Statistics presentation---2
统计学专业英语
统计学专业英语Statistics is a specialized branch of mathematics that involves the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data. It is used to make informed decisions, predictions, and conclusions based on numerical information.Here are some important terms and concepts related to statistics:1. Data: Facts, numbers, or information that can be collected and analyzed.2. Population: A complete set of individuals or objects that a statistician is interested in studying.3. Sample: A subset of the population that is selected for analysis.4. Descriptive statistics: Techniques used to summarize and describe data, such as measures of central tendency (mean, median, mode) and measures of variability (range, standard deviation).5. Inferential statistics: Techniques used to make inferences or generalizations about a population based on data from a sample.6. Hypothesis testing: The process of using statistical analysis to determine if there is enough evidence to support or reject a hypothesis.7. Probability: The likelihood of an event occurring, often expressed as a number between 0 and 1.8. Random variable: A variable that takes on different values based on chance or probability.9. Distribution: A pattern of values or probabilities of a random variable.10. Regression analysis: A statistical method used to estimate the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.11. Confidence interval: A range of values that is likely to contain the true value of a population parameter, along with a level of confidence associated with it.12. Statistical significance: The probability that an observed difference or relationship between variables is due to chance alone. These are just a few key terms and concepts in statistics. A degree in statistics typically involves studying probability theory, mathematical statistics, data analysis, and statistical modeling. Students also learn how to use statistical software and perform various tests and analyses.。
5分钟英文presentation演讲稿 万能句子
5分钟英文presentation演讲稿万能句子当你准备进行一个5分钟的英文presentation时，以下是一些万能句子，可以用来引起注意、过渡段落、强调重点和总结：●开场白（Introduction）:1."Good [morning/afternoon/evening], everyone. Thank you for being here today."2."I'm honored to stand before you to talk about..."●引入主题（Introducing the Topic）:1."Today, I want to discuss..."2."Let's delve into the topic of..."●重点强调（Highlighting Key Points）:1."One key point to remember is..."2."It's important to emphasize that..."●举例说明（Providing Examples）:1."For instance,..."2."Let me illustrate this with an example."●引用数据（Citing Statistics）:1."According to recent research/data,..."2."The statistics show that..."●过渡段落（Transitioning）:1."Now, let's move on to the next aspect,..."2."Having discussed [previous point], let's now turn our attention to..."●提出建议或观点（Offering Suggestions or Insights）:1."It might be worthwhile to consider..."2."One possible solution could be..."●回答问题（Addressing Questions）:1."Before I conclude, I'd like to address a common question..."2."If you're wondering about..., the answer is..."●总结（Concluding）:1."To sum up,..."2."In conclusion,..."感谢观众（Expressing Gratitude）:1."Thank you for your attention."2."I appreciate your time and attention."这些句子可以根据你的演讲内容进行调整和定制，确保你的presentation更具个性化和专业性。
新视野视听说3 文本及答案(Unit 2)
Uint2II. Basic Listening Practice3. ScriptW: Have you chosen your elective for next semester yet Are you taking French writing againM: Yes I am, but it’s compulsory for us next semester. So I think I’m gong to do marketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective4. ScriptM: Did you go to that businesses lecture on Friday I missed it and need to copy your notes.W: I’d say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah’s got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown’s seminar; he takes attendance in that.Q: What is the woman telling the man3. ScriptW: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you hereM: I’m enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here are preparing for an exam on Monday.Q: Why is the man in the library4. ScriptW: How’s your group doing with this statistics presentation Mine’s terrible.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn’t pull his weight and Suzie’s never around. I don’t see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzie r ealize that this is their last chance. Q: What is the true of Steven and Suzie5. ScriptW: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn’t you What’s it likeM: It’s expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the costs of food and housing. But the tea ching is first class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching; that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed.Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first class, according to the conversationKeys: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.AIII. Listening InTask1: On the First DayScriptHarrison: I’m Harrison. Good to meet you. So you’ve bought the books for this biology class. Jenny: Sure, I think everyone had to before class started.Harrison: No. Usu ally no one does much on the first day because it’s still add-drop.Jenny: What’s thatHarrison: Changing from class to class to find out which one is best. Hey, where are you from Jenny: Poland. Have you has this teacher before I’ve heard he is really goo d.Harrison: He’s good if you’re a hand-worker. He expects a lot.Jenny: Oh, I guess that’s good. I hope I can keep up with everyone else in the class. Maybe I needyour help after class.Harrison: You’re welcome.…Professor: All right. See you guys next week.Student: See you.Jenny: Harrison, wait up!Harrison: So what do you think about the professor’s lectureJenny: I think half of what he said went over my head.Harrison: That’s all right. A lot of what he said is explain in the reading/Jenny: Hey, would you mind if I borrowed your notes tonight to look them overHarrison: No problem. We don’t have class until Wednesday. Here you go.Jenny: Thanks. I just want to make sure I’m prepared for the seminar.Harrison: Yeah, participation in the discussion is an important part of the education here.Seeing that Jenny has bought the books for the biology class, Harrison says nobody does much on the first day because it’s still add-drop, which means students are changing from class to class. Jenny knows the professor is really good. But Harrison warns her that the professor is good, only if students are hand-workers, for he expects a lot.After class, Jenny admits that half of what the professor said went over her head, and Harrison assures her that a lot of what the professor said is explained in the reading.When Jenny asks to borrow Harrison notes, he says ―on problem‖, for they don’t have class until Wednesday. Finally, Harrison says participation in the discussion at the seminar is an important part of the education there.Task 2: Money for CollegeScriptRobert is a university student. He likes to have fun. But having fun was expensive, so he was rapidly running out of money. There was nothing to do to try to call his mother for help.―Hi, Mom. I certainly miss you and Dad. I…uh…got a big surprise this week in my physics course. We have to buy two new textbooks. I’m going to need $100.‖―I understand,‖ said his mother, ―I’ll send you the money right away. You left your calculus book here when you were home two weeks ago. Shall I mail that at the same time‖―Oh, yeah. Thanks,‖ Robert said.Robert’s mother made up a parcel with the calculus book and two checks, and mailed it to Robert that very day. When she returned from the post office, her husband was waiting for her.―Well, how much did you give the boy this time‖ asked Dad.―I send two checks: one for $100 and the other for $1, 100,‖ answered Mom.―You’re outing your mind,‖ yelled Dad, ―That’s $1,100. He’ll just spend that in a couple of weeks. He’s never going to learn the value of money that way.‖―Don’t worry, honey,‖ Mom said, ―I taped the $100 check to the cover of his book, but I put the $1,000 one between the pages in Charper13!‖Keys: TFFFTTask3: How to Get Straight A’sScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination.Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awake early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says, ―Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.‖Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know hoe to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight A’s, the secret of good reading is to be ―an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the au thor’s message‖.6. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting to study7. What did the cross-country runner do to score high on the exam8. What is the good thing all top students agree on9. What does the speaker mean by ―an active reader‖10. What is the main idea of the passageKes: 1B 2.C3. D 4.A 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 You’re just going to have study hardNora: Only our first day back at school, and already I feel like I’ve learned a lot.Chris: Only our first d ay back at school, and I already feel like I’m up to my ears in homework. Nora: You’re going to have to hit the books if you want to keep your grades up.Chris: Tell me about it! I already have two reports, two books reports, a composition, an oralreport, and a research project—all due before midterms.Nora: We could work together. Maybe some of my organized study habit would rub off on you. Chris: Better yet, maybe you could do my homework for me.Nora: Forget it! That would be cheating.Chris: All right, all right. I have yet to write a term paper. Can you recommend any articles and books You’d better find me the exact pages where I can find what I want.Nora: You could borrow ideas from references, but if you quote without giving the sources, you’re plagiarizing.Chris: The quiz next week will be a headache. If you don’t help me, I’ll have to prepare some study sheets and hide them in my hand when I take the test.Nora: Oh, no! If you’re caught, the professor will definitely give you an F. Probably, you w ill have to repeat the year.Chris: All right, I’ll take your advice. The library is going to be my new home, and in the dorm I’ll be burning the midnight oil.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: We’re going to have a test, and I also have a term paper to finish. But I haven’t done a thing. I’m really worried now.B: You’re going to have to have to hit the books if you want to get good grades.A: But this course is so difficult that I already don’t understand it at all.B: We could work together. Maybe some of my organized study habit can help you.A: Better yet, maybe you could write a term paper for me.B: Forget it! That would be cheating.A: All right, all right. I have yet to write it myself. Maybe I can download some articles from the Internet and piece them together.B: You could borrow ideas from those articles, but if you quote without giving the sources, you’re plagiarizing.A: Also, the test next week will be a headache. If you don’t help me, I’ll have to prepare a cheat-sheet and hide it in my hand during the test.B: Oh, no! If you’re caught, the professor will definitely give you an F.A: I’ll try to be careful.B: But if the professor catches you, you’ll have to repeat the year. You’re just going to have to study hard.A: Ok, I’ll take your advice.The library’s going to be my new home, and in the dorm I’ll be burning the midnight oil.MODEL2 Which class do you preferScriptChris: First period is math with Mr. Woods. I don’t know how am I going to stay awakeNora: I like Mr. Wood. He’s interesti ng.Chris: He’s boring! He could put the entire basketball team to sleep—during the championship game! Who do you have for economicsNora: Mrs. Jenkins. She’s smart. Students really learn a lot from her.Chris: She’s tough! You have to work hard in her class, or you’ll probably fail.Nora: No pain, no gain.Chris: Nonsense, You could have learned even more with Mr. Sharp. But not many students opt for his class.Nora: What’s wrong with himChris: Often, the highest grade he gives on a term paper is C+, and he usually fails half of the students.Nora: No wonder he’s got the nickname Mr. Shark. Well, how about PE What are you doing this semesterChris: That’s the worst part. In PE, we’re learning t’ai chi. I’m bored to death.Nora: Ha-ha! Not to rub salt into the wound, but our class is playing your favorite sport: basketball. Chris: Oh…that figures! This is going to be a terrible semester.Nora: This is going to be a great semester!Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: The history class is really boring. How am I going to stay awakeB: I like the history teacher. She’s knowledgeable. She told us a lot of interesting historical events in class.A: Bur I find her boring! She could put the entire basketball team to sleep—during the championship game! Which class do you find dullB: I hate the economics course. The teacher always talks above my head. So I’ve lost interest in the course.A: Bur economic is my favorite. The professor is smart. Most students really learn a lot from him. B: But he’s tough! He expects a lot. You have to work hard in his class, or you’ll probably fail.A: No pain, no gain.B: Actually not many students opt for his class.A: What’s wrong with himB: Often the highest grade he gives on a term paper is B-. Last seme4stwe he failed more than a third of the students and I was one of them.A: Oh, that’s too bad.B: Well, how do you find your English teacher I don’t think much of her, either.A: I find her kind, always willing to answer my questions; she always gives me high marks.B: You’re rubbing sa lt into my wound. She failed me last semester.MODEL3 Publish or perishScriptChris: Tell us, Professor Grant, What are your primary duties as a professorProfessor Grant: Well, I do a lot of research and writing. It’s rough being an associate pro fessor. It’s publish or perish.Chris: So you spent a lot of time in your officeProfessor Grant: Yes, but I also have to prepare class motes, give lectures, hold office hours. Teaching is an important part of being a professor.Chris: With all those responsibilities, you must make a lot of money.Professor Grant: I wish. Actually, I spend a lot of tome applying foe grants to fund my research. Then I can offer assistantships and scholarships to the worthy graduate.Chris: I see why they call you ―the boss‖. But being a professor sounds pretty competitive. Professor Grant: Actually, I think you were in one of my classes…Chris: Um….I think you’re mistaken, Professor Grant!Professor Grant: No, I remember very clearly now! You owe me an essay!Chris: Sorry, I have too much work to do for the Student Union Newsletter, and I have to work two jobs to pay for school.Professor Grant: So you get an F in this course.Now Your TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Professor Smith, I’m from the Student Union newspaper. Many studen ts want to know a western professor’s main duties and compare them with a Chinese professor’s duties.B: Well, I do a lot of research and writing. It’s tough to be a professor.A: Chinese professor are also facing increasing pressure, as they are required to do more research than before. Professor Smith, do you spend al lot of time on teachingB: Yes, I have to prepare class notes, give lectures, host seminar, and hold office hours. In fact, teaching is an important part of being a professor, though some professors believe that research is more important than teaching.A: With all those responsibilities, you must make a lot of money, I suppose.B: I wish. Salary is a sensitive topic in the west. Let me say something about research funds. Actually I spend a lot of time applying for grants to fund my research.A: How are you going to use the grantsB: With that money, I can offer assistantships and scholarship to graduate students who can help with my research project.A: Now I see why they call you ―boss‖. But being a professor sounds pretty competitive.B: That’s true. A lot of young teachers want to be promoted to a professorship.A: What you said has given us a fairly clear picture of a western professor’s primary responsibilities. Thank you very much for your time.B: You’re welcomeV. Let’s TalkScriptHi, everybody. My topic today is ―Problems with Our Educational System‖.There are a lot of things in our educational system that I don’t agree with. It seems that educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academic performance but neglect students’ abilities and interests in other areas. I think there’re a lot of people who are very intelligent, but haven’t had the opportunities they could’ve had, had they been educated in a broader-minded educational systems. I feel that a lot of courses that students are focused to take in high school are too academic, and, as a result, many kids lost their interest in learning. Educators have failed to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They often exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isn’t really possible. And as a consequence some students who are believed to be intelligent can’t get into good colleges if they, for example, hav en’t scored well on the math section, even if they ate brilliant writers. Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called ―weak students‖ are separated from the rest of the school. Some kids are kept in a separate class id their grades are lower then others. And they’ve very aware of their social position, you know. I think it causes them to act in a way that is not really positive. They’re just acting in a way that they are expected to act. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And that’s pretty sa d to me. I think that many of the kids in those classed are intelligent, but never actually realize their potential because of the way they are treated very early on in their education.Problems ResultsEducators just want to give standardized tests. They only focus on academic performance but neglect students’ abilities and interests in other areas. Kids lose interest in learning.Educators often exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. Some intelligent kids can’t enter good c olleges.―Weak‖ students are separated from the rest of the school. Their grades go from bad to worse.DebateSAMPLEA: Many ads about English classes for children say, ―Don’t let your kids lose the competition just because they start later.‖ I quite agree. I hear young children often learn a foreign language faster then adults.B: It’s hard to say. Kids may learn the pronunciation better than adults, but adults usually learnvocabulary and grammar faster.A: You can learn vocabulary and grammar later on; but when you grow up, you can hardly change your pronunciation.B: But if they learn the wrong pronunciation from the beginning If they don’t learn English when they are young in the right way, it’ll affect their English studiesA: Anyway, some good o r ―key‖ schools give English tests to kids before admitting them.B: English is important, bur other subjects like Chinese and math ate equally important. If kids spend too much time on English, they have little time left for other subjects.A: Some people say that learning a foreign language can help develop children’s mental abilities such as memory, attention span and concentration, which will e of help in learning other subjects. B: But too much time for studying and too little left for playing, childre n’s moral and physical development will be affected.A: Well, it’s difficult for me to convince you, and vice versa. Let’s agree to disagree.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Harvard UniversityScriptHarvard University is the oldest institute of highest learning in her United States. Founded 16years after the arrival of the Pilgrim at Plymouth, the university has grown from 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 18,000students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professor schools. Over14, 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties. Harvard has produces six presidents of the United States and 34 Noel winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its graduates became ministers in Puritan church throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.Under President Pusey (1953-1971), Harvard started what was then the largest fund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5 million dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard’s physical facilities.Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1001. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university’s school and fa culties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard’s main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the important of the university’s excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard’s doors open to st udents from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of as aping the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage.6. What is main idea of the passage7. How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning8. What was the role of religion at Harvard University was during is early years9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Pusey’s fund-raising program10. What did President Rudenstine doKeys: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.DTask 2: The Final ExamScriptAt a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, that each had ―A‖ so far for the semester.These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before finals, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time, but after all the hearty partying, they slept all day Sunday and didn’t make it back to school until early Monday morning.Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final exam and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on the way back, didn’t have a spare, and couldn’t get help for a long time. As a result, they missed the final.The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate room, hand each of them a test booklet, and told them to begin.They took at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. ―Cool,‖ they thought at the same time, each one in his separate room, ―This is going to be easy.‖ Each finished the problem and then turned the page.On the second page was a question worth 95 points: ―Which of the tires was flat‖Task3: Applying for a place in an American UniversityScriptInternational students often underestimate the amount of time required to apply for admission to a college or university in the United States. You should avoid this mistake by setting yourself a schedule that starts well in advance of the time you hope to begin your studies. When setting this timetable, always remember that doing things early is the best way forward. To find the institutionor program that will best serve your academic or professional goals, allow yourself sufficient time to research thoroughly your options. Then meet the application deadlines of the university to which you apply. These may be as much as 10 months before the school term.The need for an early start holds true even if you can apply on the Internet. University websites and other academic Internet sites may provide quick and convenient access to the required application forms, but you still need time to research your options, contact teachers and institutions to obtain recommendation and transcripts of academic records, and sign up for required entrance exams, that is, standardized tests, in time to meet application deadlines. In fact, although some students did score high on TOEFL and GRE, they were not admitted because they failed to meet the deadline.For Reference:1. They often underestimate the amount of time required.2. They must allow themselves sufficient time to research thoroughly their options3. They may provide quick and convenient access to the required application forms.4. They still need time to research your options, contact teachers and institutions to obtain recommendation and transcripts of academic records, and sign up for required entrance exams, that is, standardized tests.5. Because they failed to meet the deadline.News ReportPrince William in ChileScriptWhat goes into a prince’s education today For Britain’s Prince William, nature played an important role in his education this last winter, as the future king went on a 10-week expedition in Chile with Raleigh International.The experience was a very different one for the prince. He kayaked in ocean fjords, tracked a rare deer, and was stranded on a beach during a storm.He also got used to sleeping on the ground—at times in a room filled with 16 people –and living in simple conditions.Those who took part, called ―volunteers‖, both contributed and learned. The prince helped locals build wooded walkways and buildings, and taught English to schoolchildren.He was described by other volunteers as hardworking, humble, and laid-back. As one said, ―He struck a really good balance between working hard and having fun…getting on with everyone, and taking on the team spirit.‖The prince said he liked being treated as an ―equal‖ by other volunteer, who came from all walksof life. Around 20 percent were from problem backgrounds, some having had troubles with drugs or crime.It seems that there’s a lot more to education than university and books, and the Chilean forests and a little contact with regular people may do a lot of a British prince.。
presentation
Contrary to the expectation that 10, 000 jobs are to be lost in Australia, the statistics of November, 2015 show that the number of people who are holding jobs has increased by 71, 400.This is for both full-time jobs and part-time jobs.Australia’s unemployment rate has declined to the lowest level after the strongest jobs growth.However, there is doubt that the seasonal adjusted figure could be unreal.Although the figure maybe unreal, it is still worthwhile to congratulate those who obtained a job and the companies that created the jobs.The Australian dollar raised again on the news.According to ABS, the participation rate has also raised.The figures indicate that the Australian economy has been performing better than expected since the mining investment boom.Analysts questioned the soundness of the data and the way it was sampled.According to economists, the job market has been improving after all.The Australia economy has been struggling while a boom helped to avoid a long-term recession.RBA turned down interest rates to encourage the economy recovery of the non-mining sectors, but the outcome was contrary to the expectation.NAB economist pointed out that strong jobs growth is expected in 2016 according to the jobs ads.This condition varies in different states. Unemployment in QLD, NSW and SA has fallen while in VIC and WA it has increased. ConclusionThe unemployment in Australia has declined after the mining investment boom. Australia has seen strong jobs growth in 2015.Although the figures maybe questionable, the people who found a job are still to be congratulated and there is indication the economy is improving after all.This varies in different states. However, the overall circumstance in Australia is prospective.。
i2_-statistic_统计方法_概述及解释说明
i2 -statistic 统计方法概述及解释说明1. 引言1.1 概述i2-statistic统计方法作为一种重要的统计学工具，被广泛应用于各个领域的数据分析与研究中。
它是一种非参数性质的统计指标，能够在无需依赖特定分布假设的情况下，对数据进行有效的推断和分析。
本篇文章将全面介绍i2-statistic 方法的基本概念、原理、主要特点以及在实际应用中所取得的成果。
1.2 文章结构本文共分为五个部分进行阐述。
除了引言部分外，还包括i2-statistic统计方法的基本概念和原理、主要特点和优势以及应用案例和实际意义等内容。
最后，在结论部分对i2-statistic方法进行总结，并展望其未来研究方向及潜力问题。
1.3 目的通过这篇文章，旨在让读者了解和掌握i2-statistic统计方法在各个领域中的应用价值以及其在数据分析与研究中所起到的重要作用。
同时，也希望能够引起读者对未来发展方向和潜力问题的思考。
通过阅读本文，读者将能够全面了解i2-statistic方法，并为自己的研究工作提供有益的参考和指导。
2. i2-statistic统计方法的基本概念和原理：2.1 i2-statistic概述：i2-statistic是一种用于分析数据之间异质性的统计方法。
它是由Kohnen等人提出的，用来衡量不同因素（如个体、群体、地区等）在某一特定变量上的差异程度。
i2-statistic是对方差分析方法的一个扩展应用，适用于多组数据比较。
2.2 i2-statistic的统计学原理：i2-statistic基于方差分析的思想，通过比较观察值与期望值之间的差异来判断数据之间是否存在显著差异。
具体而言，i2-statistic通过计算两个因素间变异性总和与系统误差总和（或残留误差总和）之比得到。
这个比值越大，则表示两个因素之间的差异越显著。
在应用i2-statistic时需要进行一些假设检验，比如独立性假设、均值相等假设等。
presentation英语常用语
【主题】presentation英语常用语在职场中，做好presentation是非常重要的一项技能。
一个成功的presentation不仅需要有清晰的逻辑结构和生动的表达方式，更需要使用到一些英语常用语来使得整个过程更加流畅、自然。
下面就让我们来深入探讨一下如何在presentation中运用英语常用语，提升自己的表达能力和吸引力。
1. 开场白开场白是整个presentation的关键，它需要吸引听众的注意力并引起他们的兴趣。
在这个环节，我们可以使用一些常用的英语表达来开篇，比如：- "Good morning/afternoon, everyone. Thank you foring today." - "Let's get started, shall we?"- "I'm thrilled to be here today to talk about..."2. 引言和背景介绍在presentation的开头，我们通常会介绍一下主题的背景和相关情况，并给听众一些预期。
在这个环节，我们可以运用到一些常用的英语表达，比如：- "Before we dive into the details, let me give you a brief overview of the topic."- "To set the stage, let me provide you with some context."- "I'd like to start by sharing a personal story that relates to our topic today."3. 表示数字和数据在presentation中，很多时候我们需要呈现数字和数据来支撑我们的论点。
新视野大学英语视听说第二版第三册原文+答案
新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册答案Uint 1II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW: Have you chosen your electives for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again?M: Yes I am, but it’s compulsory for us next semester. So I think I’m going to take marketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?2. ScriptM: Did you go to that business strategy lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes.W: I’d say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah has got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown’s lecture; he takes attendance in that.Q: What does the woman tell the man?3. ScriptW: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?M: I’m enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here preparing for an exam on Monday.Q: Why is the man in the library?4. ScriptW: How’s your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine’s doing a terrible job.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn’t pull his weight and Suzan’s never around. I don’t see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzan realize that this is their last chance.Q: What is true of Steven and Suzan?5. ScriptW: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn’t you? What’s it like?M: It’s expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the cost of food and housing. But the teaching is first-class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching, that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed.Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first-class?Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.AIII. Listening InTask 2: How to select elective courses?ScriptConsider these tips on elective courses and you 'll choose those that will serve you best.To begin with, you should select the courses that fit your profession. It is a good idea to choose elective courses closely related to your chosen profession. Potential employers will appreciate every bit of extra training and knowledge that they don't have to give you. For example, you may select elective courses in chemistry, biology or even physics if you are doing a science major. For business majors, select electives in accounting, business administration, and even computing, as you will never know when these will come in handy in the corporate world.Moreover, you can choose an education that includes many fields of study. If you are taking a heavy load of career-related courses, you may prefer electives that are not directly related to your major. If you receive a well-rounded education, some employers believe that you have better potential. For example, if you have courses in science along with your business degree, you could possibly win a job over someone who majored purely in business with no outside electives.Finally, you can also select a challenging elective course. Part of getting an education is learning how to learn, and elective courses should help you achieve this goal. You need not to memorize all the information from each class, but you should get a better understanding of the world. So, pick elective courses that challenge your belief system and make you look at the world in a different way. For instance, you can consider a philosophy elective if you have been told that you are a little narrow-minded.1 extra training2 chemistry3 accounting4 many fields of study5 better potential6 business degree7 challenging8 how to learn9 better understanding 10 narrow-mindedTask3: How to Get Straight A’sScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on their studytime. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination. Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others get up early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. One student said, “Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.”Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know how to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight A’s, the secret of good reading is to be “an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author’s message”.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting tostudy?2.What did the runner do to score high on the exam?3.What is the thing all top students agree on?4.What does the speaker mean by “an active reader”?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1B 2.C3. D 4.A 5.DVI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Problems with our educational systemScriptHi, everybody. My topic today is “Problems with Our Educational System”.I disagree on a lot of the ways that things have happened for a long time in our educational system. It seems that educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academic performance and neglect students’ abilities and interest in other areas. I think there’re a lot of people who are very intelligent, but haven’t had the opportunities they could have had if they had learned in a broader-minded educational systems. I feel that a lot of courses that students are required to take in high school are too academic, and, as a result, many kids have lost their interest inlearning.Educators often fail to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They simply exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isn’t really possible. And as a consequence some students I believe to be intelligent can’t get into good colleges if they, you know, haven’t scored well on the math section, even if they are brilliant writers.Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called weak students are separated from the rest of the school. Some kids are kept in a separate class if their grades are lower then others’. And they’ve very aware of their social position, you know. I think it causes them to act in a way that is not really positive. They’re just acting in a way that they are expected. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And that’s pretty sad. I think that many of the kids in those classes are intelligent, but they never actuallyTask 2: The Final ExamScriptAt a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, that each had “A”so far for the semester.These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before the final, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time and didn’t make it back to school until early Monday morning. Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on the way back and didn’t have a spare. As a result, they missed the final.The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate room, handed each of them a paper, and told them to begin.They looked at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. “Cool,”they thought at the same time, each one in his separateroom, “This is going to be easy.” Each finished the problem and then turned the page. On the second page was a question worth 95 points: “Which of the tires was flat?”Task3: Harvard UniversityScriptHarvard University is the oldest institute of highest learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrim at Plymouth, the university has grown from nine students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 21,000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14, 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,100 faculty members. Harvard has produced eight American presidents and many Nobel Prize winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan churches throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.Under President Pusey, Harvard started what was then the largest fundraising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5-million-dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard’s physical facilities.Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1991. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university’s school and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard’s main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the important of the university’s excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard’s doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage.1.What is main idea of the passage?2.How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning?3.What was the relationship between Harvard University and religion during itsearly years?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Pusey’sfundraising program?5.What did President Rudenstine do?Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.DUint 3Culture makes me what I amII. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Many Chinese students are too shy to say anything in a classroom.M: I think they don’t speak because their culture values modesty, and they don’t want to appear to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.Q: Why don’t Chinese students say anything in classroom according to the man? 2.ScriptW:The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the workplace. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.M: Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men do for the same job. It’s a situation that has to be changed.Q: What does the man say about women?3. ScriptW: I admire Michael Dell. He had a dream to be the world’s largest manufacturer of personal computers, and he has realized that dream.M:And he dropped out of university to become a success. I wonder if there is a lesson in that.Q: What do we learn about Dell from the conversation?4. ScriptM: Successful entrepreneurs are often self-made people who have a vision and know where they are going.W: But do they enjoy life like you and me, or is money their only concern?Q: What are the two speakers’ attitudes toward successful entrepreneur s?5. ScriptW: Do you agree that equal opportunity for all in an educational system is important? M: Yes, but we have to recognize that all of us are not of equal ability.Q: What does the man imply?Keys: 1.C 2.A 3. D 4.B 5.AIII. Listening InTask 1: Competition in AmericaScriptAlan: What are you reading, Eliza?Eliza: An article on American competition.Alan:Competition is everywhere and constant. Why so much fuss about it, Miss Knowledge?Eliza:Don’t make fun of me. According to the author, competition is especially important in American life. They’re taught to compete from early childhood.When children play games, they learn how to beat others.Alan: And many girls want to look more attractive than the girls sitting next to them in class. Do you think that way?Eliza:Don’t be silly. Let’s get back to the point. When children are growing up, they compete with one another in their studies.Alan: Isn’t that also true of students in other nations? As we all know, many Asian students kill for a high test score and grab every opportunity to sharpen their competitive edge over others.Eliza:American boys find great pleasure in competing with each other in sports, according to the author.Alan:I do like sports. When our football team beats the other team, I feel great.Makes me want to shout out loud. But isn’t that normal throughout the world? Eliza:American people also compete with each other at work and at climbing the social ladder.Alan: But there’s competition in other countries as well.Eliza: You’re right in a sense, but the author says the idea of competing is more deeply rooted in the minds of Americans. They’re even taught that if you lose and don’t feel hurt, there must be something wrong with you.Alan: I hear that some Asians put emphasis on cooperation. Which approach do you think makes more sense?Eliza: It’s hard to say. Anyway, there’s no accounting for different cultures.1.What is the dialog mainly about?2.What is the woman doing?3.What do children learn from playing games according to the woman?4.What does the man say about students’ studies?5.What does the woman say when asked which makes more sense, competition orcooperation?Keys: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.DTask 2: Americans’ Work EthicScriptFor four hundred years or more, one thing has been a characteristic of Americans. It is called their “work ethic”. Its (S1) roots were in the teaching of the Christian Puritanswho first settled in (S2) what is now the northeastern state of Massachusetts. They believed that it was their (S3) moral duty to work at every task to please God by their (S4) diligence, honesty, attention to details, skill, and attitude. To these Puritans, it was a (S5) sin to be lazy or to do less than your best in any task. They and later Americans tried to foll ow the Bible’s (S6) teachings, “If a man will not work, he shall not eat.”Therefore, Americans have for (S7) centuries believed that they were guilty of sin if they did not work as carefully and hard as they could when they did anything. God would punish those who were careless or lazy in their work. (S8) Even as children they were taught, “If it’s worth doing at all, it’s worth doing well.”But some people have gone beyond the usual sense of diligence. They are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder” so as to increase their status, financial position, and sense of self-worth. (S9) In English a new word has been created to describe people who work compulsivelly. The word “workaholic” describes an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to alcohol.There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. (S10) Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The American culture values achievement, efficiency, and production, and a workaholic upholds these values.Task 3: Cross-cultural ips on doing businessScriptCountries from around the globe, such as Germany, the U. S., The U.K., and Russia, conduct a lot of business in China--the biggest market in the world. Here are some tips to help you deal more successfully with people from those nations.Firstly, you must be punctual with the Germans. Being even five minutes late makes a poor impression. Being punctual is alao very important with the Americans and the British. But while it's important to be on time for business meetings, nobody expects you to be punctual for a special event. Half past seven really means a quarter to eight, or even eight o'clock! With Russians, always be on time, but don't be surprised if your Russian contact is very late! It is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late!In the business environment of those four countries, it is best to wear formal clothes of dark colors. In Russia, designer clothes are rather common. However, don't be surprised if you go to an office in the U.K. on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies in the U.K. have "dress down Fridays", when people wear casual attire.In conversation, the British and the Americans love humor and talking about sports. The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the British, but you should avoid political talk. With the Russians, say positive things about their country, andavoid making complaints. The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business!Remember that with the Germans, once a deal has been agreed upon, you can't change it! With the Americans, money is more important than relationships, whereas with the Russians it's important to get to know your contacts well. Also, don't be surprised if a British meeting seems like chaos, with everyone participating and giving opinions! Remember these tips and you will be on your way to a successful international business career!Questions and key1.What is true of the Americans and the British in terms of punctuality?2.In which country do people have "dress down Fridays"?3.What can you infer about the Russians from their conversation?4.How can you do business well with the Russians?5.What is the speaker's attitude toward the four nationalities?Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.CVI.Further Listening and SpeakingTask 1: PunctualityScriptTo Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other p eople’s time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on tome. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time. But they usually don’t try that at work.American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to chance it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just “drop in” unannounced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they might be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think twice about calling after 10:00 p.m.To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in some Eastern cultures value relationships more than schedules. In these societies, people don’t try to control time, but to experience it. Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time as a cycle. The rhythm of nature---from the passing of seasons to the monthly cycle of the moon---shapes their view of events. If they have wasted some time or let an opportunity pass by, they are not very worried, knowing that more time andopportunities will come in the next cycle. But Americans often want to jump at the first opportunity. They are unwilling to stand by idly and give up the opportunity. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed that view of time like this: “Do you love life? Then do now waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.”1.According to the passage, when people are late in America, what do they do?2.According to the passage, what do Americans do after the time for an appointmentis fixed?3.How do people in some Eastern countries view relationships and schedules?4.According to the passage, why aren’t some Eastern people worried if they let anopportunity pass by?5. What was Benjamin Franklin’s view of time?Keys: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.DUint 4Taste the sweets and bitters of family life. II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Amy, sit down, we need to talk. Your mother and I are going to separate.W: What! Are you crazy? You can’t do that! What will my friends say? I just want to have a normal family.Q: What is the girl saying?2. ScriptM: Good evening, Mrs. Jones. The manager sent you these roses and his best wishes to you both for a happy anniversary.W: Thank you. We like the room and the service here, and we especially appreciate the manager’s consideration/Q: What can we learn from the conversation?3. ScriptW: While I’m scrambling the eggs, could you put the flour into the bowl?M: You bet, darling. I’ll also turn the oven on so that it gets warmed up.Q: Where does this conversation probable take place?4. ScriptW: I have a very important meeting tonight, and I’m afraid I can’t miss it.M: But this evening is the parent s’meeting at school, and I was expecting you’d come to it. OK, I’ll phone Dad, maybe he and his girlfriend will come.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?5. ScriptW1: So you’re still single? If you’d listen to me and used the Internet, you’d have a husband by now.W2: I did use the Internet. I posted an ad that read “Husband Wanted”. There were dozens of e-mail responses. But they all said pretty much the same thing: You can have mine.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Keys: 1.C 2.A3.B 4.C 5.DIII. Listening InTask1: Nuclear Family Living PatternsScriptA nuclear family is typical in high-industrialized societies. Beginning in the early 20th century, the two-parent family known as the nuclear family was the predominant American family type. Generally children live with their parents until they go away to a college or university, or until they acquir e their own jobs and move into their own apartment or home.In the early mid-20th century, the family typically was the sole wage earner, and the mother was the children’s principle care giver. Today, often both parents hold jobs. Dual-earner families are the predominant type for families with children in the United States.Increasingly, one of the parents has a non-standard shift; that is, a shift that does not start in the morning and end in later afternoon. In these families, one of the parents manages the children while the other works.Prior to school, adequate day care of children is necessary for dual-earner families. In recent years, many private companies and home-based day care centers have sprung up fulfill this need. Increasingly, a company’s arrangement of day care as well as government assistance to parents requiring day care is occurring.Task 3:Views on filial piety see changeScriptWith fast economic development in Hong Kong, young people are less likely to cherish the traditional notion of filial piety. Instead, they are gradually taking a new approach to a welfare society, according to a three-year survey conductd by the City University of Hong Kong.As many as 85 percent of the respondents expect the government to take up the responsibility for supporting the elderly, and 77 percent agree with the idea that burden should fall on society as a whole rather than on individual families. Researcher Richard Wong, who took charge of the study, is sad about the eroding of traditional family bonds. He said that while most people still respect their parents and grandparents, they tend to equate economic assistance with love. When asked about how they would show their love for their old parents, many simply said they would send them to old people's homes. Others said that they would give money, and only two percent of the respondents said they would be ready to take care of the psychologiacal health of their parents.According to the study, middle-aged people who have children of their own take their filial duties more seriously. Also, married women know better than men the need for this kind of loving care.Researcher Wong questioned the wisdon of adopting the new concept of government welware. He said, "A welfare society is founded on high tax rates, but here in Hong Kong the personal tax rate is only 15 percent. How can you expect the government to take care of all the elderly?"He further pointed out that even when a socail security network can support all senior citizens, it cannot replace the love that only family members can give.Questions and key1.According to most of the respondents, who should take up the responsibility for supporting the elderly?2.Which of the following is a way for most respondents to show respectht and love for their old parents?3.Which of the following types of people have more loving care for their old parents?4.According to Researcher Wong, why is a welfare society not realistic in Hong Kong?5.What it the passage