上海市六校2017届高三3月联考英语试题(9)

合集下载

2017届上海市浦东新区高三英语三模

2017年浦东新区高三综合练习英语试卷考生注意： 1. 考试时间 120 分钟，试卷满分 140 分2.请认真答卷，并规范文字书写I. Listening Comprehension(略)II. Grammar and Vocabulary (20%)Section ADid you know that spending a few dollars on a bottle of salad dressing could help childrenwith serious illnesses enjoy a week at summer camp? It’s true, (21)________ ________ Newman’s Own.In December 1980, Paul Newman, a famous American film actor, and his friend A.E.Hotchner made gallons of salad dressing to give to family and friends as gifts. Their friends loved it and wanted more, so Hotchner and Newman made more. But this time they decided to sell the test, as a result of (22)________ Newman’s Own was born.By the end of 1982, the first year of production, profits (23)________ (reach) $400,000.Since (24)________ Newman nor Hotchner needed money. Newman said, “Let’s give it all away to (25)________ needs it.” Over the years, Newman’s Own added more and more products. Towards the end of 2008, more than 40 products were being sold, and all of the profits went to charity, more than $265 million worth as of April 2009.The profits (26)________ (donate) to various charities, but the one closest to Newman’s heart is the Hole in the Wall Gang camp, (27)________ (establish) in 1988. This special camp is for seriously ill children. For one week, children at this camp (28)________ forget about their illnesses and enjoy (29)________. Medical needs aretaken care of, and since they are all sick,the children don’t have to feel “different.” It’s all paid for through people (30)________ (buy)salad dressing — a small price for such a great reward.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Minimum wage laws in the U.S. were first introduced during the 1930s in response to the Great Depression. This period was __31__ by falling output, falling prices, and falling employment. The National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA) of 1933 attempted to stop this downward trend by encouraging the __32__ of trade association agreements that established the lowest price and minimum wages. This was the first time that minimum wages were introduced in major industries. But in 1935, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the NIRA was unlawful, and these initial minimum wage agreements came to an end.In 1938, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) established a national minimum wage of $0.25 an hour. This Act __33__ only applied to a relatively small share of the labor force, but has been __34__ over time so that it now applies to about 90% of all nonsupervisory workers.Introductory economies textbooks usually first introduce the minimum wage as an application of demand and supply analysis. This starting discussion is usually based on the following __35__: the labor market is perfectly competitive, the minimum wage covers all workers, and worker productivity is __36__ by the wage rate.While minimum wage increases generally receive __37__ public support, economists have generally argued that such laws will result in an increase in theunemployment rate in low-wage labor markets.An issue related to that of a minimum wage is a growing movement for a “living wage”.Living wage proposals suggest that the __38__ minimum wage is too low to allow families to be above the poverty level. Now, __39__ of this view support “living wage laws” that require the local government to only accept contracts from firms that pay their workers a wage that is high ___40_____a law in 1994. Under Baltimore’s “living wage” requirement, firms must pay a worker an hourly wage that will allow a full-time worker to receive an annual income greater than or equal to the poverty level for a family of three.III. Reading Comprehension (45%)Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When you’re shopping at the grocerystore, you probably expect that the oliveoil you see came from,well, olives. Andthat the organic vegetables were neverexposed to poisonous chemicals.Increasingly, however, there’s achance you might be __41__. In recentyears, there has been a rise in reports of so-called food fraud, or attempts by various entities — including storage workers, suppliers and distributors — to alter products and mislead customers and food companies alike for __42__ gain. Among the more recent examples: “natural” honey containing antibiotics and Italian companies selling “Italian olive oil” from a blend of oils that did not __43__ from Italy.By and large, the fraudsters are trying to make easy money — __44__ for a whole food or pricey ingredient, then cutting it with __45__ stuff secretly. But the health consequences can be __46__.How can this happen? In the U.S., the Pure Food and Drug Act has prevented the “manufacture, sale or transportation of misbranded or poisonous foods” since 1906, and similar laws exist in other countries.But most global food regulators, including the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, aren’t __47__ to enforce them effectively. For the most part, they focus on safety standards — __48__ that foods don’t contain bacteria or viruses — and rely on companies to police their own ingredients, lest they face __49__ backlash（强烈抵制）. But now that food manufacturing has become globalized, supply chains are longer, creating more opportunities for bad actors to __50__. Anyone who can __51__ substituting cheap ingredients for more expensive ones is going to try.Governments are starting to fight back. In 2014, the U.K. created a food-crime unit that collects reports of food fraud. But in order to prevent fraud in the first place, the food industry needs to __52__ the safeguarding of its own production network. So the Global Food Safety Initiative (GFSI) — a trade group including officials from more than 300 food manufactures — will this year start __53__ its members’ supply chains, from field to table, to identify vulnerabilities.__54__, dozens of other food-industry experts recently teamed up with academics from Michigan State University to launch the Food Fraud Initiative （FFI）, a group that studies fraudsters — specifically, how they avoid safeguards — and then advises food companies on how to get rid of them. “There are plenty of criminals out there who are going to wake up and perceive some opportunity for fraud,” says John Spink, director of the FFI. “We just need to make ourselves a(n) __55__ target.”41. A. definite B. peaceful C. optimistic D. wrong42. A. financial B. social C. technological D. potential43. A. initiate B. originate C. withdraw D. profit44. A. asking B. paying C. charging D. harvesting45. A. cheaper B. faulty C. lighter D. bad46. A. ok B. terrific C. incredible D. horrible47. A. honored B. equipped C. justified D. promoted48. A. maintaining B. struggling C. ensuring D. reflecting49. A. consumer B. manufacturer C. market D. organizer50. A. mess around B. make off C. show off D. stand aside51. A. hold on to B. come up with C. get away with D. carry away with52. A. minimize B. upgrade C. publicize D. abandon53. A. recalling B. breaking C. describing D. examining54. A. However B. Meanwhile C. Instead D. Therefore55. A. easier B. nicer C. harder D. rarerSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sleeper trains occupy a romantic corner of any traveler’s soul. One of Hercule Poirot’s most fascinating adventures takes place on the Simplon Orient Express, which used to run from Paris to Istanbul. A famous scene in Alfred Hitchcock’s “North by Northwest” features a night train entering a tunnel. James Bond, meanwhile, detects a spy on a sleeper train after noticing him behave suspiciously in the dining car.In some parts of the world, the nostalgia（怀旧）lives on. The Caledonian Sleeper, complete with smartly dressed waiters, neeps and tatties（白萝卜泥和土豆泥）and a selection of whiskies, is the best way to travel between London and Scotland. Elsewhere, however, sleepers are on their last legs . Flights across Europe have become so cheap that fewer and fewer travelers bother with sleeper trains. Sensing that the end is approaching. Andrew Martin, a British writer, has written a bookabout the sleeper.“Night Trains” is a brief history of the mode, combined with accounts of journeys Mr.Martin has taken on sleeper routes across Europe. The reader joins him on a train Munich,where he eats a tuna sandwich on board. Travelling from Paris to Venice, he thinks he has been robbed of $105. The service to Nice is cancelled, yet such is his love for sleeping aboard that he spends the night on the train as it sits on the platform.These stories make clear that the golden age of the sleeper train is long past. How different things were in the 19th century, when a passenger on the Orient Express could dine on delicacies and good wines. The only modern-day sleeper train which comes up to the Mr. Martin’s exacting standards is the Nordland, which travels towards northern Norway.Those who have no experience of the sleeper trains often ask sleeper enthusiasts: ”Do you sleep?” After a read of Mr. Martin’s book, the answer would seem to be a definite “no”: the noise of the train wake him up time and again. Still, it is hard not to be won over by his enthusiasm. Catch the sleeper train, before it’s too late.56. What can we learn from the underlined sentence in paragraph two?A. Sleeper trains are the last means of transportation for travelers.B. Travelers tend to fall asleep toward the end of their trip.C. Travelers are too exhausted to walk any longer.D. Sleeper trains are becoming out of fashion.57. After reading the book Night Trains, readers ________.A. may enjoy the scenery on their journey from London to Scotland.B. can have the opportunity to travel on the best train in Europe.C. may have a basic understanding of the history of sleeper trains.D. cannot find a similar train living up to the standards of Mr. Martin.58. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A. The noise of the train makes it impossible for travelers to sleep well.B. Readers may be discouraged from riding on sleeper trains.C. The writer of the passages suggests not spending nights aboard.D. For enthusiasts, the love for sleepers outweighs the inconvenience caused.59. The author’s purpose of writing the passage is to ________.A. introduce readers to a new book about sleeper trainsB. compare the advantages of sleeper trains in different periodsC. inform the readers of the rise and fall of sleeper trainsD. recall readers’ memory of an old-fashioned means of transportation(B)Bringing tech into the bedroom can be more harmful than helpful. Glancing at your phone before hitting the bed may be distracting and, more important, the blue light its screen emits is known to make falling asleep more difficult. But that’s not true for all gadgets. These smart-home devices want to invade your bedroom with the aim of improving your sleep.60. All the following gadgets help you with sleep with body contact EXCEPT ________.A. Muse HeadbandB. Here One Smart EarbudsC. Apple IphoneD. S+sleep Monitor61. What is NOT true about blue light?A. Frequent use of cell phones leads to much emission of blue light.B. It makes it harder for your body to produce an essential chemical.C. The Night Shift feature can probably reduce the emission of blue light.D. Blue light reminds you to get to bed and regulates your sleep.62. What’s the best title for the passage?A. Sleep, something well deservedB. Sleep, your name is gadgetC. Sleep, a mission made impossibleD. Sleep, highly dependent on tech(C)The next time a giant Big Mac or Coke flashes into your mind when you’re walking home from the pub, you may not simply have the snacks. And that picture of the model putting on Chanel — no, you’re not daydreaming.A British startup has created a new advertising system that uses lasers to project images up to 200 metres tall from the sides of tall buildings, enabling advertisers to reach people from virtual billboards（广告牌）in the sky. Passers-by will see each image for only between one tenth and quarter of a second, as their eye eye catches the light from certain angles.Advertising agencies and big businesses have already signalled their interest, but Skyline campaigners have branded the technology “greedy” and said that it could fill our skies with showy and tasteless brands.The Echo system, from Lightvert, uses a high laser projector to bounce light off a narrow reflective strip fixed to the side of a building, visible up to 1km away. This creates large-scale images that are captured briefly in the viewer’s eye as a result of the “persistence of vision” effect: the same effect that leaves an imprint of a light source on your vision after you’ve turned away.Daniel Siden, the technology’s inventor, explained: People often think this could be subversive, but it’s not subliminal advertising（隐性广告）as the imagery registers on the conscious level. It’s actually less invasive and more fun than traditional advertising. Mr.Siden said that planning experts have indicated that planning permission should not be a problem outside of conservation area. He said that the system was safe because of the distance between the projector and passers by. And images would be above the line of sight of drivers and cyclists and below the field of vision of airline pilot. The images have been tested and shown not to cause epileptic seizures（癫痫发作）.Because it uses only one strip of reflected light, the system needs a small amount of the power, about one-twentieth of a standard 96-sheet digital outdoor display for an image of the same height.The owners of high-rise properties could use the system to make large returns from installing the laser projector and reflective strip. The company puts the cost of a unit measuring 100 metres at under ￡750,000, based on the present design, anticipating that costs will drop.Still, some Skyline campaigners dislike the technology and believe it deliverssubliminal advertising. Barbara Weiss of the Skyline Campaign, said: “It’s actually offensive. London’s latest tall buildings are not particularly well-built or well designed, but unfortunately people are forced to look at them. Adding stupid advertising that’s invasive in its nature will only make it worse.”63. Why does the writer cite the example of Big Mac, Coke and Chanel in paragraph 1?A. Because he attempts to promote these products to potential consumers.B. Because he studies the association between products and images in advertising.C. Because he tries to illustrate the effectiveness of flashing images of advertised goods.D. Because he wants to introduce a new advertising technology to readers.64. Which of the following statements about the Echo system is true according to the passage?A. Pedestrians can see the flashing images on one side of the building from specific angles.B. The system is composed of a laser projector, a reflective strip and a physical billboard.C. The image lasts between one tenth and quarter of a second in vision even if you turn away.D. It’s a new advertising system developed by a time-honored British company.65. The underlined word “subversive” in paragraph 5 probably means ________.A. SubconsciousB. trouble makingC. harmlessD. imaginative66. Which party is likely to set obstacles to the application of the Echo System?A. Environmentalists worried about energy consumption.B. Drivers, cyclists and pilots whose sight might be affected.C. The Skyline Campaign regarding the image as flashy.D. The patients who suffer from epileptic seizures.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Eachsentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. There are a few relatively simple things a person can do to help improve their memoryB. Meanwhile , it has converted collective memory into an observable phenomenon that can be tracked and measured onlineC. Recently developed information technologies particularly the Internet , have affected how we create , stored and recall informationD. Maurice Halbwachs is generally recognized as the father of collective memory researchE. In all cases , most of the research methods applied to memory studies rely on long proceduresF. Research on collective memory is often based on various aspectsThe way individuals collectively remember , forget , and recall event , people , places , etc,has been an important topic of research on collective memory .67_______________He developed the concept of collective memory , arguing that individual memories are only understood within the context of a group through time and space .68___________They include theoretical concepts , the study of historical sources , oral histories , case studies , interviews, and surveys . For example , one group of researchers carried out several interviews to investigate younger and older American adults for three wars , namely , the Civil War , World War II., and the Iraq War . Although Americans of different ages recalled similar events , the interpretation of some events changed over the generations : both younger and older adults recalled the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki , however , they differed in how they rated the bombings .More recently , memory study scholars tend to stress the significance of the media in shaping collective memories : “ Culture and individuals memory are constantly produced through the technologies of memory .” Under this perspective,research often involves content analysis of news and the use of surveys or interviews for analyzing the public memory . Alternatively , scholars have studied the role of journalists as collective memory agents by manually analyzing the stories journalists tell as professionals and the stories theytell about their profession.69.____________________However, developments in digital technologies in recent years have significantly influenced how we keep track of events both as individuals and as a collective . “The Internet doesn’t forget .” The Internet has had strong impacts on memory and the processes of remembering and forgetting. 70_________________________________. Analyzing different Web documents, researchers have shown that more recent past events are remembered more vividly in the present.Ⅳ.Summary WritingAn Extension of the Human BrainOther people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency . To be exact , other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways , he or she is participating in what I’ve called a “ social prosthetic (义肢的) system.” Such systems do not need to operate face-to face , and it’s clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic system . It’s already a big bank of many minds . Even in its current state , the Internet has extended my memory and judgment . Regarding memory : Once I look up something on the Internet , I don’t need to keep all the details for future use ------I know where to find that information again and can quickly and easily do particularly striking when I’m writing ; I ‘m no longer comfortable writing if I ‘m not connected to the Internet. It’s become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia , or other websites.Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large .For example , when I ‘m writing a textbook , it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term , which helps me dig into the core and understand its meaning . But more than that , I now regularly compare my views with those of many others . If I have a “ new idea”, I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it , or something similar-and I then compare what I think with what others have thought . This certainly makes my own views clearer . Moreover , I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet .V. Translation72. 周末你常常挤出一些时间帮父母做家务吗？（spare）73. 人工智能最终替代人类是不可能的。

2017年1月上海英语高考(春考)答案解析

2017年1月全国普通高等学校招生统一考试上海英语试卷答案解析II. Grammar and Vocabulary21.who。

【解析】考查定语从句。

考查who引导的定语从句，修饰前面的a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal。

The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal who team up to finda missing otter.电影的主角兔子警官和一名狐狸罪犯联合起来寻找一只失踪的水獭。

22.was praised。

【解析】考查一般过去时被动。

praised 被表扬。

“Zootopia” was praised for its sharp humor and strong message since its release.自《动物城》发行以来，它因为突出的幽默和强有力的信息被称赞。

23.between【解析】考查介词。

between在......之间，用于涉及两个人或物相互关系时。

The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relations between two kinds of animals in the city.这部电影在城市的两种动物之间探讨了种族和其他描述关于这种关系的问题。

24.set。

【解析】考查过去分词作后置定语。

set与被修饰词movie是被动关系，且set的过去时和过去分词都是原型，因此用set作后置定语修饰movie。

句意They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie set in several different contexts.他们告诉记者这部电影是作为在几个不同背景下的间谍电影设置的。

2017届上海市浦东新区高三英语三模

2017年3月2017届高三第二次全国大联考（新课标Ⅲ卷）英语卷（解析版）

2017年3月2017届高三第二次全国大联考（新课标Ⅲ卷）英语卷（解析版）第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B.￡9.18.C.￡9.15.答案是C。

1.What does the woman want to do?A.Have her car repaired.B.Get a lift.C.Borrow a car.2.How much extra money does the man need to pay?A.$7.50.B.$1.50.C.$0.50.3.At what time will the woman arrive at the office tomorrow?A.8:00.B.8:30.C.9:00.4.How does the man feel about his test?A.Worried.B.Surprised.C.Satisfied.5.How did the boy get home from school yesterday?A.By car.B.By bus.C.By bike.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各个小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。

