英语国家社会文华
英语国家社会与文化入门
Part One True or False1、Britain is no longer an imperial country.T2The stereotype of the English gentlemen never applied the majority of the British people. T3、Northern Ireland is part of Great Britain. F4、Most people in Scotland speak the old Celtic language ，called “Gaelic ”. F5、Ireland is part of Great Britain. F6、Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. T7、The divine right of the king(君权神授) means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects .8、As the king in the theory had God in his side ，it was thought that he should exercise absolute power.FF9、Britain ，like Israel ，has a written constitutions of the sort which most countries have. F10、In the UK ，a government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptionalcircumstance.T11、There are two(three) national parties in the UK according to the text. F12、The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North(South) Asiaand Caribbean countries.13、By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant in the world.14、Another reason for British decline is the loss of its colonies ，especially India ，whichgained its independence in 1947.FT T 15、The service industry in the U.K. employs 70% of the total work force. T16、Much early British literature was concerned with Christianity ，and Anglo-Saxonsproduced many versions of Bible.17、William Shakespeare is a great poet and much known of his life.18、The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and theother basic skills but also to socialize children.19、The state seldom interferes with the decision of when ，where ，how and what childrenare taught.20、When the Second World War ended ，Britain no longer was the largest military powerin Western Europe.21、According to the text ，the most important single factor which influences British policy-makers is its history.22、The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreignpolicy.23、The British host a large American military presence and there are 63 American militarybases in the UK.24、On an average day ，an overwhelming majority of Britons over the age of 15 read anational or local paper.TFTFFTTT T 25、The Advertising Code ensures that advertisements are legal ，decent ，honest andtruthful ；have a sense of responsibility for consumer and society ；and respect theprincipals of fair competition.T26、The tabloids are smaller format newspapers with color photos and catchy headlines.They often called “the gutter press ”.T27、The tradition of having Sunday off derived from the Christian Church. T28The origin of Browning lies in the victory celebration ceremony by the ancient warriors. T给大家推荐一个英语微信群Empty Your Cup英语微信群是目前学习英语最有效的方法，群里都是说英语，没有半个中文，而且规则非常严格，是一个超级不错的英语学习环境，群里有好多英语超好的超牛逼的人，还有鬼佬和外国美眉。
英语国家社会与文化(英1)
•
英语国家概况
Content of the course
1. Content of the text-book: 16 units including politics, economy, culture, education, sports, entertainment etc. of English-speaking countries
障碍,困难
忽略 必然的,不可避免的 居住 成一体, 与……结合起来 拘留;收容 熔岩,火山岩 合法性 对……作神话解释
Words & Expressions
v. n.
v. n. v. n. n. adj.
强调 帝国
遇到，受到 种族 夸张 画廊，美术馆 移居 帝国的
Part III Words & Expressions
multiracial
Pakistan sovereignty stereotype stockbroker tend
adj.
n. n. n. n. v.
The Society & Culture of Major English-speaking Countries, an Introduction 英语国家社会与文化入门
授课老师：柴 能
英语国家概况
Course objectives
• Learners will be greatly motivated to know the world of English-speaking countries, esp. about GB and USA, enrich their knowledge and broaden their horizons through attending the course and make English their routine working language, thus a sustainable English acquisition mode can be achieved.
英语国家社会与文化知识要点汇总
Unit OneIntroduction& Unit 1The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英语国家社会与文化课程的主要内容与要求，了解文化的概念；同时对英国有一个总体上的了解。
教学意义:帮助学生了解主要英语国家的社会与文化概貌，如地理、历史、政治、经济、社会生活和文化传统等方面的基本知识。
教学重点:文化的概念；英国基本情况。
教学难点:英国概况教学方式：以电子课件为主，辅以少量板书的课堂讲授。
教学内容: (详见下页）1.什么是文化？2．英国国土与人民英国的不同名称及其区域3. 伦敦概况教学方法：采取教师教授为主，结合学生课堂讨论。
时间分配: What is culture? (10 分钟.);What’s th e relation between Culture and society? (10 分钟);Why should we learn culture (10 分钟);UK- a complicated country with a complicated name(40 分钟)A Brief Idea about London. (20 分钟)课堂板书:1. Culture-the foundation of communication2. The four parts of UK3. Main cities of EnglandLondonBirmingham-second largest city of England.Liverpool-second largest port of EnglandManchester- industrial and commercial centre.课后作业: Exercises in Unit 1Unit OnePart One1.What is culture?Culture-the foundation of communicationCulture is very abstract and complicated. Concretely speaking, it refers to all the aspects of social life, such as, the values, the practices of a society and social conventions, education, politics, art or literature,language,ideas,etc.文化即是人们所思,所言(言语和非言语),所为,所觉的总和.文化是无处不在的,具体说来,包括社会生活的一切方面,如:价值观念,生活行为方式,社会规范等,乃至艺术,政治,经济, 教育,修养,文学,语言,思想等.2. What’s the relation between Culture and society?1)Culture is a separate idea from society, although culture and society areinterrelated and cannot exist without each other.2)Culture is a system of values (or beliefs) and norms (or behaviour). A societyis a system of interrelationships which connect or bind individuals together.3. Why should we learn culture?1)Requirement of communication2) Language and culture are inseparable3)Culture acquisition is important for the study of literature.Part TwoUK- a complicated country with a complicated nameⅠStatus in the worldEffects of its Imperial Past--“an empire in which the sun never set”（日不落帝国）:1.one of five permanent members of the UN Security Council, a founding memberof NATO, and of the Commonwealth,2. Member of European Union and the Group of seven3.The make-up of the British population (Immigration has produced a populationof which 1 in 20 are of non-European ethnicity.)II. The effects of its imperial past* The days of empire ended after World War II1. The effects were mainly encountered in the close relationships which exist with the 50 or more colonies of that empire, and which maintain links through Commonwealth of Nations. But more important international relation is its membership in the European Union since 1973.2. The makeup of the British population--- immigration from India, Pakistan, or Caribbean (西印度群岛与中南美洲海域) countries in the 1950s and1960s. 1/20 are non-European ethnicity.III.The features of British society:1.a multiracial societyRacial, gender, class, regional and economic differences in the societya multi-racial society: most are Christians and because of immigration, many are Muslims;gender difference: male and female live different livesclass difference: the class structure of UK society is relatively obvious (A white-collar worker’s lives are very different from a blue-collar worker’s.) economic and regional difference within each of the 4 countries:-- difference between highland and lowland Scots-- difference between north and south England (South is on average more wealthy than the north)2. a society with class-structure3. a society with difference of region difference: highland and lowland Scots，north and south England，the capital and provinces.Part ThreeMain cities of England1. London2. Birmingham-second largest city of England.3. Liverpool-second largest port of England4. Manchester- industrial and commercial centre.London--cultural,bussness,and financial centre1. One of the most famous cities of the world, London is England's capital and a favourite for tourists from all over the world who flock there in their millions. It has a history stretching back almost 2000 years, A population of 7.5 million people, and some of the most famous tourist attractions in the world.2.London Attractions:Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament.The Tower of London,Tower Bridge,St Paul's Cathedralthe River ThamesCountless fascinating museums, art galleries and famous theatres.The English Royal Family reside in London at Buckingham Palacewhere you can see the famous 'Changing of the Guard'and muchmore.3. A significant role of LondonWhen a man is tired of London, you are tired of life for there is in London all that life can afford.