TG11_04_Topology_中文

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ntopology 使用手册

ntopology 使用手册全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：ntopology 是一款强大的设计软件，被广泛用于工程设计、产品制造和拓扑优化等领域。

本手册将为您详细介绍ntopology 的基本功能和使用方法，帮助您更好地利用这一工具进行设计和优化工作。

一、nTopology 简介ntopology 是一款基于云计算平台的设计软件，主要用于工程设计、产品制造和拓扑优化。

它提供了丰富的建模工具和优化算法，帮助用户快速实现复杂的设计和优化任务。

ntopology 支持STL、STEP、IGES 等多种文件格式，具有良好的兼容性和易用性。

1. 参数化建模：ntopology 支持参数化建模，用户可以轻松地调整设计中的各种参数，并实时查看设计效果。

这大大提高了设计效率和灵活性。

2. 拓扑生成：ntopology 提供了丰富的拓扑生成工具，用户可以根据设计要求和优化目标生成不同的拓扑结构，实现设计与优化的完美结合。

3. 网格生成：ntopology 可以快速生成高质量的网格模型，支持自动修复模型、拓扑兼容等功能，确保生成的网格模型符合要求。

4. 拓扑优化：ntopology 提供了多种拓扑优化算法，可以帮助用户快速实现结构轻量化、性能优化等目标，提高产品的性能和效率。

5. 仿真分析：ntopology 支持与各种仿真软件的集成，用户可以使用nTopology 进行拓扑优化，并直接将优化结果导入仿真软件进行性能分析。

6. 后处理和导出：ntopology 支持对设计结果进行后处理和导出，包括STL、STEP、IGES 等多种格式，方便用户与其他软件进行数据交换和共享。

1. 安装和注册：用户需要下载并安装nTopology 软件，并进行注册。

注册成功后，用户可以登录nTopology 账号，开始使用软件。

2. 创建新项目：在nTopology 软件中，用户可以创建新项目并命名，选择合适的模板或直接开始设计。

Titan 11.4 Upgrade Procedure说明书

Version HistoryVersion Release Date Details11.421/08/19Maintenance ReleaseVersion 11.4Upgrade Procedure1. Upgrading from: All Consoles:Please note that version 10 and above will not work on original Tiger Touch and Pearl Expert consoles without the 'Pro' upgrade including the UPS board. Additionally all consoles require 4GB of RAM and a 40GB SSD. Please contact Avolites for further information.2. Upgrading from: Consoles 11.0 and above:Please ensure you save and backup your shows before attempting to upgrade any software. An automated upgrade path from Titan 11.0 and above is provided. You can download the latest Titan software by clicking on the relevant console here. Full instructions for upgrading both with an installer and a recovery stick are supplied with the download and can be found in the console manual. The installer upgrade procedure is reproduced briefly below: Please save the software to the root directory of a USB stick or other media and follow these instructions:Insert the USB stick in the console and select Control Panel > Titan Installers > Titan 11.4 Setup on the tools menu. Follow the instructions presented by the installer, taking care to read each step carefully. Once the setup completes you need to restart the console. W hen the console restarts it should be updated to the new software; please check this by reading the version number in system mode.3. Upgrading from: PC any version:Supported versions of W indows are W indows 7, W indows 8.1 and W indows 10. This affects Titan One, Titan Mobile, Titan Simulator and Personality Builder. Please ensure you save and backup your shows before attempting to upgrade any software. You can download the latest Titan software here. W hen it has finished downloading find the setup file and double click to run it. Follow the instructions presented by the installer, taking care to read each stepcarefully. Once the setup completes you need to restart the computer.Bugs Fixed1. Invalid sub-fixture cells preventing show loading:Occasionally it was possible to end up with a show file with sub-fixture cells which did not correspond to the correct fixture type, which could cause a show to fail to load. These invalid cells will now be removed allowing the rest of the show to load.2. PC Suite cannot be installed on Windows 10 Enterprise LTSB:The Titan PC Suite Installer would refuse to run on computers running Long Term Servicing Branch (LTSB / LTSC) versions of W indows 10 Enterprise. The installer now permits PC Suite to be installed on these versions.3. Key Frame Shapes not visible in cues and cannot be included after show file versionupgrade:After upgrading a show from a previous version, key frame shapes recorded into cues would not be visible in Playback View, and could not be included into the programmer. Such shows are now repaired so that key frame shapes act correctly.4. Tracked shapes reported as deleted after show file version upgrade:After upgrading a show from a previous version, tracked shapes in cue lists would be reported as having been removed from the showfile when they should not have been; however, the tracked shapes would still play back correctly. Tracked shapes are no longer removed during show file cleanup.5. Disabling shape tracking behaves incorrectly after show file version upgrade:After upgrading a show from a previous version, a cuelist which contained tracked shapes and subsequently had shape tracking disabled would no longer contain the correct (non-tracked) shapes. Disabling shape tracking after upgrades now preserves the non-tracked shapeinformation from when the cuelist was recorded.6. Global Shape Palettes failing to load or import:After upgrading a show from a previous version, Global Shape Palettes would not function correctly. Global Shape Palettes could also not be imported. Global Shape Palettes now load correctly.7. Playback Page legends lost after software restart in certain old shows:In certain showfiles that had been upgraded from previous versions, playback page legends would be lost when the software was restarted. Playback page legends are now stored and loaded correctly.8. BPM Master gets stuck and cannot be changed:It was possible for BPM Masters to become stuck on a particular setting and refuse to change;changes have been made to improve reliability of setting BPM masters.9. Preset faders would not override playback levels:If a playback was controlling the level of a fixture it was not possible to use the preset faders to change the level although you could control them using the wheels.10. Pixel Maps can sometimes fail to run on TNPs:Certain show load issues could cause the Pixel Mapping engine on a TNP to become unusable and fail to produce any output. This issue has been contained such that in this error case the Pixel Mapping engine can continue to function.11. Align non-functional on attributes not in programmer:Align would not act on any attributes of a destination fixture which were not already in the programmer. Align now acts on all attributes of the target fixture according to the Align mask.12. Random fixture order cannot be recorded:A fixture selection with the order set to Random would record into playbacks and groups as ifthe order had not been applied. Random order now records correctly.。