2017届上海市十三校高三第二次(3月)联考英语试题及答案1

2017年3月十三校联考高三英语试卷2017.03听力（略）II. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.ALatin study can help Chinese learn English In 1988, I went and started to learn Mandarin in Taiwan. At first it was just the mysterious Eastern culture 25.________ attracted me, but after I read on Confucianism and Taoism, I was amazed by Chinese philosophy.In 1994, I was recommended by a friend to study with renowned philosopher Tang Yijie at Peking University as a doctoral student, 26.__________(focus) on theintroduction and the spread of Christianity in China.Learning ancient languages enables us 27. __________(communicate) with ancient wise men. When I first read The Analects of Confucius in Chinese by looking up the dictionary word by word, I felt like I was talking to them who lived some 2,500 years ago, and it gave me tremendous joy.Nowadays, Chinese are crazy about learning English, 28. ________ many don’t know that English has been influenced by Latin in many ways, and if one wants to understand Western culture, one has to learn Latin. So I always wonder 29. __________ the Chinese are so content with superficial understanding instead of seeking the roots of the language.I used to have a dream of building a language school30. _____________(dedicate) to Western classical languages, 31. ___________ now still seems unrealistic, but I have opened up courses in Renmin University and Beijing Normal University, and on weekends I do public teaching at the Xishiku cathedral (大教堂) and PostWave publishing company, so my dream is being partially realized.Besides teaching, I use my spare time writing books on classics studies and I 32. ___________(publish) more than 30 titles so far. I see my students as my children, and want to give them my best.BModified food examinedStudies on genetic modification(GM) 33. ______________(mention) six times in the annual No. 1 Central Document. This year’s document is the first to propose 34. __________(spread) scientific knowledge related to the use of genetic modification.This is a worthy move in that the authorities appear to have decided to break 35. ____________ long silence about GM technology, says Qing Chuan in an article in Rednet. cn.For too long, opinions on genetically modified crops in China have been divided. Advocates of GM accuse opponents 36. ___________ fear mongering(兜售)， while opponents with either having been bought over by foreign seed companies, or ignoring threats to public health or national food security.The governmental authorities have been sponsoring studies for years but 37. ________ have not talked much about the unauthorized commercialization of research achievements exposed by some reports. Occasionally, government officials have complained about the public’s ignorance and “demonization”(妖魔化) of GM technologies. Yet few of them succeeded in reassuring a worried public with 38. _______________ (convincing) explanations.GM technologies, GM food in particular, have been unpopular thus far not because they’ve been proven unsafe, but mostly because authorities 39. ___________ not have been unnecessarily quiet, says Qing.The public deserves to know 40. _______________ is being done and why, and such knowledge will contribute to their understanding of the issue.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.As many sit down to enjoy plentiful holiday meals this season, it’s also a good time to note the growing problem of food waste.According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, it is 41._____________ that one-third of food produced for human consumption worldwide annually is lost or wasted.The economic and environmental implications of food loss and waste are 42. ____. More than a quarter of the world’s agricultural land is being worked to grow food that nobody eats.What’s the difference between food loss and food waste? Waste happens toward the back end of the food chain, at the retail and consumer level. Loss, on the other hand, mostly 43. _______ at the front of the food chain—during production, post-harvest, and 44. _____ —and it’s more common in the developing world, which tends to lack the base to deliver all of its food, in 45. ______ shape, to consumers.In developed nations, extreme-efficient farming practices, plenty of refrigeration, and first-rate transportation and storage 46. _______ that most of the food they grow makes it to the retail level. But things go rapidly south from there.Store managers 47. ______ over-order, for fear of running out of a particular product. The British supermarket chain Tesco, for example, 48. ______ throwing out nearly 50,000 tons of food within their UK stores during the latest financial year.Consumers are also to 49. ______. We often order too much food in restaurants without taking leftovers home. We overbuy when there is a discount for invitingly packaged food. When we store food, many of us take “use by” dates literally, and we suffer no 50. ______ for dumping eatable food into a bin.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Do you often feel tried in the morning even though you’ve been in bed for seven or eight hour s the night before? Like many people, you are not sleeping as much as you think you are. _51_, your sleep efficiency is not that good.Sleep experts _52_ “sleep efficiency” as the percentage of time that you are actually sleeping.According to explanatory journalism website , the science of sleep efficiency is still young. There is no _53_ number for efficiency that’s been proven as linked to poor health. However, according to a New York Times report about sleep _54_, some experts make a rough estimate of 85 percent or above as a decent place to be.Besides avoiding caffeine intake after lunch and _55_ physical exercise before bed, here are more tips for improving sleep efficiency.Avoid blue light at nightShort wavelength blue light, _56_ by the sun and by the screens of computers, iPads and smartphones, stops production of the sleep-stimulating hormone melatonin (褪黑激素) and makes you feel more _57_. Blue light tells your brain it’s daytime. Experts suggest turning offyour computers and smartphones one hour or at least 30 minutes before bed. You can also try installing apps that can filter blue light on your _58_.Keep a _59_ sleep scheduleGo to bed and wake up at the same time, or _60_ the same time, every day. Avoid excessive sleeping on the weeken d. Consistency is the key to a good night’s sleep, especially when it comes to waking up. When you have a consistent wake-up time, your brain _61_ to this and moves through the sleep cycle in preparation for you to feel rested and alert at your wake-up time. Roughly an hour before you wake, hormone levels increase gradually (along with your body temperature and blood pressure), _62_ you to become more alert.Take napsOne of the biggest _63_ in melatonin production happens during the 1 to 3 pm time frame, which explains why most people feel sleepy in the afternoon. If you aren’t getting enough sleep at night, you’re likely going to feel _64_ to sleep in the afternoon. When this happens, you’re better off taking a short nap (less than 30 minutes) than turning to caffeine or strong tea tokeep you awake. A short nap will give you the rest you need to _65_ the rest of the afternoon, and you’ll sleep much better in the evening than if you drink caffeine or take a long afternoon nap.51. A. By contrast B. In other words C. In conclusion D. On the contrary52. A. treat B. serve C. workD. define53. A. specific B. effective C. generalD. precious54. A. quantity B. absence C. quality D. advance55. A. undertaking B. restricting C. performingD. referring56. A. given off B. given away C. given inD. given over57. A. sleepy B. unconscious C. exhaustedD. alert58. A. installations B. appliances C. devicesD. computers59. A. various B. distinct C. habitualD. changeable60. A. relatively B. exactly C. graduallyD. respectively61. A. adopts B. adapts C. devotes D. dedicates62. A. commanding B. permitting C. remindingD. causing63. A. problems B. peaks C. advantagesD. weaknesses64. A. depressive B. accurate C. desperateD. attentive65. A. see to B. break through C. take toD. get throughSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）You will never stay the same person.Several recent research studies show a person’s personality naturally changes over time in response to life events and most people tend to improve their personalities as they mature.“Personality means a characteristic pattern of thinking, feeling and behaving that is consistent over time and across situations,” says Christopher Sot o, a research psychologist at Colby College in Maine, US., who thinks that personality is about 50 percent innate and 50 percent learned.Psychologists usually use the Big Five personality model——the human personality can be divided into five broad categories—openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism（神经质）and extroversion （外向）.Some personality types are more successful than others. Soto says people who are more conscientious tend to do better in the workplace and school. People who score high on agreeableness and low on neuroticism tend to have more satisfying and stable relationships. Extroverts do better in social and entrepreneurial （创业）occupations.According to Soto, even small changes in a person’s personality can produce important effects on relationships, career, health and happiness. But change takes time.“You start by changing the behavior and then, if you can maintain that new behavior over time, it gets cultivated,” Soto says.Where do you start? “First, we have to recognize which pie ces of our personality affct us,” says Richard Levak, a well-known personality expert. “If I am always getting fired because I get into arguments with co-workers and always blame others, then I have to realize that I have to change something,” he says.Don’t set your expectation too high. Be patient. Warren Kennaugh, a behavioral strategist in Sydney, Australia, says it’s important to start small. Identify a first step and then practice it without worrying about the primary results. “It’s like learning to k ick a football, you focus on the steps, not whether it goes in the goal,” The Wall Street Journal quoted him as saying.You should also let the people close to you know what you’re doing. “Not only can they be supportive,” Kennaugh says, “but a change for you can also mean a change for them—one they may not want or be ready for, if they aren’t told beforehand.”66. The word “innate” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to _________________.A. instructiveB. inbornC. indifferentD. informative67. If Steve is a successful sales manager, who always gets well along with others, he probably has the personality model of _____________.A. agreeableness and extroversionB. conscientiousness and neuroticism]C. agreeableness and neuroticismD. openness and neuroticism68. We can learn from the passage that both Soto and Kennaugh think that _________A. adequate time and patience are needed in developing new personalitiesB. when in trouble, one always needs to reflect on his own behaviorsC. one must begin with small things to cultivate new personalitiesD. we are often not sure of the impact of our personalities on our life69. What is this passage mainly about?A. People tend to be changeable as they mature.B. We can easily alter our personalities in a short timeC. Only those of great patience can change their personalitiesD. We can our personalities with some proper strategies.(B)It’s often interesting to take a look at some of the lists that arrive toward the end of the year such as top devices, best gadgets, most desirable high-tech gift and more. Apart from cell phones and tablets, and Apple and Samsung products, this year many other gadgets made it on the most wanted list from Yahoo Tech and the most searched list from Bing. com. Read on to find out what they are.Wireless headphonePortable Bluetooth headphones represent the next evolution in headphone technology. If you have a compatible smartphone with Bluetooth, the obvious benefit is that you can get rid of the wires snaking from your backpack or pocket. Many of the wireless headphones in the market also have a built-in microphone for taking calls hands-free.Product to buy: Beats Studio WirelessFeatures: Signature look, and powerful audio performance with intense bass and high-mid boosting, plus plenty of accessories.Price: 1898 yuanSmartwatchThe primary advantage of a smartwatch over traditional watches is that they reduce how often you have to pull your phone out of your pocket. With it, the information on your smartphone goes straight to your wrist, and you can decide first if they are worth dealing with.Product to buy: Pebble smartwatchFeatures: Understated design, with easy setup and instant information, and customizable watch faces,plus synes（同步）with Android or IOS.Price: $99 (about 612 yuan)Portable Bluetooth speakerBluetooth speakers are steadily growing in popularity because they let you take the party anywhere. They can be paired with your music device, and they are able to withstand incidental bumps. Though small in size, Bluetooth speakers provide a steady soundtrack for even the lengthiest bacchanalia (狂欢)。

上海市十二校2017届高三下学期3月联考英语试题 (部分答案)

2017届高三十二校英语联考试卷第I卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection A1. A. He thought it was fascinating. B. He agreed with the woman.C. He thought it should have been longer.D. He thought it was boring.2. A. There is still time to finish. B. She cannot do it quickly.C. He needs the letters tomorrow.D. He doesn’t know what time it is.3. A. She lives far away. B. She wants the man to walk with her.C. She has a new car.D. Her car is close.4. A. See the manager immediately. B. Wait for the manager to arrive.C. Arrange to meet the manager the next day.D. Break her appointment with the manager.5. A. She likes some of them. B. She isn’t sure what she thinks about them.C. She agrees with the man’s opinio n of them.D. She hasn’t read any of them.6. A. Tell him the time. B. Take care of his bag.C. Help him find his books.D. Go with him.7. A. Doctor and patient. B. Coach and athlete.C. Boss and secretary.D. Teacher and student.8. A. Chemistry 402 was worse than Chemistry 502.B. He has only had one chemistry course.C. Both chemistry courses are difficult.D. Few chemistry courses are hard.9. A. She doesn’t have an apartment. B. Her problem is complicated.C. She must live somewhere else.D. Her apartment isn’t far away.10. A. The man should watch the program too. B. The man should leave the television on.C. The program will be over soon.D. She’ll watch television later.Section BQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. It gets its water from the ocean. B. It is a little saltier than the ocean.C. It is far from the ocean.D. It is larger than any state.12. A. The lake is too deep. B. The speaker was too heavy.C. The water held up the speaker.D. The speaker’s eyes hurt.13. A. Interesting B. Painful. C. Useful. D. Surprising.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.14. A. Her mother doesn’t love her as much as her grandfather did.B. Her mother was the subject of talks with her grandfather.C. Her mother will misunderstand her problems.D. She missed her grandfather.15. A. Co-workers cannot be your close friends.B. People will be pleased if you call them at 2:00 am.C. You can’t discuss your problems with a distant family.D. The one you can call at 2:00 am. is someone close to you in spirit.16. A. Parents should understand their kids.B. The earth is an inhabited garden if you have close friends.C. There are many ways to make friends.D. There is difference between a lonely desert and inhabited garden.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following report.17. A. Because he is too foolish.B. Because he hasn’t put much time on study.C. Because he doesn’t think study performance is important.D. Because the subjects are difficult.18. A. 1 hour. B. 2 hours. C. 3 hours. D. 4 hours19. A. Soccer practice. B. V olunteering.C. Part-time job.D. Watching TV.20. A. Soccer practice. D. Volunteering.C. Part-time job.D. Studying.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.how to find Happiness without Buying it ?Our materialistic society has led us to believe that happiness cannot obtained without having money .Rather than learning to be satisfied with what we have ,we are taught to want more . We learn from advertising , and from the media , ____21____ we need to buy some toys in order to make ourselves happy , or ______22_____(fulfill ) emotional needs , and that the purchase they are trying to talk us into will provide us with the psychological comfort we are looking ____23_______.Unfortunately , as a society we have bought into these _______24____ (misguide) messages and have come to believe that spending money on certain items ____25________(bring ) us fame ,fortune ,happiness , beauty ,or popularity . As a result , we trade hours of our lives working ,sacrificing time that _______26_____ have been spent with our families ,for the pursuit of the almighty (万能的) dollar.Actually ,there are a number of ways to enjoy life without the need for a great deal of money . For example , think about __27_______ you would spend your time , and what you would do for enjoyment . Change your focus form material possessions to ____28_____that bring you enjoyment ,such as spending quality time with your family and friends. Certainly ,it is important to work and earn enough to provide for our basic needs and the needs of our families , but it is important to recognize ______29_____ the desire for personal possessions becomes overly consuming , _____30_______otherwise will upset a balance between a satisfying work life and a rich home life. The best way to achieve such a balance is to ensure the drive for material possessions does not become all consuming.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A access B. anxious C . concentrate D. negatively E. permittedF. previousG. satisfactionH.sufferI. touchJ. objectivelyK. vitalToo much time spent on your cell phone doesn’t mean you’re more connected and happier.A new research from scientist at Ken State University in Kent , Ohio shows that the more time college students spend on their cell phones , the more ______41_____ they are and the more their academic performance will ____42______.Jacob Barkley , Aryn Karpinsiki and Andrew Lepp studied 500 Kent State University students , each of whom reported their daily cell phone use for the year as well as their level of anxiety and ______43_____with their life.At the end of the year , the students also _____44_____ the researchers to see their official school records for their whole grade point average (GPA) . Not only was greater cell phone use ______45________related to satisfaction and happiness indicators , it was also associated with lower GPAs------ mainly because the students were more anxious and unable to __46______on their studies.While _______47_____research found that cell phones can improve social ineractions and reduce feelings of isolation ,the latest findings ,published in the journal Computers in Human Behavior , suggest that constant ______48____ to information and people may be a double edged-sword（双刃剑）。

