Visual Interactive Modeling in a Java-based Hierarchical Modeling and Simulation System
director 11
director 11Director 11Director 11 is a powerful software tool used for creating interactive multimedia applications, games, and presentations. It is widely used in the entertainment and education industries for its versatility and ease of use. In this document, we will explore the features and capabilities of Director 11 and discuss its advantages in multimedia development.1. Introduction to Director 11Director 11 is a multimedia authoring tool developed by Adobe Systems. It allows developers to create engaging and interactive multimedia applications for various platforms, including desktop computers, web browsers, and mobile devices. With Director 11, developers can integrate video, audio, graphics, and animation into their projects, resulting in visually stunning and immersive experiences.2. Key Features of Director 112.1 Cross-Platform CompatibilityDirector 11 supports multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, and various web browsers. This flexibility enablesdevelopers to target a wide range of users and devices, ensuring their applications are accessible to a broad audience.2.2 3D Graphics and EffectsDirector 11 provides powerful 3D rendering capabilities, allowing developers to create realistic and compelling visuals. It supports industry-standard 3D file formats, enabling the import of 3D models created in popular 3D modeling software. Additionally, Director 11 includes built-in tools for creating custom shaders and applying advanced visual effects.2.3 Scripting and InteractivityDirector 11 supports multiple scripting languages, including Lingo, JavaScript, and VBScript. These scripting languages enable developers to add interactivity and functionality to their applications. With Director 11's scripting capabilities, developers can create rich interactions, handle user input, and control multimedia elements dynamically.2.4 Asset Management and Media IntegrationDirector 11 offers a comprehensive set of tools for managing and integrating media assets. It allows developers to import and organize various types of media files, such as images, audio, and video. Director 11 also provides powerful mediaplayback capabilities, enabling seamless integration of multimedia elements into applications.2.5 Publishing and DistributionDirector 11 provides options for publishing and distributing applications. Developers can create standalone executables for desktop platforms, embed applications into web browsers using browser plug-ins, or export projects as web applications. This flexibility ensures that applications built with Director 11 can be deployed and run on different systems.3. Advantages of Director 113.1 Rapid DevelopmentDirector 11 offers a visual interface that simplifies the process of creating multimedia applications. Its drag-and-drop functionality and intuitive timeline-based interface allow developers to prototype and build applications quickly. This rapid development capability is beneficial for projects with tight deadlines or frequent iterations.3.2 High PerformanceDirector 11 leverages hardware acceleration capabilities to deliver high-performance multimedia experiences. It takesadvantage of the underlying system's graphics processing unit (GPU) to render 2D and 3D graphics efficiently. This results in smooth animations, real-time video playback, and responsive user interactions.3.3 Extensive Plugin SupportDirector 11 supports a wide range of third-party plugins, allowing developers to extend its functionality. These plugins provide additional features and capabilities, such as advanced audio processing, data visualization, and integration with external devices. The extensive plugin support of Director 11 enables developers to enhance their applications further.3.4 Networking and ConnectivityDirector 11 includes networking capabilities that enable communication between applications and remote servers. It supports various network protocols, making it possible to create online multiplayer games, web-enabled applications, and real-time data streaming. This connectivity feature enhances the interactive and collaborative possibilities of Director 11 projects.4. ConclusionDirector 11 is a versatile and powerful software tool for creating interactive multimedia applications. Its extensive feature set, ease of use, and cross-platform compatibility make it an ideal choice for developers in the entertainment and education industries. Whether you are building games, presentations, or multimedia applications, Director 11 provides the tools and flexibility to bring your ideas to life.。
英语绘本教学实践性(3篇)
第1篇In the realm of language education, the use of English picture books has become increasingly popular due to their engaging narratives, vibrant illustrations, and pedagogical versatility. This article delves into the practical aspects of implementing English picture book teaching strategies in the classroom, offering insights into how educators can effectively utilize these resources to enhance language learning experiences.Understanding the Purpose of Picture Books in English Language TeachingBefore delving into the practical aspects of teaching with English picture books, it is essential to understand their role in language acquisition. Picture books serve multiple purposes:1. Vocabulary Building: They introduce new vocabulary in a context-rich environment, making it easier for learners to understand and remember words.2. Grammar Practice: Through the narrative, learners can observe and practice grammatical structures naturally.3. Cultural Insight: Picture books often reflect cultural norms and values, providing learners with a glimpse into the target language culture.4. Literacy Development: They encourage reading and storytelling skills, fostering a love for books and literature.Practical Steps for Implementing English Picture Book Teaching1. Selecting the Right Picture Books:- Choose books that are age-appropriate and align with the learners' language proficiency.- Consider the thematic content and how it relates to the curriculum objectives.- Look for books with engaging illustrations that complement the text.2. Reading Aloud and Modeling Language Use:- Read the book aloud with enthusiasm and expression to captivate the learners' attention.- Model correct pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm to enhance listening skills.- Pause at strategic points to ask questions or discuss the story.3. Interactive Storytelling:- Encourage learners to predict outcomes or events in the story.- Use puppets, props, or even costumes to bring characters to life.- Engage in choral reading or partner reading to foster teamwork and fluency.4. Vocabulary Activities:- Use flashcards or word boards to introduce new vocabulary.- Create word banks or glossaries for students to refer to during or after reading.- Incorporate vocabulary into games or activities that reinforce meaning and usage.5. Grammar and Structure Practice:- Identify grammatical structures present in the text and discuss them with the learners.- Create simple activities or exercises to practice these structures.- Use the book as a springboard for more complex language tasks.6. Cultural and Literacy Activities:- Discuss the cultural context of the story and its relevance to the learners' own culture.- Engage in activities that promote literacy skills, such as making predictions, summarizing, or sequencing events.- Encourage creative writing or storytelling based on the book's theme.7. Assessment and Feedback:- Monitor learners' comprehension through observations, questioning, and informal assessments.- Provide constructive feedback to reinforce positive learning experiences and address areas for improvement.- Use formative assessments to adjust teaching strategies as needed.8. Reflective Practice:- Reflect on the effectiveness of using English picture books in the classroom.- Seek feedback from learners to understand their preferences and learning outcomes.- Continuously update and expand your repertoire of picture books to keep the lessons fresh and engaging.ConclusionThe practical application of English picture book teaching involves a careful selection of materials, interactive reading strategies, and meaningful activities that cater to the diverse needs of learners. By incorporating these strategies into the classroom, educators can create a dynamic and engaging learning environment that not only enhances language skills but also fosters a lifelong love for reading and learning.第2篇Abstract:This paper presents a practical approach to teaching English through picture books. It discusses the importance of using picture books in language learning, outlines the benefits, and provides a step-by-step guide on how to implement this method effectively in the classroom. The paper also includes case studies and reflective practices to enhance the teaching experience.Introduction:Picture books have long been a cherished part of children's literature, offering a rich blend of images and text that can captivate young learners. In recent years, the use of picture books in English language teaching has gained momentum due to their potential to engage students, foster language acquisition, and develop critical thinking skills. This paper aims to explore the practical aspects of integrating picture books into English language teaching and provide educators with a comprehensive guide to maximize their benefits.The Importance of Using Picture Books in Language Learning:1. Visual Aids: Picture books provide visual aids that can help learners understand new vocabulary and concepts more easily.2. Engagement: The combination of images and text can make learning more enjoyable and engaging for students.3. Language Development: Picture books expose learners to a variety of language structures, including sentence patterns, vocabulary, and phonological awareness.4. Cultural Exposure: Through diverse stories, picture books can introduce students to different cultures and perspectives.5. Empathy and Emotional Intelligence: Many picture books address themes that encourage empathy and emotional intelligence in children.Benefits of Using Picture Books in English Language Teaching:1. Enhanced Comprehension: The use of images can enhance comprehension and retention of the text.2. Vocabulary Expansion: Picture books introduce new words and phrasesin a context-rich environment.3. Reading Skills: Regular exposure to picture books can improve reading fluency and comprehension.4. Creative Thinking: The imaginative elements of picture books can stimulate creative thinking and problem-solving skills.5. Personal Connection: Students can connect with characters and stories, making learning more meaningful.Practical Steps for Implementing Picture Book Teaching:1. Selecting Appropriate Books: Choose books that are age-appropriate, culturally relevant, and aligned with the curriculum goals.2. Introducing the Book: Begin by showing the cover and discussing the title and author. Encourage students to make predictions about the story.3. Reading the Story: Read the story aloud, emphasizing expressions and intonation to engage the students. Pause to discuss unfamiliar words or concepts.4. Interactive Activities: After reading, engage students in activities such as retelling the story, drawing scenes, or creating dialogue forthe characters.5. Vocabulary Building: Use the story to introduce new vocabulary and practice it through games, flashcards, or role-playing.6. Reflective Practices: Encourage students to reflect on the story and its themes, either through writing or group discussions.Case Study:In a primary school classroom, the teacher decided to use a picture book titled "The Gruffalo" to teach vocabulary and storytelling skills. After reading the story, the teacher divided the class into small groups and asked each group to create a new ending for the story. The students were excited to participate and came up with creative and imaginative endings.This activity not only reinforced the vocabulary learned from the book but also encouraged creative thinking and collaboration.Reflective Practices:1. Teacher Reflection: After each lesson, teachers should reflect on the effectiveness of the activities and adjust their approach accordingly.2. Student Feedback: Gather feedback from students to understand their preferences and areas for improvement.3. Collaboration with Colleagues: Share experiences and ideas withfellow educators to enhance teaching practices.Conclusion:Using picture books in English language teaching offers a practical and engaging approach to language acquisition. By following the outlined steps and incorporating reflective practices, educators can create a dynamic and effective learning environment that fosters language skills and personal growth. Embracing the power of picture books in the classroom can lead to improved learning outcomes and a deeper appreciation for the joys of reading and storytelling.第3篇Introduction:Picture books are an excellent tool for language learning, especially in the context of English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This essay presents a practical approach to English picture book teaching, focusing on the integration of various teaching strategies and activities that can enhance the learning experience for students of different ages and proficiency levels.I. Introduction to Picture Book Teaching1. Definition of Picture BooksPicture books are books that primarily use illustrations to tell a story, accompanied by text. They are designed to be visually engaging and canbe used to develop language skills, comprehension, and literacy.2. Importance of Picture Books in English Teaching- Enhance vocabulary acquisition- Improve reading comprehension- Develop critical thinking skills- Promote cultural understanding- Engage students in language learningII. Pre-Teaching Activities1. Familiarize Students with the TopicBefore introducing a new picture book, it is essential to familiarize students with the topic. This can be done through discussions, videos,or related activities that will create a context for the story.2. Vocabulary Pre-teachingIdentify key vocabulary from the picture book and introduce them to students. Use flashcards, word walls, or games to help students memorize and understand the new words.III. During the Teaching Process1. Introduction to the BookBegin by sharing the title and author of the picture book. Discuss the cover illustration and make predictions about the story.2. Reading the StoryRead the story aloud, ensuring that the intonation and expression convey the emotions and atmosphere of the story. Encourage students to follow along and ask questions if they encounter unfamiliar words.3. Interactive ActivitiesEngage students in interactive activities that complement the story. These activities may include:a. Story retelling: Have students retell the story in their own words or with the help of pictures.b. Discussion questions: Ask open-ended questions to promote critical thinking and comprehension.c. Vocabulary practice: Use the new vocabulary in different contexts, such as through games or role-playing activities.d. Art projects: Encourage students to create their own illustrations or drawings inspired by the story.4. AssessmentMonitor student participation and comprehension throughout the lesson. Use quizzes, exit tickets, or oral presentations to assess students' understanding of the story and new vocabulary.IV. Post-Teaching Activities1. ReflectionAfter completing the lesson, encourage students to reflect on their learning. This can be done through journal entries, group discussions, or presentations.2. Extension ActivitiesProvide additional activities that allow students to further explore the themes and vocabulary of the picture book. These activities may include:a. Reading related books: Introduce similar stories or books from the same author.b. Writing: Have students write their own story or a related activity based on the picture book.c. Research: Encourage students to research the topic or culture presented in the book.V. ConclusionA practical approach to English picture book teaching involves a combination of pre-teaching, interactive activities during the lesson, and post-teaching extension activities. By incorporating various teaching strategies and activities, teachers can create a dynamic and engaging learning environment that promotes language development, comprehension, and cultural understanding. Through the use of picture books, students can acquire English language skills while enjoying the beauty of storytelling.。
交互式动画英语作文
交互式动画英语作文Title: The Fascinating World of Interactive Animation。
In today's digital era, interactive animation has emerged as a captivating medium that blends artistry with technology to create immersive experiences for audiences worldwide. From video games to educational tools, interactive animations have revolutionized entertainment and learning. In this essay, we will delve into the diverse applications, technical aspects, and future prospects of interactive animation.To begin with, interactive animation encompasses a broad spectrum of mediums, including but not limited to video games, simulations, virtual reality, and augmented reality. These mediums engage users by allowing them to interact with the animated content, influencing the storyline, characters, or environment. For instance, in a video game, players can control characters and make decisions that affect the outcome of the game, providing asense of agency and immersion.One of the key technical aspects of interactive animation is interactivity itself, which is achieved through programming and user interface design. Developers utilize various programming languages such as C++, Java, or Python to create the underlying logic and mechanics of interactive animations. User interface design plays a crucial role in ensuring intuitive interactions, enabling users to navigate the animated environment seamlessly.Moreover, interactive animation often involves the use of advanced graphics and animation techniques to create visually stunning experiences. Techniques such as 3D modeling, rigging, and texturing are employed to bring characters and environments to life. Additionally, real-time rendering engines allow for dynamic lighting, shadows, and particle effects, enhancing the realism and immersion of interactive animations.Furthermore, interactive animations have become valuable tools in education, training, and simulation.Virtual reality simulations, for example, enable learners to explore complex concepts and environments in a safe and controlled setting. Medical students can practice surgical procedures, pilots can simulate flight scenarios, and engineers can visualize architectural designs, all through interactive animations.Looking ahead, the future of interactive animation holds immense potential for innovation and growth. With advancements in technology such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, and augmented reality, interactive animations are poised to become even more sophisticated and lifelike. Imagine AI-powered characters that can dynamically adapt to user interactions or augmented reality experiences that seamlessly blend virtual and physical worlds.In conclusion, interactive animation represents a dynamic fusion of art and technology that continues to captivate and inspire audiences worldwide. From immersive video games to educational simulations, interactive animations have redefined entertainment and learningexperiences. As technology continues to evolve, the possibilities for interactive animation are limitless, promising an exciting future ahead.。
Labview图形化编程语言中英文对照外文翻译文献