maily abou?1. A2. A3. A4. D5.CVI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask 2: Single-parent problemsScriptQuestion:Hi, I have been divorced for 8 years. My ex sees our child Maria on a relular basis. She is eight and in the second grade. My ex has a wife that is 20. My ex and his wifego to the school almost every day to see our daughter. Our daughter has failed the second grade and how has to repeat it. I have seen her grades plummet since those two started showing up at school. They are both very controlling and verbally abusive to me and to our daughter. I'm concernend about this. He forced my daughter to call his wife mommy. I am really tired of their unkind visits. I don't know what to do. If you have any advice to give me, I would be grateful. Thanks.Answer (by a woman psychiatrist):Hi, Diana. It's obvious to me that your daughter is having problems with the visits. I would suggest having a frank conversation with your daughter to see what she feels the problems are. If she says it is all these problems as you have stated above, I would try to talk to yout ex about her problems. I'll try to stick to what your daughter feels to be the problems and hope he will help your daughter do better at school.If he is not responsive, then I'll take your daughter for counseling to help her.You can't make others do things that are right for your child, not even the father, so spend your energy on things you can control like counseling for your daughter. Also, you should speng quality time with her and allow her to vent her feelings on you, and let her know you are always there for her no matter what happens. Try to keep her self-esteem high. When a child fails a grade, they will feel bad. Good Luck! Questions and key1.What does Diana think aobut the visits by her ex and his wife to her daughter?2.What has happened to the daughter's studies?3.What does the psychiatrist advise the woman to do first?4.What will the psychiatrist do to Diana's ex-husband?5.What is NOT advised by the psychiatrist for Diana to do?1. B2. C3. A4. D5. CTask3: A man who remarriedScriptIf you want me to tell you why I remarried, that’s my story.Remarried is the last thing I’d consider for two years after my divorce. I had heard about the high rate of remarriage failure. More importantly, I wondered how remarrying would affect my 10-year-old son. My heart ached when I saw my son draw a picture of himself, my ex-wife and me holding hands, with sadness on our faces. Since my parents have married and divorce eight times altogether, I hope my son would not have to go through the same pain I had experienced. As a result, my primary focus after divorce was my relationship with my son John, not finding a wife. As time went by, my son gradually grew up, and he became of my loneliness and anxiety. One day he asked me to consider dating. The first timer he said this, I ignored him. The second time he brought it up, I reconsidered my reservations about dating. I began to date Maria. As our relationship developed over the following year, I was。
英文商务统计学ppt课件_Ch02
Tabulating Data
Graphing Data
Summary Table
Bar Charts
Pie Charts
Pareto Chart
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Banking Preference
16% 24% 2%
ATM Automated or live telephone Drive-through service at branch In person at branch Internet
17%
41%
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Business Statistics: A First Course, 5e © 2009 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 2-5
Organizing Categorical Data: Bar Chart
In a bar chart, a bar shows each category, the length of which represents the amount, frequency or percentage of values falling into a category.
Chap 2-3
Organizing Categorical Data: Summary Table
A summary table indicates the frequency, amount, or percentage of items in a set of categories so that you can see differences between categories.
新视野大学英语视听说教程3 第二单元听力原文和答案
Book III Unit 02 This is going to be a great semester! II. Listening SkillsQuestion 1W: Have you chosen your electives for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again?M: Yes I am, but it's compulsory for us next semester. So. I think I'm going to do marketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?Key: CQuestion 2M: Did you go to that business strategy lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes. W: I'd say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah's got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown's seminar; he takes attendance in that.Q: What is the woman telling the man?Key: DQuestion 3W: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?M: I'm enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here preparing for an exam on Monday. Q: Why is the man in the library?Key: BQuestion 4W' How's your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine's terrible.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn't pull his weight and Suzie's never around. I don't see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzie realize that this is their last chance. Q: What is true of Steven and Suzie?Key: DQuestion 5W: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn't you? What's it like?M: It's expensive, about U.S.$ 40,000 a year, plus the costs of food and housing. But the teaching is first class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching;that is, you study bow actual businesses grew or failed.Q: Why is the MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first class, according to the conversation? Key AIII. Listening InTask 1: On the first DayHarrison: I'm Harrison. Good to meet you. So you've brought the books for this biology class. Jenny: Sure, I think everyone had to before class started.Harrison: No. Usually no one does much on the first day because it's still add-drop.Jenny: What's that?Harrison: Changing from class to class to find out which one is best. Hey, where are you from? Jenny: Poland. Have you had this teacher before? I've heard he is really good.Harrison: He's good if you're a hard-worker. He expects a lot.Jenny: Oh, I guess that's good. I hope I can keep up with everyone else in the class. Maybe I need your help after class.Harrison: You're welcome.Professor: All right. See you guys next week.Students: See you.Jenny: Harrison, wait up!Harrison: So what did you think of the professor's lecture?Jenny: I think about half of what he said went over my head.Harrison: That's all right. A lot of what he said is explained in the reading.Jenny: Hey, would you mind if I borrowed your notes tonight to look them over?Harrison: No problem. We don't have class until Wednesday. Here you go.Jenny: Thanks. I just want to make sure I'm prepared for the seminar.Harrison: Yeah, participation in the discussion is an important part of the education here.Key: Seeing that Jenny has bought the books for the biology class, Harrison says nobody does much on the first day because it's still add-drop, which means students are changing from class to class.Jenny knows the professor is really good, but Harrison warns her that the professor is good, only if students are hard-workers, for he expects a lot.After class, Jenny admits that half of what the professor said went over her head, and Harrison assures her that a lot of what the professor said is explained in the reading. When Jenny asks to borrow Harrison's notes, he says "no problem", for they don't have class until Wednesday. Finally, Harrison says participation in the discussion at the seminar is an important part of the education there.Task 2: Money for CollegeRobert was a university student. He liked to have fun. But having fun was expensive, so he was rapidly running out of money. There was nothing to do but to try to call his mother for help."Hi, Mom. I certainly miss you and Dad. I... uh... got a big surprise this week in my physics course. We have to buy two new textbooks. I'm going to need $100.""I understand," said his mother. "I'11 send you the money right away. You left your calculus book here when you were home two weeks ago. Shall I mail that at the same time?""Oh, yeah. Thanks," Robert said.Robert's mother made up a parcel with the calculus book and two checks, and mailed it to Robert that very day. When she returned from the post office, her husband was waiting for her."Well, how much did you give the boy this time?" asked Dad."I sent two checks: one for $100 and the other for $1,000," answered Mom."You're out of your mind," yelled Dad. "That's $1,100. He'll just spend that in a couple of weeks. He's never going to learn the value of money that way.""Don't worry, honey," Mom said, "I taped the $100 check to the cover of his book, but I put the $1,000 one between the pages in Chapter 13!"Key:F 1. The couple went to their doctor to have a complete physical checkup.T 2. At first the wife asked the husband to get her only ice cream.F 3. The husband refused to write a note, for he believed he could remember the toast.F 4. Finally, the husband brought the wife both ice cream and strawberries.F 5. The wife blamed the husband for forgetting to bring her ice cream and strawberries.For Reference1. He believed that Robert would just spend that in a couple of weeks and would never learn the value of money that way.2. She put it between the pages in Chapter 13 of the calculus book.Task 3: How to Get Straight A’sIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves, are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time. Once thebooks are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Als0, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology terms. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned h few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination.Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awake early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says, "WhateverI was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying."Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know how to read. According to a book entitledGetting Straight A's, the secret of good reading is to be "an active reader-- one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author's message".Questions:1. Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super-achievers starting to study?B) They won't play computer games.2. What did the cross-country runner do to score high on the exam?C) He used his spare time to memorize new terms.3. What is the good thing all top students agree on?D) Leaving a certain period of time everyday for studying.4. What does the speaker mean by "an active reader"?A) One who asks many questions for full understanding.5. What is the main idea of the passage?D) Secrets of successful students.For ReferenceThey know how to set priorities, can study anywhere, schedule their time well, and know how to read. IV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 It slipped my mind!Nora: Only our first day back at school, and already I feel like I've learned a lot.Chris: Only our first day back at school, and I already feel like I'm up to my ears in homework. Nora: You're going to have to hit the books if you want to keep your grades up.Chris: Tell me about it! I already have two reports, two book reports, a composition, an oral report, and a research project -- all due before midterms.Nora: We could study together. Maybe some of my organized study habits would rub off on you. Chris: Better yet, maybe you could do my homework for me.Nora: Forget it! That would be cheating.Chris: All right, all right. I have yet to write a term paper. Can you recommend any articles and books?You'd better give me the exact pages where I can find what I want.Nora: Y ou could borrow ideas from those references, but if you quote without giving the sources, you're plagiarizing.Chris: The quiz next week will be a headache. If you don't help me, I'll have to prepare some study sheets and hide them in my hand when I take the test.Nora: Oh, no! If you're caught, the professor will definitely give you an F. Probably, you'll have to repeat the year. You're just going to have to study hard.Chris: All right. I'll take your advice. The library is going to be my new home, and in the dorm I'll be burning the midnight oil.Now Y our TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: We're going to have a test, and I also have a term paper to finish. But I haven't done a thing. I'm really worried now.B: You're going to have to hit the books if you want to get good grades.A: But this course is so difficult that I really don't understand it at all.B: We could study together. Maybe some of my organized study habits can help you.A: Better yet, maybe you could write a term paper for me.B: Forget it! That would be cheating.A: All right, all right. I have yet to write it myself. Maybe I can download some articles from the Internet and piece them together.B: You can borrow ideas from those articles, but if you quote without giving the sources, you're plagiarizing.A: Also, the test next week will be a headache. If you don't help me, I'll have to prepare a cheat sheet and hide it in my hand during the test.B: Oh, no! If you're caught, the professor will definitely give you an EA: I'll try to be careful.B: But if the professor catches you, you'll have to repeat the year. You're just going to have to study hard.A: OK, I'll take your advice. The library's going to be my new home, and in the dorm I'll be burning the midnight oil.MODEL 2 Which Class do you prefer?Chris: First period is math with Mr. Woods. I don't know how am I going to stay awake?Nora: I like Mr. Woods. He's interesting.Chris: He's boring! He could put the entire basketball team to sleep--during the championship game!Who do you have for economics?Nora: Mrs. Jenkins. She's smart. Students really learn ~ lot from her.Chris: She's tough! You have to work hard in her class, or you'll probably fail.Nora: No pain, no gain!Chris: Nonsense. Y ou could have learned even more with Mr. Sharp. But not many students opt for his class.Nora: What's wrong with him?Chris: Often, the highest grade he gives on a term paper is a C+, and he usually fails half of the students.Nora: No wonder he's got the nickname Mr. Shark. Well, how about PE? What are you doing this semester?Chris: That's the worst part. In PE, we're learning tai chi. I'm bored to death.Nora: Ha-ha! Not to rub salt into the wound, but our class is playing your favorite sport: basketball. Chris: Oh...that figures! This is going to be a terrible semester.Nora: This is going to be a great semester!Now Y our TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: The history class is really boring. How am I ever going to stay awake?B: I like the history teacher. She's knowledgeable. She told us a lot of interesting historical events in class.A: But I find her boring! She could put the entire basketball team to sleep--during the championshipgame! Which class do you find dull?B: I hate the economics course. The teacher always talks above my head. So I've lost interest in the course.A: But economics is my favorite. The professor is smart. Most students really learn a lot from him. B: But he's tough! He expects a lot. You have to work hard in his class, or you'll probably fail.A: No pain, no gain!B: Actually not many students opt for his class.A: What's wrong with him?B: Often the highest grade he gives on a term paper is B-. Last semester he failed more than a third of the students, and I was one of them.A: Oh, that's too bad.B: Well, how do you find the English teacher? I don't think much of her, either.A: I find her kind, always willing to answer my questions; she always gives me high marks.B: You're rubbing salt into my wound. She failed me last semester!MODEL 3 Publish or perish!Chris: Tell us, Professor Grant, what are your primary duties as a professor?Professor Grant: Well, I do a lot of research and writing. It's tough being an associate professor. It's publish or perish.Chris: So, you spend a lot of time in your office?Professor Grant: Yes, but I also have to prepare class notes, give lectures, hold office hours. Teaching is an important part of being a professor.Chris: With all those responsibilities, you must make a lot of money.Professor Grant: I wish. Actually, I spend a lot of time applying for grants to fund my research. Then I can offer assistantships and scholarships to the worthy graduate students who canhelp me with my research project.Chris: I see why they call you "the boss". But being a professor sounds pretty competitive. Professor Grant: Actually, I think you were in one of my classes...Chris: Um...I think you're mistaken, Professor Grant!Professor Grant: No, I remember very clearly now! You owe me an essay!Chris: Sorry, I have too much work to do for the Student Union Newsletter, and I have to work two jobs to pay for school.Professor Grant: So you get an F in this course.Now Y our TurnSAMPLE DIALOGA: Professor Smith, I'm from the Student Union newspaper. Many students want to know a Western professor's main duties and compare them with a Chinese professor's duties.B: Well, I do a lot of research and writing. It's tough to be a professor.A: Chinese professors are also facing increasing pressure, as they are required to do more research than before. Professor Smith, do you spend a lot of time on teaching?B: Yes. I have to prepare class notes, give lectures, host seminars, and hold office hours. In fact, teaching is an important part of being a professor, though some professors believe that research is more important than teaching.A: With all those responsibilities, you must make a lot of money, I suppose.B: I wish. Salary is a sensitive topic in the West. Let me say something about research funds. ActuallyI spend a lot of time applying for grants to fund my research.A: How are you going to use the grants?B: With that money, I can offer assistantships and scholarships to graduate students who can help withmy researchproject.A: Now I see why they call you "boss". But being a professor sounds pretty competitive.B: That's true. A lot of young teachers want to be promoted to a professorship.A: What you said has given us a fairly clear picture of a Western professor's primary responsibilities.Thank you very much for your time.B: You're welcome.V. Let’s TalkProblem with our educational systemHi, everybody. My topic today is "Problems with Our Educational System".There are a lot of things in our educational system that I don't agree with. It seems that educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academic performance but neglect students' abilities and interests in other areas. I think there're a lot of people who are very intelligent, but haven't had the opportunities they could've had, had they been educated in a broader-minded educational system. I feel that a lot of courses that students are forced to take in high school are too academic, and, as a result.: many kids have lost their interest in learning.Educators have failed to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They often exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isn't really possible. And as a consequence, some students who are believed to be intelligent can't get into good colleges if they, for example, haven't scored well on the math section, even if they are brilliant writers.Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called "weak students" are separated from the rest of the school. Some kids are kept in a separate class if their grades are lower than others. And they're very aware of their social position, you know. I think it causes them to act in a way that is not really positive. They're just acting in a way that they are expected to act. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And that's pretty sad to me. I think that many of the kids in those classes are intelligent, but never actually realize their potential because of the way they are treated very early on in their education.Key:Problems ResultsEducators just want to give standardized tests. They onlyfocus on academic performance but neglect students'abilities and interests in other areas.Kids lose interest in learning.Educators often exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. Some intelligent kids can't enter good colleges."Weak" students are separated from the rest of the school. Their grades go from bad to worse.VI . Further Listening and SpeakingListeningTask 1: Harvard UniversityHarvard University is the oldest institute of higher learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrims at Plymouth, the university has grown from 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 18,000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14,000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties. Harvard has produced six presidents of the United States and 34 Nobel Prize winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritanchurches throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.Under President Pusey (1953-1971), Harvard started what was then the largest fund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5 million dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard's physical facilities.Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard's 26th president in 1991. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university's schools and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard's main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the importance of the university's excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard's doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage. Key:1. What is the main idea of the passage?B) The development of Harvard University.2. How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning?A) 1.3. What was the role of religion at Harvard University during its early years?C) It was not dominated by a single religious group.4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Pusey's fund-raising program?D) Promoting the university's research.5. What did President Rudenstine do?D) All of the above.Task 2: The Final ExamAt a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, etc., that each had an "A" so far for the semester.These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before finals, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time, but after all the hearty partying, they slept all day Sunday and didn't make it back to school until early Monday morning.Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on the way back, didn't have a spare, and couldn't get help for a long time. As a result, they missed the final.The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate rooms, handed each of them a test booklet, and told them to begin.They looked at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. "Cool," they thought at the same time, each one in his separate room, "This is going to be easy." Each finished the problem and then turned the page.On the second page was a question worth 95 points: "Which of the tires was flat?"Teaching Tips: In the last three blanks, students may use their own words such as "They had a flat tire on the way home. They didn't take along a spare tire, and, for a long time nobody came to help", "put them in different rooms and gave each of them a test paper", and "On the next page there was a95-point question: 'Which tire was flat?'"Task 3: Applying for a place in an American UniversityInternational students often underestimate the amount of time required to apply for admission to a college or university in the United States. Y ou should avoid this mistake by setting yourself a schedule that starts well in advance of the time you hope to begin your studies. When setting this timetable, always remember that doing things early is the best way forward. To find the institution or program that will best serve your academic or professional goals, allow yourself sufficient time to research thoroughly your options. Then meet the application deadlines of the universities to which you apply. These may be as much as 10 months before the beginning of the school term.The need for an early start holds true even if you can apply on the Internet. University websites and other academic Internet sites may provide quick and convenient access to the required application forms, but you still need time to research your options, contact teachers and institutions to obtain recommendations and transcripts of academic records, and sign up for required entrance exams, that is, standardized tests, in time to meet application deadlines. In fact, although some students did score high on TOEFL and GRE, they were not admitted because they failed to meet the deadline.For Reference1. They often underestimate the amount of time required.2. They must allow themselves sufficient time to research thoroughly their options.3. They may provide quick and convenient access to the required application forms.4. They still need to research their options, contact teachers and institutions to obtain recommendations and transcripts of academic records, as well as sign up for required entrance exams or standardized tests.5. Because they failed to meet the deadline.News Report: A Dolphin ExhibitionWhat goes into a prince's education today? For Britain's Prince William, nature played an important role in his education this last winter, as the future king went on a 10-week expedition in Chile with Raleigh International.The experience was a very different one for the prince. He kayaked in ocean fjords, tracked a rare deer, and was stranded on a beach during a storm.He also got used to sleeping on the ground--at times in a room filled with 16 other people--and living in simple conditions.Those who took part, called "volunteers", both contributed and learned. The prince helped locals build wooden walkways and buildings, and taught English to schoolchildren.He was described by other volunteers as hardworking, humble, and laid-back. As one said, "He struck a really good balance between working hard and having fun.., getting on with everyone, and taking on the team spirit."The prince said he liked being treated as an "equal" by other volunteers, who came from all walks of life.Around 20 percent were from problem backgrounds, some having had troubles with drugs or crime.It seems that there's a lot more to education than universities and books, and that the Chilean forests and a little contact with regular people may do a lot for a British prince.。
IBM SPSS Statistics V27 简明指南说明书
输入数值数据.............................................................................................................................................. 17 输入字符串数据.......................................................................................................................................... 18 定义数据..................................................................................................................................................... 19
第 2 章读取数据...................................................................................................... 7
IBM SPSS Statistics 数据文件的基本结构....................................................................................................7 读取 IBM SPSS Statistics 数据文件..............................................................................................................7 读取 Excel 数据.............................................................................................................................................8 从数据库中读取数据...................................................................................................................................11 从文本文件读取数据...................................................................................................................................13
新视野大学英语视听说第二版第三册原文+标准答案
新视野大学英语视听说教程第三册答案Uint 1II. Basic Listening Practice1. ScriptW: Have you chosen your electives for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again?M: Yes I am, but it’s compulsory for us next semester. So I think I’m going to take marketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?2. ScriptM: Did you go to that business strategy lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes.W: I’d say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah has got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown’s lecture。
he takes attendancein that.Q: What does the woman tell the man?3. ScriptW: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?M: I’m enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here preparing for an exam on Monday.Q: Why is the man in the library?4. ScriptW: How’s your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine’s doing a terrible job.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn’t pull his weight and Suzan’s never around. I don’t see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzan realize that this is their last chance.Q: What is true of Steven and Suzan?5. ScriptW: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn’t you? What’s it like?M: It’s expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the cost of food and housing. But the teaching is first-class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching, that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed.Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first-class?Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.AIII. Listening InTask 2: How to select elective courses?ScriptConsider these tips on elective courses and you 'll choose those that will serve you best.To begin with, you should select the courses that fit your profession. It is a good idea to choose elective courses closely related to your chosen profession. Potential employers will appreciate every bit of extra training and knowledge that they don't have to give you. For example, you may select elective courses in chemistry, biology or even physics if you are doing a science major. For business majors, select electives in accounting, business administration, and even computing, as you will never know when these will come in handy in the corporate world.Moreover, you can choose an education that includes many fields of study. If you are taking a heavy load of career-related courses, you may prefer electives that are not directly related to your major. If you receive a well-rounded education, some employers believe that you have better potential. For example, if you have courses in science along with your business degree, you could possibly win a job over someone who majored purely in business with no outside electives.Finally, you can also select a challenging elective course. Part of getting an education is learning how to learn, and elective courses should help you achieve this goal. You need not to memorize all the information from each class, but you should get a better understanding of the world. So, pick elective courses that challenge your belief system and make you look at the world in a different way. For instance, you can consider a philosophy elective if you have been told that you are a little narrow-minded.1 extra training2 chemistry3 accounting4 many fields of study5 better potential6 business degree7 challenging8 how to learn9 better understanding 10 narrow-mindedTask3: How to Get Straight A’sScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on their studytime. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination. Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others get up early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. One student said, “Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.”Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know how to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight A’s, the secret of good reading is to be “an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author’s message”.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting tostudy?2.What did the runner do to score high on the exam?3.What is the thing all top students agree on?4.What does the speaker mean by “an active reader”?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Kes: 1B 2.C3. D 4.A 5.DVI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1: Problems with our educational systemScriptHi, everybody. My topic today is “Problems with Our Educational System”.I disagree on a lot of the ways that things have happened for a long time in our educational system. It seems that educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academic performance and neglect students’ abilities and interest in other areas. I think there’re a lot of people who are very intelligent, but haven’t had the opportunities they could have had if they had learned in a broader-minded educational systems. I feel that a lot of courses that students are required to take in high school are too academic, and, as a result, many kids have lost their interest inlearning.Educators often fail to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They simply exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isn’t really possible. And as a consequencesomestudentsIbelieve to be intelligentcan’t get into good colleges if they, you know, haven’t scored well on the math section, even if they are brilliant writers.Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called weak students are separated from the rest of the school. Some kids are kept in a separate class if their grades are lower then others’. And they’ve very aware of their social position, you know. I think it causes them to act in a way that is not really positive. They’re just acting in a way that they are expected. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And that’s pretty sad. I think that many of the kids in those classes are intelligent, but they never actuallyrealize their potentialbecause of the way they are treated early on inTask 2: The Final ExamScriptAt a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, that each had “A”so far for the semester.These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before the final, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time and didn’t make it back to school until early Monday morning. Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on the way back and didn’t have a spare. As a result, they missed the final.The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate room, handed each of them a paper, and told them to begin.They looked at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on achemical reaction. “Cool,”they thought at the same time, each one in his separate room, “This is going to be easy.”Each finished the problem and then turned the page. On the second page was a question worth 95 points: “Which of the tires was flat?”Task3: Harvard UniversityScriptHarvard University is the oldest institute of highest learning in the United States. Founded 16 years after the arrival of the Pilgrim at Plymouth, the university has grown from nine students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 21,000 students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professional schools. Over 14, 000people work at Harvard, including more than 2,100 faculty members. Harvard has produced eight American presidents and many Nobel Prize winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its early graduates became ministers in Puritan churches throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.Under President Pusey, Harvard started what was then the largest fundraising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5-million-dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expanded Harvard’s physicalfacilities.Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1991. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university’s school and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard’s main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the important of the university’sexcellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard’s doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of adapting the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage.1.What is main idea of the passage?2.How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning?3.What was the relationship between Harvard University and religion during itsearly years?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Pusey’sfundraising program?5.What did President Rudenstine do?Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.DUint 3Culture makes me what I amII. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW:Many Chinese students are too shy to say anything in a classroom.M: I think they don’t speak because their culture values modesty, and they don’t want to appear to be showing off. Goes back to Confucius.Q: Why don’t Chinese students say anything in classroom according to the man? 2.ScriptW:The government is doing something at last about sex discrimination in the workplace. Women deserve the same pay as men for the same work.M:Yeah. In the United States, women earn only 70 percent of what men do for the same job. It’s a situation that has to be changed.Q: What does the man say about women?3. ScriptW:I admire Michael Dell. Hehad a dream to be the world’s largest manufacturer of personal computers, and he has realized that dream.M:And he dropped out of university to become a success. I wonder if there is a lesson in that.Q: What do we learn about Dell from the conversation?4. ScriptM: Successful entrepreneurs are often self-made people who have a vision and know where they are going.W:But do they enjoy life like you and me, or is money their only concern?Q: What are the two speakers’ attitudes toward successful entrepreneurs?5. ScriptW: Do you agree that equal opportunity for all in an educational system is important? M: Yes, but we have to recognize that all of us are not of equal ability.Q: What does the man imply?Keys: 1.C 2.A 3. D 4.B 5.AIII. Listening InTask 1: Competition in AmericaScriptAlan: What are you reading, Eliza?Eliza:An article on American competition.Alan:Competition is everywhere and constant. Why so much fuss about it, Miss Knowledge?Eliza:Don’t make fun of me. According to the author, competition is especially im portant in American life. They’re taught to compete from early childhood.When children play games, they learn how to beat others.Alan: And many girls want to look more attractive than the girls sitting next to them in class. Do you think that way?Eliza:Don’t be silly. Let’s get back to the point. When children are growing up, they compete with one another in their studies.Alan: Isn’t that also true of students in other nations? As we all know, many Asian students kill for a high test score and grab every opportunity to sharpen their competitive edge over others.Eliza:American boys find great pleasure in competing with each other in sports, according to the author.Alan:I do like sports. When our football team beats the other team, I feel great.Makes me want to shout out loud. But isn’t that normal throughout the world? Eliza:American people also compete with each other at work and at climbing the social ladder.Alan: But there’s competition in other countries as well.Eliza: You’re right in a sense, but the author says the idea of competing is more deeply rooted in the minds of Americans. They’re even taught that if you lose and don’t feel hurt, there must be something wrong with you.Alan: I hear that some Asians put emphasis on cooperation. Which approach do you think makes more sense?Eliza: It’s hard to say. Anyway, there’s no accounting for different cultures.1.What is the dialog mainly about?2.What is the woman doing?3.What do children learn from playing games according to the woman?4.What does the ma n say about students’ studies?5.What does the woman say when asked which makes more sense, competition orcooperation?Keys: 1.C 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.DTask 2: Americans’ Work EthicScriptFor four hundred years or more, one thing has been a characteristic of Americans. It is called their “work ethic”. Its (S1)roots were in the teaching of the Christian Puritans who first settled in(S2) what is now the northeastern state of Massachusetts. They believed that it was their (S3)moral duty to work at every task to please God by their (S4) diligence, honesty, attention to details, skill, and attitude. To these Puritans, it was a (S5) sin to be lazy or to do less than your best in any task. They and later Americans tried to follow the Bible’s (S6) teachings, “If a man will not work, he shall not eat.”Therefore, Americans have for (S7) centuries believed that they were guilty of sin if they did not work as carefully and hard as they could when they did anything. God would punish those who were careless or lazy in their work. (S8) Even as children they were taught, “If it’s worth doing at all, it’s worth doing well.”But some people have gone beyond the usual sense of diligence. They are especially attracted to the notion of “climbing the ladder” so as to increase their s tatus, financial position, and sense of self-worth. (S9) In English a new word has been created to describe people who work compulsivelly. The word “workaholic” describes an individual who is as addicted to work as an alcoholic is to alcohol.There are conflicting points of view about workaholics. Those concerned with problems of mental stress believe workaholics abuse themselves physically and mentally. (S10) Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productive. The American culture values achievement, efficiency, and production, and a workaholic upholds these values.Task 3: Cross-cultural ips on doing businessScriptCountries from around the globe, such as Germany, the U. S., The U.K., and Russia, conduct a lot of business in China--the biggest market in the world. Here are some tips to help you deal more successfully with people from those nations.Firstly, you must be punctual with the Germans. Being even five minutes late makes a poor impression. Being punctual is alao very important with the Americans and the British. But while it's important to be on time for business meetings, nobody expects you to be punctual for a special event. Half past seven really means a quarter to eight, or even eight o'clock! With Russians, always be on time, but don't be surprised if your Russian contact is very late! It is not unusual for them to be one or even two hours late!In the business environment of those four countries, it is best to wear formal clothes of dark colors. In Russia, designer clothes are rather common. However, don't be surprised if you go to an office in the U.K. on a Friday and find everyone wearing jeans. Many companies in the U.K. have "dress down Fridays", when people wear casual attire.In conversation, the British and the Americans love humor and talking about sports.The weather is also a good topic of conversation with the British, but you should avoid political talk. With the Russians, say positive things about their country, and avoid making complaints. The Germans, however, prefer to get straight down to business!Remember that with the Germans, once a deal has been agreed upon, you can't change it! With the Americans, money is more important than relationships, whereas with the Russians it's important to get to know your contacts well. Also, don't be surprised if a British meeting seems like chaos, with everyone participating and giving opinions! Remember these tips and you will be on your way to a successful international business career!Questions and key1.What is true of the Americans and the British in terms of punctuality?2.In which country do people have "dress down Fridays"?3.What can you infer about the Russians from their conversation?4.How can you do business well with the Russians?5.What is the speaker's attitude toward the four nationalities?Keys: 1.D 2.A 3.D 4.A 5.CVI.Further Listening and SpeakingTask 1: PunctualityScriptTo Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people’s time. Being more than 10 minutes late to an appointment usually calls for an apology, and maybe an explanation. People who are running late often call ahead to let others know of the delay. Of course, the less formal the situation, the less important it is to be exactly on tome. At informal get-togethers, for example, people often arrive as much as 30 minutes past the appointed time. But they usually don’t try that at work.American lifestyles show how much people respect the time of others. When people plan an event, they often set the time days or weeks in advance. Once the time is fixed, it takes almost an emergency to chance it. If people want to come to your house for a friendly visit, they will usually call first to make sure it is convenient. Only very close friends will just “drop in” unannounced. Also, people hesitate to call others late at night for fear they might be in bed. The time may vary, but most folks think twice about calling after 10:00 p.m.To outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in some Eastern cultures value relationships more than schedules. In these societies, people don’t try to control time, but to experience it. Many Eastern cultures, for example, view time as a cycle. The rhythm of nature---from the passing of seasons to the monthly cycle of themoon---shapes their view of events. If they have wasted some time or let an opportunity pass by, they are not very worried, knowing that more time and opportunities will come in the next cycle. But Americans often want to jump at the first opportunity. They are unwilling to stand by idly and give up the opportunity. The early American hero Benjamin Franklin expressed that view of time like this: “Do you love life? Then do now waste time, for that is the stuff life is made of.”1.According to the passage, when people are late in America, what do they do?2.According to the passage, what do Americans do after the time for an appointmentis fixed?3.How do people in some Eastern countries view relationships and schedules?4.According to the passage, why aren’t some Eas tern people worried if they let anopportunity pass by?5. What was Benjamin Franklin’s view of time?Keys: 1.C 2.B 3.A 4.C 5.DUint 4Taste the sweets and bitters of family life. II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptM: Amy, sit down, we need to talk. Your mother and I are going to separate.W: What! Are you crazy? You can’t do that! What will my friends say? I just want to have a normal family.Q: What is the girl saying?2. ScriptM: Good evening, Mrs. Jones. The manager sent you these roses and his best wishes to you both for a happy anniversary.W: Thank you. We like the room and the service here, and we especially appreciate the manager’s consideration/Q: What can we learn from the conversation?3. ScriptW: While I’m scrambling the eggs, could you put the flour into the bowl?M: You bet, darling. I’ll also turn the oven on so that it gets warmed up.Q: Where does this conversation probable take place?4. ScriptW: I have a very important meeting tonight, and I’m afraid I can’t miss it.M: But this evening is the parent s’meeting at school, and I was expecting you’d come to it. OK, I’ll phone Dad, maybe he and his girlfriend will come.Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?5. ScriptW1: So you’re still single? If you’d listen to me and used the Internet, you’d have a husband by now.W2: I did use the Internet. I posted an ad that read “Husband Wanted”. There were dozens of e-mail responses. But they all said pretty much the same thing: You can have mine.Q: What can we infer from the conversation?Keys: 1.C 2.A3.B 4.C 5.DIII. Listening InTask1: Nuclear Family Living PatternsScriptA nuclear family is typical in high-industrialized societies. Beginning in the early 20th century, the two-parent family known as the nuclear family was the predominant American family type. Generally children live with their parents until they go away to a college or university, or until they acquir e their own jobs and move into their own apartment or home.In the early mid-20th century, the family typically was the sole wage earner, and the mother was the children’s principle care giver. Today, often both parents hold jobs. Dual-earner families are the predominant type for families with children in the United States. Increasingly, one of the parents has a non-standard shift。
视听说III 原文和答案 Unit1
VLS B3 Unit 1II. Basic Listening Practice1.ScriptW: Have you chosen your elective for next semester yet? Are you taking French writing again?M: Yes I am, but it’s compulsory for us next semester. So I think I’m gong to do marketing as an elective instead.Q: Which class will the man choose as his elective?2.ScriptM: Did you go to that businesses lecture on Friday? I missed it and need to copy your notes.W: I’d say you could borrow my notes, but Sarah’s got them. Be careful not to miss Professor Brown’s seminar; he takes attendance in that.Q: What is the woman telling the man?3. ScriptW: Wow, Steven! In the library! What brings you here?M: I’m enjoying the view. All the girls in fashion design are here are preparing for an exam on Monday. Q: Why is the man in the library?4. ScriptW: How’s your group doing with this statistics presentation? Mine’s terrible.M: Yeah, mine too. David and Mike are OK, but Steven doesn’t pull his weight and Suzie’s never around.I don’t see how we can pass unless Steven and Suzie realize that this is their last chance.Q: What is the true of Steven and Suzie?5. ScriptW: You took an MBA at Harvard Business School, didn’t you? What’s it like?M: It’s expensive, about U.S. $ 40,000 a year, plus the costs of food and housing. But the teaching is first class. The professors have a lot of practical experience. They use the case system of teaching; that is, you study how actual businesses grew or failed.Q: Why is he MBA teaching in Harvard Business School first class, according to the conversation? Keys: 1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.AIII. Listening InTask1: On the First DayScript(V oice-over: Harison meets Jenny before the first class.)Harrison: I'm Harrison. Good to meet you.Jenny: Good to meet you. I'm Jenny.Harrison: So, you've bought the books for this biology class.Jenny: Yeah. I think everyone had to before class started. 'Harrison: No. Usually no one does much on the first day because it's still add-drop.Jenny: What's that?Harrison: Changing from class to class to find out which is best.Jenny: Have you had this teacher before? I've heard he is really good.Harrison: He's good if you're a hard worker. He expects a lot.Jenny: Oh, I guess that's good. I hope I can keep up with everyone else in the class. Maybe I need your help after class.Harrison: You're welcome.