常用中国图书分类号码

O数理科学和化学01数学01-61数学词典01-64数学表O1-8计算工具O11古典数学O119中国数学O12初等数学O121算术O122初等代数O123初等几何O124三角O13高等数学O14数理逻辑、数学基础O15代数、数论、组合理论O151代数方程式论、，线性代数O152群论O153抽象代数（近世代数）O154范畴论O155微分代数、差分代数O156数论O157组合数学O158离散数学O159模糊数学O17数学分析O171分析基础O172微积分O173无穷极数论O174函数论O175微分方程O176变分法O177泛函分析O178不等式及其他O18几何、拓扑O181几何基础O182解析几何O183向量和张量分析O184非欧几何、多维空间几何O185画法几何O186微分几何和积分几何O187代数几何O188拓扑（形势几何学）O21概率论与数理统计O212数理统计O213应用统计数学O22运筹学O23控制论、信息论O24计算数学O29应用数学O3力学O31理论力学O32振动理论O34固体力学O35流体力学O38爆炸力学O39应用力学O4物理学O4-33物理学实验方法与设备O4-39电子计算机在物理学中的应用O4-61物理学词典O41理论物理学O42声学O412相对论O413量子论O43光学O44电磁学、电动力学O45无线物理学O46真空无线电子学O47半导体物理学O48固体物理学O51低温物理学O52高压与高温物理学O53等离子体物理学O55热学与物质分子运动论O56分子物理学、原子物理学O57原子核物理学、高能物理学O59应用物理学O6化学O6-61化学词典O6-3化学实验（实验化学）O6-39电子计算机在化学中的应用O6-64化学用表O61无机化学O62有机化学O63高分子化学（高聚物）O64物理化学（理论化学）、化学物理O69应用化学O7晶体学P天文学、地理科学P1天文学P1-09天文学史P11天文观测设备与观测资料P12天体测量学P13天体力学P14天体物理学P15恒星天文学、星系天文学、宇宙学P16射电天文学（无线电天文学）P17空间天文学P18太阳系P19时间、历法P194历法P195历书P197天文年历P2测绘学P3地球物理学P315地震学P4大气科学（气象学）P5地质学P7海洋学P9自然地理学P93部门自然地理学P94区域自然地理学P96自然资源学P98自然地理图Q生物科学Q-49生物学的普及读物Q-61物理学词典Q1普通生物学Q10生命的起源Q11生物演化和发展Q13生物形态学Q14生态学Q15生物分布与生物地理学Q16保护生物学Q17水生生物学Q18寄生生物学Q19生物分类学Q2细胞生物学Q3遗传学Q4生理学Q5生物化学Q6生物物理学Q7分子生物学Q75分子遗传学Q78基因工程（遗传工程）Q81生物工程学（生物技术）Q91古生物学Q93微生物学Q939.1细菌学Q94植物学Q94-49普及读物Q94-61植物学词典Q95动物学Q95-49普及读物Q95-61动物学词典Q96昆虫学Q98人类学Q981.1人类起源论Q987人类遗传学R医学、卫生R-61医药卫生词典R-62医药卫生手册R1预防医学、卫生学R11卫生基础科学R12环境卫生、环境医学R13劳动卫生R14放射卫生R15营养卫生、食品卫生R16个人卫生R161一般保健法R163生活制度与卫生R167性卫生R169计划生育与卫生R17妇幼卫生R179儿童、少年卫生R18流行病学与防疫R19保健组织事业（卫生事业管理）R2中国医学R21中医预防、卫生学R212养生R22中医基础理论R24中医临床学R241中医诊断学R243中草药治疗学R244外治法（物理疗法）R245针灸疗法R247其他疗法R278中医急症学R28中药学R289方剂学R2-62中医各科手册R3基础医学R32人体形态学R33人体生理学R338神经生理R339感觉器官生理学R36病理学R392医学免疫学R394医学遗传学R395医学心理学、病理心理学R4临床医学R44诊断学R45治疗学R47护理学R48临终关怀学R49康复医学R5内科学R51传染病R52结核病R53寄生虫病R54心脏、血管疾病R55血液及淋巴系疾病R56呼吸及胸部疾病R57消化系及腹部疾病R58内分泌腺疾病及代谢病R59全身性疾病R592老年病学R599地方病学R6外科学R62整形外科学R64创伤外科学R68骨科学R69泌尿科学R71妇产科学R72儿科学R73肿瘤学R74神经病学与精神病学R75皮肤病学与性病学R76耳鼻咽喉科学R77眼科学R78口腔科学R8特种医学R9药学T工业技术T-0工业技术理论T-1工业技术现状与发展T-18专利T-2机构、团体、会议T-29工程技术人员T-6参考工具书T-62工程师手册、技术手册T-63产品目录、样本T-65工业规程与标准TB一般工业技术TB1工程基础科学TB2工程设计与测绘TB3工程材料学TB4工业通用技术与设备TB5声学工程TB6制冷工程TB7真空技术TB8摄影技术TB81摄影理论TB82拍摄技术TB84感光材料TB85摄影机具与设备TB86各种摄影技术TB88洗印技术TB89拍摄技术的应用TB9计量学TB91计量单位与单位制TB91-64度量衡换算法和换算表TD矿业工程TD1矿山地质与测量TD2矿山设计与建设TD3矿山压力与支护TD4矿山机械TD5矿山运输与设备TD6矿山电工TD7矿山安全与劳动保护TD8矿山开采TD9选矿TD98矿产资源的综合利用TE石油、天然气TE0能源与节能TE1石油、天然气地质与勘探TE2钻井工程TE3油气田开发与开采TE4油气田建设TE5海上油气田勘探与开发TE6石油、天然气加工工业TE8石油、天然气储存与运输TE9石油机械设备与自动化[TE99]石油、天然气工业环境保护与综合利用TF冶金工业TF0一般性问题TF1冶金技术TF3冶金机械、冶金生产自动化TF4钢铁冶炼（黑色金属冶炼）TF5炼铁TF6铁合金冶炼TF7炼钢TF8有色金属冶炼TG金属学与金属工艺TG1金属学与热处理TG11金属学TG13合金学与各种性质合金TG14金属材料TG15热处理TG17金属腐蚀与保护、金属表面处理TG2铸造TG3金属压力加工TG4焊接、金属切割及金属粘接TG5金属切削加工及机床TG61齿轮加工及齿轮机床TG7刀具、磨料、磨具、夹具、模具和手工具TG8公差与技术测量及机械量仪TH机械仪表工业TH11机械学（机械设计基础理论）TH12机械设计、计算与制图TH13机械零件及传动装置TH14机械制造用材料TH16机械制造工艺TH17机械运行与维修TH18机械工厂TH2起重机械与运输机械TH3泵TH4气体压缩与输送机械TH6专用机械与设备TH7仪器、仪表TH71计量仪器TH72坐标器、计算机具、计数器TH73物理学与力学一般仪器TH74光学仪器TH75天文仪器TH76地球科学仪器TH77医药卫生器械TH79生物科学与农林科学仪器TH81热工量的测量仪表TH82力学量测量仪表TH83成分分析仪器TH841波谱仪TH842能谱仪TH843质谱仪TH85显示仪表TH86工业自动化仪表TH87材料试验与试验仪器TH89其他仪器仪表TJ武器工业TJ0一般性问题TJ2枪械TJ3火炮TJ4弹药、引信、火工品TJ5爆破器材、烟火器材、火炸药TJ6水中兵器TJ7火箭、导弹TJ71火箭筒、火箭炮、火箭弹TJ76导弹TJ8战车、战舰、战机、航天武器TJ9核武器与其他特种武器及其防护设备TK能源与动力工程TK0一般性问题TK01能源TK02蓄能技术TK05动力机械TK08动力厂TK1热力工程、热机TK2蒸汽动力工程TK22蒸汽锅炉TK24蒸汽机TK26蒸汽轮机TK28蒸汽动力工厂TK3热工量测和热工自动控制TK4内燃机TK5特殊热能及其机械TK6生物能及其利用TK7水能、水力机械TK8风能、风力机械TK91氢能及其利用TL原子能技术TL1基础理论TL2核燃料及其生产TL3核反应堆工程TL4各种核反应堆、核电厂TL5加速器TL6受控热核反应（聚变反应理论及实验装置）TL7辐射防护TL8粒子探测技术、辐射探测技术与核仪器仪表TL91核爆炸TL92放射性同位素的生产与制备TL93放射性物质的包装、运输和贮存TL94放射性废物管理及综合利用TL99原子能技术的应用TM电工技术TM0一般性问题TM1电工基础理论TM11电工单位、电工计算TM13电路理论TM14磁路TM15电磁场理论的应用TM2电工材料TM3电机TM4变压器、变流器及电抗器TM5电器TM6发电、发电厂TM7输配电工程、电力网及电力系统TM8高电压技术TM91独立电源技术（直接发电）TM92电气化、电能应用TM921电力拖动（电气传动）TM922电力牵引TM923电气照明TM924电热TM925家用电器及其他电器设备TM925.1空气调节用电器TM925.2冷藏用电器TM925.3清洁卫生用电器TM925.4整容、保健用电器TN925.5厨房用电器、电炊具TM925.6取暖电器TM925.9其他电器[TM926]农村电气化TM93电气测量技术及仪器TN无线电电子学、电信技术TN0一般性问题TN1真空电子技术TN2光电子技术、激光技术TN3半导体技术TN4微电子学、集成电路（IC）TN6电子元件、组件TN7基本电子电路TN70一般性问题TN710电子电路TN711网络TN713滤波器TN715均衡器TN72放大技术、放大器TN73功率合成器TN75振荡技术、振荡器TN76调制技术与调制器、解调技术与解调器TN78脉冲技术、脉冲电路TN79数字电路TN8无线电设备、电信设备TN82天线TN85接收设备、无线电收音机TN86电源TN87终端设备TN91通信TN911通信理论TN912电声技术和语音信号处理TN913有线通信、通信线路工程TN914通信系统（传输系统）TN915通信网TN916电话TN917电报、传真TN918通信保密与通信安全TN919数据通信TN919.8图像通信、多媒体通信TN92无线通信TN927卫星通信和宇宙通信TN929.5移动通信TN93广播TN94电视TN95雷达TN96无线电导航TN97电子对抗（干扰及抗干扰）TN99无线电电子学的应用TP自动化技术、计算机技术TP1自动化基础理论TP2自动化技术及设备TP3计算技术、计算机技术TP30一般性问题TP309安全保密TP31计算机软件TP311程序设计、软件工程TP312程序语言、算法语言TP313汇编语言TP314编译程序、解释系统TP315管理程序、管理系统TP316操作系统TP317程序包（应用软件）TP317.1办公自动化系统TP317.2文字处理软件TP317.3表处理软件TP317.4图像处理软件TP319专用应用软件TP32一般计算器和计算机TP33电子数字计算机（连续作用电子计算机）TP34电子模拟计算机（连续作用电子计算机）TP35混合电子计算机TP36微型计算机TP368各种微型计算机TP37多媒体技术与多媒体计算机TP38其他计算机TP39计算机的应用TP391信息处理（信息加工）TP391.1文字信息处理TP391.12汉字处理系统TP391.13表格处理系统TP391.14文字录入技术TP391.7机器辅助技术TP393计算机网络TP393.08计算机网络安全TP393.09网络应用程序TP393.1局域网、城域网TP393.2广域网TP393.4国际互联网TP6射流技术（流控技术）TP7遥感技术TP73探测仪器及系统TP8远动技术TQ化学工业TQ0一般性问题TQ11基本无机化学工业TQ12非金属无机化合物化学工业TQ15电化学工业TQ151电解工业TQ153电镀工业TQ16电热工业、高温制品工业TQ17硅酸盐工业TQ171玻璃工业TQ172水泥工业TQ173搪瓷工业TQ174陶瓷工业TQ175耐火材料TQ176石棉工业TQ177人造石及其他胶凝材料TQ2基本有机化学工业TQ31高分子化合物（高聚物工业）TQ32合成树指与塑料工业TQ33橡胶工业TQ34化学纤维工业TQ35纤维素质的化学加工工业TQ41溶剂与增塑剂的生产TQ42试剂与纯化学品的生产TQ43胶粘剂工业TQ44化学肥料工业TQ45农药工业TQ46制药化学工业TQ51燃料化学工业TQ52炼焦化学工业TQ53煤化学及煤的加工利用TQ54煤炭气化工业TQ55燃料照明工业TQ56爆炸物工业、火柴工业TQ57感光材料工业TQ58磁性记录材料工业TQ59光学记录材料工业TQ61染料及中间体工业TQ62颜料工业TQ63涂料工业TQ64油脂和蜡的化学加工工业、肥皂工业TQ65香料及化妆品工业TQ9其他化学工业TS轻工业、手工业TS0一般性问题TS1纺织工业、染整工业TS2食品工业TS21粮食加工工业TS22食用油脂加工工业TS23淀粉工业TS24制糖工业TS251屠宰及肉类加工工业TS252乳品加工工业TS253蛋品加工工业TS254水产加工工业TS255水果、蔬菜、坚果加工工业TS26酿造工业TS27饮料冷食制造工业TS29罐头工业TS3制盐工业TS4烟草工业TS5皮革工业TS6木材加工工业、家具制造工业TS664-64家具图谱TS7造纸工业TS8印刷工业TS91五金制品工业TS93工艺美术制品工业TS932雕塑工艺品TS933石料美术制品TS934金属工艺美术制品TS935刺绣、编结、制毯TS935.1中国刺绣TS935.5编结TS938民间工艺美术制品TS94服装工业、制鞋工业TS941服装工业TS943制鞋工业TS95其他轻工业、手工业TS97生活服务技术TS971美食学TS972饮食调制技术及设备TS972.1烹饪法、食谱、菜谱TS972.19调酒技术TS972.2饮食设备与管理TS972.3饮食管理TS973洗染、缝补TS974美容、沐浴、清洁TS974.1美容TS975居住管理TS976家庭管理、家庭生活、家庭服务TS976.1家庭管理[TS976.2]家庭卫生保健TS976.3家庭生活知识TS976.4穿着TS976.7家庭服务TS976.8家庭用品与设备TS976.9家庭自动化TU建筑科学TU-0建筑理论TU-09建筑史TU-8建筑艺术TU-88建筑艺术图集TU1建筑基础科学TU19建筑勘测TU2建筑设计TU24民用建筑TU26农业建筑TU27工业建筑TU3建筑结构TU4土力学、地基基础工程TU5建筑材料TU6建筑施工机械和设备TU7建筑施工TU8房屋建筑设备TU82管道设备TU82房屋卫生技术设备TU89安全设备TU9地下建筑TU97高层建筑TU98区域规划、城乡规划TU984城市规划TU985绿化规划TU986园林规划与建设TU99市政工程TU991给水工程TU992排水工程TU993公共卫生工程TU994城市供电和通信TU995城市集中供热TU996城市燃气供应TU998其他市政工程及公用设备TV水利工程TV1水利工程基础科学TV21水资源调查与不利规划TV22水工勘测、水工设计TV3水工结构TV4水工材料TV5水利工程施工TV6水利枢纽、水工建筑物TV7水能利用、水电站工程TV8治河工程与防洪工程TV85治河方法（河道整治）TV86整治建筑TV87防洪工程TV88世界各国河流治理TV882中国TV882.1黄河TV882.2长江[TV91]运渠（运河、渠道）工程[TV92]港湾工程[TV93]农田水利工程U交通运输U1综合运输U2铁路运输U21铁路线路工程U22电气化铁路U23特种铁路U26机车工程U27车辆工程U28铁路通信、信号U29铁路运输管理工程U4公路运输U41道路工程U44桥涵工程U45隧道工程U46汽车工程U471汽车驾驶与使用U48其他道路运输工具U49交通工程与公路运输技术管理U6水路运输U61航道工程U64通航建筑物与助航设备U65港口工程U66船舶工程U674各种船舶U69水路运输技术管理[U8]航空运输V航空、航天V1航空、航天技术的研究与探索V11航空、航天的发展与空间探索V19航空、航天的应用V2航空V21基础理论及实验V22飞机构造与设计V23航空发动机（推进系统）V24航空仪表、航空设备、飞行控制与导航V25航空用材料V26航空制造工艺V27各类型航空器V32航空飞行术V35航空港、机场及技术管理V37航空系统V4航天（宇宙航行）V41基础理论及实验V42火箭、航天器构造V43推进系统（发动机）V44航天仪表、航天器设备、航天器制导与控制V45航空用材料V46制造工艺V47航天器及其运载工具V52航天飞行术V55地面设备、试验场、发射场、航天基地V57航天系统工程。

