Britain history 1
英国历史
the war of the Roses(85)
House of York , 约克王朝 white rose House of Lancaster , red rose 兰开斯特王朝
Commercial-minded gentry in the South
backward landowners in the North and West
• 3 Glorious Revolution 1688 the beginning of capitalism • 4 Enclosure 圈地运动
• 5 Industrialization 世界工厂
The English Renaissance
1 Humanism
2 the hero Ben Johnson , William Shakespeare John Donne , John Milton
封建时代以前
2 3
Anglo-Saxon period 盎格鲁－撒克逊人 The Norman Conquest
Duke of Normandy was crowned . A new dynasty
封建时代
• 1 Plantagenet Dynasty 金雀花王朝 • Geoffrey Chaucer Spread by rat fleas killed 1.5 million • 2 the Great Charter 大宪章 (1215) for the lack of manpower , grain farming • the basis of the modern English became less popular while many constitution lords turned to sheep farming . • 3 the Hundred Years’ War(1337-1453) • England VS France • 4 the Black Death • • 5 the war of the Roses
Great-Britain---History大不列颠历史解析教学提纲
– Language (alphabet)
Anglo-Saxon Times (410-871 A.D.)
• Who were the Anglo-Saxons?
– Germanic Tribes – Spoke what is now known as “Old
– Romans built Hadrian’s Wall to keep back revolting tribes in Scotland
• How did the Romans influence British society?
– Roman occupation lasted for almost 350 years
– Different tribes lacked unity, divided into many different kingdoms
– Finally united against Vikings in 8th Century
– Language contributions – Brought Christianity to
• The Battle of Hastings was a war to decide who would be king.
• Harold, was from Wessex (Britain) • William the Conqueror, was from Normandy (France)
• Who won the Battle of Hastings?
– In 1066, William the Conqueror was the first Norman king – William introduced feudalism to Britain
英美国家概况之英国历史1
43 – 47AD 47 – 50AD 75 – 77AD
312AD
410AD
Conquest of the South London(Londinium)Founded
Roman Conquest of Britain completed
Christianity the official religion of the Empire
Third and final invasion
In 43 AD, Emperor Claudius, final and successful Roman invasion of Britain
Their homes in Italy were being attacked by ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱierce tribes and every soldier was needed
PREHISTORY
4000 BC – 43AD
4000 – 2000 BC Neolithic (New Stone) Age 2000 – 750 BC Bronze Age 750 BC – 43AD Iron Age
Neolithic (New Stone) Age
Farming people （Iberians） arrive from Europe Land is cleared, wheat and barley planted , and herds of domesticated sheep, cattle, and pigs raised
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland
HISTORY
Objectives
British_History 1 英语国家概况 英国历史相关
Stonehenge
It is the most famous prehistoric monument in Britain and is situated on Salisbury Plain in the county of Wiltshire. The Iberians began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each
• In the ninth century they conquered and settled the extreme north and west of Scotland, and also some coastal regions of Ireland.
• Their conquest of England was halted when they were defeated by King Alfred of the Saxon kingdom of Wessex. This resulted in an agreement in 878 which divided England between Wessex in the south and west, and the “Danelaw” in the north and east.
Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy (七国时代)
• The seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy, having occupied the lowland zones. – Jutes invasion: In 449, the Jutish chief became the king of Kent; – Anglo-Saxon Conquest: • Saxon : Essex, Sussex, Wessex; • Angles: East Anglia, Northumbria, Mercia ;
英国历史1
They left no written records and the only relic giving evidence of their existence were stone monuments, the biggest of which was Stonehenge （史前巨石群）.
0Early history（史前—43A.D.）
6. House of York 约克王朝1461~1485
7. House of Tudors(都铎王朝) 1485~1603
Religious reformation
8. The House of Stuart斯图亚特王朝 1603~1714
British Bourgeois Revolution
They were dark-haired and nomadic Stone Age (石器时 代)hunters, who raised themselves from savagery（原始状态， 野蛮人） onto the first step of the civilized life, taming（驯养） dogs, pigs, adopting the use of bronze and beginning farming.
Unit Two History—Lesson 3 A Brief History of the UK
Pushing into Scotland, The Romans built a gigantic wall, Hadrian's Wall, to control the frontier. The Romans also brought the new religion, Christianity, to Britain.