Labview图形化编程语⾔中英⽂对照外⽂翻译⽂献中英⽂资料外⽂翻译National Instruments LabVIEW: A Programming Environment for Laboratory Automation and Measurement .National Instruments LabVIEW is a graphical programming language that has its roots in automation control and data acquisition. Its graphical representation, similar to a process flow diagram, was created to provide an intuitive programming environment for scientists and engineers. The language has matured over the last 20 years to become a general purpose programming environment. LabVIEW has several key features which make it a good choice in an automation environment. These include simple network communication, turnkey implementation of common communication protocols (RS232, GPIB, etc.), powerful toolsets for process control and data fitting, fast and easy user interface construction, and an efficient code execution environment. We discuss the merits of the language and provide an example application suite written in-house which is used in integrating and controlling automation platforms.Keywords: NI LabVIEW; graphical programming; system integration; instrument control; component based architecture; robotics; automation; static scheduling; dynamic scheduling; databaseIntroductionCytokinetics is a biopharmaceutical company focused on the discovery of small molecule therapeutics that target the cytoskeleton. Since inception we have developed a robust technology infrastructure to support our drug discovery efforts. The infrastructure provides capacity to screen millions of compounds per year in tests ranging from multiprotein biochemical assays that mimic biological function to automated image-based cellular assays with phenotypic readouts. The requirements for processing these numbers and diversity of assays have mandated deployment of multiple integrated automation systems. For example, we have several platforms for biochemical screening, systems for live cell processing, automated microscopy systems, and an automated compound storage and retrieval system. Each in-house integrated system is designed around a robotic arm and contains an optimal set of plate-processing peripherals (such as pipetting devices, plate readers, and carousels) depending on its intended range of use. To create the most flexible, high performance, and cost-effective systems, we have taken the approach of building our own systems in-house. This has given us the ability to integrate the most appropriate hardware and software solutions regardless of whether they are purchased from a vendor or engineered de novo, and hence we can rapidly modify systems as assay requirements change.To maximize platform consistency and modularity, each of our 10 automated platforms is controlled by a common, distributed application suite that we developed using National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW. This application suite described in detail below, enables our end users to create and manage their own process models (assayscripts) in a common modeling environment, to use these process models on any automation system with the required devices, and allows easy and rapid device reconfiguration. The platform is supported by a central Oracle database and can run either statically or dynamically scheduled processes.NI LabVIEW BackgroundLabVIEW, which stands for Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Engineering Workbench is a graphical programming language first released in 1986 by National Instruments (Austin, TX). LabVIEW implements a dataflow paradigm in which the code is not written, but rather drawn or represented graphically similar to a flowchart diagram Program execution follows connector wires linking processing nodes together. Each function or routine is stored as a virtual instrument (VI) having three main components: the front panel which is essentially a form containing inputs and controls and can be displayed at run time, a block diagram where the code is edited and represented graphically, and a connector pane which serves as an interface to the VI when it is imbedded as a sub-VI.The top panel (A) shows the front panel of the VI. Input data are passed through “Controls” which are shown to the left. Included here are number inputs, a file path box, and a general error propagation cluster. When the VI runs, the “Indicator”outputs on the right of the panel are populated with output data. In this example, data include numbers (both as scalar and array), a graph, and the output of the error cluster. In the bottom panel (B) the block diagram for the VI is shown. The outer case structure executes in the “No Error” case (VIs can make internal errors o r if called as a sub-VI the caller may propagate an error through the connector pane).Unlike most programming languages, LabVIEW compiles code as it is created thereby providing immediate syntactic and semantic feedback and reducing the time required for development and testing.2Writing code is as simple as dragging and droppingfunctions or VIs from a functions palette onto the block diagram within process structures (such as For Loops, or Case Structures) and wiring terminals (passing input values, or references). Unit testing is simplified because each function is separately encapsulated; input values can be set directly on the front panel without having to test the containing module or create a separate test harness. The functions that generate data take care of managing the storage for the data.NI LabVIEW supports multithreaded application design and executes code in an inherently parallel rather than sequential manner; as soon as a function or sub-VI receives all of its required inputs, it can begin execution. In Figure 1b, all the sub-VIs receive the array input simultaneously as soon as the For Loop is complete, and thus they execute in parallel. This is unique from a typical text-based environment where the control flows line by line within a function. When sequential execution is required, control flow can be enforced by use of structures such as Sequences, Events, or by chaining sub-VIs where output data from one VI is passed to the input of the next VI.Similar to most programming languages, LabVIEW supports all common data types such as integers, floats, strings, and clusters (structures) and can readily interface with external libraries, ActiveX components, and .NET framework. As shown in Figure 1b, each data type is graphically represented by wires of different colors and thickness. LabVIEW also supports common configuration management applications such as Visual SourceSafe making multideveloper projects reasonable to manage.Applications may be compiled as executables or as Dynamic Link Libraries (DLLs) that execute using a run-time engine similar to the Java Runtime Environment. The development environment provides a variety of debugging tools such as break-points, trace (trace), and single-step. Applications can be developed using a variety of design patterns such as Client-Server, Consumer-Producer, andState-Machine. There are also UML (Unified Modeling Language) modeling tools that allow automated generation of code from UML diagrams and state diagrams.Over the years, LabVIEW has matured into a general purpose programming language with a wider user base.NI LabVIEW as a Platform for Automation and InstrumentationOur experience creating benchtop instrumentation and integrated automation systems has validated our choice of LabVIEW as an appropriate tool. LabVIEW enables rapid development of functionally rich applications appropriate for both benchtop applications and larger integrated systems. On many occasions we have found that project requirements are initially ill defined or change as new measurements or new assays are developed.. There are several key features of the language that make it particularly useful in an automation environment for creating applications to control and integrate instrumentation, manage process flow, and enable data acquisition.Turnkey Measurement and Control FunctionLabVIEW was originally developed for scientists and engineers .The language includes a rich set of process control and data analysis functions as well as COM, .NET, and shared DLL support. Out of the box, it provides turnkey solutions to a variety of communication protocols including RS232, GPIB, and TCP/IP. Control structures such as timed While Loops allow synchronized and timed data acquisition from a variety of hardware interfaces such as PCI, USB, and PXI. DataSocket and VI ServerDeployment of an integrated system with multiple control computers requires the automation control application to communicate remotely with instrument drivers existing on remote computers. LabVIEW supports a distributed architecture by virtue of enabling seamless network communication through technologies such as VI Server and DSTP (data sockets transfer protocol). DSTP is an application layer protocol similar to http based on Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). Data sockets allow easy transfer of data between remote computers with basic read and write functions. Through VI server technology, function calls can be made to VIs residing on remote computers as though they are residing on the local computer. Both Datasockets and VI server can be configured to control accesses privileges.Simple User Interface (UI) ImplementationIn addition to common interface controls such as text boxes, menu rings, and check-boxes, LabVIEW provides a rich set of UI controls (switches, LEDs, gauges, array controls, etc.) that are pertinent to laboratory equipment. These have their origins in LabVIEWs laboratory roots and help in development of interfaces which give scientists a clear understanding of a system's state. LabVIEW supports UI concepts including subpanels (similar to the Multiple Document Interface), splitter bars, and XControls (analogous to OCX controls).Multithreaded Programming EnvironmentThe inherent parallel environment of LabVIEW is extremely useful in the control of laboratory equipment. Functions can have multiple continuous While Loops where one loop is acquiring data rapidly and the other loop processes the data at a much slower rate. Implementing such a paradigm in other languages requires triggering an independent function thread for each process and developing logic to manage synchronization. Through timed While Loops, multiple independent While Loops can be easily synchronized to process at a desired period and phase relative to one another. LabVIEW allows invoking multiple instances of the same function witheach maintaining its own data space. For instance, we could drag many instances of the Mean sub-VI onto the block diagramin Figure 1b and they would all run in parallel, independent of one another. To synchronize or enforce control flow within the dataflow environment, LabVIEW also provides functions such as queues, semaphores, and notification functions.NI LabVIEW Application Example: The Open System Control Architecture (OSCAR)OSCAR is a LabVIEW-based (v7.1) automation integration framework and task execution engine designed and implemented at Cytokinetics to support application development for systems requiring robotic task management. OSCAR is organized around a centralized Oracle database which stores all instrumentation configuration information used to logically group devices together to create integrated systems (Fig. 2). The database also maintains Process Model information from which tasks and parameters required to run a particular process on a system can be generated and stored to the database. When a job is started, task order and parameter data are polled by the Execution Engine which marshals tasks to each device and updates task status in the database in real time. Maintaining and persisting task information for each system has two clear benefits. It allows easy job recovery in the event of a system error, and it also provides a process audit trail that can be useful for quality management and for troubleshooting process errors or problems.Each OSCAR component is distributed across the company intranet and communicates with a central database. Collections of physical devices controlled through OSCAR Instrument packages (OIP) make up systems. Users interact with systems through one of the several applications built on OSCAR. Each application calls the RTM which marshals tasks from the database to each OIP. OSCAR has sets of tools for managing system configurations, creating Process Models, monitoring running processes, recovering error-state systems, and managing plate inventory in storage devices.OSCAR uses a loosely coupled distributed component architecture, enabled in large part by LabVIEWs DSTP and remote VI technologies that allow system control to be extended beyond the confines of the traditional central control CPU model. Any networked computer or device can be integrated and controlled in an OSCAR system regardless of its physical location. This removes the proximity constraints of traditional integrated systems and allows for the utilization of remote data crunchers, devices, or even systems. The messaging paradigm used shares many similarities with current Service Oriented Architectures or Enterprise Service Bus implementations without a lot of required programming overhead or middleware; a centralized server is not required to direct the XML packets across the network. An additional benefit to this loosely coupled architecture is the flexibility in front-end application design. OSCAR encapsulates and manages all functionality related to task execution and device control, which frees the developer to focus on the unique requirements of a given application. For example, an application being created for the purpose of compound storage and retrieval can be limited in scope to requirements such as inventory management and LIMS integration rather than device control, resource allocation, and task synchronization.The OSCAR integration framework consists of multiple components that enable device and system configuration, process modeling, process execution, and process monitoring. Below are descriptions of key components of the framework. Integration PlatformThe Oscar Instrument Package (OIP) is the low level control component responsible for communicating with individual devices. It can support any number of devices on a system (including multiple independent instances of the same type of device) and communicates to the Runtime Manager (RTM) via serialized XMLstrings over DSTP. This allows the device controller and RTM components to exist on separate networked computers if necessary. Additionally, the OIP controller communicates with a device instance via LabVIEW remote VI calls which provide a lower level of distribution and allow the device drivers to exist on a separate networked computer from the controller. At Cytokinetics, we currently support approximately 100 device instances of 30 device types which are distributed across 10 integrated systems.System ManagementAn OSCAR system is a named collection of device instances which is logically represented in the database. The interface for each device (commands and parameters) is stored in the database along with the configuration settings for each device instance (i.e., COM port, capacity). The System Manager component provides the functionality to easily manipulate this information (given appropriate permissions). When a physical device is moved from one system to another, or a processing bottleneck alleviated by addition of another similar device, system configuration information is changed without affecting the processes that may be run on the system.Process ModelingA process model is the logical progression of a sequence of tasks. For example, a biochemical assay might include the following steps (1) remove plate from incubator, (2) move plate to pipettor, (3) add reagent, (4) move plate to fluorescent reader, (5) read plate, and (6) move plate to waste. The Process Modeler component allows the end user to choose functions associated with devices and organize them into a sequence of logical tasks. The resulting process model is then scheduled via a static schedule optimization algorithm or saved for dynamic execution (Fig. 3). Aprocess model is not associated with a physical system, but rather a required collection of devices. This has two importantbenefits: (1) the scientist is free to experiment with virtual system configurations to optimize the design of a future system or the reconfiguration of an existing system, and (2) any existing process model can be executed on any system equipped with the appropriate resources.The top panel (A) shows the Process Schedule Modeler, an application that graphically displays statically scheduled processes. Each horizontal band represents a task group which is the collection of required tasks used by a process; tasks are color coded by device. The bottom panel (B) shows the UI from the Automated Imaging System application. The tree structure depicts the job hierarchy for an imaging run. Jobs (here AIS_Retrieval and AIS_Imaging) are composed of task groups. As the systems runs, the tasks in the task group are executed and their status is updated in the database.Process ExecutionProcess execution occurs by invoking the OSCAR RTM. The RTM is capable of running multiple differing processes on a system at the same time allowing multiple job types to be run in parallel. The RTM has an application programming interface (API) which allows external applications to invoke its functionality and consists of two main components, the Task Generator Module (TGM) and the Execution Engine. External applications invoke an instance of a Process Model through the TGM at which point a set of tasks and task parameters are populated in the OSCAR database. The Execution Engine continually monitors the database for valid tasks and if a valid task is found it is sent to the appropriate device via the OIP. The OSCAR system supports running these jobs in either a static or dynamic mode. For processes which must meet strict time constraints (often due to assay requirements), or require the availability of a given resource, a static schedule is calculated and stored for reuse.The system is capable of optimizing the schedule based on actual task operation times (stored in the database).Other types of unconstrained processes benefit more from a dynamic mode of operation where events trigger the progress of task execution as resources become available in real-time. When operating dynamically, intelligent queuing of tasks among multiple jobs allows optimal use of resources minimizing execution time while allowing for robust error handling.Process MonitoringAll systems and jobs can be monitored remotely by a distributed application known as the Process Monitor. This application allows multiple users to monitor active jobs across all systems for status and faults and provides email notification for fault situations.ConclusionCytokinetics has built and maintains an automation software infrastructure using NI LabVIEW. The language has proven to be a powerful tool to create both rapid prototype applications as well as an entire framework for system integration and process execution. LabVIEW's roots in measurement instrumentation and seamless network communication protocols have allowed systems to be deployed containing multiple control computers linked only via the network. The language continues to evolve and improve as a general purpose programming language and develop a broad user base.。
毕业论文外文翻译--虚拟现实技术的发展过程及研究现状（适用于毕业论文外文翻译+中英文对照）
虚拟现实技术的发展过程及研究现状虚拟现实技术是近年来发展最快的技术之一，它与多媒体技术、网络技术并称为三大前景最好的计算机技术。
与其他高新技术一样，客观需求是虚拟现实技术发展的动力。
近年来，在仿真建模、计算机设计、可视化计算、遥控机器人等领域，提出了一个共同的需求，即建立一个比现有计算机系统更为直观的输入输出系统，成为能与各种船感器相联、更为友好的人机界面、人能沉浸其中、超越其上、进出自如、交互作用的多维化信息环境。
VR技术是人工智能、计算机图形学、人机接口技术、多媒体技术、网络技术、并行计算技术等多种技术的集成。
它是一种有效的模拟人在自然环境中视听、动等行为的高级人机交互技术。
虚拟现实(Virtual Reality )：是一种最有效的模拟人在自然环境中视、听、动等行为的高级人机交互技术，是综合计算机图形技术、多媒体技术、并行实时计算技术、人工智能、仿真技术等多种学科而发展起来的20世纪90年代计算机领域的最新技术。