2017届上海市八校高三3月联考英语试题及答案

上海市高三英语八校联考I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Scotland is a unique place, full of history, where you can find noble palaces and castles, as well as the traditional parade in national costumes. It has some of 25__________(beautiful) cities in Europe, a living proof of a proud and splendid past.In order to see the true soul of Scotland today, what shaped the character of this splendid region, we 26________ ________go towards the northern regions, to the Grampian Mountains. Beautiful and unspoiled, it was difficult to farm. The Scots conquered the environment with simple spades and strong arms.The history of this ancient struggle, and its people’s ancient love affair with the hard land, 27__________(enclose) within the walls of the Angus Folk Museum. You are able to get a feel of the typical rural atmosphere of times past from the everyday necessities 28__________(display) here.From coastal Aberdeen in towards the interior of the Grampian Mountains there 29 __________(run) the Castle Trail, a road that touches on many fortresses, 30 __________ are witnesses of continual rebellions against the ruling of neighboring England in Scottish history.Perhaps the most uplifting moment for Scottish autonomy(自治) is the 31_________ which was experienced inside this ancient church of Arbroath, 32__________, in 1320, the Declaration of Independence was celebrated at the encouragement of King Robertthe Bruce. He carried out the plan for autonomy drawn up by the great popular hero William Wallace, to whom cinema has devoted the wonderful film “Brave Heart”, the winner of five Oscars.(B)Alice worked in the dry goods store from eight in the morning until six at night. As time passed and she became more and more lonely she began to practice the devices common 33_________ lonely people. When at night she went upstairs into her own room she knelt on the floor to pray and in her prayers 34_________ (whisper) things she wanted to say to her lover.The trick of saving money, begun for a purpose, was carried on after the scheme of going to the city 35_________(find) Ned Currie, had been given up. It became a fixed habit, and when she needed new clothes she did not get them. Sometimes on rainy afternoons in the store she got out her bank book and, 36_________ (let) it lie open before her, spent hours 37_________(dream) impossible dreams of saving money enough 38_________ _________ the interest would support both herselfand her future husband.In the dry goods store weeks ran into months and months into years as Alice waited and dreamed of her lover's return. Her employer, a grey old man with false teeth and a thin grey mustache that drooped down over his mouth, was not given to conversation, and sometimes, on rainy days and in the winter 39_________ a storm raged in Main Street, long hours passed when no customers came in. Alice arranged and rearranged the stock. She stood near the front window where she could look down the deserted street and thought of the evenings when she had walkedwith Ned Currie and of 40_________ he had said.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Are you a science fan? If so, which area interests you: physics, chemistry, or biology? Whichever area it is, science is all about finding answers and 41 _______. Sure, we can read books and find out how many things work and learn equations or formulas to help us better understand the world around us. However, the information we 42 _______from books needs to be put into practice and then used in research to make further 43 _______.The annual “Shanghai Future Science Stars” Contest was held recently, with a variety of entries in different fields, from physics to medicine, submitted(提交) by adolescent science enthusiasts from across the city. This year some notable submissions, ranging from a jumping robotic frog to the 44 _______properties of titanium dioxide(二氧化钛) on hair against UV rays, 45 _______the adolescent scientists’innovations and research skills.In the past, China was a culture of creativity and innovation that contributed some major 46 _______to the world, such as the printing press, paper, the compass and gunpowder. This contest is aimed at nurturing(培养) that creativity and 47 _______people to put into practice what they’ve learnt from books.This nurturing needs to be started in school; science needs to be taught in a way that is fun and engages students’minds. Simply studying other people’s experiments and being told the results isn’t something that 48 _______a student’s imagination. If students are able to conduct some of the smaller experiments themselves, then maybe they will discover a passionfor science they didn’t know they had before.The world is always 49 _______. Today’s scientists and innovators won’t be around forever, so now is the time to find new talent. The next Einstein or Edison might be sitting next to you in class, or it could even be you and you just don’t know it. These competitions are aimed at giving people hands-on experience and the platform to show what they can do.Next time you’re in class, don’t just read and listen; try to think of ways what you are learning can be 50 _______to real-life situations. Look around! It’s an interesting world and maybe you can make it a little better to live in.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blankwith the word or phrase that best fits the context.Arabs consider it extremely bad manners to start talking business immediately. Even the busiest government official or executive always takes 51_______ time to be polite and offer refreshments. No matter how busy you are, you should make time for this hospitality.The "conference visit" is a way of doing business throughout the Arab world. Frequently, you will have to discuss your business 52_______ strangers, who may or may not have anything to do with your business. Do not be surprised if your meeting is 53_______ several times by people who come into the room unannounced, 54_______ or speak softly to the person with whom you are talking, and 55_______. Act 56_______ you do not hear, and never show displeasure at being interrupted.Making decisions 57_______ is not an Arab custom. There is a vagueness in doing business in the Middle East that 58_______ a newcomer. Give yourself lots of time and ask lots of questions. 59_______ is an important quality. You may have to wait two or three days to see high-level government officials as they are very busy. Give yourself enough time. Personal relationships are very important. They are the key to doing business in Arab countries. Try to 60_______ the decision-maker regarding yourproduct service immediately and get to know him on a friend basis.Do your 61_______. Be prepared to discuss details of your product or proposal. Be ready to answer technical questions. Familiarize yourself with the Moslem and national holidays.62_______ a visit during Ramadan, the Moslem month of fasting.Most Arab countries have six-day workweek form. Saturday through Thursday. When matched with the Monday to Friday practice in most Western countries, it leaves only three anda half workdays shared. Remember this in planning your appointments. Moslems do not eat pork. Some are strict aboutthe religion’s prohibition against alcoholic beverages. If youare not sure, wait for your 63_______to suggest the proper thingto drink.When an Arab says yes, he may mean "64_______". When he says maybe, he probably means "no". You seldom get a direct "no" froman Arab because it is considered 65_______. Also, he does notwant to close his options. Instead of “no”, he will say “inshallah”, which means, “if God is willing”. On the other hand, "yes" does not necessarily mean "yes". A smile and a slownod might seem like an agreement, but in fact, your host is being polite. An Arab considers it impolite to disagree with a guest.51. A. extra B. little C. dinnerD. no52. A. at the mention of B. in the presence of C. on behalfof D. with the help of53. A. honored B. hosted C. interruptedD. interpreted54. A. sneeze B. signal C. waveD. whisper55. A. cry B. leave C. smileD. stand56. A. as though B. if only C. even ifD. so that57. A. carefully B. finally C. quicklyD. unwillingly58. A. encourages B. greets C. puzzlesD. welcomes59. A. Bravery B. Courage C. DiligenceD. Patience60. A. admire B. identify C. respectD. thank61. A. experiment B. homework C. prayD. business62. A. Avoid B. Pay C. RejectD. Request63. A. boss B. friend C. hostD. official64. A. yes B. no C. maybeD. inshallah65. A. direct B. formal C. hospitableD. impoliteSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passageis followed by several questions or unfinished statements. Foreach of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choosethe one that fits best according to the information given inthe passage you have just read.(A)Should parents send their freshmen off to campus armed witha debit or credit card to learn how to handle money? Or is itbetter to keep firm control through the Bank of Mom and Dad?The "correct" answer will vary by family and personal preference.The Credit Card Act that took effect 2.5 years ago made itmuch harder for anyone under 21 to get a card. Gone are the daysof card issuers collecting plenty of new customers on campusby handing out free T-shirts or rewards points for spring break.Under-21s can still obtain a credit card if they have a qualified co-signer or proof of sufficient income to repay thedebt. And card issuers still market aggressively to college students, targeting them with pre-screened mail offers. Thatmakes parents, as the likeliest co-signers, more involved inthe card-or-no-card decision.Robyn Kahn Federman of Rochester, N.Y., says there’s “noway”she’ll let either of her two daughters have a credit cardat such a financially tender age. Her daughter Sarah, who’s19 and about to start her second year of college, uses Robyn’sPayPal card instead. That lets her mom fund the balance and see how she spends her money.“I don’t think anything related to debt belongs in the hands of a college kid,” says Federman, communications director of a marketing agency. “The vast majority are not experienced enough with money or aware enough of the risks.”Some students, though, have shown they’re disciplined enough to have their own card on campus.Scott Gamm, 20, a junior at New York University's Stern School of Business, used his income from freelance(自由职业的) work and blogging to obtain a Visa card and then an American Express card. He charges $200 to $300 on them monthly and pays every bill in full.But he has friends who obtained three or four cards within a year and now have big debts.“The more credit you have access to, especially at that young age, the higher the probability you’ll use that card to finance fancy clothes, restaurants and entertainment.” says Gamm.66. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?A. People hold different opinions about their kids using credit cardsB. Credit cards are useful in helping deal with money matters.C. It is better to have Mom and Dad who now run a bank.D. The new Act made it impossible to get a credit card for freshmen.67. To obtain a credit card, an under-21 has to .A. own a credit card of his own previouslyB. have someone to repay the possible debtC. turn to their parents to get their permissionD. ask their parents to write the application letter68. We may infer from the case of Sarah that PayPal card .A. is a kind of credit cardB. funds the balance automaticallyC. has access to creditD. keeps records of money spent69. What is the passage mainly about?A. The Credit Card ActB. Students and credit cardsC. Card issuers and studentsD. Parents and choice of cards(B)Dan Bilsker PhD(Lead Author) Dan is a clinical psychologist who works at Vancouver General Hospital and consults to a mental healthresearchgroup at theUniversity ofBritishColumbia.Merv GilbertPhDMerv is aclinicalpsychologistworkingat BritishColumbia’sChildren’sHospitaland inprivatepracticein Vancouver.David WorlingPhDDavid is aclinicalpsychologistworkingin privatepractice inVancouver.E. Jane GarlandM.D.,F.R.C.P.(C) Jane is a psychiatrist with aMood/Anxiety Disorders Clinic who does research attheUniversity of British Columbia on the treatment ofmood problems.Dealing with Depression is based on the experience of the authors and on scientific research about which strategies work best in overcoming depression. Also, because strategies useful for adults may not be useful for adolescents, depressed and non-depressed teens helped in the development of this guide.Dealing with Depression is intended for:* teens with depressed mood* concerned adults who want to help a depressed teen * other teens who want to help a friend or family member This guide is meant to provide teens with accurate information about depression. It is not a psychological or medical treatment, and is not a replacement for treatment where this is needed. If expert assistance or treatment is needed, the services of a competent professional should be sought.Funding for this guide is provided by the Mental Health Evaluation & Community Consultation Unit (MHECCU) of The University of British Columbia through a grant by the Ministry of Children and Family Development, as part of the provincial Child and Youth Mental Health Plan.70. According to the passage, Dealing with Depression is targeted at .A. researches on depressionB. clinical psychologists giving treatmentC. adults with depressed moodD. people concerned with mood problems71. The four cartoon figures are .A. professionals at universitiesB. natives of British ColumbiaC. clinical psychologistsD. co-authors lead by Dan Bilsker72. What can we learn from the passage?A. Depressed teens provide accurate information about depression.B. Competent professionals will come to provide services if needed.C. Dealing with Depression receives government financial support.D. Dealing with Depression offers expert assistance and treatment.73. After reading this page, we can conclude that it isprobably .A. an advertisement for medicineB. an introduction of a guidebookC. a cartoon about psychologistsD. an introduction of a health problem(C)Edgar Degas, J. M. W. Turner and other painters captured centuries of atmospheric records as they decorated canvases with sunset scenes.Greek scientists worked with an artist to confirm that the ratio of red to green in sunset painting, both old and new, increased when particles filled the air, such as after major volcanic eruption(火山喷发) or dust storms. The atmospheric physicists also found a gradual shift in artistic sunset hues over centuries, possibly due to ever-increasing air pollution during the Industrial Revolution.An earlier study, led by atmospheric physicist Christos Zerefos of the Academy of Athens in Greece, discovered that the amount of red relative to green in sunset descriptions increased after eruptions,including Tambora, Indonesia in 1815, Coseguina, Nicaragua in 1835 and Krakatau, Indonesia in 1883.Zerefos’team analyzed 554 paintings created between 1550 and 1990. For up to three years after eruptions, sunsets reddened as sunlight bounced off dust and gas from the volcanoes. The latest study, also by Zerefos, used improved scanning and analysis techniques to confirm the earlier results.A modern painter, Panayiotis Tetsis, unknowingly repeated the artistic atmospheric observations of classical masters. In the artists’description of sunsets light over the Greek island of Hydra, the color ratio shifted towards red in paintings done both before (June 19, 2010) and after (June 20, 2010) a dust cloud from Sahara Desert filtered the sunset’s light.Zerefos’ team connected the timing of classical paintings’red shift to other records of the atmosphere trapped in ice cores from Greenland, in the recent study published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. The ice cores recorded spikes(尖刺) in sulfur-containing chemicals likely from volcanoes. These spikes corresponded in time to artists’increasingly dark redsunsets.The comparison of ice and art also revealed a slowshift in the coloring of the sunset. As the factoriesof Europe roared into production in the 19th and early20th century, painting described a steady increase in thered to green ratio. The ice cores recorded a steady risein airborne particles from industrial pollution duringthe same time.74. The underlined word “hues”in the second paragraphprobably means .A. anglesB. colorsC. locationsD. times75. What do we know about Zerefos’ research from the passage?A. Both modern and ancient artists describing sunsetare involved in the research.B. It confirmed an obvious increase in the ratio ofgreen to red in sunset paintings.C. The shift from green to red also existed in therecords of ice cores trapped items.D. The team used traditional techniques to confirmthe earlier results of the research.76. How did Zerefos’team confirm that atmospheric records kept by painters were reliable?A. By analyzing classical paintingsB. By connecting time to colorC. By comparing art with iceD. By working with an artist77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. A modern research of ancient art and ice with pollution.B. Art Masterpiece and pollutants trapped in ice cores.C. An increase in the ratio of red to green in paintingsD. Art Masterpiece Recorded Centuries of Pollution.Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Six thousand years ago, farmers in Mesopotamia duga ditch to bring water from the Euphrates River. With that successful effort to satisfy their thirsty crops, they went on to form the world’s first irrigation(灌溉)-based civilization. Sumerian farmers harvested plentiful crops for some 2,000 years thanks to the extra water brought in from the river, but the soil, when water evaporates(蒸发), was eventually reduced to salinization, the poisonous buildup of salts and other substances left behind.Far more people depend on irrigation in the modern world than did in ancient Sumeria. About 40 percent of the world’s food now grows in irrigated soils, which make up 18 percent of global cropland. Farmers who irrigate can typically get in two or three harvests every year and get higher crop yields. As a result. the spread of irrigation has a key factor behind the great increase in global grain production since 1950. Done correctly, irrigation will continue to play a leading role in feeding the world, but as history shows, dependence on irrigated agriculture also brings about significant risks.Fortunately, a great deal of room exists forimproving the productivity of water used in agriculture.A first line of attack is to increase irrigation efficiency. At present, most farmers irrigate their crops by flooding their fields or channeling the water down parallel furrows(犁沟), relying on gravity move the water across the land. The plants absorb only a small fraction of the water; the rest drains into rivers or evaporates. In many locations this practice not only wastes and pollutes water but also degrades the land through water logging and salinization. More efficient and environmentally sound technologies exist that could reduce water demand on farms by up to 50 percent.Drip systems rank high among irrigation technologies with significant untapped potential. Unlike flooding techniques, drip systems enable farmers to deliver water directly to the plants’roots drop by drop, nearly eliminating waste. Studies in India, Israel, Jordan, Spain and the US have shown time and again that drip irrigation reduces water use by 30 to 70 percent and increase crop yield by 20 to 90 percent compared with flooding methods. Sprinklers can perform almost as well as drip methods when they are designed properly.Traditional high-pressure irrigation sprinklers spray water high into the air to cover as large a land area as possible. The problem is that the more time the water spends in the air, the more of it evaporates and blows off course before reaching the plants. In contrast, new low-energy sprinklers deliver water in small doses through nozzles(喷嘴) placed just above the ground. Numerous farmers in Texas who have fixed such sprinklers have found that their plants absorb 90 to 95 percent of the water that leaves the sprinkler nozzles.(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. The ancient irrigation-based civilization in Mesopotamia brought about both .79. The underlined word “practice”in paragraph 3 refers to farmers’ efforts to to irrigate their crops.80. The two examples listed in the passage as efficient ways of irrigation are .81. We may infer from the passage that irrigation has already , though its potential risksdo exist.第II卷（共47分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 我们通常需要一个星期才能从流感中恢复健康。