英语国家概况英国历史
Chapter Two History England in 878 A Brief History of the UKChapter Two History—A Brief History of the UK Elizabeth I A Brief History of the UK Objectives Starter Teaching Points Lesson Review Case Study Supplementary ReadingChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Objectives Acquire a general idea about the British history. Learn about the major stages and important figures in British history. Find out the influences of British history on other English speaking countries.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Starter Tell about the following pictures and the special period related to them.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK What a b cChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Stonehenge One of the wonders of the world which is believed to have been built from 4000 BC to 2000 BC. Now as a world heritage site Stonehenge and all its surroundings remain powerful witnesses to the once great civilizations of the Stone and Bronze Ages. Map showing the location of StonehengeChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Shakespeares Globe Theatre A theatre in London associated with William Shakespeare. It was built in 1599 by Shakespeares playing company the Lord Chamberlains Men and was destroyed by fire on June 29 1613. A second Globe Theatre was rebuilt on the same site by June 1614 and closed in 1642. Interior of the modern reconstructionExterior of the modern reproduction of the GlobeChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK King Arthur A legendary figure in the 5th century AD in British history. According to the legend Arthur gathered a company of knights who sat together at Arthur‘s castle. He created the famous ―round table‖ at which all would have equal right to be the king sense of democracy. H e united the British and with his magical sword Excalibur drove the Saxons back. adanno dominiin the year of our lord from Greek The Lady of the Lake gives Excalibur to King Arthur Statue of King ArthurChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Teaching Points A BRIEF HISTORY OF THE UKChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pre-reading: Give a brief introduction of the historic periods of the UK by referring to the following chart. Pre-Celtic Period Celtic Age and Roman Invasion 1500BC-410AD Anglo-Saxon Britain Viking raids维京海盗突袭）and Norman invasion 410-1066 Norman Rule 1066-1381 Transition to the Modern Age 1455-1688 Rise and Fall of the British Empire 1688-1945Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Historic Time Major Incidents Periods Roman Period 43—410 Christianity was brought to Britain Norman Rule 1066—1381 Magna Carta Black Death Transition to 1455—1688 The War of Roses English Renaissance Modern Age Rise of British 1688—1900 Industrial Revolution Colonial Expansion Empire Fall of British WWI WWII 1914—1945 Empire Great DepressionChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pre-Celtic Period Celtic Age and Roman Invasion 1500BC －410AD The first Celtic tribes the Gaels（苏格兰高地的居民）came to the British Isles between 800 and 700 BC. Two centuries later the Brythons（居住在不列颠的凯尔特人）or ancient Britons came from whom the country was called Britain. British-recorded history begins with the Roman invasion in 43AD under Claudius I Since then England and Wales had been a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Pushing into Scotland The Romans built a gigantic wall Hadrian‗s Wall to control the frontier，the northwestern boundary of the Roman Empire. The Romans also brought the new religion Christianity to Britain. The location of Hadrians Wall Hadrians WallChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK When the Roman Empire came under the repeated attacks from the Picts皮克特人）and Scots and the invasion of the Germanic Saxontribes the Roman army pulled out of Britain in 410 AD leading to the swift breakdown of Roman civilization. It is said that in the 5th century AD King Arthur united Britain and drove the Saxons out of the country with his magical sword Excalibur. King ArthurChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Anglo-Saxon Britain Viking raids and Norman invasion 410 －1066 Invaders of three Teutonic（日耳曼条顿人）tribes came to Britain in the mid-5th century. –firstly the Jutes（fishing and farming from southern Denmark in the mid-5th century –the Saxonsusers of short sword from northern Germany from the end of 5th century to the beginning of the 6th century –the Anglesnorthern Germany who came in the second half of the 6th century and who were to give their name to the English people. English the language of the Angles replace the old celtic and the country became known as England meaning the land of UKChapter Two History— A Brief History of the the Angles Alfred the Great By 850AD the country was under sustained attacks from Norwegian Viking raids. The Saxon king Alfred the Great also known as ―Father of the British Navy‖ gradually pushed the Vikings northwards and eventually into the sea. By 955 Alfred‘s grandson Ethelred ruled over Eadred a united England and the government became centralized.Chapter Two History—A Brief History of the UK Viking invasions renewed till 1066 when King Harold marched north and won a victory over the Vikings. On October 1066 William of Normandy known as ―William the Conqueror‖ defeated Harold‘s army and crowned himself William I in London on Christmas Day 1066 becoming the first Norman king of William the Conqueror England.Chapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK This period can be characterised as a transition from a tribal to feudal society. TheAnglo-Saxons brought their own Teutonic religion to Britain. The names Tuesday Wednesday Thursday and Friday respectively derive from their gods. — Tiu—god of war — Woden—king of heaven — Thor—god of storms — Freya—goddess of peace Christianity almost disappeared until 597 when Pope Gregory I of Roman came to England and began to convert the