William Dean Howells
英语国家概况(下)模拟题3
英语国家概况（下）模拟题3I. Directions:There are 20 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)1. The United States was rated _____ in the world in terms of land area and the size of population.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. fifth2. The New Deal was started by _________.A.J.F. KennedyB.Franklin RooseveltC.George WashingtonD.Thomas Jefferson3. Which of the following is the only branch that can make federal laws, and levy federal taxes?A. The executiveB. The legislativeC. The judicialD. The president4. Which of the following in NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?A. ProtestantB. JudaismC. IslamicD. Catholic5. “No taxation without representation” was the rallying cry of __________.A.The settlers of VirginiaB.The people of PennsylvaniaC.The colonists in New EnglandD.The people of the 13 colonies on the eve of the American Revolution6. _________ was mainly interested in writing about Americans living in Europe.A. William Dean HowellsB. Henry JamesC. Mark TwainD. Stephen Crane7. In the United States school systems, which of the following divisions is true?A.Elementary school, grammar school.B.Elementary school, junior high schoolC.Elementary school, secondary schoolD. Junior high school, senior high school8. Both public and private universities depend on the following sources of incomeexcept_________.A. student tuitionB. government fundingC. investmentD. endowments9. Due to his firm belief in nonviolent peaceful protest in the spirit of India’s leader Gandhi, ______ was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.A. Ella BakerB. Martin Luther King, Jr.C. John F. KennedyD. James Farmer10. Which of the following is NOT true?A.Slavery was mainly in the South.B.Racial discrimination existed throughout the United States in American history.C.Racial segregation after the Civil War existed only in the South.D.Racial segregation existed throughout the U.S. after the Civil War.11. Which of the following does NOT belong to the White-collar crime?A. robberyB. briberyC. false advertisingD. tax evasion12. Which invention marked the beginning of “The Age of Visual Information”?A. newspaperB. telegraphC. laundry machineD. television13. The State of California is on _________.A. the Atlantic CoastB. the Gulf of MexicoC. the Pacific CoastD. Caribbean Sea14. The one group within the counter culture best known for their pursuit of happiness as their only goal in life was called___________.A.the “Beat Generation”B. the “Lost Generation”C. th e “Me Generation”D. the “Hippies”15. Three of the following factors contribute to the higher arrest rates among minority groups. Which is the exception?A. The aggressive nature of these groups.B.Racial prejudice against them.C. Low social status of these groups.D. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups.16. Drug abuse in the United States is a social problem because it has a wide range of social costs. Which of the following is NOT a dysfunction caused by drug abuse?A. There is a strong association between drug use and crime.B. Drug dependence takes a significant toll in terms of personal health and safety.C. Drug abuse is a major cause of unemployment.D. There are great economic losses because of drug abuse.17. In January 1965, Presiden t Johnson declared “___________” to eliminate poverty “by opening to everyone the opportunity to live in decency and dignity.”A.New Frontier programB.War against JapanC.War against povertyD.War against Vietnam18. What is the other official language besides English in Canada?A. FrenchB. GermanC. JapaneseD. Finnish19. Who is the most influential person in the Canadian government?A. A Cabinet MinisterB. The Governor GeneralC. The QueenD. The Prime Minister20. Which of the following is true?A.The Queen is the official head of state.B. She is a member of the Cabinet.C. She is a symbol of Canada.D. She is a symbol of parliamentary democracy.Ⅱ.Explain each of the following 6 out of 8. Write your answer at the appropriate place on the ANSWER SHEET (30%, 5 points for each)21. a federal system22. The "Beat Generation"23. service industries24. Three Faiths in the U.S.25. The naturalists26. Disneyland27. NBA28. Martin Luther King, Jr.。
William-Dean-Howells
The Rise of Silas Lapham
• the core of the novel: class conflict
• one of the first American novels of manners
• one of the first novels to look at the American businessman and self-made millionaire
Major works
books of reminiscences
• Boy's Town (1890) • My Year in a Log Cabin (1893) • Impressions and Experiences (1896) • Literary Friends and Acquaintances (1900) • My Mark Twain (1910) • Years of My Youth (1916)
• he accepted the editorship of Harper's Monthly in 1886 and resigned in 1891.
Honors
• Yale, Princeton, Columbia, and Oxford all conferred honorary degrees upon him.
• he condemned novels of sentimentality and morbid self-sacrifice.
• he advocated honesty and social responsibility in literature.
• his view on realism was “ nothing more and nothing less than the truthful treatment of material.”
美国简史选择题及答案(1-16章)
1.From 1622 unit his death, _____, one of the greatest of colonial American, was reelected thirty times as governor.A.Anne BradstreetB. William BradfordC.Edward TaylorD. Thomas Paine2.____carries the voice not of an individual but of a whole people. It is more than writing of the Revolutionary period, it defined the meaning of the American Revolution.mon SenseB. The American CrisisC.Declaration of IndependenceD. Defence of the English People3.____usually was regarded as the first American writer.A.William BradfordB. Anne BradstreetB.Emily Dickinson D.Captain John Smith4.Anne Bradstreet was a Puritan poet. Her poems made such a stir in England that she became known as the “____”who appeared in America.A.Ninth MuseB. Tenth MuseC. Best MuseD. First Muse5.The ship “——” carried about one hundred pilgrims and took 66 days to beat its way across the Atlantic. In December of 1620, it put the Pilgrims ashore at Plymouth, Massachusetts.A.SunflowerB.ArmadaC.MayflowerD.Pequod6.From 1733 to 1758, Benjamin Franklin wrote and published his famous____,an annal collection of proverbs. BA.The AutobiographyB.Poor Richard’s Almanacmon SenseD.The General Magazine7.Which is not connected with Thomas Paine?mon SenseB.The American CrisisC.The Rights of ManD.The Autobiography8.”These are the times that try men’s souls”,these words were once read to Washington’s troops and did much to spur excitement to further action with hope and confidence.Who is the author of these words?A.Benjamin FranklinB. Thomas PaineC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington9.Who was considered as the “Poet of American Revolution”?A.Anne BradstreetB.Edward TaylorC.Michael WigglesworthD.Philip Freneau10.The secular ideals of the American Enlightenment were exemplified in the life and career of ____.A.T homas HoodB.Benjamin FranklinC.Thomas JeffersonD.George Washington11.It was not until January 1776 that a widely heard public voice demanded complete separation from England. The voice was that of ___, whose pamphlet Common Sense, with its heated language, increased the growing demand for separation.A.Thomas PaineB.Thomas JeffersonB.George Washington D.Patrick Henry12.In American literature, the eighteen century was the age of the Enlightenment.____was the dominant spirit. BA.HumanismB.RationalismC.RevolutionD.Evolution13.At the Reason and Revolution Period, Americans were influenced by the European movement called the ____. CA.Chartist MovementB.Romanticist MovementC.Enlightenment MovementD.Modernist Movement14.In American literature, the enlighteners were favorable to _____. DA.the colonial orderB.religious obscurantismC.the Puritan traditionD.the secular literature15.The English colonies in North America rose in arms against their parent country and the Continental Congress adopted____in 1776. AA.the Declaration of IndependenceB.the Sugar ActC.the Stamp ActD.the Mayflower CompactChapters 31.____is respectfully remembered as a master of adventurous narrative and as the creator of an American hero-myth. CA.Washington IrvingB. John Greenleaf WhittierC. James Fenimore CooperD.Oliver Wendell Holmes2.A new ____had appeared in England in the last years of the eighteenth century. It spread to continental Europe and then to American early in the nineteenth century. CA.realismB.critical realismC.romanticismD.naturalism3.The importance of the frontier and the wilderness in American literature is for the first time well illustrated in the following works:___. CA.Benjamin Franklin’s The AutobiographyB.Washington Irving’s The Sketch BookC.James Fenimore Cooper’s The Leather stocking TalesD.Ralph Waldo Emerson’s Nature4.Choose Washington Irving’s works from the following. DA.The Sketch BookB.Bracebridge HallC. A History of New YorkD.Tales of a Travelers5.The period before the American Civil War is generally referred to as_____. AA.the Romantic PeriodB.the Modern PeriodC. the Naturalist PeriodD. the Realistic Period6.There is a good reason to state that New England Transcendentalism was actually ____on the Puritan soil. AA.RomanticismB.PuritanismC.MysticismD.Unitarianism7.In 1826 as an American diplomatic attache, Washington Irving was sent to Spain where he gathered material for his following works EXCEPT____. CA.The History of the Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus,1828B.The Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada,1829C.The Life of Goldsmith, 1829D.The Alhambra, 18329. There is the famous___, in which there is the memorable event of an apparently headless horseman throwing his head at his rival in love, and the memorable character of Ichabod Crane with his mixture of shrewdness, credulity, self-as-sertiveness, and cowardice. BA.Rip Van WinkleB.The Legend of Sleep HollowC.The PioneersD.The American ScholarChapters 4-71.In 1836, a little book entitled____written by Ralph Waldo Emerson came out which made a tremendous impact on the intellectual life of America. AA.NatureB. The TranscendentalistC.PowerD.Wealth2.As a philosophical and literary movement, ____flourished in New England from the 1830s to the Civil War. DA.modernismB. rationalismC.sentimentalismD. transcendentalism3.Transcendentalist doctrines found their greatest literary advocates in ___Henry David Thoreau. BA.Thomas JeffersonB.Ralph Waldo EmersonC.Philip FreneauD.Edgar Allan Poe4.Transcendentalist recognized ____as the “highest power of the soul”.AA.intuitionB.logicC.data of the sensesD.thinking5.Edgar Allan Poe’s ____was an ingenious detective story and became the ancestor of the genre, influencing, among others, Conan Doyle. CA.The Fall of the House of UsherB.The Gold BugC.The Murders in the Rue MorgueD.The Purloined Letter6.From the following, which one is NOT the characteristic of Ralph Waldo Emerson’s poetry? DA.Being highly individualB.Harsh rhythmsck of form and polishck of optimism7.The publication of ___established Ralph Waldo Emerson as the most eloquent spokesman of New England Transcendentalism. AA.NatureB.Self-RelianceC.The American ScholarD.The Divinity School Address8.From Henry David Thoreau’s jail experienc e, came his famous essay, ___,which states