—Samuel Johnson London is dominant in UK in all sorts of ways.1)It is the largest city in the country with abo ut one seventh of the nation’spopulation.2)It is seat of government.3)It is the cultural centre.4)It is the business centre.5)It is the financial centre of the nation.6)London is a huge weight in Britain’s economic and cultural life, and to someextent the rest of the country lives in its shadow.For reference英国历代国王与王后Geographical features1.Geographical positionThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) is situated north-west of the European continent between the Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. It has a total land area of 244,100 square kilometres, of which nearly 99% is land and the remainder inland water. From north to south it is about 1,000 kilometres long.(1) Northwest of Europe(2) North Atlantic Ocean(3) Separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel2.Geographical features(1) An island country, surrounded by sea(2) Highlands in the north and west(3) Lowlands in the east and southeastA. Part of the great European PlainB. Level land and fertile soilC. farming(4) 3 natural zones in ScotlandA. the highlands in the northB. the central lowlandsC. the southern uplands. Rivers and LakesImportant role of rivers in the country’s economy1.Important Rivers(1)the Severn RiverA.the longest in the countryB.only 338 kilos long(2)the Thames RiverA.the 2nd longestB.the most important riverC.336 kilos longD.Oxford and London are on the river(3)River ClydeA.the most important in ScotlandB.important commercial waterway2.the Lake District(1)in northwest England and North Wales(2)popular tourist attractions(3)the home of the Lake PoetsA.William WordsworthB.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeC.Robert SoutheyClimate1.Typical feature of Britain’s climate“Other countries have a climate; in England we have weather.”The statement is often made by Englishmen to describe the peculiar meteorological conditions of their country.A maritime type of climate(1)rainy---abundant rainfallThe uncertainty about the weather tends to make the Englishmen cautious.“A foreigner may laugh when he sees the Englishman setting forth on a brilliantly sunny morning wearing a raincoat and carrying an umbrella, but he may well regret his laughter later in the day!”(2)changeable and unpredictable, no clear cut of 4 seasons“In no country other than England, it has been said, can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day! Day may break as a balmy spring morning; an hour or so later black clouds may have appeared from nowhere and the rain may be pouring down. At midday conditions may be really wintry with the temperature down by about eight degrees or more centigrade. And then, in the late afternoon the sky will clear, the sun will begin to shine, and for an hour or two before darkness falls, it will be summer.”(3)Mild: no extremesIn England one can experience almost every kind of weather except the most extreme.temperature: 4-6℃ in winter, 12-17℃ in summer2.Factors influencing the climate(1)the surrounding waters(2)the prevailing south-west winds(3)the North Atlantic Drift (warm current)3.Rainfall(1) a steady reliable rainfall throughout the year(2)uneven distribution of rainA. a water surplus in the north and westB. a water deficit in the south and eastUnit TwoThe History of England课程名称：英语国家社会与文化本课内容：The Society and Culture of Major English-Speaking Countries授课时间：90分钟教学目的:通过本节课的教学，使学生了解英国历史，尤其是英格兰的历史；掌握主要历史事件及人物。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册unit课件
The courseware provides an overview of the major political parties, election processes, and the role of citizens in the political system.
American history
Summary
The courseware provides an overview of American history, starting from the early settlement of the country to the present day. It covers key events, people, and themes that have shaped the development of American society.
The American education system
Summary: This section of the courseware provides an overview of the American education system, including its structure, financing, and key educational policies.
03
Canadian Society and Culture
Canadian history
• Summary: The courseware provides an overview of the historical development of Canada, including the country's early settlement, the French and British colonial periods, and the establishment of the Dominion of Canada.
英语国家社会与文化(英文)
The British society and cultureThe UK is a rich and colorful, with international and multicultural country .Its full name is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, hereinafter referred to as the United Kingdom or Britain, known as the UK, is on the island of Great Britain by England, Scotland and wales, and Northern Ireland northeast the island of Ireland, and a series of islands of a small island.In Chinese the word "Britain", that is, by "England", the international code for the GB.Britain is located in the northwest of the continent of the British Isles, is the north sea, the English channel, Celtic sea, Irish sea and surrounded by the Atlantic ocean.In addition to Britain, including fourteen overseas territories .Established the "glorious revolution" in 1688 the British constitutional monarchy, Britain was the first to complete the industrial revolution, the national strength growing rapidly.In the 18th century to early 20th century, the rule of the British empire territories across the globe.As the most powerful country.Both after the outbreak of world war ii victory, but seriously damaged national strength, to the disintegration of the British empire in the second half of the 20th century, Britain has lost onceleadership in international affairs.Superpower status be replaced by the United States and the Soviet union.However, the UK is still a worldwide has a strong influence, important economic, cultural, military, science and technology of the world's great powers.About the British people's life custom, British people now pay more attention to the quality of life, the pursuit of spirit to enjoy.Important occasion wear very formal, usually the pursuit of simple, comfortable clothing.Diet style is simple, pay attention to nutrition.The climate is mild and humid, the British people love the sun.Like I'm doing housework at ordinary times, have a passion for sport, like to travel on holiday.In addition the British very hobby cultural activities, such as reading books, writing articles, to the concert, the theatre, etc, also like pets.。
英语国家社会与文化
Page 27
Lake District
(1) in northwest England and North Wales The Lake district is near the Scottish border
Great Britain
Northern Ireland
Numerous Smaller Islands
England
Page 12
Scotland
Wales
Situated in Northwestern Europe
To the north of France To the west of the Netherlands, Denmark and Norway
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (official name)
The United Kingdom (short form)
The UK (abbreviation)
Some other terms related to the name of this country:
England Scotland Wales
Ireland:
Northern Ireland The Republic of Ireland
Page 9
Britain--- It is the short form for Great Britain.