heathen 异教徒）English to Christianity. Pope Gregory IChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Norman Rule 1066 －1381 Under William the Conqueror the feudal system was completely established. — He confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. — He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. — Relations with the Continents were opened. — Norman French culture language manners Priory Church and architecture were introduced. — The church was kept completely under the control of the king. — The Norman culture flowered on the English soil. — Monasteries formed the new cultural centers. Monastic CommunityChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK Economic administrative and legal reforms from Henry II the first king of the House of Plantagenet: —abolishing the annual land tax —strengthening the king‘s Court and extending its judicial work —reforming certain abuses in Church Henry II government by restricting the power of the archbishopChapter Two History— A Brief History of the UK。
英国早期-中世纪史-C5-P1
Part OneThe Early and Medieval HistoryAs a multi-national country, Britain has gone through several conquests, which laid a foundation for the progress of the British people. What are the historical conquests and the significance of them in British history? Try to get the information from the materials available.The Native Celts and the Roman ConquestAs there is no actual written history about the origin of the earliest natives in Britain, the Celts were taken as the early natives in British history. Their languages were assimilated into the English language and served as the origin of the Scots and Welsh languages. The Celtic tribes migrated from northwestern Europe to the British Isles from about 750 B.C.in search for empty land, living in a primitive society. They became the ancestors of the Scots, the Irish, and the Welsh, and created their own civilization known as the historical Stonehenge.In 55 B.C., Julius Caesar commanded the Roman army to invade Britain. This invasion is the well-known Roman Conquest which lasted nearly a century and marked the beginning of the recorded history in Britain. The Romans didn't succeed in conquering what is now England by driving the native Celts into the mountainous Scotland and Wales until 43 A.D.. But they never conquered the whole nation because of the natives' resistance in the mountainous areas.The Romans introduced their own civilization into England by building baths and temples, draining marshes, cultivating land, and clearing away forests. They also introduced the system of governing, with an intention to transform England into a slavery society. What's more, the Roman traders and soldiers brought their own religion-Christianity to Britain.Although England became a part of the Roman Empire, and even some of the native people served as slaves of the Romans, the Roman influence upon Britain was too limited to change the language and customs of the ordinary nativepeople. Only the English upper classes were organized to become Roman landlords and officials. With the decline of the Roman Empire, the Romans had to withdraw from England to fight against the Germanic invasion in 410 A.D., which ended the Roman occupation.117 ADThe Anglo-Saxon ConquestAfter the Romans left, three groups of Germanic tribes from the European continent came to England in succession: the Angles, the Saxons, and the Jutes. The Angles and Saxons began to invade the British Isles in 450 A.D., but encountered fierce resistance of the Celts. Half a century later, the Celts were slaughtered or made slaves or driven to the mountainous areas in northern and western Britain or assimilated by the invaders. As the Scots in the mountainous areas began to plunder the native Britons in England who were defenseless without the protection and control of the Romans, the Jutes were invited by the English King to help him drive out the Scots. But the Jutes refused to leave and stayed in England when the war was over. This well-known movement in history is called the Anglo-Saxon Conquest. Their language is what we call the Old English or the Anglo-Saxon language. They also introduced their own Teutonic religion, which practiced multi-gods, to England. Moreover, the Anglo-Saxons carried out the village system in which the arable land was fairly distributed among the villagers. Such concept of equality started the process of feudalism in Britain. By the early 7th century, the Angles, Saxons and the Jutes from north Germany settled and established seven kingdoms in England for lack of unity and were trapped in wars with each other for about 200 years, which is known as the Heptarchy in British history.The Viking InvasionsThe Vikings from Norway, Denmark, and Scandinavia began to attack the northeast coast of Britain for farming land and settlement in the late 8th century. England became a unified country after 300 years' resistance against the Vikings, especially the Danes. The English King Alfred, noted for his defense of the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of southern England against the Vikings, became the only one to be accorded the epithet "the Great". The Anglo-Saxons in the period of Alfred the Great finally defeated the Vikings in the mid 900s. Alfred the Great built a naval force and reorganized the land army to fight against the Danes. But the Danes were too strong to be thoroughly driven out of England, Alfred the Great had to allow them to keep the eastern part of England by compromise, but forced the Danes to accept Christianity. As the first national hero, Alfred the Great also presented his greatness in the period of peace. He attached great importance to education and religion by establishing schools and repairing churches, especially to the Latin culture. He made a notable contribution to literature because his writings and translations have been taken as the beginning of prose in Britain.The Norman ConquestIn the 9th