Thoreau’s belief that no man should violate his conscience at the command of a government.A.WaldenB.NatureC.Civil Disobediencemon Sense9. Herman Melville called his friend Nathaniel Hawthorne ____in American literature. AA.the largest brain with the largest heartB.father of American poetryC.the transcendentalistD.the American scholar10.”The universe is composed of Nature and the soul...Spirit is present everywhere”. This is the voice of the book Nature written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England___. BA. RomanticismB.TranscendentalismC.NaturalismD.Symbolism11.Which of the following works is generally regarded as “the Bible of New England Transcendentalism”? DA. On BeautyB. WaldenC.The Conduct of LifeD.Nature12. ___is an appalling fictional version of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s belief that “the wrong doing of one generation lives into the successive ones” and that evil will come out evil though it may take many generations to happen. BA.The Marble FaunB. The House of Seven GablesC.The Blithedale RomanceD.Young Goodman Brown13. The giant Moby Dick may symbolize all EXCEPT____. BA.mystery of the universeB.sin of the whaleC.power of the Great NatureD.Evil of the world14. In Moby Dick, the voyage symbolizes____. BA.natureB.a search for truthC.the unknown worldD.the microcosm of human societyChapters8-101.Generally speaking, all those writers with a naturalistic approach to human reality tend to be ___. CA.transcendentalistsB.idealistsC.pessimistsD.impressionists2.Mark Twain, one of the greatest 19th century American writers, is well known for his____. CA.international themeB.waste-land imageryC.local colorD.symbolism3.In Henry James’ Daisy Miller, the author tries to portray the young woman as an embodiment of ____. BA.the force of conventionB.the free spirit of the New WorldC.the decline of aristocracyD.the corruption of the newly rich4.Which of the following is not written by Henry James? DA.The Portrait of A Lady and The EuropeansB.The Wings of the Dove and The AmbssadorsC.What Maisie Knows and The BostoniansD.The Genius and The Gilded Age5.Henry James experimented with different themes in his literary career, the most influential one being____. CA.nothingnessB.disillusionmentC.international themeD.relationship between men and women6.Theodore Dreiser’s Trilogy of Desire includes three novels. They are The Financier, The Titan and ____. AA.The StoicB.The GiantB.The Tycoon D.The Genius7.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by___. AA.highly refined languageB.ordinary American speechC.short, clear sentencesD.abundance of local images8.The book from which “all modern American literature comes” refers to ___. DA.The Great GatsbyB.The Sun Also RisesC.Moby DickD.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9.The impact of Darwin’s evolutionary theory on the American thought and the influence of the 19th-century French literature on the American men of letters gave rise to yet another school of realism:_____. BA.American modernismB.American naturalismB.American vernacularism D.American local colorism10.While embracing the socialism of Marx, Jack London also believed in the triumph of the strongest individuals. This contradiction is most vividly projected in the patently autobiographical novel___. CA.The Call of the WildeB.The Sea WolfB.Martin Eden D.The Iron Heel11.Stephen Crane’s best short stories include Open Boat, An Experiment and ___,all reinforcing the basic Crane motif environment and heredity overwhelming man. CA.The Black RidersB.A Man Said to the UniverseC.The Blue HotelD.The Red Badge of Courage12.The main theme of ____The Art of Fiction reveals his literary credo that representation of life should be the main object of the novel. AA.Henry James’B.Willian Dean Howells’C.Mark Twain’sD.Jack London’s13.Which statements about O.Henry is NOT right? DA.His stories are a penetrating criticism of America of the time.B.The ends of his stories are always surprising. AC.The plots of his stories are exceedingly clever and interesting.D.Many of his stories contain a great deal of slang and colloquial expressions.14.The publication of the novel____stirred a great nation to its depths andhurried on a great war. DA.My Bondage and My FreedomB.Stanzas on FreedomB.Voices of Freedom D.Uncle T om’s Cabin15.War in the novel____by Stephen Crane is a plain slaughter-house. There is nothing like valor or heroism on the battlefield, and if there is anything, it is the fear of death, cowardice, the natural instinct of man to run from danger. DA.War Is KindB.The Man That Corrupted HandleyburgC.The Black RidersD.The Red Badge of CourageChapters11-161.In which of the following works, Hemingway presents his philosophy about life and death through the depiction of the bull-fight as a kind of microcosmic tragedy? DA.The Green Hills of AfricaB.The Snows of KilimanjaroB.To Have and Have Not D.Death in the Afternoon2.___is Hemingway’s first true novel in which he depicts a vivid portrait of “The Lost Generation”. AA.The Sun Also RisesB.A Farewell to ArmsB.In Our Time D.For Whom the Bell Tolls3.F.Scott Fitzgerald’s fictional world is the best embodiment of the spirit of ___. AA.the Jazz AgeB.the Romantic PeriodB.the Renaissance Period D.the Neoclassical Period4.Which one of th e following figures does NOT belong to “The Lost Generation”? CA.Ezra PoundB.William Carlos WilliamsB.Robert Frost D.Theodore Dreiser5.The following writers were awarded Nobel Prize for literature EXCEPT_____. AA.F.Scott FitzgeraldB.William FaulknerB.John Steinbeck D.Ernest Hemingway6.____showed great interest in Chinese literature and translated the poetry of Li Po(Li Bai) into English, and was influenced by Confucian ideas. CA.T.S.EliotB.E.E.CummingsC.Ezra PoundD.Robert Frost7.Choose the novel of the following Not written by F.Scott Fitzgerald. CA.The Great GatsbyB.Tender Is the NightC.This Side of ParadiseD.The Beautiful and the Damned8.Thomas Stearns Eliot’s later poetry took a positive turn toward faith in life. This was demonstrated by ____, a poem of mystical conflict between faith and doubt. CA.The Waste LandB.The Hollow MenC.Ash-WednesdayD.Four Quartets。
William dean howells
The love subplot
Tom Corey
It adds an element of mystesister Penelope
“economy of pain” formula
younger sister Irene
to ensure “the greatest happiness for the greatest number”
The Coreys
Tom Corey • Heir to the Corey fortune. • uncertain of what he will choose for his profession at first, but then decides to join Silas in the mineral paint business.
Irene Lapham
• Youngest daughter. • Very pretty, but not very smart. • She is very polite and also very conscious of the differences between the Laphams and Boston’s upper class.
机》
• Criticism and Fiction, 1891《 批评与小说》
The Laphams
• • • • The Laphams Persis Lapham Penelope Lapham Irene Lapham
Silas Lapham
• Head of the Lapham family. Owns a mineral paint business. Acquired his wealth through paint. Has moved to Boston so his daughters can enter into Boston’s upper class society. Wants his daughters to find suitable matches for marriage.
自考英美文学选读必考重点第三讲美国文学
The period ranging from 1865 to l914 has been referred to as
the Age of Realism in the 1iterary history of the United States, which is actually a movement or tendency that dominated the spirit of American literature, especially American fiction, from the 1850s onwards. Realism was a reaction against Romanticism or a move away from the bias towards romance and self-creating fictions, and it paved the way to Modernism. Instead of thinking about the irrational, the imaginative, realists touched upon social and political realities and pressures in the post-Civil war society. Three dominant figures are William Dean Howells, Mark Twain, and Henry James.
It started with the publication of ________ and ended with _______. It is also called _________.
英美文学选读真题和答案 (7)
202X年7月高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英美文学选读卷子课程代码0604PART one(40 Points)I．Multiple Choice (40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement.Mark your choice by blackening the corresponding letter A，B，C Or D On theAnswer Sheet.1．_______, a typical example of old English poetry，is regarded as the national epic of the Anglo—Saxons．A．The Canterbury TalesB．ExodusC．BeowulfD．The Legend of Good Women2．It was ______ who first introduced the Petrarchan sonnet into England.A．CaxtonB．WyattC．SurreyD．Marlowe3．It is generally believed that the most important play among Shakespeare’s comedies is ______ A．A Midsummer Night’s DreamB．As You Like ItC．The Merchant of VeniceD．Twelfth Night4．All the following poets except ______ belong to the metaphysical school.A．DonneB．HerbertC．MarvellD．Milton5．Of all the eighteenth —century novelists, ______ was the first to set out, both in theory and practice, to write specifically a “comic epic in prose〞and the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.A．Daniel DefoeB．Samuel RichardsonC．Henry FieldingD．Oliver Goldsmith6．Although writing from different points of view and with different techniques, writers in the Victorican Period shared one thing in common, that is, they were all concerned about ______ .A．the love story between the rich and the poorB．the techniques in writingC．the fate of the common peopleD．the future of their own country7．In the theatrical world of the neoclassical period ______ was the leading figure among the host of playwrights.A．William BlakeB．Richard SheridanC．Ben JonsonD．Bernard Shaw8．The eighteenth —century England is also known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of ______.A．IntellectB．ReasonC．RationalityD．Science9．______ by Swift is generally regarded as the best model of satire, not only of the 18th century but also in the whole English literary history.A．A Tale of a TubB．The Battle of the BooksC．〞A Modest Proposal 〞D．Gulliver’s Travels10．The novels of______ are the first literary work devoted to the study of problems of the lower —class people.A．BunyanB．DefoeC．FieldingD．Swift11．Thomas Gray established his fame as the leader of the ______ of the day.A．romantic poetryB．sentimental poetryC．neoclassical poetryD．realistic novel12．Which of the following is taken from John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn〞______ A．〞If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind〞B．〞For Godsake hold your tongue, and let me love.〞C．〞Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard/Are sweeter〞D．〞The Child is father of the Man.〞13．Robert Browning’s style is ______.A．identical with that of the other VictoriansB．similar to that of TennysonC．perfectly artisticD．rough and disproportionate in appearance14．Thomas Hardy wrote novels of ______.A．character and environmentB．pure romanceC．stream of consciousnessD．psychoanalysis15．The three trilogies of ______ novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century.A．Galsworthy’s ForsyteB．Lewis Grassic Gibbon’s Sunset Song’s Women in Love’s A Passage to India16．______ is considered to be the best—known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A．Oscar WildeB．Christopher MarloweC．John DrydenD．Bernard Shaw17．______ was awarded Nobel Prize for literature in 1923.A．Bernard ShawB．John Galsworthy18．