VR以模拟方式为使用者创造一个实时反映实体对象变化与相互作用的三维图像世界，在视、听、触、嗅等感知行为的逼真体验中，使参与者可直接探索虚拟对象在所处环境中的作用和变化；仿佛置身于虚拟的现实世界中，产生沉浸感(immersive)、想象(imaginative和实现交互性interactive) 。
VR技术的每一步都是围绕这三个特征而前进的。
这三个特征为沉浸特征、交互特征和构想特征。
这三个重要特征用以区别相邻近的技术，如多媒体技术、计算机可视化技术沉浸特征，即在VR提供的虚拟世界中，使用户能感觉到是真实的进入了一个客观世界；交互特征，要求用户能用人类熟悉的方式对虚拟环境中的实体进行观察和操纵；构想特征：即“从定性和定量综合集成环境中得到感性和理性的认识：从而化概念和萌发新意”。
1.VR技术发展的三个阶段VR技术的发展大致可分为三个阶段：20世纪50年代至70年代VR技术的准备阶段；80年代初80年代中期，是VR 技术系统化、开始走出实验室进入实际应用的阶段；80年代末至90年代初，是VR技术迅猛发展的阶段。
网络建模和可视化平台基于Moodle和Mxgraph用户指南说明书
Network Modeling and Visualization Platform based onMoodle and MxgraphFang-jian He, Xiao-pan Zhang, Xiao-yan MaSchool of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, ChinAbstract - For the model of learning, Most of the information of relevant professional beginners are difficult to adapt to the training of the model structure. In the early learning students should focus on the cultivation of thinking structure, visual modeling study is conducive to the strengthening of the relevant professional structured learning and understanding. Nowadays Study on the visualization of teaching are few all over the world, Visualization technology is often manifested as data visualization, but the visualization model of image network still remain at the theoretical level. In order to meet the requirements of teaching at present, we design and build the network platform of visual modeling training. Take advantage of the network script language, Moodle and Mxgraph, which have the correlation of modelling, the platform is developed in the server environment. The modeling steps platform record students, in order to guide the development of structured programming thinking, to help the designer to master and practice model.Index Terms - Modeling and visualization, structured, network platformIn the teaching process, we should strengthen students' understanding of the model[1]. In the absence of visual teaching aid. The main research field of visualization is the visualization of teaching of computer technology, where image express some abstract problems intuitively in Teaching, it is proposed the establishment of visual model in the teaching and training platform services. At the same time the single teaching method makes students lack of clarity on the teaching requirements, which did not issue a structured way of thinking to think. Using modeling ideology teaching visualization helps to stimulate students' interest and understand the course content better. The main research field of visualization is the visualization of teaching of computer technology, where image express some abstract problems Intuitively in Teaching, it is proposed the establishment of visual model in the teaching and training platform services. Gene expression is the idea of the model, so implementation model visualization has important practical significance for modern teaching. Teaching visualization helps teachers improve teaching efficiency, which helps students understand what they have learned to master the curriculum.1.The Demand of Modeling and Visualization PlatformVisual thinking teaching appears in recent years, using visual tool for mining the potential of students’memory and imagination, Improving students' way of thinking, enhancing the efficiency of teaching research. Teaching modeling visualization is enhanced teaching and research of great significance，mainly for students to deepen their intuitive understanding of some models by rendering, but also to learn how to use the model to solve the education problem.Combined with a variety of information, Modeling visualization can be summarized as abstract and difficult to describe things or relationships through a number of related data processing to make it intuitive, visualized. In the research on visualization modeling teaching, compared with the traditional teaching can be found that combined with the model of teaching can enable students to understand the teaching task. The students themselves establish the model, which also converts structure of thinking into the process of space structure, showing their reachability and topology. For example, in the programming process of learning, Visual training adds algorithms and modeling of two modules, letting beginners only need to draw the flow chart for the learning algorithm.2.The Network Framework of Model’s Visual PlatformThe rapid development of the technology of model’s visualization is based on the visualization technology of graphics, besides, visualization is the theory, method and technology of interactive processing by computer. Due to the high requirements of image, the teaching model is bound to get rid of the traditional teaching methods. Combining with the requirements of teaching curriculum, it is prevalent to establish teaching platforms which support interactive information. Visual learning need to display in the WEB platform. At the same time, as for the teaching management, the visual learn of WEB could provide the network teaching platform, which is convenient for evaluation, communication and monitoring of study. Besides, the popularity of the network makes the students can realize remote visualization modeling training in any place .As for as the establishment of the platform, we should consider that the important curriculum and experiment related professional integrated into this platform and Setting up several different professional courses on he platform.In view of the above content, we divide the whole system into six different levels of the following: curriculum management modular, task management modular, user course selection authentication modular, model establishment modular, data monitor and interact modular, structure query modular, frame as shown in Fig1.International Conference on Applied Social Science Research (ICASSR 2015)Fig.2. Platform Framework3. Establishment of Plantform EnvironmentA. Model Selection of Platform SoftwareWe usually use two software which responsible for teaching communicate platf orm’s establishment and the model of the plug-in support. It provides a data view at the time of containing the actual data. In JGraph products, Mxgraph is a graphical component which provides interface with web integrated. The client requires a Web server to provide the required documents, it can also run on the local file system. The background can be used to support the integrated of existing server language, so it is very friendly to the development.In consideration of the analysis of the component of model, the platform must also meet the course assignments, including task management modular and data monitor and interact modular. At the same time, the development of language of model plug-in and learning platform need to keep compatibility, so finally we select the current market popular teaching platform software Moodle to meet the needs of establishment of WEB visual modeling and learning platform. B. Moodle Learning Platformand Mxgraph Graphical TrainingMoodle[3] is an open-source Course Management System (CMS), also known as the Learning Management System (LMS) or Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), which has simple and elegant interface, so users can adjust interface and content according to the requirement at any time. The Moodle platform is a dynamic website program by the PHP scripting language, it is configured of the MySQL database supported by PHP, and it could be used to storage the data and file generated by the Moodle interface.The creation of graphics is by Mxgraph, which includes all the web[2] development language. Mxgraph client is a graphical component,and it can provide a interface of web integrated. Mxgraph has the architecture and graphics components of MVC, which has the same rules of JGraphthe, and it can be applied in a number of development. The clientcan realize localized operation, also is convenient to users to develop project alone.4. The Key Technology of Visualization Platform In the visual modeling training platform development process, the internal structure of the Moodle must be carried out to understand the, including the database and the module of data link. For example, the user who select the corresponding courses in the Moodle will enter into the corresponding modeling interface, and the operation is fed back to the establishment of the database, which also marks the link between two software. To achieve the overall visual programming training platform, it must be associated with Mxgraph and Moodle. Relationship in the user operation with reference to FIG. 2.Fig.2. flow chart of software operation platformA. Graphical Development Training Page in the MxgraphIn the Mxgraph, The menu bar and feature-rich tool make creating and editing simple graphics. However, the official demo given too much to call back url and Java code, it’s not easy to develop in the front page to connect Moodle. Written by JavaScript and built in the Tomcat server environment. The development of requirements is to refer to the corresponding component, the front page of the project Mxgraph should be met:1) Drag the icon to create a user model. There are mobile location, modify the size of the function.2) The above steps can be recorded in real time by the back-end database records. For the above requirements, the project on the local server for Mxgraph develop new homepage.In response to these requirements, the extraction of the core code of internal mxClient. Js can create a model. Then, Simple graphical configuration pull function that meets the basic requirements. To create a model of the type, according tothe different needs of different courses, it can be added in the model gallery.B.Monitoring Training Records by MoodleMoodle course modules not only provide support, this project requires the user has a monitoring operation on, that is user real-time monitoring and recording procedures. Monitoring records shall be, user adds a type of block diagram, or the user modifies a block diagram. User visualization and modeling in Mxgraph interface has been developed, in order for managers to understand their structure and thinking to create.With JavaScript, we can reconstruct the entire Mxgraph client to add some function, including adding, removing, changing or rearranging items on the page. When we want to change any module on the page. JavaScript needs access to the entrance of all the elements in the HTML document, which entrance along with the methods and properties to add, move, change or remove the HTML element, Is obtained through the document object model(DOM).C.Structure Analysis of Moodle and Mxgraph and theirInteractionThe first two has completed the creation of the Mxgraph model and the operation of the user record creation process. Then We need to establish the model to transfer to Moodle. And the database recording operation is also uploaded to the result. So what we need to achieve is data exchange between Mxgraph and Moodle. But the data in the Moodle will display where the front in the corresponding position has becoming the key of the platform’s development.The specific steps are provided by the user clicks on the link after elective operation. Table assign submission in the corresponding Mysql in the formation generate the corresponding value. Then the results of MVC model corresponding to the records generate in the online text field in the assign submission online text. At the same time, IP, time to submit homework and so on will be recorded. This text will be submitted in the Moodle view display operation.The technical scheme is able to complete the relationship and coordination between the two software, presents a complete WEB visualization programming training platform in the server set up after the completion.5.Moodle Operation Modular ManagementEasy to operate, to complete the development of the technology of Moodle and Mxgraph after the details of the treatment in the actual operation, the front end service platform forms a teaching system.Managers can create courses in Moodle, and publish the work that can be placed in the Mxgraph link. The information can be accepted by the users who select corresponding course. After the user selection in the MySQL assign submission database automatically appear in a record, recording the submission user ID and field operation number corresponding to the submission field in assign submission online text with the serial number. Finally, managers can give the score in the submitted after the operation. The score will be saved in the assign grades data sheet.So far, all the function modules of experimental teaching platform of visual modeling is the development and application. It is not only support the modeling of all kinds of teaching model, but also set up the framework of the platform of information processing, which is used for the analysis of the job submission. Managers judge from the record whether the user can independently accomplish the work directly or theft. It can be in the operation record inquiry knowing, which exceeds the completeness of traditional teaching that can have in the practical application.6.SummaryThe visualization platform for educational institutions or small laboratory provides a practical digital teaching, scientific research, management and service network platform. In addition, through the realization of the environment (including equipment, etc.), resources to the application (including teaching, learning, management, service and office), it construct a digital space based on the traditional campus. In the dimension of time and space to expand the real campus the traditional campus, the platform finally realizes the educational process information, so as to improve the management level and efficiency of the aim of education. AcknowledgmentsThe authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Practices Education System Improvement Project of Wuhan University of Technology.References[1]Zhiyuan Yuan, Xinqi Zheng, Lina Lv et al.. From design to digital model:A quantitative analysis approach to Garden Cities theory. EcologicalModelling, 2014, 289.[2]Kartik Kandadai Agaram. Prefetch mechanisms by application memoryaccess pattern. The University of Texas at Austin, 2007.[3]Zoran Vručinić,Aleksandar Janković,Milan Miladinovićet al..EVALUATION OF CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS WITH “STORE AND FORWARD”TELEDERMATOLOGY. Acta Medica Medianae, 2010, 49(4).[4]Chris Brunsdon, Lex Comber. Assessing the changing flowering date ofthe common lilac in North America: a random coefficient model approach. GeoInformatica, 2012, 16(4).[5]Qian Liu. Securing telehealth applications in a Web-based e-Healthportal. Concordia University (Canada), 2008.。
基于VRML.JAVA的可视化装配及其原型系统实现
第13卷增刊系统仿真学报 Vol. 13 Suppl. 2001年11月JOURNAL OF SYSTEM SIMULATION Nov. 2001 文章编号：1004-731X (2001) 0B-0586-03 基于VRML－JAVA的可视化装配及其原型系统实现朱正强1, 孔竞飞1, 吴介一1, 易红2（1东南大学CIMS中心, 南京 210096; 2东南大学机械工程系, 南京 210096） 摘 要：提出了一种新型的Web环境下3D交互仿真结构。
系统采用基于VRML－JAVA的虚拟现实技术，3D模型下载到客户端显示，复杂的运算和仿真在服务器上运行，这种方式可以提高系统的扩展性并降低对客户端软硬件条件的要求。
文中对该结构在可视化装配中的应用进行了研究并介绍了其中的关键技术以及原型系统的实现。
关键词： VRML；JAVA；装配；可视化；Web中图分类号：TP391.9 文献标识码：AVRML-JA V A Based Virtual Reality in Assembly VisualizationZHU Zheng-qiang1, KONG Jing-fei1, WU Jie-yi1, YI Hong2(1CIMS Education Center, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China;2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China)Abstract: A novel interactive 3D simulation system for Web based environments is presented. With the help ofVRML-JAVA based virtual reality technology, 3D visualization is executed on the client side and complex computationand simulation on the server side. The usage of this system in assembly visualization is discussed and the keytechnologies are stressed. The prototype of this system is also presented.Keywords: VRML; JAVA; assembly; visualization; WebVRML（Virtual Reality Modeling Language）是一种用于通过World Wide Web发布三维模型并允许用户使用带有插件的普通浏览器对三维物体进行浏览的国际标准。
AIStation 人工智能平台用户指南说明书
Artificial intelligence development platformRelease AI computing power, accelerate intelligent evolutionAI&HPCAIStation -Artificial Intelligence PlatformUser DataUtilizationTraining40%→80%2 days →4 hrs.Telecom FinanceMedicalManuf.Trans.Internet Development & TrainingDeployment & InferenceDeployment2 days →5 minDataModelServingLaptopMobileIndustryRobotIoTPyTorch Caffe MxNetPaddlePaddle TensorFlow ImportPre-processing accelerationTraining Visualization Hyper-para. tuningOn-demandAuto sched.OptimizationJupyter WebShell PipelineData mgnt computing resources Dev. ToolsModelTensorFlow ServingTensorRT Inference Server PyTorch Inference ServerServingDeployingDev. Tools PipelineData processing RecommendationsystemCV NLPScenarioOn-demand Auto sched.Optimization"Efficiency" has become a bottleneck restricting the development of enterprise AI businesspycharmjupyterVstudiosublime70%50%70%Data security issuesInefficient collaborative developmentLack of centralized data management Low resource utilizationInconvenient for large-scale trainingDecentralized Resource Management Lack of synergy in R&D, slow business responseR&D lacks a unified processAIStation –Artificial intelligence development platformTensorflow Pytorch Paddle Caffe MXNetAIStation Integrated development platformModel DevelopmentBuild environment Model Debugging Model OptimizationModel Deployment Model Loading Service DeploymentAPI ServiceModel Training Task Queuing Distributed Training Visual AnalysisAI computing resourcesTraining samplesApplication stackCPU GPUNFS BeeGFS HDFSComputing Resource Pooling User Quota management Utilizing GPU usagePool schedulingData accelerationAutomated DDP trainingSSDResource poolData pooldata1data2data3node1node2node3data4data5Dataset managementData pre-loading Cached data managementSolving data IO bottleneck Accelerating large scale dataset transferring and model trainingLow threshold for DDP training Helping developers drive massive computing power to iteratively trainmodelsbatch2batch1batch0Data loadingbatch3BeeGFSwork2GPU serverworker1GPUserverworker0GPUserverwork3GPU ServerAIStation TensorFlowCustomized MPI operatorsHighlighted featuresSSDSSDGPU GPU GPU GPU GPUGPUGPUGPUGPU Cards MIG instancesResource PoolingUser QuotaUser QuotaA I St a t i o n d e ve l o p m e n t P l a t f o r m A rc h i te c t u reP100V100V100sA100A30… …Ethernet ClusterInfiniband ClusterRoCE ClusterStorageNFS 、BeeGFS 、Lustre 、HDFS 、Object StorageLinux OSNVIDIA driver package: GPU, Mallanox NIC, etcOperating SystemHardware ClusterNVIDIAGPU seriesMonitoringSchedulingGPU PluginOperatorKubernetes + dockerNetwork PluginSRIOV PluginMultus CNIData prep.Algorithm prototype TrainingTestResource Enginedata mgmtJupyterimage mgmtwebshell/ssh multi-instance visualizationquota mgmtresource mgmt deployment job workflowmgmt job lifecycleproject mgmtalgorithm mgmtmodel mgmt Report HAMulti-tenant System settingBusiness ManagementAuthenticationAPIsAI Application Development3rd or user-defined system integrationDeployment ModeComputing Nodes Storage ：SSD 2T-10TGPU ：8*V100Management network Ethernet @ 1/10Gbps IPMIEthernet @ 1GbpsManagement Node Storage size ：4T-100TCluster Size （10-80persons ）ManagerDeployment Mode （Larger Scale+HA ）Storage 100T-200TManagement network Ethernet @ 1/10Gbps IPMIEthernet @ 1Gbps Management Node 1*Main ，2*BackupCluster Size （10-80persons ）Computing NodesSSD 2T-10T 8*V100Computing NodesSSD 2T-10T 8*V100Manager...I00G EDR infiniband EDR@100GpsOne-stop service full-cycle management,Easy use for distributed trainingHelping developers drive massive computing powerto iteratively train modelsOne-stop AI Dev. platformAI framework AI ops tools GPU driver & Cuda GPUStandard interface for AI Chips Multiply AI Chips supportedHeterogeneousComprehensive resource using statisticsData security and access control Automatic faulty analysis and solutionsIntelligent maintenance & securityHighlighted featuresAIStationStandard and unifiedManagementPollingSchedulingCPU GPU FPGAASICA100A30A40V100MLU270MLU390Cloud AIC 100•Personal data isolation•Collaborative sharing of public data •Unified data set managementC e n t r a l i z e d d a t a m a n a g e m e n tf a c i l i t a t e c o l l a b o r a t i v e d e v e l o p m e n t •Dataset preloading •Data Affinity Scheduling•Local cache management strategyD a t a c a c h e a c c e l e r a t i o ne f f e c t i v e l y s o l v e I /O b o t t l e n e c k s AIStation –Data Synergy Acceleration•Data access control•Data security sandbox, anti-download •Multiple copies ensure secure data backupS e c u r i t y p o l i c yUser DataTraining SamplesSharing Data（NFS 、HDFS 、BeeGFS 、Cloud Storage ）D a t a M a n a g e m e n t ：M u l t i -s t o r a g e Sy s t e m•Support “main -node ”storage using mode ；•Unified access and data usage for NFS 、BeeGFS 、HDFS 、Lustre through UI;•Built-in NFS storage supports small file merger and transfer, optimizing the cache efficiency of massive small filesAIStationComputing PoolStorage extension （storage interface 、data exchange ）Data accelerationMain storageSSD+BeeGFSNode Storage（NFS ）Node Storage（HDFS ）Node Storage（Lustre ）Data exchangeGPU PoolAIStationUser01UserNcaffeTensorflowmxnetpytorchGPUGPU GPU GPU GPUGPUGPUGPUGPU GPU GPU GPU GPUGPUGPUGPUGPU GPU GPU GPU GPUGPUGPUGPUGPU GPU GPU GPU GPUGPUGPUGPUAIStation –Resource SchedulingR e s o u r c e a l l o c a t i o n m a n a g e m e n tUser GPU resource quota limit User storage quota limitResource partition: target users, resource usageF l e x i b l e r e s o u r c e s c h e d u l i n g•Network topology affinity scheduling •PCIE affinity scheduling•Device type affinity scheduling •GPU fine-grained distributionD y n a m i c s c h e d u l i n g•Allocate computing resources on demand •Automatically released when task completedG P U M a n a g e m e n t ：F i n e g r a n u l a r i t y G P U u s i n guser1user2user3user4user2481632123456GPU mem （G ）Time （H ）user1user2IdleIdle481632123456GPU mem （G ）Time （H ）GPU sharing scheduling policy based on CUDA to realize single-card GPU resource reuse and greatly improve computing resource utilization.Elastic sharing:Resources are allocated based on the number of tasks to be multiplexed.A single card supports a maximum of 64tasks to be multiplexed.Strict sharing:the GPU memory is isolated and allocated in any granularity (minimum:1GB).and resources are isolated based on thegraphics memory ；Flexible and convenient:user application to achieve "zero intrusion",easy application code migration ；S c h e d u l i n g w i t h M I G8 * A100 GPUsN V I D I A A100M I G s u p p o r t i n gUtilizing GPU usage• A single A100 GPU achieves up to 7x instance partitioning and up to56x performance on 8*A100 GPUs in Inspur NF5488A5;•Allocates appropriate computing power resources to tasks withdifferent load requirements.