静电纺丝法制备LaFeO_3微纳米纤维

Vo.l 30高等学校化学学报No .112009年11月 CHEM I CAL J OURNAL OF CH I NESE UN I VERSI T I E S 2112~2115静电纺丝法制备LaFe O 3微纳米纤维季宏伟1,周德凤1,周险峰2,刘海涛1,孟健2(1.长春工业大学化学与生命科学学院,长春130012;2.中国科学院长春应用化学研究所稀土资源利用国家重点实验室,长春130022)摘要采用静电纺丝技术并结合溶胶凝胶方法制备了L aF e O 3微纳米纤维.用差热热重分析(TG DTA )、X 射线衍射(XRD )、红外光谱(FT IR )、X 射线光电子能谱和场发射扫描电镜(FE SE M )对样品进行了表征.实验结果表明,390 时钙钛矿结构的LaFeO 3晶体开始形成,同时伴有少量微弱的L a 2O 2CO 3和Fe 2O 3杂相存在,600 煅烧获得正交钙钛矿结构的LaF eO 3微纳米纤维,其纤维直径分布在300~600n m 之间,其平均直径约为420n m,平均晶粒尺寸为28n m.关键词静电纺丝;微纳米纤维;L aFeO 3中图分类号 O 614 33 文献标识码 A 文章编号 0251 0790(2009)11 2112 04收稿日期:2009 06 04.基金项目:国家自然科学基金(批准号:20871023,20671088)和吉林省科技发展计划(批准号:20070510)资助.联系人简介:周德凤,女,博士,教授,主要从事无机固体材料研究.E m ai:l defengz hou65@126.co mLa Fe O 3作为一种典型的AB O 3钙钛矿结构材料,其禁带宽度可通过选择合适的A 位和B 位离子部分掺杂进行调节,已广泛用于汽车尾气的净化[1,2]及光催化降解有毒污染物[3~5].因为LaFe O 3在800 以下具有优异的电子与离子混合导电性能,所以被认为是最有希望成为与Ce O 2基电解质相适应的中温固体氧化物燃料电池(I T SOFC)的阴极材料[6~9].目前已成功制备了LaFe O 3纳米晶[10]和纳米线[11]等,但对于具有准一维结构的LaFeO 3微纳米纤维的制备及性能研究尚未见报道.静电纺丝法是目前制备无机物微纳米纤维的一种简单易行的方法[12~14].本文采用静电纺丝法制备了具有准一维结构的LaFe O 3微纳米纤维.由于静电纺丝法制备的La Fe O 3微纳米纤维具有较大的比表面积、纳米微孔结构和磁电性能[13],因此可以在固体燃料电池、固体电解质、传感器和催化领域得到广泛应用,特别是在光催化领域的应用逐渐成为人们研究的热点.1 实验部分1.1 试剂与仪器所用醋酸镧[La(C H 3COO)3 1 5H 2O]、乙酰丙酮铁(C 15H 21Fe O 6)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(P VP ,平均分子量1300000)均为分析纯试剂(A lfa Aesar 公司);无水乙醇(C 2H 5OH )和冰醋酸(C H 3C OOH )为分析纯试剂(北京化学试剂公司).采用美国TA i n str um ents 公司SDT 2960型热重与差热(TG DTA )同步分析仪在空气中测试样品的TG DTA 曲线;日本理学(R i g aku)D /m ax 2500型X 射线衍射仪测定样品的XRD 谱图;采用美国Ther m o 公司产ESCALAB 250型能谱仪测试样品的X 射线光电子能谱(XPS),射线源为A l K (h =1486 6e V )射线,以C 1s (284 6e V )做为校正标准;扫描电子显微镜为FE I/Ph ilips XL 30场发射环境扫描电子显微镜(Fie l d e m issi o n scanning electron m icroscopy ,FE SE M ),样品测试时表面经过喷金处理,观测时操作电压为20kV.利用扫描电镜所带的能量散射X 射线分析(EDXA )系统对样品进行能谱分析,确定元素种类与含量.1.2 前驱体溶液配制先将1 0g PVP 加入到9 0mL 的无水乙醇中,用磁力搅拌器搅拌12h ,得到10%(质量分数)PVP溶液备用;按n (Fe)!n (La)=1!1配比称取醋酸镧和乙酰丙酮铁加入上述10%PVP 溶液中,最后滴入适量的冰醋酸,搅拌12h 即得PVP /La(C H 3C OO )3 1 5H 2O C 15H 21Fe O 6前驱体溶胶,简写为P VP /LFO 溶胶.1.3 PVP /LF O 复合纤维的制备将配制好的PVP /LFO 前驱体溶胶加入由玻璃注射器制成的纺丝器中(纺丝喷头内径为0 8mm ),用一根铂丝插入前驱体溶胶中作阳极,铝箔作阴极,铝箔与水平面成30∀角,阳极和阴极之间的垂直距离为15~20c m,缓慢增加电压,当电压达到15~18kV 时,纺丝开始喷出,固定在此电压下开始静电纺丝,最后在铝箔上即得到无序排列的PVP /LFO 复合超细纤维无纺布.1.4 LaFe O 3微纳米纤维的制备将制得的P VP /LFO 复合纤维置于烘箱中于90 恒温2h ,然后放入马福炉中煅烧,以1 /m i n 的速率升温,在350和600 分别保温2h,自然冷却至室温得到分布均匀的LaFe O 3微纳米纤维.2 结果与讨论2.1 差热热重分析为确定PVP /LFO 溶胶前驱体的热处理温度,对P VP /LFO 溶胶前驱体在空气气氛下采用5 /m i n 的升温速率进行差热热重测试.由PVP /LFO 溶胶前驱体的TG DTA 曲线(图1)可知,128 处有一个小的吸热峰,对应纤维的脱水过程;320 附近有一个明显的放热峰,并伴随着剧烈的失重,这是La Fe O 3前驱体中有机官能团以及反应物共同分解作用的结果;在390 有一个明显的放热峰,说明钙钛矿结构的La Fe O 3晶体开始形成;550 以后失重不再变化,表明La Fe O 3多晶微纳米纤维已经形成.F ig .1 TG DTA curves of hyb rid f i bers ofPVP /LaFeO3F ig .2 XRD patterns of th e as p repared fi b ers(a ),and those after calci na ti on s at 400 (b ),600 (c )2.2 XRD 分析图2给出P VP /LFO 样品在煅烧前、400和600 下分别煅烧2h 的XRD 谱图.从图2谱线a 可知,PVP /LFO 复合凝胶纤维煅烧前并未出现LFO 的特征峰;煅烧到400 (图2谱线b )时,LFO 的特征峰已经出现,但在图2谱线b 中还有少数很弱的La 2O 2CO 3(J CPDS:N o .48 1113)和四方Fe 2O 3(JCPDS:N o .25 1402)杂相存在;经600 煅烧后杂相消失,清晰完整的正交钙钛矿La Fe O 3的特征峰出现.对照国际晶体学标准数据库卡片(J CPDS:N o .37 1493),纤维由正交结构的La Fe O 3晶粒组成[11].由Scherrer 公式计算,样品在600 煅烧后,晶粒的平均粒径为28n m.2.3 光电子能谱分析图3为La Fe O 3中各元素的XPS 光谱图.从图3(A )可以看出,La 的3d 能谱由4个峰组成,其电子结合能分别是856 4,852 4,839 1和835 7e V.金属La 的3d 特征峰是双峰,即当La 的4f 轨道未受到任何化学环境影响时,在852 7e V (3d 3/2)和835 7e V (3d 5/2)处出现特征峰.当La 与O 形成氧化物时,La 3d 3/2和La 3d 5/2均表现为双峰,即伴峰现象.La 3d 能谱伴峰出现的原因是由于La 3d 3/2和La 3d 5/2内壳层的电子电离后,与La 配位的O 2p 价电子转移到La 的4f 空轨道上,引起La 3d 特征峰劈裂,从而导致La 3d 3/2和La 3d 5/2伴峰的产生[15].图3(B)为LaFe O 3中Fe 元素的XPS 双峰能谱,根据电子结合能数值可知Fe 为+3价[16].图3(C)为LaFe O 3中O 元素的XPS 双峰能谱,说明表面上有两类氧物种,电子结2113 N o .11 季宏伟等:静电纺丝法制备L aF e O 3微纳米纤维Fig .3 XPS of La 3d (A ),Fe 2p (B )and O 1s (C)e le m en t for L aFe O 3合能较高的峰531e V 归属为吸附氧(吸附氧可能有多种物种组成,如OH -,O -,O 2-和O 2-2等)[11,17],与材料中氧空位的浓度有关,电子结合能较低的峰529 1e V 可归属为晶格氧,与金属离子的氧化还原性质有关[16].2.4 IR 光谱分析在600 下煅烧2h 纤维样品的FTI R 测试结果如图4所示.波数为559c m -1的吸收峰归属于F ig .4 FTI R spec tru m of fiber sa m ple at 600La Fe O 3晶体的特征吸收峰[18];波数1059和851c m -1的吸收峰分别为LaFe O 3钙钛矿结构La #O 及Fe #O 键伸缩振动峰,表明钙钛矿物相已基本形成,与XRD 结果一致;波数1363~1631c m -1之间的吸收峰归属于醋酸根#COO -的共振吸收峰[19];波数3434c m -1的吸收峰归属为吸附水的O #H 伸缩振动吸收峰.2.5 FE SE M 分析图5是PVP /LFO 复合纤维及其在600 煅烧温度下的扫描电镜照片.从图5(A )可以看到,表面光滑、直径较粗(500~800nm )的PVP /LFO 复合纤维经煅烧后,由于P VP 和醋酸镧、乙酰丙酮铁的分解,纤维逐渐变细(300~500n m ),纤维表面也变得粗糙.从图5(C)样品的EDS 能谱可以清楚观察到La ,Fe 和O 几种元素的存在,并且La 和Fe 元素摩尔比与实验加入的比例基本一致,进一步说明La Fe O 3已经生成.Fig .5 FE SE M i m ages and EDS spectrum of variou s f i ber sa m p les(A)FE SE M i m age of the as pepared fi bers ;(B)FE SEM i m age of sa mp les aft er cal ci nati on at 600 ;(C )corres ponding EDS s pectrum.3 结论以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)和相应的有机盐为前驱体,采用简单的静电纺丝法制得直径分布均匀的2114高等学校化学学报 V o.l 30La Fe O 3微纳米纤维,为制备更多的ABO 3钙钛矿结构氧化物微纳米纤维开创了一种有效的新方法,同时也为La Fe O 3微纳米材料在汽车尾气净化和光催化降解有毒污染物等领域的应用拓宽了范围.参考文献[1] Zhang L.,Hu J .F .,Song P .,et al ..Sen s or Act u at .B [J],2006,119:315#318[2] Toan N.N.,Saukko S .,Lan tto V .,Physical B[J],2003,327:279#282[3] L U Dao Rong(鲁道荣),WANG Q iong Yan(王琼燕).M et a lli c Fun cti ona lM at eri als(金属功能材料)[J],2006,13(5):22#25[4] J ohn N.K.,Um i t S .O ..J .Cata.l [J],2008,253:200#211[5] B i b i ana P . B.,J u lio A .G .,Lu i s E. C..App.l Cata.l B :Env i ron .[J],2006,65:21#30[6] H ungM.H.,M adhava R aoM.V .,TsaiD.S ..M ater .C he m.Phys .[J],2007,101:297#302[7] V lad i s l av V .K .,AndreiV.K.,M i khailV .P .,e t al ..Che m.M at er .[J],2008,20:6457#6467[8] Zhen Y .D .,Tok A .I .Y.,J i ang S.P .,et a l ..J .Po w er Sources[J],2007,170:61#66[9] Chen J .,L i ang F .L .,L i u L.N.,et a l ..J .Po w er Sources[J],2008,183:586#589[10] W ang Y .P .,Zhu J .W.,Zhang L .L .,et al ..M ater .Lett .[J ],2006,60:1767#1770[11] Y ang Z .,Hu ang Y .,Dong B.,et a l ..M at er .Res .Bu l .l [J],2006,41:274#281[12] Zh ou X .F .,Zhao Y.,Cao X .Y.,et al ..M ater .Lett .[J ],2008,62:470#472[13] Y ang Y .,W ang H.Y.,L iX .,et al ..M ater .Lett .[J],2009,63:331#333[14] WANG Li Fang(王丽芳),Z HAO Yong(赵勇),JI ANG Lei(江雷),et a l ..Che m.J .Ch i nes e Un i versiti es(高等学校化学学报)[J],2009,30(4):731#734[15] S i gnorelliA.J .,H ayes R.G..Phys .R ev .B[J],1973,8(1):81#86[16] L iX .,Zhang H. B.,L i u X.X.,et a l ..M ater .Ch e m.Phys .[J],1994,38(4):355#362[17] L iX .,L i u X .X .,Xu B .,e t al ..J .A lloys C o m pd .[J],1992,186(2):315#319[18] K arraker D .G ..J .Inorg .Nuc.l Che m.[J],1969,31:2815#2832[19] CHEN Y ong H ong(陈永红),WE I Y i J un(魏亦军),L I U X i ng Q i n (刘杏芹),e t a l ..Fun cti ona lM ateri als(功能材料)[J],2005,36(6):865#868Fabri cati on of LaFe O 3M icro nanofi ber by E lectrospi nni ngJIH ong W e i 1,Z HOU De Feng 1*,Z HOU X ian Feng 2,LI U H ai T ao 1,MENG Jian2(1.S c hool of B iolog ical Eng i neering,Chang c hun Uni versity of T echnology,Changchun 130012,Ch i na ;2.S t ate K ey Laboratory of Rare E ar t h R esource U tilizati on ,Institute of A pp lied Che m istry,Chinese A cad e m y of Sciences ,Changchun 130022,China)Abst ract Per ovsk ite structure LaFe O 3M i c ro nano fi b er w as successf u ll y fabricated via e lectrospinn i n g co m b i n ed w ith sol gel techno logy .The sa m ples ofLaFe O 3m icro nanofi b erw ere characterized by ther m og rav i m etr y differential t h er m a l ana l y sis(TG DTA ),X ray diffracti o n(XRD),Fouri e r transfor m i n frared (FT I R ),X ray photoe lectron spectr oscopy(XPS)and fi e l d e m ission scann i n g e l e ctr on m icroscopy(FE SE M )technology ,re specti v e l y .The results show that the perovsk ite structure LaFe O 3crysta ls beg i n to for m at 390 ,acco m pa n ied by a s m a ll a m ount ofw eak La 2O 2CO 3and Fe 2O 3hybri d ,t h e orthogona l per ovsk ite structure LaFe O 3m i cro nanofiber is obta i n ed by ca lcini n g at 600 ,the d istri b uti o n o f fiber dia m eter is bet w een 300and 600n m,the average fiber dia m eter is about 420nm w ith an average gra i n size o f 28nm.K eywords E lectrospi n ning techno logy ;M icro nano fi b er ;La Fe O 3(Ed.:F ,G )2115 N o .11 季宏伟等:静电纺丝法制备L aF e O 3微纳米纤维。

