新东方考研英语笔记(2011年考研必备,

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新东方考研英语复习笔记：阅读

新东方考研英语复习笔记: 阅读1. 来源: 西方的报刊杂志2. 文体: 议论文, 说明文, 记叙文, 应用文3. 历年考题: 多为社会科学, 自然科学, 人文科学4. 大纲key word:三步走:1. 通读全文, 抓住中心（1）文章叙述的主要内容是什么？（2）文章中有无题到核心概念？（3）作者大致态度是什么？2. 仔细审题返回原文（1）通常是由题干出发, 使用寻找关键词定位原则。

大写字母, 地名, 时间, 数字等。

（2）自然段定位原则: 出题顺序与行文的顺序是大体一致的。

3. 重叠选项, 得出答案。

困难:1. 单词量不大, 句型结构复杂2. 作者的观点具有一点的隐蔽性3. 选项的迷惑性做题误区：1．做得太快, 做题靠印象或直觉2．先看题后读文章3．不知如何做记号标点符号：1．“。

”句号, 分隔句子。

以“。

”为单位, 把段分隔成块, 而后逐个击破。

2．“, ”逗号, 两个逗号之间是补充说明成份时, 在阅读过程中可以跳过去不读。

3．“：”冒号, 后面进一步补充说明前面的内容, 冒号的前后有一个从抽象到具体的过程。

4．“；”分号, 并列结构, 语义上的并列, 结构上的并列。

5．“——”破折号, 两个“——”之间是补充说明成份, 可以先不去读。

6．““”“引号, 引用某人的观点, 反讽, 讽刺。

7．“（）”补充说明, 解释生词。

例证题：1. 当文中出现example, case, illustration2. 返回原文, 找出该例证所在的位置, 既给该例子定位。

3. 90%向上, 10%向下搜索该例证周围区域找出该例证的论点。

注意：举例的目的是支持论点。

4. 找出该论点, 并与4个选项比较, 得出选项中与观点最一致的答案。

5. 错误题的干扰特征经常是：就事论事。

词汇题:1. 返回原文找出该词会出现的地方2. 注意结合上下文理解该单词的意思3. 如该词回为简单词汇, 则其字面意思必然不是正确答案4. 词汇题的正确答案经常隐藏在干词汇的原文出现的附近5. 注意同位语、特殊标点、定语从句以及前后缀微观阅读方法：1. 抓主干2. 看标点符号3. 被动变主动4. 消减否定法5. 重新段句6. 对照法----即抓一些重点词（1）如in other words 等词组（2）转折词（3）表结果的词（4）表递进的词起、承、转、合注意引用目的: 不论是正面还是反面引述都是为了说明文章主题或主旨, 否则就无意义, 引述也就没有必要了。

新东方2011年考研英语阅读真题答案超级详解

新东方2011年考研英语阅读真题答案超级详解Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.【考点分析】灭绝师太常考(the most)本句的意思是"过去这些年英语报纸上所发生的最有影响力的变化的可能是艺术评论的在报道范围和严肃性的堕落".①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.【考点分析】①to the point of "到...地步" ②转折常考，出21题。

2011硕士研究生英语(一)答案-新东方版

2011硕士研究生英语答案北京新东方考研名师周雷唐静王江涛李玉技2011年考研英语的考试刚刚结束，就拿到的真题分析，整体难度与2010年相比，有所下降，但是各部分的题目难度增减不一。

完型填空部分，难度基本上没有变化，但是对词汇的考察有所加强，阅读理解Part A部分不论是从文章的选取和题目的设计，比去年的难度都有一定程度的降低。

阅读理解的PART B 部分，第一次出现了排序题，虽然排序在几种题型中算是难度比较低的，但是命题者通过文章的选择，避免了一些明显的标志词的出现，成功地增加了难度，但是整体而言，此部分难度比去年有所降低。

这次考试，难度降低比较明显的是作文部分。

2010年的文化火锅确实使不少同学在构思和用词上煞费苦心，而今年关于旅游区爱护环境的话题，其文章审题的难度，仅限于高一语文作文的水平，加之环保是考研英语作文的大热点，相信很多同学在考前也有目的地记忆了一些这方面的词汇和句型，写起来一定是更加得心应手。

完型填空题目的文章来自于2009年4月号Scientific American, 作者Steve Ayan, 原文题目为How Humor Makes You Friendlier, Sexier：幽默如何使你更加有人缘且性感Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as “a bodily exercise precious to health。

” But 1despite some claims to the contrary, chuckling probably has little influence on physical fitness. Laughter does 2 produce short-term changes in cardiovascular function and respiration, 3 boosting heart rate, respiratory rate and depth, as well as oxygen consumption. But because hard laughter is difficult to 4 sustain, a good guffaw is unlikely to have5 measurable cardiovascular benefits the way, say, walking or jogging does。

2011考研英语【新东方】赵丽考研英语词汇笔记

2011考研英语，新东方英语，赵丽原创：沪江研版版主2005。

尊重原创，转载请注明2011考研英语写在前面：很多人在问“什么是大学英语词汇课堂”，“什么是赵丽词汇”，其实这两个是一回事。

这是在广州新东方网站上对赵丽的介绍：哈工经济学学位。

曾在政府直属建设投资公司中任部门财务总管、办公室主任兼翻译、人事部主任等职，后投身于专项英语教学，多次参加六级、TOEFL、GMAT等国内外英语考试，积累了丰富的应试教学经验。

对应试英语词汇、语法及逻辑等专项有独到见解。

在多年的教学实践中形成了风趣幽默、轻松睿智的教学风格，深受广大学员的喜爱。

听了她那么多课，喜欢上了这个可爱的mm,不知道她的脑袋中怎么会蹦出这么多古怪的想法，习惯了每天坐在电脑前听一课，迷上了不用死记硬背的背单词方法。

这种背单词的方法也不是适合每个人，对于她的看法也是众说纷纭。

丽丽老师在课上也说得很清楚，她讲课的目的就是帮大家记单词，至于词义的扩展就要靠自己在阅读中来提高了。

丽丽老师关于背单词的语录：——不求一词多义，但求迅速突破词汇，哪怕只记住一个意思[解释] 每个人的记忆能力有限，智商由计算能力、理解力、记忆力三方面组成。

如果一天记50个意思，一个单词记25个意思，只能记2个单词，回去做阅读没有成就感，因为可能碰不见；每个单词只记一个意思，做阅读也不可能全碰见，但总有个别的能碰见。

——要有兴趣，兴趣是可以培养的——在不同时间不同地点见过10遍以上一定能记住——关于同义词辨析，翻字典看英英解释区分单词含义——背单词要定计划，每天规定一定数量[解释]最好能合作，男女合作更好，互相考来考去印象最深。

如果性格孤僻的话，就对着镜子说。

——背单词的三种人：1．视觉型：特征：打电话手拿着笔不停写，喜欢看东西。

方法：拿笔反复写，拿眼反复看，不断在文章中重温体会。

2．听觉型：特征：戴耳机听歌，歌曲放过一遍后能记住歌词。

中国人好多是属于这种类型（超级填鸭式教学）。

2011新东方考研英语辅导笔记

2011新东方考研英语辅导笔记2011新东方考研英语辅导笔记2011新东方考研英语辅导笔记写作一、写作的宏观总结：（一）考研大纲的四个巨变：1、增加了考研听力。

2、去掉了词汇和语法部分，加大了完型填空的难度。

3、把阅读和翻译合二为一。

4、加大了写作的难度。

（二）四次写作课的重点1、写作十大困境及对策2、考研写作出现的各类题型（四大类主力题型，十一种功能段落）3、范文分析4、语言分析（高分作文的语言特征）二、第一部分：考研写作中的各种问题（一）写作中的十大困境1、滔滔不绝意识流------提纲式最高原则这是一种思维失控的状态。

意识流创作有两种表现：①自由分段②语言杂乱注意：要控制语言，要进行语句控制第一段：写3到4句。

一般是现状描述、问题描述、图画描述、图表描述（一句话宏观描述、两三句话挖掘细节），总之，共三四句话就可达到目的。

第二段：写7到8句。

第二段是意义段，阐明寓意，指出原因。

第三段：写5到6句。

提出建议，做出总结。

Topic sentence (in 于是得出两条结论。

也可再来一句综合性概括并展望一下未来。

再分两层（我们可以这样做，也可以那样做。

）conclusion,--) 总之，一篇作文总体上写15句到18句就可以了，这样也可以很容易的写到250个单词。

原则：紧扣提纲，紧扣要求。

2、无话可说真难受（1）值得考虑的话题：1）大型宏观话题。

1991年城乡差异—写作时不用太具体，大概地说住在城市有什么特点，住在乡村有什么特点；各有什么缺点，并举出两三条就可以了。

1992年代沟(generation gap）1994年友谊(friendship）1995年、2001年爱心1996年、1997年健康(health)1998年实干精神1999年、2000年生态平衡2002年文化(culture)其他考试中已出现：①关于成功，对成功的理解，有钱是不是成功；②如何开展素质教育；③道德，现代人是不是有崇高的道德感；④你对诚信的理解；2）小型微观话题中国加入WTO对经济的促进意义；中国足球如何走向世界；克隆技术；安乐死；海归派现象；考研热现象分析。

2011考研英语核心词汇(方便你记忆)