•Automatic MIG resource pool management, on-demand application,release after use;Convenient operation and maintenance•Set different sizes of pre-configured MIG instance templates.•Standard configuration UI for IT and DevOps team.•Simplify NVIDIA A100 utilization and resource management;56 *MIG instancesRe s o u rc e m a n a g e m e n t ：N U M A ba s e d s c h e d u l i n gKubeletResource management PluginInspur-DevicePluginGPUGPU topo scoreGPU resource updateGPU allocatingAIStation SchedulerGPU allocationAutomatically detects the topology of compute nodes and preferentially allocates CPU and GPU resources in the same NUMA group to a container to make full use of the communication bandwidth in the groupAIStation –Integrated AI training frameworkPrivate image library PublicimagelibraryinspurAIimagelibraryAI DevelopmentFrameworkAI Developmentcomponents and toolsGPU Driver anddevelopment libraryGPU computingresources◆Te n s o r f l o w,P y t o r c h,P a d d l e,C a f f e,M X N e t◆B u i l d a p r i v a t e w a r e h o u s e t o m a n a g et h e A I a p p l i c a t i o n s t a c k◆S u p p o r t i m a g e c r e a t i o n a n d e x t e r n a li m p o r t◆S u p p o r t o p e n s o u r c e r e p o s i t o r i e s s u c ha s N G C a n d D o c k e r H u b◆B u i l t-i n m a i n s t r e a m d e v e l o p m e n t t o o l sa n d s u p p o r t d o c k i n g w i t h l o c a l I D E•Built-in Jupyter and Shell tools •Support docking with local IDE •Support command line operationQuickly enterdevelopment mode•Allocate computing resources on demand•Quick creation through the interface•Rapid Copy Development EnvironmentRapid build Model Development Environment•Life cycle management •Real-time monitoring of resource performance•One-click submission of training tasksCentralized management of development environmentQuickly build development environment, focus on model developmentD e ve l o p m e n t P l a t f o r mJupyterWebShell本地IDEDevelopment PlatformDev. Platform StatusDevelopment environment instancemonitoring The development environment saves the imageS e c o n d l e v e l b u i l d•On –demand GPU ；•T ensorflow/MXNet/Pytorch/Caffe ；•Single-GPU, multi-GPU, distributed training ；•Flexible adjustment of resources on demand decouples the binding of runtime environment and computing power ；I n t e r a c t i v e m o d e l i n g •Jupyter / WebShell / IDE V i s u a l i z a t i o nT ensorBoard / Visdom / NetscopeF u l l c y c l e m a n a g e m e n t S t a t u smonitoring/Performance monitoring/Port password memoryImage save/copy expansion/start/delete etcVisualizationTensorboardVisdom NetscopeEnhanced affinity scheduling, optimized distributed scheduling strategy, multi-GPU training acceleration ratio can reach more than 90%.Optimized most of the code based on open source;Fixed a bug where workers and launchers could not start at the same time;Task status is more detailed.•Supports distributed training for mainstream frameworks•Provides one-page submission and command line submission of training tasks.M u l t i p l e w a y s t o s u p p o r t d i s t r i b u t e dQ u i c k s t a r t d i s t r i b u t i o nI m p r o v e c o m p u t i n g p e r f o r m a n c eDistributed task scheduling to speed up model trainingAIStation –Training ManagementAIStation –Resource MonitoringO v e r a l l M o n i t o r i n g•Usage status of cluster resources such as GPU, CPU, and storage •Computing node health and performance•User task status and resource usageR e s o u r c e U s a g e St a t i s t i c s•Cluster-level resource usage statistics•Cluster-level task scale statistics•User-level resource usage statistics•User-level task scale statisticsS y s t e m A l a r m•hardware malfunction•System health status•Computing resource utilizationM u l t i -te n a n t M a n a g e m e n tAIStationUserUser2User group1User group2Kubernetes Namespace1Namespace2Cluster resource ☐Supports an administrator -Tenant administrator -Common User organization structure. Tenant administrators can conveniently manage user members and services in user groups, while platformadministrators can restrict access to and use of resources and data in user groups.☐User authentication: LDAP as user authentication system, supporting third-party LDAP/NIS systems.☐Resource quotas control for users and user groups using K8S namespace.☐User operations: Users can be added, logged out, removed, and reset passwords in batches. Users can be enabled or disabled to download data and schedule urgent tasks.I n t e l l i g e n t p l a t f o r m o p e r a t i o n a n d m a i n t e n a n c eIntelligent diagnosis and recovery tool•Based on the existing cluster monitoring, alarm and statistics functions, the operation monitoring component is removed to support independent deployment and use;•Health monitoring: Obtain the status and list display (monitoring information and abnormal events display) of components (micro-services and NFS).•Abnormal repair: Based on the operation and maintenance experience of AIStation, automatic or manual repair of the sorted events such as interface timeout and service abnormalities (microservice restart and NFS remount);Intelligent fault toleranceSupports active and standby management node health monitoring, HA status monitoring, and smooth switchover between active and standby management nodes without affecting services. Monitors alarms forabnormal computenode resource usage toensure the smoothrunning of computenodes.In the event of a systemfailure, the training taskautomatically startssmooth migrationwithin 30 secondsMonitor the status ofkey services andabnormal warning toensure the smoothoperation of user coreservices.M a n a g e m e n t n o d e h i g h l y a v a i l a b l e C o m p u t i n g n o d eF a u l t t o l e r a n c eC r i t i c a l s e r v i c e sf a u l t t o l e r a n tTr a i n i n g m i s s i o nf a u l t t o l e r a n c eN o r t h b o u n d i n t e r f a c e•Secure, flexible, extensible northbound interface based on REST APIs.AIStationQuery URL Status Usages Performance status logs performance resultsReturn URL resource framework scripts dataset environment Login info performance resource framework dataset Return URL Query URL Query URL Return URL monitordeveloping training Computing resourcesDatasets Applications Caffe TensorFlow Pytorch Keras MXNet theanodata1data2data3data4data5AIStation product featuresFull AI business process support Integrated cluster management Efficient computing resource scheduling Data caching strategy reliable security mechanismsUse Case ：Automatic driveSolutions:•Increasing computing cluster resource utilization by 30% with efficient scheduler.•One-stop service full-cycle management,streamlined deployments.•Computing support, data management.Background ：•Widely serving the commercial vehicle and passenger vehiclefront loading market. •The company provides ADAS and ADS system products andsolutions, as well as high-performance intelligent visualperception system products required for intelligent driving.U s e C a s e ：c o m m u n i c a t i o n s te c h n o l o g y c o m pa n y•Quick deployment and distributed •GPU pooling •Huge files reading and training optimizationBackground•HD video conference and mobile conference are provided,and voice recognition and visual processing are the main scenarios.•Increased scale of sample data,distributed training deployment and management,a unified AI development platform is required to support the rapid development of service.ProblemsSolutions •Increasing size of dataset (~1.5T), distributed training;•GPU resource allocating automatically ；•Efficient and optimized management for the huge set of small files ；Use Case: Build One-Stop AI Workflow for Largest Excavator Manufacturer Revenue 15.7B$ExcavatorsPer Year 100,000+Factories 30+AIStation built one-stop AI workflow to connect cloud, edge,and localclusters; support 75 production systems.API Calls Per day 25 M QoS 0missper 10M calls Model Dev Cycle 2 weeks -> 3days Use AI to automate 90% production lines, double production capacity.SANY HEAVY INDUSTRY CO., LTDSANY CloudAIStationModel Dev &Training Inference ServiceSensor Data Data Download Realtime work condition analysis Inference API invoke Training Cluster Inference ClusterTraining Jobs InferenceServices200 * 5280M5 800 * T4, inference; 40* 5468M5 320 * V100, training。
虚拟现实场景漫游系统设计与实现说明书
3rd International Workshop on Materials Engineering and Computer Sciences (IWMECS 2018) Design and Implementation of Scene Roaming System Based on VRSaihua Xu a, Yin Xiaohong, Xie FangsenNanchang Institute of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330108, Chinaa ****************Keywords: VR; scene roaming system; computer graphics; information technology; panoramaAbstract: The biggest characteristic of VR virtual roaming is that the object being roamed exists objectively, but the form of roaming is virtual in a different place. At the same time, the making of roaming object is the real data based on object. Virtual reality technology is appeared at the end of twentieth Century a new comprehensive information technology, which combines digital image processing, computer graphics, multimedia technology, sensor technology and other information technology branch, which greatly promoted the development of the computer technology. The paper presents design and implementation of scene roaming system based on VR.1.IntroductionVR panorama has broad applications, such as tourist attractions, hotels, construction and real estate; decoration exhibition. In architectural design, real estate or decoration can be accomplished by panoramic panorama technology. Not only make up for the shortcomings of a single point of view renderings, and three-dimensional animation to the economical and practical, the best choice as a designer.The human in the pursuit of rapid economic growth, also requires a higher quality of life, the technology is playing a central role. Virtual simulation (VR) refers to a special environment generated by computer, people can through their "projection" to the environment. Use the special device and operation control of the environment, to achieve a specific purpose, which is to dominate this environment [1]. It has its immersive interactive (immersion), (interaction) and ideas (imagination), which can make people immersed, beyond its natural form, and, with the interactive performance of multidimensional the environment of information. Rapidly penetrated into all sectors of society, and has been used in computer aided design, engineering and scientific data visualization, 3D Geographic Information System (GIS), has been widely used in medical, gaming and entertainment.In recent years, China's Internet penetration rate increased year by year, the Internet is going into the life and work NIC< report "people's investigation showed that at home and units in the proportion of Internet users in 2009 has been significantly improved, 83.2% of Internet users choose the Internet at home, while 30.2% of people choose in units of the Internet network, the Internet as a tool for everyday the value is rising. Unlimited business opportunities in all walks of life came into being. With its sharp eyes have begun to explore their business opportunities on the Internet.Virtual reality technology (Virtual Reality, referred to as VR) as a new media technology, its application areas including real estate planning, architecture and landscape design, Home Furnishing art design, experience education, medical simulation, military simulation, security monitoring, network simulation, traffic planning, cultural relics and ancient complex, virtual tourism, games and entertainment, and will gradually be involved to all walks of life, the full depth of the public daily life learning, become an integral part of the future digital life technology pillar.Virtual reality, multimedia and network information technology for the protection of historical relics, provides new means and methods of restoration and research at home and abroad have been paid attention to. In early 1990s, the British Museum, the Metropolitan Museum and other large museum has realized the virtual roaming. In recent years, China with great development in digitalcultural relics related areas, the Ministry of education established the "University Digital Museum Construction Engineering, Dunhuang Research Institute and Northwestern University jointly launched the" digital Dunhuang murals cooperative research ", the Imperial Palace Museum and Toppan Printing Company has developed a virtual the Imperial Palace in Beijing. The bid for the 2008 Olympic Games also put forward the" Virtual Olympic Museum "creative, has aroused great interest and concern of the International Olympic Committee, which host provides great help to get China Help.The research on virtual reality technology in the collection shows the application of practical task, the use of virtualization, virtual exhibition cultural digital technology, improve the display rate and the display effect of cultural relics and cultural relics protection entities, and further extended to break the constraints of time, the museum's collection, collection, exhibition and cultural dissemination function.2. Interactive roaming system based on VRAccording to the connotation and essential characteristics of virtual reality technology, it can be seen that its research and development is a relatively high technical requirements, it needs a corresponding software and hardware system environment to be matched. In addition to the perfect virtual reality software development platform and three-dimensional image processing system, according to the technical characteristics of virtual reality [2]. The system also requires a highly lifelike three-dimensional immersion, which is mainly realized by three-dimensional hearing, three-dimensional tactile or force sense and visual environment with high immersion. Stereo hearing is usually realized by three-dimensional surround stereo sound system, while highly immersive visual environment is usually realized by large screen stereoscopic projection display system.In addition, according to the technical characteristics of virtual reality, real-time interaction is the soul of virtual reality technology, which is different from other traditional media technology in essence. In virtual reality system, this kind of interaction is usually realized by virtual reality interactive device, and finally a complete virtual reality realization system is formed.This article from the modeling and rendering of 3D MAX baking technology to 3D campus roaming system using mature VRP-BUILDER virtual reality editor module to build a two development.The development of 3D and the method of 3D simulation roaming system based on VRP technology, Wuzhou University (North) to build the virtual scene, automatic roaming, manual roaming Campus navigation path, view the scenery of the campus, the campus information query, climate effect, dynamic effect of various entities, and do a detailed route according to the collision detection. At the same time according to the characteristics of 3D simulation roaming, roaming in the automatic and manual roaming process, based on the existing scene as the foundation, through the video, pictures, music. To the virtual reality system; provide convenience for the need to understand the Wuzhou University campus geographic information users [3].