上海六校届高三月联考英语试题

2017届高三第二次六校联考调研试卷英语Ⅱ.Grammar and V ocabulary (第二大题每小题1分，共20分)Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct . For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blank.On the morning of September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson , who is blind , went early to his th floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting . As Michael worked , office on the 78his guide dog , a Labrador retriever _______(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m, a tremendous boom rocked the building , eliciting screams throughout the floor . Michael grabbed Roselle , trusting that the dog _______(lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.“Forward,”Machael instructed , and they descended the first of 1,463 steps to the lobby._______ about ten floors , the stairwell grew crowded and hot ,and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a womanbecame crazy , yelling that they wouldn't make it. Roselle accompanied the woman ________she finally petted the dog , calmed herself , and kept walking down the stairs.th floor, firefighters started passing Michael on their way up . Around the 30Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, _____ (provide) many of the firefighters with _______ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minutes ,Michael and Roselle reached _____ booby ,and 15 minutes later ,they emerged outsideto a scene of chaos . Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as the South Tower began to collapse. Michael kept a tight grip on Roselle's harness , using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite thecrumbling tower . The street bounced like a trampoline , and “a deafening roar”like a hellish freight train filled the air.Hours later , Michael andRoselle made it home safely . At that moment , they thought they were _______(lucky ) inthe world.In 2004, Roselle developed a blood disorder , ______ prevented her from guiding and touring . She died in 2011.“I ‘ve had many other dogs ,”Mechael wrote , “but there is only one Roselle.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note thatFor thousands of commuting students, Chabot was our Columbia, Annapolis, even our Sorbonne, offering courses in physics, stenography, auto mechanics, ___31___ public accounting, foreign languages, journalism—namethe art or science, the subject or trade, and it was probably in the ___32___. The college had a nursing programthatchurned out graduates, sports teams that funneled athletes to big-time programs, and parking for a few thousand cars—all ___33___, but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.“By some fluke of the punch-card computer era, I made Chabot's dean's list taking classes I loved (oral interpretation), classes I hesitated (health, a requirement), classes I aced, and classes I ___37___ after the first hour (astronomy, because it was all math). I nearly failed zoology, killing my fruit flies by neglect, but got lucky in an English course, “The College Reading Experience.”The books of Carlos Castaneda were incomprehensible to me (andstill are), but my___38___ presentation on the analytic process called structural dynamics was hailed as clear and concise, though I did nothing more than embellish the definition I had looked up in the dictionary.A public-speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons. First, the assignments forced us to get over our ___39___. Second, another student was a stewardess, as flight attendants called themselves in the 70's. She wasstudying communications and was gorgeous. She lived not far from me, and when my VW threw a rod and was in theshop for a week, she offered me a lift to class. I rode shotgun that Monday-Wednesday-Friday, ___40___tongue-tied.Communicating with her one-on-one was the antithesis of public speaking.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When buying a smart phone, I keep my criteria simple. If the device can handle WeChat, phone calls and___41___ the Internet, I purchase it. If it's over 1,000 yuan, I ___42___ it. This approach to acquiring smartphones ___43___for me as I keep my needs basic. Aside from saving myself money, I may have also saved myself from some wounds or burns had I chosen a flawed phone. In recent news, things have been ___44___ for Samsung-literally.Samsung's most recent innovation is called the Note7. Sadly, it was discontinued only 38 days after being made___45___ for consumption. At first, a few customers complained that their phones caught fire while being___46___.Samsung, being responsible, launched an investigation to ___47___ the cases. They issued a global recall on September 1, but it was taken merely as a suggestion and not seen as ___48___. Yet, earlier this month, the tech giantgave a stronger message to worldwide customers, saying all owners must stop using their Note 7s immediately. Commercial forces encourage tech companies to push the envelope and produce new products every few months. Sometimes, a conflict of interests can occur. The greed for innovation has a funny way of causing ___49___ for thebasics- like safety-and the Note7's situation is just one example of this. The device ___50___ all kinds of cool features,including a super-high-resolution camera, an iris scanner and an especially powerful ___51___. Ideally, manufacturersshould consider all relevant aspects when creating new commodities. Samsung has both the money and technical know-how to prevent such negligence. The Note7's ___52___ was most likely rushed in order to make more profit, which ___53___ having the opposite effect. Time will tell how much this oversight will cost with respect toSamsung'fame and future.___54___, it' s safe to assume that Samsung could eventually come back over the horizon and restore its reputation as a manufacturer of excellent smartphones if its new models have no major flaw. In an industry largely runby Apple and Samsung, intense competitions will only bring more benefit to consumers. If Apple were to become theonly ___55___ company, we would be left with few options for top-of-the-line phones.1.A. surf B. access C. launch D. processC. recommendD. abandonB. desire A. buy 2.3.A. works B. checks C. helps D. adapts4.A. growing up B. bringing up C. blowing up D. digging upB. responsible A. accessible D. availableC. affordable 5. A. locked 6.B. broadcast D. carriedC. chargedA. look over D. look intoB. look throughC. look up 7.8.A. aggressiveD. urgentC. anxious B. desperateB. needC. demand 9.A. neglectD. applicationD. forbids B. boasts C. defines 10.A. causesC. chip B. screenD. frame11.A. battery12.B. promotion D. release C. invention A. campaignC. acted outD. turned overA. ended up 13.B. served for14. A. Consequently B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. NeverthelessC. dominantD. feasible A. flexible B. ambitious 15.BSectionDirections : Read the following three passage , each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D . Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For the first time in its history the International Olympic Committee has allowed a team of refugee to compete at the Games. All of the team's members were forced to leave their home countries .Now they've come together to compete under the Olympic flag instead.Making it to the Olympics is something eighteen-year-old swimmer Yusra has always dreamed of . But justlast year, she was swimming for her life. She and her sister were forced to leave their home in Syria because of the warthere. They were trying to get to Greece in a rubber dinghy with eighteen other refugees , when their boat broke downand began filing with water. Most of the people on board couldn't swim so she and her sister jumped in to help push itto shore.Three hours later , they made it to safety , and eventually to Germany as refugees. Refugees are people who have left their home country because their lives are threatened by war, bad treatment or violence –often because of theirrace, gender or beliefs. Around the world , more than 60 million people are in this situation . And some of them , likeYuasra , are elite athletes who have trained all their lives to compete at the highest level , only to have that chance taken away.Now, a team of ten , including swimmers, runners , and judokas from Syria, South Sudan ,Ethipia and Congo have been given the chance to compete at the Games under the Olympic flag. They've also been given their own coaches ,officials ,uniforms and a chef , all paid for by the IOC. And in the past few months they ‘ve been training hard. The IOC says it wants the team to inspire and give hope to other refugees, and draw attention to the issues millions of others around the world are facing . And these guys say they've up to the task , whether they win gold ornot.“These refugee athletes will show the world that despite the unimaginable tragedies that they have faced , anyone can contribute to society through their talent ,skills and strength of the human spirit,”the statement continues.56.What does the underlined sentence mean?A. She trained all her life.B. She swam for the glory of life.C. She swam to escape being drownedD. She swam to escape from other refugees.57.Where do Yusra and her sister live as refugees now?A. SyriaB. GermanyC. CongoD. Ethiopia58.Which of the following is not a reason why the refugees are threatened to leave their country?A. RaceB. ViolenceC. ReligionD. Nationality59.The IOC allowed a team of refugees to compete in the Olympic Games in order to ________A. help the refugees to fulfill their dreams of winning the Olympic gold medalB. offer the refugees a chance to earn bread by themselvesC. light a candle of hope for all the refugees in the worldD. course the darkness of the society by forcing them to pay attention to the life of refugee.(B)As the MOOC craze continues to explode , anyone interested in taking an online course faces a tricky question: Which course to take? Here are five aspects that you should consider before you start.(1) What is your learning style?Many MOOCs are video-based . Other courses use presentation formats . Some also require participation in group work. If you want to stay motivated during your course ,think about how you enjoy learning.Are you a visual learner , preferring to use images to understand a topic? If so , a video-based course will work well for you . If you are a verbal learner who gains new information by speaking and writing , try a text-based coursewith lots of note-taking .Social learners ,meanwhile , will thrive in forum discussions and project-based assessment.(2) Are you ready to become a full-time student?Be realistic about the time that you can commit to your online studies . Participating in an online course can takeas much time and commitment as a class-based program. Check the course requirements and make a plan around yourcurrent schedule.(3) Does the course really meet your needs?Whether you are interested in a professional qualification or want to take a personal development course like yoga , there is a MOOC for you . It's easy to get caught up in the excitement of taking lots of free courses in everything that you ever wanted to learn. Before you start a course , think about the end goal . Is the course aimed atbeginners or advanced learners? Why do you need this qualification?(4) Do you need a support group?Some people learn best from seeing how others approach the problem.. If you are such a leaner , you will need to supplement your online lessons with an in-person support group.(5)What kind of certification will you get?Take time to find out what kind of certification is available upon completion of the course , and how you can prove your learning to others ---for example , certificates ,transcripts or digital badges?60.What kind of MOOCs does the author recommend to verbal learners?A. A video-based courseB. A text-based courseC. A forum-based discussionD. A project-based assessment61. What kind of learners need an in-person support group?A. Learners who prefer individual work.B. learners who are in great need of a certificateC. learners who learn best from seeing how others approach the problem.D. learners who are too busy to become a full-time student62. What is the passage mainly about?A. Picking the right MOOCS for youB. Deciding your learning styleC. Taking the right course you needD. Choosing a suitable support group.CPluto-which famously was degraded from a “major planet”in 2006--- captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote of our solar system .Pluto's underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so appealing . Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas far boy who built telescopes out spare auto parts , old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Obsevatory in Flagstaff , Arizona , Tombaugh's task was to search among millions of stars for a moving point of light ,a planet that the observatory's founders thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune . After years ‘efforts , Tombaughfinally found it . Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American , and represented a moment of light in the darkness of the Great Depression.For decades , Pluto thrived in its role as the ninth major planet of our solar system ,even though it was tiny compared to the others and so far away.However , 62 years after its discovery , two astronomers discovered another planet-like object beyond the orbitof Neptune. Six months later ,they discovered a third object. It looked like Pluto might actually be a member of a sortof asteroid belt , similar to but way beyond one we've known about for a long time between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.Another 14 years passed , dozens more objects beyond Neptune like Pluto had been discovered , so the International Astronomical Union elected to degrade the planet. It now shares its dwarf designation with three of the1,200 bodies that have been located beyond Neptune today , collectively known as “Kuiper Belt Objects.”The Kuiper Belt is populated by icy bodies that are remnants of the solar system's formation. These are the building blocks of planets. We now also know the surface of Pluto contains ices composed of methane, nitrogen, andother compounds familiar to us . It also seems to have a bright polar cap, like on earth . Its atmosphere is very thin,but it's composed largely of nitrogen , like our own.So, as we finally get within 7,800 miles of Pluto today , we scientists are hoping we can finally understand how the chaos at the beginning of the solar system, could have created objects so similar and yet so foreign as Earth and Pluto. Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It's a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own----that the sky isn't the limit at all. We don't know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get out there to look.63. Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in ________A. 1930B.1939C. 1992D. 200664. Now the official designation of Pluto is __________A. Asteroid BeltB. Kuiper BeltC. Major PlanetD. Dwarf Planet65.Pluto and Earth are to some extent similar for_______A. both of them are populated by icy bodies that are remnants of the solar system's formation 4.6 billion years ago.B. the atmosphere of either of them is mainly made up of nitrogen.C. there are ices throughout the surface of bothD . both of them have bright polar caps on the north pole as well as the south pole.66.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. There are nine major planets in the solar system .B. There is an asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.C. Pluto now shares its designation with 1,200 bodies that have been beyond Neptune.D. Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto with the telescope out spare auto parts, old equipment and self-ground lenses.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization . It's very likely that you'll want to have volunteers to help with the organization's activities . To do so , it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let's begin with the question of why people volunteer . __________________________For example , people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness , to expand their range of experiences , and to strengthensocial relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate . To select volunteers , you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so . To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately , these programs can shift people's wish ofparticipatingfrom an internal factor(e.g.,'I volunteer because it's important to me”) to an external factor(e.g., ‘I volunteer becauseI'm required to do so .”) . When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in thefuture._______________________Once people begin to volunteer ,what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question , researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. For instance , one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year . One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction asvolunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.__________ the researchers notethat attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or providethem with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.”Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer”as an important social role.______________ . Participants indicated the degree to which thesocial role mattered by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am .”“Consistent with the researchers “expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identityand the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results , once again , lead to concrete advice:”Once anindividual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity -------- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.”A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustC. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you ,it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.In the United States alone , over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phone are part of a a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver . A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste , the concentration (含氟) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurringminerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals . Even when the machines are recycled and the harmfulmetals removed , the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries , in practically uncontrolled ways whichallow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.raw materials creates much more materials, up to 100 times more, than the materialCreating products out ofcontained in the finished products . Consider again the cell-phone , and imagine the mines that produced those metals ,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in . Many wastes produced in the producing processare harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most wast is dangerous in that “the production , distribution , and use of products ------as well asd management of the resulting waste-----all result in greenhouse gasrelease.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start ---- for instance , buying reusableproducts and recyclingIn many countries the concept of the extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive（动机）for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell theirproducts , would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments' incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money . Why , they ask , should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments' point of view , a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers backto the producers.第Ⅱ卷.( 第1-2句每句3分，第3句4分；第4句5分，共15分)Translation1. 大家都认可，快乐是一个旅程，而非目的地。