century, the Normans, belonging to the same ethnic group as the Danes, began to ravage the northern coast of France. Finally the French king had to make an agreement by giving them a piece of land in the northern part of France, but forced them to accept the Christian religion, just as the English King Alfred had done before. Their country was then named Normandy. When the English King Edward died in 1066, many claimants scrambled for the English throne. Finally William, the Duke of Normandy, succeeded in conquering England and was crowned in Westminster Abbey. So William, known as the Conqueror, became the first Anglo-Norman King of England. This is the well-known Norman Conquest in British History.The Norman Conquest had a huge influence on Britain. It enhanced the process of the British feudalism. In the feudal society, the nobles received theirland from the King,to whom they were bound to be loyal and to pay certain duties.Actually the King became the ultimate owner of the land. After the con-quest of England, William the Conqueror distributed the lands to the Norman followers in order to secure his own authority. The Normans became the upper class, while the Anglo-Saxons turned into the lower class. What's more important, he centralized the power of the monarch by granting the Norman nobles several pieces of land in different parts of the country instead of a large piece, but retained most of the Old English customs of governing. Introducing French culture to England, the Normans intermingled with the Anglo-Saxons. Therefore, the English language kept its own structure, while adopted French words and terms employed by the Normans. As the last invasion of England, the Norman Conquest in 1066 marked the beginning of the period of Middle English.。
英国历代王朝及国王列表伊丽莎白
1. Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603)2. 伊丽莎白(7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603)3. All Queens of England4. 英国历代王朝及国王列表Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603)Elizabeth I (7 September 1533 – 24 March 1603) was Queen of England and Queen of Ireland from 17 November 1558 until her death. Sometimes called The Virgin Queen, Gloriana, or Good Queen Bess, Elizabeth was the fifth and last monarch of the T udor dynasty. The daughter of Henry VIII, she was born a princess, but her mother, Anne Boleyn, was executed three years after her birth, and Elizabeth was declared illegitimate. Her brother, Edward VI, cut her out of the succession. His will, however, was set aside, and in 1558 Elizabeth succeeded her half-sister, the Catholic Mary, during whose reign she had been imprisoned for nearly a year on suspicion of supporting Protestant rebels.Elizabeth set out to rule by good counsel,［1］and she depended heavily on a group of trusted advisers led by William Cecil, Baron Burghley. One of her first moves as queen was to support the establishment of an English Protestant church, of which she became the Supreme Governor. This Elizabethan Religious Settlement held firm throughout her reign and later evolved into today's Church of England. It was expected that Elizabeth would marry, but despite several petitions from parliament, she never did. The reasons for this choice are unknown, and they have been much debated. As she grew older, Elizabeth became famous for her virginity, and a cult grew up around her which was celebrated in the portraits, pageants and literature of the day.In government, Elizabeth was more moderate than her father and siblings.［2］One of her mottoes was video et taceo: "I see, and say nothing".［3］This strategy, viewed with impatience by her counsellors, often saved her from political and marital misalliances. Though Elizabeth was cautious in foreign affairs and only half-heartedly supported a number of ineffective, poorly resourced military campaigns in the Netherlands, France and Ireland, the defeat of the Spanish armada in 1588 associated her name forever with what is popularly viewed as one of the greatest victories in English history. Within 20 years of her death, she was being celebrated as the ruler of a golden age, an image that retains its hold on the English people. Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era, famous above all for the flourishing of English drama, led by playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Christopher Marlowe, and for the seafaring prowess of English adventurers such as Francis Drake and John Hawkins.Historians, however, tend to be more cautious in their assessment. They often depict Elizabeth as a short-tempered,［4］sometimes indecisive ruler,［5］who enjoyed more than her share of luck. T owards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity to the point where many of her subjects were relieved at her death. Elizabeth is, however, acknowledged as a charismatic performer and a dogged survivor, in an age when government was ramshackle and limited and when monarchs in neighbouring countries faced internal problems that jeopardised their thrones. Such was the case with Elizabeth's rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, whom she imprisoned in 1568 and eventually had executed in 1587. After the short reigns of Elizabeth's brother and sister, her 44 years on the throne provided valuable stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity.［2］姓名：伊丽莎白国籍：英国生卒年：公元1533～1603年出生地：英国格林威治性别：女特长：政治、语言历史评价英国历史上著名的女王，她在位期间，是英国专制统治的极强盛时期。
英国历史
Major English-Speaking Countries: An Introduction
Major English-Speaking Countries: An Introduction
Influence of the Norman Conquest
A firmly established feudal system The beginning of Middle English. A much stronger control over the country by the Rome-backed Catholic Church French as the official language (coexistence of three languages: French, Latin and Old English) Numerous contacts between England and France
Major English-Speaking Countries: An Introduction
The Anglo-Saxon Invasion
Major English-Speaking Countries: An Introduction
Heptarchy （七国乱战）
1.
