2020届 二轮总复习：第三讲 阅读理解3.8主旨大意(二)语篇主旨 课件
2020高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意类教学案
第3讲主旨大意类题型概述题型破解1 寻找主题句确定文章大意解题指导文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。
一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
考生速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video－grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.31．What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self－reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.解析 A 第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分别是第一段和第五段的主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反复出现的关键词“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般与主旨相关)，由此可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。
高考二轮英语重点难点突破精品 专题03 第三讲 主旨大意题 (阅读理解题型突破)
专题03 第三讲主旨大意题---阅读理解题型突破【考点解读】主旨大意题主要涉及记叙文、议论文和说明文。
话题广泛，如人物故事类、科普说明类、社会文化类等都可以考查主旨大意。
【命题方向】【设问方式】1.What is the text mainly about?2.What does the passage focus on?3.What message does the author convey in the text?4.What’s the best title of the passage?【选项特征】正确选项：1.范围恰当2.概括性强3.精准到位干扰项：1.以偏概全2.概括过度3.偷梁换柱4.无中生有【解题策略】【主题句定位策略】文章是由段落组成的。
段落的主题就是段落的中心思想，具体段落的中心思想又是为文章整体中心思想服务的。
理解整篇文章的中心思想的方法是建立在理解具体段落中心的基础上的。
找出每小段的主题句，各段的主题句常在该段的首句或尾句，各段主题句的整体归纳便是文章的中心思想。
有的文章无明显主题句，主题句隐含在段意之中，这就需要进一步加工概括。
观察全文的结构安排，理解文章的“重心”和支撑性细节。
用浏览法(skimming)，即快速阅读文首、文尾，或每段的首句和尾句等，搜索主题线索和主题信息的方法可以快速找到主题句。
以下是找主题句的四个小窍门：1．段落中出现表示转折的词语(如however, but, in fact, actually等)时，该句很可能是主题句。
2．首段出现疑问句时，对该问句的回答很可能就是文章主旨。
3．作者有意识地重复的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词。
4．表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, thus, in short, conclude, conclusion等词，通常是主旨。
【解题步骤】【解题步骤】标题正确项特点：1. 概括精准；2. 统领全文；新颖醒目标题干扰项特点：1. 以偏概全；2. 范围过大，超出文章内容3. 主观臆断，无中生有1.（2022年6月全国甲卷D篇）Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor. Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s,......He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.C. The key to Sydney’s development.D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.2.(2022年全国高考新高考I卷)......Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.34. What is paragraph 5 mainly about?A. Supporting evidence for the research results.B. Potential application of the research findings.C. A further explanation of the research methods.D. A reasonable doubt about the research process.3. (2022年全国高考新高考II卷)Over the last seven years, most states have banned texting by drivers, and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel.Yet the problem, by just about any measure, appears to be getting worse. Americans are still texting while driving, as well as using social networks and taking photos. Road accidents, which had fallen for years, are now rising sharply.That is partly because people are driving more, but Mark Rosekind, the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said distracted（分心）driving was "only increasing, unfortunately. ""Big change requires big ideas. " he said in a speech last month, referring broadly to the need to improve road safety. So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior, lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach: They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving.An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer. It would work like this: An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity. The technology could determine whether a driverhad just texted, emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York's hands-free driving laws."We need something on the books that can change people's behavio r,” said Félix W. Ortiz, who pushed for the state's 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers. If the Textalyzer bill becomes law, he said, "people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone. "8. Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers' texting in the US?A. Ineffective.B. Unnecessary.C. Inconsistent.D. Unfair.9. What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out?A. Where a driver came from.B. Whether a driver used their phone.C. How fast a driver was going.D. When a driver arrived at the scene.10. What does the underlined word "something" in the last paragraph refer to?A. Advice.B. Data.C. Tests.D. Laws.11. What is a suitable title for the text?A. To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You StartB. Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the TextalyzerC. New York Banning Hand-Held Devices by Drivers.D. The Next Generation Cell Phone: The Textalyzer-1.【福建省莆田第一中学2022-2023学年模拟】Elizabeth Spelke, a cognitive (认知的) psychologist at Harvard, has spent her career testing the world's most complex learning system-the mind of a baby. Babies might seem like no match for artificial intelligence (AI). They are terrible at labeling images, hopeless at mining text, and awful at video games. Then again, babies can do things beyond the reach of any AI. By just a few months old, they’ve begun to grasp the foundations of language, such as grammar. They’ve started to understand how to adapt to unfamiliar situations.Yet even experts like Spelke don’t understand precisely how babies — or adults, for that matter — learn. That gap points to a puzzle at the heart of modern artificial intelligence: We're not sure what to aim for.Consider one of the most impressive examples of AI, Alpha Zero, a programme that plays board games withsuperhuman skill. After playing thousands of games against itself at a super speed, and learning from winning positions, Alpha Zero independently