Of the following poets, which is not regarded as “Lake Poets〞A．Samuel Taylor ColeridgeB．Robert SoutheyC．William WordsworthD．George Gordon Byron19．The four great odes of John Keats include the following EXCEPT ______.A．〞Ode on Melancholy〞B．〞Ode on a Grecian Urn〞C．〞Ode to a Nightingale〞D．〞Ode to the West wind〞’s masterpieces.A．Women in LoveB．Sons and LoversC．Lady Chatterley’s LoverD．The Plumed Serpent21．In Oscar Wilde’s masterpiece ______, he expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper —class people by revealing their corruption, snobbery and hypocrisy.A．SalomeB．The Importance of Being EarnestC．The Happy PrinceD．A Woman of No Importance22．〞The V anity Fair 〞is a well—known part in The Pilgrim’s Progress, which of the following writers later adopted it as the title of a novel？A．DickensB．ThackerayC．FieldingD．Hardy23．To the transcendentalists such as ______ and Thoreau, man is divine in nature; but to Hawthorne and Melville, everybody is potentially a sinner.A．Washington IrvingB．EmersonC．Henry JamesD．Emily Dickinson24．Washington Irving’s ______ was written in England, filled with English scenes and quotations from English authors and faithful to British orthography.A．Bracebridge HallB．Tales of a TravelerC．The Sketch BookD．The Alhambra25．The American Romantic writers celebrated America’s landscape with its virgin forests, meadows, groves, endless prairies, streams, and vast oceans.______ came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral law.A．The Atlantic OceanB．The Rocky MountainsC．The Pacific OceanD．The wilderness26．Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Washington IrvingA．He was regarded as Father of the American Short Story.B．He was one of the first American writers to earn an international reputation.C．He enjoyed the honor of being “the American Goldsmith〞for his literary craftsmanship.D．He was one of the advocates of the New England Transcendentalism.27．Which one of the following statements is NOT true of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his works A．Emerson’s essays often have a formal style, for most of them were derived from his journals or lectures.B．In his essays, Emerson put forward his philosophy of Transcendentalism, focusing on the importance of the individual and the nature.C．Emerson based his philosophy on an intuitive belief in an ultimate unity, which he called the 〞over—soul〞.D．Emerson is affirmative about man’s intuitive knowledge, with which a man can trust himself to decide what is right and to act accordingly.28．〞The lover of nature is he whose inward and outward senses are still truly adjusted to each other, who has retained the spirit of infancy even into the era of manhood〞. This is the voice of the book _____ written by Emerson, which pushed American Romanticism into a new phase, the phase of New England _________.A．Nature…SymbolismB．The American Scholar…NaturalismC．Nature…TranscendentalismD．the American Scholar…Realism29．Which one of the following statements about Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is trueA．Hawthorne intended to tell a love story in this novel.B．Hawthorne intended to tell a story of sin in this novel.C．Hawthorne intended to reveal the human psyche after they sinned, so as to show people the tension between society and individuals.D．Hawthorne focused his attention on consequences of the sin on the people in general, so as to call the readers back to the conventional Puritan way of living.30．Walt Whitman is a poet with a strong sense of mission, having decoted all his life to the creation of the “single〞poem, ________.A．ChicagoB．My Lost YouthC．Leaves of GrassD．A Pact31．Redburn is a semi —autobiographical novel written by ________, concerning the sufferings of a genteel youth among brutal sailors.A．Walt WhitmanB．Nathaniel HawthorneC．Herman MelvilleD．Ralph Waldo Emerson32．The period ranging from ________ to ________ has been referred to as the Age of Realism in the literary history of the United States.A．1865 (1945)B．1865 (1914)C．1783 (1945)D．1783 (1914)33．________thought that the writer should use language to probe the deepest reaches of the psychological and moral nature of human beings rather than simply hold a mirror to the surface of social life in particular times and places. He is a realist of the inner life.A．Mark TwainB．William Dean HowellsC．Henry JamesD．Theodore Dreiser34．〞I felt good and all washed clean of sin for the first time I had ever felt so in my life, and I knowed I could pray now. But I didn’t do it straight off, but laid the paper down and set there thinking —thinking how good it was all this happened so, and how near I come to being lost and going to hell. 〞The above passage is taken from ________.A．The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnB．The Adventures of Tom SawyerC．Uncle Tom’s CabinD．Life on the Mississippi35．The following statements are all true of Daisy Miller EXCEPT________.A．Frederick Winterbourne, the narrator of the story, es an American expatriate.B．With the publication of Daisy Miller, William James reputation was firmly established on both sides of the Atlantic.C．With the publication of Daisy Miller, Daisy Miller has ever since become the American Girl in Europe, a celebrated cultural type who embodies the spirit of the New World.D．Daisy Miller’s defiance of social taboos in the Old World finally brings her to a disaster in the clash between the two different cultures.36．Which one of the following statements is true of Dickinson’s “I like to see it lap the Miles〞A．This poem describes a mare dancing at midnight.B．This poem describes a horse galloping through valleys.C．This poem describes a train running through the mountainous area.D．This poem describes a traveler’s joyous journey through the scenic mountainous area.37．________ is considered to be a spokesman for the alienated youth in the post —war era and his The Catcher in the Rye is regarded as a students’ classicA．Allen GinXergD．Henry James38．Towards the end of After Apple —Picking，Frost writes “ Were he not gone, /The woodchuck could say whether it’s like his /Long sleep, as I describe its coming on, /Or just some human sleep.〞The “human sleep 〞here refers to ________.A．a trip to the countrysideB．deathC．rest after a day’s work in the orchardD．exaltation of mind39．In the third chapter of The Great GatXy by Fitzgerald, there is a wonderful description of GatXy’s party which evokes both ___________ of that strange and fascinating era that we call________.A．the pride and the prejudice…Victorian AgeB．the romance and the sadness…Jazz AgeC．the love and the hatred…Age of ReasonD．the Vanity and the disillusionment…Age of Reason40．Faulkner once said that ___________ is a story of 〞lost innocence〞, which proves itself to be an intensification of the theme of imprisonment in the past.A．The Sound and the FuryB．Go Down, MosesC．Light in AugustD．Absalom, Absalom!PART TWO (60 POINTS)II．Reading Comprehension (16 points in all, 4 for each)Read the quoted parts carefully and answer the questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.41．〞To be, or not to be —that is the question;Whether’ tis nobler in the mind to sufferThe slings and arrows of outrageous fortune,Or to take arms against a sea of troubles,And by opposing end them〞Questions:A．Identify the author and the title of the passage from which this part is taken.B．Explain the meaning of “To be, or not to be〞.C．How do you understand the last two lines42．〞The boast of heraldry, the pomp of power,And all that beauty, all that wealth e’er gave,Awaits alike the inevitable hour.The paths of glory lead but to the grave.〞Questions:A．Identify the author and the title of the passage from which this part is taken.B．What does the phrase 〞inevitable hour〞meanC．Write out the main idea of the passage in plain English.43．〞I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shinning over GatXy’s house, making the night fine as before, and surviving the laughter and the sound of his still glowing garden. A sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation the figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell. 〞Questions:A．Identify the author and the title of the passage from which this part is taken.B．The passage describes the end of an event, What is itC．What implied meaning can you get from reading this passage44．We passed the School, where Children strove AT Recess—in the Ring—We passed the Fields of Gazing Grain—We passed the Setting Sun—Questions:A．Who is the author of this stanza taken from the poem “Because I could not stop for Death—〞？B．What do the underlined parts symbolizeC．Where were “we〞heading towardIII．Questions and Answers (24 points in all,6 for each)Give brief answers to each of the following questions in English. Write your answers in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.45．Edmund Spenser is one of the poets of English Renaissance. What are the qualities of his poetry46．The Man of Property is the first novel of the Forsyte trilogies by Galsworthy. What is the theme and the tone of The Man of Property47．Hawthorne’s “Young Goodman Brown〞is often read as a conventional allegory. What does the work symbolically concern48．William Faulkner is one of the greatest American novelists. What do you know about his narrative techniques IV．Topic Discussion (20 points in all, 10 for each)Write no less than 150 word on each of the following topics in English in the corresponding space on the answer sheet.49．Discuss Charles Dickens’ art of fiction: the setting, the character —portrayal, the language, etc., based on his novel Oliver Twist.50．Discuss the symbolism employed in Moby Dick.。
美国文学复习资料