2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
News of the Week
Major English-Speaking Countries: An Introduction
Presentation
Major English-Speaking Countries: An Introduction
Tasks of the Day
British History 英国历史
King Arthur
• Celtic Hero • Hold back the advances of the Anglo-Saxons
Knights of Round Table
Sir Lancelot
Heptarchy
诺森伯里亚 (Northumbria)， 麦西亚(Mercia)， 东盎格利亚(East Anglia)， 韦塞克斯(Wessex)，
Stonehenge
most famous prehistoric monument in Britain The Iberians began building Stonehenge about 5,000 years ago, dragging each stone into place.
30
WilliamⅠ
Robert
WilliamⅡ
HenryⅠ
daughter
daughter
son
Stephen
HenryⅡ
Henry Ⅰ
1 worked verry hard. 2.defeated his brother in France and imprisioned him for life. 3. his heir was drowned in the water . 4. his nephew took away the throne
daughter
daughter
son
Stephen
HenryⅡ
William Ⅱ 1. cruel ruler 2. Never married (gay) 3. unusual death (shot in the heart with an arrow)
英国早期历史
Anglo-Saxon
• King Arthur（亚瑟王传奇） —The Knights of the round table （圆桌骑士）
•
Feudal rule(诸侯割据) —Northumbria(诺森伯利亚) Mercia(麦西亚) Wessex(威塞克斯）
Prehistory（史前史） （史前史）
• 石器时代
—Stonehenge（巨石阵)
• 凯尔特人的迁徙
—the Bronze Age(青铜时代) the Iron Age(铁器时代) • End of Prehistory (终结) —the invasion of Rome (罗马入侵)
The age of Chaucer（乔叟时代） （乔叟时代）
• Major works （主要作品）： 主要作品）：
——The Canterbury Tales （《坎特伯雷故事集》）
The age of Chaucer（乔叟时代） （乔叟时代）
The Rule Of William
• • The Domesday Book 《末日审判书》 The Bayeux Tapestry 贝叶挂毯
After The Norman Conquest
100% 80% 60% 40% 20%
80% Old English
哥特式教堂
Wars of the Roses (玫瑰战争 玫瑰战争) 玫瑰战争
• 英国House of Lancaster (兰开斯特王朝)和House of York (约克王朝)的支持者之间为了英格兰王位的断续内战。 • lasted more than one hundred years
英国国家历史[1]
![英国国家历史[1]](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/e6314763a417866fb84a8e37.png)
Transition to the Modern Age （1485-1688）
Renaissanc e
William Shakespeare
A Midsummer Night's Dream
Othello Hamlet
Henry VIII's Religious Reformation
• In16th century the religious reform stated by Henry the Vlll of England marked the beginning of the movement for national independence and the establishment of an autocracy. • Through the Reformation, the conflict of the kingship and the Church became into that between the kings who were on behalf of the Catholicism and the Parliament who was the Protestantism. • The Reformation had further effect on the development of British constitutionalism later.
The Age of Empire （1689-1901）
Industrial Revolution
Spinning Jenny
The Industrial on
Industrial Revolution in Britain first started in its age-old wool textile industry. In the mid-1750s, Britain enjoyed all conditions that would favour adoption of new devices and efficient methods of production in the industry. Within half a century, a number of key inventions came into being, greatly accelerating the speed of production.To sustain large-scale machine production and greater economic specialisation, steam was used for stronger power ,
英国历史
The Historical Flag
When King James VI of Scotland ascended to the English throne, thereby becoming James I of England, the national flags of England and Scotland on land continued to be.
History
•4000 - 1500 BC •1500 BC - 43 AD •43 AD - 410 AD stone age man, the first farmers, Stonehenge
the age of hill forts and the Celts Roman Britain, they came, they saw, they conquered the Romans left, the Anglo Saxons arrived, the Normans conquered
by Graham Bartram Flag adopted 1 January 1801
Flagś crosses
The Union Jack/Flag includes the Cross of St. George (England), the Cross of St. Andrew (Scotland) and the Cross of St. Patrick (Ireland).
The best known Queen:
Queen Elizabeth I Elizabeth gave the name to a golden age of poets, statesmen and adventurers. Known as the Virgin Queen, or Gloriana.
British_History 1 英语国家概况 英国历史相关
5. The Romans left behind on Britain three things of value, they are ______, the _________ and _______, especially ________.
• The Romans remained in Britain from 43 BC to 410 AD, almost four hundred years (four centuries). They imposed their own way of life and culture. And they brought Christianity to England.