discovered several famous chess strategies and even invented new ones. It certainly seems like a machine eclipsing human cognitive abilities. But Alpha Zero needs to play millions more games than a person during practice to learn a game. Most importantly, it cannot take what it has learned from the game and apply it to another area.To some AI experts, that calls for a new approach. In a November research paper, Francois Chollet, awell-known AI engineer, argued that it’s misguided to measure machine intelligence just according to its skills at specific tasks. “Humans don’t start out with skills; they start out with a broad ability to acquire new skills,” he says. “What a strong human chess player is demonstrating is not only the ability to play chess, but the potential to fulfill any task of a similar difficulty.” Chollet posed a set of problems, each of which requires an AI programme to arrange colored squares on a grid (格栅) based on just a few prior examples. It’s not hard for a person. But modern machine-learning programmes-trained on huge amounts of data — cannot learn from so few examples.Josh Tenenbaum, a professor in MIT's Center for Brains, Minds & Machines, works closely with Spelke and uses insights from cognitive science as inspiration for his programmes. He says much of modern AI misses the bigger picture, comparing it to a cartoon about a two-dimensional world populated by simple geometrical (几何形的) people. AI programmes will need to learn in new ways — for example, by drawing causal inferences rather than simply finding patterns. “At some point —you know, if you’re intellige nt — you realize maybe there's something else out there,” he says.32．Compared to an advanced AI programme, a baby might be better at _______________.A．labeling images B．identifying locationsC．playing games D．making adjustments33．What does the underlin ed word “eclipsing” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Stimulating. B．Measuring. C．Beating. D．Limiting.34．Both Francois Chollet and Josh Tenenbaum may agree that _______________.A．AI is good at finding similar patternsB．AI should gain abilities with less trainingC．AI lacks the ability of generalizing a skillD．AI will match humans in cognitive ability35．Which would be the best title for this passage?A．What is exactly intelligence?B．Why is modern AI advanced?C．Where is human intelligence going?D．How do humans tackle the challenge of AI?2.【湖北省高中名校联盟2022-2023学年高三试题】Thrown away electronics are piling up fast, pushing researchers to explore creative ways to reduce the resulting trash, known as e-waste. Now one team has crafted a water-activated disposable battery made of paper and other sustainable materials.The wires, screens and batteries that make up our devices are filling up landfills with dangerous pieces. “It’s these small batteries that are big problems,” says Dele Ogunseitan from University of California, “Nobody really pays attention to where they end up.”Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (EMPA) are working to address this overlooked problem. This week they published a paper describing a new water-activated paper battery which could eventually present a sustainable alternative to the more harmful batteries that are common inlow-power devices.After trying hundreds of formulations for the different components, the scientists settled on a graphite ink to make the cathode (负极), a zinc ink for the anode (正极) and salt-infused paper to create the electrolyte (电解液) . When the paper is dry. the battery is shelf-stable. Add just a couple of drops of water, however, and the salt dissolves, allowing electrons to flow. After the paper is wet, it takes about 20 seconds for the battery to activate. At that point, it produces a stable 1. 2 volts of electricity until the paper dries out. When the researchers rewet the paper, the battery produced 0. 5 volt for more than an hour.Although the researchers demonstrated that their battery could power an alarm clock, disposable paper batteries are unlikely to replace standard AA batteries on store shelves. However, Gustav Nystrom, senior author of the study, pictures a future where these batteries are inserted in environmental sensors, ideally with other sustainable components such as screens and packaging. Nystrom says he is in contact with potential industry partners and believes these batteries could make their way into products within the next two to five years.Crucially, Nystrom says his team created the battery without compromising on sustainability criteria. “This is work that really starts with the development of sustainable materials, ”he explains. From there, he says, “I think we were able to create something that is quite useful. ”43．What does “this overlooked problem” refer to in paragraph 3?A．People have no idea where e-waste goes.B．There are no innovative ways to reduce e-waste.C．People do not take seriously the batteries inside e-waste.D．Large quantities of electronic devices are being thrown away.44．What is paragraph 4 mainly about?A．How the paper battery works. B．What the paper battery features.C．How the paper battery is applied. D．What the paper battery is composed of.45．What can we infer about the paper battery according to the passage?A．It is novel but costly. B．It is delicate and powerful.C．It can’t power all devices.D．It has gained a large market share.46．Which of the following might be the best title?A．Paper battery just add water B．Paper battery-replace standard onesC．