详细英文摘要
完整英文摘要
完整英文摘要第一篇：完整英文摘要lee's culture is located in the west of Long shan mountain, WeiShui river of the ancient county, is one of the cradles of Chinese ancient civilization, and also the birthplace of The lee.With Dunhuang culture, Tianshui fuxi culture, LaBuLengSi Tibetan Buddhism culture is one of four culture of Gansu province.But at present, the cultural development of West gansu is lagging behind, a lot of development and utilization of resources is difficult to get, it has to do withWest gansu geographical position relatively closed, human resources development has a close relationship.Lee's culture as an important form about culture, also suffered a bottleneck in its development, lee's cultural history and contemporary development not well together, especially in the promotion and development of invested is not enough, lead to lee's culture has been difficult to familiar to the general public.Local economic backward culture is difficult to promote the development process.Fully realize the importance of West gansu lee culture, reasonable and effective development of lee's culture, make its internal value have spread wider, deeper reach to culture to promote economic and cultural development dual goal.Cultural characteristicscountermeasuresThe economicdevelopment第二篇：摘要英文摘要温度是生产过程中常见和重要的物理参数。
英文摘要写作
Basic Parts of a Summary
A statement of the problem简单回顾问 题 A statement of the paper说明文章内容 A statement of the approach to solving the problem and the principal result说明 所做工作及获得的结果 Conclusions结论
A statement of the paper
介绍文章涉及范围 常用词 consist of, contain, cover, include… 常用句型 This article consists of four parts:…
contains includes
… are covered in the scope of the research.
Types of Abstracts
Descriptive（介绍性、陈述性）abstract A descriptive abstract usually tells readers what information the paper contains, outlines the purpose, methods, and the scope of the paper, and introduces the subject. 只简要介绍论文的论题，或概括地表述研究 目的，仅使读者对论文的主要内容有一概括 的了解。一般不介绍方法、结果、结 论的具体内容，不包含任何数据。
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Approach and Result
介绍所做的工作 常用词 analyze, consider, develop, discuss, investigate, construct… 常用句型 The relation between … is discussed
英文文章摘要范文大全
英文文章摘要范文大全English:An English article abstract typically provides a concise summary ofthe main points of the article, aimed at giving readers a quick understanding of the content. It begins with a statement of the main topic or purpose of the article, often in the form of a thesis statement. Following this, the abstract summarizes the key points of the article, including the methodology used, major findings, and conclusions. The tone is usually objective and formal, avoiding unnecessary details or elaborations. Additionally, it may briefly mention the significance or implications of the findings. English article abstracts serve as a roadmap for readers, helping them decide whether the full article is relevant to their interests or research. They are often used in databases and search engines, allowing users to quickly assess the content of an article before deciding to read it in full.中文翻译：英文文章摘要通常提供了对文章主要观点的简明概要，旨在让读者快速了解内容。
摘要英文范文
摘要英文范文Title: The Benefits of Reading。
Reading is an essential activity that provides numerous benefits for individuals of all ages. It not only enhances knowledge and understanding but also improves cognitive abilities, language skills, and mental well-being. In this essay, we will explore the various advantages of readingand why it is important to cultivate a reading habit.First and foremost, reading is an excellent way to acquire knowledge and expand one's understanding of the world. Through books, articles, and other written materials, individuals can gain insights into different cultures, historical events, scientific discoveries, and much more. This accumulation of knowledge not only enriches one's mind but also broadens their perspective on various issues and topics.Furthermore, reading has been proven to enhancecognitive abilities such as critical thinking, problem-solving, and decision-making. When individuals engage in reading, they are required to process information, analyze content, and make connections between ideas. This mental exercise strengthens the brain and improves its capacity to think logically and creatively.In addition to cognitive benefits, reading also plays a crucial role in developing language skills. Whether it is vocabulary expansion, grammar improvement, or writing proficiency, reading exposes individuals to a wide range of linguistic patterns and styles. This exposure enables them to enhance their communication skills and express their thoughts and ideas more effectively.Moreover, reading has a positive impact on mental well-being by reducing stress and promoting relaxation. Many people find solace in reading as it allows them to escape from the pressures of daily life and immerse themselves in a different world. Whether it is fiction, non-fiction, or poetry, reading provides a therapeutic experience that calms the mind and soothes the soul.Another benefit of reading is its ability to improve concentration and focus. In a world filled with distractions, the act of reading requires individuals to concentrate on the material at hand and block out external stimuli. This practice of sustained attention can be transferred to other areas of life, such as work, study,and personal relationships, leading to greater productivity and efficiency.Furthermore, reading fosters empathy and emotional intelligence by exposing individuals to diverse characters, situations, and perspectives. Through the stories and experiences of others, readers can develop a better understanding of human emotions, motivations, and behaviors. This increased empathy can lead to more compassionate and harmonious relationships with others.In conclusion, reading offers a multitude of benefits that contribute to personal growth, intellectual development, and emotional well-being. It is a valuable activity that should be encouraged and cultivated from anearly age. Whether it is for pleasure, education, or self-improvement, the act of reading has the power to enrich and transform the lives of individuals in profound ways. Therefore, it is imperative for everyone to recognize the importance of reading and make it a regular part of their daily routine.。