2017界高三六校联考学科调研试卷英语

2017届高三六校学科调研卷英语第Ⅰ卷（共100分）Ⅰ.Listening Comprehension(第一大题第1题至10题，每题1分；第11题至20小题，每题1.5分，共25分)（听力部分略）Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary(第二大题每小题1分，共20分)Section ADirection:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word,for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank.On the morning of September11,2001,computer sales manager Michael Hingson,who is blind,went early to his office on the78th floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting.As Michael worked,his guide dog,a Labrador retriever_______(name)Roselle,dozed by his feet.At8:46a.m,a tremendous boom rocked the building,eliciting screams throughout the floor.Michael grabbed Roselle,trusting that the dog_______(lead) out of the danger,and they navigated their way to a stairwell.“Forward,”Machael instructed,and they descended the first of1,463steps to the lobby._______about ten floors,the stairwell grew crowded and hot,and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe.When a woman became crazy, yelling that they wouldn’t make it.Roselle accompanied the woman________she finally petted the dog,calmed herself,and kept walking down the stairs.Around the30th floor,firefighters started passing Michael on their way up.Each one stopped to offer him assistance.He declined but let Roselle be petted,_____ (provide)many of the firefighters with_______would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about45minutes,Michael and Roselle reached_____booby,and15 minutes later,they emerged outside to a scene of chaos.Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as the South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a tight grip on Roselle’s harness,using voice and hand commands,as they ran to a street opposite the crumbling tower.The street bounced like a trampoline,and“a deafening roar”like a hellish freight train filled the air.Hours later,Michael andRoselle made it home safely.At that moment,they thought theywere_______(lucky)in the world.In2004,Roselle developed a blood disorder,______prevented her from guiding and touring.She died in2011.“I‘ve had many other dogs,”Mechael wrote,“but there is only one Roselle.”Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once.Note that there is one word more than you need.A.catalogB.barelyC.freeD.self-consciousnessE.prospectspulsoryG.droppedH.assignedI.certifiedJ.totallyK. transferFor thousands of commuting students,Chabot was our Columbia,Annapolis, even our Sorbonne,offering courses in physics,stenography,auto mechanics, ___31___public accounting,foreign languages,journalism—name the art or science, the subject or trade,and it was probably in the___32___.The college had a nursing program that churned out graduates,sports teams that funneled athletes to big-time programs,and parking for a few thousand cars—all___33___,but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.Classmates included veterans back from Vietnam,women of every marital and maternal status returning to school,middle-aged men wanting to improve their employment___34___and paybacks.We could get our general education requirement out of the way at Chabot—credits we could___35___to a university—which made those two years an invaluable head start.I was able to go on to the California State University in Sacramento(at$95a semester,just___36___ affordable)and study no other subject but my major,theater arts.(After a year there I moved on,enrolling in a little thing called the School of Hard Knocks,a.k.a.Life.)“By some fluke of the punch-card computer era,I made Chabot’s dean’s list taking classes I loved(oral interpretation),classes I hesitated(health,a requirement), classes I aced,and classes I___37___after the first hour(astronomy,because it was all math).I nearly failed zoology,killing my fruit flies by neglect,but got lucky in an English course,“The College Reading Experience.”The books of Carlos Castaneda were incomprehensible to me(and still are),but my___38___presentation on the analytic process called structural dynamics was hailed as clear and concise,though Idid nothing more than embellish the definition I had looked up in the dictionary.A public-speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons.First,the assignments forced us to get over our___39___.Second,another student was a stewardess,as flight attendants called themselves in the70’s.She was studying communications and was gorgeous.She lived not far from me,and when my VW threw a rod and was in the shop for a week,she offered me a lift to class.I rode shotgun that Monday-Wednesday-Friday,___40___municating with her one-on-one was the antithesis of public speaking.III.Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C and D.Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When buying a smart phone,I keep my criteria simple.If the device can handle WeChat,phone calls and___41___the Internet,I purchase it.If it’s over1,000yuan, I___42___it.This approach to acquiring smartphones___43___for me as I keep my needs basic.Aside from saving myself money,I may have also saved myself from some wounds or burns had I chosen a flawed phone.In recent news,things have been ___44___for Samsung-literally.Samsung's most recent innovation is called the Note7.Sadly,it was discontinued only38days after being made___45___for consumption.At first,a few customers complained that their phones caught fire while being___46___.Samsung,being responsible,launched an investigation to___47___the cases.They issued a global recall on September1,but it was taken merely as a suggestion and not seen as ___48___.Yet,earlier this month,the tech giant gave a stronger message to worldwide customers,saying all owners must stop using their Note7s immediately.Commercial forces encourage tech companies to push the envelope and produce new products every few months.Sometimes,a conflict of interests can occur.The greed for innovation has a funny way of causing___49___for the basics-like safety-and the Note7's situation is just one example of this.The device___50___all kinds of cool features,including a super-high-resolution camera,an iris scanner and an especially powerful___51___.Ideally,manufacturers should consider all relevant aspects when creating new commodities.Samsung has both the money and technical know-how to prevent such negligence.The Note7's___52___was most likely rushedin order to make more profit,which___53___having the opposite effect.Time will tell how much this oversight will cost with respect to Samsung'fame and future.___54___,it's safe to assume that Samsung could eventually come back over the horizon and restore its reputation as a manufacturer of excellent smartphones if its new models have no major flaw.In an industry largely run by Apple and Samsung, intense competitions will only bring more benefit to consumers.If Apple were to become the only___55___company,we would be left with few options for top-of-the-line phones.1. A.surf B.access unch D.process2. A.buy B.desire C.recommend D.abandon3. A.works B.checks C.helps D.adapts4. A.growing up B.bringing up C.blowing up D.digging up5. A.accessible B.responsible C.affordable D.available6. A.locked B.broadcast C.charged D.carried7. A.look over B.look through C.look up D.look into8. A.aggressive B.desperate C.anxious D.urgent9. A.neglect B.need C.demand D.application10.A.causes B.boasts C.defines D.forbids11.A.battery B.screen C.chip D.frame12.A.campaign B.promotion C.invention D.release13.A.ended up B.served for C.acted out D.turnedover14.A.Consequently B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.Nevertheless15.A.flexible B.ambitious C.dominant D.feasible Section BDirections:Read the following three passage,each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)F or the first time in its history the International Olympic Committee has allowed a team of refugee to compete at the Games.All of the team’s members were forced to leave their home countries.Now they’ve come together to compete under the Olympic flag instead.Making it to the Olympics is something eighteen-year-old swimmer Yusra has always dreamed of.But just last year,she was swimming for her life.She and her sister were forced to leave their home in Syria because of the war there.They were trying to get to Greece in a rubber dinghy with eighteen other refugees,when their boat broke down and began filing with water.Most of the people on board couldn’t swim so she and her sister jumped in to help push it to shore.Three hours later,they made it to safety,and eventually to Germany as refugees. Refugees are people who have left their home country because their lives are threatened by war,bad treatment or violence–often because of their race,gender or beliefs.Around the world,more than60million people are in this situation.And some of them,like Yuasra,are elite athletes who have trained all their lives to compete at the highest level,only to have that chance taken away.Now,a team of ten,including swimmers,runners,and judokas from Syria, South Sudan,Ethipia and Congo have been given the chance to compete at the Games under the Olympic flag.They’ve also been given their own coaches,officials,uniforms and a chef,all paid for by the IOC.And in the past few months they‘ve been training hard.The IOC says it wants the team to inspire and give hope to other refugees,and draw attention to the issues millions of others around the world are facing.And these guys say they’ve up to the task,whether they win gold or not.“These refugee athletes will show the world that despite the unimaginable tragedies that they have faced,anyone can contribute to society through their talent,skills and strength of the human spirit,”the statement continues.56.What does the underlined sentence mean?A.She trained all her life.B.She swam for the glory of life.C.She swam to escape being drownedD.She swam to escape from other refugees.57.Where do Yusra and her sister live as refugees now?A.SyriaB.GermanyC.CongoD.Ethiopia58.Which of the following is not a reason why the refugees are threatened to leave their country?A.RaceB.ViolenceC.ReligionD.Nationality59.The IOC allowed a team of refugees to compete in the Olympic Games in order to________A.help the refugees to fulfill their dreams of winning the Olympic gold medalB.offer the refugees a chance to earn bread by themselvesC.light a candle of hope for all the refugees in the worldD.course the darkness of the society by forcing them to pay attention to the life of refugee.(B)As the MOOC craze continues to explode,anyone interested in taking an online course faces a tricky question:Which course to take?Here are five aspects that you should consider before you start.(1)What is your learning style?Many MOOCs are video-based.Other courses use presentation formats.Some also require participation in group work.If you want to stay motivated during your course,think about how you enjoy learning.Are you a visual learner,preferring to use images to understand a topic?If so,a video-based course will work well for you.If you are a verbal learner who gains new information by speaking and writing,try a text-based course with lots of note-taking.Social learners,meanwhile,will thrive in forum discussions and project-based assessment.(2)Are you ready to become a full-time student?Be realistic about the time that you can commit to your online studies. Participating in an online course can take as much time and commitment as a class-based program.Check the course requirements and make a plan around yourcurrent schedule.(3)Does the course really meet your needs?Whether you are interested in a professional qualification or want to take a personal development course like yoga,there is a MOOC for you.It’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of taking lots of free courses in everything that you ever wanted to learn.Before you start a course,think about the end goal.Is the course aimed at beginners or advanced learners?Why do you need this qualification?(4)Do you need a support group?Some people learn best from seeing how others approach the problem..If you are such a leaner,you will need to supplement your online lessons with an in-person support group.(5)What kind of certification will you get?Take time to find out what kind of certification is available upon completion of the course,and how you can prove your learning to others---for example, certificates,transcripts or digital badges?60.What kind of MOOCs does the author recommend to verbal learners?A.A video-based courseB.A text-based courseC.A forum-based discussionD.A project-based assessment61.What kind of learners need an in-person support group?A.Learners who prefer individual work.B.learners who are in great need of a certificateC.learners who learn best from seeing how others approach the problem.D.learners who are too busy to become a full-time student62.What is the passage mainly about?A.Picking the right MOOCS for youB.Deciding your learning styleC.Taking the right course you needD.Choosing a suitable support group.CPluto-which famously was degraded from a“major planet”in2006---captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote of our solar system.Pluto’s underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so appealing.Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas far boy who built telescopes out spare auto parts,old farm equipment and self-ground lenses.As an assistant at Lowell Obsevatory in Flagstaff, Arizona,Tombaugh’s task was to search among millions of stars for a moving point of light,a planet that the observatory’s founders thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune.After years‘efforts,Tombaugh finally found it.Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American,and represented a moment of light in the darkness of the Great Depression.For decades,Pluto thrived in its role as the ninth major planet of our solar system,even though it was tiny compared to the others and so far away.However,62years after its discovery,two astronomers discovered another planet-like object beyond the orbit of Neptune.Six months later,they discovered a third object.It looked like Pluto might actually be a member of a sort of asteroid belt, similar to but way beyond one we’ve known about for a long time between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.Another14years passed,dozens more objects beyond Neptune like Pluto had been discovered,so the International Astronomical Union elected to degrade the planet.It now shares its dwarf designation with three of the1,200bodies that have been located beyond Neptune today,collectively known as“Kuiper Belt Objects.”The Kuiper Belt is populated by icy bodies that are remnants of the solar system’s formation.These are the building blocks of planets.We now also know the surface of Pluto contains ices composed of methane,nitrogen,and other compounds familiar to us.It also seems to have a bright polar cap,like on earth.Its atmosphere is very thin,but it’s composed largely of nitrogen,like our own.So,as we finally get within7,800miles of Pluto today,we scientists are hoping we can finally understand how the chaos at the beginning of the solar system,could have created objects so similar and yet so foreign as Earth and Pluto.Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet.It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own----that the sky isn’t the limit at all.We don’t know whatkinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get out there to look.63.Pluto was discovered by Clyde Tombaugh in________A.1930B.1939C.1992D.200664.Now the official designation of Pluto is__________A.Asteroid BeltB.Kuiper BeltC.Major PlanetD.Dwarf Planet65.Pluto and Earth are to some extent similar for_______A.both of them are populated by icy bodies that are remnants of the solar system’s formation4.6billion years ago.B.the atmosphere of either of them is mainly made up of nitrogen.C.there are ices throughout the surface of bothD.both of them have bright polar caps on the north pole as well as the south pole.66.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A.There are nine major planets in the solar system.B.There is an asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.C.Pluto now shares its designation with1,200bodies that have been beyond Neptune.D.Clyde Tombaugh discovered Pluto with the telescope out spare auto parts,old equipment and self-ground lenses.Section CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once.Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization.It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities.To do so,it should help understand why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer. __________________________For example,people volunteer to express personalvalues related to unselfishness,to expand their range of experiences,and to strengthen social relationships.If volunteer positions do not meet these needs,people may not wish to participate.To select volunteers,you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so.To increase levels of community service,some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately,these programs can shift people’s wish of participating from an internal factor(e.g.,’I volunteer because it’s important to me”)to an external factor(e.g.,‘I volunteer because I’m required to do so.”).When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in the future._______________________ Once people begin to volunteer,what leads them to remain in their positions over time?To answer this question,researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time.For instance,one study followed238volunteers in Florida over a year.One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.__________the researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.”Another study of302volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view“volunteer”as an important social role.______________.Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as“Volunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am.”“Consistent with the researchers“expectations,they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer.These results,once again,lead to concrete advice:”Once an individual begins volunteering,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity--------Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.”A.People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs.B.People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustC.It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work.D.Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E.Although this result may not surprise you,it leads to important practical advice.F.Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Section DDirections:Read the following passage,Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more e your own words as far as possible.In the United States alone,over100million cell-phones are thrown away each year.Cell-phone are part of a a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants.The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver.A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste,the concentration(含氟)of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed,the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries,in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more materials,up to100 times more,than the material contained in the finished products.Consider again the cell-phone,and imagine the mines that produced those metals,the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装)it came in.Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S.Environmental Protection Agency notes that most wast is dangerous in that“the production,distribution,and use of products------as well asd management of the resulting waste-----all result in greenhouse gas release.”Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start----forinstance,buying reusable products and recyclingIn many countries the concept of the extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive（动机）for reducing waste.If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products,would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments’incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money.Why,they ask,should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap(气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments’point of view,a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.第Ⅱ卷.(第1-2句每句3分，第3句4分；第4句5分，共15分) Translation1.大家都认可，快乐是一个旅程，而非目的地。

上海市14校2017届高三下学期3月联考英语试题 Word版含解析

2017年上海高三十四校联考英语试卷听力部分（略）Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below , fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct . For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with proper form of the given word; for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blanks.Highly gifted children benefit from explanation as much as their peersSchools tend to assume that highly gifted children can manage by themselves and that they do not need any extra support . As a result , they sometimes seem (21)_______(forget) . Psychologist Bar V ogelaar conducted a research and discovered that a high gift does not mean (22) _______(perform) to the children’s maximum capacity . He finds out that this group too benefit from training and explanation and that strangely enough , the benefits are the same (23) ________both groups.In his research , V ogelaa made use of dynamic tests (动态测试)，(24) _______ ________children received training and their progress was measured afterwards to give a better image of their learning capabilities , 522 children aged between five and ten years ----173 highly gifted and 349 averagely gifted -----took part in (25)______ was so-called learning potential test ; The children (26)_________(assign) to solve analogical reasoning （类推）tasks. Three boxes were filled with figures that changed from one box to the next according to a particular rule, for example , in size or in position . The children had to use analogical reasoning to draw (27)_______figure in the last box.Afterwards , the children were given a training ,(28)________(follow) by a further set of tasks as a post-assessment. V ogelaar:” This kind of test gives a better insight into how well children learn because we are able to measure (29)_______ __________ how much they progress on a new task , but also how much and what kind of help they need to achieve this progress.”The test showed that all groups of children made progress , from the starting to the post-measurement , with major individual difference . “ it confi rms that talented (30)_______ many children are , they benefit from teachers’ help to a great extent , and that they don’t always show their full potential in test.” V ogelaar concludes. 21. to be forgotten 22. performing 23. for 24. in which 25. what26. were assigned 27. the 28. followed 29. not only 30.as/thoughSection BDirections :Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once, Note that there is one word more than you needA . strategy B. committing C. shifts D. well-being E. coinedF. prioritizingposedH. valued I . access J. uncertaintyK. reductionWork-life balanceWorklife-balance is a state charactered by a high level of satisfaction, functionality , and effectiveness while successfully performing several tasks all together. The non-work activity is not only limited to family life but to various occupations and activities of which one’s life is ___31______. Studies suggest the existence of cell phones and other internet based devices enables _____32____to work related issues in non-working periods , thus ,adding more hours and work load.A relative decrease in the time spent working nonstandard ______33__has been proven to have significant negative effects on family and personal life. The immediate effect is a decrease in general _____34_____as the individual is unable to properly assign appropriate amount of time necessary to maintain a balance. Therefore , extensive research has been done on properly managing time as a main ____35___ of managing stress.The condition where work performance is negatively affected by high-level stress is termed burnout , in which the employee experience a significant ___36_____in motivation . According to Vroom’s Expectancy Theory , when the outcome of work performance are offset （抵消）by the negative impacts on the individual ‘s general well-being , or , are not __37______enough by the employer, levels of motivation are low. Time management , ____38____ certain tasks and actions according to one’s values and beliefs , is among the suggested courses of action for managing stress and maintaining a healthy work-life balance . The reality of constant increase in competition and economic ___39_____ frequently forces the employee to keep thebalance for the sake of financial and job security . Therefore , work-life balance policies are __40_____ by many businesses and dealt by line managers and supervisors , rather than at the organizational level as the employee’s well being can be more carefully observed and monitored.Section BDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrase marked A, B, C,D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In commerce ,customer experience is measured during all points of contact against the indiv idual’s expectations over the duration of their relationship with a company . Customers __41____direct or indirect contact with a company. Direct contact usually occurs when the ____42___ or use is initiated by the customer . Indirect contact often involves advertising , news reports , unplanned __43_____ with sales representatives ,word-of-mouth recommendations or criticisms . Customer experience is created by the contribution of not only the customers’ ___44____ but also the company providing the experience.The development of a positive customer experience is important as it increases the chances of a customer to make continued purchase and develops brand loyalty . Brand loyalty can turn customers into _____45__ , resulting in a long term relationship . Nevertheless , males and females respond to the same brand differently . ____46___if female consumers are the target market , an app advert focused on the emotion of the product will provide an effective customer experience.In this present day it requires more than just low prices and innovative products to ___47____ the competitiveness of the retail （零售）business. Customer experience has emerged as a vital strategy for all retail business that are facing competition. When a customer is undertaking the experience , it is seen as personal and unique. It is through the ____48___of goods and services that customers create a memorable experience they will never forget.On the whole , one of the most efficient ways to develop customer experience is concerned with the ___49____. Today , retail stores tend to exist in shopping areas such as malls or shopping districts. Very few operate in area alone. Therefore , a shopping centre’s reputation that a store is located in will affect a customer’s experience . If the location is ___50____with historical richness, it can provide an opportunity for the town centre and local business to connect at deeper level with their customers. So it is suggested that town centre management and retail outlets should work ___51____ to develop an effective customer experience.Another effective ways of improving the customer’s experie nce is by actively engaging a customer with an activity . Customers are able to recall active , hands-on experience much more effectively and accurately than ____52___ activities . Ofcourse , while active hands-on experiences can greatly develop value creation, it can produce value____53____ . Only by understanding what causes satisfaction or dissatisfaction of a customer’s experience, can management appropriately ___54_____changes within their approach.Anyway , what the company needs to do is some change in the vision, evaluation and , above all ,the ____55___ with customers . Customers experience can only be changed when it becomes a business’s top priority.41. A. take up B. enter for C. respond to D. act upon42. A. purchase B. opponent C. benefit D. emotion43. A. discounts B. encounters C. account D. discussions44. A. predictions B. memories C. virtues D. value45. A. objectives B. advocate C. miracles D. symbols46. A. For example B. In addition C. In contrast D. In all47. A. highlight B. seek C. judge D. survive48. A. variety B. feedback C. stimulation D. security49. A. environment B. opportunity C. poverty D. service50. A. satisfied B. bound C. owned D. compared51. A. independently B. fiercely C. cooperatively D. reductantly52. A. extensive B. negative C. persuasive D. passive53. A. destruction B. image C. alert D. definition54. A. reform B. implement C. drain D. bridge55. A. discipline B. satisfaction C. overlook D. interaction Section BDirections:Read the following three passage . Each passage is followed by several questions . For each of them there are four choices marked A,B, C, and D. Choose the best answer that best fits according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)For anyone who thinks of themselves as a leader—or an effective manager of their career—accepting a degree of fear when faced with high-stakes decisions may be necessary. Therese Huston, author of a new book about decision-making, urges those who suffer to enjoy it. Tell yourself this isn’t anxiety, this is excitement, she says. Research shows that facing these workplace difficulties with relish（享受）is better than trying to be calm. Forcing yourself to think about a high-pressure situation as an exciting challenge enables you to screen out the negative judgments of others and focus.If you’re not seeing threats everywhere, then you’ll make better decisions, says Ms Huston, a cognitive psychologist who advises companies on how to improve heir decision-making. In How Women Decide, which contains advice for everyone, she draws on research from Alison Wood Brooks of Harvard Business School, who found that trying to calm down can be counterproductive. Studying performance anxiety, Ms Wood Brooks discovered that reassessing stress as excitement can boost results. And the stress brought on by a dilemma needs to be tackled, for the sake of making good and balanced decisions.Ms Huston recommends exploring other options when facing a choice, rather than obsessing about a yes versus no—a binary choice with risks attached piles on the pressure. You should pause and introduce another alternative. Therefore, as to such questions as ‘Should I take this job or not?’, ‘or stay where I am but ask for a new role?’ Ms Huston maintains that decisions based on a simple two-way choice turned out to be more problematic half of the time.Considering more than two options resulted in a more positive verdict（评判）on the decision a year or so later. Ms Huston advises practising the art of generating more than one option in everyday choices when you are calm and relaxed. Make it a habit, she suggests, because when you are stressed, you usually want to move quickly from ‘What am I going to do?’ to ‘At least I’m doing something’.56. Ms Huston believes that ________________.A. accepting fear to some extent is necessary when leaders are making decisionsB. keeping cool is better than feeling anxious when making decisionsC. negative judgments are helpful when leaders are making decisionsD. reassessing stress as excitement can boost results57. In paragraph 1, the underlined phrase “screen out” probably means ____________.A. acceptB. reflectC. eliminateD. broadcast58. According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A. Suppose you believe threats are everywhere, you’ll make bett er decisions.B. It’s better to remain calm down when you are faced with obstacles.C. Facing a choice, you should stick to “yes” or “no” questions.D. It’s advised to avoid a simple two-way choice when making decisions.59. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?A. Threats are everywhere.B. Stay calm when makingdecisions.C. Enjoy it when facing high pressure.D. Make it a rule to consider more than two options.B60. If you suffer from insomnia _________________.A. midday shut-eye may be helpfulB. a short afternoon nap is probably a good thingC. napping during the day is considered a good habitD. a little bit of a power nap decreases your night time sleep desire61. A quick nap can be beneficial for common people except those ______________.A. who have a problem falling into sleep at nightB. whose memory is not good enoughC. who suffer from shift-work syndromeD. whose blood pressure is too high62. It can be inferred from the passage that _____________.A. naps are helpful for those who have obstructive sleep apneaB. more oxygen through your nose might improve sleep qualityC. a 45-minute daytime nap can be beneficial for those with insomniaD. a quick nap can pull everyone through a sleep-deprived day(C)Human activities are largely responsible for climate change, which is already having an observable effect on our planet. Particularly emissions from the burning of fossil fuels such as oil and gas have led to an increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Key indicators of climate change-including rising average temperatures, melting glaciers, and rising sea levels-are expected to have devastating consequences for humans and environments. Tackling the challenge posed by climate change will require a coordinated and global effort.Acknowledging that climate change is a common concern of humankind, delegations from 195 states successfully negotiated a new and binding international agreement to protect the global climate at the 21st Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change（UNFCCC）held in Paris in December 2015, The successful adoption of the Paris Agreement was also due to the hard work of a host of non-state actors, including NGOs and research institutions working to address the challenges of climate change.With the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol due to expire in 2012, governments agreed to begin negotiations on an emissions reductions treaty for the post-Kyoto era at the 2007 Conference of Parties（COP）in Bali. In line with the agreement reached by the parties to the UNFCCC at the 2011 COP in Durban to negotiate a new climate protection treaty, this process was concluded successfully with the adoption of Paris Agreement in late 2015.One of the key innovations of the Paris Agreement is the adoption of a clearly defined target to limit global warming. The signatory states have agreed to limit the rise in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels. In order to achieve this, the agreement requires parties to prepare, communicate and maintain so-called“Nationally Determined Contributions”（NDCs）that they intend to achieve. These national commitments represent a further departure from the model of Kyoto Protocol.The Paris Agreement does not include any language on precisely what states should include in these commitments. While the emissions reduction targets specified for each country under the terms of the Kyoto Protocol were the outcome of multilateral negotiations, under the Paris Agreement states are invited to determine their national contributions as they see fit. The NDCs submitted so far under the Paris Agreement will not be sufficient to keep global warming below the two degree target. However, the agreement also requires that states review the implementation of their NDCs and update their pledges every five years. The first evaluation of theimplementation of the Paris Agreement is scheduled for 2023.63. Which of the following is not the result of greenhouse effect?A. Average temperature risesB. Glaciers meltC. Human beings burn fossil fuelsD. Sea levels rise64. In what aspect is Paris Agreement different from Kyoto Protocol?A. National contributions are not stated clearly in Paris AgreementB. Kyoto Protocol were the outcome of multilateral negotiationsC. Paris Agreement acknowledges and climate change is a common concern of humankindD. Specified targets each state should achieve are not included in Paris Agreement65. It can be concluded from the passage that ___________.A. Kyoto Protocol is still working nowB. With Paris Agreement, human beings needn’t worry about climate change anymoreC. Paris Agreement will probably not achieve the goal of keeping global warming below 2°CD. National commitments in Paris Agreement agree with the model of the Kyoto Protocol66. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. The Cause of Climate ChangeB. The Paris Agreement and Global Climate PolicyC. Kyoto Protocol Replaces the Paris AgreementD. The outcome of Paris AgreementSection CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than youSex difference in sports interest: What does evolution say?Sports are enormously popular, and one striking pattern is that boys and men are typically much more involved than are girls and women. This sex difference has policy implications, and it raises fundamental questions about the mature of sex differences. A recent review article by Deaner, Balish, and Lombardo（2016）, published in Evolutionary Behavioral Sciences, analyzes the relevant theoretical work.First, the authors demonstrated that females’ under-representation in sport—both as participants and spectators—generally reflects their lesser sports interest, not merely fewer opportunities for involvement. Moreover, this sex difference occurs in all societies described thus far, from hunters and gatherers to large contemporary societies. ______（67）____________.Next, the authors explored adaptive, functional hypotheses（猜想）for sports. One hypothesis holds that individual compete in sports to gain status and that non-participants monitor sports performances so they can evaluate potential competitors and allies（同盟）.______（68）_______. Another hypothesis is that sports serve as courtship displays that advertise participant quality to the opposite sex. This hypothesis effectively explain some aspects of female’s sports interest.____（69）____. Although it is often assumed that socialization practices entirely cause this sex difference, the evidence that socialization plays a role remains doubtful. In particular, no systematic historical comparison has ever shown a decrease in the sex difference. Moreover, several studies indicate that inborn hormones contribute to males’ greater sports interest.The points from this review are that the sex difference in sports interest is widespread, partly due to evolutionary pressures that differentially affected males and females, and unlikely to be fully overturned by socialization. ______（70）______, Most notably, Title IX is a U.S. law that prohibits sexual discrimination in educational opportunities , including sports and Title IX is generally implemented under the assumption that females’ sports interest is inherently eq ual to that of males. The present research indicates that this implementation may require revision.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.Could goats become our new best friends?In a new paper in the journal Biology letters, researchers from QMUL’s School of Biological and Chemical Sciences found that goats respond to people by gazing at them when facing a problem they cannot solve alone, and their responses change depending on the person’s behaviour.To investigate, the team trained goats to remove a lid from a box to receive a reward. They made the reward inaccessible and recorded their reaction. In the test, the goats redirected their gaze frequently between the inaccessible reward and human experimenters. They also gazed towards a forward facing person earlier, more often and for longer compared to when the person was facing away.The results provide strong evidence for complex communication between humans and goats, which were domesticated primarily for agricultural production, and show similarities with animals bred to become pets or working animals, such as dogs and horses.The research indicates that the domestication of animals has a much broader impact on our knowledge about human-animal relationship than previously believed. For example, it’s thought that the capacity of dogs to be aware of information from humans is the result of changes to the brain from becoming a companion animal through domestication.“Goats were the first livestock（家畜）species to be domesticated, about 10,000 years ago,” said lead author Dr Alan McElligott from the School’s Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology.“From our research, we know that many domesticated animals, for agricultural production are smarter than their reputation suggests, and these results show how they can communicate and interact with their human handlers just as pets or working ani mals.”The researchers hope the study will lead to a better understanding of how skilled livestock are in their ability to solve problems and interact with humans. They also wish that an improvement in animal welfare would be reached ultimately. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English , using the words given in the blanks.72. 店主在卖这台空气净化机时向你开价多少？（charge）73. 参加社区服务对于提高青少年的综合能力有好处。