()1,,1,0,mod )()(10,−=−≡∑−=N k N l k x h k w j L l i l j j (1) The modeling method of Polygon+NURBS advanced modeling, each model using simplified model to the three-dimensional virtual campus architecture; using Bitmap bitmap +UVW Mapping mapping, VRAY real scene rendering method for reduction of the campus; using Max-for-VRP derived plug-in model into VRP-BUILDER virtual reality editor module, adding collision detection algorithm, VRP realize man-machine command line scripts the interactive function, to ensure the practicality of the system; the use of walking camera, dynamic roaming increase real 3D performance, multi angle view school environment; running from virtual reality editor module is derived for the EXE portable can run the executable file system.According to the real terrain data is used for terrain generation of a class of the most, at presentmost of the digital terrain model (Digital Terrain Model, DTM) to generate DTM data, by the sampling elevation in the grid map the value composition corresponding to the remote sensing image data captured texture plane or satellite.The texture image is mapped to the corresponding part in the reconstruction of terrain surface. Terrain rendering algorithm is simple, the DTM cell transformation of 4 adjacent grid points defined into 2 dimensional space of the triangle, then the optic internal area of pyramidal all such triangles sent to the graphics pipeline drawing.This algorithm can also be the image texture data to the highest resolution mapped to the corresponding polygon, but this is a very inefficient, because in general, triangle and remote sensing images The number of physical pixels is very large, and each individual triangle projection to the image space is very small, and a lot of texture pixels may be compressed to a pixel in the image, so that the effect is negligible [4]. Therefore, if directly generated by DTM terrain, even in high performance graphics hardware platform on real-time rendering, it is almost impossible, usually needs to be simplified to DTM. Data simplification methods will be discussed in detail in the next chapter.The biggest characteristic of this kind of virtual roaming is that the object being roamed is already objective and real, but the form of roaming is only fictitious in different places and at the same time. Roaming object making is real data based on object. It creates a virtual information environment in multidimensional information space, which can make users feel immersive and have perfect interaction ability with environment. And it helps to enlighten the idea that VR has not only been focused on computer graphics, it has been involved in a wider range of fields, such as videoconferencing, network technology and distributed computing technology. Virtual reality technology has become an important means of new product design and development.3.Design of 3D VR scene roaming systemThe virtual scene simulation technology is regarded as an important branch of virtual scene technology. Computer technology, image processing and graphics generation technology, multimedia technology, information synthesis technology, the integrated use of display technology and other high technology, its components include simulation modeling technology, animation technology and real-time visual technology at present domestic virtual scene technology market has not yet substantial development, but also has begun to take shape [5].The United States is in the leading position in the field, the basic research mainly focuses on perception, user interface, the four aspects of software and hardware. NASA (NASA) research focused on real time simulation of space station operation, they used a lot for the cockpit flight simulation technology [6]. The University of North Carolina (UNC) the computer department developed a help users in complex visual parallel processing system for real-time dynamic display of building landscape.Figure1. vehicle real-time 3D visual simulation and virtual environment Massachusetts Institute of Technology (Mrr) in 1985 to set up a media lab, a man named BOLIOtest environment for different graphic simulation experiment. University of Washington Washington Technology Center (HIT Lab) Interface Technology Laboratory of feeling, perception, cognition and motion control ability of.DaveSimS et al developed a virtual reality model to see how the system operates retreat in Illinois.The State University developed in vehicle design, system realization, distributed virtual remote collaboration support in different countries; different regions of the engineers can design through real-time collaboration computer network. George Mason University developed in a dynamic virtual environment in real-time fluid simulation system [7]. The California Graduate School of Naval Research Laboratory of NPS visualization the work in the virtual environment navigation and simulation.In order to achieve IEEE in distributed interactive simulation (Dls) network protocol under the support of the vehicle real-time 3D visual simulation and virtual environment. The Wright Patterson Air Force Base "3D image and Computer Graphics Lab" is S on GI4D/400 workstation built space satellite the virtual environment to simulate near space and describe the 3D graphical model of satellite earth's orbit and the running state of the simulation The information of the simulation object is more fully [8].Virtual reality (Virtual Reality VR) technology is appeared at the end of twentieth Century a new comprehensive information technology, which combines digital image processing, computer graphics, multimedia technology, sensor technology and other information technology branch, which greatly promoted the development of computer technology.The virtual technology of virtual reality technology (King) (such as virtual tour entity and Virtual Museum) virtual environment (landscape) technology (such as the restoration of generation Epang palace, Old Summer Palace has lost the building, construction has not yet been discovered Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor) two categories. Application of virtual reality technology and cross field is very extensive. At present the successful use of the field of battlefield virtual reality technology the virtual reality simulation environment, combat command, aircraft, ship, vehicle virtual reality driving training, aircraft, missiles, ships and cars (virtual manufacturing virtual design system, including virtual reality construction) Display and visit of buildings, virtual reality surgery training, virtual reality game, virtual reality, film and television art, etc. so we can see that VR technology has strong market demand and technology drive [9].The construction of the integrated innovation of virtual reality system to realize the reconstruction of the product can be applied research and innovation training platform based on the overall goal is through the use of scientific, reasonable configuration, virtual laboratory system, the establishment of a virtual laboratory environment with the participants feel personally on the scene and real-time interactive capabilities, which will enhance the level of scientific research and teaching environment to a with the level of technological innovation platform. After the completion of the "integrated innovation based on reconfigurable product system virtual reality application of innovative research and training platform" should be a set of teaching, scientific research and demonstration functions, with immersive display and real-time interaction as the main function of the virtual reality laboratory environment and a new generation of digital media technology innovation platform.4.Design and implementation of scene roaming system based on VRThe mathematical model of distribution of Brown motion to generate realistic scenes from random fractal, many nonlinear phenomena he can express effectively in nature, is so far the best to describe the real terrain. Then he is a generalization of the Brown movement. The algorithm is: random fractal terrain generation technology of fractal geometry and FMB based on the method, used a Poisson step method (poissonfaulting), Fu Liye filter (fourierfiltersng), the midpoint displacement method (midpointdisplaeement), successive random additions (Suc.essiverandomadditions) and band limited noise accumulation method (summingbandlimit.dnoises) and other five categories. Among them, the random midpoint displacement method is the most simple and classic that is a direct application of FBM.A one-dimensional random midpoint displacement method for his own thought is: the known vertex elevation (or attribute) line, the midpoint of the elevation ( For the ends of attributes) or height (or attribute) the average value plus a random displacement, displacement of the two segment of the midpoint subdivision and recursive displacement, know that meet the resolution needed so far. The extension to the two-dimensional surface, according to the different pattern of the simulation can be divided into triangle grid simulation method, rectangular (square) grid simulation method, diamond square grid simulation method, parameter block grid simulation method, the thought and the one-dimensional similar. The square grid as an example the realization process of two-dimensional random midpoint displacement method.Good computer games, not only can achieve the purpose of work alternately, eliminate fatigue, and cultivate intelligence sentiment and inspire imagination. Computer game show is mainly virtual editing script under artificial scene behavior changes. So the application and effect of the virtual building scene roaming technology in the field of play a decisive role.The original delta game using a large number of indoor and outdoor architectural scenes, such as barracks, bunkers, tunnels, tower, armory, tower. Later the popular Quake, VR and other special police use the subway, train and ship building internal scene real-time strategy game has been more common. When this network game against the CS scene it is from 3D indoor and outdoor buildings. Even the sports games such as need for speed, FIFA, the stadium, bridge, tunnel and other buildings scene is also indispensable.Battlefield virtual simulation and command simulation training have all kinds of virtues of virtual simulation technology, such as safety, repeatability, economy, difficulty of battlefield environment adjustability, convenient against simulation, easy to achieve various tactical settings and so on.The virtual reality technology and multimedia technology, network technology is the application of computer technology in twenty-first Century three with the greatest development potential. Although the virtual reality technical difficulties still exist many unsolved theoretical problems have not yet overcome the impact on human life and work but also very little. However, it is foreseeable that in the near future, have a significant impact on the virtual reality technology is bound to human life and production.5.SummaryThe paper presents design and implementation of scene roaming system based on VR. Although all the countries have successfully developed some typical applications of virtual reality, but the application of high technology compared with other, is still in the initial stage of application development. Although it may not be able to clearly imagine, in the new century and new forms of popular virtual reality, but people can through the application of medium shape change the principle and extension of the field of medium main propagation characteristics, a reasonable conception of future scenarios.References[1] Wang Rui, the design and implementation of the money Xuelei.OpenSceneGraph 3D rendering engine. Beijing: Tsinghua University press, 2012.11.[2] Zhu Danchen, song Guiling. The realization of computer and modernization of virtual museum system based on Unreal3 and 2013, 34:48-52.[3] Duan Xinyu. The foundation of virtual reality and VRML programming. Beijing: Higher Education Press, 2014.3.[4] Xiao Peng, Liu Gengdai, Xu Mingliang.OpenSceneGraph 3D rendering engine programming guide. Beijing: Tsinghua University press, 2012.[5] Feng Yufen. Design and implementation of virtual cell roaming system based on Virtools.Computer simulation, 2015, 26 (6): 285-287.[6] Jiang Xuezhi, Li Zhonghua. Research status of virtual reality technology at home and abroad.Journal of Liaoning University of Technology, 2016.[7] Deng Zheng detailed translation of.OpenGL programming guide. Fourth edition. Beijing: people post and Telecommunications Press, 2015.[8] Yuan Haibo, Liu Houquan, and so on. 3D interactive. Microcomputer information based on scene semantics in virtual museums, 2012, 25 (9-3): 175-177.[9] Li Zhiwen, Han Xiaoling. Research status and future development of virtual reality technology and future development. Information technology and information technology (Human-ComputerInteraction Edition) 2015 (3): 94 - 96.。
计算机应用技术英文介绍范文
计算机应用技术英文介绍范文Computer application technology is the use of computer software and hardware to solve problems and accomplish tasks in various fields. It encompasses a wide range of applications, including business, education, healthcare, entertainment, and more. In this article, we will explore the various aspects of computer application technology and its impact on different industries.First and foremost, computer application technology plays a crucial role in the business world. It enables organizations to streamline their operations, automate repetitive tasks, and improve overall efficiency. For example, businesses use enterprise resource planning (ERP) software to manage their resources, customer relationship management (CRM) systems to track and analyze customer interactions, and accounting software to handle financial transactions. These applications help companies make data-driven decisions, improve customer satisfaction, and stay competitive in the market.In the education sector, computer application technology has transformed the way students learn and teachers teach.Educational software and online learning platforms provide interactive and engaging learning experiences, personalized instruction, and access to a wealth of educational resources. Students can use educational apps to practice math, science, and language skills, while teachers can use learning management systems to create and deliver lessons, assess student progress, and communicate with parents.In the healthcare industry, computer application technology has revolutionized patient care, medical research, and administrative processes. Electronic health records (EHR) systems enable healthcare providers to securely store and access patient information, improve diagnosis and treatment decisions, and enhance coordination of care. Medical imaging software allows for the visualization and analysis of medical images, while telemedicine applications enable remote consultations and monitoring of patients.The entertainment sector has also benefited greatly from computer application technology. From video games and streaming services to digital art and music production, software applications have transformed the way we consumeand create entertainment content. Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) technologies offer immersive and interactive experiences, while video editing and special effects software allow for the creation of stunning visual effects in movies and television shows.Furthermore, computer application technology has had a significant impact on the field of scientific research and engineering. Researchers and engineers use simulation software, data analysis tools, and modeling applications to conduct experiments, analyze complex data sets, and design innovative products and solutions. This has led to advancements in various fields, such as aerospace, automotive, environmental science, and more.In conclusion, computer application technology has become an integral part of our daily lives, transforming the way we work, learn, communicate, and entertain ourselves. Its impact on various industries is undeniable, and its potential for future innovation and growth is limitless. As technology continues to evolve, so too will the applications that drive our modern world.计算机应用技术是利用计算机软件和硬件解决问题和完成各种领域任务的技术。
远程互动机房资源管理模拟器设计方案说明书
The Research and Development of Remote Interactive Engine RoomResource Management SimulatorWenlong Yao1,a, Dezhi Jiang2,b, Yuan Liu3,c and Jundong Zhang1,a1 College of Marine Engineering ,Dalian Maritime University; Dalian, 116026; China2 Department of Marine Engineering,Qingdao Ocean Shipping MarinersCollege,Qingdao,266071,China3 Department of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering,Qingdao Ocean Shipping MarinersCollege,Qingdao,266071,Chinaa b cKeywords: STCW convention;engine room resource management simulator; remote interactive. Abstract. In this paper, the design scheme, technical route and system structure of the remote interactive engine room resource management simulator are proposed based on the study of the engine room resource management project. This paper introduces virtual reality technique, visual C# and IE real-time interaction technology to the engine room resource management simulator and the development thoughts of the remote interactive engine room resource management simulator are elaborated based on the 3d modeling optimization and real-time interaction technology. This study can better meet the training requirement of engine room resource management in the STCW Manila amendments which include the teamwork training, situational awareness training, decision-making ability training, execution of strain deployment training etc.IntroductionEngine room resource management is the compulsory training content that is the new addition in the STCW Manila amendments[1,2].According to the new convention, the theory teaching and operation evaluation are included in the training content of engine room resource management, but now the main function of the engine room simulator is the device operation training, it does not meet the training requirement of engine room resource management in the STCW Manila amendments which include the teamwork training, situational awareness training, decision-making ability training, execution of strain deployment training and so on[3], it can not satisfy the operation and assessment needs of engine resource management. Thus it is very important to develop the engine room resource management simulator. This paper presents the development thoughts of the remote interactive engine room resource management simulator by using virtual reality technology. It can provide the online multiplayer or remote interactive training function. Through developing the engine room resource management simulator, the costing, safety and effect of this training can be solved effectively, and it can better meet the needs of the training program of Maritime Bureau by implementation of closed type demonstration, guide type wizard and open free operation mode of training.Overall DesignDeveloping the remote interactive engine room resource management simulator is the purpose of this research by using virtual reality technology and combining with the engine room resource management training program of Maritime Bureau. Though training the daily management and emergency treatment of two kinds of different tasks, each engineer’s responsibility in different tasks can be made clear, the related arranged working procedures can be executed strictly, it can ensure the safety of sailing ships and reduce the potential accidents[4]. From the overall functional distinction, this simulator can be divided into three modules: the duty engineer's personal and multiplayercooperative training module, remote visualization interactive control module, instructor station and online training module. The function of each module is designed as follows:The duty engineer's personal and multi-engineer cooperative training moduleThe key of engine room resource management is how to train the team cooperation, communication, leadership and group decision making, situational awareness of engineers[5]. Therefore the simulator should have the real environment of ship. The purpose of multi-engineer cooperative training is to train the coordination ability with other engineers and the implementation of the operation procedures. Therefore the training of the ship draft, transverse inclination change, automatic start and stop of the equipment when engine room is flooded, and the emergency treatment during the fire indication of the engine room, the emergency treatment of the ship lost power should be performed by the simulator. The simulator can realize that the engineer log to the simulator virtually and achive the emergency behavior according to the rules by independent control of virtual characters to complete each operation and the robot (NPC) instead of the position that no engineer participate[6].According to the above task training situation, the module in the design should satisfy the following three kinds of training demand:①. The basic operation trainingWhich contains: starting of paralyzed ship, standing by of the engine room, full navigation, at sea speed sailing,preraring for finish with engine,operation of auxiliary boiler, operation of oil separator, operation of special conditions of navigation and dealling with emergency situation and so on;②. The Senior operation trainingWhich contains: parameter quering and modifing of main engine remote control system, control mode selection under special working conditions, troubleshooting of system;③. The Management skills trainingWhich contains:training of communication, coordination of the chief engineer with other engineers during in conventional working conditions and in emergency case;Remote visualization interactive control moduleThis simulator is developed with the TCP/IP structure based on the B /S model which has the modeling environment of opening, online debugging, and the real-time operation characteristic. The 3d scene of the engine room can be browsed through the IE browser. Owing to using a special scene working environment,V.R.of the engine room can be rapidly downloaded and showed and be dynamicaly interacting with scene in real-time,and also overcome the disadvantages of traditional downloading mode,which images are delivered to user one by one from web server, the multi-engineer online team work training based on webpage can be realized through this. Which contains: forming teams to complete the stand by of main engine, navigational watch of the on duty group, the contaction of engine room with the bridge, the training of PSC inspection and other emergency drills.Instructor station and online training moduleInstructor station and online training module is a utility program designated for the instructor monitoring and remote control over the students working with the simulator in the network[7]. The following options are available from the instructor station: setups,resources,faults simulation,scenario editor and so on. This module enables also the observation of the following student’s station just like the systems alarm, shaft revolution,event log and so on. Instructor station is connected by phone with the trainee station. Specific functions as follows:(1) Start / stop control function(2) Operation mode setting function(3) External conditions (environment) setting function(4) Operation training management function(5) Fault simulation(6) Online trainingTechnology RouteAccording to the ship equipment information and practical investigation, combined with the engine room resource management training programs, the simulator adopts B/S frame to develop.The realistic 3D model of the equipment are established based on the virtual reality software, the function of virtual roaming and remote real-time interaction are developed by ActiveX technology and visual C# technology. Overall study plan is as follows:(1).The realistic 3D model of the equipment in the engine room are established based on the actual size of engine room equipment by utilzing the Converse3D modeling tool and its development kit;(2).For function simulation part,we utilze ActiveX of Converse3D by embedding C# language to develop the engine room resource management simulator combined with the practical of the training.