毕业论文英文摘要(9篇)
毕业论文英文摘要（9篇）First and foremost, I would like to give my sinceregratitude to my distinguished andrespectable supervisor, Prof. Qi Yuanfang, for his all-along supports during not only theresearch process, but the whole post-graduate year. He is the one who gives me inspiration ofthe thesis topic, enlightens me empirical method helps me conduct teaching e某periment, andinstructs me analyzing approaches. I have to say that this thesis is born from his insightfulinstructions and warm encouragement.Secondly, I also own my appreciation to Prof, Gongrong who gives me a lot ofinspiration, insightful advice and instructions.Last but not least, I would like to e某tend my thanks to the students participating in thisresearch for their patient corporation.Secondly, I will also e某press my sincere gratitude toother professor and teacherswho had give me constructive suggestion to my thesis and thanks to them forinstructing me to construct my knowledge in English teaching in the past two and a halfyears.Thirdly, I want to thank all my affectionate classmates and friends. During the twoa half years' study and the writing ofthis thesis, they have given me a lot of support andencouragement in their own ways.At last, I will give the deepest gratitude to my family for their regretless supportand love to me.Thanks to my parents and girlfriend bear, giving unlimited love in life, especially the cubs, and when she did not cherish the love, her love, lost her life and perhaps even too late to regret, for there is no chance, when approaching graduation, deeply regret to say to you: "you love let me grow up and know how to love, and I let you scarred, and you have to flee, if there is any chance, if there is the afterlife, I will put you in the palm of care".Thank you for working life in the prevention center colleagues, Dr. Zhang Dehua, Dr. Liu Xiangning, Dr. Mao Jian, Zhao Honghao, Jia Suping, Li Haibao, Sun Pengpeng, Yang Xiaoyan, Huang Dandan, Wang Ruo某in, Yang Ni, Yu Junsong, because you have a wonderful and fulfilling life.论文题目：On the Title of EST and Aesthetic Effect in Its TranslationKey words: EST; title; translation; artistic effects论文题目：On Advertisement Translation from English to Chinese in Light of Functional EquivalenceIn our daily life, we live with different advertisements, some of which are translated works. These advertisements are aimed at giving the potential customers a lasting impression and persuading them to buy their product. Therefore, in order to e某press the ideas of the original works and realize the goalfor sale, the translators should take account of the cultural elements and social elements in order to achieve functional equivalence.Key words: functional equivalence; advertisement translation; cultural elementsFirst and foremost, I would like to e某press my heartfelt gratitude to mysupervisor, Professor Jia Aiwu. I have benefited tremendously from her criticalthinking and insightful viewpoint. Through his patient instruction,I finally focusedon the object studied in this thesis, and obtained valuable advice on aspects rangingfrom frame work constructing and data collection to elaborated analysis.Secondly, I'm profusely grateful to my respected predecessors and teachers.Moreover, I owe my thanks to my family and friends, who have always supportedme with their generous encouragements and praises.Last but not least, I sincerely thank my fellow classmates. We share joys andan某ieties, which propels us forward together throughout the arduous journey.During the three years of study, Wang Xu, Liu Qianjun, Tan Chengrong, Li Zongquan, Ho, Fan Juan, Kong Fangong, Wang Jian, Ma Minjiang, Wang Xiwen, Huang Youhe, Xu Lili, Mo Jialin, Guo Sanchuan, Li Jianwen, Zhong Zehui, Yang Qifeng, Liu Mengru, Yin Tanwei, Zhang Chun, Liu Ruiheng, Tu Qiliang, Hui, Zhuo Yu, Zhang Chengfeng, Xue Bing, Jiang Shoule Zhang Xiaochao, He Zhuoya, Liang Dongmei, Li Qiang, Liu Hao, Liu Chuanfu, Yu Dongmei, Lai Yurong, Chi Congcong, Cheng Xiaolian, Shi Haiqiang, Wang Shaoguang, and younger brother of care and help, to e某press deep gratitude. Without their help and support, there is no way to finish my Ph. D. Thesis. Friendship between students willlast forever.论文题目：On Cultural Gaps and Untranslatability in Chinese Version of The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe from Perspective of FunctionalismAbstract:This thesis is an attempt to apply functionalism to literary translation and prove its feasibility by analyzing the untranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe causing by cultural gaps. Functionalism is a broad term for various theories that approach translation by focusing on the function or functions of te某ts and translations. And the four importantrepresentatives of functionalism are Katharina Reiss, Hans J. Vermeer, Justa Holz-Mnttri and Christiane Nord. This thesis attempts to apply the core rules of Skopostheorie –？to analyze the untranslatability of the Adventures of Robinson Crusoe which is caused by cultural gaps, in the hope of gaining a better understanding of literary translation from the perspective of functionalism.ABSTRACTKey words: Anna; Jane Eyre; female doctrine。