上海市六校2017届高三3月联考物理试题 Word版含答案

2017届高三六校学科调研卷物理本卷g均取10m/s2考生注意：1、答卷前，考生务必在试卷和答题纸上用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔清楚填写学校、班级、姓名、学号，并用2B铅笔在答题纸上正确涂写学号。

2、第一大题的做大必须用2B铅笔涂写在答题纸上相应区域内与试卷题号对应的位置，需要更改时，必须将将原选项用橡皮擦去，重新选择。

第二、第三大题的作答必须用黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置（作图可用铅笔）。

3、第16、17题要求写出必要的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。

只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不能得分。

有关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中必须明确写出数值和单位。

一、单项选择题（共40分，每小题4分，每小题只有一个正确选项。

）1.下列关于物理学发展史的说法中正确的是（）A.伽利略通过理想斜面实验，提出了力是维持物体运动状态的原因；B.法拉第为了解释磁体产生的磁场提出了分子电流假说；C.楞次在对理论基础和实验资料进行严格分析后，提出了电磁感应定律；D.奥斯特发现了电流周围存在磁场，提出了电流的磁效应。

2.下列有关分子运用理论的说法中正确的是（）A.分子的平均动能越大，分子运动得越剧烈；B. 物体的状态变化时，它的温度一定变化；C. 物体内分子间距离越大，分子间引力一定越大；D. 布朗运动是液体分子的热运动。

3.物块静止在固定的斜面上，分别按图示的方向对物块施加大小相等的力F，A中F垂直于斜面上，B中F垂直于斜面向下，C中F竖直向上，D中F竖直向下，施力后物块仍然静止，则物块所受的静摩擦力增大的是（）4.在如图所示的电路中，闭合开关S后，a、b、c三盏灯均能发光，电源电动势为E，内阻为r。

现将变阻器R的滑片稍向上滑动一些，则（）A. b灯和c灯变暗，a灯变亮；B. a灯和c灯变亮，b灯变暗；C. a灯和c灯变暗，b灯变亮；D. a灯和b灯变暗，c灯变亮。

5.如图所示，在倾角为α的光滑斜面上，垂直纸面放置一根直导体棒，在导体棒中通有垂直纸面向里的电流，图中a点在导体棒正下方，b点与导体棒的连线与斜面垂直，c点在a 点左侧，d点在b点右侧，现欲使导体棒静止在斜面上，下列措施可行的是（）A.在a处放置一电流方向垂直纸面向里的直导体棒；B. 在b 处放置一电流方向垂直纸面向里的直导体棒；C. 在c 处放置一电流方向垂直纸面向里的直导体棒；D. 在a 处放置一电流方向垂直纸面向里的直导体棒。

上海2017学年高三英语联考试题(11).doc

2017学年度第一学期联考高三英语II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s time to go out for a run!As little as five minutes of running or jogging each day can help people reduce their risk of premature death by nearly one-third and extend their lives by about three years, according to a U.S. study.The researchers tracked the exercise habits of over 55,000 adults in the United States for six to twenty-two years. About 24 percent of the adults described themselves (21)_____ runners. Compared to th ose who didn’t run, those who did were 30 percent (22)_____(likely) to die of any cause during the course of the study. These figures (23)_____(adjust) to take into account people’s smoking and drinking habits, how old they were (24)_____ they enrolled in the study, their family’s health history and their other exercise habits.The researchers divided up the roughly 13,000 runners into five groups (25)_____(base) on how many minutes they ran per week. Those (26)_____ were in the lowest group ran up to 50 minutes over a seven-day period, and those in the highest group ran for more than 175 minutes over the course of a week. According to the study, the benefits of running were pretty much the same for all runners.“Running even at lower doses or slower speeds was associated with significant benefits,” the researchers wrote in their report. (27)_____(reduce) the risk of premature death, they calculated, all it took was 30 to 59 minutes of running per week.“This finding has clinical and public health importance,” the report continues. “Time is one of the strongest barriers to (28)_____(participate) in physical activity. This study may motivate more people to start running. People who (29)_____ hardly devote 20 minutes to moderate physical activity each day may appreciate the efficiency of a five-minute run.” However, it is not clear (30)_____ the findings of this study would apply to the nation as a whole.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.1The common wisdom is that introverts (内向的人) and extroverts (外向的人) do not work well together. This wisdom, as author Jennifer Kahnweiler makes clear in her new book, The Genius of Opposites, is 31 correct in the sense that cooperation is often going to be difficult, filled with battles and miscommunications, and sometimes deliberate 32 .Somehow, however, the introvert-extrovert partnerships produced 33 results. The key to such success, according to Kahnweiler, is the five-step process at the heart of her book.The first step, Kahnweiler argues, is to 34 each other’s differences. If introverted and extroverted people want to partner, they have to realize they will never change the personality of the other person. Instead, each partner has to make a conscious effort to understand the other.The sec ond step is that battles don’t have to be avoided. Instead, they can be the means through which each partner is challenged by the other; resulting in solutions that are better than those that might have been developed 35 .The third step is to cast the character. Because there are two very different personalities in the partnership, partners should take on the roles that best fit their 36 personalities.Kahnweiler’s fourth step is to 37 the dislike. Two people with opposite personalities must work on learning to respect and like each other as much as possible.The fifth and final step is that each can’t offer everything. Introvert-extrovert consulting partnerships are often powerful because neither partner could offer customers all they want—but the two partners working together are able to 38 a much more various but complementary (互补的) product or service.For each step, Kahnweiler covers why that particular step is important. Also, Kahnweiler writes, a major conflict can actually be a turning 39 in the relationship, paving the way to a productive cooperation. However, battles can also deal fatal blows to introvert-extrovert cooperation. If partners don’t bring out the obvious problems, the result can 40 destroy the partnership.The Genius of Opposites is filled with stories of conflicts, most resolved through an effort at communication and a foundation of respect.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The Advantages of an AgendaAn agenda is a list of topics to be introduced and discussed during a meeting. Agendas generally include a reading of the last meeting’s minutes or notes, relevant announcements, a review of the topics2for discussion and a roll call. Although agendas take time to set up, in the long run they can 41 time and resources.Agendas provide an outline of discussion topics. The outline 42 the chairman or members of the meeting forgetting important topics to introduce. When all topics are thoroughly discussed, valuable decisions can be made as a group during the meeting instead of 43 making plans outside the meeting.Agendas provide an opportunity to 44 members through announcements about critical events, goals and tasks. Agendas enable members who might not have access to everyone in the organization to announce important news and hear news of interest. Without an agenda, announcements may not be communicated to all the members, which can result in 45 . Agendas also summarize 46 meetings to help members review the progress made and 47 the focus for the current meeting.Agendas generally mention items to be discussed for the next meeting. This gives the members a chance to 48 the discussion topics before the meeting. At many meetings, outspoken members are more than eager to participate while reserved individuals may be more 49 . However, knowing what is going to be discussed enables members to research topics of interests, 50 how the topics apply to their area and then make thoughtful, quality contributions at the meeting.An agenda prioritizes the most important activities, 51 productivity and focuses the members. The mere presence of an agenda creates a formal atmosphere and discourages members from 52 time. The agenda prepares the chairman and encourages consistency (一致性) and organization. An agenda also sets the objectives and gives the members a goal. This organizes the thoughts of the members, direction of the meeting and the action after the meeting.A collection of past agendas is an ideal 53 for external and internal institutions, organizations and the public for viewing the progress of your organization. The documentation helps the public and organization members assess 54 decisions, remind them of previous events or important figures and set feasible goals. The roll call also helps administration determine the most dedicated members by counting 55 and reviewing contributions to the meeting. This can help with decisions on which members to promote or assign the role of addressing the public.41. A. take B. limit C. save D. invest42. A. finds B. suggests C. sets D. prevents43. A. hurriedly B. favorably C. confidently D. nervously44. A. warn B. question C. assure D. inform45. A. coincidence B. confusion C. agreement D. criticism46. A. previous B. crucial C. annual D. regular47. A. shift B. narrow C. lose D. find48. A. choose B. keep C. prepare D. handle49. A. hesitant B. realistic C. active D. curious350. A. insist on B. believe in C. approve of D. think about51. A. restores B. influences C. reduces D. increases52. A. sparing B. wasting C. gaining D. devoting53. A. record B. situation C. alternative D. combination54. A. tough B. right C. past D. final55. A. numbers B. attendance C. losses D. moneySection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）The composing career of Albert Roussel got off to a wayward start, and received one of its biggest advances from a lie.Roussel was orphaned at the age of eight and went to live with his grandfather. He built on the music he had learned from his mother, entertaining himself by reading through the family music collection and playing operatic selections and popular songs on the piano.Three years later Roussel’s grandfather died, and his mother’s sister took him in. Her husband arranged for young Albert to take piano lessons. Summer vacations at a Belgian seaside resort added a second love to his life—the sea. He studied to be a naval cadet (军官学校学员), but still made time to study music.In the French Navy, while he was stationed on a cruiser based at Cherbourg, he and two friends found the time to play the piano trios (三重奏) of Beethoven and other composers. Roussel also began composing. At the Church of the Trinity in Cherbourg on Christmas Day 1892, he had his first public performance as a composer with the performance of his Andante for string trio and organ.That success encouraged Roussel to write a wedding march, and one of his fellow naval officers offered to show it to an outstanding conductor, Edouard Colonne. When Roussel’s friend returned with the manuscript (手稿), he reported that Colonne had advised Roussel to give up his naval career and devote his life to music.Not long afterward, at the age of 25, Roussel did just that. He applied the self-discipline, conciseness, and spirituality that he had developed in the navy to his composing and became a major force in twentieth century French music. As for Eduoard Colonne’s inspiring advice that Roussel devote his life to music—Roussel’s navy friend later admitted that he had made it up and that he had never even sho wn Roussel’s manuscript to the conductor.56. From “a wayward start” in Paragraph 1, we know Albert Roussel’s composing career _____.A. was a great success at firstB. was inspired early in every wayC. was unpredictable in the beginningD. was a happy one because of a lie457. Who first brought music to Roussel’s life?A. His mother.B. His grandfather.C. His piano teacher.D. His fellow naval officer.58. Why did Roussel join the Navy?A. He didn’t want to live with his mother’s sister.B. He loved the sea because of his holidays.C. He wanted to practice music with his friends.D. He thought it could help him create music.59. The following factors except _____ led to his success as a composer.A. his love for musicB. the conductor’s inspiring adviceC. his navy friend’s lieD. the good qualities acquired in the navy( B)60. The underlined phrase “a grant” in the first line most probably means _____.A. bank interestB. a credit cardC. an education feeD. financial aid61. A 31-year-old nurse wishes to qualify as a doctor at a university. She has worked since she was 25.How much extra money will she get a year?5A.None.B. £155.C. £615.D. £515.62. A big bank offers a new student special services because _____.A. they need student accounts badlyB. they charge students extra interestC. they know he can get money regularlyD. they hope he’ll be a potential customer(C)Publicity offers several benefits. There are not costs for message time or space. An ad in prime-time television may cost $250,000 to $5,000,000 or more per minute, whereas a five-minute report on a network newscast would not cost anything. Publicity reaches a mass audience within a short time and new products or company policies are widely known.Credibility about messages is high, because they are reported in independent media. A newspaper review of a movie has more believability than an ad in the same paper, because the reader associates independence with objectivity. Similarly, people are more likely to pay attention to news reports than to ads. For example, Women’s Wear Daily has both fashion reports and advertisements. Readers spend time reading the stories, but they skim through the ads. Furthermore, there may be 10 commercials during a half-hour television program or hundreds of ads in a magazine. Feature stories are much fewer in number and stand out clearly.Publicity also has some significant limitations. A firm has little control over messages, their timing, their placement, or their coverage by a given medium. It may issue detailed news releases and find only portions mentioned by the media, and media have the ability to be much more critical than a firm would like.For example, in 1982, Procter & Gamble faced a massive publicity problem over the meaning of its 123-year-old company logo. To fight this negative publicity, the firm had a spokesperson appear on Good Morning America to disprove the rumor(谣言). The false rumors were temporarily put to rest. However, in 1985, publicity became so troublemaking that Procter & Gamble decided to remove the logo from its products.A firm may want publicity during certain periods, such as when a new product is introduced or new store opened, but the media may not cover the introduction or opening until after the time it would aid the firm. Similarly, media determine the placement of a story; it may follow a report on crime or sports. Finally, the media decide whether to cover a story at all and the amount of coverage to be devoted to it.63. All of the following advantages of publicity are mentioned EXCEPT _____.A. time savingB. attentivenessC. profitabilityD. credibility64. Compared with ad, news report or featuring stories are more _____.A. believableB. clearC. dependentD. subjective65. The example of “Procter & Gamble” is given to show _____.6A. the efficient way of disproving rumorsB. the importance of a spokespersonC. the interaction between firms and mediaD. the negative effect of publicity66. What’s the author’s attitude towards publicity?A. Doubtful.B. Objective.C. Passive.D. Supportive.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Psychology of DiscountingWhen retailers (零售商) want to persuade customers to buy a particular product, they typically offer it at a discount. According to a new study to be published in the Journal of Marketing, they are missing a trick.A team of researchers, led by Akshay Rao of the University of Minnesota’s Carlson School of Management, looked at consumers’ attitudes to discounting. Shoppers, they found, much prefer getting something extra free to getting something cheaper. 67 .Consumers often struggle to realize, for example, that a 50% increase in quantity is the same as a 33% discount in price. They overwhelmingly assume the former is better value. In an experiment, the researchers sold 73% more hand lotion (护手霜) when it was offered in a bonus pack than when it carried an equivalent discount.This numerical blind spot remains even when the deal clearly favours the discounted product. In another experiment, this time on his undergraduates, Mr Rao offered two deals on loose coffee beans: 33% extra free or 33% off the price. 68 .Studies have shown other ways in which retailers can exploit consumers’ mathematical illiteracy.69 . People are more likely to see a bargain in a product that has been reduced by 20%, and then by an additional 25%, than one which has been subject to an equivalent, one-off, 40%reduction.70 . When advertising a new car’s efficiency, for example, it is more convincing to talk about the number of extra miles per gallon it does, rather than the equivalent percentage fall in fuel consumption.There may be lessons for regulators too. Even well-educated shoppers are easily foxed. Sending everyone back to school for maths refresher-courses seems out of the question. But more noticeably displayed unit prices in shops and advertisements would be a great help.7IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.An Italian company has told staff to stop sending any internal emails for a week in an effort to reduce stress levels.Home textiles (纺织品) company Gabel, based in the northern Como region, asked an expert to interview its employees about what their main concerns were at work, the local La Provincia di Como website reports. Many said that managing the huge volume of internal emails was a burden during the working day. That made the company’s management propose a solution, which—somewhat ironically (讽刺地)—was sent to all staff in an email.“Together we will begin the following experiment, which will take us back in time to when people talked more,” managing director Emilio Colombo wrote, declaring an “email free” week until 13 November. “We invite you not to use email for internal communications (between colleagues at the same location), in favour of a more direct and immediate contact.”The company’s president, Michele Moltrasio, tells the BBC it hasn’t been easy to stop such a deep-rooted practice, even temporarily, but that employees have welcomed the challenge. “They are rediscovering the pleasure of meeting and talking rather than writing,” he says. And that includes Mr Moltrasio, who is avoiding emails along with everyone else. “Even if from next week we all go back to using email, these days of experimentation are very worthwhile, to understand and rethink the methods and pace of working,” he says.Several recent studies have found that a high volume of emails raises stress levels at work. In 2013, researchers said that a full inbox (收件箱) led to peaks in people’s blood pressure and heart rate. And last year, a study at the University of British Columbia found that limiting email use during the day lowered people’s stress levels significantly.8第Ⅱ卷（共40分）I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 你有可能劝服他不去美国吗？(persuade)2. 这个会议只是浪费了大家时间，根本什么决定都没做成。