Paper battery -a mainstream product D．Paper battery -the solution to pollution3.【湖南省长沙市长郡中学2022-2023学年高三测试】It isn’t just the beauty of vast natural wonders like th e Grand Canyon that can take your breath away. You can find awe in everyday things. A new research, published in the journal Emotion, found that older adults who took “awe walks” felt more positive emotions in their daily lives.In the study, 52 older adults aged 60 to 90 were divided randomly into two groups. They were told to take at least one 15-minute walk each week for eight weeks. V olunteers in the “awe group” were instructed in how to inspire awe as they walked. “We asked them to try to see the world with fresh eyes—to take in new details of a leaf or flower, for example,” Sturm says. For example, one participant from the awe group wrote about “the beautiful fall colors and how the leaves were no longer crunchy(嘎吱响) underfoot because of the rain”—the wonder that small children feel as they embrace their expanding world. However, people in the other group were less focused on the world around them. One participant wrote, “I thought about our vacation in Hawaii next Thursday.”In addition, participants were asked to take selfies(自拍) in the beginning, middle, and end of each walk. Researchers found that participants who took awe walks showed a “small self”, in that they filled less of their photographs with their own image and more with the background scen ery. “When we feel awe, our attention shifts from focusing on ourselves to focusing on the world around us, ” Sturm says. “ Awe affects our social relationships because it helps us to feel more connected with the world, universe, and other people.”Their sm iles also grew broader by the end of the study. “We analyzed the intensity of their smiles in the selfies, and participants who took awe walks displayed greater smiles over time than those who took control walks. The former reported greater positive emotio ns in general, including more joy and gratitude.”Participants in the control group took more frequent walks than those people in the awe group, the researchers discovered. But walking more didn’t result in positive changes in emotional health or in the wa y their selfies were taken. This suggests that the results were mainly due to experiencing awe, and not just in spending time exercising. 32．What were participants in the “awe group” required to do in Paragraph 2?A．To take a walk each week.B．To focus on their inner world.C．To collect leaves after the rain.D．To explore with childlike curiosity.33．What can we see in the selfies from the awe walks?A．Close-up images with wide smiles.B．More attention on themselves.C．Simply the background scenery.D．Small figures with bigger smiles.34．What can we know from the last paragraph?A．Experiencing awe counts.B．More walks, more joy.C．Exercises can benefit us.D．Awe comes with walking.35．Which of the following can be the best title?A．Awe Walks Promote Your Physical FitnessB．Experiencing Awe Does Wonders for EveryoneC．Awe Walks Improve Your Positive EmotionsD．Frequent Walks Contribute to Emotional Health4.【辽宁省鞍山一中2022-2023学年高三模拟】Researchers have developed a new method for training people to be creative, one that shows promise of succeeding far better than current ways. This new method, based on narrative (叙事的) theory, helps people be creative in the way children and artists are; by making up stories, they imagine alternative worlds, shift perspective (角度) and generate unexpected actions.The current foundation of creativity training is the technique known as divergent thinking (发散思维), which doesn’t deliver the results that many hope for. A major issue is that this approach relies on data and information abo ut the problems and successes of the past. It can’t come up with truly original actions. That’s where narrative method comes in, and both techniques could be used together.The narrative method works by recognizing that we’re all creative. “We undervalue t he creativity of kids and many others because we tend to think that some people are more creative than others, but the reality is that we’re just not training creativity in the right way,” said Angus Fletcher from the Ohio State University. Fletch and his colleagues successfully used the narrative approach to train members from the US Army, the University of Chicago, and several Fortune 50 companies.The narrative method asks participants to generate stories based on assumptive situations or think from some one else’s perspective. For example, marketers might be asked to imagine a world where their competitor’s product was free and how they would respond to that, or to learn a little about how a co-worker thinks and then imagine how they would solve a specific problem.The narrative method generates actual solutions without pressuring participants to come up with ideas thatmatch an “appropriateness” standard. What’s more, the narrative method doesn’t depend on data to fuel outputs, so it’s useful even in neve r seen-before situations.12. What does the author say about divergent thinking?A. It is perfect for multiple tasks.B. It is suitable for creative actions.C. It is unfit for complex problems.D. It is not enough for desired results.13. What does the underlined word “assumptive” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. practicalB. imaginaryC. productiveD. commercial14. Which is one advantage of the narrative method?A. It relies on data and past performance.B. It prepares people for standard answers.C. It trains people to find practical solutions.D. It focuses on guessing the future correctly.15. What’s the best title for the text?A. Creative Ideas and Creative Actions.B. Narrative Approach and Divergent Thinking.C. Narrative Method Can Make Anyone Creative.D. There Should Be No Prejudice Against Creativity.5.