英文总结摘要范文
Introduction:In recent years, the rapid development of technology has had a profound impact on various aspects of our lives, including education. This summary aims to provide an overview of the ways in which technology has transformed the educational landscape, highlighting both the benefits and challenges it presents.Body:1. Online Learning Platforms:The advent of online learning platforms has revolutionized the way students acquire knowledge. These platforms offer a wide range of courses and resources, allowing students to learn at their own pace and from anywhere in the world. This flexibility has made education more accessible to individuals who may not have had the opportunity to attend traditional institutions.2. Interactive Learning Tools:Technology has introduced various interactive learning tools that enhance the educational experience. These tools, such as educational apps, simulations, and virtual reality, make learning more engaging and immersive. Students can visualize complex concepts and interact with virtual environments, leading to a deeper understanding of the subject matter.3. Collaboration and Communication:Technology has facilitated collaboration and communication among students and educators. Online discussion forums, video conferencing, and social media platforms enable students to connect with peers and share ideas, fostering a sense of community and encouraging teamwork. This has also opened up opportunities for international collaboration, allowing students to gain exposure to diverse perspectives.4. Personalized Learning:One of the most significant benefits of technology in education is its ability to cater to individual learning styles and needs. Adaptive learning platforms and intelligent tutoring systems can analyze astudent's performance and provide personalized recommendations, ensuring that each student receives the appropriate level of support and challenge.5. Accessibility:Technology has made education more accessible to individuals with disabilities. Screen readers, speech-to-text software, and otherassistive technologies enable students with visual, hearing, or mobility impairments to access and participate in the educational process. This has empowered individuals to pursue their educational goals andcontribute to society.6. Challenges:Despite the numerous benefits, technology in education also presents several challenges. The digital divide, which refers to the gap between individuals who have access to technology and those who do not, can create disparities in educational opportunities. Additionally, excessive reliance on technology may lead to reduced face-to-face interaction and a potential decrease in critical thinking skills.Conclusion:In conclusion, technology has had a significant impact on education, transforming the way students learn and interact with their surroundings. The benefits of online learning platforms, interactive tools, personalized learning, and increased accessibility cannot be overstated. However, challenges such as the digital divide and potential negative effects on critical thinking must be addressed to ensure that technology serves as a true enabler of education. As technology continues to evolve, it is crucial for educators, policymakers, and students to work together to harness its potential and overcome its limitations.。
2019年英文摘要的论文范文
英文摘要的论文范文有了英文摘要便方便了国际间的交流，取长补短，共同进步。
下面准备了几篇英文摘要的论文范文，欢迎欣赏!英文摘要的论文范文一Fortheviolationoflegitimaterightsandinterestsofconsumersava rietyofoffenses,howtoprovideforthecorrespondinglegalrespons ibilitiesandhowthelegalliabilitysystemreflectedthespecialpr otectionofconsumersshouldbe"ConsumerProtectionLaw"keysolved alegalissue.Tosolvethislegalproblem,itisnecessarytofurtherestablishareg ulatedmarketoperatingordertoprotectlegitimateinterestsofcon sumersandimprovingthelegalliabilitysystem.Ontheonehandistoestablishalegalsystemtheconceptofprotection ofconsumers;theotherhand,istoimproveconsumerprotectionlegalliabilitysys tem.对于侵犯消费者合法权益的各种违法行为，如何规定相应的法律责任以及在法律责任制度中如何体现对消费者的特别保护，应是《消费者权益保护法》重点解决好的一个法律问题。
要解决好这一法律性问题，就必须进一步建立起规范的市场经营秩序和完善保护消费者合法权益的法律责任制度。
一方面是建立消费者的法律体系保护观念;另一方面是完善消费者权益保护的法律责任制度。
英文摘要的论文范文二Titaniumore,electedfrommagiteorTitanmagite,iswidelyusedasth erawmaterialintheproductionoftitaniumdioxide.Titaniumqualit yanditsyieldconstraintsisoftenthebottleneckinthetitaniumind ustry.Thus,wecannotblindlyconsumealargeamountofcapitaltomaintaino rimproveitsqualityandyield.Thispapermakesanattempttoexplore sandoptimizethedevelopmentofthetitaniumindustry,throughinsi deandoutsideobservationandassociation.Inthispaper,flotation testsareconductedtoparetheoriginalpulptitaniumorewithPolyac rylamideandthatwithoutontheconcentrategradeyieldoftitaniumc oncentrates.Inthisprocess,theconsumptionofdrugs,therecoveryrateof,equip mentutilization,theamountandcostofpolyacrylamide(PAM)areall consideredtodeterminewhetheritisaptimizationprogramtoaddPol yacrylamidetotheoriginalflotationpulpoftitaniumore.Finally,wereachaconclusionthroughrelevantdata.Intheexperime ntalprocess,inprinciple,wedonotchangetheoriginalflotationprocessandtherelevantparam eters.Keywords:Titaniumore;Flotation;Polyacrylamide;quality;yield 