英语国家社会文化
英语国家社会文化
1. 英语语言和文学：以英语为主要语言，包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、
新西兰等国家。
英语文学作为重要的文化遗产，包括莎士比亚、狄更斯、奥斯卡·王尔德等众多世界级作家和文学作品。
2. 政治和社会制度：英语国家中，有许多使用英语的民主国家，如英国、美国、
加拿大和澳大利亚。
这些国家普遍遵循权力分立和言论自由的原则，并推崇个人权利和自由。
3. 文化多样性：英语国家拥有丰富的文化多样性，融合了各种族裔、宗教信仰
和文化传统。
这些国家在包容和多元性方面非常重视，鼓励人们保持自己的文化身份同时与其他群体和谐相处。
4. 流行文化：英语国家对于流行文化的影响力巨大，包括音乐、电影、电视剧
和时尚等。
好莱坞电影工业、英国音乐和文化运动，以及美国的流行文化都深深影响了世界的娱乐和艺术领域。
5. 体育文化：英语国家热衷于各类体育运动，如足球、篮球、橄榄球和板球等。
这些运动不仅是体育竞技，也体现了国家的身份认同和集体荣誉感。
英语国家社会与文化总结
英语国家社会与文化总结1.多元社会：英语国家，如美国、加拿大、澳大利亚和英国等，是多元社会的代表。
这些国家由于历史的原因，吸引了来自世界各地的移民，形成了种族、宗教、语言和文化上的多样性。
这种多元性使得英语国家成为一个开放包容的社会，让人们能够在其中享受到丰富的文化体验，同时也促进了社会的进步和发展。
2.社交礼仪：英语国家注重社交礼仪，礼貌、尊重和互惠关系被视为社会交往的基本原则。
例如，在英国，人们通常会在打招呼时向对方问候，如"你好"或"请问有什么可以帮到你的"。
在美国，人们更倾向于直接地称呼对方的名字，并在表达意见时注重礼貌和谦逊。
这些社交礼仪的遵守，有助于促进人与人之间的友好交流和相互理解。
3.高度重视教育：英语国家普遍高度重视教育，并且提供了世界上一流的教育资源。
这些国家致力于发展全人教育，注重培养学生的创造力、批判性思维和团队合作能力。
此外，英语国家也非常注重职业教育和技能培训，使学生能够获得实用的知识和技能，为他们未来的职业生涯做好准备。
4.崇尚个人主义：英语国家与许多其他社会文化相比，更加崇尚个人主义。
人们在追求自我实现和个人利益的同时，也注重个人的独立和权利。
这种个人主义的特点在英国和美国尤为明显，人们普遍享有言论自由和选择的权利，他们鼓励人们追求自己的梦想，并追求个人和家庭的成功。
5.体育文化：英语国家对体育文化有着深厚的热爱和传统。
足球、橄榄球、板球和篮球等运动在英语国家非常流行，并且体育比赛常常成为人们社交娱乐的重要组成部分。
这种体育文化的存在，不仅有助于促进人们的健康和身体素质，也有助于建立团队精神和英勇精神。
总之，英语国家的社会和文化是多元性、社交礼仪、教育重视、个人主义和体育文化等多个方面的综合体现。
了解和理解这些特点，有助于更好地融入和适应英语国家的社会环境，并促进跨文化交流和交往的成功。
英语国家社会与文化
Scotland（苏格兰）
• The name : Kingdom of Scotland • The capital: Edinburgh （爱丁堡） • The official language : English • The main national : Scottish , Irish and Gael（盖尔人）
• Land area : 70273 square kilometers • official language : Irish (爱尔兰语) ， English
The British Commonwealth
英联邦
Definition
• The commonwealth (of nations) is a leading British were main confederation, the 54 sovereign state (including the territorial) of members, mostly from the former colonies of the British empire or protectorate • 英联邦是一个以英国主导的共主邦联，由 54个主权国家（含属地）所组成，成员大 多为前大英帝国的殖民地或保护国
Walห้องสมุดไป่ตู้s（ 威尔士）
• English name :Wales
• Capital : Cardiff(加的夫 ) • official language : English and local language
Northern Ireland （北爱尔兰）
• The name : Northern Ireland
UK
Great Britain Northern Ireland
(完整版)英语国家社会和文化入门单词
英语国家社会与文化入门单词1.Great Britaincomplicated a.复杂的，难懂的empire n.帝国imperial a.帝国的encounter vt.遇到，受到emphasise vt.强调immigration n.移居ethnicity n.种族Pakistan n.巴基斯坦Caribbean n.加勒比海to sum up 总结stereotype n.陈规，旧框框sovereignty n.主权distinction n.差别，特征constituent a.组成的，构成的multiracial a.多民族的exaggerate vt.夸张stockbroker n.股票(证券)经纪人tend vi.倾向(于)，趋向(于) gallery n.画廊，美术馆2.Northern Irelandurbanized a. 都市化的by far 更，显然地Welsh a.威尔士人的，威尔士语Celtic a.凯尔特人的，凯尔特语originate vi.开始，起源于某地Angles n.盎格鲁人(5世纪由德国北部移居英国)Saxon n.撒克逊人(原住德国，一部分于5世纪中叶至6世纪伤半叶移居英国)derive vi.由来Excalibur n.亚瑟王之魔剑embellish n.传颂，歌颂legend n.传说，神话Tintagel n.廷塔哲岬(在英格兰西南部，传说中的King Arthur诞生处) Cornwall n.康瓦尔(英国西南部之一郡，首府Bodmin)knight n.(中古时的)骑士，武士Camelot n.传说中的Arthur王之宫殿朝廷所在地Sonmerset n.索美赛得郡(英格兰西南部一郡)conflict n.冲突precedence n.上席，较高位置monarch n.君主，帝王contemporary a.当代的Scandinavia n.斯勘的纳维亚(北欧国家的原称：瑞典、挪威、丹麦、芬兰、冰岛)ferocious a.凶残的，野蛮的versus prep. 对(多用于诉讼或竞技等之中，缩写作v.或vs.) sophisticated a.世故的，城府深的arrogant a.骄傲自大的，傲慢的throne n.帝王的宝座aristocracy n.贵族，贵族阶层的outlaw n.被流放者，罪犯intrior a.内部的display vt展示externally ad.外表，外貌punk n.朋友，小阿飞，小流氓dyed a.染色的spiky a.竖起的，直立的conceal vt.隐瞒porch n.门廊identity n.特征eventually ad. 最后，终于execute vt.处决overrule vt.推翻compounent n.组成部分substantial a.相当(长)的rugged a.崎岖的，不平坦的sparsely ad.稀少地span vt.跨越retreat vi.撤回equivalent 相当于是domain n.领土，领地souenir n.纪念品tartan a.用格子呢制的ressert vt.再申明depose vt.废黜(国王等)quell vt.镇压intermarriage n.异族通婚，近亲通婚change hands (财产等)转换所有者，易手dual a.双重的depoist n. 贮存adjacent a.邻近的long-standing a. 长期的，长年累月的Gealic n. 盖尔语Baron n.男爵Ulster n.北爱尔兰Belfast n. 贝尔法斯特，北爱首府hromontory n.海角hexagonal a.六角形的，六边形的lava n.熔炉，火山岩concentrate vt.集中ignore vt.忽略victim n.受害者at least 至少armoured a.武装的acclaim vt. 受到称赞，赞扬peripherality n.周边integrate vi.成一体，与结合起来overtake vt.遇到……阻碍suspend vt.暂停，中止campaign n.运动pursue vt.追求guerilla n.游击队suppress vt.镇压inevitable a.必然的，不可避免的inhabit vt.居住ethnically ad.种族地Catholic n.天主教徒Protestant n.新教徒emigrate vi.移居（外国）compromise n.折衷法partition n.分离，分割rioting n.