2011考研英语核心词汇abide 遵循（…by）；容忍 The one thing she cannot abide is lying.abnormal 反常的 abnormal behaviorabolish 彻底废除（法律、制度、习俗等）abolish old customabrupt 突然的，意外的 an abrupt departureabsolute 纯粹的，完全的 have absolute trust in sb.absorb 吸收，吸进 A sponge absorbs water.abstract 抽象的 A flower is beautiful, but beauty itself is abstract.absurd 荒谬的，荒唐的 The idea that number 14 brings bad luck is absurd. abuse 滥用 abuse one's authority(office)aaccelerate 加速，增速 accelerate one’s stepsaccess 接近（或进入）的机会 have regular and immediate access to the President accommodate 使适应，使符合一致 accommodate oneself to changed circumstances accompany 陪伴，伴随 She was accompanied to a dinner by her friend. accomplish 达到（目的），完成（任务），实现（计划，诺言等） accomplish one's purpose accord 使符合，相一致(with) His violent action do not accord with his peaceful words.account 记述，叙述 give a brief account of what has happenedaccumulate 积累，积攒，积聚 accumulate wisdomaccurate 准确的，精确的 an accurate estimateaccuse 指控，指责 They accused her publicly of stealing their books. accustom 使习惯于 accustom oneself to rising (to rise) earlyacquaint 使认识，使了解activate 使活动起来，使开始起作用，启动 They have planted secret agents in manycountries who could be activatedwhenever needed.acute 尖锐的，敏锐的 an acute thinkeradapt （使）适应 adapt oneself to new conditionsaddress 演说 a television addressadhere 黏附，附着 Paste is used to make one surface adhere to another. adjacent 临近的，毗邻的(to) a city and its adjacent suburbsadjoin 贴近，与...毗邻 His house adjoins the lake.administrate 掌管，料理...的事务In many Japanese homes, the funds areadministrated by the wife.adolescent （尤指16岁以下的）青少年 a film aimed at adolescentsadvance 使向前移动 advance a chessmanadvantage 有利条件，优点 Sitting Presidents hold built-in advantages when seekinganother term.adverse 不友好的，敌对的 She felt adverse to her husband's friends.advocate 拥护，提倡，主张 advocate self-defenceaesthetic 美学的，艺术的，审美 an aesthetic theoryaffliliate 使隶属（或附属）于，使成为会员 a government affiliated company affirm 断言，申明 affirm the truth of a statementaggravate 加重，加剧，恶化 aggravate the declining economyaggressive 侵犯的，侵略的 an aggressive weaponagitate 搅动（液体等） The machine agitated the mixture.alarm 惊恐，忧虑 The bandits scattered in alarm.alert 警惕的，留神的 In our reading we should always be alert for new usages. alien 外国的 adjust to an alien cultureallege 断言，宣称 The newspaper alleges the mayor's guilt.allocate 分配，分派，把...拨给 allocate funds for new projectsallied 结盟的，有关联的 allied nationsallow 允给，准许，允许 He missed her more than he would allow himself to admit. allowance 津贴，补贴，零用钱 a housing allowancealter 改变，更改 alter an attitudealternate 交替，轮流 Night and day alternate.amateur （艺术，科学等的）业余爱好者 an amateur golferamaze 使惊愕，使惊异 I am amazed that he should get the post.ambiguous 含糊不清的，模棱两可的 an ambiguous answerambition （对名利等的）强烈欲望，野心 His political ambitions still burn. amend 修改，修订 amend the spelling in sb.'s paperamuse 逗乐，逗笑，给...提供娱乐（或消遣） The clown at the circus amused thechildren.anchor 锚 The anchor catches (drags).announce 宣布，声称 It is officially announced that he will not run for reelection. annoy 使恼怒，使生气 She was annoyed at (with) his lightheard attitude. annual 每年的，年度的 the annual output of steelanonymous 匿名的，无名的 an anonymous letter (phone call)answer 回答，响应 Henry took ages to answer the door.anticipate 预期，预料 The directors anticipated a fall in demand (that demandwould fall).anxious 焦虑的，发愁的(about, at) They become anxious at her delay.apart 成零碎 Such cheap clothes come apart after a few washings.apparent 显然的，明明白白的 It was apparent that they all understood.appeal 呼吁，恳求 I appealed to the children to make less noise.applaud 鼓掌，喝彩，叫好 The audience applauds the performers for three minutes. apply 涂，敷 He applied two coats of paint to the table.appoint 任命，委派 They appointed his father (to be 或as) postmaster. appraise 估量，估计 appraise the infant's weightappreciate 感激 I appreciated your help much.apprehend 对...担心 Do you apprehend that there will be any difficulty? approach 靠近，接近 John is approaching manhood.appropriate 恰当的，相称的 Plain, simple clothes are appropriate for school wear. approve 赞成，同意 I couldn't approve his conduct.approximate 大概的，大约的，近似的 The approximate time is 10 o'clock.apt （习性）易于......的，有......倾向的 A careless person is apt to make mistakes. arbitrary 随心所欲的，个人武断的，任意的 an arbitrary choicearise 起立，起身 arise from one's seatarouse 使......奋发 A man like Tom will be aroused. Don’t worry.array 排列，队形 The troops were formed in battle array.articulate 发音清晰的，善于表达的 He is articulate about everything in the fieldof economics.artificial 人工的，人造的，人为的 artificial price controlsascend 登高，（渐渐）上升，升高 The airplane ascended into the cloud. ascertain 查明，弄清，确定 I ascertained that he was dead.ashamed 惭愧的，羞耻的 I am ashamed for being so stupid.ashore 向岸，向陆地 He swam ashore.aside 在旁边 We stood aside to let her pass.assault 攻击，袭击 We made an assault on the enemy fort.assemble 集合，召集 assemble the members of Parliament for a special meeting. assert 肯定地说（出），坚定地断言 He asserted his innocence.assess 估价，评价，评论 assess the present state of the economyassign 分配，布置（作业） The teacher assigned (us) a new lesson.assimilate 吸收，消化 He is quick to assimilate new ideas.associate （使）联系，（使）结合 We naturally associated the name of Darwin withthe doctrine of evolution.assume 假定，假设 Farmers will have a bumper harvest, assuming (that) the weathersi favarable.assure 深信不疑地对......说，向......保证assurance 保证，把握，信心 He gave me his assurance that he would help. astonish 使惊讶 I was astonished at his sudden appearance.attach 系，贴，连接 attach a label to a suitcaseattain 达到，获得 attain one’s goalattend 出席，参加（会议等） attend a weddingattendance 出席，参加，出席人数，出席率 Our class has perfect attendance today. attentive 注意的，专心的 an attentive audienceattribute 把归因于，把......（过错的责任等）归于(to) He attributed his success to hard work.auxiliary 辅助的 an auxiliary rocketavail 有利于，有助于 Will force alone avail us?average 平均数，平均 The paper receives an average of nearly 100 articles a day. avert 挡开，防止，避免 Many traffic accidents can be averted by courtesy. awake 醒，觉醒 awake from sleepaward 授予（奖品等） The university awarded him an honorary degree.ban （以官方明令）禁止，取缔 He was banned from entering the city.bang （突发的） sudden loud bangbar 条，块，杆，棒 a bar of goldbare 赤裸的，光秃的，空无内容的 walk in bare feetbeforehand 预先，事先 If you wanted soup for lunch you should have told mebeforehand.behave 举止端正，听话Do behave.bewilder 使迷惑，使糊涂 I’m bewildered as to which one to buy.bias 偏见，偏心 have a bias against sb.(或sth.)blame 责备，责怪 Public opinion blames Mrs Smith for leading the girl astray. blast 一阵（风），一股（气流） a blast of windblaze 火焰 The fire sprang into a blaze.blunt 钝的 The sun was blazing down and the heat was oppressive.blush （因害羞、激动、窘困）脸红 blush with(或for) joyboast 自吹自擂，自夸的话 He is full of boasts.bolt 螺栓，（门，窗的）插销 a small bag of nuts and boltsboom 低沉有回响的声音 The great bell tolled with a deep boom.border 边界，边境，边沿 a district on the Kampuchean side of the border with Thailandbore 钻孔，挖（通道） bore through a wallbounce 弹起，反弹 The ball doesn’t bounce well.bound 跳跃，弹回 She bounded to her feet and waved her right hand triumphantly. boycott （联合起来）抑制，拒绝参加 boycott uncooperative manufacturesbrace 托架，支架 He braced his muscles and lifted the weight.breed （使）繁殖 Rabbits breed families rapidly.bribe 贿赂 accept(或take)a bribe from sb.brief 短暂的，简短的，简洁的 a brief holidaybrisk 轻快的，生气勃勃的 a brisk pacebrittle 易碎的，一碰就破的 brittle glassbrush 刷子，毛刷 a laundry brushbump 碰，撞(against, into) The truck bumped against the wall in the dark. burst 爆炸，爆裂 The boiler burst.calculate 计算，推算 calculate the distance between New York and Chicagocall 喊，叫 Please call the names of all the people who are present.cancel 取消，废除，删去 cancel a tripcapture 俘虏，捕获 capture butterfliescase 事例，事实，事情 This is a case of poor judgment.cast 投，扔，抛，撒，掷 cast doubt(s) on the feasibility of a schemecasual 偶然的，无计划的，随便的，非正式的 a casual meetingcease 停止，终止，结束 The music ceased suddenly.certify 证明，证实 The accounts were certified (as) correct.challenge 向...挑战 Our school challenged the local champion team to a football match.character （事物的）性质，特质 The furniture in Tom’s apartment was pretentiousand without character.charge 要（价），收（费） The airlines charge half price for students.charm 魅力，魔力 This thriving resort town has retained its village charm. chase 追逐，追求 The police chased the escaping thief and caught him at last. check 使突然停止，制止 check one’s stepscherish 珍爱，珍视 cherish one’s native landchew 嚼，咀嚼 He chewed a mouthful of meat.choke 窒息，噎住 be choked by smokechorus 合唱队chronic （疾病）慢性的，（人）久病的 chronic indigestionclarity 澄清，阐明 clarify an issuecling 粘着 The frightened child clung to her mother.clumsy 笨拙的 a clumsy boycluster （果实，花等的）串，束，簇; (人或物)的群，组 a cluster of tourists clutch 紧抓，紧握 clutch at an opportunitycoherent 一致的，协调的 lack coherent political goalscoin 硬币，钱币，金属货币 a silver coincoincide 相符，相一致 100 Centigrade coincides with 212 Fahrenheit. collaborate （尤指在文艺、科学等方面）合作，协作 He and I collaborated in writingplays.collapse 倒坍，崩溃，瓦解 The roof collapsed under the weight of the snow. collide 碰撞，互撞 The car collided with the truck.come 来，来到 Will you come to the dance tonight?commemorate 纪念，庆祝 commemorate a holidaycommend 表扬，称赞 commend a soldier for braverycompact 紧密的，坚实的 a compact piece of luggagecompare 比较，对照(with, to) compare the body to a finely tuned machine compatible 能和睦相处的，合的来的 You should choose a roommate more compatibleto your tastes.compile 汇编，编制 compile an anthology of poemscomply 遵从，顺从，服从 comply with rules(safety regulations)compose 组成，构成 England, Scotland, and Wales compose the island of GreatBritain.compress 压缩 He compresses a lifetime as a soldier into a few sentences comprise 包含，包括 The shipyard comprises three docks.compromise 妥协，折衷 compromise over the hard-fought next.compulsory 必须做的，义务的 a compulsory subjectconceal 隐藏，隐瞒，隐蔽 He concealed his disappointment from his friends. conceive 构想出，设想 conceive an ideaconcentrate 集中，专心 concentrate one’s attentioncondemn 谴责 We all condemn cruelty to children.condense （使）压缩，（使）凝结，使简洁 condense a speech to halfconfer 商谈，商议 confer with sb. Over (on, about, concerning) sth.confess 坦白，供认，承认，忏悔 confess one’s crimeconfidence 信任 break sb.’s confidenceconfine 限制，使局限 They succeeded in confining the fire to a small area. confirm 证实，肯定 confirm a rumourconflict （尤指长期的）战争，战斗 The conflict between Greece and Troy lasted tenyears.conform 遵照，适应 confirm to(或with) the rules(the law)confront （使）面临，（使）遭遇 The war confronted him with hardships.confuse 使混乱，混淆 He confused the arrangements by arriving late.connect 连接，连接 The bridge connects the island with(或to) the mainland. conscious 意识到的，自觉地 They were conscious that he disapproved.consent 同意，赞同，准许 The people will never consent to another war. conserve 保护，保藏，保存 conserve natural resourcesconsider 考虑，细想 Consider carefully before doing anything.consist 组成，构成(of) The house consists of six rooms.consolidate 巩固，加强 consolidate one’s positionconspicuous 显眼的，明显的，引人瞩目的 He felt as conspicuous as if he had stoodon a stage.constant 经常的，不断的 a constant noiseconstitute 组成，构成 constitute a threat to sb.consult 请教，与......商量 consult a doctor about one’s illnessconsume 消费,花费: consume much of one’s time in re adingcontact 接触,联系,交往: be in contact with sbcontain 包括,容纳, a list containing twelve itemscontaminate弄脏,污染,玷污,毒害: Fumes contaminate the aircontempt轻视,轻蔑:show a contempt for sbcontest竞赛,比赛,竞争:the contest between the two powers for the control of the regioncontract合同,契约:enter into(make)a contact withcontradict反驳,同….相矛盾,同….相抵触:The facts contradict his theorycontrary相反的,对抗的:take the contrary viewcontrast对照,对比,(对比之下显出的)差异:the contrast between the two forms ofgovernmentcontribute捐(款等),捐献:He contributed 5dollars to the charity every payday contrive设计,想出:contrive a new methodcontroversy(尤之以文字形式进行的争论),辨证:a point of controversyconvention(正式)会议,(定期)大会:draft a new constitution at a convention convert转变,转化:convert coal to (into) pipeline gasconvey运送,输送,传送:a wire conveys an electric currentconvict(经审讯)证明…有罪,宣判…有罪:He was convicted of smugglingcoordinate调节,协调:coordinate the functions of government agenciescordial热情友好的,热诚的,真心的:a cordial hello(smile, invitation)correspond相符合相称(to,with):Fulfillment seldom corresponds to anticipation correspondent通信者,通讯员,记者:a good(bad)correspondentcorresponding符合的,一致的:corresponding fingerprintscorrode(渐渐)损害,(一点一点地)损伤:Bribery corrodes the confidence that must existbetween buyer and sellercorrupt堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的:lead a corrupt lifecount数,计算: count the moneycourse课程,科目:an English coursecourtesy 谦恭有礼。

2011考研英语大纲词汇(新东方)

[
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n. ①伤亡人员;
②受害人
occasion
（3）
[
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n. ①场合, 时节, 时刻;
②时机,机会 occasional
（5）
[
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a. ①偶然的,非经常的,特殊场合的; ②临时的; ③不时的
● decide
二.cide/cise 篇
[
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v. ①决定, 下决心;
②解决,裁决
decided
[
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a. ①决定了的的,坚决的;
[
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a.统计的,统计学的
statistics
（ 10 ）
[
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n.统计(学)
注：－ics 学科
statue
[
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n.塑像,雕像
statute
[
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n.法规,章程,规则
status
[
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n. ①地位,身份;
②情形,状况
（无）（无）（ 17 ）
三.stance/stand/stant ● circumstance
（8）
[
]
v.①(to)使暴露,受到;
②使曝光
exposure
（1）
[
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n.①暴露,揭露; ②(to)受到
disposal
（无）
[
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n. ①处理,处置;
②布置,安排
dispose
（2）
[
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v.①(of)处理,处置;
②(for)布置,安排
deposit
（2）
[
]
v.①存放;
②储蓄;
③使沉淀;
④付(保证金)
n.马厩,马棚