英文摘要的论文范文三【ABSTRACT】Withthedeepeningoftheglobalization,newshasbeeanimportantpar tofinformationmunicationbetweendifferentcountries.WhetherEnglishnewstranslationisaccurateornotmaydirectlyaffe ctthequalityofourmunicationwithothercountries.InEnglishnews reportdiscourse,theuseofmetaphorexpressionsbeemoreandmore.DuetoEnglishnewsandotherstylisticdifferences,aswellastheEng lishandChineselanguages,ethnicdifferencesinideologyinthepro cessofcross-culturalmunication,makethetranslationofEnglishn ews,especiallyEnglishnewstranslationofmetaphorputforwardgreatch allengetotranslators.SohowtotranslatethemetaphorintheEnglis hnewsisthemutualconcernproblemfortranslationtheoristsandpra ctitionerstodiscuss,therefore,thispaperattemptstofromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequi valencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglishnews .TheapplicationofmetaphorinEnglishnewsmakeseventsmoredistinc tandvivid,andalsomakeiteasierforEnglishreaderstoprehendandu nderstandthenewscontents.However,duetothedifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,the useofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsincreasesthedifficultyoftranslat ion.ThisarticleattemptsfromtheperspectiveofNida'sfunctionalequivalencetheorytodiscussthetranslationofmetaphorinEnglish news,inordertomakeChinesereadersbetterunderstandthesameresponsea ndsenseofbeautyandmeaningofmetaphorsinEnglishnewsastheorigi nalreaders.metaphorRhetoricisnotsimpleoftranslationintoChineseinEnglis hnewsfromtheliteraltransformation,althoughsomerhetoricorare totallythesameinformandcontent,whilethisisjustafew.ThereareculturaldifferencesinEnglishandChineselanguages,inf luencedbydifferentcultures.People'swayofthinkingandexpressi onhavedifferencesinevitably.Whenthetranslatorshouldfirstlyc onsciouslypondertheintentionoftheauthor,digthedeepmeaninghiddenbehindthemetaphorrhetoricofbackgroun d.Underthefunctionalequivalencetheoryregardthetranslatorast heguidance,conformtothelanguagehabitsofthetargetlanguagerea ders,makeChinesereaderscanbetterunderstandthetranslationofm etaphorinEnglishnews.KEYWORD：Englishnews;metaphor;functionalequivalencetheory;translation【中文摘要】随着全球化的深入，新闻成为不同国家之间交流的重要部分。
英文文章摘要怎么写.doc
英文文章摘要怎么写英文文章摘要怎么写?英文文章摘要范文【1】abstractthe joy luck clubis written by famous chinese american writer amy tan in the end of 1980s. it isabout the experience of four mothers immigrating fromchinaand their four american born daughtersliving in theunited states.this paper mainly discusses the application of mitchells womens estate in the joyluck club. based on the position of women in society and family, writerthoroughly analyzes the oppressions on women.the paper includes threechapters, t heory of “womens estate”, the position of women in the joy luck club and consciousness-raisingreflected in the joy luck club. accordingly, it is reveals that the oppressionsgiven by men on women in families are inevitable, only can women have theability to liberate themselves.keywords: women; families; oppressions; mitchells“womens estate”论文英文标题、摘要等的写法【2】1.英文题名(标题)1) 题名的结构。
10篇英文文献摘要学习
ABSTRACT1:Parent-mediated social communication therapy for young children with autism (PACT): long-term follow-up of a randomised controlled trial.01、针对自闭症幼儿的父母介导的社区沟通疗法（PACT）：随机对照试验的长期随访杂志（ THE LANCET ）发表年份（2016）期刊影响因子（53.254）Background: It is not known whether early intervention can improve long-term autism symptom outcomes. We aimed to follow-up the Preschool Autism Communication Trial (PACT), to investigate whether the PACT intervention had a long-term effect on autism symptoms and continued effects on parent and child social interaction.Methods: PACT was a randomised controlled trial of a parent-mediated social communication intervention for children aged 2–4 years with core autism. Follow-up ascertainment was done at three specialised clinical services centres in the UK (London, Manchester, and Newcastle) at a median of 5.75 years (IQR 5.42 –5.92) from the original trial endpoint. The main blinded outcomes were the comparative severity score (CSS) from the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) 自闭症诊断观察量表 , the Dyadic Communication Assessment Measure (DCMA) of the proportion of child initiatiations when interacting with the parent, and an expressive-receptive language composite. All analyses followed the intention-to-treat principle.Findings: 121 (80%) of the 152 trial participants (59 [77%] of 77 assigned to PACT intervention vs 62 [83%] of 75 assigned to treatment as usual) were traced and consented to be assessed between July, 2013, and September, 2014. Mean age at follow-up was 10.5 years (SD 0.8). Group difference in favour of 赞同 the PACT intervention based on ADOS CSS of log-odds effect size (ES) was 0.64 (95% CI 0 07 to 1 20)· at treatment endpoint and ES 0.70 (95% CI -0 .05 to 1.47) at follow-up, giving an overall reduction in symptom severity over the course of the whole trial and follow-up period (ES 0.55, 95% CI 0.14 to 0.91, p=0.004). Group difference in DCMA child initiations at follow-up showed a Cohen's d ES of 0.29 (95% CI -0.02 to 0.57) and was significant over the course of t he study (ES 0.33, 95% CI 0.11 to 0.57,p=0.004). There were no group differences in the language composite at follow-up (ES0.15, 95% CI -0 .23 to 0.53).Interpretation: The results are the first to show long-term symptom reduction after a randomised controlled trial of early intervention in autism spectrum disorder. They support the clinical value of the PACT intervention and have implications for developmental theory.02：Burden, risk factors, and comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems inKenyan children: a population-based study02、肯尼亚儿童的行为和情绪问题的负担、危险因素以及合并症：一项基于人群的研究杂志（ LANCET PSYCHIATRY ）发表年份（ 2017）期刊影响因子（ 15.233）背景： Three-quarters of the burden of mental health problems 精神卫生问题occurs in low-and-middle-income countries, but few epidemiological studies of these problems in preschool children from sub-Saharan Africa撒哈拉以南have been published. Behavioural and emotional problems often start in early childhood, and this might be particularly important in Africa, where the incidence of perinatal围产期and early risk factors is high. We therefore aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors of behavioural and emotionalproblems in young children in a rural area on the Kenyan coast.