chief Executive Officer. By way of contrast, in Japan the head ofhuman-resource management is central—usually the second most important executive, after the CEO, in the firm.While American firms often talk about the vast amounts spent on training their work force, in fact, they invest less in the skill of their employees than do either Japan or German firms. The money they do invest is also more highly concentrated on professional and managerial employees. And the limited investments that are made in training workers are also much more narrowly focused on the specific skills necessary to do the next job rather than on the basic background skills that make it possible to absorb new technologies.As a result, problems emerge when new breakthrough technologies arrive. If American worker, for example, take much longer time to learn how to operate new flexible manufacturing stations than workers in Germany as they do, the effective cost of those stations is lower in Germany than it is in the United States. More time is required before equipment is up and running at full capacity, and the need for extensive retraining generates costs and creates bottlenecks that limit the speed with which new equipment can be employed. The result is a slower pace of technological change. And in the end the skills of the bottom half of the population affect the wages of the top half. If the bottom half can’t effectively staff the processes that have to be operated, the management and professional jobs that go with these processes will disappear.1. Which of the following applies to the human-resource management of the American firms?A. They hire people for the least possible money regardless of their skills.B. They see skill gaining as their employee’s own busin ess.C. They prefer to hire self-trained workers.D. They only hire skilled workers for the keen employment competition.2. What is the position of the executive of human-resource management in the American firms?A. He is one of the most important executives of the firm.B. His post is likely to disappear when the new technologies have been introduced.C. He has no say in making important decisions in the firm.D. He is directly under the chief financial executives.3. The money most American firms put in work force training mainly goes on.A. technological and managerial staffB. workers who will run the new equipmentC. workers who lack basic background skillsD. top executives4. Why is there a slow pace of technological change in the American firms?A. New equipment in America is more expensive.B. American firms don’t pay enough attention to on-the-job training of their workers.C. The decision-making process in American firms makes them less responsive to technological changes.D. The professional staff of American firms are less paid and so less creative.5. What is the main idea of this passage?A. American firms’ human-resource management strategies affect their competitive capacity.B. Human-resource management is a key factor in a firm’s survival.C. The cost of work force training in America is higher than that in Japan and Germany.D. American firms are different from Japanese and German firms in human resource management.V. Writing (no less than 250 words)If I am a manager…Key 5 managementI. Translation Strategic Management 方法系统分析practice of management 工商管理学院Work Specialization 管理跨度Chain of Command 部门化Authority 统一指挥Feedforward control 自我激励Clan control 绩效评估Decentralization 委任/委派Career planning and development 行为模拟Management assessment 职业取向/职业性向II. B A B A A B A B B AIII. C A B B D A C A C BIV. ClozeBADCC BCABD ADDCCV. ReadingPassage One: B B C APassage Two: BCABAQuiz7 I.Translation财务分析资产负债表所有者权益表财务会计税务会计注册会计师会计系统内部审计长期负债净收益financial statementIncome StatementStatement of Cash Flowmanagement accountingFASB (fFASB (Financial Accounting Standards Board) GAAP (Generally Accepted Accounting Principles)profit marginnotes receivableaccounts payablecreditor & debtorII. True or False1. Besides companies, there are also other social organizations which should present financial statements in a particular period. ( )2. The most challenging aspect of tax accounting is not the preparation of an income tax return but rather tax planning. ( )3. Management accounting information often includes evaluations of “nonfinancial” factors, such as political considerations, the possible effects of various actions upon the environment. ( )4. A balance sheet shows the financial position by indicating the resources that it owes, the debts that it owns, and the amount of the owners equity in the business.( )5. A company’s fiscal year is often longer than the calendar year in order to better correspond with its business.Ⅲ.choices1.In the modern capitalist system, most government require ____ companies to issue a set of document each year called financial statement.A. public-tradedB. publicly-tradedC. public tradedD. publicly traded.2. ____ has often been called the language of business.A. auditB. accountancyC. accountingD. auditing3. The income statement indicates the ____ of the business over the preceding year.A. profitabilityB. profitC. costD. expense4. The operating expense are typically classified into ____ and administrative expense.A. purchaseB. sellC. sellingD. purchasing5. _____ is the amount of money remaining after all expense have been subtracted from all revenues. A. Net income B. Assets C. Liabilities D. Owner’s equity6. Reform conform ____ the interest of Chinese people. A. to B. in C. for D. with7. ____ sets GAAP in the United States. A. FASB B. FAF C. GASB D. GAO8. ____ requires to record when revenue is realized or realizable and earned, not when cash is received. A. The historical cost principle B. The revenue recognition principleC. The matching principleD. The full disclosure principle9.