III. Anglo-Saxon Britain & Danish Invasion
450, 3 Teutonic groups, Heptarchy, King Arthur and his knights of the Round Table
Viking Britain, 793, King Alfred, the Great
Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy (七国时代)
• The seven principal kingdoms of Kent, Essex, Sussex, Wessex, East Anglia, Mercia and Northumbria have been given the name of Heptarchy, having occupied the lowland zones. – Jutes invasion: In 449, the Jutish chief became the king of Kent; – Anglo-Saxon Conquest: • Saxon : Essex, Sussex, Wessex; • Angles: East Anglia, Northumbria, Mercia ;
英国发展史英文
英国发展史英文如下：Britain has a long history of development, which can be traced back to the Palaeolithic Age. After the emergence of Neolithic culture, Britain gradually formed its own unique civilization. However, due to the influence of the Romans and other factors, the native British civilization was gradually replaced by the Roman civilization.After the Roman withdrawal from Britain, the Anglo-Saxons began to migrate to Britain and gradually formed their own culture. At this time, there were many tribes in Britain, which led to many bloody struggles and battles. After the Saxons and other invaders were assimilated, Britain gradually formed a unified Anglo-Saxon civilization.With the rise of the Christian religion in Britain, it became a Christian country. The Viking invasion in the ninth century brought some changes to Britain, but it was not very significant. After the Norman Conquest in 1066, Britain underwent a series of changes, which was influenced by the Norman culture and formed its own unique Norman civilization.During the Middle Ages, Britain's economy was mainly based on agriculture and trade. The industrial revolution in the 18th century was the turning point for Britain's development. It changed Britain from an agricultural country to an industrial power. After the industrial revolution, Britain became the world's first superpower and played a leading role in international affairs.In modern times, Britain's economy and politics have undergone many changes. Although it has lost its superpower status, Britain still has a significant influence in international affairs. Its culture, education and science and technology are also well-known around the world.In short, Britain's history is a long and complex process of development, which has undergone many changes and transformations. It has gradually formed its own unique culture, economy, politics and other aspects of modern society, becoming an influential country in the world.。
英国发生过的战争英语作文
英国发生过的战争英语作文Once upon a time, in the land of tea and crumpets, there was a series of skirmishes that would make even the moststoic of knights blush. The British Isles, a place known for its rich history and penchant for a good cuppa, has seen its fair share of battles and wars. Let's take a whimsical stroll down memory lane, shall we?In the mists of time, there was a little dust-up known as the War of the Roses. Picture this: two families, the House of Lancaster and the House of York, both with a flair for drama and a penchant for wearing their house colors. They duked it out for the throne, with the Lancastrians donning red and the Yorks flaunting white. It was like a medieval fashion show, but with swords. And blood. Lots of blood.Then there was the War of the Spanish Armada, where the English, with their swashbuckling spirit, took on the mighty Spanish fleet. It was a battle of the bulge, with the Spanish boasting a massive armada, and the English, well, they had a bit of help from the weather. It was like a pirate movie, but with less treasure and more rain.Skipping a few centuries, we arrive at the Napoleonic Wars, where Britain and France had a bit of a tiff. Napoleon Bonaparte, the short-yet-mighty emperor, tried to take over Europe, but the Brits were having none of it. It was like a game of chess, but with real people and actual cannons.And who could forget the two World Wars? The 20th century saw the world in turmoil, and Britain was right in the thick of it. It was like a grand opera, with all the drama, intrigue, and heartbreak you'd expect, but with tanks and planes.Throughout these wars, the British have shown a knack for keeping their humor, even in the face of adversity. There's a story of a British soldier in World War II who, when asked if he was afraid, replied, "Afraid? Not me! I'm just a bit concerned about the chap who's going to have to clean up all this mess."So, there you have it—a brief, lighthearted romp through some of the wars that have shaped the history of Britain. Remember, history is best enjoyed with a pinch of salt and a dash of humor. And always, always, with a cup of tea in hand. Cheers!。
英语国家-英国概况教案07 British history
