2020年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷

2020年上海市奉贤区高考英语一模试卷II. Grammar and VocabularyDirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.1.Ancient Myth﹣﹣﹣A Hit With Modern AudiencesThis summer’s surprise hit at movie theaters across China was the re﹣telling of the ancient myth of Nezha． The animated film （1）________（take） in over four billion yuan at the box office and become one of the country’s most successful films ever． It proved that China could produce animated films comparable to （2）________produced in Hollywood and Japan．The film， directed by Yang Yu， was a massive undertaking（任务） from start to finish． He spent two years writing the script（剧本） and three more years making a film which required the efforts of 1，600 animators． But for Yang， it was a way to prove to himself that he （3）________change his fate and inspire others to change their fate as well．“I used to suffer from a lot of prejudice after changing my career，” said Yang，“Since then I have thought about making an animated film to encourage young people to persist in their dreams．”（4）________（convey）the message that “your f ate is in your own hands，” Yang made some changes to the original myth． Nezha was born a devil（恶魔），（5）________（fate） to cause mischief（恶作剧）， but he decides to overcome his fate and to save the people of his hometown from being destroyed by Ao Bing， the third son of the Dragon King．（6）________the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，in Yang’s film， all of the characters are treated with empathy， and even the “bad” people are also victims of their fate，（7）________， actually， have the potential to change and become good．Over the years，I have come across a few students labeled as “devils．” Although some misbehaved simply （8）________they were not mature enough， others were trouble﹣making and uncooperative when they were in a bad mood． Those students need to know they were not doomed to be bad． As they grew up， they would have the power to change their circumstances．If you have seen Nezha， you know （9）________a terrific， entertaining film it is． Butan important lesson is also conveyed in the film （10）________we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly， so as not to allow those negative judgments to control our fate．【答案】has taken,those,could,To convey,fated,Despite,who,because,what,that【考点】说明文语法填空【解析】今年夏天，中国各大电影院出人意料地热映了一部讲述古老神话的电影《哪吒》．这部动画片票房已超过40亿元，成为中国有史以来最成功的电影之一．本文讲述了电影的制作过程以及导演想要表达的思想．【解答】（1）has taken．考查谓语动词．根据副词ever以及并列的谓语动词 become ，可知谓语动词用现在完成时态，和主语The animated film 一致，谓语动词has taken．（2）those．考查代词．代指animated films ，用those．（3）could．考查情态动词．本句表示“这是一种向自己证明自己能够改变命运、激励他人改变命运的方式”，所以和上半句时态一致，表示“能够”，用情态动词could．（4）To convey．考查动词不定式．做Yang made some changes to the original myth的目的状语，用动词不定式To convey．（5）fated．考查非谓语动词．做 Nezha was born a devil（恶魔）的状语，和主语Nezha构成被动关系，表示“被赋予…的命运”，用过去分词 fated．（6）Despite．考查介词．本句表示" 尽管古老的神话对好人和坏人的区别非常清楚，但在杨的电影中，所有的角色都受到了同情“，所以表示”尽管"，修饰短语the ancient myth being very clear about the differences between the good and the bad guys，用介词Despite．（7）who．考查定语从句．代指先行词the “bad” people ，做非限制性定语从句 have the potential to change and become good的主语，用关系词who．（8）because．考查连词．本句表示“虽然有些人因为不够成熟而行为不端，还有些人在心情不好的时候却会制造麻烦和不合作．”，所以引导原因状语从句they were not mature enough，用连词because．（9）what．考查感叹句．修饰以名词a terrific， entertaining film开头的感叹句it is，用what．（10）that．考查同位语从句．说明名词 an important lesson 的内容，引导结构和含义完整的同位语从句we should not judge ourselves or others too harshly，用that．Section BDirection： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Flood﹣hit Venice’s shrinking population faces mounting problemsVenetians（威尼斯人）are fed up with what they see as inadequate responses to the city’s mounting problems： record﹣breaking flooding， environmental and safety threats from cruise ship traffic and the burden on services from over﹣tourism．They feel largely left to their own devices， with ever﹣fewer Venetians living in the historic part of the city to（1）_______its interests and keep it from becoming mainly a tourist land．