考研英语必看_2011年考研大纲英语词汇

历年考研英语的高频单词（3～13次）历年考研英语的高频单词（2次）2011年考研大纲词汇AA,anart.一(个);任何一个;每,每一件abandonv.放弃;抛弃abidev.(by)坚持,遵守abilityn.能力,智能;才能,才干ablea.有能力的,能干的,显示出才华的able to inf. 能,会abnormala.反常的,不正常的aboardad.在船(飞机,车)上,上船（飞机,车）prep.在（船,飞机,车）上,上（船,飞机,车）abolishv.废除,取消aboutad.在周围,附近,到处;大约,差不多prep.关于,对于;在…周围,在…附近a.准备be about to+inf.即将aboveprep.在…上面,超过,高于a.上面的,上述的ad.在上面,以上above all首要,尤其abroadad.到国外,在国外;到处abrupta.突然的,意外的;(举止,言谈等)唐突的,鲁莽的absencen.缺席,不在场;缺乏,没有absenta.(from)缺席,不在场;缺乏的漫不经心的absolutea.绝对的,完全的absorbv.吸收;吸收,使专心be absorbed in专心于absorptionn.吸收abstracta.抽象的n.摘要,提要v.提(抽取)absurda.荒唐的abundancen.丰富,充裕abundanta.(in)丰富的,充分的,充裕的abusev./n.滥用;虐待;谩骂academica.学院的;学术的academyn.学院acceleratev.加快,促进accelerationn.加速(度)accentn.腔调,口音;重音(符号)acceptv.接受,认可;同意,认可acceptablea.可接受的acceptancen.接受,验收;承认,认可accessn.接近,进入;入口,通道,入口;接近（或进入）的方法have/gain access to可以获得accessoryn.附件,配件a.附属的accidentn.事故;意外的事,偶然的事by accident偶然accidentala. 偶然的,意外的accommodatev.留宿,收容;供应,供给accommodation(s)n.住宿,留宿;膳宿供应accompanyv.陪同,伴随;为…伴奏accomplishv.完成accordancen.一致in accordance with与…一致according to按照,根据accordinglyad.因此,从而,相应地,照着（办）accountn.账（目,户）;叙述,说明v.说明,解释account for说明（原因等）on account of因为,由于take …into account考虑accumulatev.积累,积蓄,堆积accuracyn.准确,准确度accuratea.精确的,准确的accusev.（of）控告,谴责accustomv.（to）使习惯accustomeda.惯常的,习惯的be accustomed to习惯于achev.痛n.疼痛,酸痛achievev.完成;达到,达成,获得acidn.酸a.酸的acknowledgev.承认;致谢acquaintv.(sb.with)使认识,使了解acquaintancen.熟人,相识acquirev.取得,获得;学到acquisitionn.获得,获得物acren.英亩acrossprep.横过,穿过;在...对面,与...交叉ad.横过,穿过,横断;宽,阔actv.行动,做事;(on)起作用;表演n.行为,动作;(一)幕;法令,条例actionn.行动,行为;动作,活动;(on)作用activatev.使活动,起动activea.有活力的,活跃的,敏捷的,在活动中的activityn.活动;活性,活力actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现实的acutea.敏锐的,尖锐的;(疾病)急性的AD/A.D.n.公元ad=advertisementn.广告adaptv.(to)(使)适应,适合;改编,改写adaptationn.改编;适应add v.(to)加,增加;补充说,又说add up to合计,总计additionn.(增)加,加法;附加(物)in addition另外in addition to除...之外additionala.附加的,另外的,额外的addressn.地址,通讯处,致词v.致函,写姓名地址;向...讲话adequatea.足够的,充分的,恰当的adherev.(to)粘附,胶着;坚持adjacenta.(to)邻近的,毗连的adjectiven./a.形容词(的)adjoinv.毗连,靠近adjustv.调节,调整,校正administrate/administerv.掌管,料理...的事务;实施,执行;给予,投(药) administrationn.管理,经营;行政(机关,部门);政府admirationn.钦佩,赞美admirev.钦佩,赞赏,羡慕admissionn.允许进入,接纳,收容;承认admitv.让...进入,接纳;承认adolescentn.青少年a.青春期的,青少年的adoptv.采用,采纳,通过;收养adoptionn.采用,采纳,通过;收养adultn.成(年)人a.成年人的,已成熟的advancev.前进,进展;推进,促进;提出(建议等);提前n.前进,进展;预付,预支in advance提前,预先advanceda. 高级的,先进的,前进的advantagen.优点,长处,有利条件;利益,好处gain/have an advantage over胜过,优于take advantage of利用advantageousa.有利的adventuren.冒险,冒险活动;奇遇adverbn.副词advertisev.做广告advicen.劝告,忠告,(医生等的)意见advisablen.可取的,适当的advisev.劝告,忠告;建议;通知advocaten.提倡者,鼓吹者v.提倡,鼓吹aeriala.空中的,航空的n.天线aeroplane/airplanen.飞机aerospacen.太空,宇宙空间aesthetic/esthetica.美学的,艺术的;审美的affairn.事,事情,事件affectv.影响;感动affectionn.爱,慈爱,感情;影响affiliatev.使隶属(或附属)于n.附属机构,分公司affirmv.断言,肯定affirmativea.肯定的affordv.担负得起,买得起,花得起(时间);供给,给予afraida.(of)怕,害怕的;恐怕,担心的African.非洲Africana.非洲(人)的n.非洲人afterprep.在…以后,在...后面conj.在...后ad.以后,后来afternoonn.下午,午后afterward(s)ad.后来,以后againad.又,再(次),重新againstprep.对(着),逆;反对;违反;靠近,倚在;对比agen.年龄;时期,时代v.变老,老化agencyn.代理(处),代办处agendan.议事日程agentn.代理商(人),代表aggravatev.恶化,加重,加剧aggressivea.侵略的,好斗的;敢作敢为的,有进取心的agitatev.鼓动,搅动;搅拌agoad.以前,...前agonyn.苦恼,痛苦agreev.(to,with)同意,赞成;一致,适合agreeablea.惬意的,令人愉快的;易相处的;同意的agreementn.同意,一致;协定,协议agriculturala.农业的agriculturen.农业aheadad.在前,向前,提前,前头ahead of在...前面,先于aidv.援助,救援,帮助n.援助,救护;助手,辅助物,辅助设备aimv.(at)目的在于,旨在;瞄准,针对n.目标,目的airn.空气,大气,天空;神气,架子v.使通风in the air在流行中,在传播中aircraftn.航空器,飞机airlinen.航线;航空公司airmailn.航空邮件,航空邮政airplane/aeroplanen.飞机airportn.机场,航空站alarmn.警报;惊恐,惊慌v.使惊恐,惊动,惊吓;向...报警alcoholn.酒精,乙醇alerta.警惕的;机灵的alienn.外侨;外星人a.外国的;(from)相异的;(to)不相容的alikea.相同的,想像的alivea.活着着;活跃的,热闹的alla.所有的,全部的pron.一切,全部ad.完全,都,十分above all首要,尤其after all终于,毕竟;虽然这样all but几乎,差一点;除...之外其余都all out全力以赴,竭尽全力all over遍及,到处all right行,可以;顺利,良好at all完全,根本in all总共,共计not at all一点也不allegev.断言,宣称alleviatev.减轻,缓解,缓和alliancen.结盟,联盟;联姻in alliance with与...联盟allieda.联合的,同盟的allocatev.分配,分派,把...拨给allowv.允许,准许;承认;让...得到allow for考虑到allowancen.津贴,补助(费)make allowance(s) for考虑到,顾及;体谅,原谅alloyn.合金allyn.同盟国,同盟者;支持者v.(with)使结盟almostad.几乎,差不多alonea.单独,独立,独一无二的ad.仅仅,只;单独地,独自leave/let...alone听其自然,不要去管let alone更不用说alongprep.沿着ad.向前along with与...一起alongsideprep.在…旁边,横靠,与...并肩ad.并排地,并肩地aloudad.出声地,大声地alphabetn.字母表alreadyad.已,已经alsoad.也,同样;而且,还not only...but also不但...而且alterv.改变,变更alterationn.改变,变更alternatea.交替的,轮流的v.交替,轮流alternativea.两者挑一的n.可供选择的事物,替换物,选择对象althoughconj.尽管,虽然,即使altituden.高度,海拔altogetherad.完全,全部地;总共;总之aluminum/aluminiumn.铝alwaysad.永远,始终;总是,一直AM/A.M./a.m.上午amateura.业余的n.业余(活动)爱好者amazev.使惊奇,使惊愕,使惊叹ambassadorn.大使ambiguousa.模棱两可的ambitionn.雄心,野心ambitiousa.有雄心的,野心勃勃的ambulancen.救护车amendv.修改,修正American.美洲;美国Americana.美洲(人)的;美国(人)的n.美国人;美国人among(st)prep.在…之中,在...中间amountn.数量,总额v.(to)合计,总共达,等于amperen.安培amplea.充分的,富裕的;宽敞的,宽大的amplifiern.放大器,扩音机amplifyv.放大,增强amusev.逗...笑,给...以娱乐(消遣) amusementn.娱乐,消遣;娱乐活动analog/analoguen.类似物;模拟analogyn.比拟,类比by analogy用类推的方法analysisn.分析,分解analytic(al)a.分析的,分解的analyze/analysev.分析,分解ancestorn.祖宗,祖先anchorn.锚v.抛锚,停泊ancienta.古代的,古老的andconj.和,与,而且;那么;接连,又angeln.天使angern.(愤)怒,气愤v.使发怒,激怒anglen.角;角度,方面,观点angrya.愤怒的;生气的;(风雨等)狂暴的animaln.动物,野兽,牲畜a.动物的,野兽的anklen.踝anniversaryn.周年(纪念日)announcev.宣布,发表,通行;报告...的来到announcern.播音员,报幕员annoyv.使恼怒,使生气,打搅annuala.每年的,年度的n.年刊,年鉴anonymous a.匿名的;无名的;无特色的anothera.另一,再一;别的,不同的pron.另一个,类似的一个one after another一个接一个one another互相answerv.回答,答复,响应;(for)负责,保证;(to)符合,适合n.回答,答复,答案antn.蚂蚁antarctica.南极(区)的n.[the Antarctic]南极洲,南极(圈)antennan.天线anticipatev.预期,预料,预感,期望anxietyn.挂念,焦虑,焦急,忧虑;渴望,热望anxiousa.(about)忧虑的,担心的,焦急的;渴望的anya.[否定,疑问,条件句中]什么,一些;任何的,任一的pron.无论哪个,无论哪些;一个,一些ad.稍,丝毫anybodypron.任何人,无论谁;重要人物anyhowad.不管怎样,无论如何;不论用何种办法anyone=anybodypron.任何人,无论谁anythingpron.无论什么事(物),一切;什么事(物),任何事(物) anything but除...以外任何事(物),根本不anyway=anyhowad.无论如何anywheread.在什么地方,无论哪里apartad.撇开;分开,分离;相距,相隔apart from除去apartmentn.[英]房间,套间;[美]公寓apologize/apologisev.(to,for)道歉,认错apologyn.道歉,歉意,认错apparatusn.器械,设备,仪器,装置apparenta.(to)明显的,显而易见的;表面的,貌似的appealv.(to)呼吁,要求;对...有吸引力;申述,上诉n.(to)呼吁,要求;吸引力;申诉,上诉appearv.出现,显露;出场,问世;来到;好像是,仿佛appearancen.出现,出场,露面;外表,外貌,外观appendixn.附录,附属物appetiten.食欲,胃口;欲望,爱好,要求applaudv.喝彩,欢呼,鼓掌,称赞applausen.鼓掌欢迎,欢呼applen.苹果(树)appliancen.用具,器具applicablea.(to)能应用的,适用的applicationn.请求,申请(书,表);应用,运用;施用,敷用applyv.(for)申请,请求;(to)适用,应用,运用appointv.任命,委任;约定,指定appointmentn.任命,委任;约定,指定appraisaln.估计,估量;评价appreciablea.可以察觉的,可估计的appreciatev.感谢,感激;正确评价,欣赏,赏识apprehensionn.忧虑,担心,疑惧;理解,领悟approachv.靠近,接近,邻近n.方法,途径;探讨appropriatea.(to)适当的,恰如其分的approvaln.赞成,同意;认可,批准approvev.(of)赞成,满意,同意;批准,审定,通过approximatelyad.近似地,大约Apriln.四月apta.恰当的,适宜的;(习性)易于...的,有...倾向的Arabiann.阿拉伯人a.阿拉伯(人)的arbitrarya.任意的,专断的archn.拱门,弓形结构,桥拱洞v.拱起,(使)变成弓形architectn.建筑师architecturen.建筑(式样,风格);建筑学arctica.北极(区)的n.[the Arctic]北极,北极圈arean.面积;地区,区域;范围,领域arguev.争论,辩论;主张,论证;说服argumentn.争论,辨认;论据,论点arisev.出现,发生;(from)由…引起,由...产生arithmeticn.算术armn.(手)臂,臂状物;扶手,衣袖;[pl.][总称]武器,武装v.武装,装备armyn.军(队),陆军;大群aroundad.各处,到处;周围,在附近;大约prep.在...周围,在...附近,在...各地arousev.唤醒,唤起;激起,引起arrangev.整理,排列,布置;安排,筹备arrayn.一系列,大量;排列v.排列arrestv./n.逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到来,到达;到达的人或物arrivev.到达,来到arrive at达到,得出arrown.箭;箭头(符号),箭状物artn.艺术,美术;技术,技艺;[pl.]文科,人文学科articlen.文章,论文;物品,商品;项目,条款;冠词articulatea.善于表达的,口齿清晰的v.明确有力地表达artificiala.人工的,人造的;人为的,娇揉造作的artistn.艺术家,美术家artistica.艺术(家)的,美术(家)的asad.一样,同样conj.像...一样;由于;正当;以致;虽然,尽管prep.作为,如同as...as像...一样as for至于,就...方面说as if好像,仿佛as though好像,仿佛as to至于,关于as well也,又as well as(除...之外)也,既...又not as/so...as不如...那样ascendv.攀登,上升ascertainv.查明,弄清,确定ashn.灰(烬)ashameda.(of)羞耻,惭愧,害臊ashoread.在岸上,上岸Asian.亚洲Asiana.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人asidead.在旁边,到旁边aside from除...以外askv.(询)问;请求,要求;(邀)请,约请ask after询问,问候ask for请求,要求asleepa.睡着的aspectn.样子,外表,面貌;(问题等的)方面assaultv./n.袭击,攻击assemblev.集合,集会,会议;装配assemblyn.集合,集会,会议;装配assertv.断言,宣称assessv.估价,评价assignv.分配,委派;指定(时间,地点等) assignmentn.分配,委派;任务,(课外)作业assimilatev.(被)吸收,(被)消化;(使或被)同化assistv.帮助,援助,协助assistancen.帮助,援助assistantn.助手,助教a.辅助的,助理的associatev.(with)使联系,使联合;交往,结合n.合作人,伙伴,同事,同行a.副的associationn.协会,团体;联合,联系,交往;联想assumev.假装;假定,设想;采取,承担;呈现assumptionn.假定,设想;采取;承担assurancen.确保,断言;保证,担保assurev.使确信,使放心;保证,担保astonishv.使惊讶,使吃惊astronautn.宇航员astronomyn.天文学atprep.[表示地点,位置,场合]在,于,到...处;[表示时刻,时节,年龄]在...时,当;[表示目标,方向]对着,向;[表示速度,价格等]以,在...方面athleten.运动员Atlantica.大西洋的n.[the Atlantic]大西洋atmospheren.大气(层);空气;气氛,环境;大气压(压力单位) atmospherica.大气的,空气的atomn.原子;微粒,微量attachv.(to)缚上,系上,贴上;使依附,使隶属,使依恋attached to附属于,隶属于attackv./n.攻击,进攻,抨击;着手,开始n.(病)发作attainv.达到,获得attemptv.尝试,试图n.(at)企图,努力attendv.出席,参加;(to)照顾,护理attendancen.到场,出席attendantn.服务员,值班员;护理人员attentionn.注意(力),留心;立正pay attentin to注意attentivea.注意的,留神的attituden.(to,towards)态度,看法;姿势attorneyn.律师attractv.吸引,招引,引诱,引起(注意等)attractivea.有吸引力的,引起兴趣的,动人的attributen.属性,品质,特征v.(to)把…归于;认为...是...所为audiencen.听众,观众,读者;谒见,会见augmentv.扩大,增加,提高Augustn.八月auntn.伯母,婶母,姑母,舅母,姨母aurala.听觉的Australian.澳大利亚,澳洲Australiana.澳洲的;澳大利亚(人)的n.澳大利亚人authorn.作者;创始人authorityn.权力,威信,权威;权威者,有权威性的典籍;[pl.]当局,官方auton.汽车automaticn.自动机构a.自动的,无意识的,机械的automationn.自动(化)automobilen.汽车autumnn.秋(季)auxiliarya.辅助的,补助的availn.[一般用于否定句或疑问句中]效用,利益,帮助v.有用于,有助于avail (oneself) of利用of/to no avail不起作用,没有用availablea.