Lecture TenBritish HistoryI Before the Middle-agesThe Four Conquests❖The main nations: E, S, W, I;❖The early inhabitants: the Britons, were a tribe of Celts, a primitive people– no written language, but with words and sounds; civilization—stone hedge The Celtic language was partly preserved and assimilated into the English language.1. The Roman Conquest❖In 55B.C, Julius Cesar drove the native Celts to mountainous Scotland and Wales Towns, temples, theatres, fine buildings; roads and castles were built In 410 A.D., Romans retreated, ended their occupation in Britain.2. The Anglo-Saxon Conquest❖In the 5th century, Angles, Saxons and Jutes from Northern Europe invaded Britain. Three kingdoms were set up: Wessex, Essex, Sussex By the 7th century, the three kingdoms were united as England, their language – Anglo-Saxon is the old English Anglo-Saxon Influence❖Transition from tribal society into feudal society❖Influence of Northern mythology on the English language❖Monasteries and written books3. The Viking and Danish InvasionsAfter the death of Alfred, his successors recaptured the Danelaw. Danes resumed their attacks. King Ethelred wanted to pay to Danes for their leave, but in vain.4. The Norman Conquest❖8the to 9th Century, Danes began to settle, King Alfred the Great (849-901）❖1066, French-speaking Normans conquered England under William, the Conqueror.❖Feudalism was established in England, main classes: landlords and peasants❖Ruling class: nobleman, knights, bishops, archbishops;❖French civilization and Middle EnglishII The Middle Ages▪The Crusades▪The power of the Church•“Eternal damnation” and “excommunicating”▪The Magna Carta•King John▪The One Hundred Years War with France •Joan of ArcIII The 16th Century❖The Wars of the Roses❖The Changing Europe❖Henry VIII▪The Protestant Church❖Bloody Mary❖The Reign of Queen Elizabeth I▪Literature▪Adventure on the sea (Sir Francis Drake)▪The Gunpowder Plot (Guy Fawkes)IV The 17th Century❖The Civil War▪King Charles I & “Divine Right”▪“Roundheads” & “Cavaliers”❖The Restoration▪King Charles II▪King James II❖The Glorious RevolutionV The 18th CenturyVictory over France▪The Battle of Waterloo▪The Battle of Trafalgar❖The Industrial Revolution▪Invention of the steam engine▪Factories and coal-mines multiplied with big towns spring up▪Conflicts between labor and capital❖Loss of American colonies▪The “Pilgrim Fathers” and the ship Mayflower▪Declaration of IndependenceVI The 19th Century❖Reformation in Britain▪To overcome social problems▪To make Parliament more representative▪To improve local government and social services❖Progress in communications▪Railway network and steamship, telegraphy and electric telephone, electric lighting, electric trams, the Penny Post▪Victorian Age [the monarch from 1837 to 1901]VII The 20th CenturyA century of disturbance, riot, decline, and disgraceful failure▪Waking of the working classes▪The “suffragette” movement▪Trouble in Ireland▪The First World War•The once solid British Empire collapsed•The multi-lateral British Commonwealth of Nations▪The economic depression in the 1930s▪The Second World War•The Battle of Britain•Independence of most of the colonies•“second fiddle”▪The United Nations and the “three worlds”▪The “Cold War” between Russia and the West▪New discoveries and new techniques•Motor-car, the wireless, the airplane, nuclear war, space rockets, men on the moon, entertainment like gramophone, cinema, radio and television, etc.▪The “Welfare State” and the new “permissive society”Cultural Notes❖The Black Death : The modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. The disease spread through Europe in the 14th century, particularly in 1347—1350. It swept through England in the summer of 1348. It killed one half and one third of the population of England.❖Whigs: a derogatory name for cattle drivers and refers to those in Glorious Revolution who opposed absolute monarchy and supported right to religious freedom for nonconformists.❖Tories: an Irish word meaning thugs and refers to those who supported hereditary monarchyAssignment❖How did the Labor Party come into being?❖How did the English Industrial Revolution proceed?❖How do you think about land enclosures in England?❖What was the colonial expansion like in the 19th century England?。
uk history英国历史(英语国家概况)
– The Battle of Waterloo – The Battle of Trafalgar
中弹阵亡。
1815 1805，英军在这场海战中击败了拿破仑的
法国西班牙联合舰队,法国海军司令被俘虏,英国海军司令纳尔逊海军上将
• The Industrial Revolution
Bloody Mary
Elizabeth Ⅰ
Tudor Dynasty • Henry Ⅶ 1485--1509 • Henry Ⅷ 1509--1547 • Edward Ⅵ 1547--1553 • Mary 1553-1558 • Elizabeth Ⅰ 1558—1603
Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ
Back
The Black Death
• 3 plagues
• 在1348年，一场瘟疫 或者黑死病通过从亚 洲来的商人来到欧洲， 并被在那些商人的商 船里的老鼠传播开来。 黑死病在1348年到 1353年这短短的五年 时间里夺去了欧洲大 陆近三分之一的人口。
The 16th Century
• The Wars of the Roses • A New Monarchy • The Reformation Movement / Protestant Movement Bloody Mary The Reign of Queen Elizabeth I)
Return
The Crusades 十字军东征
• A series of wars (from 11th to 14th centuries) in which armies from all over Europe tried to snatch the “Holy Land” (i.e. Palestine, where Jesus Christ once lived) from the “Infidels”异教徒；不 信正统宗教者 (i.e. the Back Muslims).