The historic flooding this week﹣﹣﹣marked by three floods over 1.5 meters （nearly 5 feet） and the highest in 53 years at 1.87 meters（6 feet， 1 inch）﹣﹣﹣has（2）_______calls to create an administration that recognizes the uniqueness of Venice， forboth its concentration of treasures and its（3）_______vulnerability．Flood damage has been（4）_______estimated at hundreds of millions of Euros （dollars），but the true range will only become clear with time． The frustration goes far beyond the failure to complete and（5）_______78 underwater barriers that were designed to prevent just the kind of damage that Venice has（6）_______this week． With the system not yet completed or even（7）_______tested after 16 years of work and 5 billion Euros （＄5.5 billion） invested， many are suspicious it will even work．At the public level， proposals for better administering the city including（8）_______some level of autonomy（自制） to Venice， already enjoyed by some Italianregions like Trentino﹣Alto﹣Adige with its German﹣speaking minority， or offering tax（9）_______to encourage Venice’s repopulation．Just 53，000 people live in the historic part of the city that tourists know as Venice， down by a third from a generation ago and dropping by about 1，000 people a year． That means fewer people watching the neighborhood， monitoring for public maintenance（10）_______or neighbors in need． Many leave because of the increased expense or the daily difficulties in living in a city of canals， which can make even a simple errand a hard journey．【答案】B,E,A,K,J,G,C,H,F,I【考点】选词填空【解析】本文讲述遭受洪水袭击的威尼斯人口减少，面临越来越多的问题．【解答】（1） B，考查句意，根据句意“他们觉得基本上只能靠自己的手段，越来越少的威尼斯人居住在这个城市的历史地段，以维护它的利益，并防止它成为一个主要的旅游地”，可知要填的词为“defend 保卫”．（2） E，考查句意，根据句意" 最高水位为53年来的（3）87米（6英尺，1英寸），强烈要求建立一个政府，“，可知要填的词为” sharpened 加强"．（4） A，考查句意，根据句意“），强烈要求建立一个政府，承认威尼斯的独特性，因为它的珍宝集中，脆弱性不断增加”，可知要填的词为“increasing 增加的”．（5） K，考查句意，根据句意" 洪水造成的损失粗略估计为数亿欧元，但真正的范围只会随着时间的推移而变得清晰“，可知要填的词为” roughly粗略地"．（6） J，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏“，可知要填的词为” activate激活"．（7） G，考查句意，根据句意" 挫败感远远超过了未能完成并激活78个水下屏障，这些屏障旨在防止威尼斯本周遭受的那种破坏“，可知要填的词为” endured 忍受"．（8）C，考查句意，根据句意“由于该系统经过16年的工作和50亿欧元（55亿美元）的投资，该系统还没有完成甚至部分测试，许多人怀疑它甚至还能工作”，可知要填的词为“partially 部分地”．（9） H，考查句意，根据句意" 在公共层面，改善城市管理的提议，包括授予威尼斯一定程度的自治权“，可知要填的词为” granting授予"．（10） F，考查句意，根据句意“或者提供税收减免来鼓励威尼斯的人口重新增长”，可知要填的词为“breaks 暂停”．（11） I，考查句意，根据句意" 这意味着看护邻居、监控公共维修问题或有需要的邻居的人会减少“，可知要填的词为”issues问题 "．III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Ecology is a complicated thing． Given the facts that elephant damage often kills treesand bush fires often kill trees, it would be（1）_______to assume that a combination ofthe two would make things worse． Contrary to this assumption, （2）_______, as the recently﹣published research by Benjamin Wigley shows, if a tree has already been damaged, fire can（3）_______help to make things better．One common way in which elephants harm trees is by stripping（剥） them of their bark （树皮）． Dr Wigley, who did indeed start from the obvious（4）_______, set off to findout how much worse bush fires would make the effects of this bark stripping． To serve this purpose, he set up a study in the Kruger National Park． Since 1954, the Kruger has beenthe site of experiments in which plots of land have been burned（5）_______, to understand the effects of fire on plain ecology． In these experiments, Dr Wigley looked at trees in three different zones, in one of which, the trees were burned every year; in the second, they were burned every other year, while the third zone, by contrast, was actively （6）_______fire． To keep things consistent, he looked at the fate of the same tree species, the marula（马鲁拉树）, in all three zones． He picked marulas because they are particular（7）_______of elephant activity． Their fruit are delicious, and prized by elephants and people alike． But elephants also seem to enjoy eating their bark． In July 2016 he and his colleagues identified 20 marulas in every zone and used special tools to（8）_______from each of them a circular section of bark 5 cm in diameter． Having imposedthis damage, they（9）_______the wounds over the course of the following two years, to see what would happen． To their（10）_______, they discovered that the wounds oftrees in fire zones recovered far better than those of trees that had seen no fires atall． Wounded trees in the annual burn zone re﹣grew 98% of their lost（11）_______during the two years of the study． Those living in the biennial（两年一次的）burn zone re﹣grew 92% of it． But those in the zone where fires were（12）_______re﹣grew only 72%．