(V oice-over: Jenny catches up with Harison after the first class.)Jenny: Harrison, wait up!Harrison: So what do you think of the professor's lecture?Jenny: I think about half of what he said went over my head.Harrison: Don't worry. A lot of what he said is explained in the reading.Jenny: Hey, would you mind if I borrowed your notes tonight to look them over?Harrison: No problem. We don't have class until Wednesday. Here you go.Jenny: Thanks. I just want to make sure I'm prepared for the seminar.Harrison: Yeah. Participation in the discussion is an important part of the education here.Key(1)the first day (2)changing (3) really good (4) hard workers (5) went over her head(6) explained (7)notes (8)Wednesday (9) participation (10) educationTask 2: How to select elective courses?ScriptConsider these tips on elective courses and you'll choose those that will serve you best.To begin with, you should select the courses that fit your profession. It is a good idea to choose elective courses closely related to your chosen profession. Potential employers will appreciate every bit of extra training and knowledge that they don't have to give you. For example, you may select elective courses in chemistry, biology or even physics if you are doing a science major. For business majors, select electives in accounting, business administration, and even computing, as you'll never know when these will come in handy in the corporate world.Moreover, you can choose an education that includes many fields of study. If you are taking a heavy load of career-related courses, you may prefer electives that are not directly related to your major. If you receive a well-rounded education, some employers believe that you have better potential. For example, if you have courses in science along with your business degree, you could possibly win a job over someone who majored purely in business with no outside electives.Finally, you can also select a challenging elective course. Part of getting an education is learning how to learn, and elective courses should help you achieve this goal. You need not to memorize all the information from each class, but you should get a better understanding of the world. So, pick elective courses that challenge your belief system and make you look at the world in a different way. For instance, you can consider a philosophy elective if you have been told that you are a little narrow-minded.Key(1) extra training (2) chemistry(3) accounting (4) many fields of study(5) better potential (6) business degree(7) challenging (8) how to learn(9) better understanding (10) narrow-mindedTask3: How to Get Straight A’sScriptIt is interesting to note how straight A students achieve academic excellence. Here, according to education experts and students themselves are the secrets of super-achievers.First, they know how to set priorities. Top students allow no intrusions on study time. Once the books are open or the computer is turned on, phone calls go unanswered, TV shows unwatched, snacks ignored. Study is business, and business comes before recreation.Also, good students can study anywhere and everywhere. Claudia Hill, an Arizona State University business professor recalls a cross-country runner who worked out every day. Hill persuaded him to use his spare time to memorize biology term. Then he posted a list of biology terms on the mirror in the bathroom. He learned a few terms every day while brushing his teeth. Eventually, he scored high on the final examination.Moreover, top students schedule their time well. Study times are strictly a matter of personal preference. Some work late at night when the house is quiet. Others awake early. Still others study as soon as they come home from school when the work is fresh in their minds. All agreed, however, on the need for consistency. A student says, “Whatever I was doing, I maintained a certain period of time every day for studying.”Another important characteristic of super-achievers is that they know hoe to read, According to a book entitled Getting Straight A’s, the secret of good reading is to be “an active reader-one who continually asks questions that lead to a full understanding of the author’s message”.1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about super—achievers starting to study?2.What did the runner do to score high on the exam?3.What is the good thing all top students agree on?4.What does the speaker mean by “an active reader”?5.What is the main idea of the passage?Key: 1B 2.C3. D 4.A 5.DIV. Speaking OutMODEL 1 Y ou’re just going to have study hardNora: Only our first day back at school, and already I feel like I’ve learned a lot.Chris: Only our first day back at school, and I already feel like I’m up to my ears in homework.Nora: You’re going to have to hit the books if you want to keep your grades up.Chris: Tell me about it! I already have two reports, two books reports, a composition, an oral report, anda research project—all due before midterms.Nora: We could work together. Maybe some of my organized study habit would rub off on you.Chris: Better yet, maybe you could do my homework for me.Nora: Forget it! That would be cheating.Chris: All right, all right. I have yet to write a term paper. Can you recommend any articles and books?You’d better find me the exact pages where I can find what I want.Nora: You could borrow ideas from references, but if you quote without giving the sources, you’re plagiarizing.Chris: The quiz next week will be a headache. If you don’t help me, I’ll have to prepare some study sheets and hide them in my hand when I take the test.Nora: Oh, no! If you’re caught, the professor will definitely give you an F. Probably, you will have to repeat the year.Chris: All right, I’ll take your advice. The library is going to be my new home, and in the dorm I’ll be burning the midnight oil.MODEL2 Which class do you prefer?ScriptChris: First period is math with Mr. Woods. I don’t know how am I going to stay awake?Nora: I like Mr. Wood. He’s interesting.Chris: He’s boring! He could put the entire basketball team to sleep—during the championship game!Who do you have for economics?Nora: Mrs. Jenkins. She’s smart. Students really learn a lot from her.Chris: She’s tough! You have to work hard in her class, or you’ll probably fail.Nora:No pain, no gain.Chris: Nonsense, You could have learned even more with Mr. Sharp. But not many students opt for his class.Nora: What’s wrong with him?Chris: Often, the highest grade he gives on a term paper is C+, and he usually fails half of the students. Nora:No wonder he’s got the nickname Mr. Shark. Well, how about PE? What are you doing this semester?Chris: That’s the worst part. In PE, we’re learning t’ai chi. I’m bored to death.Nora: Ha-ha! Not to rub salt into the wound, but our class is playing your favorite sport: basketball. Chris: Oh…that figures! This is going to be a terrible semester.Nora: This is going to be a great semester!MODEL3 Publish or perishScriptChris: Tell us, Professor Grant, What are your primary duties as a professor?Professor Grant: Well,I do a lot of research and writing.It’s rough being an associate professor. It’s publish or perish.Chris: So you spent a lot of time in your office?Professor Grant: Yes, but I also have to prepare class motes, give lectures, hold office hours. Teaching is an important part of being a professor.Chris: With all those responsibilities, you must make a lot of money.Professor Grant: I wish. Actually, I spend a lot of tome applying foe grants to fund my research. Then Ican offer assistantships and scholarships to the worthy graduate.Chris: I see why they call you “the boss”. But being a professor sounds pretty competitive. Professor Grant: Actually, I think you were in one of my classes…Chris: Um….I think you’re mistaken, Professor Grant!Professor Grant: No, I remember very clearly now! You owe me an essay!Chris: Sorry, I have too much work to do for the Student Union Newsletter, and I have to work two jobs to pay for school.Professor Grant:So you get an F in this course.V. Let’s TalkInterviewee: It's a really difficult balance to strike, actually maintaining the (1)quality but making sure as many (2)young people as possible and older people as well-there's been a surge in the number of over 25s applying, and wetake many people who are over (3)25. But we've got to get that balance right. It's going to be terribly(4)difficult for us next year.Hostess: Given the cuts that the (5)government announced a couple of weeks ago, and the numbers that we know in terms of applications, where are you going to draw that line? Are you going to have to look at cuttingintake in order to maintain the (6)quality of the courses?Intewiewee: We're trying not to (7)cut intake at the moment. But what it means is we're going to have to be(8)extra-cautious in the number of offers we make, because we simply cannot (9) afford to go over ourquota of the number of places that we can offer. Because if we do, it means that we could be fined, or wejust simply haven't got enough money to make sure the students' (10)experience is right. So it means thatmaybe last year we would allow a few (11) more people to have an offer. This year is going to be tougher. Hostess: Do you lay some of the (12)blame for the situation at the door of the government?Interviewee: If you look to France, Sarkozy is actually increasing the (13)budget for higher education.Obama in the U.S. has done the same thing. So we're just slightly (14)puzzled as to why the governmentseems to- be cutting back on higher education rather than pumping more money into what we think is a(15)service that is absolutely vital for the economy.VI. Further Listening and SpeakingTask1:ScriptHi, everybody. My topic today is “Problems with Our Educational System”.There are a lot of things in our educational system that I don’t agree with. It seems that educators just want to give standardized tests, which focus only on academic performance but neglect students’ abilities and interests in other areas. I think there’re a lot of people who are very intelligent, but haven’t had the opportunities they could’ve had, had they been educated in a broader-minded educational systems. I feel that a lot of courses that students are focused to take in high school are too academic, and, as a result, many kids lost their interest in learning.Educators have failed to recognize various kinds of intelligence. They often exert a lot of pressure on students to be as well-rounded as possible. I think being well-rounded isn’t really possible. And as a consequence some students who are believed to be intelligent can’t get into good colleges if they, for example, haven’t scored well on the math section, even if they ate brilliant writers.Another thing that disturbs me is that the so-called “weak students”are separated from the rest of theschool. Some kids are kept in a separate class id their grades are lower then others. And they’ve very aware of their social position, you know. I think it causes them to act in a way that is not really positive. They’re just acting in a way that they are expected to act. Often their grades go from bad to worse. And that’s pretty sad to me. I think that many of the kids in those classed are intelligent, but never actually realize their potential because of the way they are treated very early on in their education.Key(1) standardized tests (2) abilities and interest (3) interest (4) pressure(5)well-rounded (6) get into good colleges (7) the rest of the school (8) from bad to worse Task 2: The Final ExamScriptAt a university, there were four sophomores taking a chemistry course. They were doing so well on all the quizzes, midterms, labs, that each had “A” so far for the semester.These four friends were so confident that on the weekend before finals, they decided to go up to the University of Virginia and party with some friends there. They had a great time, but after all the hearty partying, they slept all day Sunday and didn’t make it back to school until early Monday morning. Rather than taking the final then, they decided to find their professor after the final exam and explain to him why they missed it. They explained that they had planned to come back in time for the final exam, but, unfortunately, they had a flat tire on the way back, didn’t have a spare, and couldn’t get help for a long time. As a result, they missed the final.The professor thought it over and then agreed they could make up the final the following day. The guys were relieved and elated. The next day, the professor placed them in separate room, hand each of them a test booklet, and told them to begin.They took at the first problem, worth five points. It was a simple question on a chemical reaction. “Cool,”they thought at the same time, each one in his separate room, “This is going to be easy.” Each finished the problem and then turned the page.On the second page was a question worth 95 points: “Which of the tires was flat?”Task 3 Harvard UniversityScriptHarvard University is the oldest institute of highest learning in her United States. Founded 16years after the arrival of the Pilgrim at Plymouth, the university has grown from 9 students with a single master to the present enrollment of more than 18,000students, including undergraduates and students in 10 graduate and professor schools. Over14, 000 people work at Harvard, including more than 2,000 faculties. Harvard has produces six presidents of the United States and 34 Noel winners.During its early years, Harvard offered a classic academic course based on the model of English universities, but consistent with the prevailing Puritan philosophy. Although many of its graduates became ministers in Puritan church throughout New England, the university never formally affiliated with a specific religious group.Under President Pusey (1953-1971), Harvard started what was then the largest fund-raising campaign in the history of American higher education. It was an 82.5 million dollar program for the university. The program increased faculty salaries, broadened student aid, created new professorships, and expandedHarvard’s physical facilities.Neil L. Rudenstine took office as Harvard’s 26th president in 1001. As part of an overall effort to achieve greater coordination among the university’s school and faculties, Rudenstine encouraged academic planning and identified some of Harvard’s main intellectual priorities. He also stressed the important of the university’s excellence in undergraduate education, the significance of keeping Harvard’s doors open to students from families of different economic backgrounds, the task of as aping the research university to an era of both rapid information growth and serious fund shortage.1.What is main idea of the passage?2.How many teachers did Harvard have at the very beginning?3.What was the relationship between Harvard University and religion during its early years?4.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as an achievement of President Pusey’s fund-raisingprogram?5.What did President Rudenstine do?Keys: 1.B 2.A 3.C 4.D 5.DViewing and speakingScriptHost: Well, David Lammy, the University Minister, joins me from Westminster. Now thanks for joining us this lunchtime, Mr. Lammy. How do these cuts_ tie in with your much trumpeted commitment to increasing higher education?Interviewee: Well, I think it's important to remind viewers that we will spend well over 12 billion pounds on higher education this year and to also say that there will be more students at university next year than ever before in our history. But what is important is that when they get to university, is that they have good facilities, good buildings, that they have good contact with their lecturers and, for students from poorer backgrounds that they receive a grant. And you know 40 percent of students who are going to university are in receipt of some grants. So we have to plan. . .Host: But there's going to be less money next year. That's the bottom line, isn't it?Interviewee: Er, we are asking universities to make a one percent cut in their teaching grant. That's 51 million out of a total budget of over five billion. Look, I think there are families across the country preparing for Christmas spending a bit less and they're, you know, it's a lot more than one percent that they're, they're feeling. So I think this is reasonable to ask universities if we are to ensure that we can continue to send more young people to university and we remain committed to that. Host: And briefly, what about these two-year degrees? This is a reduction in standards, isn't it? Interviewee: Well, we, we, we. . . It's important in this country that we remember that students aren't just the classic 18- to 21-year-old undergraduates. We want mature students. We want more part-time students and over the last few years we've been growing the number of foundation degree, two-year degrees that ensure that transition into high university and high level skills. That's what we want to support and that's what we're indicating in the grant letter that we've sent to universities over the last few days.Host: OK. David Lammy, thank you so much for joining us.Interviewee: Thank you.Key(1) increasing (2) 12 (3) more (4) facilities (5) lecturers (6) poorer (7) grant (8) one (9)budget (10) less (11) young (12) classic (13) part-time (14) growing。
Presentation2
• This method is for if you are quoting an author directly, or using their exact words, from a book, text, from the internet or whatever. It is exactly the same as the first way I’ve shown you, but if you do this, you also need to put down a colon [ : ] and the page number.