美国⽂学复习资料The Review Information of Final Examination⼀、Match ( the writer and their works)1、Anne Bradstreet：《Some verses on the Burning of Our House》；《The Spirit and the Flesh》；《The Tenth Muse Lately Sprung Up in America》2、Michael Wigglesworth：《The Day of Doom》3、Edward Taylor：《Preparatory Meditation》4、Thomas Jefferson：《The Declaration of Independence》5、Thomas Paine: 《Common Sense》6、Benjamin Franklin: 《Poor Richard’s Almanac格⾔历书》；《Autobiography⾃传》7、Philip Freneau：《The Rising Glory of America美洲光辉的兴起》；《The House of Night夜之屋》；《The British Prison Ship英国囚船》；《To the Memory of the Brave Americans纪念美国勇⼠》；《The Wild Honey Suckle 野⾦银花》；《The Indian Burying Ground印第安⼈墓地》；《The Dying Indian: Tomo Chequi奄奄⼀息的印第安⼈：托姆·察吉》8、Washington Irving：《A History of New York纽约外史》（under the name of Diedrich Knickerbocker）；《The Sketch Book见闻札记/札记集》（《Rip Van Winkle瑞普·凡·温克尔》&《The Legend of Sleepy Hollow睡⾕的传说》）；《Bracebridge Hall布雷斯布⾥奇庄园》；《Tales of a Traveler》；《Oliver Goldsmith哥尔德斯密斯》；《Life of George Washington华盛顿传》；9、James Fenimore Cooper：《Precaution》；《The Spy》；《The Pioneers》；《The Pilot》；《Lionel Lincoln》;《The Last of the Mohicans》；《The RedRover》；《The Prairie》；《The Red Rover》1828；《The Wept of Wish-Ton-Wish》；《The Water Witch》1830；《The Pathfinder》；《The Deerslayer》；10、William Cullen Bryant：《To a Waterfowl致⽔鸟》；《Thanatopsis死亡随想》；《The Yellow Violet黄⾊堇⾹花》；《Poems诗选》；《The Fountain 泉》；《The White-Footed Deer⽩蹄⿅》；《A Forest Hymn森林赋》；《The Flood of Years似⽔流年》；11、Edgar Allan Poe：《Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque奇异怪诞故事集》；《MS. Found in a Bottle瓶⼦⾥发现的⼿稿》；《The Murders in the Rue Morgue⽑格街杀⼈案》；《The Fall of the House of Usher厄舍古屋的倒塌》；《The Masque of the Red Death红⾊死亡的化妆舞会》；《The Cask of Amontillado⼀桶酒的故事》；《The Raven乌鸦》；《Israfel伊斯拉菲尔》；《Annabel Lee安娜贝尔?李》；《To Helen致海伦》；《The Poetic Principle诗歌原理》；《The Philosophy of Composition创作哲学》12、Nathaniel Howthorne：《Twice-Told Tales故事重述》；《Mosses from an Old Manse古宅青苔》；《The Scarlet Letter红字》；《The House of the Seven Gables七个尖⾓阁的房⼦》；《The Blithedale Romance福⾕传奇》；《The Marble Faun⼤理⽯雕像》；《Young Goodman Brown好⼩伙⼉布朗》；《The Minister’s Black Veil教长的⿊⾯纱》；《Dr. Rappacini’s Daughter拉普齐尼博⼠的⼥⼉13、William Whitman：《Leaves of Grass》14、Ralph Waldo Emerson：《Nature》；《The American Scholar》, regarded as 《Declaration of Intellectual Independence》；《The Poet》；《Self-Reliance》；《Each and All》15、Henry David Thoreau：《A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers》；《Walden》；《Life in the Woods》；《The Maine Woods》；《Civil Disobedience》；《A Plea for Captain John Brown》；16、William Dean Howells：《The Rise of Silas Lapham》；《A Chance Acquaintance》；《A Modern Instance》17、Regional literature （similar, but larger in the world）Garland, Harte – the westBret Harte: The Luck of Roaring Camp《咆哮营的幸运⼉》Hamlin Garland: Main-travelled Roads《⼤路条条》Eggleston – Indiana：The Hoosier Schoolmaster《⼭区校长》Mrs. Stowe Old Town Folks《⽼城的⼈们》Jewett – Maine Deephaven《深深拥有》Kate Chopin – Louisiana：Bayou Folk《路易斯安娜移民》, A Night inAcadie《爱克迪之夜》, The Awakening《觉醒》Woolson: Castle Nowhere: Lake-Country Sketches《处处城堡：乡村湖景札记》18、Bret Harte：《Tennessee’s Partener》；《The Luck of Roaring Camp》19、Hannibal Hamlin Garland：《Main-travelled Roads》；《Mrs Ripley’s Trip》20、Mark Twain：《The Gilded Age镀⾦时代》；《the two advantages》；《Life on the Mississippi》；《A Connecticut Yankee in King》，《Arthur’s Court》；《The Man That Corrupted Hardleybug》；《Adventures ofHuckleberry Finn哈克贝利·费恩历险记》；《The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 汤姆·索亚历险记》；《The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County》；《The Innocents Abroad》(non-fiction travel)；《Roughing It艰苦岁⽉》(non-fiction)；《The Notorious Jumping Frog of Calaveras County卡城名蛙》；The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County (fiction)The Innocents Abroad傻⼦出国记(non-fiction travel)Mark Twain's (Burlesque) Autobiography and First RomanceSketches New and Old (fictional stories)Old Times on the Mississippi (non-fiction)The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (fiction)A Murder, a Mystery, and a Marriage (fiction);A Tramp Abroad (travel)1601: Conversation, as it was by the Social Fireside, in the Time ofthe Tudors (fiction)The Prince and the Pauper 王⼦与贫⼉(fiction)Life on the Mississippi密西西⽐河上(non-fiction (mainly))Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (fiction)A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthur's Court (fiction)The American Claimant (fiction)The ￡1,000,000 Bank Note and Other New Stories (fictional)Tom Sawyer Abroad (fiction)The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson (fiction)Tom Sawyer, Detective (fiction)Personal Recollections of Joan of Arc (fiction)How to Tell a Story and other Essays (non-fictional essays)Following the Equator (non-fiction travel)Is He Dead (play)The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg (fiction)The Battle Hymn of the Republic, Updated (satire)Edmund Burke on Croker and Tammany (political satire)To the Person Sitting in Darkness (essay)A Dog's Tale (fiction)King Leopold's Soliloquy (political satire)The War Prayer (fiction)What Is Man (essay)Eve's Diary (fiction)Christian Science (non-fiction)Is Shakespeare Dead (non-fiction)Captain Stormfield's Visit to Heaven (fiction)Letters from the Earth (fiction, published posthumously)The Mysterious Stranger (fiction, possibly not by Twain, publishedposthumously)The United States of Lyncherdom (essay, published posthumously)Mark Twain's Autobiography (non-fiction, publishedposthumously)Letters from the Earth (posthumous, edited by Bernard DeV oto)No. 44, The Mysterious Stranger (fiction, published posthumously)21、Henry James：《Watch and Ward》；《Roderick Hudson》；《The American》；《The Europeans》；《Confidence》；《Washington Square》；《The Portrait of a Lady》；《The Bostonians》；《The Princess Casamassima》；《The Reverberator》；《The Tragic Muse》；《The Other House》；《The Spoils of Poynton》；《What Maisie Knew》；《The Awkward Age》；《The Sacred Fount》；《The Wings of the Dove》；《The Ambassadors》；《The Golden Bowl》；《The Whole Family》；《The Outcry》；《The Ivory Tower》；《The Sense of the Past》；《The Other House》；《The Spoils of Poynton》；《The Ivory Tower》；《The Sense of the Past》22、Harriet Beecher Stowe：《Uncle Tom's Cabin》；《A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin》；《Dred, A Tale of the Great Dismal Swamp》；《The Minister's Wooing》；《Old Town Folks》；23、Edith Wharton：《The House of Mirth》；《The Age of Innocence》24、Stephen Crane：《A Girl of the Streets街头⼥郎麦琪》；《The Black Riders⿊骑⼿》；《The Red Badge of Courage 红⾊英勇勋章》；《The Open Boat 海上扁⾈》；《The Blue Hotel蓝⾊旅馆》；《An Experiment in Misery不幸的试验》；《A Man Said to the Universe⼀个⼈对上帝说》；《A Man Adrift on aSlim Spar这个⼈漂泊在细细的梁上》25、Theodore Dreiser：《Sister Carrie嘉莉妹妹》1900；《Old Rogaum and His Theresa》(1901)；《Jennie Gerhardt珍妮姑娘》1911；《The Financier ⾦融家》1912；《The Titan巨头》1914；《The "Genius"天才》1915；《An American Tragedy美国悲剧》1925；《Chains: Lesser Novels and Stories》1927；《The Bulwark》1946；《The Stoic》194726、Frank Norris：《McTeague麦克提格》；《The Octopus章鱼》；《The Pit 深渊、粮⾷交易反》；《The Responsibilities of the Novelist⼩说家的责任》；《The Wolf狼》1902. unfinished27、Jack London：《A Daughter of the Snows》1902；《The Call of the Wild野性的呼唤》1903；《The Kempton-WaceLetters》1903；《The Sea-Wolf 海狼》1904；《The Game》1905；《White Fang⽩⽛》1906；《The Iron Heel》1908；《Martin Eden马丁·伊登》1909；《The Scarlet Plague》1912；《The Valley of the Moon》1913；《The StarRover》1915；《The Little Lady of the Big House》1916；《The Assassination Bureau, Ltd》1963；《Son of the Wolf狼的⼉⼦》1900；28、T.S. Eliot：《The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock》1917；《The Waste Land》1922；《The Hollow Men》1925；《Ash Wednesday》1930；《Four Quartets》1943；《Murder in The Cathedral》1935；《Cocktail Party》1950；29、Ernest Hemingway (Lost Generation)：《The Sun Also Rises太阳依照升起》1926；《A Farewell To Arms永别了，武器》1929；《Death In The Afternoon午后之死》1932；《The Green Hills Of Africa⾮洲的青⼭》1935；。
专业英语八级英美文学知识分类模拟题4
专业英语八级英美文学知识分类模拟题4单项选择题1. ______ was the only female American prose writer in the 19th century.A.Emily DickinsonB.Jane AustinC.George EliotD.Harriet Beecher Stowe答案：D美国19世纪唯一的女散文作家是Harriet Beecher Stowe(哈利特·比彻·斯托)。
Emily Dickirson(艾米丽·迪金森)是女诗人。
另外两位是英国女作家。
2. Harriet Beecher Stowe's works mainly focus on ______.A.romanticismB.local colourismC.naturalismD.transcendentalism答案：BHarriet Beecher Stowe(哈利特·比彻·斯托)的作品充满了乡土气息。
3. Which of the following is the masterpiece by Harriet Beecher Stowe?A.Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal SwampB.Sam Lawson's Fireside Stories'C.Uncle Tom "s CabinD.The Gilded Age答案：CUncle Tom's Cabin(《汤姆叔叔的小屋》)是斯托夫人最出名的作品。
Dred A Tale of the Great DismalSwamp(《德雷德：阴暗大沼地的故事》)和Sam Lawson's Fireside Stories(《山姆·罗森的炉边故事》)也是她的作品，但没有前者有名。
The Gilded Age(《镀金时代》)是Mark Twain(马克·吐温)的作品。
美国文学史及作品选读
Henry James (1843-1916)
Born into a wealthy cultured family of New York City; great influence from his father and brother Father, Henry James, Sr.: an unorthodox theologian, one of the best-known intellectuals in mid-nineteenthcentury America; brother, William James, philosopher and psychologist Psychological realism
The closing frontier
The closing frontier: the development of railroads: mobile, Western settlement, settlement in the Great Plains and mountainous regions, awareness of regional characteristics; disillusionment and frustration, suffering and unhappiness
The International Theme The first and the third stages write about the “international theme”: innocent American confronting the sophisticated European cul and Europe, American innocence in contact and contrast with European decadence and the moral and psychological complications arising therefrom. For the American it was a process of progression from inexperience to experience, from innocence to knowledge and maturity.
专业英语八级英美文学知识分类模拟题4
专业英语八级英美文学知识分类模拟题4专业英语八级英美文学知识分类模拟题4单项选择题1. ______ was the only female American prose writer in the 19th century.A.Emily DickinsonB.Jane AustinC.George EliotD.Harriet Beecher Stowe答案：D美国19世纪唯一的女散文作家是Harriet Beecher Stowe(哈利特·比彻·斯托)。
Emily Dickirson(艾米丽·迪金森)是女诗人。
另外两位是英国女作家。
2. Harriet Beecher Stowe's works mainly focus on ______.A.romanticismB.local colourismC.naturalismD.transcendentalism答案：BHarriet Beecher Stowe(哈利特·比彻·斯托)的作品充满了乡土气息。
3. Which of the following is the masterpiece by Harriet Beecher Stowe?A.Dred: A Tale of the Great Dismal SwampB.Sam Lawson's Fireside Stories'C.Uncle Tom "s CabinD.The Gilded Age答案：CSwamp(《德雷德：阴暗大沼地的故事》)和Sam Lawson's Fireside Stories(《山姆·罗森的炉边故事》)也是她的作品，但没有前者有名。
The Gilded Age(《镀金时代》)是Mark Twain(马克·吐温)的作品。
4. ______ is the masterpiece written by William Dean Howells.A.The Rise of Silas LaphamB.The Innocents AbroadC.The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead WisonD.The Man That Corrupted Hadleyburg答案：AThe Rise of Silas Lapham(《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》)是威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯的名作。
作者简介威廉亨利戴维斯(18711940)
天仁报业集团总编室
2
2009.10
英语中考研究 2009 年第 10 期渊总第 4 期冤
题型预测
31 中考英语新题型前瞻与建议 试题评价
赵大中 江尧梅
36 对 2009 年部分省市中考英语完形填空题的分析与思考
杨智英 胡加秀 朱祥慧
43 江西省 2009 年中等学校招生 考试英语试题评析
刘述春
试题交流
B. pilot
C. diver
D. operator
考生回答这样的试题，往往根据自己的
语法知识很快排除了 B，C 项。出现这类问题 往往是由于命题人先想好了题干，把其中的 答案“astronaut”作为一个选择项先写下来，当 思考其它选择项时，便忽略了留在题干中的
冠词“an”。类似的情况还常常出现在以动词 be 结尾的题干之后。如：
Is
necessary to complete the
project before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
3. 由一个问题组成。如：
What is the writer trying to tell us with
William Dean Howells
Reading: The Rise of Silas Lapham
Material rise to material fall yet moral rise 1. Character Silas Lapham Mrs. Lapham Penelope, elder daughter Irene, younger daughter Tom Corey 2. Story [p.120]
As a critic
Criticism and Ficalistic views [p.119]
As a prolific writer
The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) 《塞拉斯· 拉帕姆的发迹》 A Modern Instance （1881） 《现代婚姻》 Annie Kilburn （1888） 《安妮· 吉尔伯恩》 A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890) 《时来运转》 A World of Chance (1893) A Traveler from Altruria (1894) The Minister’s Charge (1898)
William Dean Howells (1837-1920)
威廉· 迪恩· 豪威尔斯
Champion of the Realist School
Life Story
→ Born in Ohio → brought up in Midwest → had poems published in The Atlantic Monthly → wrote campaign biography of Lincoln → appointed US. Consul in Venice → moved to Boston and became assistant editor and editor-in-chief of The Atlantic Monthly → devoted his life to writing
The-Rise-of-Silas-Lapham
1304020639 魏来
1
Introduction
The Rise of Silas Lapham
is a fine specimen（样本） of American realistic writing by William Dean Howells in 1885 about the materialistic rise of Silas Lapham from rags（破 布)to riches,accompanied his
The love triangle of Penelope， Irene and Tom highlights Howells' views of sentimental
novels as unrealistic and deceitful.
7
the Laphams the Coreys
Silas Laphs am
Rather than creating figurative language in the text to suggest meaning
The symbolism in The Rise of Silas Lapham is used "as a way of defining the thematic function of objects in the fictive world in relation to the general meaning of the story”.