The researchers also found something else whe n they were measuring the trees’ wounds: ants． Ten of the 20 trees in the fire﹣prevention zone developed ant colonies in their wounds． The ants in question were a species that is known to damage trees and is supposed to（13）_______tissue healing． By contrast, only five trees in the biennial burn zone and three in the annual zone developed ants’ nests in their wounds． Itlooks, therefore, as if bush fires are treating trees’ wounds by killing ants that might（14）_______colonize and damage them． Though such fires are surely harmful to healthy trees, it seems, in an example of two negatives making a positive, as if they are actually （15）_______to sick ones．（1）A.difficultB.reasonableC.necessaryD.awful（2）A.howeverB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.somehow（3）A.uniquelyB.barelyC.actuallyD.merely（4）A.phenomenonB.evidenceC.imaginationD.assumption（5）A.equallyB.regularlyC.severelyD.purposely（6）A.burnt withB.protected fromC.covered byD.exposed to（7）A.participantsB.partnersC.victimsD.friends（8）A.markB.removeC.hitD.measure（9）A.regulatedB.checkedC.healedD.monitored（10）A.disappointmentB.surpriseC.joyD.relief（11）A.vitalityB.heightC.barkD.strength（12）A.controlledB.preventedC.startedD.boosted（13）A.disturbB.promoteC.impactD.quicken（14）A.thereforeB.neverthelessC.thenD.otherwise（15）A.beneficialB.unbelievableC.effectiveD.cruel【答案】BACDBBCBDBCBADA【考点】社会文化【解析】生态是一个复杂的东西．鉴于大象的破坏以及丛林大火经常会导致树木死亡的事实，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．作者结合了最近的研究进行了分析．【解答】（1）B．形容词辨析．根据句意可知，我们有理由推论两者的结合会让事情变得更加糟糕．difficult困难的；reasonable合理的，公道的，有理由的；necessary必要的；awful可怕的．故选B．（2）A．连词辨析．此处意为“然而，本杰明•威格利的一项最新研究表明，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．”however然而，可是；therefore因此；furthermore此外；somehow以某种方法．故选A．（3）C．副词辨析．根据句意，如果一棵树木已经遭到毁坏，火其实可以帮助事情变得更好．uniquely 独特地；barely 仅仅，勉强；actually实际上，其实；merely 仅仅，只不过．故选C．（4）D．名词辨析．phenomenon现象；奇迹；evidence证据，证明；imagination想象力；assumption假设．此处意为：威格利博士确实是从一个明显的假设开始的．故选D．（5）B．副词辨析．根据句意，自1954年起，克鲁格一直都是实验的试点，在这些实验中，研究人员每隔一段时间就焚烧一小块土地．equally同样地；regularly定期地；severely严重地；purposely故意地．故选B．（6）B．词组辨析．此处意为“而第三个区域的植被则被积极地保护起来不受大火灼烧．”burnt with与…一起燃烧；protected from保护……免受；covered by被…覆盖；exposed to暴露于．故选B．（7）C．名词辨析．他选择马鲁拉树是因为它们是大象活动的特殊受害者．participants参与者；partners伙伴；victims受害者，牺牲者；friends朋友．故选C．（8）B．动词辨析．根据句意，2016年7月，他和他的同事在每个区域内确认了20棵马鲁拉树并用锤子和土壤去心器从每棵树上取下直径5厘米的圆形树皮．mark标志；remove移动，迁移；hit打击；measure测量．故选B．（9）D．动词辨析．此处意为：在造成这种破坏之后，他们在接下来的两年里对伤口进行了监测，看看会发生什么．regulated调节，规定；checked检查；核实；healed治愈，痊愈；monitored监控，监测．故选D．（10）B．名词辨析．根据句意可知，让他们惊讶的是，他们发现火灾区树木的伤口恢复得比那些没经历过火灾的树木要快．disappointment失望；surprise惊奇，诧异；joy欢乐，快乐；relief安慰；故选B．（11）C．名词辨析．根据句意可知，在两年的研究中，年度火灾区中的受伤树木98%的树皮都重新长了出来．vitality活力，生气；height高度；bark树皮；strength力量．故选C．（12）B．动词辨析．根据句意，那些两年一次火灾区中的树木的树皮重生了92%．但防火区的树木仅生长出了72%．controlled控制，约束；prevented阻止，避免；started 出发；boosted促进；增加；故选B．（13）A．动词辨析．此处意为：这些蚂蚁是一种已知的会损害树木的物种，据推测会损害组织愈合．disturb打扰；妨碍；promote促进；提升；impact对…产生影响；quicken加快．故选A．（14）D．连词辨析．根据句意可知，因此，似乎丛林大火是在通过杀死可能感染树木的蚂蚁来烧灼树木的伤口．therefore因此；nevertheless然而，不过；then然后；otherwise否则；另外；故选D．（15）A．形容词辨析．此处意为：但在这个负负得正的例子中，似乎它们实际上对生病的树木是有益的．beneficial有益的，有利的；unbelievable难以置信的；effective有效的，起作用的；cruel残酷的，残忍的；故选A．Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.There was something in the elderly woman’s behavior that caught my eye． Although slow and unsure of step, the woman moved with deliberation, and there was no hesitationin her gestures． She was as good as anyone else, her movements suggested． And she________．