可用的,可得到的;可以见到的,随时可来的avenuen.林荫道,大街;途径,手段averagen.平均(数)a.平均的;通常的,一般的v.平均,均分on (the/an) average平均,一般说来avert v.防止,避免;转移(目光,注意力等)aviationn.航空,飞行avoidv.避免,回避,逃避awaitv.等候,期待awakea.醒着的,警觉的v.唤醒,唤起;醒,觉醒,醒悟到,认识到awardn.奖(品)v.授予,奖给awarea.(of)知道的,意识到的awayad.离开,远离;…去,...掉;不断...下去right away立即,马上awfula.极度的,极坏的,糟糕的;威严的,可怕的ad.十分,极度地awfullyad.非常,很awkwarda.笨拙的,不灵活的;棘手的,尴尬的;使用不便的ax/axen.斧(子)axisn.轴(线);构图中心线Bbabyn.婴儿,孩子bachelorn.单身汉;[亦作B-]学士(学位)backn.背(面),后面a.后面的ad.在后,向后;回,回复;以前v.后退;支持back and forth来回,往返,来来往往地back down/off放弃,让步,退却back of在...后部,在...背部back up支持,援助;倒退,后退backgroundn.背景,经历backwarda.向后的,倒行的,落后的;迟钝的ad.(also backwards)向后,朝反方向baconn.咸肉,熏肉bacterium([pl.]bacteria)n.细菌bada.坏的,恶的,错的;低劣的,拙劣的;不舒服的,病的;腐败的;严重的badgen.徽章badlyad.坏,恶劣地;严重地,非常,厉害地badmintonn.羽毛球bagn.袋,包baggagen.行李bakev.烤,烘,焙;烧硬,焙干bakeryn.面包房balancev.称,(使)平衡n.天平,称;平衡,均衡;差额,结余,余款balda.秃的,秃头的balln.球,球状物;舞会balloonn.气球banv.取缔,查禁;(from)禁止n.禁止,禁令bananan.香蕉bandn.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bandagen.绷带v.用绷带扎缚bangn.砰砰的声音;猛击,猛撞v.砰地关上,猛撞,猛击bankn.岸,堤;银行,库v.存入银行bankrupta.破产的bankruptcyn.破产v.使破产bannern.旗(帜)barn.条,杆,棒,棍,闩;酒吧,餐柜;栅,栏,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦,拦住,妨碍barbern.理发师barea.赤裸的,光秃的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露barelyad.赤裸裸地,无遮蔽地;仅仅,勉强,几乎没有bargainn.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交barkv.吠叫,咆哮n.吠声,狗叫声barnn.谷仓,仓库barreln.桶;枪管,炮管barriern.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)basen.基础,底部;基地,根据地v.(on)把...基于,以...为根据baseballn.棒球basementn.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basica.基本的,基础的basinn.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basisn.基础,根据on the basis 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beloveda./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人belowprep.在...下面,在...以下ad.在下面,向下beltn.(皮)带,腰带;地带benchn.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bendv.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneathprep.在…下边,在...之下ad.在下方beneficiala.(to)有利的,有益的benefitn.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benta.弯曲的berryn.浆果besideprep.在…旁边,在...附近;与...相比besidesprep.除...之外ad.而且,还有besta.最好的ad.最,最好(地)at (the) best充其量,至多do/try one’s best (to+inf.)尽力,努力get the best of胜过make the best of充分利用,妥善处理betv.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注betrayv.背叛,出卖;暴露,流露,泄露bettera.较好的,更好的ad.更好(地)v.改良,改善n.较佳者,较优者for the better好转,改善get the betterr of占上风,胜过had better最好还是,应该betweenprep.在(两者)之间ad.当中,中间bewarev.当心,谨防bewilderv.使迷惑,难住beyondprep.在(或向)...的那边,远于;迟于;超出ad.在那边,在远处biasn./v.(使有)偏见,偏心,偏袒Biblen.圣经bicyclen.自行车bidv.祝愿;命令,吩咐;报价,投标n.出众,投标biga.大的,巨大的;重大的,重要的biken.自行车billn.账单;招贴,广告;单子,清单,(人员,职称等的)表;钞票billionnum./n.[美]十亿,[英]万亿bindv.捆,绑,包括,束缚biographyn.传记biologyn.生物学birdn.鸟,禽birthn.出生,分娩;出身,血统biscuitn.饼干,点心bitn.一点,一片,一些bitev./n.咬,叮n.一口bittera.(有)苦(味)的;痛苦的,厉害的blacka.黑(色)的,黑暗的n.黑人,黑色blackboardn.黑板blamev.责备;怪,怨,把…归咎于n.责任,过错;责备blanka.空白的,空着的;失色的,无表情的n.空白;表格blanketn.毛毯,毯子blastn.一阵(风),一股(气流);爆炸冲击波;管乐器或汽笛声v.爆炸,爆破blazen.火焰;火光;闪光,光辉v.燃烧,冒火焰bleaka.荒凉的;冷酷的;没有希望的bleedv.出血,流血blendn.混合(物)v.混和,混杂blessv.祝福,保佑blessingn.祈祷,祝福blinda.瞎的;盲目的v.使失明;蒙蔽n.百叶窗blockn.大块木料(或石料,金属);一排房屋,街区;阻塞v.阻塞,拦阻,封锁bloodn.血(液);血统,宗族,门第;血气,气质bloodya.流血的,血腥的bloomn.花(朵);开花(期)v.开花blossomn.花v.开花blowv.吹(气),充气,打气;吹响(乐器,号角等),吹风;爆炸,爆裂n.打,殴打,一击,打击bluea.(天)蓝色的,青的;伤心的,沮丧的,忧郁的n.蓝色blunderv.(因无知,粗心等而)犯大错;踉踉跄跄地走n.大错blunta.率直的;钝的v.(使)钝;(使)迟钝blushv./n.脸红boardn.板,木板,纸板;全体委员,委员会,部门;伙食;船舷v.上船(车,飞机)on board在船(车,飞机)上boastv.(of,about)自夸,夸耀n.自夸,大话boatn.小船,艇bodyn.身体,躯体,本体;主体;尸体;物体;(一)群,批,堆boilv.(使)沸腾,煮(沸)boilern.锅炉;煮器(壶,锅等)bolda.大胆的,勇敢的;冒失的;黑体的,粗体的boltn.螺栓,(门,窗的)插销v.闩(门),关窗,拴住bombn.炸弹v.投弹于,轰炸bondn.结合(物),粘结(剂),联结;公债,债券,契约bonen.骨(骼)bonusn.奖金,红利bookn.书(籍);卷,篇,册v.预定,订(票,房间等)boomv.迅速发展,兴旺;发出隆隆声bootn.(长统)靴boothn.电话亭,货摊bordern.边界,国界;边(沿)v.交界,与...接壤;接近borev.钻(孔),挖(洞),打眼,钻探;烦扰,使厌烦n.讨厌的人,麻烦事borna.出身于...的,天生的,生来的borrowv.借(用)bosomn.(心)胸bossn.工头,老板,上司v.指挥,支配,发号施令bothpron.二者,双方a.两,双both...and既...又...,两个都botherv.打扰,烦扰;烦恼,操心n.麻烦bottlen.瓶(子)v.装瓶bottomn.底(部);基础,根基;海底,湖底,河床boughn.大树枝,主枝bouncev.跳起,弹起n.(球)跳起,弹回boundv./n.跳(跃)a.被束缚的,理应...的,必定的,一定的;准备(或正在)到...去的,开往...的boundaryn.分界线,边界bowv./n.鞠躬,点头n.弓(形);蝴蝶结bowln.碗(状物),钵boxn.箱(子),盒(子);包厢v.拳击,打耳光boyn.男孩;男服务员,男仆boycottn./v.(联合)抵制,拒绝参与bracev.使防备,使受锻炼;支撑;使(手,足,肩等)绷紧n.托架,支架bracketn.(方)括号brainn.(大)脑,骨髓;[pl.]脑力,智能brakev./n.制动(器),闸,刹车branchn.(树)条,分支;分部,分店;(学科)分科,部门;支流,支脉,支线brandn.商标,标记,牌子v.使铭记;打火印,打烙印brandyn.白兰地酒brassn.黄铜,铜器bravea.勇敢的braveryn.大胆,勇敢breadn.面包breadthn.宽度,幅breakv.打破,折断,破碎;使中止,打断;破坏,违反n.打断,中止;休息时间break away(from)脱离,逃跑break down损坏,分解,瓦解break in强行进入,闯入;打断,插嘴break into闯入break off断绝,结束break out突然发生,爆发;(of)逃出break through突破break up中止,结束;打碎,拆散breakdownn.垮,衰竭;损坏,故障,倒塌breakfastn.早饭,早餐v.吃早饭breastn.胸膛,乳房breathn.呼吸,气息catch one’s breath屏息,歇口气out of breath喘不过气来,上气不接下气breathev.呼吸,吸入breedv.(使)繁殖,生殖;产生,引起;教养,抚养,饲养n.品种,种类breezen.微风,和风briben.贿赂v.向...行贿,买通brickn.砖(状物)briden.新娘bridgen.桥(梁)v.架桥,建桥briefa.简短的,简洁的v.简短介绍,简要汇报in brief简单地说,简言之brighta.明亮的,辉煌的;聪明的,伶俐的;欢快的,美好的brillianta.光辉的,灿烂的;卓越的,有才华的brimn.边缘,帽沿bringv.带来,拿来;引起,导致bring about带来,造成bring down打倒,挫伤;降低bring forth产生,提出bring forward提出bring out使出现,使显明;公布,出版bring to使恢复知觉bring up教育,培养,使成长briska.轻快的;生气勃勃的;兴隆的Britainn.不列颠,英国Britisha.不列颠的;英国(人)的brittlea.易碎的,脆(弱)的broada.宽的,广阔的;广大的,广泛的;宽宏的,豁达的broadcastv./n.广播(节目)brochuren.小册子brokena.破碎(了)的bronzen.青铜(色),青铜制品brookn.小河,溪broomn.扫帚brothern.兄弟;同胞;教友brown.眉(毛);额brownn./a.褐色(的),棕色(的)brushn.刷(子),毛刷;画笔v.刷,擦,掸,拂;擦过,掠过brutala.残忍的;严峻的;严酷的bubblen.泡,水泡,气泡v.冒泡,起泡,沸腾bucketn.水桶,吊桶budn.芽,花苞v.发芽,含苞欲放budgetn.预算v.做预算buffetn.自助餐bugn.臭虫;小毛病;窃听器v.窃听buildv.造,建筑,建设,建立build up积累,堵塞;树立,逐步建立;增进,锻炼buildingn.建筑(物),房屋,大楼bulbn.灯泡,球状物bulkn.体积,容积;主体,大批,大量,大块in bulk散装;大批,大量bulln.公牛bulletn.子弹,枪弹bulletinn.公报,公告,告示bumpv.(against,into)碰,撞;颠簸着前进n.碰撞;隆起物bunchn.(一)簇,束,捆,串bundlen.捆,包,束burdenn.担子,负担,重担bureaun.署,局,司,处burnv.燃烧,烧毁,烧伤n.烧伤,灼伤burn out烧掉burn up烧起来,旺起来;烧完,烧尽burstv.爆裂,炸破;突然发生,突然发作n.突然破裂,爆发buryv.埋(葬),安葬;埋藏,遮盖busn.公共汽车trolley bus无轨电车bushn.灌木(从)businessn.商业,生意;事务,业务,职责on business因公,因事busya.忙的,繁忙的;(with)忙于...的v.使忙于butconj.可是,但是,而;除...外prep.除...外ad.只,仅仅,不过but for除...以外,倘没有,除非butchern.屠夫,卖肉者buttern.黄油,奶油v.涂黄油于...上butterflyn.蝴蝶buttonn.纽扣,按钮(开关)v.扣紧;扣上纽扣buyv.(购)买n.购买,买卖byprep.在...旁,靠近;被,由;经,沿,通过;不迟于,到...时为止;根据,按照;[表示方法,手段]靠,用,通过ad.在近旁,经过bypass/by-passn.旁路,迂回的旁道by-productn.副产品Ccabbagen.洋白菜,卷心菜cabinn.客舱,机舱;小(木)屋cabinetn.橱柜;内阁cablen.电报;电缆;缆,索,钢丝绳v.拍电报cafen.咖啡馆,(小)餐馆cafeterian.自助食堂cagen.鸟笼caken.饼,(蛋)糕calculatev.计算,推算;计划,打算calendarn.日历,月历calln.叫喊,呼声;(电话)通话v.叫(喊),招呼;把...叫做,称...为;(on,at)访问,拜访;打电话call for邀请;要求,需要call forth唤起,引起;振作起,鼓起call off放弃,取消call on/upon访问,拜访;号召,呼吁call up召集,动员;打电话;使人想起calma.(天气,海洋等)静的,平静的;镇静的,沉着的n.平静,风平浪静v.(使)平静;(使)镇定cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机,摄影机campn.野营,营地;帐篷,阵营v.设营,宿营campaignn.战役;运动campusn.(大学)校园canaux.v.能,会;可以;可能n.罐头v.装罐头Canadan.加拿大Canadiana.加拿大的n.加拿大人canaln.运河;(沟)渠cancelv.取消,把...作废;删去,划掉cancern.癌candidaten.候选人,候补者;报考者candlen.蜡烛candyn.糖果cannonn.大炮,火炮canoen.独木舟,小游艇canteenn.食堂canvasn.帆布;油画布,油画capn.便帽,军帽;盖,罩,套v.覆盖于...顶端capablea.有本领的,有能力的;(of)可以...的,能...的capacityn.容量,容积;能量,能力;接受力capitaln.首都,首府;大写字母;资本,资金a.首位的,最重要的,基本的capitalismn.资本主义capsulen.胶囊;太空舱captainn.首领,队长;船长;上尉v.做...的首领,指挥captiven.俘虏a.被俘虏的,被监禁的capturev./n.捕获,俘虏v.夺得,攻占carn.车(辆),汽车;(火车)车厢carbonn.碳carbon dioxide二氧化碳cardn.卡片,名片;纸牌;纸片ID card身份证credit card信用卡caren.小心,谨慎,注意;关怀,操心,照料v.(about)关心,介意,计较care for照管,关心;喜欢,意欲take care小心,当心take care of照顾,照料;承担,处理,负责careern.生涯,经历;专业,职业carefula.小心的,仔细的;细致的,精心的cargon.船货,货物carpentern.木工,木匠carpetn.地毯carriagen.(四轮)马车;(火车)客车厢carriern.搬运人;载体carrotn.胡罗卜carryv.运送,搬运;传送,传播;领,带carry off夺去carry on继续下去,坚持下去;从事,经营carry out贯彻,执行,实现cartn.(二轮货运)马车,手推车cartoonn.漫画,幽默画;动画片carvev.(雕)刻casen.箱,盒,容器;情况,事实;病例;案件in any case无论如何,总之in case假如,以防(万一),免得in case of假使,万一in no case决不cashn.现金,现款v.兑现,付(或收)现款cashiern.收银员,出纳员cassetten.盒子;盒式磁带castv.投,扔,掷,抛;铸造n.演员表castlen.城堡casuala.偶然的,碰巧的;临时的,非正式的casualtyn.伤亡人员;受害人catn.猫catalog/cataloguen.目录(册)v.编目(录)catchv.捕捉,捕获;赶上;感染;理解,听到catch on理解,明白catch up with追上,赶上categoryn.种类,类目cathedraln.大教堂Catholica.天主教的n.天主教徒cattlen.牛;牲口,家畜causen.原因,理由;事业,事件,奋斗目标v.使产生,引起cautionn.小心,谨慎;警告,告诫v.警告cautiousa.(of)小心的,谨慎的caven.洞,穴ceasev./n.停止,中止ceilingn.天花板celebratev.庆祝celln.细胞;小房间;蜂房;电池cellarn.地窑,地下室cementn.水泥;胶泥,胶接剂v.胶合;巩固,加强censusn.人口普查(调查)centn.分(币);百per cent百分之center/centren.中心(区),中央v.集中centigraden./a.摄氏温度计(的);百分度(的) centimetre/centimetren.厘米centrala.中心的,中央的,中枢的;主要的centuryn.世纪,(一)百年ceremonyn.典礼,仪式;礼节,礼仪certaina.某,某一,某些;(of)一定的,确信的,可靠的certainlyad.一定,必定,无疑;当然,行certaintyn.必然,肯定;必然的事certificaten.证(明)书,执照chainn.链(条);[pl.]镣铐;一连串,一系列,连锁v.用链条拴住chairn.椅子;主席(职位)chairmann.主席,议长,会长,董事长chalkn.粉笔,白垩challengen.挑战(书);艰巨任务,难题v.向...挑战chambern.房间,室championn.冠军,得胜者;拥护者,斗士chancen.机会;可能性,或然性;偶然性,运气v.碰巧,偶然发生by chance偶然,碰巧take a chance冒险一试changen.改变,变化;零钱,找头v.更换,调换,交换,互换;改变,变化channeln.海峡,水道;信道,波道;路线,途径chaosn.混乱,紊乱chaptern.章(节),回charactern.性格,品质,特性,特征;人物,角色;字符,(汉)字characteristica.(of)特有的,独特的n.特征,特性characterize/characterisev.表示...的特性;描述...特性chargev.索(价),要(人)支付,收费;控告,指控;充电n.[pl.]费用,代价;电荷,负荷in charge (of)负责,主管take charge of担任,负责charityn.慈善(团体),仁慈,施舍charmn.吸引力,魅力;美貌v.迷人,(使)陶醉;施魔法于charminga.迷人的,可爱的chartn.图,图表charterv.租船,租车n.宪章chasev./n.追逐,追求。