4
Aspiring to conquer
Boston politely society, he
spends a lot of
丘吉尔简介
温斯顿·伦纳德·斯宾塞·丘吉尔（1874年11月30日—1965年1月24日），英国历史学家、政治家、画家、演说家、作家、记者。
1940—1945年、1951—1955年期间曾两度任英国首相，被认为是20世纪最重要的政治领袖之一，带领英国获得第二次世界大战的胜利。
1929年至1965年临终，连续36年担任英国布里斯托大学校长。
他的《不需要的战争》获1953年诺贝尔文学奖，著有《第二次世界大战回忆录》6卷、《英语民族史》4卷等。
是历史上掌握英语单词词汇量最多的人之一（十二万多），被美国杂志《展示》列为近百年来世界最有说服力的八大演说家之一，曾荣获诺贝尔和平奖提名。
2002年，BBC举行了一个名为“最伟大的100名英国人”的调查，结果丘吉尔被获选为有史以来最伟大的英国人。
Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (November 30, 1874 - January 24, 1965), British historian, statesman, orator, writer, painter, journalist. From 1940 to 1945, during the period of 1951 - 1955 was twice Prime Minister of Britain in twentieth Century, is considered one of the most important political leader, led the British won the victory of the second world war. Last 1929 to 1965, for 36 consecutive years as the British Chancellor of University of Bristol. His " the unnecessary war " won the 1953 Nobel prize for literature, the author of " the Second World War " 6 volumes, " a history of the English speaking peoples " 4 volume etc.. English vocabulary is one of the most people to grasp the history ( more than 120000 ), was America magazine " display " column one of the eight speaker for nearly a hundred years the world 's most persuasive, was awarded the peace prize nomination Nobel. In 2002, BBC held a " survey of 100 Britons " the greatest, the results Churchill was elected as one of the greatest british.Early LifeWinston Churchill was born on Nov.30,1874 at Blenheim Palace(布莱尼姆宫).He graduated from the Royal Military College(皇家军事学院)at Sandhurst(桑德赫斯特:英国陆军官校所在地) .Then he participated in the colonial wars and reported all these campaigns as a war correspondent（战地记者）.In Oct.1911, he was appointed First Lord of Admiralty. After he suffered a major setback, he returned to the government.In 1917 ,first as Minister of of Munitions ,then as Minister of War.在oct.1911，他被任命为海军大臣。
美国文学课考试复习资料
美国文学课考试复习资料1.An artistic and intellectual movement originating in Europe in the late 18thcentury and characterized by a heightened interest in nature, emphasis on the individual’s expression of emotion and imagination, departure from the attitudes and forms of classicism, and rebellion against established social rules and conventions2.Features of American RomanticismThere is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider.American Romantic authors tended more to moralize, to edify rather than entertain.American Romanticism produced an entirely new experience alien to European culture.American romanticism was both imitative and independent.3.The American Renaissance or New England Renaissance isa period of the greatflowering of American literature, from the 1830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War./doc/7ae6c0293169a4517723a3b9.ht ml ic fables of Washington Irving;Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe;The frontier adventures of James Fennimore Cooper;The Psychological romances of Nathanial Hawthorne and Herman Melville 5.William Cullen Bryant, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow are Fireside Poets orSchoolroom Poets.Washington Irving is the Father of American literature.James Fennimore Cooper is the Father of the American novel.Edgar Allan Poe is the Father of modern short story.Ralph Waldo Emerson is the Father of American Transcendentalism.Henry David Thoreau is a famous practical transcendentalist.Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman are bridge poets between American Romanticism and the 20th century.6.Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文Father of American literaturethe first professional American writerthe first American Romantic writerthe first American short story writerthe first native American author to win worldwide fameThe Sketch Book (见闻札记）a collection of essays, sketches, and tales.The short story as a genre in American literature probably began with Irving’s The Sketch Book,“The Legend of Sleepy Hollow” 睡谷传奇“Rip Van Winkle” 瑞普·凡·温克尔7.(1789—1851) James Fennimore CooperFather of American Novel The first important American novelistThe Pioneer of Americanespionage story: The Spy间谍sea adventure tale: The Pilot 领航员Frontier adventures: The Leatherstocking Tales 皮裹腿故事集8.The Leatherstocking Tales皮裹腿故事集The Pioneers 拓荒者The Last of the Mohicans最后的莫希干人The Prairie 草原The Pathfinder 探路者The Deerslayer 杀鹿人9.Edgar Allan PoeGenius: a magazine editor, a poet, a short story writer, a critic,and a lecturer.Father of modern short story Father of detective storyFather of psychoanalytic criticismHe introduced the British Gothic story, science fiction, and literary criticism to American literature.He introduced a new kind of short story-- detective story.He was the first to develop the short story as a distinctive art form.He elaborated criteria by which it can be judged.10.His Short Stories“The Fall of the House of Usher”《厄舍古屋的倒塌》“The Cask of Amontillado”《一桶白葡萄酒》“Murders in the Rue Morgue”《莫格街谋杀案His Poems①“The Raven”乌鸦②“Annabel Lee” 安娜贝尔?丽11.Characters: Montresor & FortunatoMontresor: (outwit) a deranged man who seeks revengeFortunato: (a lucky or fortunate person) a haughty wine connoisseur against whom Montresor seeks revenge Setting involves place, time, and circumstances.The story is narrated by Montresor, who carries a grudge against Fortunato for an offense that is never explained.12.Writing devices Foreshadowing ( cask/ casket names trowel arms and motto)Irony (Verbal irony Dramatic irony Situational ironySymbolism(The foot: Montresor The serpent: Fortunato.13.theme “The Cask of Amontillado" is a powerful tale of revenge.14.transcendentalism Movement:●the summit of the Romantic Movement in the history of Americanliterature in the 19th century.●Leaders:Ralph Waldo Emerson: father of American Transcendentalism Henry David Thoreau: famous practical transcendentalist●Manifesto:Nature (by Ralph Waldo Emerson)the Bible of New England Transcendentalism●Club: Transcendentalist Club●Journal: The Dial15.Basic ideas●Spirit/Over-soul is the most important thing in the universe.Transcendentalism was based on a fundamental belief in the unityof the world and God.●The Transcendentalists stressed the importance o f individualism●Nature is the symbol of spirit/the garment of the Oversoul16.Ralph Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生Poet Essayist Popular lecturer Father of American Transcendentalism major works:●Nature 自然(1836) ：“the manifesto of Americantranscendentalism” and “the Bible of New EnglandTranscendentalism.”●The American Scholar美国学者(1837)："America's Declaration ofIntellectual Independence"●Self-Reliance 论自助: the importance of cultivating oneself17.Henry David Thoreau 亨利·大卫·梭罗●Schoolteacher, essayist, poet● a leader of Transcendentalism●Most famous for his Walden and Civil Disobedience●Influenced environmental movement●Supporter of abolitionism18.Influences of Transcendentalism①It served as an ethical guide to life for a young nation and brought aboutthe idea that human can be perfected by nature.②It advocated idealism that was greatly needed in a rapidlyexpanded economy.③It helped to create the first American renaissance –one of themost prolific period in American literature.19.The Fireside Poets 炉边诗人●Henry Wadsworth Longfellow 亨利·沃茲沃思·朗费罗The most popular American poet of the 19th centurytranslate Dante’s Divine Comedythe first American poet to gain a favorable international reputationthe only American to be honored with a bust in the Poet’s C orner of Westminster AbbeyVoices of the Night(1839) 《夜吟集》-- catch the attention Evangeline(1847) 《伊凡吉林》-- narrative poem on the AcadiansReasons for his popularityA.He had the gift of easy rhyme. He wrote poetry as a bird sings, with naturalgrace and melody.B.He wrote on obvious themes and in plain language whichappeal to allkinds of people.C.There is a joyousness in them, a spirit of optimism and faith in thegoodness of life which evokes immediate response in the emotions of his readers.A Psalm of Lifefirst published in Voices of the Night.the first English poem translated into Chinese.●William Cullen Bryant 威廉·卡伦·布赖恩特●James Russell Lowell 詹姆斯·拉塞尔·洛威尔●Oliver Wendell Holmes 奥利弗·温德尔·霍姆斯●John Greenleaf Whittier 约翰·格林列夫·惠蒂埃20.What are the Fireside Poets?●Schoolroom Poets/Household Poets●First group of American poets to rival British poets in popularity ineither country●Preferred conventional forms over experimentation●Often used American legends and scenes of American life as theirsubject matter21.The Age of American Realism●Historical BackgroundThe Civil War(The most important single influence is the Civil War.The IndustrializationThe Closing Frontier22. Mark Twain called the late 19th century the “Gilded Age.” glittering on the surface corrupt underneath23.Literary Characteristics●Feminist movementEmily Dickinson 艾米丽·迪金森Harriet Beecher Stowe 斯托夫人Kate Chopin 凯特·肖邦Edith Wharton 伊迪丝·华顿Willa Cather 维拉·凯瑟●Decline of American Romanticism●Appearance of America n realism●Appearance of American naturalism24.Realism●Realism begins in France. (Balzac)●It is a literary doctrine calling for “reality and truth in the depiction ofordinary life.”25. Local ColorRealism began in America as Local Color.Local Color: A synthesis of romantic plots and realistic descriptions ofthings.Local ColoristsBret Harte 布雷特·哈特The first American writer of local color to achieve wide popularity The Luck of Roaring Camp 《咆哮营的幸运儿》Harriet Beecher Stowe / Mrs. Stowe 哈里特·比彻·斯托/斯托夫人Uncle T om’s Cabin《汤姆叔叔的小屋》The greatest of all anti-slavery literature ?Kate Chopin 凯特·肖邦a woman writer The Awakening 《觉醒Mark Twain 马克·吐温The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County 卡城名蛙26.American RealismThe Great MastersMark Twain 马克·吐温the experiences of the low classThe Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County卡城名蛙The Adventures of Tom Sawyer 《汤姆·索亚历险记》Life on the Mississippi 《密西西比河上的生活》The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》Mark Twain’s Position①Mark Twain was called “Lincoln of American literature”, because itwas he made the colloquial speech an accepted, respectable literary medium.②He was declared “the first truly American writer” by WilliamFaulkner.③He fathered modern American literature, as Ernest Hemingwaynoted “all moder n American literature comes from his masterpiece The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.”●William Dean Howells 威廉·迪恩·豪威尔斯the arbiter of AmericanRealismThe Rise of Silas Lapham《塞拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹》●Henry James 亨利·詹姆斯: the experiences of the upper classFather of psychological realism 心理现实主义27. Features of American RealismRealists tried to vividly describe details from observation of actual life.Realists tried to offer an objective rather than an idealized view of human nature and society.It expressed the concern for the world of experience, of the commonplace, and for the familiar and the low.Its style was genteel and graceful by Howells and Henry James, plain and rough by Mark Twain and some other Local Color writers.28.Naturalism●In literature, it refers to the theory that literary compositionshould aim at a detached, scientific objectivity in the treatment of natural man.●It developed on the basis of realism but went a step further than itin portraying social reality.●Naturalism was a new and harsher rea lism.28. Naturalism: Basic Ideas①Humans are controlled by laws of heredity and environment andthey lack freedom of their own will. Brutish impulses dictate humanbehavior. All of their actions are controlled.