The elderly woman had walked into the store along with a younger woman who I guessed was her daughter． The daughter was displaying a serious case of impatience, rolling her eyes, huffing and sighing, checking her watch every few seconds． If she had possessed a belt, her mother would have been fastened to it as a means of dragging her along to keep step with the rush of other shoppers．The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf． After the slightest hesitation, I walked over and asked if I could help her find something． The woman smiled up at me and showed me a title scrawled（潦草地写）on a crumpled piece of paper． The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies, about quality．Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman, I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it． Looking back, I think I wanted to enjoy her company for a moment． Something about her deliberate movements reminded me of my own mother, who’d passed away the previous Christmas．As we walked along the back of the store, I narrated its floor plan: old televisionshows, action movies, cartoons, science fiction． The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．We found the movie, and I complimented her on her choice． She smiled and told me it was one she’d enjoyed when she was her son’s age and that she hoped he would enjoy it as much as she had． Maybe, she said with a hint of eagerness, he could enjoy it with his own young children． Then, reluctantly, I had to return the elderly woman to her keeper, who was still tapping her foot at the front of the store．I accompanied the older woman to the queue at the cash register and then stepped back and lingered near the younger woman．When the older woman’s turn in line came, she paid in cash, counting out the dollars and coins with the same sureness she’d displayed earlier …（1）What does “she had a job to do” （Para． 1）mean according to the context？________A. She had a regular job in the store．B. She wanted to ask for help．C. She wanted to buy a DVD. She was thinking of what to buy．．（2）What does the title of the DVD reveal according to the shop assistant？________A. The elderly woman had some knowledge about movies．B. The elderly woman liked movies for young children．C. The elderly woman preferred movies her son liked．D. The elderly woman liked both old and new movies．．（3）While looking for the DVD with the old woman， the shop assistant was________．A. hesitant B. casualC. cautiousD. considerate．（4）What is the main purpose of this passage？________A. To describe what a movie nut is likeB. To remind readers to spending more time accompanying familyC. To stress the importance of company and understanding．D. To explore the key aspects of current parental﹣child relationship．【答案】CADC【考点】社会文化类阅读议论文阅读【解析】本文介绍作者在商店做售货员的时候，遇到一个老太太和女儿一起买DVD，老人的女儿不耐烦，作者耐心地陪伴老人选择DVD，老人很开心．【解答】（1）C．句意理解题．根据文章第三段的句子 The older woman detached from the younger one and began to glance over the DVDs on the nearest shelf．可知，指的是她想买一张DVD．故选C．（2）A．细节理解题．根据文章第三段的The title was unusual and a bit unfamiliar． Clearly a person looking for it knew a little about movies， about quality．可知，据店员说，DVD的标题显示这位老太太对电影有些了解．故选A．（3）D．细节理解题．根据文章第四段的句子Rather than rushing off to locate the DVD for the woman， I asked her to walk with me so I could show her where she could find it．可知，在和老太太一起找DVD时，店员考虑周到．故选D．（4）C．主旨大意题，根据文章第五段的句子The woman seemed glad of the unrushed company and casual conversation．可知，本文的主要目的是强调陪伴与理解的重要性．故选C．As unpleasant emotions go, anxiety is the roughest．It’s a vague, pit﹣of﹣the﹣stomach fear that sneaks up to you ﹣﹣ that unease you get when your boss says that she needs to talk to you right away, when the phone rings at 4: 00 a．m．, or when yourde ntist looks into your mouth and says “Hmm” for the third time．