英国历史简介英文
against the Anglo-Saxon invaders in the early 6th century
Viking(871-1042)
• Invasion time – In the late 8th
The last foreign invasion in England The best-known event in English history Duke William of Normandy, from northern
France William is often referred to as William the
Anglo-Saxon Britain (410-871)
Basis of Modern English race: the AngloSaxons
The Angle, Saxon, and Jute tribes invaded in 5th and 6th centuries
The Anglo-Saxons left their home in northern Germany and Denmark.
• British system of counting was adopted from the Danes. Like: dozen, penny, foot.
• Many names of English towns are borrowed from the Danes.
Norman Conquest
Conqueror. ������
On October 14, 1066
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组员：林银凤 丁玲洁 赵芳 俞少娟
• • • •
Roman Britain The Heptarchy Anglo-Saxon England The Kingdom of England
Roman Britain
• Roman Britain, referred to by the Romans as Britannia, was the part of the island of Great Britain controlled by the Roman Empire from 43 until c. 410. • The first extensive Roman campaigns in Britain were by the armies of Julius Caesar in 55 and in 54 BC,but the first significant campaign of conquest did not begin until AD 43, in the reign of the Emperor Claudius.
The Tudors(1485―1603)
King Henry Ⅶ(1485--1509) King HenryⅧ(1509--1547)
King Edward Ⅵ(1547--1553)
Jane Grey(1554) Queen MaryⅠ(Bloody Mary) (1553--1558)
Queen Ⅱ Anne Boleyn(1501/1507--1536)
As the Queen:1533-1536 Elizabeth I Tower of London
Ⅲ Jane Seymour(1508--1537)
As the Queen:1536-1537
Edward VI
ⅣAnne of Cleves(1515--1557)
The four main kingdoms in Anglo-Saxon England were: Wessex East Anglia Mercia Northumbria The other main kingdoms which were conquered by other entirely at some point in their history are: Kent
The Anglo-Normans
The Anglo-Normans were mainly the descendants of the Normans who ruled England following the Norman conquest by William the Conqueror in 1066. A small number of Normans were already settled in England prior to the conquest. Following the Battle of Hastings, the invading Normans and their descendants formed a distinct population in Britain, as Normans controlled all of England, parts of Wales (the CambroNormans) and, after 1130 parts of southern and eastern Scotland, following David I's conquest, and from 1169, vast swaths of Ireland (the Hiberno-Normans). Over time their language evolved from the continental Old Norman to the distinct Anglo-Norman language.
Religious reform
• henry's struggles with Rome ultimately led to the separation of the Church of England from papal authority, the Dissolution of the Monasteries,and establishing himself as the Supreme Head of the Church of England. • He religious ceremonies and rituals and suppressed the monasteries,while remaininga fervent believer core Catholic theological teachings,even after his excommunication from the Roman Catholic Churth.
The Kingdom of England
The kingdom of england was, from 927 to 1707, a sovereign state to the northwest of continental Europe. At its height, the Kingdom of England spanned the southern two-thirds of the island of Great Britain (including both modern-day England and Wales) and several smaller outlying islands.
Henry Ⅷ（1491--1547）
Henry Ⅷ(1509—1547)
Henry Ⅷ was a significant figure in the history of the English monarchy
Henry Ⅷ（1491--1547）
birthday:June 28, 1491 time of death:January 28, 1547 Main achievement:Religious
Nationality:Germany
As the Queen:1540--1540
the King's Beloved Sister
Ⅴ Catherine Howard (1520/1525?— --1542)
As the Queen:1540-1541 Die for adultery
Ⅵ Catherine Parr (1512--1548)
reform
profession:King of England,
Ireland Lord
Henry Ⅷ（1491--1547）
Six marriages
Religious reform
Later life
Ⅰ Catherine of Aragon(1485--1536)
As the Queen:15091533 “sister-in-law” Mary I
Anglo-Saxon England
Anglo-Saxon England refers to the period of the history of the part of Britain that became known as England, lasting from the end of Roman occupation and establishment of Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in the 5th century until the Norman conquest of England in 1066 by William the Conqueror. Anglo-Saxon is a general term referring to the Germanic peoples who came to Britain during the 5th and 6th centuries, including Angles, Saxons, Frisii and Jutes. The term also refers to the language spoken at the time in England, which is now called Old English, and to the culture of the era, which has long attracted popular and scholarly attention.
The first expedition, more a reconnaissance than a full invasion, gained a foothold on the coast of Kent but, undermined by storm damage to the ships and a lack of cavalry, was unable to advance further. The expedition was a military failure, but was at least a political success. The Roman Senate declared a 20-day public holiday in Rome in honour of the unprecedented achievement of obtaining hostages from Britain and defeating Belgian tribes on returning to the continent.
As the Queen:1543-1547 Famliy ; Four marriages
Religious reform