上海市八校2017届高三联考英语试题

2017届高三年级八校联合调研英语试卷2016年11月(总分值140分，考试时间120分钟)第I卷〔共90分〕II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(10×1=10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”Section B〔10×1=10分〕Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ____31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum〔电磁光谱〕to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first obse rvation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive?This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass〔恒星质量〕” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hol e merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A〔15×1=15分〕Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our 41 , he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: ta king and using the world’s resources, 42 ____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is 43 a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental 44 . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to 45 __ its aims and assumptions. What do they say -- and will their ideas take off?To its 46 , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, theynote, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the 48 , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product), a simple 49 which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors. 50 , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite〔复合的〕index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person 51 in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held 52 .Mainstream economists are not 53 . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists 54 self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already 55 safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.41. A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceship42. A. ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious43. A. less B. smaller C. more D. larger44. A. movements B. influences C. limits D. threats45. A. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionize46. A. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professors47. A. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflected48. A. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientific49. A. number B. product C. idea D. measure50. A. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its place51.A. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. paused52.A. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequate53.A. impressed B. involved C. concerned D. appointed54.A. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer to55.A. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawingSection B〔11×2=22分〕Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfallwhen I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait," a neighbor advised. "You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here."And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned〔未经修剪的〕abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple.Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens.My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don't kill it, now," he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words:The trees that have it in their pent-up budsTo darken nature and be summer woodsOne thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again."56. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _________________.A.he feels relievedB. he feels blueC. he is surprisedD. he is tired57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________.A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhoodB. have been abandoned by its original ownerC. have been neglected by everyone in the communityD. be appealing only to the author58. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________.A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the treeB.they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the treeC.they were concerned about the safety of the treeD.they wanted to get to know the author59. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________.A.when spring would arriveB. how to pass the long winterC. the neighborhood gatheringD. the pruning of the apple tree(B)60. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park?A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.61. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting.A. Mountaineering on Elie de BeaumontB. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley TrackC. Skiing on Tasman GlacierD. Climbing Mount Cook62. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________．A. properly evaluate your own experience and skillB. get your permit prepared before you start to climbC. hire local guides to help you to train for climbingD. avoid exploring glaciers in winter(C)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such conflicting evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消〕by job creation and economic stimulation. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labormarket problems.63. In Paragraph 2, the author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that_____________.A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’sB. unemployment is more intolerable todayC. social programs are more in need nowD. income level has increased since the 1930’s64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.B.Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacity.C. Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working.D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted.65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by _________________.A. those doing a low-paid, part-time jobB. children in single-earner familiesC. workers who have just retiredD. full-time workers who become unemployed66. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering.B. Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.C. When poverty, employment, and earnings figures agree with each other.D. How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related suffering.Section C〔4×2=8分〕Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highestpillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____67_________It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ____68_______. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ___69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.____70_____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.第II卷(共50分〕I.Summary (10分)Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It's not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. "I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It's costly," says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, "after finding out half my daughter's class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead"Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. "When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done."Tutoring isn't simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. "A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework," says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. "Others couldn't help their children after Grade 3."There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. "Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor,"Diamond says. "Now it's becoming the norm to have one."Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. "For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need," she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.II. Translation〔3+3+4+5=15分〕Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 没过多久，失主就来认领他的行李了。