【辽宁省实验中学2022年高三模拟】Cutlery (餐具) including chopsticks, knives, forks and spoons which delivers an electric shock to change the taste of food could help cut down salt in fast food. Scientists have developed a pair of chopsticks, which can make food taste saltier, sour or bitter without the need for extra seasoning (调味). They are also working on a spoon and fork that could make food taste spicier or sweeter. This “digital seasoning” technology cou ld help food manufacturers and restaurants to reduce the amount of salt they put into food without relinquishing taste.They work by delivering pulses of electricity to the tip of the tongue to stimulate the tastebuds(味蕾). Dr Nimesha Ranasinghe, an assista nt professor who led the work on the electric cutlery, said, “This technology is aimed at creating a virtual taste sensation.”Some Chinese takeaway food and ready meals were recently found to contain up to 11 times more salt than a bag of crisps — more th an half of an adult’s daily allowance. Salt is known to be linked to serious health problemslike heart disease and stroke.But using a pair of electric chopsticks could help cut salt levels without influencing the taste, said Dr Ranasinghe. The technology, which Dr Ranasinghe initially developed while at the University of Singapore, works by installing two electrodes (电极) into each chopstick or the end of a spoon. These electrodes send a weak current through the tip of the tongue when they touch it to stimulate the taste buds.By controlling the frequency and strength of the electric current, the researchers can stimulate either sourness, saltiness or bitterness. They say up to 80% of people experience changes in saltiness and sourness with the devices and 70% can sense changes in bitterness.Dr Ranasinghe said he was also working on ways of imitating sweetness and spiciness by rapidly heating and cooling the tongue. It could lead to a spoon that allows desserts to taste sweet while having lower sugar levels or a fork that can give a curry extra heat without the need for extra chilies (辣椒). Dr Ranasinghe said: “We have some early findings of imitating sweetness, a mint-cool sensation and hot or spicy sensations.”23．What seasoning cutlery has been developed?A．Chopsticks. B．Knives. C．Forks. D．Spoons.24．How does the seasoning cutlery work?A．It cuts down salt in food.B．It adds extra seasoning in food.C．It delivers an electric shock to the tongue.D．It weakens our taste sensation in our mind.25．What does the underlined word “relinquishing” in Paragraph 1 mean?A．Removing. B．Attracting. C．Acquiring. D．Compromising.26．What does the text mainly want to tell us?A．Give yourself an electric shock to make takeaways healthy.B．Try to eat at home instead of having take-out food to stay healthy.C．Make your food taste saltier by using a pair of electric chopsticks.D．Reduce the amount of salt in your food to avoid health problems.6.【浙江省十校联盟2022-2023学年高三联考】Loneliness is bad for your health. So, in these days of COVID-19, when enforced solitude (独处) is the order of the day in many places, how to stop solitude turning into loneliness is a pressing medical question.One part of the answer is to try to understand the physiology (生理) of the change.Steven Cole of the University of California, Los Angeles, began his work with John Cacioppo of the University of Chicago. They addressed that question by repeatedly observing social isolation in individual volunteers, while simultaneously tracking from blood samples, their gene-expression patterns and other changes in their physiology.They found that, initially, volunteers’ feelings of isolation are related to an increase in their inflammation genes(炎症基因) activity which are also known to travel into the brain and promote anxiety. They also noted that increased levels in this kind of brain activity in turn improve inflammation and cause behaviors such as social withdrawal, feelings of suspicion towards the outside world and a tendency to act more defensively by making decisions that involve few risks. That, of course, promotes further feelings of loneliness. It seems, therefore, that though loneliness starts with solitude, it can quickly take on a physiological life of its own.Therefore, dealing with the loneliness caused by enforced isolation will not be a simple matter of allowing people to socialise once again. In search of that, Dr. Cole carried out a series of experiments that encouraged lonely people to direct simple acts of kindness towards their fellow creatures: things like buying groceries for an elderly neighbour or helping a colleague. Those directed to show kindness had precisely the opposite inflammation genes activity to that previously seen in the lonely by Dr. Cole.They found that in the case of loneliness, the saying: being more blessed to give than to receive is true. 11．What can be a suitable title for the text?A．Frightening Loneliness: Increase Inflammation.B．Solitude and Its Consequences: Fight Loneliness.C．The Unavoidable Problems: Solitude and Loneliness.D．A Ground-breaking Finding: Loneliness Cured by Giving.真题透视1.【答案】1. C【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。
高考英语二轮复习—阅读理解主旨大意题解题技巧.
