控制轧制与控制冷却

控制轧制与控制冷却

穆安水

（材料成型及控制工程12级）

[摘要]：控轧与控冷工艺是一项节约合金，简化工序，节约能源的先进轧钢技术，通过对控轧与控冷工艺的具体分析提出，控轧与控冷工艺能充分挖掘钢材的潜力，大幅度提高钢材的综合性能，通过对控轧控冷工艺在中厚板及带钢生产中应用的分析，说明控轧控冷工艺能给冶金工业及社会带来的巨大的经济效益针对传统控制轧制控制冷却(TMCP)技术存在的问题,提出了以超快冷为核心的新一代的TMCP技术,并详述了作为实现新一代TMCP技术核心手段的超快冷技术的科学内涵和工业装备开发情况。指出新一代TMCP技术综合采用细晶强化、析出强化、相变强化等多种强化机制,可以充分挖掘钢铁材料的潜力,节省资源和能源,优化现有的轧制过程,有利于钢铁工业的可持续发展。最后给出了以新一代TMCP为特征的创新轧制过程的案例。展示了该技术的广阔的应用前景。

[关键词]：控制轧制；控制冷却；超快冷技术

Abstract:controlled rolling and controlled cooling technology is a saving alloy, simplify the process, energy saving advanced rolling technology, based on the analysis of controlled rolling and controlled cooling technology, controlled rolling and controlled cooling technology can fully tap the potential of steel, greatly improve the comprehensive performance of steel, by means of controlled rolling process of controlled cooling in the applications of plate and strip production analysis, shows that controlled rolling process of controlled cooling can give huge economic benefits of metallurgical industry and the society in view of the traditional control rolling control problems of cooling (TMCP) technology, proposed the ultra fast cooling as the core of the new generation of TMCP technology, and described as a new generation of TMCP technology core means of scientific connotation of ultra fast cooling technology and industrial equipment development.Pointed out that a new generation of TMCP technology integrated with fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening, phase transformation strengthening and so on the many kinds of strengthening mechanism, can fully exert the potential of steel materials, save resources and energy, to optimize the existing rolling process, is conducive to the sustainable development of iron and steel industry.Characterized by a new generation of TMCP shows the case of the innovation of the rolling process.Shows a broad prospect of application of the technology.

Keyword：Controlled rolling；Controlled cooling;Super fast cooling technology

1引言

近三十年以来，控制轧制和控制冷却技术在国外得到了迅速的发

展，国外大多数宽厚板厂均采用控制轧制和控制冷却工艺，生产具有高强度、高韧性、良好焊接性的优质钢板。概要介绍了控制轧制和控制冷却技术的发展历史及冶金学原理，着重论述了国外宽厚板厂控制轧制和控制冷却技术的进展及现状

2基本概念

控制轧制是指在热轧过程中通过对金属加热制度、变形制度和温度制度进行合理控制，使热塑性变形与固态相变相结合，以获得细小的晶粒组织，使钢材具有优异的综合力学性能的轧制新工艺。

控制冷却是通过控制轧后钢材的冷却速度以达到改善钢材组织和性能的目的。由于热轧变形的作用，促使变形奥氏体向铁素体转变的温度（Ar3）提高，相变后的铁素体晶粒容易长大，造成力学性能降低。为了细化铁素体晶粒，缩小珠光体片层间距，阻止碳化物在高温下析出，提高析出强化效果，多采用控制冷却工艺。

控制轧制和控制冷却相结合能将热轧钢材的两种强化效果相加，进一步提高钢材的强韧性，获得合理的综合力学性能。在欧洲，这种技术称为热机械处理。

3 控制轧制工艺的机理和特点

控制轧制工艺是指钢坯在稳定的奥氏体区域（Ar3）或在亚稳定区域（Ar3～Ar1）内进行轧制，然后空冷或控制冷却速度，以获得铁素体与珠光体组织，某些情况下可获得贝氏体组织。现代控制 轧制工艺应用了奥氏体的再结晶和未再结晶两方面的理论，通过降低板坯的加热温度、控制变形量和终轧温度，充分利用固溶强化、沉淀强化、