方法： We did a population-based epidemiological study to assess the burden of behavioural and emotional problems in preschool children and comorbidities in the Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System 基利菲健康和人口监测系统(KHDSS,a database formed of the population under routine surveillance linked to admissions to Kilifi County Hospital).We used the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) 儿童行为调查表to assess behavioural and emotional problems. We then determined risk factors and medical comorbidities associated with behavioural and emotional problems. The strength of associations between the risk factors and the behavioural and emotional problems was estimated using generalised linear models, with appropriate distribution and link functions.结果： 3539 families were randomly selected from the KHDSS. Of these, 3273 children were assessed with CBCL. The prevalence of total behavioural and emotional problems was 13% (95% CI 12 –14), for externalising problems 外化问题 was 10% (9–11), and for internalising problems was 22% (21–24). The most common CBCL syndrome was somatic problems 躯体问题 (21%, 20–23), whereas the most common DSM-IV-oriented scale 基于精神疾病诊断准则手册（第四版）was anxiety problems (13%, 12–14). Factors associated with total problems included consumption of cassava (risk ratio 5·68, 95% CI 3·22–10·03), perinatal complications (4 34,·3 21·–5·81), seizure disorders (2 90,·2 24·–3·77), and house status(0 11,·0·08–0·14). Seizure disorders 癫痫, burn marks 烧伤, and respiratory problems 呼吸道疾病 were important comorbidities of behavioural and emotional problems.理解：Behavioural and emotional problems are common in preschool children in this Kenyan rural area and are associated with preventable risk factors. Behavioural and emotional problems and associated comorbidities should be identified and addressed in young children.03： Effect of iodine supplementation in pregnant women on child neurodevelopment: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial03、孕妇补碘对儿童神经发育的影响：一项随机、双盲、安慰剂对照试验杂志（ Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology ）发表年份（ 2017）期刊影响因子（ 19.313）Background ： Iodine deficiency during pregnancy might be associated with reduced intelligence quotient (IQ) score in offspring. We assessed the effect of iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women 轻度碘缺乏孕妇 on neurodevelopment of their offspring in areas where schoolchildren were iodine sufficient .Methods： In this randomised, placebo-controlled trial, pregnant women in Bangalore 班加罗尔, India, and Bangkok 曼谷 , Thailand, were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive 200 μg iodine orally once a day or placebo until delivery. Randomisation was done with acomputer-generated sequence and stratified by site. Co-primary outcomes 主要结果were verbal and performance IQ scores on the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence 韦氏学前和小学儿童智力量表Third Edition (WPPSI-III)and the global executive composite score from the Behaviour Rating Inventory of Executive Function-Preschool Version (BRIEF-P) in the children at age 5–6 years. The trial was double-blinded; some unmasking 揭盲 took place at age 2 years for an interim analysis中间分析 , but participants and nearly all investigators remained masked to group assignment until age 5–6 years. Analysis was by intention to treat using mixed-effects models.Findings：Between Nov 18, 2008, and March 12, 2011, 832 women entered the trial at a meangestational age of 10.7 weeks (SD 2. 7); median urinary iodine concentration was 131μ g/L(IQR 81 –213). Mean compliance with supplementation was 87%, assessed by monthly tabletcounts. 313 children (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=154) were analysed for verbaland performance IQ with WPPSI-III and 315 (iodine group, n=159; placebo group, n=156)for overall executive function with BRIEF-P. Mean WPPSI-III scores for verbal IQ were 89.5(SD 9 ·8) in the iodine group and 90. 2 (9 · 8) in the placebo group (difference -0· 7, 95% CI- 2·9 to 1 5;·p=0 77),· and for performance IQ were 97.5 (12 5) in the iodine· group and 99.1(13 · 4) in the placebo group (difference -1· 6, -4 · 5 to 1· 3; p=0-P global·44). The mean BRIEF executive composite score was 90.6 (26 2) in the·iodine group and 91.5 (270) in the ·placebogroup (difference -0·9, -6· 8 to 5· 0; p=0 · 74). The frequency of adverse events did not differ between groups during gestation or at delivery: 24 women in the iodine group and 28 in theplacebo group reported adverse events (iodine group: abortion, n=20; blighted ovum, and n=2;intrauterine death, n=2; placebo group: abortion, n=22; blighted ovum, n=1; intrauterine death,n=2; early neonatal death, n=1; and neonatal death, n=2).Interpretation ：Daily iodine supplementation in mildly iodine-deficient pregnant women hadno effect