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奥索凌阳方案适用屏编码和驱动对照

奥索凌阳方案适用屏编码和驱动对照奥索凌阳方案适用屏编码和驱动对照2011-10-4 08:27阅读(26)转载自风的味道2.8寸屏：5408B----FPCHL2401 07CV05408------H2801 FPCHL2401.14A SXD0017 2401QQ AO24QN029325------12N 17N 154000 SAT28S01A05 SXD0002 SAT24000 37H 12A05 2803 HW240320F-2L-0A-20 HJ2810AO-AOFPC 0000000024-0019325C----3225LS2088A SAT28009A05 DST280AU006 4N 88N V029325B----LS24XD 22N 17N9320------19E TS028HA 1N 07N 9N SR779028-AO DST28014L037 CMS21019331-----FTM280F17N 17E FTM280F6W 7N 6E FTM280F10E 7NV 8Q 8A18 21N FPC2802-VO TTPHJ07NVO1289-----JS28ND603C-FPC WST240320S280AV02 1298-----SK001V02 HL2802 36B 10N M30111A197 CMS2101-03A SX2.8C98-4_3-37C T28-A T28-B FPC4218-V0123225-----AU28 036 SXD0006 001 7C SAT2400 12A FPC2803-VO 28A03-VO 12A05 KK240037 0039-C 280NP04-04 3728E SX2.8T28-4_3-37H SXD0001PNL9328------T-0028-A61505V---LS28XD 21N 21E 07NVO A18 FPC1A0027-01-A SYM280T01-A093116----15400053909335IH----24008C18 0367781-----21VO 24N 11N 4N 10N 18V2 FPC-TTHJ07CVO CM012 81-36A 8B26 SY280CM0204535-----SXD00179331LG----Q365205----17V0 YSD FPC 28A03-V0 18V21505C----2.4TE8347-----46E FPC-FTM280C05N 61N 80E TP65K9320LG----SAT28008A18 8K1304 KFM529B21 SR7790928-A061505W----SAT28008A18-Q337502----16N 13N 16E 17E 13E 12N SXD00651297----SAT28009A1161505U-FTM----B21 FPA-SH9873-01A_56-PCB RO61505R(3062主控上用）S6D04M0----TF28001A68070-----NT4PTM3728B MHJ101V1 ZBH028GT-01 SXD00688347D-----ZBH028GT-06 FPC-FTM280C58W-008367-----ZBH028GT-02V18230----XY-2405-HSD10-V2 LC2803.1R61509----QXD028-1000-FB9328LG----07V9338-----91N TFT028E001 EY028CMIL-001-V029335LG----LS28003ILI9320----826709341-----T-280A03-B-16 YQ24TM41-36CLCM0154------2805-PR112-V22.4屏5408-----A024QN025408B----FPCHL2401 SAT24001005 NOATS-V019325-----FPC-S2 TM240320C1NFWCWC FP-29325C----25N3225----Q36 154002660 FTP240F17N FTP240F22N 8C 24N 25W V1 66N 3624A9328----SPT-024-0061298----SK001V02 10N M30111A1978347----FTP240C61N 46E 5N FTP240C65N 3624F 240C29N 240C09N M403A1079325B----22N LS24XD FPC-JTBJ05JUO1505C----XY-2.4TE-V161580----FTP240H25N FTO240HO 32N 04N 25N9335HY----AST24011C19 091110S61505BOE----AST24011C19L LS-100810背面7781----24N 11N 81-36A61505W----LS24Q35 24036095205----53F F240253F 17V09320----01-1D FPC-FTS240W01 JC T24-E T24-A29340----T24BDHJ71V1 240A28-A-16 40-36A 134 240A37-A FPC-FTM240C179N-00S6D04H0----36PIN SXD0066HX8230------LC32002.1 XY-2405 HSDIO-V34535------SXD00249341-----YQ24TM41-36C T-240A82-D-16261卡屏的屏驱动----32063.5寸ST2102----KR035PA5S VT320240S70-A350TMT035---15400T4500 HW320 158000300 S805037535C R0HS 3.5_FPC_10FTS350----735M2 SN570 FMFU-2F 413450017002 513450006002LQ035----8501显示屏编号与屏驱动对应表1 排线丝印侧面丝印驱动IC2 024-22V1 93203 24WIT36-FPC01 93204 1540001660 TS024HAADD04-00 5408B5 1540002660 9325C6 24008C05-V1 93257 AF240B-36B V1.0 AL240EI-3501 77878 AF-240B-2V4.1 AL-240B-S1 77879 AF283E1-37A V1.2 9320-2.810 AF240E1-36C V1.0 778511 AF240E1-36C V2.0 778512 AF283P3-37A V1.0 9325-2.813 CMS2101-03A 080815 080918-2801A背光片 540814 CMS2101-03A 080815 CMS2101 HCT003-280-41F背光片1298CMT304-1(1)-08 8 30 5408B15 CMS2101-3 932516 FPC-FTS240F01 FTS240H03 150517 FPC-FTS240D03 129818 FPC-FTS240D14 129819 FPC-FTP240CO9N FTS240B03 834720 FPC-FTS240W01 FTP240W47N 129821 FPC-FTM280P04N M30111A150 9325C-2.822 FPC-FTM280C05N 8347-2.823 FPC-FTM280F01N FTM280F01N-00 9320-2.824 FPC-FTM280F06W FPC-FTM280F06N-00 090313(背面）933125 FPC-FTM280F07N R61505-2.826 FPC-FTM280C13N 932527 FPC-FTM280P05N M403A486 9325C28 FPC-Y80032 V01 N0711-14-04 9325-2.829 FTP240D10N-01 0703 129830 FTP240D24N-00 090307 778131 FPC-FTP280P05N FTP280P14N-01背面 778132 FTP240W17N-03 080807 9325B33 FG0280FLW-0802-1 8347-2.834 FPC_HL_2401 540835 HL2801 5408-2.836 HL2402B 5408B CMO37 HL2402A 5409B CMO38 LDH240*320F08M 778539 LS2288A 6813-2.840 M30111A116 129841 M30111A059 932542 MFC-S07024 V02 834743 MT321TLLKJ-13 排线接口不同 9320B-2.844 SX-2.4CPT-9325 9325B45 SAT28009A5 9325C-2.846 STA28008A18 9331-2.847 XJ2402-V01 834748 XD028-V01 9325-2.849 XSY LL240-003-081024 R61505（2.4)50 ZCT-24FPC-S1 778551 ZCT-24FPC-S2 9325xp024cp25-36v0 9325hw240320f-0j-0c-10 9325m403a545 1298hw240400f-3a 5420ygg000240ns04-03 9325zc24t04m 9320kfm281e01 9320truly-c tft8k1081fpc-a1-e 9320cf024lgg31-36av1 9320huaruit-0033-a-fpc 9325huaruit-0012-b 9325af240B-36b 7787af-283e1-37av1.2 9320GIANTPLUS KFM281E01-1D 9320 GIANTPLUS KFM281E01-1B 9320CF024LGG31-36AV1 9320 GIANTPLUS KFM281101-1A 9320JLST24PV25-36A 9325ZC24T02 9325DST280CPT003 9325 2.8寸 13SX-2.8CPT-932502 9325 2.8寸 13BX280V003（B0XIANTICH） 9325 2.8寸 13NT4SGP3T28A 5408B 2.8寸 10NT4SGP3T28A AU9325 2.8寸 17NT4PC36728A-BL AU9325 2.8寸 17FPC-TGG000280NP04-07 9325 2.8寸 24LEB-DO428000028C1 9325 2.8寸 24CMS210-03 9325 2.8寸 12HW240320F-2D-0B-10 9325 2.8寸 12HW240320F-2D-0B-20 9325 触摸 13SAT28009A05 9325 2.8寸 13LS2288A 9325 2.8寸 13LS2289A 1505 2.8C寸 9LS2288A 9328 2.8寸 13FPC-FTP280P04N-00 9325 2.8C寸 13FPC-FTM280F0TN-00 61505 2.8寸 27FPC-FTPM280F09N-01、FTM240D17N-00 61505 2.8寸 27 FPC-FTM280F06W-00（FTM280F06N-00） 9331 2.8寸 32NTSAU3624A 5408B 2.4寸 10NT4SHY3624A 3225+HY 2.4寸 35024HAADD04 9325 2.4寸 13FPC-T240BQC 9325 2.4寸 13AF240E3-36D 9325 2.4寸 13（AL240E1-3S01） 9325 2.4寸SX-TGS240STCPYB00-00 7785 2.4寸 15（TGS240STCP-8V1，LDH240X320F008M）SX-2.4CPT-9325 9325 2.4寸 18（SX-TGS2.4CPT）FPC-FTS240D03-02 1298 2.4寸 6（FTP240D10N-02） 9325 2.4寸 13SX-TGS24C98-4：3-36B 1298 2.4寸 6FPC-BKS2401 1298 2.4寸 6SAT24009C05 9325 2.4寸 13SAT24009C05L 9325 2.4寸 13（18）KTM377A01-1A 1298 2.4寸 6SAT24009C05 9325 2.4寸 13TGG000240NS04-03 9325 2.4寸 18（13）（LCM-TGG000240NS04-03）FPC-TTHJ05E00XA 9325 2.4寸 27 (FECHTKONCPT24-9325)24008CIT-Q29 1505 2.4寸 37 1540003250（FMARK） 9325 2.4寸 26 T-0033-B（HUARUI） 9325 2.4寸 26T-0053-A 1297 2.4寸 30T-0033-B 68B（CPT） 2.4寸 26T-0012-B（T-0024-A） 9325 2.4寸 18 （T-0059-A）T-0028-A(HUARUI) 9325 2.8寸2X-GT009BL 7783 2.4寸 25JLST24IH81-36A 7781 2.4寸 25JST24TM25-36A 9328 2.4寸 13SX24C98-413-36B 1298 2.4寸 6(SX-TGS240SDCPET00-00)CF024LCD87-36AVO 7787 2.4寸 4AF240B-36B V1.0 7787 2.4寸 4凌达所有屏 9320 1T-0030 9320 2.4寸 1KT240FC-003B 9320 2.4寸 1FPC-FTS240W01 9320 2.4寸 1FPC1032 9320 2.4寸 124WIT36-FPC01 9320 2.4寸 1FPC-FTS240F01 1505 2.4寸PF240320F-2C-OA-30 8347 2.4寸FPC24T49-A1 9325 2.4寸FPC-TGG000280NP04-07 9325 2.8寸TSA24002C05 9325 2.4寸ST24TM25-36A V1.0 9325 2.4寸FPC-0047A2 9320 2.4寸排线丝印侧面丝印驱动ICAF240B-36B V1.0 :AL240EI-3501 7787AF-240B-2V4.1 : AL-240B-S1 7787AF283E1-37A V1.2 9320-2.8AF240E1-36C V1.0 7785AF240E1-36C V2.0 7785AF283P3-37A V1.0 9325-2.8FPC-FTS240F01 FTS240H03 1505FPC-FTS240D03 1298FPC-FTS240D14 1298FPC-FTP240CO9N FTS240B03 8347FPC-FTM280C05N 8347-2.8FPC-FTM280F01N FTM280F01N-00 9320-2.8 FPC-Y80032 V01 N0711-14-04 9325-2.8 FTP240D10N-01 0703 1298FTP240W17N-03 080807 9325BJLST24PV25-36A V1.0 9325T-0033-B 9325024-22V1 9320FPC_HL_2401 5408HL2801 5408-2.8MFC-S07024 V02 8347MFC-S07001 V04 932024WIT36-FPC01 9320MFC-M240702-A 9320XJ2402-V01 8347XD028-V01 9325-2.8ZCT-24FPC-S1 7785ZCT-24FPC-S2 9325LDH240*320F08M 77851540001660 TS024HAADD04-00 5408B1540002660 9325C24008C05-V1 9325MT321TLLKJ-13 排线接口不同 9320B-2.8SX-2.4CPT-9325 9325BCMS2101-3 9325CMS2101-03A 080815 080918-2801A背光片 540834 M30111A116 1298HW240320F-oj-oc-10 9325FPC24T49-A1 9325ZCT-24FPC-S2 9325NOAIS NT4SAU3624A V01 5408CMS057-2 @ HX(8347)T028 0741Z HL240HYF 0803 7787Hantech HR24F11#02 7787JYD-G5060 GWIL36S03240A-A恻边号GXBL240-019LL240-003 08031141 9325FPC-Y80030 V01 恻边号yxd02436l09 je-c068(b) 9320FPC-Y80030 V01 9320M30111A055 8347M403A107 8347DM2432003-001 这个是2.8的，37线，驱动9320FPC24T49-A1 2.4 9325AF240E1-36B V2.0 7785FPC-Q90044-1 2.8 9325QD -24034Bo-1 2.4 9325NOAIS NT4SAU36 24A V01JLST24CP25-36A 2.4 9325板号：MP-763C-SL V1.1 2005.12.16上位屏CM50011ACT6-01AL 2006/03/06 20针1.5寸元件排列：由上到下整齐一行：C11-C7-C5-C12-R1-R2-C1-C6-C2-C3-C21-C22-C23-C31-C4-C0-D1可代换下位屏：CD50006ACT6-27PIN 2005/10/24 27针元件排列：由上到下整齐一行：RL-CVLCD-CVB0A-CVB1A(这是个利用同尺寸不同针数进行的代换)板号：SD008-V2 2006-07-25-MDLU （ROCKCHIPS 2606A）原屏：CMT027 V1.0 2006-08-09 29针可用屏：FPC-S95012-1 V01 SZSUCCESS 06.01 29针板号：JR040_MAIN_V3.1 2007.04.17 (2608a JXD858)原屏：TFT-2.4-S3D 36PIN IL9320可用屏：DZX2.4-S2 V06 (2608A JXD859)资源：GAUO GASP29P03200-002-A-FPC SA VER 1.3(即屏侧边的标记)板号：SG243 V2 0703140941P2原屏：GIANTPLUS KFM281E01-1D可用：CF024LGG31-36AV1(36P,2.4')可用：GIANTPLUS KFM281E01-1B可用：TRULY-C TFT8K1081FPC-A1-E适用机型：纽曼K8 (2.0版)-ANYKA-AK3225。

Topology

GIS理论与实践专题一拓扑关系目的●理解拓扑关系对于数据处理和空间分析的意义●了解拓扑分析的应用●掌握创建拓扑关系的具体操作流程（两种方法）内容●掌握拓扑创建、拓扑错误检测、拓扑错误修改、拓扑编辑等基本操作一、拓扑简介拓扑表达的是地理对象之间的相邻、包含、关联等空间关系。

创建拓扑关系可以更真实地表示地理要素，更完美的表达现实世界的地理现象。

拓扑关系能清楚地反映实体之间的逻辑结构关系，它比几何数据有更大的稳定性，不随地图投影的变化而变化。

创建拓扑的优势在于：根据拓扑关系，不需要利用坐标或距离，就可以确定一种空间实体相对于另一种空间实体的位置关系。

利用拓扑关系便于空间要素查询。

例如某条铁路通过哪些地区，某县与哪些县相邻等。

可以根据拓扑关系重建地理实体。

例如根据弧段构建多边形、最佳路径的选择等。

二、操作步骤（一）利用Personal Geodatabase创建拓扑关系在Topology数据集中导入两个Shapefile，建立该要素数据集的拓扑关系，进行拓扑检验，修改拓扑错误，并进行拓扑编辑。

Topic中的Blocks.shp、Parcels.shp，分别为某地区的总体规划和细节规划的地块矢量数据。

操作流程如下所示：(1) 创建Geodatabase1）在ArcCatalog中建立新的Personal Geodatabase，命名为NewGeodatabase，并为其创建新的要素数据集，命名为Topology。