②The universe is cold, godless, indifferent and hostile to humandesires. Life becomes a struggle for survival.③The struggle of the individual to adapt to environment, the fightfor the spouse and the Darwinian idea of the survival of the fittest becomenatural concerns of naturalist fiction and drama.29. Major Naturalists●Jack London 杰克·伦敦●Stephen Crane 斯蒂芬·克瑞恩Maggie: A Girl of the Streets《街头女郎玛吉》the first naturalistic novel in AmericaThe Red Badge of Courage《红色英勇勋章》●Frank Norris 弗兰克·诺瑞斯McTeague 《麦克提格》a textbook and manifesto of American naturalism●O. Henry 欧·亨利●Theodore Dreiser 西奥多·德莱塞the greatest literarynaturalistSister Carrier《嘉莉妹妹》the greatest naturalistic work30. American Naturalism●It first came into existence in Maggie, a Girl of the Streets by StephenCrane.●It had its manifesto in McT eague by Frank Norris.●It came to its maturity in Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser.31. The work of Modernist writers is characterized by showing the disenchantment, dislocation, and alienation of men in the world, and by the emphasis on experimentation and formalism and objectivism which are, in most cases, a reaction to the cataclysm (大变动) known as the Modern Age32. Famous Modern AuthorsSherwood Anderson 舍伍德·安德森Winesburg, Ohio《小镇畸人》Poor White《穷白人》Dark Laughter《阴沉的笑声》“The Triumph of the Egg” 鸡蛋的胜利“Death in the Woods” 林中之死F. Scott Fitzgerald F. 司各特·菲茨杰拉德The Great Gatsby《了不起的盖茨比》“The Great American Novel”Nick Carraway The narratorTender is the Night《夜色温柔》The Last Tycoon 《最后的大亨》Tales of Jazz Age 《爵士年代传奇》Eugene O’Neill 尤金·奥尼尔Nobel Prize for literature in 1936 Beyond theHorizon《天边外》Emperor Jones《琼斯皇》Hairy Ape《毛猿》William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳Nobel Prize for Literature in 1949 As I Lay Dying《在我弥留之际》The Sound and the Fury《喧嚣与骚动》William Faulkner who, in 1956, acknowledged Anderson as “the fathe r of my generation of American writers and the tradition of American writing which our successors will carry on.”Ernest Hemingway 厄内斯特·海明威Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 The Old Man and the Sea 《老人与海》 A Farwell to Arms 《永别了，武器》?John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962 The Grapes of Wrath《愤怒的葡萄》Of Mice and Men《人鼠之间》Ezra Pound 埃兹拉·庞德Leader of Imagist Movement The Cantos 《诗章》?Robert Frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特America’s best known and most loved poet Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening” 雪夜林边小伫“The Road Not Taken”未选择的路“Birches” 白桦林Langston Hughes 兰斯顿·休斯Leader of Harlem Renaissance The Weary Blues《疲惫的布鲁斯》T. S. Eliot T. S. 艾略特American-born English poet, playwright, and literary criticthe most important English-language poet of the 20th centuryNobel Prize in Literature in 1948 The Waste Land 《荒原》The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 《J.阿尔弗雷德.普鲁弗洛克的情歌》34.American Nobel Prize WinnersSinclair Lewis 辛克莱·路易斯(1930) Eugene O’Neil l 尤金·奥尼尔(1936)Pearl S. Buck 赛珍珠(1938) William Faulkner 威廉·福克纳(1949)Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威(1954) John Steinbeck 约翰·斯坦贝克(1962)Saul Bellow 索尔·贝娄（1976）Joseph Brodsky 约瑟夫·布罗茨基（1987）Isaac Bashevis Singer 艾萨克·巴什维斯·辛格（1978）Toni Morrison 托妮·莫里森（1993）35.American poet Gertrude Stein （格特鲁德·斯泰因）coined the expression "lostgen eration.“The three best known writers: F. Scott Fitzgerald John Dos PassosErnest Hemingway The Sun Also Rises A Farewell to Arms For Whom the Bell T olls The Old Man and the Sea36. ImagismImagist movement is a movement of English and American poets in revolt from romanticism, seeking clarity of expression through the use of precise images.The principles of the imagist manifesto were laid down by Ezra Pound in 1913 Cathay 《华夏集》Hugh Selwyn Mauberley 《休赛尔温?毛伯利》The Cantos 《诗章》“A Pact” “合同”/“协约”“In a Station of the Metro” “在地铁站里?Wallace Stevens 华莱士·史蒂文森Harmonium《簧风琴》“Anecdote of the Jar ” 坛子轶事“The Snow Man” 雪人William Carlos Williams “The Red Wheelbarrow”红色手推车37.Robert Frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特The most popular 20th century American poet.A four-time winner of the Pulitzer Prize .He was regarded as unofficial Poet Laureate (桂冠诗人).Main Poetry Collections: A Boy’s Will North of Boston Hampshire NewMountain Interval A Further Range A Witness Tre e38. Harlem RenaissanceThe Harlem Renaissance, known also as the New Negro Movement and the Negro Renaissance, was an important cultural manifestation of the mid-twenties and thirties.A flowering of African American art, literature, music and culture in the United States led primarily by the African American community based in Harlem, New York City.Beginning: 1924: the piblication of the magazine “Opportunity”. ?Ending: 1929: the year of the stock market crash and the resulting economic Great Depression.Zora Neale Hurston 佐拉·尼尔·赫斯顿Queen of the Harlem Renaissance Their Eyes Were Watching God 《他们的眼睛望着上帝》Langston Hughes 兰斯顿·休斯the poet laureate of Harlem 黑人民族的桂冠诗人Most popular and versatile writer of the Harlem Renaissance 作品：The Weary Blues Fine Clothes to the Jew Shakespeare in Harlem “Dreams”“A Dream Deferred” “I, Too” “Negro Speaks of Rivers”。
美国文学史习题
I.Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items.(10x 1’= 10’)1.In American literature, the 18th century was the age of Enlightenment. ____2.The short story “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”is taken from Irving’s3.4.The short story “Rip Van Winkle” reveals the __ attitude of its author.5.Stylistically, Henry James’ fiction is characterized by ___.6.7.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?8.____ is considered Mark Twain’s greatest achievement.9.___ is not among those greatest figures in “Lost Generation”.10.Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing beesII.Multiple choice. Please choose the best answer among the four items.(10 x 1’= 10’)14.Which of following is NOT a typical feature of Mark Twain’s language?From Thoreau’s jail experience, came his famous essay, _____ which stateshis belief that no man should violate his conscience at the mand of agovernment.A. WaldenB. NatureC. Civil DisobedienceD. mon Sense16.Which is regarded as the “Declaration of Intellectual Independence”?17.Most of the poems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass sing of the “en-mass”19.Naturalism is evolved from realism when the author’s tone in writing bees20.For Melville, as well as for the reader and ____, the narrator, Moby Dick is stillII. Identify Works as Described Below (1’×15=15’):1.The novel has a sole black protagonist who tells his own story but whose namein unknown to us.a.Native Sonb.Uncle Tom’s Cabinc.Invisible Mand. Go Tell It onthe Mountains2.The main conflict of the play is the protagonist’s false value of fineappearance and popularity with people and the cruel reality of the society in which money is everything.a.A Street Car Named Desireb. The Hairy Apec.Long Day’s Journeyinto Nightd. Death of Salesman3.It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on theplaywright himself.a. Long Day’s Journey into Nightb. Henderson the Rain Kingc. The Hairy Aped. The Glass Menageries4.The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident and howthe society is responsible for the murder.a.Native Sonb.Uncle Tom’s Cabinc.Invisible Mand. Go Tell It onthe Mountains5._________ is one of the best works in American literature about the SecondWorld War.a.A Farewell to Armsb.The Catcher in the Ryec.The Red Badge ofCourage d. The Naked and the Dead6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.a.A Farewell to Armsb.The Sun Also Risesc.The Old Man and the Sead. The Naked and the Dead7.The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma andtravel to California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.a.T he Grapes of Wrathb. U.S. A.c.Babbittd. The Adventures of Augie March8.It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel, 1919, and The Big Money, with suchtechniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.a.B abbittb. Light in Augustc. U.S.A.d. The Grapes of Wrath9.It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and whosetitle is taken from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.a. Absolom, Absolom!b. The Sound and the Furyc.A Farewell to Armsd. The Great Gatsby10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and how she beesa famous actress and how her lover falls into a beggar and finally mitssuicide.a.An American Tragedyb. Sister Carriec.McTeagued.Maggie, A Girl of the Streets11.The novel is set on the Mississippi with the protagonist telling us the story inthe local dialect. It is a representative work of local colorism.a.Sister Carrieb.The Adventures of Tom Sawyerc.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnd.The Portrait of a Lady12.The novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming)’s reactions inthe Civil War.a.An American Tragedyb. Sister Carriec.The Red Badge of Couraged.McTeague13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of theuniversality and equality in value of all people and all things.a.Cantosb. The Ravenc.Song of Myselfd.Chicago14. The novel is about how a group of people on a whaling ship kill a great whalebut themselves are killed by the whale, with the conflict between man and his fate.a.The Octopusb. Moby-Dickc.The Rise of Silas Laphamd. Leaves of Grass15.It is a philosophical essay in 8 chapters plus an introduction mainly concernedwith the four uses of nature.a. Waldenb. Naturec.The Scarlet Letterd. The American ScholarI.Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following(1’×15=15’):1.An English ship brought 102 people from Plymouth, England on September 16, 1620 and arrived in the present Provincetown harbor on November 21 in the same year. This ship was named ____________.a. The Pilgrimsb. Mayflowerc. Americad. Titanic2._________ is father of American drama and in his dramatic career he wrote 49 plays.a. Tennessee Williamsb. Eugene O’Neillc. Arthur Millerd. Elmer Rice3._________ was the first American writer to write entirely American literature.a. Anne Bradstreetb. Washington Irvingc. Mark Twaind. Ernest Hemingway4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.a. Benjamin Franklinb. Washington Irvingc. Ralph Waldo Emersond. Henry David Thoreau5._______was the greatest woman poet in American literature and she wroteabout 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.a. Pearl S. Buckb.Harriet Bicher Stowec. Emily Dickensond. Walter Whitman6._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.a. Washington Irvingb. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. Walt Whitmand. Edgar Allan Poe7.William Dean Howells is concerned with the middle class life; ______ writes about the upper class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.a. Stephen Craneb. Frank Norrisc. Theodore Dreiserd. Henry James8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?a. William Dean Howellsb. Mark Twainc. Ernest Hemingwayd.Theodore Dreiser9. His writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language and deep thoughts. He is______.a. Ernest Hemingwayb. William Faulknerc. F. Scott Fitzgeraldd.Mark Twain10. He wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County in thedeep south. He is ______.a. William Faulknerb. John Steinbeckc. Ernest Hemingwayd. Mark Twain11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American Jews aremajor characters.a. Sinclair Lewisb. Saul Bellowc. Norman Mailerd. Jerome David Salinger12._________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.a. Anne Bradstreetb. Robert Frostc. H.D.d. Emily Dickinson13.