on child neurodevelopment at age 5–6 years.04： Incidence of and Factors Associated With Myopia and High Myopia in Chinese Children,Based on Refraction Without Cycloplegia.04、基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国儿童近视和高度近视的发生率及相关因素杂志（ JAMA Ophthalmol ）发表年份（ 2018）期刊影响因子（ 6.669）IMPORTANCE: Myopia has reached epidemic levels among children in regions of East andSoutheast Asia. High myopia 高度近视 is associated with myopic macular degeneration 近视性黄斑变性 , glaucoma 青光眼 , and retinal detachment 视网膜脱落 .OBJECTIVE : To determine the incidence of myopia and high myopia based on refractionwithout cycloplegia among children in primary and junior high schools in China.DESIGN , SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This observational cohort study was completed inGuangzhou, China. It consisted of a cohort from 19 primary schools , who were followedup from 2010 to 2015, and a cohort from 22 junior high schools , who were followed up from2010 to 2012. All schools were randomly chosen at rates proportional to the number ofschools in each of the city's 11 districts 所有学校都是按照与学校数量成比例的随机选择的.Students with or without myopia in grade 1 (primary school) or grade 7 (junior high school)were eligible for inclusion. Data analysis occurred from February 2017 to October 2017.MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Myopia was defined as a spherical equivalentrefraction (SER)等效球镜度数of -0.50 diopters (D) or less, as measured by subjectiverefraction 主觉验光without cycloplegia 睫状肌麻痹 ; high myopia was defined as a SER of-6.0 D or less. Annual incidences were defined as the proportion of participants each yearfound to have myopia or high myopia who did not previously have the condition . Height,weight, axial length (AL) 轴长 , corneal radius of curvature (CRC) 角膜曲率半径 , and AL/CRCratio were examined to assess if these measures were associated with future myopia or highmyopia.RESULTS: A total of 4741 students with or without myopia in either grade 1 for the primaryschool cohort (mean [SD] age 7.2 [0.4] years; 932 of 1975 [47.2%] female) or grade 7 for thejunior high school cohort (mean [SD] age 13.2 [0.5] years; 1254 of 2670 [47.0%] female)were included. Baseline mean (SD) SER was 0.31 (0.86) D among 1975 students in grade 1 vs -1.60 (2.00) D among 2670 students in grade 7. Baseline prevalence of myopia was 12.0% in grade 1 students (n?=?237 of 1969) and 67.4% in grade 7 students (n?=?1795 of 2663).The incidence of myopia was 20% to 30% each year throughout both cohorts. The incidence of high myopia was initially less than 1% in the primary school cohort (grade 1:n?=?2 of 1825; 0.1% [95% CI, 0.0%-0.3%]), but incidence exceeded 2% in the junior high school cohort (in grade 9: n?=?48 of 2044; 2.3% [95% CI, 1.0%-3.7%]).CONCLUSIONS AND RELEV ANCE: The incidence of myopia among Chinese students based on refraction without cycloplegia is among the highest of any cultural or ethnic group.If confirmed with cycloplegic refraction, interventions to prevent myopia onset in Chinese populations should be initiated in primary schools. 基于无睫状肌麻痹屈光度的中国学生近视发生率是所有文化或民族中最高的。
英文摘要万能模板
英文摘要万能模板篇一：英语摘要十大万能模板由于英语摘要是新题型，相对来讲比较难，但是大家摸清基本的套路和方法，就不会无从下笔了，下面的十个模板是从《MBA联考英语写作分册》摘录的，模板很简单，大家把模板背熟，到考试是直接套用就行了，不过最好先找几篇文章练练笔，熟悉一下流程。
英文摘要的基本方法就是：首先，写出中文摘要；其次，把它用简单的英文翻译过来并加以修改。
英文摘要的写作注意事项：1、英文摘要结构严谨，表达简明，语义确切。
尽量使用短句，慎用长句。
2、应采用第三人称表达方式，谓语动词用一般现在时、现在完成时或一般过去时。
进行时态和其他复合时态基本不用。
3、英文摘要的语态既可采用主动，也可采用被动。
英语摘要十大万能模板框架一In the first paragraph of the dissertation, the author highlights that due attention has to be paid to__. Several fundamental factors have contributed to such a tendency. First and foremost, among the most convincing causes identified by people, one should be stressed, that is __. In addition, as far as the author is concerned, __ is of utmost significance to our society. The last but not the least, as isillustrated in the last paragraph of the essay, the writer also takes __into consideration. Given all the above argument, we can draw the conclusion that __ is indeed crucial.在本段的第一段，强调我们必须充分重视＿（中心词）。
论文写作中的英文摘要范例
论文写作中的英文摘要范例AbstractThe abstract is a crucial component of academic writing, providing readers with a concise summary of the research paper. This article aims to demonstrate a sample format for writing an English abstract in academic papers.1. IntroductionIn academic writing, the abstract serves as a brief overview of the research topic, the methodology used, the main findings, and the overall conclusion. It is typically placed at the beginning of the paper, after the title and author information.2. Length and StructureThe length of an abstract can vary depending on the specific guidelines provided by the journal or conference. However, it is generally recommended to keep the abstract within 150 to 300 words. This ensures that the abstract remains concise and informative.3. ContentThe abstract should contain the following elements:- Research Problem: Clearly state the research problem or objective.- Approach/Methodology: Describe the methodology or approach used in the study.- Results: Summarize the main findings and outcomes of the research.- Conclusion: Present the key conclusions or implications of the study.4. Language and Style- Clear and Concise: Use clear and concise language to convey the main points of the research.- Avoid Abbreviations and Jargon: Use full terms instead of abbreviations, unless they are widely recognized.- Past Tense: Write the abstract in the past tense since the research has already been conducted.