(3).For the multi-engineer cooperative training based on IE browser part , we utilze the converse3D three-dimensional network platform and virtual community functions and embedding visual C# language to develop the remote visualization interactive control module.(4).This paper makes some improvements aimed to the traditional B/S model:first programmed by the socket and run it in the client port to achieve real-time transition of the dynamic data, then realized the display of dynamic data in browses port by adopting ActiveX technique. Provide concrete resources for browses by using HTTP protocol to ascertain Web server through unified resources localizes. The mode of the improved project still through browses to visit embedded Web server, yet which combined the advantages of B/S and C/S.System structureIn order to make the engineers to simulate ship management status as far as possible, the simulator must have sufficient simulation environment, so that the trainees can get and show the goal of training the skills required. The simulator should contains the 3D model of equipments as follows: ship hull, engine room overview, main engine and its propulsion system, diesel engine, automatic electric power station system, emergency generator room, engine control room, bridge, emergency control console, steering system, boiler system, the ballast water system, fire alarm and fire extinguishing system (including carbon dioxide system), bilge system, fuel system (including fuel tank, settling tank and daily tank), lubricating oil system (including storage tank, settling tank), compressed air system, cooling system and so on. The system structure is showed as Figs.1.Fig. 1. Functional diagram of system structure.Through the remote Interactive engine room resource management simulator, we can not only to train the individual engineers during in normal and emergency conditions[8], but also to achieve the multi-engineer cooperative training and 3D model of browsing and interaction. The main training content includes as follows:(1)At anchor:To train the operation skills of loading, unloading and stand by of the main engine;(2) Leave port: To train the operation skills of side thrust, maneuvering and quickly accelerated to sea speed;(3)At sea:To train how to operate the equipment during at sea;(4)Docking:To train how to complete the reduction, and use of maneuvering thruster for dock operation;(5)Start / stop of the auxiliary boiler;(6)Starting of Paralyzed Ship;(7)Communication of engineering department with feeding personnel during bunkering of fuel oil;(8)Black out and main engine malfunction;(9)Fault of steering system;(10)Fire in engine room;(11)Rough sea condition;(12)Ashore;(13)Collision/ stranding;(14) Pirate attack.ConclusionsAccording to the STCW Manila convention amendment, engine room resource management was incorporated into the rules of STCW part A. This paper proposes a scheme that how to design the remote interactive engine room resource management simulator based on the resource management project, which can better satisfy the training and assessment requirements of maritime bureau for crew, it will provide great convenience for seamen especially in the remote training. After the completion,it will become the first engine room resource management simulator in the world. AcknowledgementsThe results discussed in this paper have been applied in the item of remote interactive engine room resource management simulator which was supported by COSCO (Projece No: 2012-1-H-004). This work was also supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (51179102). References[1] Interpretation Group of STCW.The interpretation of STCW Manila convention amendment [J] . Maritime Education Research, (2011), p. 10-14.[2] Christopher Young. The STCW Convention.(IMO Technical Support Program,1995).[3] DeZhi JIang, Research of Engine Department Team Based on Engine Room Resource Management, ECWAC 2012,Wuhan,China,(2012), p. 35-40[4] Hu feng. On the Factors Influencing the Work Efficiency of the Global Virtual Team and Possible Solutions [J]. Kunming: Journal of Yunnan Nationalities University,2005,22(6):pp 105-108.[5] Jiang Dezhi, Zhao Xiaoling. "Engine Room Resource Management" Using Engine Room Simulator [J]. Shanghai: Navigation of China,(2011), 34(1): p. 22-25[6] LIANG En-sheng. human factor and the engine room resource management[J]. China Water Transport, (2009), p. 52-53[7] A Mahapatra. Model Course［M］.( Train the Simulator Trainer and Assessor , 2012).[8] Catherine Hetherington, Rhona Flina, Kathryn Mearns. Safety in shipping: The human element[J]. Journal of Safety Research, (2006) , p. 401-411.。
吸引孩子兴趣的英文读物
吸引孩子兴趣的英文读物Engaging English Reading Materials for ChildrenReading is a fundamental skill that plays a crucial role in a child's cognitive development and academic success. As children navigate the world of literature, it is essential to provide them with reading materials that not only enhance their language proficiency but also capture their interest and imagination. Engaging English reading materials can foster a love for reading, improve literacy skills, and promote overall academic achievement.One of the key factors in engaging children with English reading materials is the use of age-appropriate and relatable content. Children are naturally drawn to stories and themes that resonate with their experiences, interests, and developmental stages. By selecting books, articles, or digital resources that align with their curiosities and life experiences, we can capture their attention and foster a genuine connection with the content.For younger children, picture books with vibrant illustrations, simpleyet captivating narratives, and relatable characters can be particularly effective. These types of reading materials not only support language acquisition but also stimulate visual learning and emotional engagement. Additionally, interactive books that incorporate elements like flaps, pop-ups, or touch-and-feel textures can further enhance the reading experience and encourage active participation.As children progress in their reading abilities, it is important to introduce more complex and diverse genres of literature. This can include fiction, non-fiction, poetry, and even graphic novels. By exposing children to a wide range of literary styles and themes, we can cater to their evolving interests and foster a deeper appreciation for the written word.In the realm of fiction, engaging stories that feature compelling characters, imaginative plots, and relatable themes can captivate young readers. For example, fantasy and adventure tales can transport children to enchanting worlds, sparking their creativity and encouraging them to explore the boundless realms of their imagination. Similarly, contemporary realistic fiction that addresses relevant social and emotional issues can help children navigate the complexities of their own lives and develop a deeper understanding of the world around them.Non-fiction reading materials, such as biographies, informativearticles, or educational resources, can also be highly engaging for children. By presenting factual information in an accessible and visually appealing manner, we can fuel their natural curiosity and inspire them to delve deeper into subjects that pique their interest. These types of reading materials can not only enhance their knowledge but also cultivate critical thinking skills and a thirst for lifelong learning.In addition to the content itself, the presentation and format of the reading materials can also play a significant role in engaging children. Incorporating interactive elements, such as activities, games, or digital enhancements, can transform the reading experience into an immersive and dynamic process. For instance, e-books or digital reading platforms that offer interactive features, like embedded videos, audio narrations, or virtual reality experiences, can captivate children's attention and foster a more engaging and multisensory learning environment.Furthermore, the accessibility and availability of reading materials can greatly impact children's engagement. Ensuring that a diverse range of high-quality English reading materials is readily available in schools, libraries, and home environments can make reading a more seamless and integrated part of children's daily lives. By providing ample opportunities for children to access and explore a wide variety of reading materials, we can cultivate a culture of reading and fostera lifelong love for the written word.Another crucial aspect of engaging children with English reading materials is the role of adults, such as parents, teachers, and librarians. These influential figures can serve as reading mentors, guiding children through the selection of appropriate books, modeling effective reading strategies, and fostering discussions that deepen their understanding and appreciation of the content. By creating a supportive and encouraging reading environment, adults can inspire children to embark on their literary journeys with enthusiasm and confidence.In conclusion, engaging English reading materials for children are essential in nurturing their language development, academic success, and overall well-being. By selecting age-appropriate, relatable, and visually appealing content, incorporating interactive elements, and providing accessible resources, we can cultivate a love for reading that extends beyond the classroom and into the fabric of children's lives. As we strive to equip children with the necessary skills and tools to navigate the world, the power of engaging English reading materials cannot be overstated. By fostering a love for reading, we empower children to explore, discover, and grow, ultimately shaping them into well-rounded, curious, and literate individuals.。
Geometric Modeling
Geometric ModelingGeometric modeling is an essential aspect of computer graphics and design, playing a crucial role in various industries such as architecture, engineering, and animation. It involves the creation and manipulation of digital representations of geometric shapes and structures, allowing for the visualization and analysis of complex objects in a virtual environment. This process is utilized in diverse applications, including 3D modeling, simulation, and rendering, and it presents a range of challenges and opportunities for professionals in the field. One of the primary challenges in geometric modeling is achieving a high level of precision and accuracy in representing real-world objects and phenomena. This requires a deep understanding of mathematical principles and algorithms, as well as the ability to translate physical properties into digital form. Engineers and designers often face difficulties in capturing intricate details and complex geometries, especially when dealing with organic shapes or irregular surfaces. Overcoming these challenges demands advanced computational techniques and innovative approaches to geometric representation. Furthermore, geometric modeling encompasses the creation of parametric models that can be easily modified and adapted to different design requirements. This flexibility is crucial in the iterative process of design and prototyping, allowing for efficient exploration of variations and alternatives. However, maintaining the integrity of the model and ensuring consistency across different iterations pose significant technical and practical challenges. Designers and engineers must carefully manage the parameters and constraints of the model to avoid errors and inconsistencies, requiring a balance between flexibility and control. In addition to technical challenges, geometric modeling also raises important considerations regarding aesthetics and user experience. The visual representation of geometric models plays a critical role in communication and interpretation, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with digital objects. Designers and artists must carefully consider aspects such as lighting, shading, and texture mapping to create compelling and realistic renderings. Balancing technical accuracy with visual appeal is a complex task that demands both technical expertise and artistic sensibility. Moreover, the advancement of geometric modeling techniques has led to the emergence of newopportunities and applications in various industries. For instance, in the field of architecture, parametric modeling enables the creation of complex and innovative structures that were previously unattainable. This has revolutionized the way architects conceptualize and realize their designs, opening up new possibilities for sustainable and efficient building solutions. Similarly, in the realm of virtual reality and gaming, geometric modeling techniques are instrumental in creating immersive and interactive environments, enhancing the overall user experience. In conclusion, geometric modeling is a multifaceted and dynamic field that presents a wide array of challenges and opportunities. From technical precision and parametric flexibility to aesthetic considerations and practical applications, professionals in this field must navigate a complex landscape of requirements and demands. By embracing innovative approaches and leveraging advanced computational tools, individuals involved in geometric modeling can push the boundaries of what is possible and contribute to the advancement of various industries and disciplines.。
室内设计英语作文
Interior design is a multifaceted discipline that combines creativity,aesthetics,and functionality to enhance the spaces where people live,work,and play.It involves a deep understanding of human behavior,cultural nuances,and the principles of design to create environments that are both beautiful and practical.The Importance of Interior DesignInterior design plays a crucial role in shaping our daily experiences.It affects our mood, productivity,and overall wellbeing.A welldesigned space can make us feel comfortable, inspired,and at ease,while a poorly designed one can lead to discomfort and dissatisfaction.Elements of Interior DesignThe process of interior design involves several key elements,including:1.Space Planning:This is the first step in the design process,where the layout of the space is determined.It involves considering the flow of movement,the placement of furniture,and the overall organization of the space.2.Color:The choice of color can significantly impact the mood of a room.Designers must consider the psychological effects of colors,as well as their compatibility with the clients preferences and the surrounding environment.3.Lighting:Proper lighting is essential for creating a functional and inviting space. Designers must consider both natural and artificial light sources,as well as the type of lighting needed for different activities within the space.4.Texture:The use of different textures can add depth and interest to a room.It can also contribute to the overall tactile experience of the space.5.Furniture:The selection of furniture is based on both aesthetic and functional considerations.Designers must ensure that the furniture not only complements the design but also meets the needs of the users.6.Accessories:Accessories such as artwork,rugs,and decorative items can personalize a space and add a finishing touch to the overall design.Principles of DesignInterior designers adhere to certain principles to ensure that their designs are harmonious and balanced.These principles include:Balance:Achieving a sense of equilibrium in the space,which can be symmetrical or asymmetrical.Proportion:Ensuring that elements within the space are in the correct size relationship to one another.Contrast:Using differences in color,texture,or shape to create visual interest. Rhythm:Repeating elements to create a sense of movement and harmony.Unity:Creating a cohesive design where all elements work together to convey a single, unified concept.The Role of Technology in Interior DesignWith the advancement of technology,interior design has become more dynamic and interactive.Digital tools such as3D modeling software,virtual reality,and augmented reality allow designers to visualize and present their designs in a more immersive way. Smart home technology also plays a significant role in modern interior design,offering solutions for energy efficiency,security,and convenience.Sustainability in Interior DesignThere is a growing emphasis on sustainable design practices that minimize environmental impact.Designers are encouraged to use ecofriendly materials,reduce waste,and consider the life cycle of the products used in their designs.ConclusionInterior design is an art form that requires a keen eye for detail,a deep understanding of human needs,and a passion for creating spaces that inspire and nurture.As the field continues to evolve,designers must stay abreast of new trends,technologies,and sustainable practices to remain at the forefront of this exciting profession.。
MIT本科计算机教材
30 教材名称: COMPUTER SIMULATION OF LIOUIDS
作者: ALLEN
31 教材名称: CONTROL OF UNCERTAIN SYSTEMS
作者: DAHLEH
32 教材名称: CONTROL SYSTEM DESIGN
作者: FRIEDALND
作者: PERLMAN
62 教材名称: INTRO TO ALGORITHMS
作者: CORMEN
63 教材名称: INTRO.TO FORTRAN 90 F/ENGRS.+SCI.
作者: NYHOFF
64 教材名称: INTRO.TO MATLAB F/ENGRS+SCI.