Lingering anxiety can keep you up at night, make you irritable, undermine your ability to concentrate, and ruin your appetite． And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣﹣ adrenaline pumping, heart racing, palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute to high blood pressure and heart disease．How to prevent anxiety then?Meditate．Maybe you’re just high﹣strung． If so, meditation（冥想） is worth a try． It cultivates a calmness that eases anxious feelings and offers a sense of control． A study at the University of Massachusetts found that volunteers who took an 8﹣week meditation course were considerably less anxious afterward． People who are high﹣strung find that they are dramatically calmer with 20 minutes of meditation in the morning and another 20 minutes after dinner．Jog, walk, swim, or cycle．If you can’t make time for meditation, be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation, particularly if it’s something repetitive like running or swimming laps．Treatment?Remember to breathe．When you’re anxious, you tend to hold your breath or breathe too shallowly． That makes you feel more anxious． Breathing slowly and deeply can have a calming effect．To make sure that you’re breathing correctly, place your hand on your diaphragm（横膈膜）, just below your rib cage（胸腔）． Feel it rise with each inhalation （吸气） and fall with each exhalation．Let’s say you are anxious about your competence on the job．Ask yourself “What, in particular, am I afraid that I’ll mess up?” Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines．Or maybe you’re worried that you’re blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded? Have you had several near misses with deadlines? Are your suggestions routinely rejected? If not, the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem, work on a solution: Pace yourself to better meet deadlines, or join a public speaking class．（1）Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly caused by anxiety？________A. Lower in concentration．B. No appetite．C. Heart racing．D. High blood pressure．．（2）According to the passage， what can be done to avoid anxiety？________A. Exercising regularly．B. Keeping breath steady．C. Breathing with the help of hands．D. Adjusting the pace of life．．（3）What is the last paragraph about？________A. Anxiety at work and its solutions．B. People’s anxiety about their capabilities．C. The reason for someone’s incompetence．D. The function of public speaking class．【答案】DAA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文是一篇健康环保类阅读，文章主要介绍了有关焦虑的缓解方法．【解答】（1） D．细节理解题．根据第二段" And the constant state of readiness generated by anxiety﹣﹣adrenaline pumping， heart racing， palms sweating﹣﹣may contribute tohigh blood pressure and heart disease．而由焦虑产生的持续的准备状态﹣﹣肾上腺素激增、心跳加速、手心出汗﹣﹣可能会导致高血压和心脏病"．可知高血压不是由焦虑直接引起的．故选D．（2） A 细节理解题．根据" Jog，walk， swim， or cycle．If you can’t make time for meditation， be sure to make time for regular exercise． Exercise can have the same calming effect as meditation，particularly if it’s something repetitive like running or swimming laps．慢跑、散步、游泳或骑自行车．如果你不能腾出时间冥想，一定要腾出时间经常锻炼．锻炼可以和冥想有同样的镇静效果，特别是如果它是重复性的，如跑步或游泳圈．"可知锻炼能够避免压力．故选A．（3） A 段落大意题．阅读最后一段“Let’s say you are anxious about your competence on the job．Ask yourself ”What， in particular，am I afraid that I’ll mess up？" Maybe you’re afraid that you get further behind and miss your deadlines．Or maybe you’re worried that you’re blowing it whenever you present your ideas in meetings． Are your worries founded？Have you had several near misses with deadlines？ Are your suggestions routinely rejected？If not， the anxiety is needless． If there is a real problem， work on a solution： Pace yourself to better meet deadlines， or join a public speaking class．比如说，你对自己的工作能力感到焦虑．问问自己：“什么，特别是，我担心我会陷入困境？”也许你担心你会落后，错过你的最后期限．或者你担心你在会议上提出你的想法时，你会发疯．你的担心是否成立了？你有过吗？最后几次错过的最后期限是什么？你的建议经常被拒绝吗？如果没有，焦虑是不必要的．如果有一个真正的问题，就要找到一个解决办法：调整自己的进度以更好地完成最后期限，或者加入一个公开演讲课．"可知本段主要讲述了工作中的焦虑及其解决办法．故选A．Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone．One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”“In this particular context, and from that time period, I think it’s a first,” team member Hannes Schroeder told The Washington Post．“To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is exciting for descendant（后裔）communities…Through this technology,they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．”The pipe stem was found at the Belvoir plantation in Crownsville, Maryland, where enslaved people lived until 1864 and where a likely slave cemetery was recentlyfound． DNA taken from the pipe linked back to a woman either directly from or descended from the Mende people, who lived in west Africa, in an area now part of Sierra．Julie Schablitsky, the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration, told The Post the discovery, based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe, was a “mind﹣blower”． She also said records show the existence of a slave trade route Sierra Leone to Annapolis, plied（定期往来） by British and American ships．“As soon as people stepped on those slave ships in Africa, ” she said,“whether they were from Benin or whether they were from Sierra Leone, wherever they were from, that identity waslost． Their humanity is stripped from． Who they are as a people has gone．”The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors． Speaking to The Post, Nancy Daniels, a genealogist from Laurel, Maryland, who thinks she is a descendant of enslaved families from Belvoir but was not linked to the research on the pipe, called the discovery “overwhelming．” “I’m sitting here about ready to cry,” she said．“I’m sorry．I’m so happy …Thank God for the DNA．”This year, events and ceremonies are being held to mark the 400th anniversary of the arrival of the first enslaved people in America, at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619． Slavery was effectively abandoned in the US on 1 January 1863, with the issue by Abraham Lincoln of the Emancipation Proclamation． It formally ended in December 1865, after the civil war, with the approval of the 13th amendment（修正案）．（1）What does the phrase “a mind﹣blower” in paragraphs 1 and 4 refer to？________ A.A surprise B.A confusionC.An excitementD.A fascination．（2）According to Hannes Schroeder， the pipe stem was of great significancebecause________．A.it was the first direct evidence that slaves living in Maryland were originally from Africa．B.it helped the archaeologists to draw a portrait of the enslaved woman．C.it might contribute to identifying the birthplace of the descendant communities．D.it contained genic clues to the ancestral background of its owner．．（3）What can be inferred from the passage？________A.The owner of the pipe once lived in what is now an area in west Africa．B.The history of slavery in America is an ongoing topic of concern．C.African slaves lost their identities when they arrived at the Belvoir plantation．D.Nancy Daniels， a genealogist was sorry for not being involved in the research．．（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？________A.DNA from an old pipe throws lights on the origins of the enslavedB.A new research reveals the origins of enslaved African womanC.The descendants of enslaved people seek their identitiesD.DNA contributes to the breakthrough of a new research．【答案】CDBA【考点】说明文阅读科教类阅读【解析】本文章主要讲述了考古学家发现了一个时代非常久远的DNA样本，并利用它来对奴隶以及奴隶制进行研究．【解答】（1）C．词义猜测题．根据文章第一、四段，Archaeologists used DNA taken from abroken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地在现代的塞拉利昂．一位研究人员称这项工作为“一个鼓舞人心的人工作”； Julie Schablitsky， the chief archaeologist with the Maryland state highway administration， told The Post the discovery，based on saliva（唾液） absorbed into the clay pipe，was a “mind﹣blower”．马里兰州国家公路管理局的首席考古学家朱莉•沙布利茨基告诉邮报，这项基于被吸进泥管的唾液的发现是一个“让人亢奋的事”．可知，“a mind﹣blower”意为：兴奋、激动，结合选项，故选C．（2）D．细节理解题．根据文章第二段，To be able to get DNA from an object like a pipe stem is quite exciting． Also it is exciting for descendant（后裔）communities…Throughthis technology，they’re able to make a connection not only to the site but potentially back to Africa．