2011年新东方考研英语模板

模板一．第一段模板：1. 一副图画：There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper recently. As is vividly displayed in the picture, 图画描述. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is far-reaching. In brief, China is encountered with a serious problem of ________.2. 两幅图画:There has been a heated discussion about a set of pictures in the newspaper recently. As is vividly displayed in the first picture, 图一. On the contrary / Meanwhile, in the second one, 图二. Simple as the pictures are, the meaning behind them is far-reaching. In brief, China is encountered with a serious problem of ________.3. 图表作文：There has been a heated discussion about a table in the newspaper recently. As is vividly displayed in the graph, 图表描述. Simple as the table is, the meaning behind it is far-reaching. In brief, China is encountered with a serious problem of ________.二. 负面现象：Why do we lay so much emphasis on this phenomenon? To the popular mind, it is immediately assumed that when 好的方面is argued, it is 坏的方面that is the most significant. Several points analyzed below can help us gain a better insight into what has happened.To begin with, 关键词not only does harm to 受害对象1. In addition, nothing is more harmful than 关键词to contradict with our efforts to build up 正面的状态. In accordance with a survey, the continue of 关键词will have a dreadful influence on 受害对象2.If we cannot take effective measures to control this trend, some undesirable consequences may come out unexpectedly and we will witness a gloomy future.The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took some effective steps to solve the problem. On one hand, it is necessary that laws and regulations should be worked out by the authorities. On the other hand, individuals should be educated to have the awareness of the dreadful consequences of the problem. With a proper law and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes a matter of the past.There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper recently. As is vividly displayed in the picture, _图画描述—. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is far-reaching. In brief, China is encountered with a serious problem of _____.Why do we lay so much emphasis on this phenomenon? To the popular mind, it is immediately assumed that when 好的方面is argued, it is 坏的方面that is the most significant. Several points analyzed below can help us gain a better insight into what has happened. To begin with, 关键词not only does harm to 受害对象1. In addition, nothing is more harmful than 关键词to contradict with our efforts to build up 正面的状态. In accordance with a survey, the continue of 关键词will have a dreadful influence on 受害对象2. If we cannot take effective measures to control this trend, some undesirable consequences may come out unexpectedly and we will witness a gloomy future.The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took some effective steps to solve the problem. On one hand, it is necessary that laws and regulations should be worked out by the authorities. On the other hand, individuals should be educated to have the awareness of the dreadful consequences of the problem. With a proper law and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes a matter of the past.2. 负面现象文章模版二：（解释原因）Why does this phenomenon appear? It goes without saying that a variety of complicated reasons contribute to the phenomenon, with the following two being the most significant.The first reason, as far as I am concerned, is that 原因一. In addition, we can not have failed to be aware of another potential reason which has decisive influence on the whole matter that_____原因二_____. If we cannot take effective measures to not control this trend, some undesirable consequences may come out unexpectedly and we will witness a gloomy future.The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took some effective steps to solve the problem. On one hand, it is necessary that laws and regulations should be worked out by the authorities. On the other hand, individuals should be educated to have the awareness of the dreadful consequences of the problem. With a proper law and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes a matter of the past.There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper recently. As is vividly displayed in the picture, 图画描述. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is far-reaching. In brief, China is encountered with a serious problem of ________.Why does this phenomenon appear? It goes without saying that a variety of complicated reasons contribute to the phenomenon, with the following two being the most significant. The first reason, as far as I am concerned, is that 原因一. In addition, we can not have failed to be aware of another potential reason which has decisive influence on the whole matter that_____原因二_____. If we cannot take effective measures to not control this trend, some undesirable consequences may come out unexpectedly and we will witness a gloomy future.The situation being so serious, it is high time that we took some effective steps to solve the problem. On one hand, it is necessary that laws and regulations should be worked out by the authorities. On the other hand, individuals should be educated to have the awareness of the dreadful consequences of the problem. With a proper law and an alert public, it will only be a matter of time before the problem becomes a matter of the past.三. 精神类：（解释原因）Why do we lay so much emphasis on the value of 精神? It is mainly due to the fact that 精神is crucial and fundamental to those who undertake great deeds. It goes without saying that a variety of complicated reasons contribute to the phenomenon, with following two being the most significant. The first reason, as far as I am concerned, is that __原因一__.In addition, we can’t have failed to have the awareness of another potential reason which has a decisive influence on the whole matter that _____原因二____. I can think of no better examples other than the following one. __例子___. Just as old proverb says, _精神__ is the key point to success.There is no denying that in doing things, whether great or slight, there are more or less difficulties. Consequently, it is much better for one to have _精神__ rather than despair. Were there no such spirit, we would never gain success in our lives.There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper recently. As is vividly displayed in the picture, 图画描述. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is far-reaching. In brief, _____ is crucial to human beings.Why do we lay so much emphasis on the value of 精神? It is mainly due to the fact that 精神is crucial and fundamental to those who undertake great deeds. It goes without saying that a variety of complicated reasons contribute to the phenomenon, with following two being the most significant. The first reason, as far as I am concerned, is that __原因一__. In addition, we can’thave failed to have the awareness of another potential reason which has a decisive influence on the whole matter that _____原因二____. I can think of no better examples other than the following one. __例子___. Just as old proverb says, _精神__ is the key point to success.There is no denying that in doing things, whether great or slight, there are more or less difficulties. Consequently, it is much better for one to have _精神__ rather than despair. Were there no such spirit, we would never gain success in our lives.四. 正面现象：Why does this phenomenon appear? It goes without saying that a variety of complicated reasons contribute to the phenomenon, with following two being the most significant. The first reason, as far as I am concerned, is that __________. In addition, we can’t have failed to have the awareness of another potential reason which has a decisive influence on the whole matter that _________________.After taking all the information into consideration, we sense that it is high time that we took this perfect opportunity to develop our economy and society.The advantages brought by ______ are self-evident. With a better and everlasting awareness of the significance of ______, individuals and the society will be benefited greatly and we can witness a prosperous future.There has been a heated discussion about a picture in the newspaper recently. As is vividly displayed in the picture, 图画描述. Simple as the picture is, the meaning behind it is far-reaching. In brief, China is encountered with an opportunity of ________.Why does this phenomenon appear? It goes without saying that a variety of complicated reasons contribute to the phenomenon, with following two being the most significant. The first reason, as far as I am concerned, is that __________. In addition, we can’t have failed to have the awareness of another potential reason which has a decisive influence on the whole matter that _________________. After taking all the information into consideration, we sense that it is high time that we took this perfect opportunity to develop our economy and society.The advantages brought by ______ are self-evident. With a better and everlasting awareness of the significance of ______, individuals and the society will be benefited greatly and we can witness a prosperous future.。

2011年考研英语笔记

2011年考研英语笔记2011年考研英语笔记第一部分考研英语试卷结构一、试卷结构=?=?=??=?)20()10(1025Tr 31025)(240254)(1)105.020(PartB PartA Writing anslating part Part Intensive Part Weading Cloze ）（新题型二、复习顺序：97—2000（六月份之前）—01—04—05—07（十月份之前）—08、09、10三、复习指南--技巧句子词汇《刘毅文》）六月份之前完成（参考短语单词单词实力分数100055005500第二部分词汇1、连词：and / but / or / as well as / both and / either or / not only...but also2、副词:[adverb] 起修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范围的词。

A 副词的种类1) 时间和频度副词:now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, lately, next,lastday,already,generally,frequently,seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, finally,shortly,before, ago,sometimes, yesterday . once ，twice2) 地点副词:here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back,forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.3) 方式副词:carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly4) 程度副词:much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly, hardly.5) 疑问副词:how, when, where, why.6) 关系副词:when, where, why .7) 连接副词:therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.B、副词的作用和位置副词在句中可作状语，表语，补语。

考研英语核心词汇总结(2011英语一Text4)

2011英语一Text4It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful1, provocative2magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing3 is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience4. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable5, Senior suggests we need to redefine6happiness: instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured7 by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition8. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly9 hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen10our moods can later be sources of intense gratification11 and delight12.”The magazine cover showing an attractive mother holding a cute13 baby is hardly the only Madonna-and-child image on newsstands14this week. There are also stories about newly adoptive—and newly single–mom Sandra Bullock, as well as the usual “Jennifer Aniston is pregnant15” news. Practically every week features16 at least one celebrity17 mom, or mom-to-be, smiling on the newsstands.In a society that so persistently18 celebrates procreation19, is it any wonder that admitting you regret having children is equivalent20 to admitting you support kitten-killing? It doesn’t seem quite fair, then, to compare the regrets of parents to the regrets of the children. Unhappy parents rarely are provoked21to wonder if they shouldn’t have h ad kids, but unhappy childless folks22are bothered with the message that children are the single most important thing in the world: obviously their misery23 must be a direct result24 of the gaping baby-size holes25 in their lives.Of course, the image of parenthood that celebrity magazines like Us Weekly and People present is hugely unrealistic26, especially when the parents are single mothers like Bullock. According to several studies concluding that parents are less happy than childless couples, single parents are the least happy of all. No shock there, considering how much work it is to raise a kid without a partner to lean on27; yet to hear Sandra and Britney tell it, raising a kid on their “own” (read: with round-the-clock help) is a piece of cake.It’s hard to imagine that many people are dumb28 enough to want children just because Reese and Angelina make it look so glamorous29: most adults understand that a baby is not a haircut. But it’s interesting to wonder if the images we see every week of stress-free, happiness-enhancingparenthood30aren’t in some small, subconscious31 way contributing to our own dissatisfactions32 with the actual experience, in the same way that a small part of us hoped getting “the Rachel” might make us look just a little bit like Jennifer Aniston.36. Jennifer Senior suggests in her article that raising a child can bring________.[A] temporary33 delight[B] enjoyment in progress[C] happiness in retrospect34[D] lasting reward3537. We learn from Paragraph 2 that________.[A] celebrity moms are a permanent source for gossip36[B] single mothers with babies deserve greater attention[C] news about pregnant celebrities is entertaining37[D] having children is highly valued by the public38. It is suggested in Paragraph 3 that childless folks________.[A] are constantly exposed to38 criticism[B] are largely ignored by the media[C] fail to fulfill their social responsibilities[D] are less likely to be satisfied with39 their life39. According to Paragraph 4, the message conveyed by celebrity magazines is________.[A] soothing40[B] ambiguous41[C] compensatory42[D] misleading40. Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?[A] Having children contributes little to the glamour43 of celebrity moms.[B] Celebrity moms have influenced our attitude towards child rearing.[C] Having children intensifies44 our dissatisfaction with life.[D] We sometimes neglect45 the happiness from child rearing.【干货笔记】1. insightful adj. 富有洞察力的，有深刻见解的2. provocative adj. 挑衅的，煽动性的；挑逗的，激发性欲的；引发思考的，启发性的3. child rearing 育儿4. a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience 一个完全令人满意的，丰富的生活经历5. miserable adj. 痛苦的，使人难受的；（人）乖戾的，总是抱怨的；少得可怜的，太少的；糟糕的，差劲的6. redefine v. 重新定义，重新界定7. measure v. 测量；（指尺寸、长短、数量等）量度为；估量，判定n. 措施; 方法; (一定的)量; 尺度; 标准; 程度; 判断; 度量单位8. past-tense condition 过去时条件tense adj. 紧张的; 担心的; 不能松弛的; 令人紧张的n. (动词的) 时; 时态9. soul-crushingly 令人抓狂的，让人崩溃的，震撼人心的crushingly adv. 让人受不了地；过分地10. dampen v. 使潮湿，弄湿；减弱，抑制11. gratification n. 满足，令人喜悦的事物12. delight n. 高兴；令人高兴的人或物，乐事v. 使高兴；以…为乐13. cute adj. 可爱的; 漂亮迷人的; 有性吸引力的; 性感的; 精明的14. newsstand n. 报摊；杂志摊15. pregnant adj. 怀孕的，妊娠的；意味深长的，意义重大的16.【特点，特征，特性】①feature n. 特点，特征；五官，面貌（特征）；地貌；特写，专题节目；v. 以…为特色，以…为主要组成；起重要作用，占重要地位；放映，上演；担任主演②characteristic n. 特点，特征③ distinctiveness n. 独特性，特色④Uniqueness n. 独特性17. celebrity n. 名声，名望；名人，明星18. persistently adv. 坚持地；固执地19. procreation n. 生殖；生产20. equivalent adj. 相等的; (价值、数量、意义、重要性等)相同的n. 相等的东西; 等量; 对应词21. provoke v. 激起，引起；激励，刺激；挑衅，激怒22. folk n. 人们；家人，双亲；民间音乐；诸位，大伙儿adj. 民俗的，传统的；流传民间的，普通百姓的23. misery n. 痛苦，苦难；穷困，悲惨境遇；24. direct result 直接结果25. gaping baby-size holes 小型的漏洞gaping adj.（洞）豁开的；（伤口）敞开的；（嘴巴）张大的26. unrealistic adj. 不切实际的；不实在的27. lean on 靠在…上；依赖28. dumb adj. 哑的，不肯开口的; 愚蠢的; 笨的29. glamorous adj. 迷人的; 特别富有魅力的; 富于刺激的; 独特的30. stress-free, happiness-enhancing parenthood 无压力、幸福感增强的父母身份parenthood n. 做父母的身份31. subconscious adj. 下意识的; 潜意识的n. 下意识; 潜意识32. dissatisfaction n. 不快; 不悦; 不满意33. temporary adj. 暂时的; 临时的; 短暂的n. 临时工; 临时雇员34. retrospect n. 回顾，回想v. 回顾，追溯35. lasting reward 持久的回报36. gossip n. 闲聊, 流言蜚语，小道消息；v. 闲聊37. entertaining adj. 使人愉快的，娱乐性的n. 招待客户，宴请v. 使有兴趣，使快乐；心存，怀有（想法、希望、感觉等）；招待，请客（entertain 的现在分词形式）38. be constantly exposed to 经常暴露于39. be satisfied with 满意40. soothing adj. 安慰的，使人平静的；舒缓的，镇痛的v. 安慰，使平静；减轻，缓和（疼痛）；使（身体部位）舒缓（soothe的现在分词）41. ambiguous adj. 模棱两可的，有歧义的；不明朗的，不确定的42. compensatory adj. 赔偿的；弥补的，补偿的43.【吸引】① absorb v. 吸收，吸引absorption n. 吸收；吸引be absorbed in… 被…吸引the absorption of immigrants into American society 把移民吸收进美国社会② attract v. 吸引attractive adj. 有魅力的；引人注目的；迷人的；招人喜爱的attractiveness n. 吸引力attraction n. 吸引；吸引力；有吸引力的人或事物（glamour/glamor n.,魔力；魔法；魅力）③ lure v. 引诱④ tempt v. 引诱；诱惑be tempted to do … 被诱惑去做…⑤glamour n. 吸引力，诱惑力，魅力；迷人的美，奢华；v. 迷住，迷惑44. intensify v. 加剧；强化；使尖锐45. neglect v. 不予重视，忽视；疏于照顾，未予看管；漏做n. 忽略，忽视，未被重视。

2011年新东方考研(王江涛)必背20篇范文--小作文(10篇)+

1.Directions:You live in a room in college which you share with another student. You find it very difficult to work there because your roommate always has friends visiting and has parties in the room. Write a letter to the Accommodation Officer at the college to1) ask for a new room next term,2) prefer a single room, and3) explain your reasons.Dear Sir or Madam,I am writing to express/air dissatisfaction/disappointment/concern regarding/concerning/as regards accommodation. I would prefer to move into a single room next semester, as I find the present sharing arrangement inconvenient.I must explain that the reason for my dissatisfaction is my roommate’s inconsiderate behavior. For one thing, his friends are constantly visiting him; for another, he regularly holds noisy parties.To solve this problem/surmount this difficulty/improve this situation/crack this hard nut, I hope to draw the attention of the authorities concerned. I am sure you will agree that the only solution for me is to move into a room of my own. Therefore, I would be grateful if you could find a single room for me, preferably not in the same building but as near to the college campus as possible.Yours sincerely,2.Li MingDirections:You want to study at a certain foreign university. Write a letter to1) ask about the situation there as regards accommodation and fees,2) possible scholarships, and3) what qualifications one needs for acceptance.Dear Sir or Madam,I am a Chinese student who wishes to apply for admission into your prestigious university. My plan is to start my course next term, and I would be grateful if you would be kind enough to provide me with certain essential information.First, what qualifications do I need to follow a course of study at your university? I already have a bachelor’s degree from Beijing Foreign Studies University, but I wonder if there are any further academic requirements. Second, how much are the tuition fees? Although I intend to be self-supporting, I would be interested to hear if there are any scholarships available for international students. Third, what is the situation as regards accommodation?I look forward to your reply, and to attending your esteemed institution.Yours sincerely,3.Li MingDear Mr. Byron,I am a senior from the Department of Business Administration of Tsinghua University. I am writing the letter in purpose of applying for your recently advertised position for a staff member.I am sure that I am qualified for it. To begin with, enclosed with my resume, which further details my previous academic qualifications and work experiences. In addition, not only do my qualifications and experiences make me an ideal candidate for it, my cheerful personality is well suited to working as a staff member. Last but not least, my hobbies include sports and music.I would appreciate it if you could grant me an interview so that I could explain in more details in person the relevance of my educational background and working experiences.Yours sincerely,4.Li MingDirections:You are the president of a company. Write a memo to Percy Shelley, the vice-president on the employee’s training on computer, telling him the need to train the employees, detailed information, and ask him to write a plan.Date：January 8, 2011To：Percy Shelley, Vice PresidentFrom：Li Ming, PresidentSubject：Computer Training of the StaffAs we discussed earlier this week, I agree with you that our firm is faced up with problem of the high rate of computer illiteracy of the staff. We need to make up a plan for training our employees in the new field.I would like you to design our own in-house computer-training program. We had better classify the employees and put them through the program in turn.Write up a brief proposal, describing what you think the program should cover. Assume the class runs four hours a week for ten weeks. Also, assume people have no prior computer knowledge or any formal course work in computer science. (108 words)参考译文书信类1、投诉信尊敬的先生或女士：我写信是为了表达关于住宿的不满。