暴乱，骚乱overwhelm vt.使不知所措constabulary n.警察candidate n.候选人run candidates 参加竞选faction n.宗派，派别patrol vi.巡逻paramilitary a.半军事化的barracks n.兵营，军营random n.随意at random 任意地，无目的地take revenge on 报仇ghettoise vt.使成为少数民族聚居区exclusively ad.全部地suspeck m.嫌疑犯internment n.拘留，收容mythologise vt.对……作神话解释telescopic a.用望远镜看的telescopic sight望远镜瞄准具cruise vi.巡逻flare n.（怒气等）爆发flare-up 突然发生的事情to give in 让步，屈服revitalize vt.使活跃claim vt.要求，主张sovereignty n.主权consultation n.协商to come up with 提出，提供strategic a.战略上的surrender n.投降hurdle n.障碍，困难formula n.形式legitimacy n.合法性3.The Government of the United Kingdom arguably ad.可论证地，可能，大概trace v.追溯，查考instability n.不稳定性，不稳固state-buiding n.创立国家，建国evolution n.演变，演化monarchy n.君主政体，君主制derive v.取得，得到，形成doctrine n.教义，教条，信条divine a. 神授的，天赐的sovereign n.君主，最高统治者legitimate a.合法的，法律认可的heir n.继承人，嗣子throne n.宝座，王位，帝位hereditary a.承袭的，世袭的defy v.（公然）违抗，藐视oust v.驱逐，罢黜medieval a.中世纪的，中古（时代）的exercise v.运用，行使prominent a. 重要的，著名的baron n.（由国王直接封领地的）贵族gang n.一帮，一伙charter n.宪章，共同纲领parley v.会谈，谈判summon v.召唤，召集wage v.进行，开始make ends meet 使收支相抵，勉强维持生计contribute v.捐（款等），捐助project n.计划，规划，方案community n.社区，团体say n.发言机会，发言权decree v.命令，颁布grant n.授予物（如补助金等）formula n.惯例，常规prerogative n.特权，独有的权利councillor n.顾问，（市、镇等的）政务会委员vis-a-vis prep同……相比，同……相比reassert v再断言，重申execute v.将……处死consent n.同意，准许parliamentarian n.国会议员cabinet n.内阁chair v.担任（会议等的）主席assemble v.召集，聚集electorate n.（总称）选举人，选民governor-general n.（英殖民地或英联邦国家的）总督governance n.统治方法statue n. 成文法，法令，法规working n.（常用复数）运转，运行，活动first and foremost 首先的是，首先scrutinise v.详细检查，仔细观察expenditure n.（时间、金钱等的）花费，支出restraint n.限制，约束overturn v.推翻，废除，使无效supremacy n.至高无上，最高地位bear sth. In mind 记住（某事）precedent n.先例，前例matter of course 理所当然executive n.（政府的）行政部门，行政当局integral a.基本的，不可缺少的legislature n.立法机关，议会judiciary n.司法部，司法系统successor n.继承人，继任者allege v.声称，断言extramarital a. 婚外的jet-setting a.乘坐喷气机飞来飞去的阔老的squander v.浪费，挥霍recognisance n.承认，确认controvercy n.争论，争议Texan n.（美国）得克萨斯（州）人Lounge v.闲逛，闲荡Outrage v.激怒，激起……义愤decadence n.堕落，颓废allegation n.指控，宣称come to head （事情）达到决定性阶段recession n.（经济的）衰退，衰退期jacht n.快艇，游艇endear v.使受喜爱，使受钟爱confidante n.知己的女友neutrality n.中立，中立地位Lord Spiritual上议院的神职议员（指主教或大主教）archbishop n.大主教，主教长Lord Temporal 上议院的上诉议员（指非主教或大主教的贵族议员）Civic-minded a.关心公益的，热心公民事务的Law Lord上议院执掌最高司法职务的议员，上议院法官sitting n.（议院的）开会elitist a.杰出人物统治（论）的patrilineal a.父系的，父子相传的veritable a.名副其实的，十足的allowances n.津贴，补贴，零用钱coordination n.协调，协同3.ample a.大量的nucleus n.核心，中心public services 公职，公务public servant 公务员，公仆utilise vt.使用，利用abundant a.充足的missionary n. 传教士renaissance n.复兴prophet n.预言家，预言者escalate vi.逐步增加，逐步上升grievance n.抱怨，不满eligible a.合格的，符合条件的superannuation n.退休金soar vi.猛增，剧增urbanisation n.城市化dividend n.红利，股息horticulture n.园艺，园艺学accountancy n.会计学fodder n.饲料teeritorial sea 领海rock lobster 龙虾tuna n.金枪鱼snail n.蜗牛earthworm n.蚯蚓mammal n.哺乳动物browsing a.食草的reptile n.爬行动物mortality n.死亡率，死亡数depletion n.耗尽，枯竭densely ad.稠密地，密集地to date 迄今为止habitat n.生存环境，栖息地prospective a.可能的，未来的canoe n.独木舟protocol n.礼仪，仪式acclaim vt.称赞，向……喝彩depict vt.描述，描写ballad n.叙事诗，民谣foreunner n.先驱contemporary n.同代人lyric poet 抒情诗人momentum n.势头，动力transmission n.播送，发射prorietor n.业主，所有人flourishing a.欣欣向荣的，繁荣的periodical 期刊的，定期出版的outlet n.地方广播电台或电视台coverage n.新闻报道coverage n.发行量oriental a.东方的recompense vt.报酬，酬谢，补偿dairy producce 奶制品cereal n.谷类植物，谷物across-the-board 普遍的，全面的terrain n.地面，地带，地势whole milk 全乳，全脂牛奶flavoured milk 加味牛奶eqitable a.公正的，公平合理的table fish 食用鱼abalone n.鲍鱼aquaculture n.水产养殖exotic a.外国的，引进的pulp n.纸浆malt n.麦芽rye n.黑麦barley n.大麦sorghum n.高粱maize n.玉米molasses n.糖浆rapessed n.油菜籽tariff n.关税sustainable a.可持续的sluggish a.缓慢的，慢的trade mission 贸易代表团liquefy vt.液化crude oil 原油yield vt. 出产，产reserves n.藏量，储量offset vt.补偿，抵消accord n.一致，与谐，协议，条约monetary policy 货币政策pervasive a.普遍的，流行的scandal n.丑闻utility n.公用事业commercial breaks 节目间商业广告prohibit vt.禁止legislation n.立法lottery n.彩票satelite n.卫星转播renowned a.有名的battering n.毒打commiserate vt.怜悯，同情defamation n.毁谤judicial a.司法的libel n.诽谤stipulate vt.制定deployment n. 部署missile n.导弹enterprise n.企业usurp vt.篡夺vital a.重要的engendering n.形成rank vi. 位于dominate vt.控制navy n.海军possesions n.（常用pl.）殖民地prime n.