上海市六校2017届高三3月联考英语试题及答案

上海市六校2017届高三3月联考英语试题及答案2017届高三第二次六校联考调研试卷英语Listening ComprehensionPart A short ConversationsDirections: In part A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation , a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it , read the four possible answers on your paper , and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Angry B. Tired C. Hungry D. Disappointed2.A. She did a survey a week ago. B. She completed her survey quicklyC. She will help him on ThursdayD. She thinks she can reduce the cost3. A. In a grocery B. In a warehouseC. In a shopping m allD. In a fashion designer’s studio4. A. He wrote it last semester B. He’ll finish it in a few minutesC. He never does assignments earlyD. He isn’t going to write it.5. A. Boss and secretary B. Coach and athleteC. Doctor and patientD. Teacher and student6. A. 10:00 B. 10:10 C.10:20 D. 10;307. A. The electrician came to repair the lamp B. The lamp was taken to the repair shopC. She had Mike fix the lampD. The lamp was replaced8. A. Studying B. Watching televisionC. Coming upstairsD. Going to the movies9. A. She had gone to photography class insteadB. She has not chosen a picture for itC. She had broken her cameraD. She was unable to have her pictures taken10. A. Dick is practically the only one who thinks so .B. Most people play football differentlyC. Few people are optimistic about the team’s chances of winningD. Dick is disappointed in football games.Part B PassagesDirections: In Section B, you will hear one short passage and two longer conversations . After each passage or conversation , you will be asked several questions . The passage and the conversations will be read twice. But the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question , read the four possible answers on you paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. When directions are long B. When directions are shotC. When homework is givenD. When your mother talks12. A. Your pen and paper B. A few wordsC. Your mind and earsD. Some pictures13. A. Topics or page numbers B. Key words or pa picture inmindC. Some detailsD. School assignmentsQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. The teenagers ‘ strange behaviorsB. The teenagers ‘s criticism of their parentsC. The dominance of the parents over their childrenD. Misunderstanding between teenagers and their parents15. A. Because they want to make their parents angryB. Because they have no other way to enjoy themselvesC. Because they have a strong desire to be leaders in style and tasteD. Because they want to show their existence by creating a culture of their own.16. A. They should be obedient B. They should be responsibleC. They should be cooperativeD. They should be independentQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation17. A He hadn’t found the job.B. He found a job as a teacherC. He was preparing for final exam .D. he found a job as a writer18. A . Writers B. InterviewsC. Newspaper reportersD. Teachers19. A. New York B. Boston C. California D. Los Angeles20. A. Continue his education B. Start a newspaperC. Write a bookD. Continue to find jobs.Ⅱ.Grammar and Vocabulary (第二大题每小题1分，共20分) Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct . For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word, for the other blanks , use one word that best fits each blank.On the morning of September 11, 2001, computer sales manager Michael Hingson , who is blind , went early to his office on the 78th floor of the North Tower of the World Trade Center to prepare for a meeting . As Michael worked , his guide dog , a Labrador retriever _______(name) Roselle, dozed by his feet.At 8:46 a.m, a tremendous boom rocked the building , eliciting screams throughout the floor . Michael grabbed Roselle , trusting that the dog _______(lead) out of the danger, and they navigated their way to a stairwell.“Forward,” Machael instructed , and they descended the first of 1,463 steps to the lobby._______ about ten floors , the stairwell grew crowded and hot ,and the fumes from jet fuel had made it hard to breathe. When a woman became crazy , yelling that they wouldn’t make it. Roselle accompanied the woman ________she finally petted the dog , calmed herself , and kept walking down the stairs.Around the 30th floor, firefighters started passing Michael on their way up . Each one stopped to offer him assistance. He declined but let Roselle be petted, _____ (provide) many of the firefighters with _______ would be their last experience of unconditional love.After about 45 minutes ,Michael and Roselle reached _____ booby ,and 15 minutes later ,they emerged outside to a scene ofchaos . Suddenly the police yelled for everyone to run as the South Tower began to collapse.Michael kept a tight grip on Roselle’s harness , using voice and hand commands, as they ran to a street opposite the crumblin g tower . The street bounced like a trampoline , and “a deafening roar” like a hellish freight train filled the air. Hours later , Michael andRoselle made it home safely . At that moment , they thought they were _______(lucky ) in the world.In 2004, Roselle developed a blood disorder , ______ prevented her from guiding and touring . She died in 2011.“ I ‘ve had many other dogs ,” Mechael wrote , “but there is only one Roselle.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.For thousands of commuting students, Chabot was our Columbia, Annapolis, even our Sorbonne, offering courses in physics, stenography, auto mechanics, ___31___ public accounting, foreign languages, journalism—name the art or science, the subject or trade, and it was probably in the ___32___. The college had a nursing program that churned out graduates, sports teams that funneled athletes to big-time programs, and parking for a few thousand cars—all ___33___, but for the effort and the cost of used textbooks.Classmates included veterans back from Vietnam, women of every marital and maternal statusreturning to school, middle-aged men wanting to improve their employment ___34___ and paybacks. We could get ourgeneral education requirement out of the way at Chabot—credits we could ___35___ to a university—which made those two years an invaluable head start. I was able to go on to the California State University in Sacramento (at $95 a semester, just ___36___ affordable) and study no other subject but my major, theater arts. (After a year there I moved on, enrolling in a little thing called the School of Hard Knocks, a.k.a. Life.)“By some fluke of the punch-card computer era, I made Chabot’s dean’s list taking classes I loved (oral interpretation), classes I hesitated (health, a requirement), classes I aced, and classes I ___37___ after the first hour (astronomy, because it was all math). I nearly failed zoology, killing my fruit flies by neglect, but got lucky in an English course, “The College Reading Experience.” The books of Carlos Castaneda were incomprehensible to me (and still are), but my___38___ presentation on the analytic process called structural dynamics was hailed as clear and concise, though I did nothing more than embellish the definition I had looked up in the dictionary.A public-speaking class was unforgettable for a couple of reasons. First, the assignments forced us to get over our ___39___. Second, another student was a stewardess, as flight attendants called themselves in the 70’s. She was studying communications and was gorgeous. She lived not far from me, and when my VW threw a rod and was in the shop for a week, she offered me a lift to class. I rode shotgun that Monday-Wednesday-Friday, ___40___ tongue-tied. Communicating with her one-on-one was the antithesis of public speaking.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there arefour words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When buying a smart phone, I keep my criteria simple. If the device can handle WeChat, phone calls and ___41___ the Internet, I purchase it. If it’s over 1,000 yuan, I ___42___ it. This approach to acquiring smartphones ___43___for me as I keep my needs basic. Aside from saving myself money, I may have also saved myself from some wounds or burns had I chosen a flawed phone. In recent news, things have been ___44___ for Samsung-literally.Samsung's most recent innovation is called the Note7. Sadly, it was discontinued only 38 days after being made ___45___ for consumption. At first, a few customers complained that their phones caught fire while being ___46___. Samsung, being responsible, launched an investigation to ___47___ the cases. They issued a global recall on September 1, but it was taken merely as a suggestion and not seen as ___48___. Yet,earlier this month, the tech giant gave a stronger message to worldwide customers, saying all owners must stop using their Note 7s immediately.Commercial forces encourage tech companies to push the envelope and produce new products every few months. Sometimes, a conflict of interests can occur. The greed for innovation has a funny way of causing ___49___ for the basics- like safety-and the Note7's situation is just one example of this. The device ___50___ all kinds of cool features, including a super-high-resolution camera, an iris scanner and an especially powerful ___51___. Ideally, manufacturers should consider all relevant aspects when creating new commodities. Samsung has both the money and technical know-how to prevent such negligence. The Note7's ___52___ was most likely rushed in orderto make more profit, which ___53___ having the opposite effect. Time will tell how much this oversight will cost with respect to Samsung' fame and future.___54___, it' s safe to assume that Samsung could eventually come back over the horizon and restore its reputation as a manufacturer of excellent smartphones if its new models have no major flaw. In an industry largely run by Apple and Samsung, intense competitions will only bring more benefit to consumers. If Apple were to become the only ___55___ company, we would be left with few options for top-of-the-line phones.1. A. surf B. access C. launch D. process2. A. buy B. desire C. recommend D. abandon3. A. works B. checks C. helps D. adapts4. A. growing up B. bringing up C. blowing up D. digging up5. A. accessible B. responsible C. affordable D. available6. A. locked B. broadcast C. charged D. carried7. A. look over B. look through C. look up D. look into8. A. aggressive B. desperate C. anxious D. urgent9. A. neglect B. need C. demand D. application10. A. causes B. boasts C. defines D. forbids11. A. battery B. screen C. chip D. frame12. A. campaign B. promotion C. invention D. release13. A. ended up B. served for C. acted out D. turned over14. A. Consequently B. Therefore C. Furthermore D. Nevertheless15. A. flexible B. ambitious C. dominant D. feasibleSection BDirections : Read the following three passage , each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D .Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)F or the first time in its history the International Olympic Committee has allowed a team of refugee to compete at the Games. All of the team’s members were forced to leave their home countries .N ow they’ve come together to compete under the Olympic flag instead.Making it to the Olympics is something eighteen-year-old swimmer Yusra has always dreamed of . But just last year, she was swimming for her life. She and her sister were forced to leave their home in Syria because of the war there. They were trying to get to Greece in a rubber dinghy with eighteen other refugees , when their boat broke down and began filing with water. Most of the people on board couldn’t swim so she and her sister jumped in to help push it to shore.Three hours later , they made it to safety , and eventually to Germany as refugees. Refugees are people who have left their home country because their lives are threatened by war, bad treatment or violence –often because of their race, gender or beliefs. Around the world , more than 60 million people are in this situation . And some of them , like Yuasra , are elite athletes who have trained all their lives to compete at the highest level , only to have that chance taken away.Now, a team of ten , including swimmers, runners , and judokas from Syria, South Sudan ,Ethipia and Congo have been given the chance to compete at the Games under the Olympic flag. They’ve also been given their own coaches ,officials ,uniforms and a chef , all paid for by the IOC. And in the past few months they ‘ve been training hard. TheIOC says it wants the team to inspire and give hope to other refugees, and draw attention to the issues millions of others around the world are facing . And these guys say they’ve up to the task , whether they win gold or not.“These refugee athlete s will show the world that despite the unimaginable tragedies that they have faced , anyone can contribute to society through their talent ,skills and strength of the human spiri t,” the statement continues.56.What does the underlined sentence mean?A. She trained all her life.B. She swam for the glory of life.C. She swam to escape being drownedD. She swam to escape from other refugees.57.Where do Yusra and her sister live as refugees now?A. SyriaB. GermanyC. CongoD. Ethiopia58.Which of the following is not a reason why the refugees are threatened to leave their country?A. RaceB. ViolenceC. ReligionD. Nationality59.The IOC allowed a team of refugees to compete in the Olympic Games in order to ________A. help the refugees to fulfill their dreams of winning the Olympic gold medalB. offer the refugees a chance to earn bread by themselvesC. light a candle of hope for all the refugees in the worldD. course the darkness of the society by forcing them to pay attention to the life of refugee.(B)As the MOOC craze continues to explode , anyone interested in taking an online course faces a tricky question: Which course to take? Here are five aspects that you should consider before you start.(1) What is your learning style?Many MOOCs are video-based . Other courses use presentation formats . Some also require participation in group work. If you want to stay motivated during your course ,think about how you enjoy learning.Are you a visual learner , preferring to use images to understand a topic? If so , a video-based course will work well for you . If you are a verbal learner who gains new information by speaking and writing , try a text-based course with lots of note-taking .Social learners ,meanwhile , will thrive in forum discussions and project-based assessment.(2) Are you ready to become a full-time student?Be realistic about the time that you can commit to your online studies . Participating in an online course can take as much time and commitment as a class-based program. Check the course requirementsand make a plan around your current schedule.(3) Does the course really meet your needs?Whether you are interested in a professional qualification or want to take a personal development course like yo ga , there is a MOOC for you . It’s easy to get caught up in the excitement of taking lots of free courses in everything that you ever wanted to learn. Before you start a course , think about the end goal . Isthe course aimed at beginners or advanced learners? Why do you need this qualification?(4) Do you need a support group?Some people learn best from seeing how others approach the problem.. If you are such a leaner , you will need to supplement your online lessons with an in-person support group.(5)What kind of certification will you get?Take time to find out what kind of certification is available upon completion of the course , and how you can prove your learning to others ---for example , certificates ,transcripts or digital badges?60.What kind of MOOCs does the author recommend to verbal learners?A. A video-based courseB. A text-based courseC. A forum-based discussionD. A project-based assessment61. What kind of learners need an in-person support group?A. Learners who prefer individual work.B. learners who are in great need of a certificateC. learners who learn best from seeing how others approach the problem.D. learners who are too busy to become a full-time student62. What is the passage mainly about?A. Picking the right MOOCS for youB. Deciding your learning styleC. Taking the right course you needD. Choosing a suitable support group.CPluto-which famously was degraded from a “major planet”in 2006--- captured our imagination because it was a mystery that could complete our picture of what it was like at the most remote of our solar system .Pluto’s underdog discovery story is part of what makes it so appealing . Clyde Tombaugh was a Kansas far boy who built telescopes out spare auto parts , old farm equipment and self-ground lenses. As an assistant at Lowell Obsevatory in Flagstaff , Arizona , Tombaugh’s task was to search among millions of stars for a moving point of light , a planet that the observatory’s founders thought existed beyond the orbit of Neptune . After years ‘ efforts , Tombaugh finally found it . Pluto was the first planet discovered by an American , and represented a moment of light in the darkness of the Great Depression.For decades , Pluto thrived in its role as the ninth major planet of our solar system ,even though it was tiny compared to the others and so far away.However , 62 years after its discovery , two astronomers discovered another planet-like object beyond the orbit of Neptune. Six months later ,they discovered a third object. It looked like Pluto might actually be a member of a sort of asteroid belt , similar to but way beyond one we’ve known about for a long time between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.Another 14 years passed , dozens more objects beyond Neptune like Pluto had been discovered , so the International Astronomical Union elected to degrade the planet. It now shares its dwarf designation with three of the 1,200 bodies that have been located beyond Neptune today , collectively know n as “Kuiper Belt Objects.”The Kuiper Belt is populated by icy bodies that are remnants of the solar system’s formation. These are the building blocksof planets. We now also know the surface of Pluto contains ices composed of methane, nitrogen, and other compounds familiar to us . It also seems to have a bright polar cap, like on earth . Its atmosphere is very thin, but it’s composed largely of nitrogen , like our own.So, as we finally get within 7,800 miles of Pluto today , we scientists are hoping we can finally understand how the chaos at the beginning of the solar system, could have created objects so similar and yet so foreign as Earth and Pluto. Pluto is much more than something that is not a planet. It’s a reminder that there are many worlds out there beyond our own----that the sky isn’t the limit at all. We don’t know what kinds of fantastic variations on a theme nature is capable of making until we get out there to look.63. Pluto was discovered by Clyde T ombaugh in ________A. 1930B.1939C. 1992D. 200664. Now the official designation of Pluto is __________A. Asteroid BeltB. Kuiper BeltC. Major PlanetD. Dwarf Planet65.Pluto and Earth are to some extent similar for_______A. both of them are populated by i cy bodies that are remnants of the solar system’s format ion 4.6 billion years ago.B. the atmosphere of either of them is mainly made up of nitrogen.C. there are ices throughout the surface of bothD . both of them have bright polar caps on the north pole as well as the south pole.66.Which of the following statements is TRUE?A. There are nine major planets in the solar system .B. There is an asteroid belt between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.C. Pluto now shares its designation with 1,200 bodies that have been beyond Neptune.D. Clyde T ombaugh discovered Pluto with the telescope out spare auto parts, old equipment and self-ground lenses.Section CDirections : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Suppose you become a leader in an organization . It’s very likely that you’ll want to have volunteers to help with the organization’s activities . To do so , it should help underst and why people undertake volunteer word and what keeps their interest in the work.Let’s begin with the question of why people volunteer . __________________________For example , people volunteer to express personal values related to unselfishness , to expand their range of experiences , and to strengthen social relationships. If volunteer positions do not meet these needs, people may not wish to participate . To select volunteers , you may need to understand the motivations of the people you wish to attract.People also volunteer because they are required to do so . To increase levels of community service, some schools have launched compulsory volunteer programs. Unfortunately , these programs can shift people’s wish of participating from aninternal factor(e.g.,’I volunteer because it’s important to me”) to an external factor(e.g., ‘ I volunteer because I’m required to do so .”) . When that happens people become less likely to volunteer in the future._______________________Once people begin to volunteer ,what leads them to remain in their positions over time? To answer this question , researchers have conducted follow-up studies in which they track volunteers over time. Forinstance , one study followed 238 volunteers in Florida over a year . One of the most important factors that influenced their satisfaction as volunteers was the amount of suffering they experienced in their volunteer positions.__________ the researchers note that attention should be given to “training methods that would prepare volunteers for troublesome situations or provide them with strategies for coping with the problem they do experience.”Another study of 302 volunteers at hospitals in Chicago focused on individual differences in the degree to which people view “volunteer” as an imp ortant social role.______________ . Participants indicated the degree to which the social role mattered by responding to statements such as “V olunteering in Hospital is an important part of who I am .” “ Consistent with the researchers “ expectations, they found a positive correlation between the strength of role identity and the length of time people continued to volunteer. These results , once again , lead to concrete advice:” Once an individual begins volunteering ,continued efforts might focus on developing a volunteer role identity -------- Item like T-shirts that allow volunteers to be recognized publicly for their contribution can help strengthen role identity.”A. People volunteer mainly out of academic requirements and internal needs.B. People must be sensitive to this possibility when they make volunteer activities a mustC. It was assumed that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be likely to continue volunteer work.D. Individual differences in role identity is most likely to motivate volunteers to continue their work.E. Although this result may not surprise you ,it leads to important practical advice.F. Researchers have identified several factors that motivate people to get involved.Section DDirections : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.In the United States alone , over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phone are part of a a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.Electronic devices contain valuable metals such as gold and silver . A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste , the concentration (含氟) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals . Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metalsremoved , the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries , in practically uncontrolled ways which allow many poisonous substances to escape into the environment.Creating products out of raw materials creates much more materials, up to 100 times more, than the material contained in the finished products . Consider again the cell-phone , and imagine the mines that produced those metals , the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in . Many wastes produced in the producing process are harmful as well.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most wast is dangerous in that “ the production , distribution , and use of products ------as well asd management of the resulting waste-----all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start ---- for instance , buying reusable products and recycling In many countries the concept of the extended producer responsibility is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive（动机）for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging they use to sell their products , would they reduce the packaging in the first place?Governments’ incentive to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money . Why , they ask , should cities or towns be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫)that encased your television?From the governments’ point of view , a primary goal of laws requiring extended producer responsibility is to transfer both the costs and the physical responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.第Ⅱ卷.( 第1-2句每句3分，第3句4分；第4句5分，共15分)Translation1. 大家都认可，快乐是一个旅程，而非目的地。

上海市八校2017届高三联考英语试题

2017届高三年级八校联合调研英语试卷2016年11月(满分140分，考试时间120分钟)第I卷（共90分）II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(10×1=10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write)primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”Section B（10×1=10分）Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.astonishinglyB. surroundingC. collapseD. unnoticedE. interruptedF. previouslyG. congratulateH. predictionsI. potential J. producing K. propertiesIn the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ____31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ____32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) _33________ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum（电磁光谱）to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34____. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.“Gravitat ional waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed __36____ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational __37_____ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive?This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39____ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ____40____ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A（15×1=15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our 41 , he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, 42 ____ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is 43 a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental 44 . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has respo nded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to 45 __ its aims and assumptions. What do they say -- and will their ideas take off?To its 46 , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, theynote, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is 47 in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the 48 , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product), a simple 49 which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors. 50 , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person 51 in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held 52 .Mainstream economists are not 53 . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists 54 self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already 55 safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.41. A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceship42. A. ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious43. A. less B. smaller C. more D. larger44. A. movements B. influences C. limits D. threats45. A. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionize46. A. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professors47. A. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflected48. A. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientific49. A. number B. product C. idea D. measure50. A. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its place51.A. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. paused52.A. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequate53.A. impressed B. involved C. concerned D. appointed54.A. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer to55.A. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawingSection B（11×2=22分）Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfallwhen I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait," a neighbor advised. "You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here."And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的）abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple.Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens.My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don't kill it, now," he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words:The trees that have it in their pent-up budsTo darken nature and be summer woodsOne thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again."56. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _________________.A.he feels relievedB. he feels blueC. he is surprisedD. he is tired57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________.A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhoodB. have been abandoned by its original ownerC. have been neglected by everyone in the communityD. be appealing only to the author58. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________.A.they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the treeB.they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the treeC.they were concerned about the safety of the treeD.they wanted to get to know the author59. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________.A.when spring would arriveB. how to pass the long winterC. the neighborhood gatheringD. the pruning of the apple tree(B)Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense---with skyscraping peaks, glaciers and permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky.Key HighlightsAlthough it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres high, this park is very accessible. State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenic Lake Pukaki and provides a comfortable base for alpine activities. Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificent—Aoraki Mount Cook National Park forms the majority of New Zealand's only International Dark Sky Reserve.Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpine tarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are part of the fun.Key ActivitiesMountain walksThere are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed and well marked. The Red Tarns Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each take around two hours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountain pass routes—over the Mueller, Copland and Ball passes.Glacier viewing and skiingHelicopters and ski－planes provide access to the park's fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison, Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers. From October until May, you can explore the Tasman Glacier's terminal lake by boat.MountaineeringClimbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, Malte Brun, Elie de Beaumont, Sefton and La Perouse are quite popular..Key Tips●Climbers don't require permits, but are requested to complete a trip intentions form.●Local guides are available for climbing, walking and glacier skiing.●Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers.●The weather can change very suddenly—be prepared for heavy rainfall, snow and/or high winds.●The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights and scenic flight operators.60. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park?A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.61. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting.A. Mountaineering on Elie de BeaumontB. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley TrackC. Skiing on Tasman GlacierD. Climbing Mount Cook62. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________．A. properly evaluate your own experience and skillB. get your permit prepared before you start to climbC. hire local guides to help you to train for climbingD. avoid exploring glaciers in winter(C)How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.As a result of such conflicting evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消）by job creation and economic stimulation. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labormarket problems.63. In Paragraph 2, the author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that_____________.A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’sB. unemployment is more intolerable todayC. social programs are more in need nowD. i ncome level has increased since the 1930’s64.Which of the following is true according to the passage?A.A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.B.Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of workin g capacity.C. Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working.D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted.65.It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by _________________.A. those doing a low-paid, part-time jobB. children in single-earner familiesC. workers who have just retiredD. full-time workers who become unemployed66. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering.B. Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.C. When poverty, employment, and earnings figures agree with each other.D. How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related suffering.Section C（4×2=8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. Even being good at getting others to fight most efficiently is not being civilized.B. Most people believe those who have conquered the most nations are the greatest.C. However, every year conflicts between countries and nations still claim thousands of lives.D. And not only has it won, but also because it has won, it has been in the right.E. So there has been little time to learn in, but there will be oceans of time in which to learn better.F. People don’t fight and kill each other in the streets, but nations still behave like savages.Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history books are great conquerors and generals, while the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned. We do not know who first set a broken leg, or launched a seagoing boat, or calculated the length of the year but we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think so much of them that on all the highestpillars in the great cities of the world you will find the figure of a conqueror or a general. ____67_________It is possible they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals fight, so do savages; so to be good at fighting is to be good in the way an animal or a savage is good, but it is not to be civilized. ____68_______. People fight to settle quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to find some ways of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can kill off greater number of the other side, and then saying that the side which has killed most has won. ___69______. For that is what going to war means; it means power is right.This is what the story of mankind has been like. But we must not expect too much. After all, the race of men has only just started. From the point of view of evolution, human beings are very young indeed, babies of a few months old. Scientists assume that there has been life of some sort on the earth for about twelve hundred million years; but there have been men for only one million years, and there has been civilized men for about eight thousand years.____70_____. Taking man’s civilized past at about seven or eight hours, we may estimate his future at about one hundred thousand years. Thus mankind is only at the beginning of its whole a pretty beastly business, a business of fighting and killing. We must not expect even civilized peoples not to have done these things. All we can ask is that they will sometimes have done something else.第II卷(共50分）I.Summary (10分)Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.It's not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. "I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It's costly," says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, "after finding out half my daughter's class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead"Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. "When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done."Tutoring isn't simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. "A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework," says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. "Others couldn't help their children after Grade 3."There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. "Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor,"Diamond says. "Now it's becoming the norm to have one."Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. "For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need," she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.II. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 没过多久，失主就来认领他的行李了。

上海市六校2017届高三3月联考英语试题(9)

2017届上海市浦东新区高三英语三模

2017年1月上海英语高考(春考)答案解析

2017届上海市浦东新区高三英语三模

2017年3月2017届高三第二次全国大联考（新课标Ⅲ卷）英语卷（解析版）

2017届上海市十三校高三第二次(3月)联考英语试题及答案1

上海市十二校2017届高三下学期3月联考英语试题 (部分答案)

2017届上海市八校高三3月联考英语试题及答案

上海六校届高三月联考英语试题

2017界高三六校联考 学科调研试卷 英语

上海市14校2017届高三下学期3月联考英语试题 Word版含解析

上海市六校2017届高三3月联考物理试题 Word版含答案

上海2017学年高三英语联考试题(11).doc

上海市八校2017届高三联考英语试题

上海市六校2017届高三3月联考英语试题及答案

上海市八校2017届高三联考英语试题

2017界高三六校联考学科调研试卷英语