新东方考研英语辅导笔记

新东方考研英语辅导笔记阅读理解部分一、阅读文章1. 来源:西方的报刊杂志2. 文体:谈论文，说明文，〔记叙文〕，应用文3. 历年考题:多为社会科学，自然科学，人文科学4. 大纲5. key word: 1Close reading, 2阅读三步走 348精读击破法1 Close reading:第一、精读要到达:首先，分析文章，对题目中的四个选项要做分析。

正确的选项要做分析，错误的选项也要做分析。

其次，把文章中的单词要背会、要全部熟识把握。

长句子要摘取下来背诵，翻译。

对于重点文章，有时需要背诵全文。

其次、如何精读48篇文章:首先是单词量；其次是难句；最终是解题思路。

第三、对于文章则可以多角度的读，题目也可以多角度的分析。

248精读击破法复习方式:以点代面，切忌题海战术！第一、精度的角度。

首先是单词量；其次是对阅读中的长句、难句进行分析；最终要对题目进行分析。

其次、泛读的目的。

第一是增添背景学问；其次是熬炼抓住文章中心的力量。

第三、建议要读以下三本杂志:Time, Newsweek, Economist.二、阅读三步走:1. 通读全文，抓住中心〔不推举采纳先看题目后读文章的做法〕1) 通读全文。

1 首段 2 其他各段的段首段尾句。

2) 抓住中心。

1文章表达的主要内容是什么？2文章中有无提到核心概念？3大致看法是什么？2. 认真审题返回原文1) 通常是由题干动身，使用查找关键词定位原则。

大写字母，地名，时间，数字等。

2) 自然段定位原则:出题挨次与行文的挨次是大体全都的。

3. 重叠选项，得出答案。

重叠原文?即对比原文。

⑴原则一:1∶1原则〔通读时间与做题时间对等〕⑵原则二:首段原则〔不要怕重复和回读〕首段的作用:1中心段 2抛砖引玉⑶原则三:首末句原则，即除首段和末段，其余各段的首末句肯定要读懂，其他各句正常阅读三、阅读困难:1. 单词量不大〔要熟看考验英语大纲〕，句型结构冗杂〔将每篇文章中的难句摘录下来，加以背诵〕2. 的观点具有一点的隐藏性3. 选项的迷惑性四、做题误区:1. 做得太快，做题靠印象或直觉。