全盛期pink n.粉红色swarming n.密集bustling a.喧闹的，熙攘remote a.遥远的，偏僻的jungle n.原始森林baking a.灼热的，炎热的lush a.郁郁葱葱coral n.珊瑚lagoon n.环珊瑚axis n.轴心intact a.未受损的grant vt.许可，承认pretige n.威望superpower n.超级大国superiority n.优势treaty n.条约，协定schizophrenic a.反复无常的diminish vt. 减少fur .皮货roam vt.漫游，游历seafarers n.海员，航海者trait n.特点tear apart 使……四分五裂foster vt.鼓励，促进mount vt.上升，达到distribute vt.分配forum n.论坛subservient a.从属的supportive a.赞许的，支持的enact vt.贯彻，执行assign vt.转让，归于submarine n.潜水艇bloc n.集团dismantle vt.拆除interwine vt.纠结，缠绕conventional a.常规的spell vt.招致，意味keystone n.要旨transatlantic a.大西洋彼岸的expenditure n.经费，开销elite n.社会精英executive n.行政人员arithmetic n.算术literacy n.识字，有学问participate vi.参加，参与controversial a.有争议的corporal a.肉体的corporal punishment 体罚cane n.手杖，笞杖erase vt.消除。
英语国家社会与文化
英语国家社会与文化英语国家社会与文化Course syllabus 课程大纲1. Course Information 课程简介(1) Specific Description of Course 课程说明1. Total hours 学时: 362. Hours weekly 周学时: 23. Credits 学分: 2.34. Feature 性质: Elective 选修5. Teacher授课教师: 李雪(2) Course Objectives 课程目标This course aims to help students construct basic knowledge of English speaking countries,in terms of geography, history, politics, arts and literature, religion, mass media andvocation. There are aspects of cultures. Through learning, you are able to establish an imageof English speaking countries; specifically, why English can be spoken quite differently indifferent English speaking countries? Why do we say “He is speaking Queen English,(meaning authentic English)” instead of “He is speaking King English”? What is the leadingMedia in America? How many years are required before you get a doctor or lawyercertificate in Canada? Do you know any interesting holidays celebrated among thesecountries? After finishing this course, you will be able to get quite learned about thesecultural information.具体内容主要涉及，英美各国的地理环境、历史演变、政府体制、经济文化、文学艺术、民族特点、宗教信仰、风俗人情、大众传媒及节假日等多学科的知识，以使学生对各国的文化与背景有一总体的概揽(3) Course Level 课程水平This course is the Bachelor’s Degree elective course of science majors. It is for juniors.本课程是为三年级学生开设的选修课, 要求已经通过六级考试。
英语国家社会与文化-第一章-Introduction-of-uk
Climate Features
• A temperate maritime climate • Three features
– There is often a lot of fog or smog in winter. – There are many more rainy days than sunny
Highlands in Scotland
Ben Nevis
(1 343 meters high)
Airth castle (埃斯城堡)
A 14th century castle
Scottish castle weddings.
Stirling castle (斯特灵城堡)
Palace for Scottish king
days. – The weather is quite instable and changeable.
Introduction to British and American Culture
Mountains and Rivers
• The backbone of UK: Pennines
• Chief mountain ranges: the Cambrians in Wales the Grampians in Scotland (the largest mountain range in the UK)
• What are the major cities in Britain?
• Location: North-western coast of continental Europe
• population: 62,770,000(2013) • density: 270.1persons/sqkm(2013) • total area: 244,820sqkm
英语国家社会与文化入门_上册_翻译
A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom该国，我们正在研究的全称是大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国。
这是一个什么在许多方面是一个复杂的国家复杂的名字。
大多数人都知道做些什么，因为它的庞大的海外帝国给它一个重要的国际作用，只是来到一个在未来数年年底，之后第二次世界大战。
然而，一些市民对英国知道（他们可能会呼吁干脆英国或错误，英格兰）可能不大如何最真实的英国人今天过自己的生活。
一方面，帝国的日子已经足够长的时间以前，只有老人记得他们的任何东西是生活中的重要性。
英国不再是一个帝国的国家，尽管其帝国的影响可能常常在遇到的各种方式，而不是在与50或更多曾是这个帝国的一部分，和国家之间的密切关系，至少它通过一个松散的维持（自愿）组织的联系称为英联邦国家。
但更重要的英国国际关系今天是欧洲联盟，其中英国1973年以来的成员，这是在考虑更有用现代英国强调它的作用作为一个欧洲国家，而不是其英联邦成员资格。
它仍然是一个相对富裕的国家，是7国集团成员的大型发达经济体。
另外一个旧帝国的作用明显成效在于弥补的英国人口本身。
从这些英联邦国家，这在20世纪50年代和60年代鼓励一些移民，已制作了其中1人在20个非欧洲种族。
他们自己或其父母或祖父母，出生在印度或巴基斯坦，加勒比国家，这些只是最常见的。
这将引入什么是对英国的章节关键主题：因为是大多数情况下，或所有，国家是不可能总结了一些简单的对话英国人民。
英国认为谁，很多人认为的英国绅士。
但是，这仅仅是一个旧有的从未适用于英国绝大多数人来说，没有什么真正的有效性今天。
英国是一个国家，一个单一的护照，和一个政府及对其所有的主权，但作为国家的大力顾名思义，它是由不同的元素组成。
它包括4一个国家内的部分国家：大不列颠岛是由英格兰，苏格兰和威尔士，北爱尔兰，一份关于爱尔兰邻近的岛屿省份，完成设置。
因此，在讨论英国和英国的一些考虑，必须使这些分歧，例如：一个来自苏格兰的女人不会高兴，如果我们打电话给她的英国绅士？她是苏格兰和女性，并认为她的身份从不同的男人和不同的英语。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册课件BI U10
Tennis
Cricket
• Cricket was one of the very first team sports in Britain to have organised rules and to be played according to the same rules nationally.