2）为数据集设置坐标系统，将Blocks.shp或Parcels.shp的坐标系统Import给该数据集。

其他参数采用默认。

(2) 向数据集中导入数据1）在ArcCatalog中，将Topic文件夹下的Blocks.shp和Parcels.shp导入到刚建立的数据集中。

(3) 在要素中建立子类型在创建地块的拓扑关系之前，需把要素分为居民区和非居民区两个子类型，即把两个要素类的Res属性字段分为Residential和Non-Residential两个属性代码值域，分别代表居民区和非居民区两个子类型。

应用SSR_分子标记分析烟台地区黄瓜种质资源遗传多样性

中国瓜菜收稿日期：2023-04-23；修回日期：2023-08-15基金项目：国家重点研发计划项目子课题（2018YFD1000805-03）；中国农业大学烟台研究院政策引导性项目（Z202206）；中国农业大学本科生URP 项目（U2022067）作者简介：满孝源，男，在读本科生，研究方向为设施农业科学与工程。

E-mail ：*****************通信作者：陈晓峰，男，副教授，研究方向为作物遗传育种。

E-mail ：*****************黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.，2n =14）是葫芦科黄瓜属一年生蔓生植物，是一种世界性蔬菜，又名王瓜、胡瓜、青瓜，在果菜类蔬菜中具有很高的地位[1]。

我国是黄瓜生产大国，其栽培面积占世界黄瓜栽培总面积的一半以上，产量和规模均居世界第一位。

山东黄瓜地方品种由于栽培历史较久和引入途径不同，加之山东省不同地区气候差异较大，在长期自然和人工定向选择下，形成类型多、品种资源丰富的特点[2-3]。

以白黄瓜和地黄瓜为代表的烟台地方黄瓜，因其具有品质优良、营养丰富、口感鲜脆等特点，市场地位不断提高[4-5]。

随着市场需求扩大，黄瓜栽培及其选育品种逐渐增多，原优良品种在选育过程中纯度逐渐降低，在生产中重名现象普遍，烟台地区种质资源研究相对落后，导致优质种质流失严重[6]。

21世纪以来，分子生物学得到了突飞猛进的发展，越来越多的分子标记技术相继出现，并逐渐广泛应用于作物遗传育种、植物亲缘关系鉴别、基因库构建等各个领域，例如RFLP 、ISSR 、RAPD 、AFLP 、SSR 等[7-10]。

SSR （Simple Sequence Repeat ）称应用SSR 分子标记分析烟台地区黄瓜种质资源遗传多样性满孝源，王湘懿，张凯歌，胡凌，陈晓峰（中国农业大学烟台研究院山东烟台264670）摘要：以22份黄瓜为材料，利用SSR 分子标记技术进行遗传分析，构建22份黄瓜种质的指纹图谱和分子身份证。

Silicon Labs CP210x USB-to-UART Bridge 产品更换指南说明书

AN976: CP2101/2/3/4/9 to CP2102N Porting GuideThe CP2102N USB-to-UART bridge device has been designed tobe a replacement and upgrade for existing single-interface CP210x USB-to-UART devices.For some devices, such as the CP2102 and CP2104, the CP2102N is virtually a drop-in replacement. Apart from the addition of two resistors, no other hardware or software changes are required to use the CP2102N in existing designs. For other devices, slight package or feature differences may require minor changes to hardware or host soft-ware.This application note describes in detail the steps required to integrate a CP2102N de-vice into a design in place of a previous CP210x device. Devices covered by this appli-cation note are: CP2101, CP2102/9, CP2103, and CP2104. Multiple-interface devices, such as the CP2105 and CP2108, are not discussed.KEY POINTS •The CP2102N maintains a high degree of pin and feature compatibility with most existing CP210x devices.•Designs will require minimal hardware or software changes when migrating to theCP2102N.•The CP2102N provides a migration path for:•CP2101•CP2102/9•CP2103•CP21041. Device Comparison1.1 Feature CompatibilityA full feature comparison table for all CP210x devices, including the CP2102N, is given below. In general, the CP2102N meets or ex-ceeds the feature set of all previous CP210x devices.Table 1.1. CP210x Family FeaturesNote: The CP2102N cannot directly generate Line Break Conditions. The use of this feature is generally considered uncommon, al-though it was previously supported on CP2102/9 devices. A Line Break Condition occurs when the receiver input is held to logic low (i.e. zero) for some period of time, generally for more than one character time. This condition is seen by the receiver as a character with all zero bits with a framing error. A user can potentially emulate this on a CP2102N, however, by changing the baud rate to be slower than expected, then transmitting a null character. The CP2102N does have the capability to receive Line Breaks.1.2 Pin CompatibilityWith the exception of its VBUS pin, which must be connected to a voltage divider for proper operation, the CP2102N is largely pin-compatible with most CP210x devices. Below is a table of variants of the CP2102N that can be used to replace previous CP210x devi-ces.Table 1.2. CP2102N Replacements for CP210x DevicesAs the CP2102N datasheet notes, there are two relevant restrictions on the VBUS pin voltage in self-powered and bus-powered config-urations. The first is the absolute maximum voltage allowed on the VBUS pin, which is defined as VIO + 2.5 V in Absolute Maximum Ratings table. The second is the input high voltage (VIH) that is applied to VBUS when the device is connected to a bus, which is de-fined as VIO – 0.6 V in the table of GPIO specifications.A resistor divider (or functionally-equivalent circuit) on VBUS, as shown in Figure 1.1 Bus-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins on page 3and Figure 1.2 Self-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins on page 4for bus- and self-powered operation, re-spectively, is required to meet these specifications and ensure reliable device operation. In this case, the current limitation of the resis-tor divider prevents high VBUS pin leakage current, even though the VIO + 2.5 V specification is not strictly met while the device is not powered.Figure 1.1. Bus-Powered Connection Diagram for USB PinsFigure 1.2. Self-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins1.3 Configuration CompatibilityWhile the CP2102N supports the same configuration parameters as the CP210x, the means of programming these into the device are different. Of particular note is the fact that the configuration data structure for the CP2102N has an entirely different format than that used for the CP210x. In short, it is not possible to write the configuration data for a legacy CP210x device to the CP2102N and vice versa.Furthermore, if the CP210x manufacturing DLL is incorporated into custom software as part of a production or test flow, the API calls used to read and write the individual parameters on a CP210x device cannot be used with the CP2102N. Thus, calls to any of the functions listed in Table 1.3 CP210x Configuration APIs on page 5and documented in AN721: USBXpress™ Device Configuration and Programming Guide must be replaced wholesale with calls to the new CP210x_GetConfig and CP210x_SetConfig functions that are specific to the CP2102N.Table 1.3. CP210x Configuration APIs2. Device MigrationThe following sections describe the migration considerations when transitioning from an existing CP210x device to a CP2102N device.2.1 CP2101 to CP2102NHardware CompatibilityThe CP2102N-A02-GQFN28 is pin compatible with the CP2101 with the addition of the voltage divider circuit shown in Figure 1.1 Bus-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins on page 3 and Figure 1.2 Self-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins on page 4.The CP2102N does, however, have extra functionality on pins 13 through 22. A new design may want to take advantage of these extra pins, but they can be safely left unconnected.Software CompatibilityThe CP2102N is fully feature compatible with the CP2101. No software changes will be required when transitioning a CP2101 design to the CP2012N.The CP2102N does have several common features that the CP2101 lacks. For example, the CP2101 only allows for 8 data bits per frame, where the CP2102N has the ability for 5, 6, 7, or 8 data bits. If desired, the CP2102N can be customized to disable these addi-tional features.2.2 CP2102/9 to CP2102NHardware CompatibilityThe CP2102N-A02-GQFN28 is pin compatible with the CP2102/9 with the addition of the voltage divider circuit shown in Figure 1.1 Bus-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins on page 3and Figure 1.2 Self-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins on page 4.The CP2102N does, however, have extra functionality on pins 13 through 22. A new design may want to take advantage of these extra pins, but they can be safely left unconnected.The CP2109 has an additional hardware requirement that the VPP pin (pin 18) should be connected to a capacitor to ground for in-system programming. This capacitor is not required on the CP2102N and can be safely omitted.Software CompatibilityThe CP2102N is feature compatible with the CP2102/9, with two exceptions:•Baud Rate Aliasing•Line Breaks / Break ConditionsBaud Rate Aliasing is a feature that allows a device to use a pre-defined baud rate in place of a baud rate that is requested by the user. For example, a device using Baud Rate Aliasing can be programmed to use a baud rate of 45 bps whenever 300 bps is requested. Baud Rate Aliasing is not supported on the CP2102N.If Baud Rate Aliasing is used in a CP2102/9 design, the CP2102N is incompatible as a replacement.Line Breaks (also called a Break Condition) occur when the transmission line to logic low for more than one character time. The CP2102/9 devices have the ability to transmit a Line Break or Break Condition by directly setting the device's break state property. This forces the transmission line to logic low until the break state property is cleared. This feature is not directly supported on the CP2102N. However, a break condition can be emulated by temporarily lowering the baud rate, then transmitting a null character. The duration of this emulated break condition can be controlled by adjusting the baud rate, but it cannot exceed 27ms (8 bits at the lowest available baud rate, 300bps).If Break Conditions are used in a CP2102/9 design, care must be taken to assure that the CP2102N can emulate these conditions cor-rectly.2.3 CP2103 to CP2102NHardware CompatibilityThe CP2102N does not have a pin-compatible variant that can replace the CP2103. The CP2103 QFN28 package has an additional VIO pin at pin 5 which shifts the function of previous pins on the package clock-wise around the package by one pin compared to the CP2102N QFN28 package. This affects pins 1-4 and 22-28. All other pins remain in the same configuration.If a separate VIO rail is required for a design, the smaller CP2102N QFN24 variant can be used. This variant has an identical function-ality set as the CP2103, but in the smaller QFN24 package.Beside this difference in pin-outs, no other hardware changes are required to migrate from the CP2103 to the CP2102N.Software CompatibilityThe CP2102N is fully feature compatible with the CP2103 with one exception: Baud Rate Aliasing.Baud Rate Aliasing is a feature that allows a device to use a pre-defined baud rate in place of a baud rate that is requested by the user. For example, a device using Baud Rate Aliasing can be programmed to use a baud rate of 45 bps whenever 300 bps is requested. Baud Rate Aliasing is not supported on the CP2102N.If Baud Rate Aliasing is used in a CP2103 design, the CP2102N is incompatible as a replacement.2.4 CP2104 to CP2102NHardware CompatibilityThe CP2102N-A02-GQFN24 is pin compatible with the CP2104 with the addition of the voltage divider circuit shown in Figure 1.1 Bus-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins on page 3 and Figure 1.2 Self-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pins on page 4. No other hardware changes are required when transitioning a CP2104 design to the CP2102N. The CP2104 does require a capacitor be-tween VPP (pin 16) and ground for in-system programming, but this pin is not connected on the CP2102N. Whether or not this capaci-tor is attached to this pin will have no effect on the CP2102N.Software CompatibilityThe CP2102N is fully feature compatible with the CP2104. No software changes will be required when transitioning a CP2104 design to the CP2012N.Revision History 3. Revision HistoryRevision 1.3Mar, 2022•Added X to CP2104 Line Break Transmission in Table 1.1 CP210x Family Features on page 2.•Updated CP2102-A01-GQFN28 with CP2102-A02-GQFN28 in Table 1.2 CP2102N Replacements for CP210x Device on page 3 and Chapter 2. Device Migration.•Updated Figure 1.1 Bus-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pin on page 3 and Figure 1.2 Self-Powered Connection Diagram for USB Pin on page 4 to reflect new SP0503BAHTG protection device RoHS-compliant part number.•Corrected typo in Configuration Compatibility section names.Silicon Laboratories Inc.400 West Cesar Chavez Austin, TX 78701USAIoT Portfolio/IoTSW/HW/simplicityQuality /qualitySupport & Community/communityDisclaimerSilicon Labs intends to provide customers with the latest, accurate, and in-depth documentation of all peripherals and modules available for system and software imple-menters using or intending to use the Silicon Labs products. Characterization data, available modules and peripherals, memory sizes and memory addresses refer to each specific device, and “Typical” parameters provided can and do vary in different applications. Application examples described herein are for illustrative purposes only. Silicon Labs reserves the right to make changes without further notice to the product information, specifications, and descriptions herein, and does not give warranties as to the accuracy or completeness of the included information. Without prior notification, Silicon Labs may update product firmware during the manufacturing process for security or reliability reasons. Such changes will not alter the specifications or the performance of the product. Silicon Labs shall have no liability for the consequences of use of the infor -mation supplied in this document. This document does not imply or expressly grant any license to design or fabricate any integrated circuits. The products are not designed or authorized to be used within any FDA Class III devices, applications for which FDA premarket approval is required or Life Support Systems without the specific written consent of Silicon Labs. A “Life Support System” is any product or system intended to support or sustain life and/or health, which, if it fails, can be reasonably expected to result in significant personal injury or death. Silicon Labs products are not designed or authorized for military applications. Silicon Labs products shall under no circumstances be used in weapons of mass destruction including (but not limited to) nuclear, biological or chemical weapons, or missiles capable of delivering such weapons. Silicon Labs disclaims all express and implied warranties and shall not be responsible or liable for any injuries or damages related to use of a Silicon Labs product in such unauthorized applications. Note: This content may contain offensive terminology that is now obsolete. Silicon Labs is replacing these terms with inclusive language wherever possible. For more information, visit /about-us/inclusive-lexicon-projectTrademark InformationSilicon Laboratories Inc.®, Silicon Laboratories ®, Silicon Labs ®, SiLabs ® and the Silicon Labs logo ®, Bluegiga ®, Bluegiga Logo ®, EFM ®, EFM32®, EFR, Ember ®, Energy Micro, Energy Micro logo and combinations thereof, “the world’s most energy friendly microcontrollers”, Redpine Signals ®, WiSeConnect , n-Link, ThreadArch ®, EZLink ®, EZRadio ®, EZRadioPRO ®, Gecko ®, Gecko OS, Gecko OS Studio, Precision32®, Simplicity Studio ®, Telegesis, the Telegesis Logo ®, USBXpress ® , Zentri, the Zentri logo and Zentri DMS, Z-Wave ®, and others are trademarks or registered trademarks of Silicon Labs. ARM, CORTEX, Cortex-M3 and THUMB are trademarks or registered trademarks of ARM Holdings. Keil is a registered trademark of ARM Limited. Wi-Fi is a registered trademark of the Wi-Fi Alliance. All other products or brand names mentioned herein are trademarks of their respective holders.。