细节理解
猜测词义
阅读题型
推理判断 主旨大意
观点态度
篇章结构
细节理解
篇章结构
词义猜测
解题技巧
观点态度
推理判断
主旨大意
主旨大意题
考察要点：
这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也 包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点 的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题 和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思 维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。
3. What is mainly discussed in paragraph… ?
4. Paragraph 5/… mainly talks about ___
提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句 段首 所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式。
主 题 句 的 呈 现
在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方 段尾 式。 通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述 段中 的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作 进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。 即主题句隐含在全段中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根 无主 据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合 题句 分析，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以 偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。
高三英语二轮复习 专题三一主旨大意类
一、主旨大意类
1．主旨大意类题目的设题方式： (1)The main idea of the passage is ________. (2)What does the passage mainly deal with? (3)What’s the main idea/topic/subject/point/theme of the passage? (4)The passage is mainly about ________. (5)The best title for the passage is ________. (6)The article is written to explain ________.
ppt课件
In the 1840s the main crop，potatoes，was affected by disease and about 750,000 people died of hunger.This，and a shortage (短缺) of work，forced many people to leave Ireland and live in the USA，the UK，Australia and Canada.As a result of these problems，the population fell from 8.2 million in 1841 to 6.6 million in 1851.
ppt课件
(3)找出各个段落的主题句。主题句有以下几个特征：①它是 概括全段思想的句子；②一般出现在段首，其次是段尾，有 的出现在段落当中；③它表达的是观点，而不是事实。 (4)注意由 in summary，in a word，as a result，finally，in short，in conclusion 和 in brief 等“信号词”引导的句子。 (5)正确选项的特点：不出现细节信息；不含过分肯定或绝对 意义的词。 (6)干扰项特点：细节信息明显；过于笼统。
2020版高考英语二轮复习专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题课件新人教版
Scientists do not know why the honey guide like eating the wax, but it is very determined in its efforts to get it. The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away. They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives, and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.
1．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Wild Bees
B．Wax and Honey
C．Beekeeping in Africa D．Honey-Lover's Helper [分析] 本文属于典型的三段论。第一段旨在导入话题，为
下文做铺垫，介绍了非洲森林里的一种美食——野蜂蜜。但是，
I walked on and on for what seemed like hours. I was sure my guardian angel was whispering in my ears “turn around and head back home”， but I was stubborn and walked on. There was still neither a car nor a house in sight. I noticed that the sun was starting to go down and I grew scared. I didn't want to end up trapped on this road, and I was worried that it would be dark before I could make my way back to the lake again.
阅读理解专项——主旨大意题课件-2023届高三英语二轮复习
plastic products. 主题句 概括了本文的主要内容
故选D. Ocean Plastics Transformed into Sculptures 海洋塑料转化为雕塑
At the beginning of the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpocalypse,”…
3. 段落主旨类试题常见的题干形式
(1) The main idea of the second paragraph probably is that . (2) What is the last paragraph chiefly concerned with? (3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? (4) What’s the main idea discussed in the first paragraph?
可知，独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the
2024届高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一阅读理解第三讲主旨大意题__辨主干细加工课件
D 在未来，无人机将会保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，或许会成为铁路安全 的新未来。此标题全面、精炼地概括了文章内容
第三步：对比选项得出答案 [答案] D
第三讲 主旨大意题——辨主干细加工
[命题解读] 1．主旨大意题考查的是对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求在充分理解全文的 前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。主旨大意题分为标 题归纳类和文章大意类。 2．标题归纳类要求学生选出文章的最佳标题，文章大意类(内容)考查文章或 段落的主旨大意。
第三讲 主旨大意题——辨主干细加工
词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等
第三讲 主旨大意题——辨主干细加工
[典例] (2022·全国乙卷) Can a small group of drones(无人机)guarantee the safety and reliability of
railways and，at the same time，help railway operators save billions of euros each year？That is the very likely future of applying today's “eyes in the sky”technology to making sure that the millions of kilometres of rail tracks and infrastructure(基础 设施)worldwide are safe for trains on a 24/7 basis.