Sports: • football • “Football hooligans” • FA • tennis • Wimbledon • cricket • golf • horse racing • the Royal Ascot
Holidays and Festivals: • Christmas • Easter • Bonfire Night • the Battle of the Boyne • Orange Marches • St Patrick’s Day • Hogmanay • Burns Night • Halloween
• In the nineteenth century, cricket became a sport associated with the upper classes. It was a kind of a “snob” game played by boys who attended public schools. Cricket also became popular in places where the public school system was adapted, like in the colonies of Australia, New Zealand, India and Pakistan.
Unit 10 Sports, Holidays and Festivals in Britain
讲英语的国家及其文化
讲英语的国家及其文化英语是一种世界通用语言，被许多国家作为官方语言使用。
在许多英语国家，人们在日常生活中使用英语进行交流，同时这些国家也有各自独特的文化传统。
本文将介绍几个讲英语的国家及其文化。
美国是英语的重要使用国之一。
美国是一个多元文化国家，由于历史上的移民潮和文化交流，美国拥有丰富多彩的文化。
美国的文化包括音乐、电影、文学、美食等多个方面。
美国人民崇尚个人主义，注重自由和平等，这些价值观在他们的日常生活中得到体现。
此外，美国还有多元的民族和宗教信仰，形成了一个多元的文化社会。
英国是英语的发源地，也是英语文化的中心。
英国文化具有浓厚的历史底蕴，包括文学、音乐、戏剧等多个方面。
英国人对于传统和仪式非常重视，例如皇室婚礼、贵族舞会等活动。
英国人也有特有的幽默感和风趣的表达方式，这在他们的文学作品和影视作品中得到了充分展现。
澳大利亚是南半球讲英语的国家之一，拥有独特的文化风貌。
澳大利亚的文化受到原住民文化以及移民文化的影响，形成了独特的多元文化。
澳大利亚人民热爱户外运动和自然环境，例如冲浪、潜水、露营等活动。
此外，澳大利亚还有独特的音乐、电影、美食文化，展现了一种轻松、休闲的生活方式。
加拿大是北美洲讲英语的国家，也是一个多元文化的国家。
加拿大拥有丰富的自然资源，人民热爱户外活动，例如滑雪、钓鱼、露营等。
加拿大人民注重环保和可持续发展，这在他们的生活方式和价值观中得到了体现。
加拿大还有多元的民族和文化群体，形成了一个包容性强、多元化的社会。
总的来说，讲英语的国家拥有丰富多彩的文化，反映了不同历史背景和社会环境下的人们生活方式和价值观。
通过了解这些国家的文化，我们可以更好地理解他们的习俗、传统和观念，促进不同文化之间的交流和理解。
希望本文能够帮助读者更全面地了解讲英语的国家及其文化。
英语国家社会与文化
英语国家社会与文化
英语国家是指以英语为官方语言或主要语言的国家，主要包括英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚、新西兰等。
这些国家拥有丰富多样的社会和文化，以下将对其进行解释。
社会方面，英语国家注重个人自由和平等，强调尊重个人权利和隐私。
这种价值观在英美法系国家中有着深厚历史根源，对法治和民主政治的发展产生了深远影响。
这些国家的社会保障体系相对完善，政府提供一些基本的公共服务，如医疗、教育、养老等。
文化方面，英语国家的文化多元化和包容性很强。
由于历史和移民的原因，这些国家有着丰富多样的文化传统和风格。
在文学、电影、音乐、艺术等领域，英语国家创造了大量具有国际影响力和知名度的作品和人才。
例如，莎士比亚、狄更斯、爱默生等文学巨匠，斯皮尔伯格、卡梅隆等电影大师，艾默生莫西等音乐家和画家。
此外，英语国家也有着独特的文化习俗和节日，如美国的感恩节、英国的圣诞节、加拿大的国庆节等。
这些节日反映了当地的文化和历史，也成为国家重要的文化符号和标志。
总之，英语国家的社会和文化具有多样性、包容性和创新性，这些特点成为了当
地人民的一种独特魅力，也吸引着世界各地的人们前往探索和体验。
英语国家社会与文化入门上册unit课件
Tower of London and Westminster Palace
London has four World Heritage Sites: the Tower of London, Westminster Palace, Westminster Abbey, St. Margret’s Church.
England: History of Invasion and Conquest
The Celts The Romans The Anglo-Saxons (King Arthur); Anglo-land=England: form the basis of the modern English race and language The Vikings The Normans (William the Conqueror 1066, Robin Hood) William and Mary from Holland (the Glorious Revolution, or the bloodless revolution, 1688), establishing parliament’s dominance over the monarch British identity building: constitutional monarchy (only a gap of 11 years ruled by parliament’s leader, Oliver Cromwell); unification of 4 parts; the British Empire
The two maps show the position of the UK in the world and the four constituent parts of the UK
英语国家社会文化
英语国家社会文化A BRIEF COMPARISONBETWEEN AMERICAN AND CHINESE EDUCATIONBy 杨春升010214425Abstract:This essay gives a brief comparison on primary and secondary education between America and China from four angles, namely educational system, contents, administration and teachers.Outline:Introduction1.For the curriculum reform today2.For our vocational educationComparisoncational system2.Contents3.Administration4.TeachersConclusionIntroductionThere was a saying that the combination of Chinese primary and secondary education and American higher education form the perfect system of human education today. The limited space here and my limited knowledge make it possible only to have a comparison on elementary and secondary education.The significance to choose this aspect lies on the current curriculum reform and our role of will-be teachers. I hope this essay would shade some light on our curriculum reform and give teachers and will-be teachers some timid allumination. Comparisoncational systemMost Americans start their pre-school education at the age of five. Children attend elemantary school for the next 6 or 8 years. Then they go to secondary schools for another 6 or 4 years.In China, children begin their pre-school education variably from 3 years old to 6 years old. In suburbs, some parents even cannot afford pre-school education. It takes 6 years to complete the primary school education and 3 years more to complete junior middle school. After that some students attend secondary technical school and some continue to take the 3-year senior middle school which prepare them for higher education.Both American and Chinese elementary and secondary ( senior and junior middle school) takes 12 years to complete.2. ContentsDifferent countries offer their youngsters different courses, which are largely affected by the theories of their own educators.One of the most famous educators in American modern history is John Dewey.He was one of the founders of the philosophical school of pragmatism, a pioneer in functional psychology, and representative of the progressive movement in U.S. education. (李观仪等1994：57) He advocated that schools should provide pragmatic knowledge to their students to help them survive in the society. Though the dominant role of his theory gave way to Essencialism in the 1960s, its affection is still ingrained.Almost every elementary school in the United States provides instruction in these subjects: mathematics, language arts, penmanship, science, social studies, music, art and physical education.Most secondary school offer the same “core” of required subjects: English, mathematics, science, social studies and physical educations.