【2011考研英语精华资料】新东方考研英语知识运用常考词语固定搭配

考研英语知识运用常考词语固定搭配【介词+名词形式】第一组by accident偶然on account of因为，由于in addition另外in addition to除……之外in the air在流行中，在传播中on (the/an) average平均，一般来说on the basis of根据，在……的基础上at (the) best充其量，至多for the better好转，改善on board在船(车、飞机)上out of breath喘不过气来on business因公，因事in any case无论如何，总之in case of假使，万一in case假如，以防(万一)免得in no case决不第二组by chance偶然，碰巧in charge (of)负责，主管(a) round the clock昼夜不停地in common共用，共有，共同in conclusion最后，总之on condition that在……条件下in confidence信任in connection with/to关于in consequence因此，结果in consequence of由于……的缘故on the contrary反之，正相反in contrast with/to与……成对照out of control失去控制under control被控制住at all costs不惜任何代价at the cost of以……为代价第三组in the course of在……过程中，在……期间of course当然，自然，无疑in danger在危险中，垂危out of danger脱离危险out of date过期(时)的up to date时新的in debt欠债in detail详细地in difficulties处境困难in the distance在远处off duty下班on duty值班，上班on earth究竟，到底at all events无论如何in any event无论如何in effect有效；实际上第四组in the event of万一，如果发生for example例如with the exception of除……之外in the face of面对，不顾，即使in fact其实，实际上on fire烧着on foot步行in force有效；实施中in favo(u)r of有利于，赞成，支持in front of在……面前in (the) future今后，将来on guard警惕，防范in general通常，大体上in half成两半at hand在手边，在附近from tip to toe彻头彻尾，完全by hand用手hand down to往下传，传给(后代)第五组hand in hand手拉手，携手in hand在掌握中，在控制中on hand在手边，临近on (the) one hand...一方面……，on the other hand...另一方面……at heart在内心；实质上by heart牢记，凭记忆at home在家，在国内；自在，自如in honor of以纪念，向……表示敬意on one’s honor以名誉担保in a hurry匆忙地，立即for instance例如，举例说at intervals不时，时时at last最终，终于at least至少，最低限度in the least一点，丝毫第六组at length终于，最后；详细地in the light of按照，根据in line成一直线，排成一行in line with与……一致，按照at a loss困惑，不知所措as a matter of fact其实，事实上by all means无论如何，必定by means of借助于，用by no means决不in memory of纪念at the mercy of在……支配下by mistake错误地at the moment现在，此刻for a moment片刻，一会儿for the moment现在，暂时in a moment立刻，马上第七组in nature本质上on occasion有时，不时in order秩序井然，整齐in group to以便，为了in group that以便out of order发生故障，失调on one’s own独自地，独立地in particular特别地，尤其，详细地in the past在过去，以往in person亲自in place在适当的位置in place of代替in the first place起初，首先in the last place最后out of place不得其所的，不适当的on the point即将……的时候第八组to the point切中要害，切题in practice在实际中，实际上out of practice久不练习，荒疏at present目前，现在for the present目前，暂时in proportion to(与……)成比例的in public公开地，当众for (the) purpose of为了on purpose故意，有意with the purpose of为了in question正在考虑at random随意地，任意地at any rate无论如何，至少by reason of由于as regards关于，至于with/in regard to对于，就……而论第九组in/with relation to关系到with respect to关于as a result结果，因此as a result of由于……的结果in return作为报答，作为回报on the road在旅途中as a rule规章，规则；通常，照例in the long run最终，从长远观点看for the sake of为了……起见on sale出售；贱卖on a large scale大规模地on a small scale小规模地in secret秘密地，私下地in a sense从某种意义上说in shape处于良好状态on the side作为兼职，额外第十组at first sight乍一看，初看起来in sight被看到，在望out of sight看不见，在视野之外in spite of不管，不顾；尽管，虽然on the spot当场，在现场in step同步，合拍out of step步调不一致，不协调in stock现有，备有in sum总而言之in tears流着泪，含泪，哭in terms of依据，按照；用……措词for one thing首先，一则on the second thoughts经重新考虑，一转念at a time每次，一次at no time从不，决不at one time同时，曾经，从前曾第十一组at the same time但是，然而at times有时for the time being目前，暂时from time to time有时，不时in no time立即，马上in time及时，适时地on time准时on top of在……之上out of touch失去联系in truth事实上，实际上，的确on try试穿by turns轮流，交替地in turn依次，轮流in vain徒劳，无效a variety of种种，各种by virtue of由于第十二组by the way顺便提一下，另外by way of经由，通过……方式in a way在某点，在某种程度上in no way决不in the way of妨碍in one’s/the way妨碍，阻碍after a while过了一会，不久for a while暂时，一时on the whole总的来说in a word总而言之in other words换句话说，也就是说at work在工作，忙于out of work失业in the world到底，究竟【动词+名词形式】第十三组have/gain access to可以获得take...into account考虑gain/have an advantage over胜过，优于pay the way for为……铺平道路take advantage of利用，趁……之机pay attention to注意do/try one’s best尽力，努力get the best of胜过make the best of充分利用，妥善处理get the better of打败，致胜catch one’s breath屏息，歇口气take care小心，当心take care of照顾，照料take a chance冒险一试take charge of担任，负责keep company with与……交往，与……take delight in以……为乐with delight欣然，乐意地第十四组make a/the difference有影响，很重要carry/bring into effect使生效，使起作用puts into effect实行，生效come/go into effect生效，实施take effect生效，起作用catch one’s eye引人注目keep an eye on留意，照看make a face做鬼脸find fault埋怨，挑剔catch fire着火come/go into force生效，实施make friends交朋友，友好相处be friends with对……友好，与……交上朋友make fun of取笑，嘲弄keep one’s head保持镇静lost one’s head不知所措第十五组lose heart丧失勇气，失去信心get/learn by heart记住，背诵get hold of抓住，掌握keep house管理家务，做家务throw/cast light on使明白，阐明bear/keep in mind记住have in mind记住，考虑到，想到make up one’s mind下决心come/go into operation使投入生产，使运转put in order整理，检修keep/hold pace with跟上，与……同步play a part起作用take place发生，进行take the place of代替come to the point说到要点，扼要地说bring/carry into practice实施，实行第十六组make progress进步，进展give rise to引起，使发生make sense讲得通，有意义catch the sight of发现，突然看见(go) on the stage当演员take one’s time不急不忙，从容进行keep in touch保持联系keep track通晓事态，注意动向lose track失去联系make use of利用put to use使用，利用give way让路，让步lead the way带路，引路make one’s way前进，进行make way让路，开路keep one s word遵守诺言第十七组act on作用appeal to呼吁，要求attempt at企图，努力attitude to/towards态度，看法a great/good deal of大量(的)，许多(的) influence on影响interference in干涉interference with妨碍，打扰第十八组introduce to介绍a lot (of)许多(的)，大量(的)lots of大量，很多fall in love with相爱，爱上a matter of(关于……)的问题a number of若干，许多reply to回答，答复a series of一系列，一连串其他固定搭配第十九组trolley bus电车I. D. card身份证credit card信用卡no doubt无疑，必定next door隔壁out of doors在户外face to face面对面地as matter of fact实际情况，真相a few有些，几个quite a few还不少，有相当数目的a little一点，稍微，一些，少许little by little逐渐地quite a little相当多，不少no matter无论the moment (that)一……就no more不再第二十组fair play公平竞赛；公平对待in demand有需要，销路好rest room厕所，盥洗室primary school小学side by side肩并肩，一个挨一个heart and soul全心全意step by step逐步ahead of time提前all the time一直，始终once upon a time从前once in a while偶尔，有时no wonder难怪，怪不得word for word逐字地decline with thanks婉言谢绝【动词+介词形式】第二十一组account for说明(原因等)aim at瞄准，针对allow for考虑到appeal to呼吁，要求arrive at达成，得出ask after询问，问候ask for请求，要求attach to附属于，隶属于begin with从开始break into闯入break off断绝，结束break through突破break up中止，结束；打碎，折断bring about带来，造成bring down打倒，挫伤；降低bring forth产生，提上第二十二组bring forward提出bring out使出现；公布；出版bring up教育，培养，使成长build up积累；堵塞；树立，逐步建立；增进；锻炼call for邀请；要求；需求call forth唤起，引起；振作起，鼓起call off放弃，取消catch at抓住(东西)call on/upon访问，拜访；号召，呼吁call up召集，动员；打电话care for照管，关心；喜欢，意欲carry off夺去carry on继续下去；从事，经营carry out贯彻，执行；实现come to总计，达到；苏醒，复原count on依靠；期待，指望count up把……相加第二十三组cover up掩饰，掩盖cut across走捷径，抄近路deal with处理，对付，安排do without没有……也行fill in/out填充，填写get at得到，接近；意思是get into进入，陷入go after追求go into进入；研究，调查go for竭力想取得；喜爱；支持，拥护go through经历，经受；详细检查go with伴随，与……协调go without没有……也行improve on改进keep to保持，坚持lie in在于live up to不辜负第二十四组live on/by靠……生活，以……为食live through度过，经受过look after照管，照料look at看望，注视look for寻找，寻求look into调查，观察，过问；窥视look over检查，查看，调查look through仔细查看，浏览，温习make for走向，驶向；有助于occur to被想到，被想起play with以……为消遣，玩弄refer to参考，查阅，涉及，提到run for竞选run into撞上，偶然碰见see to注意，负责，照料，修理send for派人去请，召唤；索取第二十五组send in呈报，递交，送来serve as作为，用作set aside挑出，拨出，留出；拒绝sit for参加stand by支持，帮助；袖手旁观stand for代替，代表，意味着stand against反抗，抵抗stick to坚持，忠于，信守take after与……相像take for把……认为是，把……看成是take in接受，吸收；了解，理解take to喜欢，亲近touch on关系到，涉及turn into变成turn to变成；求助于，借助于turn off关上；出产；解雇【动词+副词形式】第二十六组break down损坏，分解，瓦解break in闯入；打断，插嘴break out逃出；突然发生，爆发bring to使恢复知觉burn out烧掉burn up烧起来，旺起来；烧完catch on理解，明白check in办理登记手续check out结账后离开；检验，核查check up (on)校对，检查，检验cheer up使高兴，使振奋clear away扫除，收拾clear up收拾；澄清；放晴make it clear that弄清楚come off实现，成功，奏效come on请，来吧，快点；开始，出场，上演come out出版；出现，显露；结果是第二十七组come round (around)来访，前来；苏醒，复原come through经历，脱险come up走近，上来；发生，被提出cross out删去，取消cut back削减，减少cut down削减，降低cut in(汽车)抢道；插嘴，打断cut off切断；删去；停止cut out删cut short突然停止die down渐渐消失，平息die out消失，灭绝draw in(火车、汽车)到站draw up写上，画上；草拟；停住dress up穿上盛装，打扮得很漂亮drop by/in顺便来访dry out干透，使干dry up干涸，枯竭第二十八组drop off减弱，减少drop out退出，离队fall behind落后fall out争吵；结果是fall through落空，失败feed in输入find out查明get across解释清楚，使人了解get around/round走动，旅行；(消息)传开get away逃脱，离开get by通过，经过get down从……下来；写下get in进入；收获，收集get off从……下来；离开，动身，开始get over克服；(从病中)恢复过来get through结束，完成；接通电话have got to (do)不得不，必须第二十九组get together集合，聚集get up起床；增加，增强give away泄露；分送give back送还，恢复give in交上；投降，屈服give off放出，释放give out分发，放出give up停止，放弃go ahead开始，前进；领先go by过去go down下降，降低；被载入，传下去go off爆炸，发射；动身，离开go out外出；熄灭go over检查，审查；复习，重温go round/around足够分配go under下沉，沉没；失败；破产go through通过，审查，完成第三十组go up上升，增加；建起hand down流传下来，传给，往下传hand in交上，递交hand on传下来，依次传递hand out分发，散发，发给hand over交出，移交，让与hang about闲荡，徘徊，逗留hang back犹豫，踌躇，畏缩hang on抓紧不放；继续下去hang up挂断(电话)have back要回，收回have on穿着，戴着hold back踌躇，退缩；阻止，抑制hold on继续，握住不放hold out维持，支持；坚持，不屈服hold up举起，阻挡，使停止；抢劫第三十一组hurry up(使)赶快，迅速完成keep back阻止，阻挡；隐瞒，保留keep down控制，压制，镇压；压低keep off不接近，避开keep up保持，维持；继续，坚持let down放下，降低；使失望let in让……进入，放……进来let off放(烟，烟火)，开(枪)let out放掉，放出，发出line up排队，使排成一行look back回顾，回头看look out留神，注意，提防，警惕look on旁观，观看；看待，视作look up查阅，查考；寻找(某人)look in顺便看望make out辨认，区分；理解，了解make out of用……做，从……得出第三十二组make up构成，拼凑；弥补，赔偿；化装mix up混淆，混合，搞糊涂pass away去世，逝世pass off中止，停止pass to转到，讨论，传到pass out失去知觉，昏倒pay back偿还，回报pay off还清(债)pay down即时交付，用现金支付pay up全部付清第三十三组pick out选出，挑出，拣出；辨认，辨别出pick up拾起，(偶然)得到；(车船)中途搭(人)，学会pull down拆毁，拉倒；拉下，降低pull in(车)停下，进站，船(到岸)pull off脱(帽、衣)pull on穿，戴pull out拔出，抽出；(车、船)驶出pull together齐心协力pull up(使)停下put across解释清楚，说明put aside储存，保留put away放好，收好；储存put down记下，放下；镇压，平定put forward提出put in驶进put on穿上，戴上；上演；增加(体重)put out熄灭，关(灯)；出版，发布；生产put right改正(错误)，整理第三十四组put up提起，举起，提(价)；为……提供食宿，投宿ring off挂断电话rub out擦掉，拭去run down撞倒，撞沉；追捕，追查run off复印，打印run over略读，略述；辗过，浏览，匆匆复习see off给……送行see through看穿，识破；干完，干到底set back推迟，延缓，阻碍set down卸下，放下，记下，记入set forth阐明，陈述set off出发，动身；引起，使发生set out陈列，显示；动身，起程；制定set up创立，建立，树立；资助，扶持show in领入show off炫耀，卖弄第三十五组show up使呈现，使醒目shut out排除sit in列席，旁听sit up迟睡，熬夜speed up使加速stand out突出，显眼stand up站起来，耐用step up提高，加快，加紧step in插入，介入stick out伸出，突出；坚持到底，继续take away消除；消耗take down记下，写下take off拿走，脱下；起飞take on呈现；接纳，承担，从事take over接管，接办take up占据；开始；拿起，接收take up with和……交往，忍受，采用第三十六组think over仔细考虑throw away扔掉，抛弃touch up润色，改进turn down拧小，调低；拒绝turn in交出，上缴；转身进入turn off关掉，断开；拐弯，叉开turn on接通，打开turn out制造，生产；结果是turn over翻过来；移交，转交turn up开大；出现；来到；发生use up用完，花完warm up变热wear off逐渐消失wear out用破；耗尽，使精疲力竭while away消磨(时间)wipe out擦去，抹去；消灭，毁灭work out解决，算出；弄懂，制定出work up引起，激起；逐渐上升work on从事于，努力做write off报废，勾销，注销【后接动名词的固定搭配】第三十七组aim at目的在于，旨在；瞄准accuse...of...控告；谴责depend on取决于devote to奉献，致力engage in从事于，忙着；订婚feel like欲，想要go on继续；发生cannot/couldn’t help禁不住；不得不insist on坚持keep from使……不(做)keep on继续不断，保持look forward to盼望，期待persist in坚持，持续prevent from预防，防止put off推迟，推延set about开始，着手succeed in成功thank for感谢think of想起，想到；想一想【其他固定搭配】第三十八组add up to合计，总计make believe假装break away (from)脱离，逃跑catch up with追上，赶上come true实现，达到come up to达到，符合come up with提出，提供concern with关心，挂念；从事于do away with废除，去掉have something to do with和……有点关系have nothing to do with和……毫无关系fall back on求助于，转而依靠fall in with符合，与……一致be fed up with感到厌烦as follows如下get along/on with有进展，有进步；生活得get through到达，完成，及格get somewhere有些；结果第三十九组get down to开始，着手get out of逃避，改掉get the better of占上风，胜过have got有give oneself away泄露，露马脚give oneself up自首，投降，投案give way to给……让路，被……代替go along with陪同前往，随行go back on违背go in for从事，致力于，追求go before居前hang on to紧握住，坚持下去have to/have got to不得不，必须have to do with与……有关help oneself自取所需(食物)hold on to紧紧抓住，坚持keep out of躲开，置身……之外第四十组keep up with向……看齐，跟上……lend itself to适用于，对……有用let alone不干涉；更不用说let loose放开，放松，释放let go放开，松手live up to做到，不负look down on看不起，轻视look up to尊敬，敬仰be made up of由……构成，由……组成make up for补偿，弥补never mind不要紧，没关系put in for申请put up with容忍，忍受refer to...as把……称作，把……当做run out of用完，用尽，耗尽serve right活该，给应得的待遇第四十一组set in来临，流行set out to打算，着手stand up for为……辩护；维护stand up to面对，坚决抵抗；经得起come to stay木已成舟stay by守在一边take...as把……作为think of...as把……看做是，以为……是think better of改变主意，重新考虑throw about乱丢(东西)，乱花(钱) throw down推倒throw (a) light on照亮，阐明【形容词的固定搭配】第四十二组be able to (do)能(做)，会(做)be about to (do)即将，正要be absent from缺勤，缺课be abundant in富于，富有be accustomed to习惯于be acquainted with与……相识，熟悉be active in积极于be afraid of恐怕，害怕，担忧be alive to发觉，感觉，对……敏感be angry at因某事生气be angry with对……发怒be anxious about担心，为……担忧be anxious for急切盼望，渴望be anxious to (do)渴望(做)be ashamed of为……感到害臊be aware of意识到第四十三组be bad at拙于，不善于be badly off生活穷困be based on根据，以……为基础be bent on热恋于，一心想be beside oneself忘乎所以be better off处境较好，情况好转be born in出生于……be born of出生于……(家庭)be bound to (do)一定会，不得不be buried in沉思，陷入，专心于be burned out住所被烧光be busy (doing)忙着(做某事)be busy with忙于……be busy about忙于……be careful of爱惜，注意be careful to (do)务必注意(做)第四十四组be certain to (do)一定(做)，必然(做)be capable of能够be confident in对……有信心be characterized by以……为特征be clever at擅长于be combined with与……结合be composed of由……组成be concerned about关心，挂念be connected with与……有关be coupled with与……配合be covered with被……覆盖be crowded with挤满，拥塞be curious to (do)很想(做)be dependent on/upon取决于，依赖be derived from由……得到be determined to (do)决心(做)第四十五组be different from与……不同be divided by被……除以be divided into被合成be eager for渴望be eager to (do)急于要(做)be engaged in忙于，从事于be equal to等于be famous for以……著名be fed up因多而厌烦be filled with充满be fit for适合，胜任be fond of喜欢，爱好be free from没有……的，不受……影响的be friendly to对……友好be frightened at受……惊吓be glad to (do)乐于(做)，对……感到高兴第四十六组be good at (doing)善于，擅长be good for适于，在……期间有效be grateful to感谢，感激be identified as被认为是be independent of脱离……而独立，与……无关be indispensable for对……必不可少的be interested in对……感兴趣be involved in包括……中，被卷入be involved with涉及be kind enough to (do)承……好意，恳请be known as被称作……，以……著称be known to为……所熟知be late for迟到be likely to (do)可能要，像是要be mad about迷恋be made from由……制成(化学变化)第四十七组be made of由……制成(物理变化)be made up of由……组成be mixed up混杂，混在一起be obliged to (do)被迫(做某事)be obliged to...for...因……而感激be well off生活富裕be pleased to (do)乐于be pleased with对……感到满意be popular with得人心的，受……欢迎的be possessed of具有，拥有be prepared for做……打算；对……做好准备be present at出席be proud of以……自豪，因……感到满意be provided with装备有be ready to (do)装备好(做)；乐意(做)be ready for为……准备好第四十八组be regarded as被认为是，被当做是be rich in富于be rid of除去，摆脱get rid of摆脱，除掉be satisfied with对……满意，满足于be second to次于be short for是……的缩写(简称)be short of短缺be sick for渴望be sick in bed病在床上be sick of对……感到厌倦be sorry for对……感到抱歉be strict with对……要求严格be suited to适合于be supposed to (do)应该，非……不可be sure of坚信，确信第四十九组be sure to (do)一定，必定be surprised at对……感到惊奇be taken aback吃惊be taken by surprise被突袭be terrified at被……吓一跳be lost in thought沉思be through with结束be tired from因……而疲乏be tired of厌烦；对……厌倦be tired out疲倦极了be torn open被撕开be true of适用于be unconscious of不知道……be unequal to无法胜任……的be unfit for不适合，不胜任be united as one团结一致第五十组be used as被……用作be used to习惯于get used to习惯于be useful to对……有用be well up in精通，熟悉be wild with joy欣喜be willing to (do)乐意……be worried about为……而担心be worse off处境较坏，情况恶化be worth (doing)值得(做)be wrong with有点毛病，有些不舒服第五十一组above all 首先，毕竟after all 终于，毕竟；虽然这样at all 完全，根本all but 几乎，差一点all over 遍及，到处in all 总共，总计not at all 一点也不all out 全力以赴，竭尽全力leave alone 听其自然，更不用说along with 与……一起one after another 一个接一个one another 互相anything but 除……以外任何事(物)，根本不as...as 像……一样as for 至于，就……方面说as if 好像，仿佛第五十二组as though 好像，仿佛as to 至于，关于as well 也，又as well as (除……之外)也，既……又not as/so...as 不如……那样back and forth 往返，来来往往地back of 在……后部，在……背部because of 由于，因为had better 最好还是，应该both...and 既……又……，两个都but for 除……以外，倘没有，除非each other 互相either...or 或……或，不是……就是；无论……还是or else 否则，要不然even if/though 即使，虽然even then 即使那样，连，都第五十三组except for 除……之外as/so far as 远至，到……程度by far ……得多，最far from 远非，远离so far 迄今为止first of all 首先，第一if only 要是……就好了in itself 本身at last 最终，终于at least 至少，最低程度no less than 决不少于，不亚(次)于a little 一点；一些，少许little by little 逐渐地quite a little 相当多，不少as/so long as 只要，如果第五十四组no longer 不再，已不a great/good many of 许多，大量many a 许多的more and more 越来越more or less 或多或少no more than 不过，仅仅；和……一样不at (the) most 最多，至少，不超过make the most of 充分利用neither...nor 既不……也不every now and then 有时，时时，偶尔just now 刚才，一会儿以前now and then 时而，不时now that 既然，由于off and on 断断续续，不时地and so on 等等第五十五组all at once 突然；同时，一起at once 立刻，马上once (and) for all 一劳永逸，限此一次once more 再一次，又一次by oneself 独自地，单独地every other 每隔一个地other than 不同于over and over (again) 一再，再三all right 好，行all round 周围，处处ever since 从那时起，自那时以来and so on/forth 等等ever so 非常，极其or so 大约，左右so...as to 结果是；如此……以至于第五十六组so that 以便，为的是；结果是so...that 如此……以至于such as 像……那样的；诸如，例如such...that 那样的……以致that is (=i. e.) 就是说，即up to 起来，从事于，忙于；直至what about (对于)……怎么样what if 如果……将会怎样，即使……又有什么要紧whether...or 是……还是，不管……还是go wrong 发生故障，出毛病and yet 可是，然而as yet 到目前(那时)为止abide by 坚持；遵守accustom to 使习惯adapt to (使)适应，适合；改编第五十七组adhere to 粘附，胶着；坚持apologize ( ise) to,for 道歉，认错cling to 粘住；依附；坚持collide with 抵触compensate for 补偿，赔偿comply with 照做，遵照，应允conceive of 设想，构思；以为conform to 遵守，依照，符合，顺应consult with 商量，商议cooperate with 合作，协作，相配合cope with 竞争，对抗；对付，应付；妥善处理deduce from 演绎，推断derive from 导出，由……来deviate from 背离，偏离dispose of 处理，处置dispose for 布置，安排第五十八组dwell on 凝思；详述hinder from 阻止，妨碍impose on 把……强加给intervene in 干涉，干预；插入originate in/from 起源，发生；首创，创造participate in 参与，参加；分享preside at/over 主持prevail over/against 取胜，占优势；流行，盛行reconcile to/with 使一致reign over 统治；盛行restrain from 抑制，制止sacrifice for/to 牺牲，献出，献祭scrape through 擦过，勉强通过specialize in 专攻，专门研究，专业化第五十九组testify to 说明，证实flare up 突然燃烧起来；突然发怒queue up 排队，排队等待acquaint sb. With 使认识，使了解correspondence with通信congratulations on 祝贺dependence on 依靠；依赖；信赖dissatisfaction with/at 不满，不平exposure to 受到longing for 渴望objection to 反对，异议preference for to 偏爱，喜爱；优惠；优先选择proficiency in 熟练，精通requirement for 需要，需要的东西，要求thirst for 渴望，热望by comparison 比较起来第六十组in sequence 依次，逐一at stake 在危险中，利害攸关in accordance with 与……一致on behalf of 代表……，为了……accustomed to 习惯于on the sly 偷偷地，冷不防地in excess of 超过to and fro 来来回回on schedule 按预定时间on sight 一见就……，立即第六十一组hear of 听到，听说put into use 使用，应用put into effect 生效put into practice 落实get out of control 失控be satisfied with 满足be satisfied with 满意hardly...when 刚……就……come to a conclusion 得出结论avoid doing sth. 避免干某事decline invitation 辞谢邀请agree on/upon 取得一致意见may (might) as well 还是……好argue about 争论rule out 排斥take (make) a stand for 捍卫第六十二组take (make) a stand against 反对bring about 发生，引起come about 发生，出现come after 跟随in support of 支持be different from 与……不同lie up 躺着休息ask for 要价without question 毫无疑问out of the question 绝不可能beside the point 离题refresh one’s memory 使人记起bring to mind 使人想起in time 及时compile dictionary 编字典present sb. with sth. 送给某人某礼物第六十三组indifferent to 不在乎go on strike 罢工against one’s will 违心地at will 随意in one’s will 在……遗嘱中of one’s free will 出于自愿above all 最重要的first of all 首先with ease 容易，不费力at ease 不拘束prepare for 准备get to 开始；到达fall off 下降fall away 背离televise live 实况转播at the moment 此刻第六十四组by the moment 到……时have intention of 有意，打算no intention of 无意，不打算have not the least idea of 不知道have no desire for 对……没有欲望have desire to do sth. 想做某事have sth. in stock 有现货be on sale 出售be in demand 需要be particular about 讲究the key to…… 的答案(线索、办法) carry through 完成carry about 随身携带pass through 通过，经过pass by 从……旁边经过第六十五组pass over 不注意，忽视pass for 被认为(当做)get out 使……出去now that 既然，由于be of little value 没什么价值all the way 从远道，从头至尾cure sb. Of 治好某人……at one’s wits end 不知所措pull back 撤退pull round 掉头，转向；康复pull along 沿……拉die away (渐渐)消失die off 死去，凋谢drop down 落下something of 在某种程度(意义)上do sth. for a living 靠做某事谋生第六十六组make a name of oneself 出名，扬名glimpse of 瞥见，一瞥glance at 瞥见，一瞥be on good terms with sb. 与某人友好put sb. Through 为某人接通电话entitle sb. (to do) sth. 给予某人(干)某事的权利beyond one’s power 超出某人的能力take charge of 负责take interest in 对……发生兴趣take a chance 冒一下险ahead of schedule 提前part with 放弃，离开turn away 转变方向；拒绝turn back 翻过来be answerable for 应对……负责lay up 搁置；贮存第六十七组clean up 打扫；清除hundreds of 数以百计的be lacking in 缺乏break into tears (cheers) 突然哭(欢呼)起来in proportion to 按……的比例in connection with 与……相连in correspondence with 与……联系(通信) be advantageous to 对……有利be beneficial to 对……有益in no way 决不put out 扑灭in debt to sb. 欠某人的债be it that 即使assure sb. of sth. 使某人对某事放心entrust sb. with sth. 委托某人某事第六十八组put (set)right 使恢复正常，纠正错误on the way 在途中off the way 远离正道keep on with 坚持make an attempt 试图in the mood for sth. 对某事有心境escape doing sth. 躲避干某事make up for 弥补come up with 提出set a limit to 限制within the limit of 在……范围内call at 访问call on 号召go blank (头脑)变成空白go dim (大脑)混沌go faint 晕过去第六十九组break away from 从……脱离be subjected to 遭受be attached to 附属于in no time 立即by all means 务必not on any account 决不take pains to do sth. 费尽苦心做某事a multitude of 大量(接复数名词) give rise to 导致give reason to 对……进行解释第七十组give suspicion to 对……怀疑make provision for 为……作准备be involved in 卷入，陷入be assigned to 被分配给……be bored to death 烦死了at fault 出差错step into 插入，干涉run into 陷入adapt for 调整(以适应目标或需要) a close (narrow) shave 侥幸的脱险〖KY031学员踏网无痕排版yxy.love@〗。