第三讲 主旨大意题——辨主干细加工
超实用高考英语复习：高考二轮复习阅读理解专题之主旨大意课件
应用文
32.段落主旨
说明文
31.文章主旨
记叙文
15.文章标题
议论文
35.文章标题
说明文
全国乙（II）
高考英语二轮复习 专题一 第二部分 题型应对策略 第三讲 理解主旨要义——主旨大意题教案-人教版高三
第三讲 理解主旨要义——主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中难度较大的一类题目，是拉开分数差距的一个重要考查点。
因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
此类题目可分为三大类：标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
高考主旨大意题题量统计考纲解读 年份某某卷 (1)主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的深层次理解，它要求考生在充分理解全文的前提下，对整篇文章的主旨大意有一个较为清晰的印象。
(2)它既考查细节理解能力，又考查深层次的推理、概括能力，难度较大。
(3)有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子即可得出文章的主旨要义；有时，文章的主旨要义那么需从文章的字里行间进行推断。
2019.62(标题归纳题；段落大意题) 2018.111(标题归纳题) 2018.61(标题归纳题) 2017.11 1(文章大意题) 2017.6 1(文章大意题)[考查特点]Ⅰ.把握主旨大意题常见的命题方式：(1)What would be the best title for the text ？/What is the topic of the text?(2)The main idea/The general idea/The main theme of this passage is ________．(3)The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on ________．(4)What is mainly discussed in the text?(5)Wha t’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?(6)Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?(7)The passage mainly focuses on ________．Ⅱ.掌握主旨大意题的考查角度：(1)标题类，要求考生选出文章的最正确标题。
2020高考英语二轮总复习 第三讲 阅读理解 3.8 主旨大意(二)语篇主旨专题限时训练
3.8 主旨大意（二）语篇主旨A2019·吉林省吉林市高考英语一模One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?Listen—Listen when they are talking. Don't say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it's not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.Help them—If your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don't do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.Be there for them—Be there for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U．S. actor, once said，“I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control. But if you can't stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.” A lways remember this! If you don't want to stay with your friends when they're in hard times, then you don't deserve to be with them when they're having a good time!Make plans—Try to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice creams, have a party, go to the movies and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you'll remember these things when you're all old!1．What should you do while your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings? A．Calm him or her down.B．Just listen unless asked.C．Share your feelings as well.D．Give him or her some advice.2．What should we do when we provide help for our friends?A．Ignore their faults.B．Put them before ourselves.C．Change their bad habits first.D．Try to do everything for them.3．What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe's words?A. Life without a friend is death.B. A friend is easier lost than found.C. A man is known by his friends.D. A friend in need is a friend indeed.4．What is probably the best title for the test?A．How to be a good friend.B．How to find a good friend.C．How to make more friends.D．How to help friends in trouble.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。
2020年高考英语二轮复习专题1阅读理解 (4)主旨大意题
high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us. ”
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date—sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways. ”
【典例】 (2019·全国卷Ⅲ·B)
For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
“It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源)of inspiration for designers, ” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A+E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚)shows.
(全国卷)高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 阅读理解 专题三 主旨大意类课件
3.
考Байду номын сангаас一
主旨大意题
【典例】 (2015重庆,C片段)
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Lakelander ·2 hours ago Today,a man talked very loud on his phone on a train between Malvern and Reading,making many passengers upset.I wonder how he would react if I were to read my newspaper out loud on the train.I have never had the courage to do it,though.
专题三 主旨大意类
设问方式
1.
标题型主旨归纳题 The best title for the passage might be... Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage? What can be a suitable title for the text? What can/might be the best title for the text/the passage? 目的型主旨归纳题 The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to... The passage is meant to... The author’s purpose is to show... The purpose of the article is to... What does the author want to tell us? What is the main purpose of the passage?
2020高考英语二轮总复习 第三讲 阅读理解 3.8 主旨大意(二)语篇主旨课件
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
第三讲 阅读理解 第八节 主旨大意(二)语篇主旨
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母题探究 题组集训 限时训练
(2019·高考全国新课标卷Ⅲ)For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
高考英语二轮复习阅读理解第三节主旨大意题课件
35．What is the best title for the text? A．Be Nice—You Won't Finish Last B．The Higher the Status，the Better C．Be the Best—You Can Make It D．More SelfControl，Less Aggressiveness
12/8/2021
Popularity is a wellexplored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein，a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories：the likable and the status s eekers.The likables' playswellwithothers qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships，j umpstart interpersonal skills and，when tapped early，are employed ever after in life and work.Then there's the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence：status born of power and even dishonorable behavior. Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed，Dr.Prinstein's studies show unpleasant co nsequences.Those who were highest in status in high school，as well as those least like d in elementary school，are “most likely to engage (从事) in dangerous and risky beh avior.”
高三英语二轮复习课件：阅读理解之主旨大意复习
段落/文章大意
题干中含有main idea; mainly about 如：What is the first/second paragraph mainly about? What is the main idea of the text? What is the text mainly about?