(朱永涛1998：83) In contrast, pragmatism is not so influential in China. In the past few decades, we generally followed those theories advocated by Russian educators, especially by A. C. Ma K ape HK o and B.A. Cyxo ML u H c K uu. They emphasized the function of collective. Today, while collective spirit is still a great component in ethical education, the trend has moved to Scientific Humanism. This teleology takes science as its basis and humanism as its orientation.Elementary school in China provides instruction in these subjects: mathematics, language arts, computer, social studies, music, art and physical education. In some relatively developed areas, English is also offered.Middle school provides the following subjects: ideological education, language arts, mathematics, foreign language (mostly English, also Russian, Japanese and so on), physics, chemistry, biology, history, geography, physical education, arts and labor. It is obvious that the subjects instructed in the two countries are more or less the same and the Chinese students seem to have more courses to take. That’s partly why the Chinese decided to reform its curriculum in 2005. The authority tries to reduce the burden on the students.The Chinese government decided to set chiefly composite courses in elementary school, both separate and composite courses in junior middle school and mainly separate courses in senior middle school.3.AdministrationIn the United States, public schools are under the control of the individual states. Each states decides their own policies on education and schools have the right to choose what books to be used.Public schools are free to all boys and girls while private schools charge their parents for several hundred dollars a year.In contrast, the Chinese government controls all the public schools and decides the text books for them. Public schools in China are also free, but parents still have to pay for the books or other facilities. They pay several hundred yuan each semester, depending on the cities they lived. Private schools charge even more and are usually attended those well-adjusted children who were unable to pass the entrance exams to public schools successfully.In the curriculum reform, the Chinese government will let the local government and schools decide part of the management according to reality in difference areas andvarious schools, which is considered to be a major progress in the reform.4.TeachersAmerican teachers have to meet the local standards and get certain certification.Chinese teachers did not need any certification in the past, but today in most big cities, teachers have to gain certain qualification and to obtain teachers’ certificates. That is probably the result of the economic increase, as well as the development of social culture, which provides more chances for people to be educatedConclusionFrom the above comparison, we can conclude that Chinese education has more similarities with American education than before. To learn from other countries is an efficient way to make our education industry meet the need of economic development and to cater for the people’s demand.Reference:1.扈中平李方张俊洪主编2000. 现代教育学. 北京: 高等教育出版社2.李观仪主编朱嫣华何兆雄章伟良编1994. 新编英语教程（5）参考答案. 上海: 上海外语教育出版社3.朱永涛主编1998. 英语国家社会与文化入门下册. 北京: 高等教育出版社。
英语国家社会文化知识
1.英语语言发展阶段：古英语--中古英语--现代英语：古英语-old English主要是日耳曼部落讲的凯尔特语，语法性浓厚。
中古英语-Middle English罗曼底征服事件后，人种混合，语言混合，英语渐渐取代法语成为主要语言。
语法形态简化。
现代英语-文艺复兴，印刷术，伦敦方言成为标准英语。
语音变化巨大。
趋势-简化语法，简化单词。
变体-美国英语（主导），澳大利亚英语，加拿大英语，南非英语，印度英语。
2.英美国家概况之历史篇：美国历史（重要事件列出）：最早的美国人是印第安人；英国在1607在美国建立殖民地，并逐渐建立13个殖民地。
1776年圣诞节美军挫败英军，1783年巴黎和约英国承认美国独立。
美国宪法前十条是«人权法案»，保护个人权利。
英美最后一次交火是1812年的英美战争。
美国内战期间，林肯发表【解放奴隶宣言】，1863葛底斯堡演说民有民享民治（the government of the people,by the people and for the people）.1903年，莱特兄弟发明第一架飞机。
第一次世界大战，美国宣布中立，但实际上是支持同盟政策。
20ce20ys,美国是物质上成功但精神挫败迷惘的时期。
罗斯福的新政措施目的在于拯救美国民主制度和资本主义制度。
20ce30ys,美国奉行孤立主义外交政策。
目的是远离欧洲和亚洲的战争。
二战期间，美国外交政策针对英国和前苏联，想赢得战争，阻止苏联扩张。
美苏英三国首脑会晤三次，第一次1943德黑兰会议决定“霸王行动”向法国进攻。
第二次1945年雅尔塔会议，决定建联合国组织。
第三次1945波茨坦会议，确定欧洲格局暂时分配。
1946年，美国电报出现遏制苏联政策，1949年，杜鲁门公开遏制政策。
同年，美国签订北约（The North Atlantic Treaty).1945年以来，美国经济进入25年的繁荣期。
1962古巴导弹危机，在位肯尼迪。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
英语国家社会文化知识竞赛答案一：答案：1-5C A B A D6-10BCACD11-15C A C D B16-20A D A C D21-25A D B C A26-30B A C D B31-35B B A B C36-40A A B C D二：答案：1._c____.2.__a___.3._b____.4.__a___.5.__c___.6. ___a__7.__c___.8.___a__9.__c___.10.__a___.11.___a__12.__c___.13.____b_.14. ___c__15.__b___.16.__d___.17.__c___.18._d____.19.__b___.20__d___.三：答案：1-5DBADD6-10BCCDA11-15DDBBD16-20 BDCAB四：答案：1.D2.D3.C4.D5.A6.C7.D8.A9.B10.A11.B12.B13. A14.B15.C16.C17.D18.D19.C20.A五：答案：1-5A B C D B6-10C A D A B11-15D B A A C16-20D A D A B21-25D C B C B26-30C D A B A31-35C A B A C36-40D C B C D六：答案：1-5AADCA6-10DCBAA11-15AADDD16-20BBCAD21-25CBBCD26-30DACCD31-35CCDCA36-40AABAC41-45DACDC46-50DDCCB七：答案：1.B2.C3.A4.D5.D6.C7.A8.C9.B10.D11.D12.B 13.A14.C15.D16.B17.A18.D19.A20.C21.C22.B23. D24.C25.A26.C27.C28.D29.A30.A31.D32.D33. A34.D35.A36.D37.C38.A39.D40.D41.C42.C43.D44.A45.D46.A47.D48.D49.C50.A51.B52.B53.A54.B55.B56.B57.D58.C59.D60.D第八题答案：1-5T F F F T6-10F T F F F11-15F T F F T16-20F F T F F21-25T F T T T26-30F F F F T31-35T T F F T36-40F T T T TKey:1.The island of Great Britain is made up of England,Scotland, and Wales.2.Columbus discovered the New World in the year of1492.3.Two major political parties are the Democratic Party,and the Republican Party.4.The first Secretary of Treasury of the United States was Alexander Hamilton.5.