Regina软件：三维流形拓扑学软件说明书

Introducing Regina,the3-manifold topology softwareBenjamin A.BurtonAuthor’s self-archived versionAvailable from .au/~bab/papers/AbstractAn overview is presented of Regina,a freely available software package for3-manifold topologists.In addition to working with3-manifold triangulations,Regina includes support for normal surfaces and angle structures.The features of the software are described in detail, followed by examples of research projects in which Regina has been used.1IntroductionExperimental work in the study of3-manifold topology has been a historically challenging task.Topological calculations for even simple3-manifold triangulations are often remarkably diﬃcult to perform by hand.Furthermore,triangulations and3-manifolds are diﬃcult to represent and manipulate using standard programming languages.Because of this,relatively little software has been available until recently to assist with these calculations.One prominent exception is SnapPea[Weeks91],under development for over a decade, which provides excellent support for the study of hyperbolic3-manifolds.More recently a number of other tools have become available,many of which are listed at the computational topology website /.Regina is a software package that unites a number of standard3-manifold topology algo-rithms and procedures within a friendly user interface,as well as adding previously unavailable features to the current body of experimental tools.Under development since1999,its growth has to a large extent been guided by its use in a variety of research projects,some of which are noted in Section3.Algorithms that are implemented include triangulation simpliﬁcation, normal surface enumeration,angle structure analysis and the calculation of algebraic and combinatorial invariants.This software is released under the GNU General Public License and is publicly avail-able from /.Both the user interface and the underlying programmer’s interface are thoroughly documented.Regina continues to grow and currently enjoys a new release every few months.Special thanks must go to David Letscher who assisted with the early phases of development.Thanks also to Marc Culler,Nathan Dunﬁeld,William Jaco,Richard Rannard,J.Hyam Rubinstein and JeﬀWeeks for many fruitful discussions.In Section2we present a detailed description of the capabilities of Regina.Section3closes with some examples of research projects that have made use of this software.2FeaturesSince its inception,Regina has been carefully designed for rigour and extensibility.The soft-ware is written primarily in the C++programming language and runs under GNU/Linux and related operating systems.A list of the more noteworthy features of Regina is presented below.2.1TriangulationsThe primary objects with which a user interacts when running Regina are3-manifold tri-angulations.As such,a large part of the software is devoted to the creation,analysis and1manipulation of triangulations.2.1.1CreationThe following methods are supported for creating triangulations.•Manual construction of triangulations by entering individual tetrahedron face identiﬁca-tions by hand;•Automatic generation of standard triangulations such as layered solid tori and layered lens spaces[Jaco and Rubinstein03a,Jaco and Rubinstein06];•Automatic construction of Seifertﬁbred spaces over the2-sphere with up to three ex-ceptionalﬁbres;•Reconstruction of triangulations from dehydration strings[Callahan et al.99];•Importing triangulations saved from SnapPea[Weeks91].2.1.2AnalysisProperties of a triangulation that the software can compute include the following.•Detailed combinatorial information about the skeleton and boundary components,in-cluding vertex links and the shapes formed by the various triangulation faces;•A variety of homology and homotopy groups;•The quantum invariants of Turaev and Viro[Turaev and Viro92];•3-sphere recognition,as well as a complete connected sum decomposition for closed ori-entable triangulations[Jaco and Rubinstein03a];•Triangulation attributes relating to the existence of particular types of normal surface, such as0-eﬃciency[Jaco and Rubinstein03a]and the existence of splitting surfaces(de-scribed in Section2.3.3).Pairs of triangulations can be tested for direct isomorphism,or for whether one trian-gulation is isomorphic to a subcomplex of another.In addition the software contains a variety of recognition routines for detecting particular well-formed structures within a tri-angulation.These routines recognise smaller building blocks that often appear within larger triangulations,such as layered solid tori[Jaco and Rubinstein03a,Jaco and Rubinstein06] and thin I-bundles[Burton07].Furthermore,they can detect complete triangulations be-longing to a number of inﬁnite families described in[Burton03],[Martelli and Petronio01] and[Matveev98].As a result Regina can frequently recognise the underlying3-manifolds for well-structured triangulations that it has not previously encountered.2.1.3ManipulationFor the manipulation of a triangulation,the following procedures are available.•Elementary moves(transformations local to a small number of tetrahedra),such as Pach-ner moves and other transformations described in[Burton07],many of which were sug-gested by Letscher;•Automated simpliﬁcation in which the software attempts to use a combination of these elementary moves to reduce the number of tetrahedra as far as possible,though there is no guarantee that the smallest possible number of tetrahedra will be achieved;•Conversion to a0-eﬃcient triangulation where possible for closed orientable3-manifolds [Jaco and Rubinstein03a];•Barycentric subdivision and the truncation of ideal vertices(vertices whose links are neither2-spheres nor discs);•Conversion of a non-orientable triangulation to an orientable double cover;•Crushing normal surfaces within a triangulation to a point,as described in Section2.3.2.22.2Census CreationRegina can form censuses of all3-manifold triangulations satisfying various sets of constraints.The census algorithm is described in[Burton07]and contains signiﬁcant optimisations forcensuses of closed minimal P2-irreducible triangulations.In particular the face pairing graphresults of[Burton04]are incorporated into the algorithm,as are the more standard resultsrelating to low degree edges[Burton04,Callahan et al.99,Matveev98].Census creation can require signiﬁcant amounts of computing time(months or years in some cases).As a result,support is provided for splitting this process into pieces and distributingthese pieces amongst several machines.In addition to forming new censuses,Regina ships with a number of prepackaged cen-suses including closed3-manifolds[Burton03,Burton07],cusped hyperbolic3-manifolds[Callahan et al.99]and knot and link complements(tabulated by Joe Christy).A censuslookup facility for arbitrary triangulations is provided.2.3Normal SurfacesThe theory of normal surfaces is a powerful tool for the study of3-manifolds and for thedevelopment of algorithms for their analysis.Normal surfaces were introduced by Kneser[Kneser29]and further developed by Haken[Haken61,Haken62]who used them to constructan algorithm for recognising the unknot.Haken furthermore began the construction of analgorithm for solving the homeomorphism problem for a certain large class of3-manifolds.Diﬃculties with the methods of Haken were resolved by Jaco and Oertel and by Hemion[Jaco and Oertel84,Hemion92],leading to aﬁnite time algorithm for determining whethertwo closed irreducible3-manifolds are homeomorphic in the case in which one of these3-manifolds contains an embedded two-sided incompressible surface.Normal surfaces feature in a number of3-manifold decomposition,homeomorphism and recognition algorithms[Jaco et al.02,Jaco and Tollefson95,Rubinstein95,Rubinstein97]as well as in algorithms for the simpliﬁcation of3-manifold triangulations[Jaco and Rubin-stein03a,Jaco and Rubinstein03b].For a more extensive review of normal surface theory,the reader is referred to[Hemion92].2.3.1CreationProviding a computational tool for the study of normal surfaces was in fact the originalmotivation behind this software.As such,Regina is capable of enumerating all vertex normalsurfaces or almost normal surfaces1within a triangulation,an operation required by mosthigh-level topological algorithms that utilise normal surface theory.Regina can perform this vertex enumeration in a variety of coordinate systems.For an n-tetrahedron triangulation this includes the7n standard triangle and quadrilateral coordi-nates,as well as the smaller set of3n quadrilateral-only coordinates introduced by Tollefsonfor algorithmic eﬃciency[Tollefson98].The enumeration can be restricted to embedded nor-mal surfaces or can be expanded to include immersed and singular surfaces.Furthermore,elementary support is present for spun normal surfaces,which are non-compact surfaces withinﬁnitely many discs found in ideal triangulations[Tillmann02].2.3.2AnalysisFor the analysis of normal surfaces,Regina oﬀers the following facilities.•Viewing normal surfaces in a variety of coordinate systems,including the standard andquadrilateral-only coordinates discussed above as well as the edge weight coordinatesintroduced by Casson;•Calculating basic properties of normal surfaces such as Euler characteristic,orientabilityand one-sidedness;•Recognising standard surfaces within a triangulation such as splitting surfaces(see Sec-tion2.3.3below)and vertex and edge links;1Almost normal surfaces are closely related to normal surfaces and are used by Rubinstein in his3-sphere recognition algorithm[Rubinstein95,Rubinstein97].3•Filtering large lists of normal surfaces by various properties such as Euler characteristic, orientability and boundary.In addition the program can crush a normal surface to a point within a triangulation. Crushing is a powerful tool for the analysis of the role played by a surface within a3-manifold, and is used in Jaco and Rubinstein’s0-eﬃciency algorithm[Jaco and Rubinstein03a].2.3.3Splitting SurfacesSplitting surfaces represent a particular class of normal surfaces whose presence can oﬀer insight into the triangulations containing them.A splitting surface contains precisely one quadrilateral disc within each tetrahedron and no other normal or almost normal discs.These surfaces have a number of interesting combinatorial and topological properties,described in detail in[Burton03].As mentioned earlier,Regina can detect whether splitting surfaces occur within a triangu-lation.It also provides support for splitting surface signatures,which are compact text-based representations from which splitting surfaces and their enclosing3-manifold triangulations can be reconstructed.In addition to performing such reconstructions,the software can form censuses of all possible splitting surface signatures of a given size.2.4Angle StructuresAngle structures,studied originally by Casson and then developed by Lackenby and Rivin [Lackenby00a,Lackenby00b,Rivin94,Rivin03],represent a purely algebraic generalisation of hyperbolic structures.An angle structure on an ideal triangulation is formed by assigning an interior dihedral angle to each edge of every tetrahedron in such a way that a variety of linear equations and inequalities are satisﬁed.The formation of angle structures is remarkably similar to the formation of normal surfaces, in which a series of triangle and quadrilateral coordinates are assigned to every tetrahedron with a set of linear equations and inequalities similarly imposed upon them.Thus it has been relatively straightforward to extend the normal surface enumeration code used by Regina in such a way that the software can also enumerate vertex angle structures.Included in the requirements of an angle structure is the condition that each dihedral angle θsatisﬁes0≤θ≤π.In addition to the enumeration of vertex angle structures,Regina can identify whether a triangulation supports any strict angle structures(for which each dihedral angleθsatisﬁes0<θ<π)or any taut angle structures(for which each dihedral angle is precisely0orπ).2.5ScriptingRegina oﬀers the ability to write and run arbitrary scripts in the Python scripting language. These scripts are essentially high-level programs with immediate access to the mathematical core of Regina,and are ideal for performing repetitive tasks over large sets of data.Such tasks might include performing a sequence of tests upon all triangulations in a census,or testing a prototype for a new algorithm.Regina dataﬁles can contain embedded scripts,and diﬀerent ﬁles can share code through the use of external libraries of routines.2.6Interfaces and DocumentationThe usual method of running Regina provides a full graphical interface that a user can easily understand and use.Alternatively,for those requiring immediate access to the mathematical core of the software,an interactive command-line interface is oﬀered from which users can con-trol the program using the Python scripting language described above.A variety of specialised utility programs are also available.Signiﬁcant eﬀort has been spent on documentation for the software.A full reference manual is available for end users to assist them in working with Regina.This reference manual can be read online at /docs/.For users writing Python scripts or for programmers seeking to modify or extend the software,the routines oﬀered by the underlying mathematical core are also fully documented.42.7Data FilesThe dataﬁles used for saving triangulations and other information adhere to a well-organised hierarchical structure.This structure not only allows multiple triangulations,normal surface lists and other topological structures to be stored together in an organised fashion but it also supports the storing of miscellaneous data such as text notes and Python scripts.Theﬁle format is well documented in the reference manual and uses compressed XML2,allowing for the simple transfer of native Regina data to and from other programs.3ApplicationsWe close with some examples of research projects in which Regina has been used with success.•In[Burton07]a census is presented of all closed non-orientable minimal P2-irreducible triangulations formed from≤putational support from Regina was required not only for the formation of the census but also for the detailed combinatorial analysis of the resulting triangulations.A similar census of orientable triangulations appears in[Burton03],again relying upon Regina for much computational support.•Various constraints upon the structures of minimal triangulations are proven in[Bur-ton04].For this research Regina was used to obtain and process data that originally motivated the results,as well as to measure the subsequent improvements to the census algorithm.•Research into the existence of taut angle structures on ideal triangulations is described in[Burton et al.03].Here Regina was used to process large bodies of census data to locate and subsequently analyse triangulations that do not support taut structures.•For the studies of0-eﬃciency and1-eﬃciency described in[Jaco and Rubinstein03a] and[Jaco and Rubinstein03b],Regina has assisted with the construction and analysis of pathological triangulations.AcknowledgementsThe author would like to acknowledge the support of the American Institute of Mathematics, the Australian Research Council and the Grayce B.Kerr Chair at Oklahoma State University. References[Burton03]Benjamin A.Burton.Minimal Triangulations and Normal Surfaces.PhD thesis, University of Melbourne,2003.Available from /.[Burton04]Benjamin A.Burton.“Face pairing graphs and3-manifold enumeration.”J.Knot Theory Ramiﬁcations,13(8):1057–1101,2004.[Burton07]Benjamin A.Burton.“Structures of small closed non-orientable3-manifold tri-angulations.”J.Knot Theory Ramiﬁcations,16(5):545–574,2007.[Burton et al.03]Benjamin A.Burton,Ensil Kang,and J.Hyam Rubinstein.“Triangulations of3-manifolds III:Taut structures in low-census manifolds.”In preparation,2003.[Callahan et al.99]Patrick J.Callahan,Martin V.Hildebrand,and Jeﬀrey R.Weeks.“A census of cusped hyperbolic3-manifolds.”p.,68(225):321–332,1999.[Haken61]Wolfgang Haken.“Theorie der Normalﬂ¨a chen.”Acta Math.,105:245–375,1961.[Haken62]Wolfgang Haken.“¨Uber das Hom¨o omorphieproblem der3-Mannigfaltigkeiten.I.”Math.Z.,80:89–120,1962.[Hemion92]Geoﬀrey Hemion.The Classiﬁcation of Knots and3-Dimensional Spaces.Oxford Science Publications.Oxford University Press,Oxford,1992.2XML is the Extensible Markup Language,an open and widely-supported text-based data format.5[Jaco et al.02]William Jaco,David Letscher,and J.Hyam Rubinstein.“Algorithms for es-sential surfaces in3-manifolds.”In Topology and Geometry:Commemorating SISTAG, number314in Contemporary Mathematics,pages107–124.Amer.Math.Soc.,Provi-dence,RI,2002.[Jaco and Oertel84]William Jaco and Ulrich Oertel.“An algorithm to decide if a3-manifold is a Haken manifold.”Topology,23(2):195–209,1984.[Jaco and Rubinstein03a]William Jaco and J.Hyam Rubinstein.“0-eﬃcient triangulations of3-manifolds.”J.Diﬀerential Geom.,65(1):61–168,2003.[Jaco and Rubinstein03b]William Jaco and J.Hyam Rubinstein.“1-eﬃcient triangulations of3-manifolds.”In preparation,2003.[Jaco and Rubinstein06]William Jaco and J.Hyam Rubinstein.“Layered-triangulations of 3-manifolds.”Preprint,arXiv:math/0603601,March2006.[Jaco and Tollefson95]William Jaco and Jeﬀrey L.Tollefson.“Algorithms for the complete decomposition of a closed3-manifold.”Illinois J.Math.,39(3):358–406,1995. [Kneser29]Hellmuth Kneser.“Geschlossene Fl¨a chen in dreidimensionalen Mannigfaltigkei-ten.”Jahresbericht der Deut.Math.Verein.,38:248–260,1929.[Lackenby00a]Marc Lackenby.“Taut ideal triangulations of3-manifolds.”Geom.Topol.,4: 369–395(electronic),2000.[Lackenby00b]Marc Lackenby.“Word hyperbolic Dehn surgery.”Invent.Math.,140(2): 243–282,2000.[Martelli and Petronio01]Bruno Martelli and Carlo Petronio.“Three-manifolds having com-plexity at most9.”Experiment.Math.,10(2):207–236,2001.[Matveev98]Sergei V.Matveev.“Tables of3-manifolds up to complexity 6.”Max-Planck-Institut f¨u r Mathematik Preprint Series,(67),1998.Available from http://www.mpim-bonn.mpg.de/html/preprints/preprints.html.[Rivin94]Igor Rivin.“Euclidean structures on simplicial surfaces and hyperbolic volume.”Ann.of Math.(2),139(3):553–580,1994.[Rivin03]Igor Rivin.“Combinatorial optimization in geometry.”Adv.in Appl.Math.,31(1): 242–271,2003.[Rubinstein95]J.Hyam Rubinstein.“An algorithm to recognize the3-sphere.”In Proceedings of the International Congress of Mathematicians(Z¨u rich,1994),volume1,pages601–611.Birkh¨a user,Basel,1995.[Rubinstein97]J.Hyam Rubinstein.“Polyhedral minimal surfaces,Heegaard splittings and decision problems for3-dimensional manifolds.”In Geometric Topology(Athens,GA, 1993),volume2of AMS/IP Stud.Adv.Math.,pages1–20.Amer.Math.Soc.,Providence, RI,1997.[Tillmann02]Stephan Tillmann.On character varieties:surfaces associated to mutation& deformation of hyperbolic3-manifolds.PhD thesis,University of Melbourne,2002. [Tollefson98]Jeﬀrey L.Tollefson.“Normal surface Q-theory.”Paciﬁc J.Math.,183(2):359–374,1998.[Turaev and Viro92]Vladimir G.Turaev and Oleg Y.Viro.“State sum invariants of3-manifolds and quantum6j-symbols.”Topology,31(4):865–902,1992.[Weeks91]Jeﬀrey R.Weeks.SnapPea.Hyperbolic3-manifold software,1991–2000.Available from /weeks/index/SnapPea.html.Benjamin A.Burton,Department of Mathematics and Statistics,The University of Melbourne, 3010VIC,Australia(**************)6。