Step 1 定位段落主题句
总分式总分总式
分总式
分总分式
段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是举例或论证
段尾是主题句，段落开头是举例子或者层层推进
主题句在中间引出话题→论述主题→解释
a. 段落有主题句
Step 2
比较各选项
Topic The specific information about the topic
CONTENTS
03
Strategies
Type 1段落大意Type 2文章大意
Type 3文章标题
Type 4写作意图
(2019全国I卷）During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status…Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
高考英语二轮复习 第一部分 阅读理解篇 专题1 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意类课件
• 2．概括文章/段落大意
12/8/2021
•
(2016·浙江，C片段)
• Viewing childhood development as a scientific investigation throws light on how children learn，but it also offers an inspiring look at science and scientists.Why do young children and scientists seem to be so much alike? Psychologists have suggested that science as an effort —the desire to explore, explain, and understand our world—is simply something that comes from our babyhood.Perhaps evolution(进化) provided human babies with curiosity and a natural drive to explain their worlds, and adult scientists simply make use of the same drive that served them as children.The same cognitive(认知的) systems that make young children feel good about figuring something out may have been adopted by adult scientists.As some psychologists put it, “It is not that children are little scientists but that scientists are big children.”
高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 题型突破 专题12 阅读理解 第3讲 主旨大意课件
12/8/2021
•
Arriving in Sydney on his own from India, my
husband, Rashid, stayed in a hotel for a short time while looking for
a house for me and our children.
第二部分 题型专题突破
12/8/2021
专题十二 阅读理解
第3讲 主旨大意题
名师点拨
• 主旨大意题考查考生把握文章主旨大意以及中心思想的能力。 该题要求考生具备运用概念、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维 能力。
• 1．题型特点 • 此类题型可分为段落主旨题和文章主旨题两种类型。段落主
旨题往往指向段落大意、段落要点或段落中心思想，考查考 生对自然段落主旨的理解。文章主旨题指文章的基本论点、 文章标题和文章主题等。该题型考查考生理解全文的基础上 运用推理与判断对文章要点加以归纳、概括的逻辑思维能力。
12/8/2021
• Mind the colors. Research suggests warm colors fuel our appetites. In one study, people who ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room.Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing，while cold colors make us feel less hungry.So when it's time to repaint, go blue.
2020届高三大二轮复习：第2板块 题型3 第3讲 主旨大意题
第3讲主旨大意题主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生失分最多的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。
文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨。
此类题目可分为三大类，即标题归纳题、文章大意题和段落大意题。
要做好主旨大意题，我们首先必须了解其正确选项和干扰选项的特征。
题型一标题归纳题理解标题的3大特点，巧用3大方法确定文章标题一个好的标题应具备三大特点：1．概括——准确而又简短；2．针对性——标题外延正好与文章内容相符；3．醒目——能引发读者的阅读欲望。
因此有必要掌握以下三大方法：1．正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨；2．反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除不符选项；3．研读备选项本身：研读备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、概括性等。
[典例示范](2017·全国卷Ⅰ阅读C)Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day.UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying (联合) voice across cultures.Despite the celebrations, though, in the U．S.the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that.As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.“Jazz seems like it’s not really a part of the American appetite，” Moran tells National Public Radio’s reporter Neal Conan.“What I’m hoping to accomplish is that my generation and younger start to reconsider and understand that jazz is not black and white anymore.It’s actually color, and it’s actually digital.”Moran says one of the problems with jazz today is that the entertainment aspect of the musichas been lost.“The music can’t be presented today the way it was in 1908 or 1958.It has to continue to move, because the way the world works is not the same，” says Moran.Last year, Moran worked on a project that arranged Fats Waller’s music for a dance party, “just to kind of put it back in the mind that Waller is dance musi c as much as it is concert music，” says Moran.“For me, it’s the recontextualization.In music, where does the emotion (情感) lie？Are we, as humans, gaining any insight (感悟) on how to talk about ourselves and how something as abstract as a Charlie Parker record gets us into a dialogue about our emotions and our thoughts? Sometimes we lose sight that the music has a wider context，” says Moran, “so I want to continue those dialogues.Those are the things I want to foster.”31．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A．Exploring the Future of JazzB．The Rise and Fall of JazzC．The Story of a Jazz MusicianD．Celebrating the Jazz Day[解题样板]第一步：读文章，概括文意通读全文可知，文章介绍了国际爵士乐日的设立以及爵士乐现在面临的问题，并探讨了爵士乐的未来。
阅读理解之主旨大意题课件-高三英语二轮复习
33. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
词义猜测题
4. 做出判读和推理
5. 理解文章的基本结构
推理判断题
6. 理解作者的意图、观点和态度。
3
主旨大意题考查形式
1.段落大意类
(1) What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
(2) The main idea of the first paragraph probably is _____.