能够从一个像管道干这样的物体上获得DNA是非常令人兴奋的．同时，对于后代群体来说也是令人兴奋的…通过这项技术，他们不仅能够与该地点建立联系，而且有可能回到非洲．可知，这个管道干之所以非常重要，是因为它包含了它主人的基因线索相关信息，可以帮助生物学家们进行研究．结合选项，故选D．（3）B．推理判断题．根据文章第五段，The new analysis is part of ongoing research around Belvoir that has given descendants of the people enslaved there new insight into the lives of their ancestors．这项新的分析是围绕贝尔沃正在进行的研究的一部分，该研究让被奴役的人们的后代对他们祖先的生活有了新的了解．可知，人们一直非常热衷于研究美国奴隶制度，对和它相干的信息非常的感兴趣．结合选项，故选B．（4）A．主旨大意题．根据文章第一段，Archaeologists used DNA taken from a broken clay pipe stem found in Maryland to build a picture of an enslaved woman who died around 200 years ago and had origins in modern﹣day Sierra Leone． One researcher called the work “a mind﹣blower．”考古学家利用从马里兰州发现的一个断裂的粘土管柱上提取的DNA，绘制了一张200年前死去的奴隶妇女的照片，她的出生地在现代的塞拉利昂．一位研究人员称这项工作为“一个鼓舞人心的人工作”．可知，本文章主要讲述了考古学家发现了一个时代非常久远的DNA样本，并利用它来对奴隶以及奴隶制进行研究．结合选项，故选A．Section CDirections： After reading the passage below， choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.The price of a piece of historyA fresh lemon can be purchased for less than ＄1． But in 2008，Cowan’s Auctions in Cincinnati sold a lemon blackened with age for ＄2，350．What was so special about this lemon？（1）________ According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon， the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s deathTwo thousand dollars is a lot to pay for produce， even from the estate of a founding father． This sale， however， just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．（2）________Collecting a piece of history， or an object associated with a famous person， is not brand new． Ordinary objects with extraordinary stories have increasingly been coming to auction and achieving high prices， says Thomas Venning，director of Christie’s department of books and manuscripts in London． Prices are being driven up， he says， by collectors in the U．S． and， increasingly， in Asia． The Hawking wheelchair， for example， was purchased by a private museum in China．（3）________ For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove． Photographs of the famous person with the object， as well as documentation （such as letters， diaries or recollections by acquaintances referring to the object） can also help．（4）________ To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting， one can look at recent prices paid for other Picasso paintings of the same period， similar size or style． Finding another recent sale of a lemon planted by George Washington is a different matter．Katie Horstman，head of Cowan’s American History department， says she could find no comparable items for the lemon as she prepared the piece for its auction． Ms． Horstman nevertheless eventually arrived at the estimated value at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， she says，by researching auction records for objects somehow associated with Washington that had appeared on the market．Cowans ended up estimating the value of the lemon at ＄3，000 to ＄4，000， accordingto description on its website． Objects associated with Washington these days，Ms． Horstman says， can sell for anywhere from 1，000 up to tens of thousands of dollars．【答案】C,A,F,E【考点】说明文七选五【解析】本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了历史真正的价值．【解答】1．C．推理判断题．根据后文According to a handwritten note in ink attached to a partly sealed bottle containing the lemon，the fruit was picked in May 1842 by Washington’s “old gardener” some 43 years after the first president’s death据一张用墨水写在装有柠檬的密封瓶上的手写便条，这种水果是华盛顿老园丁在第一任总统去世43年后于1842年5月采摘的，可知这种水果据说是乔治•华盛顿在弗农山种植的．故选C2．A．推理判断题．根据前文 This sale， however， just might be considered a bargain compared with prices paid for other historical collectibles in recent years．这笔买卖，不过，与近年来其他历史收藏品的价格相比，只是被认为是便宜货．可知史蒂芬•霍金的轮椅去年11月在伦敦佳士得拍卖会上卖出296750英镑；故选A．3．F．推理判断题．根据后文For one thing， their history of ownership is both crucial and sometimes difficult to prove．首先，它们的所有权历史既至关重要，有时也难以证明．可知因此，许多物体的独特价值证明了收藏的价值．故选F．4．E．推理判断题．根据后文To evaluate the value of a Picasso painting， one can look。