作者: HOWE
76 教材名称: MICROSOFT ACCESS 2000 BIBLE
作者: PRAGUE
77 教材名称: MICROSYSTEM DESIGN
作者: SENTURIA
78 教材名称: MICRSFT,VISUAL BASIC:PROGRAMMER'S GDE
作者: MENEZES
59 教材名称: HOW COMPUTERS WORK,MILLENIUM ED.-W/CD
作者: WHITE
60 教材名称: HOW TO SET UP+MAINTAIN A WEB SITE-W/CD
作者: STEIN
61 教材名称: INTERCONNECTIONS:BRIDGES,ROUTERS…
作者: HERTZ
68 教材名称: Introduction to Random Signals & Applied Kalman Filtering 3/E (With Matlab Exercise & Solutions )
好朋友数学不好想放弃学习这一科英语作文
好朋友数学不好想放弃学习这一科英语作文My Best Friend's Math NightmareMath is the worst subject ever! At least, that's what my best friend Timmy says. He absolutely hates it and wants to quit learning it altogether. I feel really bad for him because math seems to be his biggest struggle in school.Timmy and I have been best buddies since kindergarten. We live just a few houses apart on the same street and have been inseparable since we were little kids. We love playing video games, riding our bikes around the neighborhood, and just hanging out together. Timmy is the funniest person I know and always makes me laugh with his silly jokes and goofy faces.In class though, things aren't so fun and games for poor Timmy, especially when it comes to math time. I see him get this pained look on his face anytime the teacher starts a new math lesson or hands out worksheets with practice problems. He furrows his brow, bites his lip, and looks like he's going to be sick.I can practically see the wheels turning in his head as he stares at the numbers and equations like they're written in some foreign alien language."I just don't get it," he'll whisper to me in frustration, shaking his head despondently. "This stuff makes no sense at all!"I really feel for Timmy because math seems to come so easily to me. I actually find it kind of fun, like a puzzle or game to figure out. But no matter how hard Timmy tries or how many times I try to explain it to him in a different way, he still struggles. Math problems that seem simple to me are like impossible riddles for him.I've seen Timmy get more and more frustrated and discouraged as the school year goes on. He spends forever on his math homework every night, asking his parents for help and watching video tutorials online, but he still bombs nearly every math test and quiz. The other day, his latest failed math test had him just about in tears."That's it, I'm done!" he declared, crumpling up the test and tossing it across the room. "I'm never going to learn this junk. I quit!"His parents got very stern with him and said he absolutely couldn't give up on math, but I could see the defeated look in Timmy's eyes. He was seriously considering just throwing in the towel on the whole subject. Math was making him miserable.That's when I decided I needed to come up with a plan to help my best friend, to show him that math doesn't have to be this big, scary monster. I started doing some research online about different learning styles and techniques for kids who struggle with math concepts. I learned that some students are just more visual or hands-on learners, rather than auditory book-learners. They need a different approach than just reading from a textbook or listening to a teacher lecture.I found all these cool math games, apps, videos and activities that seemed like they could make learning math way more interactive and engaging for Timmy's specific learning style. There were fun, colorful counting games and puzzles, music videos that taught math concepts through raps and songs, hands-on activities with blocks and shapes to demonstrate problems in a physical way. The more examples I saw, the more I got excited to try sharing them with Timmy as an new approach.The next day at school, I could hardly contain my enthusiasm. As soon Timmy started getting that pained look during math class, I pulled out my tablet to show him some of the crazy cool math games and videos I had discovered. His eyes went wide as we tapped through different counting games, using animated characters and bright graphics to really click with his visuallearning abilities. For the first time ever, I saw Timmy actually smiling and getting into math!"Whoa, this is actually kind of fun!" he exclaimed as we played a game modeling basic addition equations through visual storytelling. We spent the whole math period immersed in those engaging apps and videos, until the teacher actually had to tell us twice that class was over!From there, we were hooked. We made math game time a regular thing, playing together on my tablet after school or looking up new cool activities online to try. We had mini rap battle contests to see who could recite their times tables the fastest by memory. We collected household items like dried beans and Lego bricks to use as physical counters for modeling word problems. Timmy's parents were amazed and overjoyed to see their son's completely new attitude towards the subject he had been ready to give up on entirely.Math assignments and tests were no longer this huge source of struggle and anxiety for Timmy. By finally connecting with math through an interactive, visual style that resonated with how his brain worked, he started steadily improving his skills and gaining confidence. Gone were the pained looks and dread - instead he was eager to try new math games and hands-onactivities with me. We started looking forward to math instead of dreading it!I'm just so proud of Timmy for not giving up, even when math felt impossible for him at first. And I'm proud of myself for being a good friend and taking the time to really understand how he learned best, rather than just giving up on him too. Math is no longer this big bad monster for Timmy - in fact, I think it just might be turning into one of his new favorite subjects!。
3d 室内光谱模型 英语
3d 室內光谱模型英语3D Indoor Spectral Modeling.Introduction.In the realm of computer graphics and virtual reality, 3D indoor spectral modeling refers to the creation of detailed and photorealistic representations of indoor environments, capturing not just the geometry and texture but also the spectral properties of light interacting with surfaces. Spectral modeling goes beyond the traditional RGB color space to consider the complete spectrum of visible light, enabling more accurate simulations of how light behaves in real-world indoor spaces.Spectral Modeling Basics.Spectral modeling involves the measurement and representation of the reflection, transmission, and absorption of light by materials across the visiblespectrum. This information is typically captured using spectrometers or specialized cameras that can measure the reflection spectrum of surfaces at each point. By incorporating spectral data into 3D models, developers can create environments that more accurately simulate the appearance and feel of real-world indoor spaces, including the subtle shifts in color and brightness caused by different types of lighting.Applications of 3D Indoor Spectral Modeling.1. Architecture and Design: Designers can use spectral modeling to test and visualize the impact of lighting design choices before committing to physical construction. This allows for iterative design processes and better informed decisions about lighting fixtures, materials, and color schemes.2. Interior Decorating: Furniture and interior decorators can leverage spectral modeling to preview how different materials and finishes will look under various lighting conditions, ensuring a harmonious and visuallyappealing interior design.3. Film and Gaming: The entertainment industry relies on spectral modeling to create realistic virtual environments for movies, television shows, and video games. By accurately simulating the spectral properties of indoor spaces, developers can create more immersive and believable virtual worlds.4. Photography and Visualization: Photographers and visual artists can use spectral modeling to create photorealistic renderings of indoor scenes, enabling them to experiment with lighting setups and capture the subtleties of color and lighting that are often lost in traditional photography.Challenges and Future Directions.1. Data Acquisition: Capturing spectral data for indoor spaces can be time-consuming and expensive, especially for large or complex environments. Future research could focus on developing more efficient and cost-effective methods forspectral data acquisition.2. Computational Complexity: Processing and rendering spectral data within 3D models can be computationally intensive, requiring powerful hardware and optimized algorithms. Improvements in rendering technology and optimization techniques are needed to make spectral modeling more accessible and practical for a wider range of applications.3. Interactive Applications: Current spectral modeling techniques are often limited to static or pre-rendered scenes. Developing methods for real-time interactive spectral rendering would greatly expand the potential uses of this technology, enabling applications such as virtual reality tours or real-time design iterations.Conclusion.3D indoor spectral modeling represents a significant advancement in the realism and authenticity of virtual indoor environments. By capturing and representing thespectral properties of light and materials, we can create more accurate and believable simulations of real-world spaces. As the technology continues to evolve, we can expect to see its use expand into various fields, including architecture, interior design, film production, and gaming, among others.。
Matlab 图形用户界面辅助《化学信息学》教学
Matlab 图形用户界面辅助《化学信息学》教学吴夏;程文【期刊名称】《广州化工》【年(卷),期】2014(000)018【摘要】化学信息学是一门利用信息学、计算机科学和技术来解决化学问题的学科。
本文利用Matlab科学计算软件的图形用户界面（ GUI）功能，通过分子模拟课堂教学的具体实例来展示图形用户界面在化学信息学课程辅助教学中的优点。
交互式图形用户界面使得分子模拟过程直观可视化，通过理论与实践教学的结合有助于提高教学质量，激发学习兴趣。
%Chemometrics was a useful subject by using informatic , computer science and technology to solve chemical problem.Graphical user interface ( GUI) of scientific computing software Matlab was introduced , and the advantages of GUI in the assistant teaching of chemometrics were demonstrated by a specific example of molecular modeling .Interactive GUI made the molecular simulation visual , and the combination of theoretical and practical teaching was helpful to improve the effect of teaching and simulate interest in learning .【总页数】3页(P210-211,254)【作者】吴夏;程文【作者单位】安庆师范学院化学化工学院，安徽安庆 246011;安庆师范学院化学化工学院，安徽安庆 246011【正文语种】中文【中图分类】O6-05【相关文献】1.基于Matlab图形用户界面化学信息学教学平台建设 [J], 吴夏;陈润2.MATLAB图形用户界面设计在实验教学中的应用 [J], 张文丹;尹伟石3.MATLAB图形用户界面设计在实验教学中的应用 [J], 张文丹;尹伟石;4.基于Matlab图形用户界面化学信息学教学平台建设 [J], 吴夏;陈润;5.MATLAB图形用户界面在光纤模式理论课堂教学中的应用 [J], 胡新广;程健;邓子豪因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
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Visual Interactive Modeling in a Java-based Hierarchical Modeling and Simulation SystemRobert G.SargentThorsten DaumSyracuse UniversityAbstractThe desired set of properties of a modern simulation system is presented.The portionof the Hi odeling A imulation S ava(HiMASS-j)used for speci-fying Hierarchical Control Flow Graph(HCFG)Models is described.The specificationof HCFG Models in HiMASS-j is by visual interactive modeling through the use ofgraphical user interfaces and dialog boxes.HCFG Models are specified using two com-plementary hierarchical specification structures:one to specify the components thatcomprise a model and how these components are interconnected,and the other to spec-ify the behaviors of individual atomic components.A simulation of a traffic intersectionusing HiMASS-j is briefly discussed.1IntroductionThis paper has two purposes.First,in Section2,we present and briefly discuss a desired set of properties that we believe a modern simulation system should have.Second,we describe the portion of the Hi odeling a imulation S ava(HiMASS-j) used for specifying Hierarchical Control Flow Graph(HCFG)Models via visual interactive modeling(VIM).HiMASS-j is currently a prototype Java-based discrete event simulation system for specifying and executing HCFG Models.In order to understand the specification of HCFG Models in HiMASS-j,a minimal understanding of the HCFG Model paradigm is required.Thus,we give in Section3a brief overview of the HCFG Model paradigm.We note,however,a deeper understand-ing of this model paradigm will provide more and better insights into HiMASS-j.A short description of the HCFG Model paradigm can be found in“An Overview of Hi-erarchical Control Flow Graph Models”(Fritz and Sargent1995)and a more detailed description can be obtain in an expanded version of this overview paper located at /˜srg/.Specifying HCFG Models in HiMASS-j is described in Section4.Section5contains a brief description of a simulation of a traffic intersection in Magdeburg,Germany using HiMASS-j.Section6contains a short discussion of the HiMASS-j software and Section7 is the summary.2Properties of a Modern Simulation SystemIn this section wefirst present and then briefly discuss the desired set of properties that we believe a modern simulation system should have.These properties are:1.visual interactive modeling capabilityyered modeling approach3.model element reuse4.library for model elements5.experimental frame6.simulation engine that can efficiently execute a simulation model on different typesof computer architectures/computers(including the web)7.visual interactive experimental design and(input and output)data analysiscapability8.animation capability9.be object oriented and10.be designed and implemented using modern software approaches and techniquesWe use the term‘visual interactive’in a broad sense.Visual interactive(VI)implies the capability of a user to interact with objects on the computer screen via a mouse or a key-board.An object can be a string(e.g.,a name),an icon,a tool button,etc.VI usually occurs with graphical user interfaces(GUIs)and dialog boxes.VI is not,e.g.,writing computer programs in text via a keyboard.A modern simulation system should use a powerful modeling paradigm.This paradigm should have(i)a graphical representation that can be used for VI modeling,(ii)hierarchical modeling capability,(iii)a powerful behavior specification capability(such as having a ‘wait until’construct),(iv)scaling capability for model elements,and(v)the capability for building models top down or bottom up.(See Sargent(1992)for additional requirements of a modeling paradigm.)Model specification should be VI wherever appropriate.A layered approach to mod-eling should be used.This means that different levels of model abstraction and different levels of model elements can be used for model specification.This approach should allow (i)a modeler to specify a model and its model elements at the most basic level such as being able to write an event routine,(ii)the movement between levels to be VI,and(iii) a modeler to determine what a model element is doing(which usually means moving to a lower level)and this should be visual(as contrasted,e.g.,to computer code)where appro-priate.A library with VI capability should be provided for the storage and reuse of model elements.Model elements should allow the use of parameters to increase element reuse. The experimental frame concept should be used in order to specify the desired values of a model for each simulation run.This specification should be VI.A modern simulation system should be able to execute a specified simulation model on different types of computer architectures and systems without requiring a modeler to add additional information to a model.This requires a modeling paradigm to have a rep-resentation such that algorithms can be developed to obtain the information needed for model execution algorithms automatically from the representation of a specified model.The simulation engine should have model execution algorithms for sequential,parallel, and distributed computers.Furthermore,in today’s environment a simulation system should provide for web use.An extensive capability should be provided to perform simulation input and output analyses.Such capability should be VI wherever appropriate and include the ability to specify(i)data collection,(ii)tactical and strategic experimental designs,(iii)how the input and output data analyses are to be conducted,and(iv)how the results are to be presented.Exploratory data analysis capability should also be included.(See Robinson (1997)for a limited discussion of visualization and simulation data analysis.)A straight forward interface should be provided to allow the use of external spread sheets.Animation capability should be provided either internally or with a straight forward interface to an external animation system.A modern simulation system should be object oriented.This provides for abstraction, encapsulation,types,and instances.This should increase the reuse of model elements.De-sign and implemention of the software system should follow object oriented methodology. The graphical representations used by VIM and the logic of the model should be separated by using a suited design approach such as the Model-View-Controller paradigm(Gamma et al.1995).3An Overview of HCFG ModelsAn HCFG Model can conceptually be viewed as consisting of a set of independent and encapsulated components which interact with each other solely via message passing.Two kinds of encapsulated components are used:an atomic component(AC),which has its own thread of control and operates concurrently with other ACs,and a coupled component(CC), which couples together ACs and/or other CCs.The CCs provide hierarchical relationships among components.Each CC is specified by the use of a CC Specification(CCS).A CCS is a directed graph whose nodes represent components and whose directed edges repre-sent channels between component ports.Channels carry messages between the input and output ports of components.Each channel connects exactly one output port to one input port and each port is connected to only one channel.The hierarchical relationships of all components and their interconnections are contained in the Hierarchical Interconnection Graph(HIG).A HIG tree shows the hierarchical relationships among the components but not their interconnections.Each AC contains a set of(local)variables including a(local)simulation clock,a set of input ports,a set of output ports,a set of parameters,and an HCFG,which describes the behavior of that AC.An HCFG is a hierarchically organized set of Macro Control States (MCSs)and their interconnections.A MCS is a state-based behavior specification struc-ture and is an augmented directed graph whose nodes are control states(CSs)and/or other MCSs and whose directed edges give the set of possible control state transitions.A CS is a formalization of the“process reactivation point”(Cota and Sargent1992).Edges origi-nating from CSs have three attributes:a condition,a priority,and an event.The condition specifies when an edge can become a candidate for traversal,the priority is used to breakties when more then one edge is a candidate for traversal at the same simulation time,and the event specifies a state transition for the AC which is executed whenever that edge is traversed during simulation execution.Three different kinds of edges,which depend on the condition attribute,are used:TimeEdges,BoolEdges,and PortEdges.(These can be viewed as different types of’wait until.’)To specify an edge,a priority and event is specified along with an edge type and either a time delay function,a boolean function,or an input port, depending on the type of edge.Edges originating from MCSs do not have attributes.Each HCFG has a point of control(POC),which moves from CS to CS to indicate the state that the HCFG(i.e.,the AC)is in.The POC leaves a CS over the edge that becomes true first.An HCFG tree shows the hierarchical relationships among the MCSs but not their interconnections.The HCFG Model paradigm supports and HiMASS-j implements the use of types and instances of model elements.The model elements are the ACs,CCs,MCSs,event routines, time delay functions,and boolean functions.The types of model elements are specified and instances of the types are used to specify HCFG Models.Libraries of types can be estab-lished and this provides for reuse.Having libraries of types allows the“layered”approach to modeling to be used where ACs,CCs,and MCSs can be used for model specification if the appropriate ones are available,and if not,then the needed elements can be build.The specification of an HCFG Model requires one HIG and one HCFG for each type of AC in the model.HCFG Model specification in HiMASS-j is via VIM through the use of graphical user interfaces(GUIs)which includes the use of dialog boxes.The HCFG model paradigm supports and HiMASS-j implements the use of experimental frames(EFs) (Zeigler1984).The use of EFs allows the values of the parameters of the model elements, the model’s initial conditions,etc.to be specified separately from the HCFG Model speci-fication.The HCFG model paradigm favors an“active resource”view of modeling over an“ac-tive transaction”view.Modeling from an active resource view means that the system is modeled from the point of view of the system’s resources by describing the behaviors and interactions of those resources.We use the active resource view for specifying models in this paper.4Specifying HCFG Models in HiMASS-jIn this section we discuss how HiMASS-j can be used to specify HCFG Models.HCFG Models are specified in HiMASS-j via VIM using GUIs.Our emphasis will be on specify-ing HCFG Models top down and from scratch,i.e.,not using libraries of model elements.A simple way to specify and view HCFG Models is to use the Model Navigator window. The Model Navigator contains the HCFG Model tree and is used to navigate,i.e.to move, among the model’s CCs,ACs,and MCSs.The model tree consists of the HIG tree and the HCFG tree of each AC in the model.