2011考研英语常考熟词僻义单词(新东方内部资料)

常考熟词僻义单词本部分共84个单词academic [7AkE5demik] a.①学校的，学院的；②学术的；n.学者，大学教师【真题例句】If the preoccupation of schools with academic (a.①) work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values.[1995年阅读4] 【例句精译】如果学校对学业的强调减少一些，也许就有更多的时间教孩子更重要的价值观念。

【真题例句】Mr. McWhorter‟s academic (a.②) speciality is language history and change, and he sees the gradual disappearance of “whom”, for example, to be natural and no more regrettable than the loss of the case-endings of Old English.[2005年阅读4] 【例句精译】麦克沃特先生的学术专长在于语言史和语言变化，举例来说，他认为“whom”一词的逐渐消失是很自然的，并不比旧式英语中词格的消失更让人惋惜。

【真题例句】Leonard Schlesinger, a Harvard academic (n.) and former chief executive of Au Bong Pain, a rapidly growing chain of bakery cafes, says that much “reengineering”has been crude.[1998年阅读2] 【例句精译】哈佛学者伦纳德·施莱辛格是一家迅速扩张的美味面包店的前总裁，他说，许多“企业重组”都不成熟。

2011考研英语-长沙新东方范超老师写作笔记

sketch（手绘图） photo（照片）
cartoon drawing
portrayal（肖像）
②解决问题：
address /deal with the problem → reverse the disturbing trend dispose of （扭转令人不安的趋势） vulgar （五阿哥）庸俗的 vulnerable ③ 好 beneficial positive bring about far-reaching influence （带来深远影响） favorable adverse AQ（抗逆境能力）IQ、EQ ④ 坏 negative unfavorable
大学生部落-大学生第一门户社区（）
大学生部落-大学生第一门户社区（）
我绕来绕去也找不到教室→我怎么也找不到教室你对我很重要→you are my water !!!! 6、语言变化原则：同一意义尽量使用不同方法表达，如象征含义：symbolic meaning ；subtle 等。 ※考研写作七宗罪： ① 图
appreciated, and advocated internationally. In other words ,onenation’s distinctive culture can become ARAA or AAA 押韵 ④影响独一无二的
international through world-wild economic and culture exchange. Since the trend of globalization seems ⑤总结（since）
inspiration
aspiration
perspiration

2011年考研英语完型重要单词整理

2011年考研英语完型重要单词整理这篇文章主要讨论大笑和人身体健康的关系，颠覆我们平常的观念。

以下是本文中出现的20个高频重点单词，就让我们一起来学习吧！1.11 physical ['fɪzɪk(ə)l]adj. 身体的;物理的;实质的【词根记忆】：phys(身体)+ ical(形容词后缀)→身体的【短语搭配】：physical examination 体格检查physical health 身体健康【真题例句】：Despite some claims to the contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. 尽管有人反对，但是笑可能真的和人的身体健康关系不大。

2. 8 consumption[kən'sʌm(p)ʃ(ə)n]n. 消耗;消费【词根记忆】：con(全部)+sum(拿)+ion(名词后缀)→全部拿光→消费【短语搭配】：food consumption食品消费;摄食量【真题例句】：Laughter does produce short-term changes in the function of the heart and its blood vessels, decreasing heart rate and oxygen consumption. 笑确实能对人的心脏功能和血管产生短期的变化，例如降低心率和氧气摄入量。

3. 4 strain [streɪn]n. 拉紧;负担;扭伤;血缘v. 拉紧;滥用;滤去【短语搭配】：at full strain 竭尽全力，全力以赴put (或place)(a)strain on/upon 使处于紧张状态【真题例句】：Instead of straining muscles to build them, as exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the opposite. 运动可以拉伸肌肉，达到健体的目的，笑很显然实现的是相反的效果。

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1 新东方考研英语笔记新东方考研英语笔记,阅读笔记首次暴光!!听力词汇：①复习词汇（找出旧课本，熟识老单词）②记常用词汇记单词的方法：（1）重复（七遍或七遍以上）（2）应用，使用具体方法：同义、反义、对比联想记忆法乱序法词根词缀法结合阅读或背诵卡片一词多义语法：（1）句子结构和固定搭配（2）动词形式（3）代词还元听力的基本技巧：读、猜、听、写、查Part A的基本解题思路：1．扫描纵轴2．判断缺失信息3．注意回答4．拼读规律5．检查答案的格式（要与例句一致）要做到：1．扩充词汇：记忆词的搭配2．纠音（可以读新概念3、4）3．听写（介绍《Listen to this》）4．听一边不停，把名词、动词和数词记录下来不该做：1．不要泛听2．不要听英语新闻3．不要听太难的英语4．不要超过2个小时，不要少于半个小时5．不要看原文练听力6．不要边听边翻译Part B的基本解题思路：1．扫描题干，找出中心词，注意空格前后2．判断缺失信息以及询问信息种类3．用核心词的同义、反义以及题干的基本结构定位4．简写形式5．检查语法、拼写、单复数6．第二遍查漏补缺解题武器：1．否定词（定位词）2．数词3．专有名词4．比较级、最高级5．副词6．转折词7．介词Part C 的基本解题思路：1．扫描题干，划出核心词2．磁带开始后，综合嫂面选项3．所听及所得，顺序原则，最近答案原则4．检查，常识原则，诚实原则，同义相斥原则听力十四种题型1．段落主旨2．信息前置3．同义相斥4．否定词否定信息的辨析5．信息修正6．主旨题7．并列信息8．推断9．褒义词、贬义词10．去掉两个错误选项11．不要用自己的思路作题12．动词信息13．题干提供信息14．部分和整体读题时间1．Part A之前57~60s的时间去读part C的第二、三篇2．当听到“part A”时开始看part A3．读完part A第一遍后和读完第二遍后均看part B，当听到“part B”时看part B 4．当part B读完后读part C的第一篇Part A的错误可能性1．信息修正（两遍）2．速度陷阱3．计算（more ,less ,大小多少的计算，before ,age ,later ,度量衡的运算）4．没有拼写的地方（常用词，殖民地的地名，耳熟能详的---大写）Part B注意：1．听+写2．画核心词，两个（大体+具体）3．四个句型转换：疑问转换成陈述直接转换成间接主系表之间的转换主动与被动之间的转换4．回到时不要答非所问，填充时要符合要求Part C注意：1．边听边做2．以题干为主选项为辅3．翻页综合观察4．推测题的标志（1）表可能：could/would have ,may ,might（2）表希望：expect ,hope ,longing#2写作写作十大困境及对策一、滔滔不绝之“意识流”------提纲式最高原则1．自由分段2．语言杂乱二、无话可说真难受1．热点话题2．永恒话题，宏观话题（1）关于成功，对成功的理解（2）关于诚信（3）关于团结（4）关于住房（5）关于交通（6）关于环境（7）关于卫生（8）关于就业（9）关于教育（10）关于网络思维突破：<1 >例证突破法<2 >三项原因思维法<3 >报刊文章法<4 >高谈阔论法三、真情流露没必要（语言第一位，结构第二位，内容第三位）四、思维跳跃，断层多五、英语表达憋得慌六、盲目动笔凑字数七、低级错误常出现1．主谓一致2．时态3．冠词的使用4．名词单复数5．搭配6．拼写错误7．中文思维八、处于与被动危害大九、语言单调美变化十、龙飞凤舞笔记乱写作的题型1．提纲式作文2．图表式作文3．图画式作文4．情景式作文5．简单应用文翻译一、英、汉语两者之间的区别英语汉语1 形合意合2 聚集流散3 繁复简短4 被动主动5 抽象具体二、考研英语的题型1题材以议论文为主，内容和意思比较抽象2句子长、结构复杂、从句多3句子的意思表达与汉语的语序不对等三、考试内容1．专有名词、习惯用法、多意词2．翻译的一般性技巧（1）选词用字（2）词序调整（3）词性转换（4）增词（5）省词（6）正话翻说（7）主从句（8）拆句3．具体句型的翻译：定语、并列结构、倒装结构、被动语态四、评分标准五、问题与学习策略、准确理解、准确表达1．加强基本功的积累（1）单词，除基本词义外还要记住第一、二层的词义（2）语法2．多做练习六、考研翻译的基础知识1．翻译的标准（1）准确（2）顺通2．翻译的方法（1）直译（2）意译以直译为主，意译为辅3．翻译的过程四步翻译法：（1）通读全文，准确理解（2）分析成分，划分意群（3）选择词意，贴切表达（4）世道调整，书写译文具体实施：1．通读全句（1）在准确理解的基础上，按照英语语法结构拆分句子。

拆分的原则是语法沙个相对独立，意义上相对完整的语法单位。

（2）选找出句子的主干结构（主、谓、宾）在找出各种修饰成分，搞清修饰成份之间的关系。

2．此的处理：在句子关系中理解词语的特定含义，尤其是多义词。

（以上两个步骤是要达到英语理解准确而全面的目的）3．根据汉语的习惯重新组合句子，以保证汉语表达的通顺和标准，也就是说在句子中所有语法拆份清楚，所有的词语都没有疑义之后才开始汉语翻译，以符合汉语次序习惯为准则，对各个语法单位重新组合。

4．汉语句子的检查：通读全句，一方面要检查各个句子中的药店、难点，另一方面要注意句子的翻译的完整性，不可漏译、少译。

最后，句子要在语境中和文章内容一致，防止整个句子翻译错误、意义扭曲。

同位语从句的翻译：1．解释法2．可放在先行词前面，类似定于从句的方法定语从句：1．如果定语从句结构比较简单，信息负载量不大，并且与先行词的关系比较密切（限定性的定语从句）翻译时，把定语从句放在他所修饰的先行词前面，用“……的”这样的结构来表达。

常见的翻译技巧：增词法2．如果定语从句结构比较繁杂，信息负载量比较大，与先行词的关系不太密切，翻译是我们可以法定语从句放在所修饰的先行词的后面。

这样我们通常要重复先行词或代词代替先行词，有时需要加连词。

定语：（1）分词做定语（2）不定式做定语,一般来说，把定语翻译到定语中心词之前，但是因为分词和不定式有明显的动词特征，所以如果定语与中心词有明显的使动关系时，可以将定语翻译成中心词加谓语的结构。

常见的翻译技巧：词性调整，词性转换。

（3）介词短语做定语（4）形容词短语做定语，向前翻译比较结构：1．Less , more2．As……as , not as……as3．Rather than ,some than并列结构：并列结构是指两个或两个以上的并列成份有明显的连词标记，或标点符号连接，最常见的标记词是and还有其他固定结构or ,but ,both……and ,nether……nor ,not……but ,as well as ,not only……but also……,翻译时，比一定都翻译成合，可以根据意思来灵活翻译，但应该明显的表现并列结构，用比较一致的汉语词句来翻译。

状语、状语结构：一般来说，应语状语、状语从句照顺序来翻译即可，但状语和状语从句在汉语中位置都比较灵活，有时可根据汉语习惯把原因、时间和条件状语从句提前，放在主句之前翻译，状语则翻译在主语之后，动词之前，时间在前，地点在后。

倒装结构：翻译的要点在于在做好句子结构的分析，恢复其正常句子的顺序之后再进行翻译。

插入结构：1放在前面（语句子联系不紧密）2按从句的方式翻译被动结构：被动变主动1．英语中被动句使用极为广泛，尤其是科普类议论文，为了强调客观上的事实，不带主观感情，翻译是一般翻译成主动句，如果主语、宾语的主动关系明显，则采用主宾颠倒的方式把英语主动句的宾语作为汉语被动句的主语，有时被动句缺主语，则可以补上泛指的主语。

2．有时主宾关系不明显，也可以按照英语顺序翻译，一般不用被字结构。

但有时可以采用如“由……来，为……所”等被字结构，仍译成汉语的被字结构。

形式主语可以固定翻译，一般翻译到整句话前面。

#3完型填空一、出题特点及测试要点：（一）特点：1．首段首句不出题2．做题特点：通过已知信息点寻求未知答案3．体裁上的特点：议论文和说明文为主，多为议论文4．结构特点：总分结构5．完美性（二）测试要点1．阅读能力（1）主题一定在首段首句（2）上下句和上下段之间的逻辑关系（3）分清楚句子的内部结构2．英语知识运用的能力（1）语法20%~30%（2）固定搭配 10%（3）词义辨析 60%~70%形近词，同义词，搭配，专有名词二、发展趋势1．题量2．题材3．难度增加三、解题步骤：1．整体通读：2~3分钟2．按段精度：15分钟3．通读检查四、逻辑关系1．并列关系2．递进关系3．让步关系4．转折关系5．因果关系空为：动词：1．若动词为谓语可以看主语，注意主谓的搭配一致性（1）看主语是人还是物（2）看逻辑上的搭配是否合适2．看宾语（1）看宾语是抽象名词还是具体名词还是抽象具体名词（2）从动词的及物或不及物上做题3．从动词后的介词来确定动词,根据介词宾语来判断，介词宾语是人或是物4．考虑句子中其它能对这个动词形成限制性修饰的成分形容词：1．当形容词做表语时，主要看主语，注意主表搭配的一致性。

主表关系：对等或修饰关系。

2．当形容词修饰名词时，要注意修饰关系的一致性（1）当注意它的同指性（2）褒贬色彩的一致性3．当形容词修饰它后面的名词式。

该名词不仅受到所选该形容词的修饰也受到其他成分（其它形容词或定语从句）的修饰，这时答案要从其它形容词和定语从句中找。

4．当形容词在一个总体句时，答案可以通过总结分句得出。

5．当有副词对形容词进行修饰时，副词就是信息点6．通过关联手段名词：1．名词做主语时，看主谓搭配或主系搭配的一致性2．名词做宾语时，要看动宾搭配的一致性3．介词前后出现的名词可以通过介词来判断4．通过已有名词判断所学选名词，依据：褒贬色彩的一致性和语体色彩的一致性。

5．当所选的名词处在先行词的位置上，要看后面从句类型，定语从句，同位语从句。

副词：1．意义和程度上的一致性（绝对性和相对性）2．褒贬意义的一致性，色彩和句子的一致性（1）句子对应成份分析法，上下句、上下段（2）时间线索解题法（3）无关词排除法①主客观一致原则②褒贬色彩一致原则③语题色彩一致原则④及物动词和不及物动词一致原则⑤主谓搭配一致原则⑥动宾搭配一致原则⑦主系表搭配一致原则⑧绝对性相对性原则⑨与主题和态度倾向性一致原则⑩与近三年真题一致原则（4）如果总数句中考虑到实词，通过分析分句来做题（5）用同线关系做题（有相倾向关系的词做题）#4阅读：1．来源：西方的报刊杂志2．文体：议论文，说明文，记叙文，应用文3．历年考题：多为社会科学，自然科学，人文科学4．大纲key word:三步走：1．通读全文，抓住中心（1）文章叙述的主要内容是什么？（2）文章中有无题到核心概念？（3）作者大致态度是什么？2．仔细审题返回原文（1）通常是由题干出发，使用寻找关键词定位原则。