“WASP”stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant.6.The Three Faiths in the U.S.refer to Protestant;Catholic: Jewish.7.The first Catholic president in the U.S.was J.F.Kennedy.8.Mark Twain’s The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is considered the greatest novel in American literature.9.Ezra Pound’s poetry is famous for imagism.10.T.S.Eliot’s long poem The Waste Land revealed a pessimistic view of post-World War I society.11.Those who worked in the civil rights movement included Negro leaders,black and white young people,and some professionals and some housewives.12.According to a professor of history,all social movements have two basic characteristics:structure and spontaneity.13.The largest of the racial and ethnic minorities in the United States is the blacks.14.Former President Nixon said that crime is America’s “number one enemy”.15.American slavery was finally abolished by Lincoln.16.The two most well-known computer companies are IMB and Apple.17.The largest software company is Microsoft.18.The director of Microsoft Company is Bill Gates.19.The Grand Canyon is by the Colorado River.20.The Hoover Dam was named after President Herbert Hoover.第九题答案：1-5T F T F F6-10T F T F T11-15T T F F T16-20F T T F F第十题答案：1.False2.True3.False4.True5.True6.False7. False8.False9.True10.False11.True12.False13. True14.False15.True16.False17.False18.True 19.False20.True第十一题答案：1.F2.F3.F4.F5.T6.Ｔ7.T8.F9.F.10.T11.F12.T13.F14.T15.T16.F17.T18.F19.F 20.T第十二题答案：一：1-c,2-a,3-b,4-e,5-d二：1-c,2-e,3-b,4-a,5-d三：1-d,2-a,3-e,4-b,5-c四：1-e,2-d,3-a,4-c,5-b第十三题答案：1.The capital of Scotland Edinburgh.2.The largest city in Scotland Glasgow3.The author of Ivanhoe Sir Walter Scott4.Dr.Faustus Christopher Marlowe5.Frankstein Mary Shelley6.The inventor of the telegraph codes Samues F B Morse7.The inventor of electric bulb Thomas Edison8.The inventor of the mechanic reaper Cyrus H McCormick9.Sister Carrie Theodore Dreiser10.Daisy Miller Henry James11.Martin Eden Jack London12.Awakening Kate Chopin13.The Leaves Walt Whitman14.Scarlet Letter Nathaniel Hawthorne15.The Last Mohicans James Fenimore Cooper16.Moby Dick Herman Melville17.Tender is the Night F.S.Fitzgerald18.Farewell to the Arms Ernest Hemingway19.The Wrath of Grapes John Steinbeck20.Catch22Joseph Heller第十四体答案：1.stereotypes定势/刻板印象2.paralanguage辅助语言/副语言3.ethnocentrism民族中心主义4.Masculinity男性特征5.high-context culture高语境文化6.monochronic time单一时间观念7.speech act言语行为8.conversation taboos对话禁忌9.vocal qualifiers声音修饰10.power distance权力距离11.译码decoding12.偏见prejudice13.文化震惊cultural shock14.不确定性回避uncertainty avoidance15.概念意义denotational meaning16.语用错误pragmaticfailure17.礼貌原则the Politeness Principle18.归纳法inductive pattern19.空间语言spatial language/proximics20.礼仪与礼节etiquette and protocol第十五题答案：1.England LondonScotland EdinburghWales CardiffNorthern Ireland Belfast2.Boxing Day December26 Christmas Day December25 Halloween October31Guy Fawkes Day November53.Washington D.C Big BenNew York Opera HouseLondon The White House Sydney Statue of Liberty4.Valentine’s Day February14 Thanksgiving Day4th Thursday in November Independence Day July4Flag Day June145.A Tale of Two Cities Charles Dickens The Dubliners James JoyceTess of the D’Urbervilles Thomas HardySons and Lovers wrence6.Paradise Lost John MiltonRobinson Crusoe Daniel Defoe Gulliver’s Travels Jonathan Swift Pilgrim’s Progress John Bunyan7.Mark Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Walt Whitman Leaves of GrassT.S.Eliot The Waste Land Nathaniel Hawthorne The Scarlet Letter8.The Norman Conquest1066Black Death1347-1350The people’s Charter1838The Industrial Revolution later18th-early19th centuries 9.Agribusiness technological farming Silicon Glen area between Glasgow&Edinburgh “Sick industry”British coal mining“British disease”Britain’s economic deline 10.1492Columbus’s discovery of the New World 1607-1733British colonies in North America 1812the war between Britain&the USA 1861-1865American Civil War 11.1：The Progressive Movement reformingthe society&individuals through government action 2：Wilson’s New Freedom Programlow rate loans for farmers3：The Great Depressionstock market crash121：The New Dealstimulation of the recovery of industry2：The Truman DoctrineSupporting any country fighting against communism3：The Marshall PlanAn economic aid plan to aid Western Europe4：The little Rock Incident Protecting the African-American studentsCounterculture movement Revolt against the moral values13Veterans Day Honoring old soldiers Memorial Day Remembrance for those died in the nation’s serviceIndependence Day The birthday of America Thanksgiving Day Gratitude for the blessings 14.Britain The University of Oxford America Harvard University Canada The university of Toronto Australia Sydney University15.1:On StudyStudies serve for delight,for ornament,&for ability. 2:The Merchant Of VeniceAll that glitters is not gold.3:The Old Man&SeaA man can be destroyed but not defeated.4:Ode To The West WindIf winter comes,can spring be far behind?Ralph Waldo Emerson The American Scholar Henry Wadsworth Longfellow A Psalm of Life Edgar Allan Poe To Helen Emily Dickinson The Soul Selects Her Own Society 17.Philadelphia City of Brotherly Love Pittsburgh Steel CityChicago Windy CityDetroit Auto City18.1863Abraham Lincoln:The Gettsyburg Address1776The Declaration of Independence 1983Space Shuttle Columbia islaunched1963Martin Luther King:I have a dream19.A balloon being burst popSomeone eating crisps crunchA light being switched on clickA fierce dog growlForgive and forget.Let bygones be bygones. One misfortune rides on another’s back.Hardship never comes alone.Every bird likes its own nest.East or west home is best.Life is but a span.We have only a short life to live.第十六题答案:Section APicture1-Mount Rushmore Picture2-Manhattan peninsulaPicture3-Sydney Opera House Picture4-capitolPicture5-London Bridge Picture6-London eyePicture7-Venice river Picture8-Statue of Liberty Picture9-Triumphal Arch Picture10-ParthenonSection B1.New Zealand2.Germany3.Switzerland4. France5.Holland6.Canada7.Russia8.U.S.9.Australia 10.Italy。