- Third Person: Write the abstract in the third person, using objective language.5. Example[The following is a fictional example of an abstract for a research paper on climate change.]Title: The Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity in Tropical RainforestsAbstract:This research aims to investigate the impact of climate change on the biodiversity of tropical rainforests. The study utilized a combination of field surveys, satellite imagery analysis, and statistical modeling to assess changes in species diversity, habitat loss, and ecosystem stability. The results indicated a significant decline in species richness, increased habitat fragmentation, and heightened vulnerability of endemic species to climate-related events. These findings have important implications for conservationstrategies and the management of biodiversity hotspots in the face of climate change. By understanding the effects of climate change on tropical rainforests, policymakers can develop more targeted approaches to mitigate its impact and ensure the long-term survival of these vital ecosystems.6. ConclusionIn conclusion, writing an effective English abstract is crucial for an academic paper as it provides readers with a concise overview of the research. Following the recommended format and guidelines can help researchers communicate their findings accurately and succinctly. By adhering to the suggested structure and style, authors can ensure their abstracts are informative and engaging for readers.。
写英文摘要常用句型
1.句型归纳扩展1.1 总述文章的论点及研究内容1）This paper is mainly devoted to an automatic frequency tuning system which is one of the most important parts of the buncher.本文主要研究频率自动调谐系统，这是聚束器最重要的组成部分之一。
2）This study investigates/ discusses/ examines/ reviews/ outlines/ presents/ reports/ surveys/ measures the fitting of a class of generalized proportional hazards models, termed linear transformation models, to interval-censored data.本研究调查（探讨、审查、复查、简述、呈现、报道、观察、测量）了一种广义比例风险模型，线性变换模型和区间截断数据的关系。
3）In this paper we focus on the classification of colour texture images.本文中我们着眼于彩色纹理图像的分类。
4）This paper deals with the history of the use of hydrogen as a combustible or shielding gas in welding. 本文研究焊接中使用的氢气作为易燃保护气体的历史。
5）In this paper，mathematical models for calculation and prediction of melting rate in arc welding witha triple-wire electrode are described.本文描述了计算和预测三丝电极弧焊接融化率的数学模型。
本科毕业论文英文摘要怎么写
本科毕业论文英文摘要怎么写Writing an Abstract for an Undergraduate ThesisAbstracts are concise summaries of research papers or academic articles that provide a brief overview of the study's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. They serve as a standalone text and enable readers to quickly understand the main points of the paper without having to read the entire document. This article aims to guide undergraduate students on how to write an effective abstract for their thesis.1. IntroductionThe abstract section is a vital component of any research paper. It should accurately represent the content of the thesis, enticing readers to continue reading. When crafting an abstract, it is essential to consider its length, organization, and the specific elements to include.2. Content of the AbstractTo ensure a comprehensive and accurate summary, an abstract should typically include the following elements:2.1. Background and Purpose: Briefly explain the context of the research and state the objectives or questions addressed in the study. Highlight the significance of the research topic and its relevance to the field.2.2. Methodology: Describe the research approach, including the study design, data collection methods, and analysis techniques employed. Mention any specific tools, software, or equipment used.2.3. Results: Summarize the main findings of your research. Provide the key quantitative or qualitative results obtained and emphasize their significance. Avoid including excessive details or statistical analyses.2.4. Conclusion: State the main conclusions drawn from the study. Highlight the implications of the findings and their potential impact on the research field or practical applications.3. Structure and FormattingTo ensure clarity and conciseness, follow these guidelines when structuring your abstract:3.1. Length: Typically, undergraduate thesis abstracts range from 150 to 350 words. Check if your university or department has specified any word limit requirements.3.2. Language and Tone: Use clear and straightforward language to convey your research effectively. Avoid jargon, abbreviations, or technical terms that may be unfamiliar to a broad audience. Maintain an objective tone throughout the abstract.3.3. Organization: Arrange the content logically and coherently. Start with an introduction, followed by the methodology, results, and conclusion sections. Consider the specific requirements of your discipline or department.3.4. Grammar and Style: Ensure proper grammar, punctuation, and sentence structure. Use active voice and past tense to describe the research conducted and results obtained.4. Seeking Feedback and RevisionsAfter drafting your abstract, seek feedback from your advisor, professors, or peers. Incorporate any suggested revisions to enhance theclarity, accuracy, and overall quality of your abstract. Pay attention to word choice, grammar, and the appropriateness of the content.5. Checking for Accuracy and ClarityBefore finalizing the abstract, carefully review it to ensure its accuracy and clarity. Verify that the content provided aligns with your thesis, and all necessary details are included. Focus on maintaining a concise yet informative summary.6. ConclusionThe abstract serves as a condensed version of your undergraduate thesis, making it essential to capture the main points effectively. By adhering to the guidelines outlined above, you can write a clear, concise, and accurate abstract that provides readers with a comprehensive overview of your research. Remember, mastering the art of writing an abstract is crucial not only for your undergraduate thesis but also for future research endeavors.。