• i.e. (Standing .n.d.)
• If you use the authors name in the text, this is fine, then you just have to put the date after the author. So for example: Standing (2013) observes that these debates are important in China’s urban policy.
Referencing
Referencing
• Referencing is a very important part of writing essays, especially if you’re doing academic ones, so I’m just going to quickly talk about different ways of referencing and then set you some related homework.
Author – Year – Title of Story –Title of Website/Newspaper [online] when uploaded – Available at: [Accessed when].
AP统计学第二章
a scatterplot, gives an immediate visual impression of a possible relationship between two variables(quantitative variables).
correlation measures the strength of a linear relationship
统计学是通过搜索、整理、分析、描述数据等手段，以达到 推断所测对象的本质，甚至预测对象未来的一门综合性科学。 其中用到了大量的数学及其它学科的专业知识，它的使用范 围几乎覆盖了社会科学的各个领域。统计学的中心问题就是 研究变量之间的关系，以及如何根据样本去探求有关总体的 真实情况。
变量（variable）被赋值以后成为数据(data)
通过回归方程的表达式，可以预测(计算) 任意一个样本之外的y的取值
Computer output:
异常值和强影响点
In a scatterplot, regression outliers are indicated by points falling far away from the overall pattern. That is, a point is an outlier if its
√ The interquartile range, IQR ,which is the range of middle 50%.
IQR=Q3-Q1
Rule: A numerical rule sometimes used for designating outliers is to calculate 1.5 times the interquartile range (IQR) and then call a value an outlier :
学做Presentation(4)
学做Presentation(4)图表就像是“数字地图”，可以让看的人一目了然。
成功的演说者应该就这些数字、图表加以诠释，让听众即刻掌握这些数字之间的关系。
The statistics I've just given show that Taiwan is definitely a youth-oriented market, and will remain so for another ten years. The companies that successfully target this segment have higher sales and larger market shares year in and year out. I've prepared a few diagrams showing which companies dominate the market, and the types of advertising they use to keep their sales.我刚才给各位的统计数字说明台湾的确是一个以年轻人为导向的市场，而且未来十年之内仍然会继续是这种状况。
因此看准了并打进这个市场区间的企业，每年就能有较高的业绩和市场占有率。
我另外还准备了一些图来说明是哪几家公司主宰了目前的市场，以及这些公司运用哪些广告来维持他们的业绩。
This bar chart shows the top four companies and their market shares: the American Jonny&Jammy Company leads the pack with 29%, followed by the domestic firm, V08, at 21%. The Japanese MARUMI is next with 17%, and the French company, La-Rose, is last with 12%. The next chart, a pie graph, shows a breakdown of their advertising: the largest wedge at 62% represents TV commercials; a quarter of their budget goes to magazine and newspaper ads, and the remainder is for purchasing advertising and posters placed in shops where their products are sold.从这个条形图表可以看出四家的公司以及他们的市场占有率。
statistic用法
statistic用法Statistic是一个英语单词，它的意思是“统计学”，也可以指“统计数据”。
在日常生活中，我们经常会用到Statistic这个词，尤其是在工作或学习中需要进行数据分析和处理的时候。
下面将详细介绍Statistic的用法。
一、作为名词使用1.1 指统计学Statistic作为名词时，最常见的用法是指“统计学”。
例如：- Statistics is a branch of mathematics that deals with the collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.（统计学是数学的一个分支，它涉及数据的收集、分析、解释、展示和组织。
）- He has a degree in statistics.（他拥有一份统计学学位。
）1.2 指统计数据Statistic还可以指“统计数据”。
例如：- The statistic shows that the unemployment rate has increased by 2% in the last quarter.（这个统计数据显示，上个季度失业率增加了2%。
）- According to the statistics, the number of tourists visiting this city has doubled in the past year.（根据统计数据，去年来访该市的游客数量翻了一番。
）二、作为形容词使用Statistic还可以作为形容词使用，表示“统计的”、“统计学的”。
例如：- The statistic analysis of the data reveals some interesting patterns.（对数据进行的统计分析揭示了一些有趣的模式。
）- She is a statistician who specializes in statistical modeling.（她是一位专门从事统计建模的统计学家。
21六西格玛
种类 好 / 坏
机器1, 机器2, 机器3
班次 记数事件 （如文件中的错误数, 装船的部品数，等） - 连续的数据 (有意义的小数)
计量型数据（ Variable Data ） (定量的)
时间(秒) 压力 (psi) 传送带速度 (ft/min) Rate (inches) 等等.
Data的种类
统计分析路径图
输出 记数型 记数型 输入 Chi-square 计量型 散布分析 相关分析 多重回归
计量型
判别式分析 Logistic regression
基本统计 -7-
统计的基础
• 在统计调查中可以基于概率论知识，通过观察被调查对象的一部分的 结果对总体作以统计性的推测.
我们不可能对所有事件(或现象)都进行调查，而且这样会消耗很多时 间和费用.所以我们可以从母集团选择sample,并通过求出sample的代 表值来推测母集团.
所以, Total
2 2 X X
1
2B
基本统计 -22-
流程的散布 工程中散布的允许水准 (Variability)
• 旧的观点 : 下面的情况可以容忍. - 工序的平均值位于目标值，与规格相比总散布要小，工序随时间 的变化呈现稳定状态. • 新的观点 : - 即便是在管理规格内,随着远离目标所发生的费用将与远离目标 的距离的平方成比例增长(Taguchi loss function)
A
75
X-Bar Chart for Process A
B
UCL=77.20 80
X-Bar Chart for Process B
UCL=77.27
Sample Mean
药品统计 英语
药品统计英语以下是为您提供的 20 个关于“写药品统计”的英语相关内容：**一、单词**1. "Drug" ：药品；毒品- 英语释义：A substance used in medicine or sometimes illegally for its effects on the mind or body.- 用法："This new drug has shown promising results in clinical trials."（这种新药在临床试验中显示出了有希望的结果。
）2. "Statistics" ：统计；统计学；统计资料- 英语释义：The collection, analysis, interpretation, presentation, and organization of data.- 用法："The statistics on crime rates are quite alarming."（犯罪率的统计数据相当惊人。
）3. "Compile" ：编写；编纂；编译- 英语释义：To collect and put together (information, documents, etc.) in an organized way.- 用法："The researcher compiled a detailed report on the study."（研究人员编写了一份关于该研究的详细报告。
）4. "Record" ：记录；记载；录制- 英语释义：To write down or store information so that it can be looked at or used in the future.- 用法："Please record your observations carefully."（请仔细记录您的观察结果。
统计chap002
Self-Review 2–1(cont.)
(a) Is the data qualitative or quantitative? Why? (b) What is the table called? What does it show? (c) Develop a bar chart to depict the information. (d) Develop a pie chart using the relative frequencies.
A relative frequency captures the relationship between a class total and the total number of observations.
2-7
Graphic Presentation of Qualitative Data
2-4
class frequency
To summarize this qualitative data, we classify the vehicles as either domestic (coded as 1) or foreign (coded as 0) and count the number in each class. We use vehicle type to develop a frequency table
2-12
Example(cont.)
1. What type of measurement scale is used for ease of navigation?
2. Draw a bar chart for the survey results. 3. Draw a pie chart for the survey results.
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As n increases,
σ x decreases
Smaller sample size
Larger sample size
μ
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
x
Chap 7-3
σ XZ n
where X is the point estimate Z is the normal distribution critical value for a probability of /2 in each tail σ/ n is the standard error
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 7-17
Statistics Part I Sampling Distributions
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 7-1
Sampling Distributions
Sampling Distributions
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 7-13
General Formula
Thห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ general formula for all confidence intervals is:
Point Estimate ± (Critical Value)(Standard Error)
Z= 1.96
Upper Confidence Limit
Chap 7-18
X units:
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Common Levels of Confidence
Commonly used confidence levels are 90%, 95%, and 99%
No probability involved in a specific interval
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 7-16
Confidence Interval for μ (σ Known)
Based on observations from 1 sample
Gives information about closeness to unknown population parameters
Stated in terms of level of confidence
Can never be 100% confident
In the long run, 95% of all the confidence intervals that can be constructed will contain the unknown true parameter
A specific interval either will contain or will not contain the true parameter
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 7-15
Confidence Level, (1-)
(continued)
Suppose confidence level = 95% Also written (1 - ) = 0.95 A relative frequency interpretation:
If the Population is not Normal
We can apply the Central Limit Theorem:
Even if the population is not normal, …sample means from the population will be approximately normal as long as the sample size is large enough.
Central Tendency
μx μ
Variation
μ
Sampling Distribution (becomes normal as n increases) Smaller sample size
x
Larger sample size
σ σx n
μx
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Confidence Level 80% 90% 95% 98% 99% 99.8% 99.9%
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
x
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc. Chap 7-5
If the Population is not Normal
(continued)
Population Distribution
Sampling distribution properties:
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 7-14
Confidence Level
Confidence Level
Confidence for which the interval will contain the unknown population parameter A percentage (less than 100%)
We can estimate a Population Parameter …
with a Sample Statistic (a Point Estimate)
Mean Proportion
μ π
X p
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 7-12
Estimation Process
Random Sample Population
(mean, μ, is unknown) Sample
Mean X = 50 I am 95% confident that μ is between 40 & 60.
x
Chap 7-6
How Large is Large Enough?
For most distributions, n > 30 will give a sampling distribution that is nearly normal For fairly symmetric distributions, n > 15 For normal population distributions, the sampling distribution of the mean is always normally distributed
Chap 7-8
Point and Interval Estimates
A point estimate is a single number, a confidence interval provides additional information about variability
Upper Confidence Limit
Finding the Critical Value, Z
Consider a 95% confidence interval: 1 0.95
Z 1.96
α 0.025 2
Z units:
α 0.025 2
Z= -1.96
Lower Confidence Limit
0
Point Estimate
Chap 7-10
Confidence Intervals
How much uncertainty is associated with a point estimate of a population parameter? An interval estimate provides more information about a population characteristic than does a point estimate Such interval estimates are called confidence intervals
Business Statistics, A First Course (4e) © 2006 Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Chap 7-4
Central Limit Theorem
As the sample size gets large enough…