(3) Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph one? 2.文章大意类
(1) What does the passage mainly talk about?
(3) The main idea of the passage is ___________. 3.标题概括类
4
（一）段落大意类
解题策略与技巧：画出段落主题句或关键词，结合选项，选出正确答案。 1.段落主题句通常在三个位置出现： (1) 开门见山：提出主题（总）----细节支撑（分）； (2) 段末点睛：细节描述（分）----概括主题（总）； (3) 段中点旨：细节描述（分) ----归纳主题（总） --- 进一步解释（分）。 2.高频关键词:如果段落没有明显的主题句，那么段落中可能有一个反复出现 的中心词，即关键词，抓住了它，也就抓住了段落的中心。 3.根据事实细节描述，结合选项自己归纳概括段落大意。
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“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course，not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.
That afternoon I rushed home and told my mother what had happened. Without looking up, she just said “Good for you.” Hearing this, I felt a sense of loss. Her consistent response always made me feel under-appreciated.
1. 开门见山式 也就是主题句出现在文首。 2. 藏头露尾式 3．首尾呼应式 也就是在有些文章中，为了突出主题，作者在文章开头提出主题，接着进行阐述 或论证，在结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也很常见。 4. 抛砖引玉式 即文章的开头只是提出一个问题或者貌似正确的观点，而真正的主题则是通过对 问题的解析和引申，或是通过责问和驳论的方式导出主题。
概括主旨大意要遵循四字原则： 精：用精炼的语言概括出文章的中心思想；准：要注意文章的内涵和外延，把作 者的观点准确地表达出来；全：要排除掉那些片面的选项，选取包含文章的主要 内容及作者观点的选项，范围不宜过大或过小；新：所选的题要新，对读者有吸 引，能激发读者去读。
A 2019·河南安阳高三毕业班二模 I waited half an hour, set the board, and sat in the studio, reviewing my questions until the telephone lines flashed. “Hello？” “This is Connie Chung. I'm so sorry I'm late.”
Connie Chung was one of the only four women anchors (主播) to make it into the club of major evening network television news. For almost an hour we talked about the industry. When I asked if she ever had an instructor throughout her trials, she turned around and offered to instruct me. When I asked why she decided to do it, she simply replied, “Because you're good.”
答案：D
7. 解析：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的影响， 展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。故选D。A项(向世界推销梦想的 年轻模特)与文章内容不符；B项(在纽约举办的一次中国艺术展)以偏概全；C项 (东西方美学的差异)范畴过大。
[语篇解读] 本文是说明文。以国外视角介绍中国文化及中国美学对国际时尚的 影响，展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。 [长难句分析] Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.(第四段第二句) 句意：中国模特是向全世界女性出售梦想、美和时尚运动的代言人；这也意味着 中国女性不仅是时尚的消费者，也是时尚发展的核心。
For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”
People had faith in me, so I developed faith in myself. Their positive attitudes towards themselves and towards me helped me develop my own positive attitude, leading to productive interactions with celebrities and adding to my list of instructors.
I may not have started life surrounded by positivity but I surely feel that I am surrounded by it now. It's amazing how positivity builds on itself.
1．What was the author probably doing at the beginning of the text? A．He was preparing for a show. B．He was looking for an instructor. C．He was waiting to be interviewed. D．He was broadcasting news in the studio. 1．A 解析：推理判断题。根据前四段中出现的“reviewing my questions”以及“I asked if she ever had an instructor”等可推知，作者是在为主持一个访谈节目做准备，在这 个节目中他将问 Connie Chung 一些问题。故选 A。
[分析] that引导的定语从句修饰campaigns；which指代前面的句子，引导非限制 性定语从句，并在从句中作主语。 【方法点津】 主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种：开头、文中和文末。解题时，我们通常采用 浏览的方式，仔细选读文章的首尾段和首尾句(包括每一段的首尾句)，重点搜索 主题线索和脉络。本文的中心句就在第一段和最后一段的最后一句。下面阐述五 种主题呈现的方式：
Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学)on Western fashion and how imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.
7．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B．A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C．Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D．Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends
Then radio became my way of connecting with others. My ability to book high-level guests and celebrities(名人)was gradually recognized and eventually all the words of encouragement from past guests and colleagues helped me to re-build my confidence levels. “I can do this，” I kept telling myself, and pushed even harder to find my next aim.