(The model tree does not show the top MCS of an HCFG since it is the internal view of an AC.)The Model Navigator containing a sample model tree is shown in Figure1.Each node of the model tree has a symbol to indicate the kind of model element,the instance name of the model element,and the type name ofFigure1:Model Navigator Windowthe model element given in parentheses.Each component node also has a priority which is used to established priorities among ACs to break event time ties that may occur across ACs.The top node(named root unless renamed)of the model tree is always displayed and this is the HIG root(top)node.The Model Navigator has four tool buttons on its right:Instance opens a GUI window containing the instance of the selected model element in the model tree,Type opens a GUI window containing the type of the selected model element,and the other two buttons open dialog boxes to rename either a selected model element instance or type.HiMASS-j has a CC GUI window for working with the CCs of a HIG and a MCS GUI window for working with the MCSs of the HCFGs.A CC GUI window opens if an instance of a component(AC or CC)or if a type of CC is selected,and a MCS GUI window opens if a MCS or a type of AC is selected.4.1HIG SpecificationThefirst step in specifying an HCFG Model from top down is to open the Model Naviga-tor.The model tree in the Model Navigator will contain one node which is a CC with the instance name‘root’of type‘Root’.A modeler opens the CC GUI window for Root by selecting the Type button while the root node is selected(highlighted).Figure2shows the CC GUI window with a sample Root CC in it.(The canvas area would be blank when Root is initially opened.)Note that the type name of the CC is given at the top of the windowFigure2:CC Graphical User Interface Windowand that there are several tool buttons on the right side of this GUI.These tools are used to either specify a CC(which contains ACs and/or other CCs),modify a CC,or change the layout of the CC on the canvas.A user selects a tool by clicking on the appropriate button,and then uses the tool in the canvas area.To create a new component,a modeler first selects the Component tool and then clicks on the canvas at the desired location for the new component.A Component dialog box will open for the modeler to select the kind of component and to enter the component type name,the component instance name,and for the component priority either a numerical value or a variable whose value is specified in the EF.(A Component dialog box is similar to the Array dialog box shown in Figure3.)In Figure2there are two CCs called cc1and cc2and an AC called ac1.Note the symbols used for these two different kinds of components and that instance names are given on the com-ponents.Type names and priorities can also be shown,optionally.As new components are specified in a CC,they are automatically added to the model tree in the Model Navigator. Note how the components contained in Root CC are in the model tree in Figure1.In Figure2there are,e.g.,two channels between ac1and cc2.Channels are specified by using the Channel tool.A new channel between components is specified byfirst selecting the Channel tool and then clicking inside the component where the channel originates.A Port dialog box will open to enter the name of that component’s new output port forconnection to the new channel.Next,click inside the component where this new channelFigure3:Internal View of a CC with Array Dialog Boxterminates.A Port dialog box will open to enter the name of that component’s new input port for connection to the new channel.The new channel and the names of the new ports automatically appear.HiMASS-j provides scaling for components,channels,and ports.A component array consists of a homogeneous array of components.(A component is equivalent to a compo-nent array of size one.)A typical element of the array is specified and shown.After the Component Array tool is selected and the mouse clicked at the desired location for the component array on the canvas,the Array dialog box shown in Figure3opens.A modeler selects the kind of component that the array has and enters the array’s instance name,type name,either a numerical value or variable(if the EF is being used)for the array’s priority, and either a numerical value or a variable whose value is specified in the EF for the array size in the dialog box.In Figure2there is an array containing3ACs called arr.Note that the array symbol indicates whether the components are ACs or CCs and that the size of the array is given with the instance name.As new arrays are specified,they are automatically added to the model tree.Multichannels are arrays(or bundles)of channels that have their size specified by a modeler and are created similarly to channels.The major differences are that multichannels are connected to multiports and that their size must be specified in theMultiPort dialog box.Because model elements in a HIG can be of different sizes,not all channels between model elements can be clearly represented using a purely graphical notation.A“connection box”that is represented by a diamond can be used to connect channels and multichannels of different sizes to model elements.A Connection Box tool is provided to specify connection boxes on the canvas similar to how components are specified.A Connection Box window (obtained by using the Edit button)is used to make the connections of the channels entering and leaving a connection box.The ports that the channels entering and leaving the connec-tion box are connected to are automatically given by HiMASS-j,and it is straightforward and simple to make the appropriate connections through visual interaction.In Figure2note the connection box named1,the multichannels of size3between the multiports of CC cc2 and the connection box,and the channels between the(three)elements of the array arr and the connection box.The Open tool opens up a GUI window of the component’s type to either view or specify that component.If the component is a CC,then a CC window is opened;otherwise a MCS window is opened.If a CC window is opened for a CC other then the top CC,then the ports for that CC are shown.(By definition the top CC has no ports.)For example,the CC GUI window for CC CoC(which is the type for the CC instance cc1contained within Root)is shown in Figure3.If no components have yet been specified for CoC,then only the input port in1and output port out1would be shown.In top down modeling these ports (with their names)would have been specified in an instance of the CC in the CC window;e.g.,the ports of CoC were specified in the instance cc1in the CC Root.Note that the components in CoC are in the model tree in Figure1.Figure4:Parameter WindowThe purpose of the Port and MultiPort tools is to specify ports and multiports when specifying model elements bottom up instead of top down.The Move,Edit,and Delete tools provide the common editing capabilities.The Parameter tool allows for the specification of parameter values for ACs and CCs.Clicking inside the desired component opens the Parameter window which is shown in Figure4.A modeler can specify an absolute value (such as a number or string)for a parameter,assign the value of an accessible variable, and/or mark the get from EF box to indicate that this parameter can be overridden in the EF(see Figure8).4.2HCFG SpecificationThe MCSs in HCFGs are specified in HiMASS-j by using a MCS GUI window.To specify an HCFG top down,the modelerfirst opens a MCS GUI window for the top MCS of that AC.This is accomplished by either(i)using the Model Navigator to select the appropriate AC and then clicking on the Type button,or(ii)using the Open tool on the appropriate AC in a CC GUI window.Figure5shows the MCS GUI window containing the top MCS of AC AtC.Figure5:MCS Graphical User Interface WindowOne can readily see that there are a set of tool buttons on the right side of the MCS window.The Control State and MCS tools are used to specify Control States(CSs)and MCSs.In Figure5there are3CSs(S1,S2,and S3)and two MCSs(mcs1and mcs2). These tools operate similar to the Component tool in the CC window.New MCSs are automatically put into the model tree as they are specified.Note the MCSs mcs1and mcs2 in the model tree in Figure1.(The MSC AtCFigure6:Edge Dialog BoxThe Edge tool operates similar to the Channel tool.If the(new)edge being specified starts at a MCS,a Pin dialog box opens when the MCS is clicked asking for the name of the (new)pin that the(new)edge will originate at.A pin connects edges at a MCS boundary in the same way a port connects channels at a CC boundary.If this edge terminates on a CS,then the edge appears when that CS is clicked,and if the edge terminates on a MCS, then a Pin dialog box opens when that MCS is clicked to specify the pin name prior to the edge appearing.(See the edges leaving MCS mcs1and the names of the pins of MCS mcs1 in Figure5.)If the edge specified starts at a CS,then an Edge dialog box opens.The Edge dialog box,shown in Figure6,provides for several entries and selections.A modelerfirst selects the edge condition for the type of edge being specified.If a TimeEdge or a BoolEdge is selected,then the name of the time delay function or boolean function is entered into the Condition portion of the dialog box.If a PortEdge is selected,then the associated port is selected from the list of input ports given in the Condition portion of the dialog box(or added if building from bottom up).The name of the event routine is specified in the Event portion of the dialog box and the edge priority is specified in the Priority portion of the dialog box.(A TrueEdge is a BoolEdge that is always true and a null Event is an event that does nothing and these can be specified by clicking on the appropriate buttons.)See the edges leaving the CSs in Figure5.Note that the edge attributes are given in an attribute box located near each edge.The top entry in each edge attribute box gives the edge priority,the second entry gives either the time delay function,the boolean function,or the input port name depending on the kind of edge,and the last entry gives the name of the event routine. In Figure5,the two edges leaving CS S1are TimeEdges,the edge going from CS S2to MCS mcs1is a BoolEdge,and the edge going from CS S2to CS S3is a PortEdge.Note the symbols used to denote the diffenent edge types.Figure7:Event Editor windowTo specify a time delay function,a boolean function,or an event routine,onefirst selects the Edit tool and then selects the desired entry in an edge attribute box.An editor window for that entity will then open.See Figure7for the Event Editor window,whichcontains a sample event for event ev1of MCS AtCFigure8:EF Window Showing Parameters Being Specified When specifying model element attributes,a modeler can check the get from EF box in the dialog box being used.This will generate an entry in the EFfile of the model.An EF entry includes the unique identifier of the attribute,its type,and may include a default value.An EFfile can be manipulated in the EF window,which can be opened either from within HiMASS-j or independent of HiMASS-j.In the EF window a modeler can specify a value for an attribute by(i)typing an absolute value(such as a number or a string)in the V aluefield of the corresponding EF entry or(ii)by assigning the value of a variable of the same type.Figure8shows the Parameter section of the EF window that contains entries for the two parameters seed and mean of the CC instance cc3that is contained within type CoC.The entry for mean is highlighted and the list of variables that have the same type as mean is displayed.The modeler can change the default value by entering a number in the V aluefield or by selecting one of the variables high or low.A modeler must specify a value for each entry in the experimental frame if no default value has been specified.This is the case for the seed parameter in Figure8.Figure9:The Intersection of S¨u dring and Halberst¨a dter Straße5Traffic Intersection ExampleHiMASS-j was used to create a simulation model of the intersection of Halberst¨a dter Straße und S¨u dring,two major streets in the city of Magdeburg,Germany(shown in Figure9). The streets have four to six vehicle lanes and streetcar tracks.Traffic consists of vehicles, streetcars,and pedestrians,and is regulated by traffic lights.The purpose of this model is to study the relationships between traffic light timing patterns and the waiting times of vehicles in the intersection.(A more comprehensive description of this model can be found in Daum1997).The HIG of the intersection model hasfive levels.It contains over400AC instances and over60CC instances that were specified using14AC types and20CC types.The com-plexity of the intersection is modeled in the HIG;the ACs have simple HCFGs.Figure10 shows part of the model tree in the Model Navigator window.Figure10:The Model TreeThe intersection model was specified from top down.The top level CC,which is called S¨u dring and is shown in Figure11,consists of four CCs:north,south,east,and west.These CCs are connected by several multichannels to handle the interactions between them.Each of these CCs contains three CCs:one CC for pedestrian traffic and two CCs for inboundFigure11:The Top Level CCand outbound traffic,respectively.(See Figure10.)An inbound CC,e.g.,contains a CC for each vehicle lane,one CC for streetcars,and one AC for a traffic light.An inbound vehicle lane CC contains at least the following:a Source AC which generates messages representing vehicles,a LightControl AC which can block vehicles based upon the state of the corresponding traffic light,and a Path CC.A Path CC is used to specify sections of the intersection where traffic canflow unrestricted:a continuous stretch of road,streetcar track,or sidewalk.A Path CC(shown in Figure12)containsfive ACs that model basic properties of a path such as its capacity and the minimal time an entity(a vehicle,streetcar, or pedestrian)needs to travel the entire length of the path.Figure12:The Path CCThe ACs employed in the model have simple HCFGs.For example,the TrafficLight AC shown in Figure13has three CSs(R(ed),Y(ellow),and G(reen))and three TimeEdges, which connect R to G,G to Y,and Y to R.The time delay functions red,yellow,and green return the times the light is in a particular state.The events redToGreen and yellowToRed send messages that cause the connected LightCtrl AC to change its state accordingly.Figure13:The TrafficLight HCFGThe intersection model makes extensive use model element parameters and the EF.For example,the means of the interarrival times for instances of the Source ACs and the values to be returned by the time delay functions of instances of the TrafficLight AC are specified in the EF.This makes changing the average arrival rate of entities to the intersection(e.g., for a different time of day)and the traffic light cycle easy.The simulation model produces a tracefile for each simulation run that is used for an animation of the model using Proof Animation(Wolverine Software1995).6HiMASS-j SoftwareHiMASS-j is an object oriented simulation system written entirely in Java(Arnold and Gosling1996).It includes over800kilobytes of sources in over160Java classes in three packages.HiMASS-j has been developed and tested on both SUN workstations running Solaris and Pentium based personal computers running Linux and Windows95.Due to the platform independent nature of Java,HiMASS-j can run without the need to recompile on a wide variety of machines,including several Unix architectures and Apple Macintosh com-puters.HiMASS-j makes extensive use of object-oriented programming features supported by Java such as encapsulation,inheritance,polymorphism,and overloading,and specific Java features such as serialization and platform independence.A compiled HiMASS-j model is independent of the VIM part of HiMASS and can be executed by any software that implements a simulator for HCFG Models and that accepts time delay and boolean functions and event routines specified in Java syntax.HiMASS-j was implemented using the SUN Java Development Kit(JDK)version1.1.x, available from ,and the Java Generic Library(JGL).JGL is currently free and available at /jgl.A user of HiMASS-j needs to be familiar with modeling using the HCFG Model paradigm and a basic understanding of the Java syntax.HiMASS-j can be downloaded from /˜srg/and run with any JDK1.1.5(or newer)compat-ible Java development system that includes a Java compiler,such as the SUN JDK.7SummaryThe set of properties that we believe a modern simulation system should have was given.A subset of these were illustrated in our description of the portion of HiMASS-j that is used for specifying HCFG Models via VIM.A number of features of HiMASS-j were not discussed and many of these would also illustrate some of the properties that we believe are desirable in a modern simulation system.Some of the features of HiMASS-j not discussed are specifying messages,model initial conditions,data collection,and HCFG Models bot-tom up(instead of top down);specifics on specifying event routines,time delay and boolean functions,and variables and their values;and specifics on the use of scaling,EF,and model element reuse.(See Daum and Sargent(1997)for additional discussion of HiMASS-j.)A brief description of a traffic intersection simulation using HiMASS-j was presented. The hierarchical nature of the HCFG Model paradigm allowed for the representation of a complex system in a way that was intuitive and comprehensible.The capabilities for reuse in HiMASS-j simplified the building of the model.For example,only14AC types had to be specified in order to use over400AC instances.The ability to parameterize model element instances was crucial for effective reuse.The visual modeling aspect of HiMASS-j provided a natural way of modeling,thus a verified model was achieved faster than with text based tools for model specification.VIM worked extremely well for the animation of this simulation model because the visual structure of the HIG could be specified to resemble the animation layout.Further details of the intersection model can be found in Daum(1997). (Some other papers on modeling using the HCFG Model paradigm are Farr et al.(1995) and Sargent(1997).)A few comments were made on the HiMASS-j software.(See Daum and Sargent(1997) for additional information.)HiMASS-j was designed and implemented using modern soft-ware approaches and techniques.HiMASS-j differs significantly from HI-MASS(Fritz, Sargent,and Daum1995),an earlier prototype for specifying and simulating HCFG Mod-els that is C++based.Some of the differences are that in HiMASS-j both the HIG and the HCFGs are specified via VIM,there is a clear distinction between types and instances of model elements,the model tree is displayed,there is a model navigator,the use of param-eters is permitted in all of the model elements,reuse of model elements is easy,the EF has extensive capability and is VI,and the Java language is used which allows HiMASS-j to be used on the web.Much has been said about the substantial speed sacrifice that one sometimes has to ac-cept when executing programs in Java instead of C++.However,Java’s disadvantage in this regard has already begun to diminish.Next generation just-in-time compilers significantly increase the speed of Java applications.In addition,efforts are under way to build a Java front end to the GNU compiler(Bothner1997)that would allow ahead-of-time compilation of Java applications into native code providing for performance equal to C++applications.。