________ is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.a. John Steinbeckb. William Faulknerc. Eugene O’Neilld. Arthur Miller14. He was the first black American to write a book about black life with greatimpact on the consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans. Who is he?a.Richard Wrightb. Harriet Beecher Stowec. Langston Hughesd.Ralph Ellison15. Hemingway wrote about American patriots in Europe whereas ________ wroteabout the Jazz age, life in American society.a.William Carlos Williamsb. William Faulknerc. John Steinbeckd. F. ScottFitzgeraldI.Choose the Best Answer for Each of the Following(1×15 %):2.The American Civil War broke out in 1861 between the Northern states and the South states, which are known respectively as the ______and the______.a. N, Sb. Revolutionaries, Reactionariesc. Union, Confederacyd. Slavery, Anti-Slavery2._____________was praised by the British as the “Tenth Muse in America”.a.Anne Bradstreetb. Edward Taylorc. Thomas Pained. Philip Freneau3.Mark Twain was a representative of ________ in American literature.a. transcendentalismb. naturalismc. local colorismd. imagism4. _______ was the leader of American transcendentalism.a. Benjamin Franklinb. Washington Irvingc. Ralph Waldo Emersond. Henry David Thoreau5.The greatest American poet and the first writer of free verse is ____________.a. Washington Irvingb.Ezra Poundc. Walt Whitmand. Emily Dickinson6._________ is father of the detective story and of psychoanalytic criticism.a. Washington Irvingb. Ralph Waldo Emersonc. Walt Whitmand. Edgar Allan Poe7.Henry James is concerned with the upper class life; ______ writes about the middle class society, and Mark Twain deals with the lower class reality.a. Stephen Craneb. Frank Norrisc. Theodore Dreiserd. William Dean Howells8. Which of the following is a naturalistic writer?a. William Dean Howellsb. Mark Twainc. Ernest Hemingwayd.Theodore Dreiser9. ________’s writings are characterized by simple, colloquial language anddeep thoughts.a. Ernest Hemingwayb. William Faulknerc. F. Scott Fitzgeraldd. Mark Twain10. ______ wrote 18 novels all set in Jefferson Town, Yoknapatwapha County inthe deep south. .a. William Faulknerb. John Steinbeckc. Ernest Hemingwayd. Mark Twain11. ________is Jewish in origin and in many of his novels the American Jews aremajor characters.a. Sinclair Lewisb. Saul Bellowc. Norman Mailerd. Jerome David Salinger12._________ is often regarded as the greatest American woman poet and she wrote over 1,700 short lyric poems in her life time.a. Anne Bradstreetb. Robert Frostc. H.D.d. Emily Dickinson13.________ is father of American drama and won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1936.a. John Steinbeckb. William Faulknerc. Eugene O’Neilld. Arthur Miller14. _______ was the first black American to write a book about black life withgreat impact on the consciousness of the nation and his masterpiece is one of the three classics about black Americans.b.Richard Wright b. Harriet Beecher Stowec. Langston Hughesd. Ralph Ellison15. ________ first used the “Jazz age”as the title of a collection of shortstoriesa. F. Scott Fitzgeraldb. William Faulknerc. John Steinbeckd. ErnestHemingwayII. Identify Works as Described Below (1×15 %):6.The play is about a stoker whose identity as a human being is not recognizedby his fellow human beings and who tries to find affinity with a monkey in the zoo and is finally killed by the animal.a. The Hairy Apeb. Henderson the Rain Kingc. Long Day’s Journey into Nightd. The Glass Menageries7.The protagonist in this play is a crippled girl named Amanda.a.A Street Car Named Desireb. The Hairy Apec.Long Day’s Journeyinto Nightd.The Glass Menageries8.The hero of this novel tells about his own story to us but his name is unknown.a.Native Sonb.Uncle Tom’s Cabinc.Invisible Mand. Go Tell It onthe Mountains4. It is an autobiographical play and Edmund in the play is based on the playwright himself.a. Long Day’s Journey into Nightb. Henderson the Rain Kingc. The Hairy Aped. The Glass Menageries5.The novel tells of how a black man kills a white woman by accident and howhe is finally arrested and tried and sentenced to death.a.Native Sonb.Uncle Tom’s Cabinc.Invisible Mand. Go Tell It onthe Mountains6._________ is one of the best works in American literature about the SecondWorld War.a.A Farewell to Armsb.The Catcher in the Ryec.The Red Badge ofCouraged. The Naked and the Dead6. The novel by Hemingway is the best of its kind about World War I.a.A Farewell to Armsb.The Sun Also Risesc.The Old Man and the Sead. The Naked and the Dead10.The novel is about how a family of farmers cannot survive in Oklahoma andtravel to California to seek a living and how they suffer hunger in California.b.The Grapes of Wrath b. U.S. A.c.Babbittd. The Adventures of Augie March11.It is a trilogy including The 42nd Parallel, 1919, and The Big Money, with suchtechniques as biographies, newsreels and camera eye.b.Babbitt b. Light in Augustc. U.S.A.d. The Grapes of Wrath12.It is a novel which uses the stream of consciousness technique and whosetitle is taken from Shakespeare’s Macbeth.a. Absolom, Absolom!b. The Sound and the Furyc.A Farewell to Armsd. The Great Gatsby10. It is a naturalistic work about how a country girl is seduced and elopes withHurstwood and how she bees a famous actress and how her lover falls into beggary and finally mits suicide.a.An American Tragedyb. Sister Carriec.McTeagued.Maggie, A Girl of the Streets11.It is a novel with 135 chapters plus an epilog; in it a group of people on awhaling ship kill a great whale but they themselves are killed by the whale in the end, except Ishmael the narrator who survives by adhering to a coffin.b.Sister Carrie b.The Adventures of Tom Sawyerc.Moby Dickd. The Portrait of a Lady12.The novel is a psychological study of a soldier (Henry Fleming)’s reactions inthe Civil War, in which wound is called the red badge which symbolizes courage.a.An American Tragedyb. Sister Carriec.The Red Badge of Couraged.McTeague13. The poem is written in free verse in 52 cantos with the theme of theuniversality and equality in value of all people and all things.a.Cantosb. The Ravenc.Song of Myselfd.Chicago14. The novel is about how a man falls economically and socially but who risesmorally because he gives up the opportunity to sell his factory to an English Syndicate, which would otherwise mean a ruin to that syndicate.a.The Octopusb. The Rise of Silas Laphamc. Moby-Dickd. Leaves of Grass15.It is a speech delivered at Harvard University. It is often hailed as the“declaration of intellectual independence” in America.a. The American Scholarb. Naturec.The Scarlet Letterd. WaldenII. Match the following(1×20%)A. Match Works with Their Authors1.Hugh Selwyn Mauberly2.Walden3. Autobiography4. The Scarlet Letter5.Leaves of Grass6.The Raven7. The Rise of Silas Lapham8. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer9. Long Day’s Journey into Night10. The Old Man and the Seaa.Mark Twainb. Ernest Hemingwayc. Eugene O’Neilld. William Dean Howellse. Edgar Allan Poef. Walt Whitmang. Nathaniel Hawthorneh. Benjamin Franklini.Henry David Thoreauj. Ezra Poundk.Thomas Jefferson l. T.S. EliotB. Match the Characters with the works in which they appear.1.Hester Prynne2.Mrs. Touchett3.Frederick Henry4.Benjy pson5.the Joads6.General Edward Cummings7.Holden Caulfield 7.Bigger Thomas8.Yank 9.Happya.The Portrait of a Ladyb. The Scarlet Letterc. The Hairy Aped. A Farewell to Armse.The Sound and the Furyf. The Grapes of Wrathg. The Naked and the Deadh. The Catcher in the Ryei. Native Sonj. Death of a Salesmank.Invisible Manl.Catch-22III. Match the following(1’×20=20’)A. Match works with their authors1.Nature2.Rip Van Winkle3. Nature4. The Scarlet Letter5.Leaves of Grass6.The Raven7. The Rise of Silas Lapham8. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn9. Cantos10. The Old Man and the Seaa.Ezra Poundb. Ernest Hemingwayc. Mark Twaind. William Dean Howellse. Edgar Allan Poef. Walt Whitmang. Nathaniel Hawthorneh. Ralph Waldo Emersoni.Washington Irvingj. Waldo Emersonk.T.S. Eliot l. Robert FrostB. Match characters with the works in which they appear.2.Captain Ahab and Starbuck 2.Isabel Archer3.Frederic Henry and Catherine4.Benjy pson5.the Joads6.General Edward Cummings7.Holden Caulfield 8.Bigger Thomas9.The Tyrones 10.Willy Lomana.The Portrait of a Ladyb. Moby-Dickc. Death of a Salesmand. A Farewell to Armse.The Sound and the Furyf. The Grapes of Wrathg. The Naked and the Dead h. The Catcher in the Ryei. Native Son j. Long Day’s Journey into Nightk.Absalom, Absalom l. The Old Man and the SeaV. Essay Questions (30%; c hoose only ONE of the following three topics and write a short essay of at least 300 words. Note: [1]Your essay should have at least 3 paragraphs; you are not simply to make a list of facts.[2] You may give a title to your essay, but you are required to indicate which of the 3 topics it belongs to.[3]You are not to write on a topic of your own.1.To the best of your knowledge, analyze and make ments onEmerson’sNature2.ment on any American poet you like.3.Analyze and/or ment on any one of the American novels or plays you haveread.V. Essay Questions (30%;c hoose only ONE of the following three topics and write a short essay of at least 300 words. Note: [1]Your essay should have at least 3 paragraphs; you are not simply to make a list of facts.[2] You may give atitle to your essay, but you are required to indicate which of the 3 topics it belongs to. [3]You are not to write on a topic of your own.)4.Make ments on an American novel we have discussed in this course.5.ment on an American poet.6.Describe how your knowledge of American literature is improved after takingthis course..IV. Please answer the following questions briefly. (2 x 10’ = 20’)1.Why do people think Franklin is the embodiment of American dream?2.What is “Lost Generation”?V. Discussion. (1 x 20’ = 20’)State your own interpretations of Hemingway’s iceberg theory of writing?IV. Please answer the following questions briefly. (2 x 10’ = 20’)3.What is Hawthorne’s style? Explain the style with examples.4.At the end of the 19th century, there were three fighters for Realism. Who arethey? What are their differences?________True or False. (10 x 2’= 20’)1. American literature is the oldest of all national literature.2. Thomas Jefferson was the only American to sign the 4 documents that created the US.3. All his literary life, Hawthorne seemed to be haunted by his sense of sin and evil.4. Most of the poems in Leaves of Grass are about human psychology.5. Hurstwood is a character in Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.6. Faulkner’s region was the Deep North, with its bitter history of slavery, civil war anddestruction.7. Placed in historical perspective, Howells is found lacking in qualities and depth. But anyhow he isa literary figure worthy of notice.8. Faulkner’s works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha Saga, “one connected story”.9. As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.10. Emily Dickinson expresses her deep love in the poem “Annabel Lee”.II. Decide whether the statements are True or False. (10 x 2’= 20’)1. Early in the 17th century, the English settlements in Virginia and began the main stream of what we recognize as the American national history.2. American Romantic writers avoided writing about nature, medieval legends and with supernatural elements.3. As a moral philosophy, transcendentalism was neither logical nor systematical.4. “Young Goodman Brown” wants to prove everyone possesses kindness in heart.5. Henry James was a realist in the same way as one views the realism of Twain or Howells.6. The American realists sought to describe the wide range of American experience and to present the subtleties of human personality.7. Frost’s concern with nature reflected his deep moral uncertainties.8. Faulkner’s works have been termed the Yoknapatawpha Saga, “one connected story”.9. Roger Chillingworth is a character in Dreiser’s An American Tragedy.10. After the Civil War, the Frontier was closing. Disillusionment and frustration were widely felt. What had been expected to be a “Golden Age” turned to be a “Gilded” one.。