____ is the interest of the owners in an enterprise .A. AssetsB. LiabilitiesC. Owner’s equityD. Debit10. Current assets are the assets reasonably expected to be converted into cash or used in the current operation of the business. Examples are____A. cash, notes payableB. inventory, accounts payableC. cash, prepaid expenseD. inventory, notes receivableIV.ReadingPassage 1Little has been said about foreign trade. Yet growth in most economies is very much dependent upon imports and the ability to export in order to pay for imports. The fact that some economies recovered relatively quickly from World War Ⅱand grew much more rapidly in the postwar period than others has stimulated a great deal of comparative analysis in growth theory. The exceptionally high growth rates in Japan and Germany compared to the general balance of payments crises experienced by Britain and the lack of such crises in Germany. During a boom, as incomes rise the demand for imports will rise also as a natural feature of prosperity. But if exports do not also rise at the same time, the authorities may be forced to take fiscal or monetary counter-measures and slow down the economy in an effort to bring imports and exports back into balance, Or exports may fail to grow sufficiently because labor costs are rising very rapidly and pushing up prices of exports faster than in competing countries.A policy of encouraging growth has the effect of keeping the demand for imports high and making labor markets tight, thereby tending to push up money wage rates. At the same time, such a policy also tends to encourage innovations and investment projects that are very productive, particularly if the demand pressures are sustained. A“stop”policy naturally has just the opposite effects, both good and bad from the point of view of a country’s balance of payments. The question is which policy will in the long run result in less rapidly rising costs and prices. Many writers have argued that if demand pressures are maintained the response or adjustment of productivity and therefore of supply to these pressures will be such that the country will soon find itself in a more competitive position. Running an economy “flat out”, however, is likely to cause a short- imbalance of payments crisis and lead to devaluation of currency.The economic policies seem hard to be determined for a certain society. So many policies have been tried and tested, but usually they had to be abandoned eventually because most of them end up with obscure results. The economic factors are very complex and interacting, it is hard to know what policy will lead to what result.1.The second paragraph is primarily about------[A]the imbalance of payments[B]the rising costs for exports[C]the policies concerning balance of payments[D]prosperity and economic growth2. The phrase “flat out” in the last sentence of this passage most probably means------[A]exhaustedly [B]generally[C]at maximum speed [D]encouragingly3. According to this passage, we can safely infer that -------[A]Japan and Germany share the problems with Britain in encouraging export[B]An encouraging policy will not work without enough demand pressure[C]A “flat out” policy will in the long run solve all the problems[D] A “stop” policy is likely to lead to devaluation of currency4. According to author, which effects should be expected of a perfect policy?[A] Encouraging innovation and investment [B] Stabilizing costs and prices[C] Keeping a steady currency value [D] all the effects abovePassage twoIt never rains but it pours. Just as bosses and boards have finally sorted out their w orst accounting and compliance troubles，and improved their feeble corporation governanc e，a new problem threatens to earn them- especially in America-the sort of nasty headlin es that inevitably lead to heads rolling in the executive suite：data insecurity. Left，unti l now，to odd，low-level IT staff to put right，and seen as a concern only of data-ric h industries such as banking，telecoms and air travel，information protection is now hig h on the boss's agenda in businesses of every variety.Several massive leakages of customer and employee data this year- from organizations as diverse as Time Warner，the American defense contractor Science Applications Intern ational Corp and even the University of California. Berkeley-have left managers hurriedly peering into their intricate 11 systems and business processes in search of potential vulner abilities.“Data is becoming an asset which needs no be guarded as much as any other asset.”says I am Mendelson of Stanford University's business school “The ability guard custome r data is the key to market value，which the board is responsible for on behalf of share holders” Indeed，just as there is the concept of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles （GAAP）. perhaps it is time for GASP. Generally Accepted Security Practices，suggest ed Eli Noam of New York's Columbia Business School. “Setting the proper investment le vel for security，redundancy，and recovery is a management issue，not a technical one.”he says.The mystery is that this should come as a surprise to any boss. Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest exccutive that trust，that most valuable of economic assets，is e asily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore-and that few things are more likely to des troy trust than a company letting sensitive personal data get into the wrong hands.The current state of affairs may have been encouraged-though not justified-by the lac k of legal penalty （in America，but not Europe）for data leakage. Until California rec ently passed a law. American firms did not have to tell anyone，even the victim，when data went astray，I hat may change fast lots of proposed data-security legislation now d oing the rounds in Washington. D.C. Meanwhile. the theft of information about some 40 million credit-card accounts in America，disclosed on June 17th. overshadowed a hugely i mportant decision a day earlier by America's Federal Trade Commission （FTC）that put s corporate America on notice that regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.1. The statement：“It never rains but it pours” is used to introduce[A] the fierce business competition.[B] the feeble boss-board relations[C] the threat from news reports.[D] the severity of data leakage.2. According to Paragraph 2，some organizations check their systems to find out[A] whether there is any weak point.[B] what sort of data has been stolen.[C] who is responsible for the leakage.[D] how the potential spies can be located.3 . In bringing up the concept of GASP the author is making the point that[A] shareholders interests should be properly attended to.[B] information protection should be given due attention.[C] businesses should enhance their level of accounting security.[D] the market value of customer data should be emphasized.4. According to Paragraph 4，what puzzles the author is that some bosses fail to[A] see the link between trust and data protection.[B] perceive the sensitivity of personal data.[C] realize the high cost of data restoration.[D] appreciate the economic value of trust.5. It can be inferred from Paragraph 5 that[A] data leakage is more severe in Europe.[B] FTC's decision is essential to data security.[C] California takes the lead in security legislation.[D] legal penalty is a major Solomon to data leakage.V.ClozeFill in the blanks with the words below in their right forms.column; balance; part; mean; interval; trust; transfer; twofold; enter; abide The basic principle of double entry bookkeeping is that every transaction has a __1__ effect. In other words, a value is received and a value is yielded or __2__with. Both effects, which are equal in amount, must be entered completely in the bookkeeping records.__3__ by this principle, all transactions affect at least two accounts. Each transaction must be analyzed to determine which accounts are affected, and whether they should be increased or decreased. An entry made on the left hand side or __4__ of an account is called a debit, while an entry made on the right hand side is called a credit. Debit, usually abbreviated DR, at one time __5__ value received, or literally he owes. Credit, usually abbreviated CR, indicates value parted with, or literally he __6__, in modern bookkeeping, debit refers only to the left-hand side of account, whereas credit refers to the right-hand side. Some bookkeepers use a far right-hand column to keep an up-to-date __7__ of the account.In double-entry bookkeeping, a book in which both the debit side and the credit side of the transaction are __8__ is called a journal, while another book used to list all the accounts of an organization is called a ledger. Entries from the journal are __9__ to the ledger at regular __10__, usually monthly. This process is called posting.Key 7 accoutingfinancial analysisBalance SheetStatement of Owner’s Equityfinancial accountingtax accountingCPA (Certificate Public Accountant)accounting systeminternal auditinglong-term liabilitiesnet income财务报表损益表现金流量表管理会计财务会计准则委员会公认会计原则边际利润应收票据应付账款债权人和债务人T TT F FKey1-5 B C A C A6-10 D A B C CⅤReadingC C B DDABADKey: twofold; parted; abiding; column; meant; trusts; balance; entered; transferred; intervalsUnit 8 marketingI. TranslationMarketing Concept 目标市场integrated marketing 营销组合macro marketing environment 顾客价值credit terms 市场份额personal selling 产品策略sales promotion 定价策略product life cycle 营销渠道segmentation 盈利率II. True or False (10mins, 1×10 points)(1)Marketing is advertisements in magazines or on television, or a salespersonpushing products.(2)Marketing is not only a phenomenon for study, but also a field of study.(3)Marketing functions are performed only by business firms.(4)The marketing concept is focus on factory, products, selling and promoting,profits through sales volumes.(5)Marketing is the process of planning and executing the conception, pricing,promotion, and distribution of ideas, goods, services to create exchanges that satisfy individual and organizational objectives.(6)A new product has a process of development, introduction, growth, maturity, anddecline. The sales keep on increasing in the whole process.(7)Pricing objectives mainly include profit oriented, sales oriented, status quooriented.(8)Penetration strategy is designed for new products pricing high to make maximumprofit and skim the “cream”of the market.(9)Sales Promotion can stimulate quick increases in sales for short term, butcustomers may get used to the effect over the long-term.(10)W e usually segment market in different ways, such as Geographic, Demographic,Psychographic, Behavioralistic.III. Choices1. ____ is the set of marketing tools that the firm uses to pursue its marketingobjectives in the target marketA. Marketing MixB. Marketing EnvironmentC. Marketing ChannelD. Marketing Concept2.___ is a kind of Marco Marketing Environment forceA. Management structuresB. Management philosophiesC. Buyer’s powerD. Political Environment3.____ is the sum of the physical, psychological, and sociological satisfactions thebuyer’s derives from purchase, ownership and consumption.A. ProductionB. ProductC. PriceD. Promotion4. In physical distribution, ____ is the final destination of a marketing channel.。