TG11_01_Intro中文

第1讲: 介绍
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Inventory #000000 1-1
Version 1.1
CFD 分析 • CFD: 借助计算机技术进行流动模拟
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TurboGrid 工作流程
TurboGrid 工作流程
Import Geometry Generate Topology Generate Mesh
Analyze Mesh
Improve Mesh
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Version 1.1
TurboGrid 工作界面 • 对象编辑器（Object Editor） – 在对象编辑器可以打开一个对象
• 在对象选择器里双击一个对象 • 右击一个对象然后使用快捷菜单
– 在命令编辑器里（ Command Editor ）也能够编辑对象
• 右击对象 • 在命令编辑器里选择编辑（Edit）
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关键点 • TurboGrid 是专为旋转机械设计的高度自动化的全六面体网格生成器 • 可应用模板: – 参数改变 – 网格灵敏度研究 • 快速网格生成: – 一分钟可以生成一百万节点网格 • Mesh statistics可以快速对照网格质量目标，并高亮显示不满足要求的网格区域

ANSYS-TurboGrid-练习1中文

Machine Data输入(如果需要)
• 万一BladeGen信息文件不可用，必须修改Machine Data
1. 默认的叶片组数目2必须改为正确的数目83
2. 默认的旋转主轴Z不必修改 3. 基本单位保持CM 4. 点击“Apply”
Version 1.1
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• Shroud Data File: Axial_Turbine_Rotor_shroud.curve
• Profile Data File: Axial_Turbine_Rotor_profile.curve
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2. 双击“Minimum Face Angle” 看到红色显示的此参数同一类型的分布
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网格限制
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 W1-9
曲线数据确认
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1. 检查详情:
Version 1.1
几何
拓扑
网格数据
分析和优化
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

利用mini-Tn10_转座子文库筛选鳗弧菌M3_表型发生变化的基因

第41卷第5期渔业科学进展Vol.41, No.5 2020年10月Oct., 2020* 国家重点研发计划(2018YFC0311300)、国家自然科学基金——山东省人民政府联合基金(U1706205)、中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费(20603022017008)和鳌山科技创新计划(2015ASKJ02)共同资助[This work wassupported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFC0311300), NFSC-Shandong Joint Fund (U1706205), Central Public-Interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, YSFRI, CAFS (20603022017008), and Aoshan Technology Innovation Program (2015ASKJ02)]. 李倩，E-mail:****************① 通讯作者：莫照兰，研究员，E-mail:*************.cn 收稿日期: 2019-04-26, 收修改稿日期: 2019-07-02DOI:10.19663/j.issn2095-9869.20190426001 /李倩, 李贵阳, 李杰, 莫照兰. 利用mini-Tn10转座子文库筛选鳗弧菌M3表型发生变化的基因. 渔业科学进展, 2020, 41(5): 160–167 Li Q, Li GY, Li J, Mo ZL. Construction of a mini-Tn10 transposon library to identify genes associated with several phenotypes of Vibrio aguillarum M3. Progress in Fishery Sciences, 2020, 41(5): 160–167利用mini-Tn10转座子文库筛选鳗弧菌M3表型发生变化的基因李倩1 李贵阳2 李杰2 莫照兰1,2①(1. 上海海洋大学水产与生命学院上海 201306；2. 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所农业农村部海水养殖病害防治重点实验室青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室青岛 266071)摘要为了寻找影响鳗弧菌(Vibrio anguillarum )表型变化的基因，本研究使用转座子mini-Tn10 (pLOF/Kana)构建了鳗弧菌M3突变株文库，筛选影响表型变化的菌株及相关基因，证明这些表型变化的突变子与毒力存在一定的相关性。

简化收费代码

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电解质
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CK CK-MB 心肌酶谱 99910 LDH HBD GOT 表面抗原表面抗体 E抗原乙肝六项 99911 E抗体核心抗体前S1抗原弓形体风疹病毒优生四项 99914 巨细胞病毒单纯疱疹病毒 TSH T3 甲功五项 99906 T4 FT4 FT3
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尿分析
99902
Pቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ APTT 凝血四项 99903 FIB TT GPT GOT 肝功四酶 99912 GGT ALP GPT GOT GGT ALP 肝功10项 99902 总蛋白白蛋白总胆红素间接胆红素直接胆红素 TC TG 血脂四项 99901 HDL LDL 尿素肌酐肾功四项 99904 尿酸二氧化碳结合力表面抗原表面抗体 E抗原 E抗体感染因子 99909 核心抗体前S1抗原丙肝抗体艾滋病抗体梅毒抗体
尿11项尿镜检粪常规粪隐血
14 3 4 9
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便常规
99908
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检验收费简化代码
血流变全血粘度血浆粘度 99915 血沉血球压积 17*3 17 9 1.5 21 21 17 21 9 6 9 9 9 6 9 9 4 5 11 9 9 7 9 9 9 11 13 9 11 14 14 14 14 14 13 21 51 51 78.5 类风湿因子抗O 风湿四项 99913 血沉 C-反应蛋白 K NA 99905 CL Ca 4 9 9 26 6 6 6 6 9 68 9 13 6 14 14 14 14 14 13 26 17 26 17 43 21 21 43 43

分子动力学top文件的组成

分子动力学top文件的组成分子动力学（Molecular Dynamics）是一种计算模拟方法，用于研究分子系统的运动行为和相互作用。

在分子动力学模拟中，主要使用的是一种名为“top”的文件，该文件包含了模拟所需的分子拓扑信息和参数设置。

本文将介绍分子动力学top文件的组成和各个部分的作用。

一、文件头部分子动力学top文件的开头通常包含一些注释和说明性的文字，用于解释该文件的用途和背景信息。

这部分内容对于其他人理解和使用该文件是非常重要的。

二、分子拓扑信息分子拓扑信息是分子动力学模拟的基础，它描述了模拟系统中各个分子的类型、相互连接方式和化学键信息等。

在top文件中，通常会列出每个分子的原子序号、原子类型和连接方式等详细信息。

这部分内容的正确性对于模拟结果的准确性至关重要。

三、力场参数力场是分子动力学模拟中用于描述分子间相互作用的数学模型。

不同的力场有不同的参数设置，这些参数会影响模拟结果的准确性和可靠性。

在top文件中，会列出力场参数的数值，如键长、键角、二面角和Lennard-Jones势能等。

这些参数是根据实验数据或理论计算得到的，用于模拟分子间的相互作用。

四、电荷信息在分子动力学模拟中，电荷是描述分子间相互作用的关键因素之一。

在top文件中，会给出每个原子的电荷数值。

这些电荷参数可以根据分子的结构和性质进行调整，以获得更准确的模拟结果。

五、其他参数设置除了上述的基本信息外，top文件还可能包含其他一些参数设置，如边界条件、温度和压力控制等。

这些参数会影响模拟过程中系统的行为和性质。

正确设置这些参数可以使模拟结果更符合实际情况。

六、文件结尾分子动力学top文件的结尾通常会有一些总结性的文字和注释，用于对整个文件内容进行概括和说明。

这部分内容可以帮助读者更好地理解和使用该文件。

分子动力学top文件是进行分子动力学模拟所必需的文件之一，它包含了模拟所需的分子拓扑信息和参数设置。

正确理解和使用top 文件对于获得准确的模拟结果非常重要。

菌株对峙及分子实验安排

菌株对峙及分子学实验安排吴垚斐：TJ1-TJ10陈洪权：TJ11-TJ20待定：TJ21-TJ25和TY1-TY5寿红颖：TG1-TG10徐一帆：TG11-TG16和TY6-TY9对峙实验：1.每人10株内生菌，将菌株活化（细菌放到37℃培养箱过夜，真菌放到28℃培养箱过夜）后，从试管中接出来，做革兰氏，拍照记录，染菌，要纯化，没染菌才可对峙实验。

