B6U3 A

Jean-François Millet (1814 –1875)
• French painter • one of the founders of the Barbizon school in rural France • noted for his scenes of peasant farmers • His last years were marked by financial success and increased official recognition
satire
• 1. What is the definition of “satire” in the Webster’s dictionary? • 2. What does this definition mean? • 3. What does Mark Twain satirize in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn? • 4. What issues of our time are being satirized?
• Many authors throughout American history have used satire to comment on the ills of society, but perhaps none is more famous than Mark Twain. In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twain uses humorous characters and absurd situations to criticize racism, ignorant Southern society and hypocritical religion. In this way, he’s blending comic writing with social commentary in critically exploring the issues of his time. So what issues of our time are being explored? And who’s been exploring these issues through satire? Well, most of the time, satirists target things in the field of political or public affairs. But they also may target social customs, fashion, celebrities, or even sports events.
• When you read The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, you are reading satire. For many students the concept of satire in Huck Finn is hard to understand, maybe this is because we no longer relate to the societal problems in styles of living that are present in the book. But most of you are very familiar with satire, and I might add, have probably enjoyed it. So what is satire? Webster’s defines satire as trenchant (犀利的) wit（机智）, irony, or sarcasm used to expose and discredit vice or folly. So what does that mean? That means that satirists are people who use satire, attempt to expose the hypocrisy or bad qualities of society by using humor, comedy or irony. In fact, every time you use sarcasm to point out your teacher’s fault, you’re probably using satire.
The gleaners（拾穗） Woman baking br Angelus
• Angelus – Latin for “angel” • “The Angelus” is a prayer practised by reciting, as versicle and response （启应）, three biblical verses describing the mystery of the birth of Jesus Christ(See Luke 1:26-38) . It is often accompanied by the ringing of the “Angelus bell” － a church bell.
• Latin text
• • V. Angelus Domini nuntiavit Mariæ. R. Et concepit de Spiritu Sancto. Ave Maria, gratia plena, Dominus tecum. Benedicta tu in mulieribus, et benedictus fructus ventris tui, Iesus. Sancta Maria, Mater Dei, ora pro nobis peccatoribus, nunc et in hora mortis nostræ. Amen. V. Ecce Ancilla Domini. R. Fiat mihi secundum Verbum tuum. Ave Maria... V. Et Verbum caro factum est. R. Et habitavit in nobis. Ave Maria... V. Ora pro nobis, Sancta Dei Genetrix. R. Ut digni efficiamur promissionibus Christi. Oremus: Gratiam tuam quæsumus, Domine, mentibus nostris infunde; ut qui, angelo nuntiante, Christi Filii tui Incarnationem cognovimus, per passionem eius et crucem, ad resurrectionis gloriam perducamur. Per eumdem Christum Dominum nostrum. Amen.
• English text
• • V. The angel of the Lord announced unto Mary. R. And she conceived by the Holy Spirit. Hail Mary, full of grace, the Lord is with you. Blessed are you among women, and blessed is the fruit of your womb, Jesus. Holy Mary, Mother of God, pray for us sinners, now and at the hour of our death. Amen. V. Behold the handmaid of the Lord. R. Be it done unto me according to your Word. Hail Mary... V. And the Word was made flesh. R. And dwelt among us. Hail Mary... V. Pray for us, O Holy Mother of God. R. That we may be made worthy of the promises of Christ. Let us pray: We beseech You, O Lord, pour Your grace into our hearts, that as we have known the incarnation of Your Son Jesus Christ by the message of an angel, so by His cross and passion we may be brought to the glory of His resurrection; through the same Christ our Lord. Amen.
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The Angelus（晚祷) (L82，243－246)
• Commissioned by a wealthy American, Thomas G. Appleton, and completed during the summer of 1857, Millet added a steeple (教 堂尖塔）and changed the initial title of the work, Prayer for the Potato Crop to The Angelus when the purchaser failed to take possession in 1859. Displayed to the public for the first time in 1865, the painting changed hands several times, increasing only modestly in value. Upon Millet's death a decade later, a bidding war between the US and France ensued, ending some years later with a price tag of 800,000 gold francs.