About WD Howells
About W.D. HowellsWilliam Dean Howells (1837-1920), author,editor, and critic, was born on 1 March1837 in Martinsville, now Martin's Ferry,Ohio, the second son of eight children bornto Mary Dean Howells and William CooperHowells, a printer and publisher. As thefamily moved from town to town, includinga year-long residence at a utopiancommune in Eureka Mills, later describedin his New Leaf Mills(1913), Howellsworked as a typesetter and a printer'sapprentice, educating himself throughintensive reading and the study of Spanish,French, Latin, and German. After a term ascity editor of the Ohio State Journal in1858, Howells published poems, stories,and reviews in the Atlantic Monthly andother magazines.A longer work, his campaign biography forAbraham Lincoln, earned him enoughmoney to travel to New England and meet the great literary figures of theday-Nathaniel Hawthorne, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, James Russell Lowell, and Walt Whitman among them. Awarded the post of U. S. Consul to Venice in 1861 for his service to the Lincoln campaign, Howells lived in Italy for nearly four years. During his residence there, he married Elinor Mead Howells in 1862, and by 1872 the couple had three children: Winifred (b. 1863), John Mead (b. 1868), and Mildred (b. 1872).After leaving Venice, Howells became first the assistant editor (1866-71) and then the editor (1871-1881) of the Atlantic Monthly, a post that gave him enormous influence as an arbiter of American taste. Publishing work by authors such as Mark Twain and Henry James, both of whom would become personal friends, Howells became a proponent of American realism, and his defense of Henry James in an article for The Century (1882) provoked what was called the "Realism War," with writers on both sides of the Atlantic ocean debating the merits of realistic and romantic fiction. While writing the "Editor's Study" (1886-1892) and "Editor's Easy Chair" (1899-1909) for Harper's New Monthly Magazine and occasional pieces for The North American Review, Howells championed the work of many writers, including Emily Dickinson, Mary E. Wilkins Freeman, Hamlin Garland, Sarah Orne Jewett, Charles W. Chesnutt, Frank Norris, Paul Laurence Dunbar, Abraham Cahan, and Stephen Crane. He wasalso responsible for promoting such European authors as Ibsen, Zola, Pérez Galdós, Verga, and Tolstoy. Despite Howells's professional success, his personal life during this period was marred in 1889 by the premature death of his daughter Winifred, whose physical symptoms were misdiagnosed as resulting from a nervous disorder and were ineffectively treated.After the execution of the Haymarket radicals in 1887, which he risked his reputation to protest, Howells became increasingly concerned with social issues, as seen in stories such as "Editha" (1905) and novels concerned with race (An Imperative Duty, 1892), the problems of labor (Annie Kilburn, 1888), and professions for women (The Coast of Bohemia, 1893).Widely acknowledged during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as the "Dean of American Letters," Howells was elected the first president of the American Academy of Arts and Letters in 1908, which instituted its Howells Medal for Fiction in 1915. By the time of his death from pneumonia on 11 May 1920, Howells was still respected for his position in American literature. However, his later novels did not achieve the success of his early realistic work, and later authors such as Sinclair Lewis denounced Howells's fiction and his influence as being too genteel to represent the real America.Although he wrote over a hundred books in various genres, including novels, poems, literary criticism, plays, memoirs, and travel narratives, Howells is best known today for his realistic fiction, including A Modern Instance (1881), on the then-new topic of the social consequences of divorce; The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885), his best-known work and one of the first novels to study the American businessman; and A Hazard of New Fortunes (1890), an exploration of cosmopolitan life in New York City as seen through the eyes of Basil and Isabel March, the protagonists of Their Wedding Journey (1871) and other works. Other important novels include Dr. Breen's Practice, (1880), The Minister's Charge and Indian Summer (1886), April Hopes (1887), The Landlord at Lion's Head (1897), and The Son of Royal Langbrith (1904). Howells remained proud of his Ohio roots throughout his life, returning to Columbus for the Ohio Centennial Celebration in 1888 and visiting his home in Jefferson late into the 1890s. In the later part of his career, he drew increasingly on his life in Ohio in autobiographical works (A Boy's Town,1890) and novels (The Kentons, 1903). The legend of a man from Leatherwood Creek, Ohio, who convinces the people there that he is a god inspired one of Howells's last works, The Leatherwood God (1916).。
美国文学精华
美国文学精华HIGHLIGHTS OF AMERICAN LITERATURE目录Table Of Contents国家萌芽期National Beginnings第一章班杰明•富兰克林Benjamin Franklin(1706-1790)第二章华盛顿•欧文Washington Irving (1783-1859)第三章詹姆斯•费尼莫•库珀James Fenimore Cooper (1789-1851)第四章飞利浦•佛瑞诺Philip Freneau (1752-1832)第五章威廉•卡伦•布莱恩特William Cullen Bryant (1794-1878)第六章埃德加•爱伦坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809- 1849)第七章纳撒尼尔•霍桑Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)浪漫主义与理智判断Romanticism and Reason第八章拉尔夫•沃多•埃默森Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)第九章亨利•戴维梭罗Henry David Thoreau (1817-1862)第十章赫曼•梅维尔Herman Melville (1819-1891)第十一章亨利•卫兹伍•郎费罗Henry Wadsworth Longfellow (1807-1882) 第十二章华特•惠特曼Walt Whitman (1819-1892)第十三章爱蜜丽•迪克生Emily Dickinson (1830-1886)第十四章马克•吐温Mark Twain (1835-1910)第十五章史蒂芬•克莱恩Stephen Crane (1871 -1900)第十六章亨利•詹姆斯Henry James (1843-1916)美国短篇小说：19世纪的发展The American Short Story: 19th Century Developments第十七章安布鲁斯•毕尔斯Ambrose Bierce (1842-1914)第十八章史帝芬•克莱恩Stephen Crane (1871-1900)第十九章埃德加•爱伦坡Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)第二十章法兰克•史塔顿Frank R Stockton (1834-1902)现实与反应主义Realism and Reaction第二十一章西尔多•德莱塞Theodore Dreiser (1871-1945)第二十二章爱德恩•阿灵顿•罗宾森Edwin Arlington Robinson (1869-1935) 第二十三章卡尔•山博格Carl Sandburg (1878-1967)第二十四章辛克莱•刘易斯Sinclair Lewis (1885-1951)第二十五章亨利•门肯Henry L. Mencken (1880-1956)第二十六章史考特•费兹杰罗 F. Scott Fitzgerald (1886-1940)第二十七章约翰•史坦贝克John Steinback (1902-1968)散文与诗歌中的现代声音Modern Voices in Prose and Poetry第二十八章厄年斯特•海明威Ernest Hemingway第二十九章威廉•福克纳William Faulkner第三十章罗柏特•佛斯特Robert Frost第三十一章阿契博得•麦克列许Archibald MacLeish威廉•卡洛斯•威廉斯William Carlos Williams and 蓝斯顿•休斯Langston Hughes第三十二章凯瑟琳•安•波特Katherine Ann Porter第三十三章索尔•贝罗Saul Bellow第三十四章雷夫•艾利森Ralph Ellison第三十五章罗伯•罗威尔Robert Lowell西尔多•罗特克Theodore Roethke兰德尔．贾雷尔Randall Jarrell and 詹姆斯．赖特James Wright当代美国戏剧作品Modern American Drama第三十六章「回归尘土」Return to Dust第三十七章「其它的演员」The Other Player国家萌芽期National Beginnings美国早期的文学既非美国人所著也非真正的文学，这些著作不属于美国的原因就是因为它们都是从英国流传进来的。
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The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885)
The Rise of Silas Lapham is a novel written by William Dean Howells in 1885 about the materialistic rise of Silas Lapham from rags to riches, and his moral susceptibility 情 感 . Silas earns a fortune in the paint business, but he lacks social standards, which he tries to attain through his daughter's marriage to the aristocratic Corey family. Silas's morality does not fail him. He loses his money but makes the right moral decision when his partner proposes the unethical selling of the mills to English settlers.
William Dean Howells (1837-1920)
3. His Major Works: Novels: The Rise of Silas Lapham (1885) A Chance Acquaintance A Modern Instance (1882) The Minister’s Charge Annie Kilburn A Hazard of New Fortune (1890)
Howells‟s novels exemplify his principles of realism and achieve remarkable verisimilitude 逼 真 in their depiction of character and setting. From reading Howells one gets a real sense of what people thought, felt, and did in the late nineteen century, for his effects are achieved by a careful attention to ample, accurate detail and reasonable motivations. At the same time, one feels Howells‟ emphasis on the need for sympathy and moral integrity, and the need for different social classes to harmoniously adapt to their environment and to one another. In The Rise of Silas Lapham, we see Lapham keep his morality against bankruptcy and the Lapham and the Coreys trying to overcome their prejudice and come together.
William Dean Howells
1837-1920
I. The Age of Realism (1865-1910)
William Dean Howells (1837-1920) 1. Literary Status Dean of American literary Realism/ "the father of American Realism." Novelist, dramatist, poet, critic, journalist, editor (of Atlantic Monthly) He broke new grounds which led to the achievements of Mark Twain and Henry James. In Howells„ view, writing should be “simple, natural, and honest” and should not delve into钻研 "romantic exaggeration." 2. Life and Career the son of a journalist, born at Martin's Ferry, Ohio; adopted journalism as a profession, produced a popular Life of Lincoln, and from 1861 to 1865 was Consul at Venice; resuming journalism he became a contributor to the best American papers and magazines, and was for a number of years editor of the Atlantic Monthly and Harpers; as a well-known and popular novelist he is witty, graceful, and acute writing.
Biographical introduction
Born in a small town in Ohio, Howells was setting type in his father‟s printing office by the age of nine. He had little formal education but was schooled by life and wide reading. From 1856 to 1861, Howells worked for the Ohio State Journal. He wrote a campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln, for which he was rewarded with an appointment as U.S. consul in Venice. Back in America, he became assistant editor of the Atlantic Monthly in 1866 and editor-in-chief from 1871 to 1881. Resigning as editor of the Atlantic, he traveled in Europe and wrote novels, finally settling in New York in 1891.
Howells was a prolific, versatile and inf a century of American literary life. He not only wrote forty three novels and story collections, of which a handful have won a permanent place in American literature, but he was also an important editor and critic. Besides, he wrote a large number of plays, about ten travel books, several collections of poetry, several volumes of literary reminiscence回忆, sketches, and collected essays. Howell‟s chief importance today lies in his leading role as theoretician and practitioner in the movement toward literary realism.