（理论上菌株是纯的）对峙实验要求：指示菌用大肠、枯草和金葡，每个平板上菌饼3个，呈三角形放置，菌饼间留有一定距离，便于抑菌圈出现和测量；每个指示菌做2个平板的对峙（即1个内生菌对峙共6个平板）。

（大家用统一大小的打孔器）2.对峙实验做完，及时对对峙结果拍照记录（有无抑菌圈都要拍照），测量抑菌圈大小。

内生细菌的抑菌结果一般在1-2天，内生真菌的抑菌结果在1-3天。

3.对有抑菌活性的菌株再次斜面保藏和甘油菌保藏。

4.对峙实验过程中不会做的向会的小伙伴学习，不懂的也可以询问我或其他学长，实验中所有照片保存好。

（做完整个对峙实验后整理好发给我）5.每天做实验一定要做好实验记录。

（老师会查看的）分子鉴定实验：（不懂可以问我）1.对峙实验快结束时配制DNA提取相关试剂（参考发的实验课本），对峙结束后进行DNA的提取。

（在对峙结束时要保证平板上有这些菌株，以便对峙结束就可以提取DNA）2.对提取的DNA进行电泳检测。

3.电泳检测没提取出来的分析原因，继续提取或换方法提取。

4.对提出的DNA进行PCR扩增，扩增后电泳检测。

（细菌的通用引物为：16s27f/16s92r；真菌的通用引物为：EF3/NS1）5.做实验要做好实验记录。

注意：考虑到大家现在还有别的实验安排，请按照上面的实验要求，自行安排好实验进度，尽量把时间安排的合理有效。

（希望不用我的督促）菌株的话，明天我会发给大家。

大家务必保存好自己拿到的菌株。

菌丢失的话追究到个人。

大家认真做实验，这些记录和结果到时可以作为自己毕业论文的部分数据用。

海洋动物糖胺聚糖的研究进展

海洋动物糖胺聚糖的研究进展杨翠娜1, 2，白洪健1 ，金秋1（1. ××研究所，××重点实验室，××研发中心，广州510300；2. ××大学食品学院，上海201306）摘要：糖胺聚糖存在于大多数海洋动物的组织中，目前主要利用酶解法进行提取，已确定的糖胺聚糖一共有7种。

因为糖胺聚糖具有高生物活性和低毒副作用的特点，所以近年来国内外学者对海洋动物中糖胺聚糖的抗肿瘤、降血糖、增强免疫等活性研究逐渐增多，研究发现海洋动物糖胺聚糖可以抑制S180肿瘤细胞生长，促进T、B淋巴细胞增殖，增强NK细胞活性，清除O2-·、·OH、DPPH·自由基，降低血清总胆固醇(total cholesterol, TC)、低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein, LDL)和甘油三酯(triglyceride, TG)的含量，升高高密度脂蛋白(high density lipoprotein,HDL)水平，促进胆固醇代谢。

这些特性都将使海洋动物糖胺聚糖成为医学及保健品行业重点研究对象，使得一些海洋动物得以高值化利用，促进海洋经济发展。

本文主要对海洋动物中糖胺聚糖的研究现状、结构分类、提取方法、分离纯化、分析测定和生物活性进行了概述。

关键词：海洋动物；糖胺聚糖；结构分析；分离纯化；生物活性Research progress of glycosaminoglycans from marine animalsYANG Cui-Na1,2, BAI Hong-Jian1*, JIN Qiu1(1.××Research Institute, Guangzhou510300,China;2. College of Food Science and Technology, ××University, Shanghai 201306,China) ABSTRACT: Glycosaminoglycans were found in the tissue of most marine animals，which was extracted by enzymatic method.Seven kinds of glycosaminoglycans have been identified. In recent years, due to their high biological activities and low toxicity，experts worldwide were attracted bythe anti-tumor, lowering blood glucose, immuno-enhancement effects ofglycosaminoglycans from marine animals. Researches indicated that glycosaminoglycansof marine animal can inhibit the growth of S180 tumor cells, promote proliferation of T and B lymphocytes, enhance the activity of NK cells,scavengefree radicalof O2-·,·OH and DPPH·,reduce content of serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and triglyceride , increase the level of high density lipoprotein, promote the metabolism of cholesterol. These features of glycosaminoglycanshave attracted attention from medicine and health products industry.Marine animals can be utilized for high value, and promote the development of marine economy. This review summarized the research status and progress of glycosaminoglycans from marine animal, including structureclassification, extraction method, separation analysis, analytical determinationand physiological activities.KEYWORDS: marine animals,glycosaminoglycan, structureclassification, separation and purification, biological activities基金项目：广东省公益研究与能力建设专项（2014A020217009）、广东省海洋渔业科技与产业发展专项科技攻关与研发项目（2014A020217009）、中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（2014TS25）、农业部水产品加工重点实验室开放基金项目（NYBJG201408）Fund: Supported by the Guangdong province public welfare research and capacity building project(2014A020217009), Guangdong province marine fishery science and technology＆industrial development of special scientific and technological research＆development projects(2014A020217009),Special funds project of central level Public Interest Research Institute of basic scientific research business expenses (2014TS25) and Key Laboratory Open Fund Project of agricultural water product processing(NYBJG201408)*通讯作者: XX，博士，助理研究员，研究方向为天然产物生物活性研究。

遗传性持续性胎儿血红蛋白增高症(HPFH)的分子机制

遗传性持续性胎儿血红蛋白增高症(HPFH)的分子机制曾小红【摘要】遗传性持续性胎儿血红蛋白增高症(Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin,HPFH)是成人红细胞中持续存在过量的胎儿血红蛋白(Fetal hemoglobin,Hb F),血液学检查正常的遗传综合征.携带者常无临床症状.HPFH具有高度的遗传异质性,分子机制主要涉及11p15上β-类珠蛋白基因的遗传缺陷导致的Hb F异常高表达.最近的研究表明,HPFH具有数量性状遗传特点,其发生机制可能不局限于单纯的β-类珠蛋白基因上的遗传缺陷,HPFH还与多个基因座的异常有关,具有数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci,QTL)的遗传特征.主要包括QTL6q23和QTL2p15等的异常.通过HPFH来探索珠蛋白基因的网络化表达调控机制,为镰状细胞性贫血、重型地中海贫血等疾病的治疗研究开拓了新路径.【期刊名称】《中国产前诊断杂志（电子版）》【年(卷),期】2012(004)002【总页数】7页(P26-32)【关键词】HPFH;分子机制;β-类珠蛋白基因;QTL【作者】曾小红【作者单位】昆明医科大学附属昆华医院遗传诊断中心,云南昆明650032【正文语种】中文【中图分类】R394.3血红蛋白（Hemoglobin）是人体红细胞内的一种主要蛋白质，由珠蛋白和血红素结合而成，通过携氧释氧实现氧气在人体内的运输[1］。

血红蛋白是由两条α珠蛋白链（αξ）和两条非α珠蛋白链（βγδε等）组成的四聚体。

6种不同的珠蛋白肽链组合成人类的6种血红蛋白，按照其在人体内表达的先后顺序分别是：Hb Gower1（ξ2ε2）、Hb Gower2（α2ε2）、Hb Portland（ξ2γ2）、Hb F（α2γ2）、Hb A（α2β2）、Hb A2（α2δ2）；前3种为胚胎型血红蛋白，Hb F（Fetal hemoglobin，胎儿血红蛋白）为胎儿时期血红蛋白主要成分，出生后逐渐由Hb A取代，由于γ链有Gγ和Aγ两种亚型，所以Hb F也有两种构成：α2Gγ2和α2Aγ2。

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O-Grid在叶片上形成近乎正交的网格，从而生成极好的边界层网格方案
Distance Factor是定义O-Grid厚度的设置，它的值介于0到1之间. 此值和在指定翼展位置的平均叶片宽度相乘决定O-Grid厚度无论对于single导/尾缘还是对于cut-off导/ 尾缘，O-Grid均获得了成功使用
Inventory #000000 4-10
Version 1.1
拓扑方法: H/J/C/L- grid
当上游/下游端没有明确给定拓扑类型时将如下定义：

如果叶片角 > 60◦ 并且上下游端没被设定为1:1的周期性条件时，选用LGrid拓扑类型.

如果叶片角 > 45◦, 选用J-grid
周期性面的所有节点都通过1:1的方式和另一个周期性面连接.
• Between Blades & Upstream:
周期性面沿着叶片间的部分和沿着入口段部分按1:1方式连接，沿着出口段部分按GGI方式连接.
• Between Blades & Downstream:
周期性面沿着叶片间的部分和沿着出口段部分按1:1方式连接，沿着入口段部分按GGI方式连接.
Inventory #000000 4-3
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拓扑块
• 拓扑块有如下布局形式:
- 结构化布局, - 非结构化布局, - 结构化与非结构化混合布局.
• 具体选择什么方式要基于哪种方法可以最小化拓扑块结构的扭曲度,因为拓扑块的扭曲度直接影响着六面体网格的质量(不仅仅是因为网格光顺). • 拓扑块沿着每条边通常包含相同的单元数目.沿着拓扑块单元尺寸可以改变，通过单元尺寸的改变可以实现块与块之间的网格光顺过渡.

H/J/C/L Topology Definition > Override default parameters

使用C-Grid 将生成边分割控制点.
同时在导缘和尾缘上使用C-Grid将导致在全流道内成为O-Grid拓扑. 对于导/尾缘而言，H-Grid Dominant是另一种可应用的拓扑类型.
•
周期性
Projection : - Float on Curves - Float on Surface 叶尖拓扑: - H-grid - H-grid not matching - Automatic quad
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
•
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
• 默认情况下,拓扑块沿着每条边具有相同的单元数目,但网格尺寸可以不同，这是为了生成光顺过渡网格。
• 面网格在拓扑上可见。当拓扑调整时，实际的网格也会跟着调整，并且拓扑的改变也是可见的。精确的网格是层的一部分，不是拓扑。
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-6
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拓扑方法: H-grid

块的分布类似字符 “H”

适合于叶片角小于 45◦
块自动扩展（在导缘/尾缘附近）

O-grid 可选(值得要)
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-7
Version 1.1
拓扑方法: J-grid

块的分布类似字符 “J”

拓扑块被包裹在前缘和尾缘周围
块自动扩展 (在导缘/尾缘附近) O-grid可选(值得要)
适合于高度弯曲的叶片
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
H-Grid
J-Grid
H/J/C/L-Grid
H-Grid Dominant
Automatic
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-12
Version 1.1
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-8
Version 1.1
拓扑方法: H-grid Dominant
这种拓扑把一些块以结构化方式加在可选的O-Grid周围

把另一些块以非结构化方式加入来完成网格的生成

这些结构化的块从导缘向上游延伸，从尾缘向下游延伸，从叶片向周期性面延伸
否则, 选用H-grid. O-grid 可选 (值得要)

3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-11
Version 1.1
拓扑方法 • 通过预定义模板创建拓扑：
• •
包含 O-grid
- Distance factor (定义O网格厚度)
One-To-One 界面范围 Periodic - Full (1:1 for every periodic node)
- Between Blades and Upstream - Between Blades and Downstream - Between Blades - None (GGI for every periodic node)
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-18
• 为了拓扑能够可见，应该在对象选择器中打开可视化复选框，以确保至少一个拓扑可视化设置是打开的. • 拓扑可视化（ Topology Visibility ）设置控制着黄色线段的可视化，这些黄色线段描绘出拓扑块边轮廓. • 主拓扑可视化（ Master Topology Visibility）设置控制着紫色线段的可视化，这些紫色线段描绘出主拓扑块边轮廓. • ANSYS TurboGrid的一个关键特点是拓扑上的面网格可见。当你调整拓扑的时候，ANSYS TurboGrid会实时调整面网格，以便拓扑改变的实际效果能够可见。 • 为了在生成全部3D网格之前帮助你识别有问题的面网格所在区域，你能够在层上把网格统计（ mesh statistics ）可视化。
Inventory #000000 4-2
Version 1.1
拓扑
• 拓扑是一种用于布置网格单元分布的块结构。
• 拓扑块描绘出结构化排布的六面体网格截面。
• - 流道块: 从入口到出口，介于两周期面之间 - 叶片块: 从导缘到尾缘
• 拓扑关系从毂到罩不发生变化，在各个2D层内可以进行编辑调整，2D 层可以定位到不同的翼展位置.
拓扑
Import Geometry
Generate Topology Generate Mesh
Improve Mesh
在TurboGrid中如何创建和使用拓扑？
Analyze Mesh
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
With O-Grid
Inventory #000000 4-17
Version 1.1
One – To – One 界面区间
周期性设置控制着周期性面的一侧的哪部分和另一侧的相应部分通过1:1的节点匹配方式实现连接。 • Full:

当J-或 H-grids不适用时，可以考虑此方法

3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-9
Version 1.1
拓扑方法: Automatic
• Between Blades:
周期性面沿着叶片间的部分按1:1方式连接，沿着入口段和出口段部分按GGI方式连接.
• None:
整个周期性面使用GGI方式连接。通常，沿着一个面的节点和另一个面的节点没有对应关系。
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-15
Version 1.1
O-grid 拓扑

O-Grid是一种绕着整个叶片轮廓形成一个连续循环的拓扑

3/23/2007 © 2007 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.
TG11.0 ANSYS, Inc. Proprietary
Inventory #000000 4-14
Version 1.1
C-Grid拓扑方式
• 在导缘或尾缘的C-grid 拓扑 • 同时在导缘和尾缘的CGrid = 绕整个叶片生成OGrid