英文作文开头摘要
英文作文开头摘要英文，As I sat down to write this essay, I couldn't help but think about how important it is to be able to communicate in different languages. Being bilingual has opened up so many opportunities for me, both personally and professionally. 。
I remember a time when I was traveling in China and I was able to navigate my way around the city and have conversations with locals in their native language. It made me feel more connected to the culture and the people, and I was able to learn so much more than if I had only been able to speak English. 。
Being able to speak multiple languages has also helped me in my career. I work for a global company, and being able to communicate with colleagues and clients from different countries has been a huge advantage. It has allowed me to build stronger relationships and has given me a deeper understanding of different perspectives and waysof doing business.中文，当我坐下来写这篇文章的时候，我不禁想到能够用不同的语言交流是多么重要。
英文文章摘要范文大全
英文文章摘要范文大全English Answer:Abstract 1。
This study investigates the impact of social media on mental health in young adults. A survey was conducted among 500 participants aged 18-25, examining their social media usage and psychological well-being. Results indicate a positive correlation between social media use and increased anxiety and depression symptoms. The findings suggest that excessive social media use can negatively affect mental health in this population.Abstract 2。
The efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions for reducing stress in healthcare professionals is explored in this paper. A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 120 healthcare workers, comparing the effectiveness ofmindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) and a control group. Participants in the MBSR group reported significant reductions in stress levels compared to the control group, demonstrating the potential of mindfulness interventions in improving mental health in demanding healthcare settings.Abstract 3。
英文文章摘要范文
英文文章摘要范文An abstract is a concise summary of a research paper, thesis, review, conference proceeding, or any in-depth analysis of a particular subject and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper's purpose. Abstracts highlight the main ideas and core information outlined in a longer piece of writing. They allow readers to survey the contents of a paper and decide whether it is relevant to their own research or interests. A well-crafted abstract can determine whether an audience will want to read the entire work.When writing an abstract, it is important to include the essential elements that will provide the reader with a clear, concise understanding of the paper's content. These key components typically include the paper's purpose, methods, results, and conclusions. The abstract should accurately represent what is discussed in the greater body of the work without including too much extraneous information.The first sentence of an abstract should clearly introduce the topic of the paper and provide some background information. This openingstatement should concisely explain the significance or importance of the research. For example, an abstract for a paper on a new treatment for cancer might begin by stating, "This study examines the efficacy of a newly developed chemotherapy drug in treating late-stage lung cancer."Following the introductory sentence, the abstract should describe the methods or methodology used in the research. This section might cover the types of data collected, the research participants, the procedures followed, and the analytical techniques employed. Using the previous example, the methods section of the abstract could read, "A randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted with 500 participants diagnosed with stage 4 non-small cell lung cancer. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either the new chemotherapy drug or a placebo. Tumor size and progression were measured at regular intervals over the course of a 6-month treatment period."The results section of an abstract is critical, as it informs the reader of the key findings of the research. This part of the abstract should summarize the most important outcomes, trends, and conclusions supported by the data. In the lung cancer study example, the results might be stated as, "The results of the study showed that patients receiving the new chemotherapy drug experienced a 35% reduction in tumor size on average, compared to a 5% reduction in the placebogroup. Progression-free survival was also significantly higher in the treatment group."Finally, the abstract should conclude with a statement about the significance or implications of the research. This closing sentence or two should explain why the findings are important and what they contribute to the existing knowledge on the topic. Using the sample topic again, the concluding sentence of the abstract could read, "These findings suggest that this new chemotherapy drug could be an effective treatment option for patients with late-stage lung cancer who have exhausted other therapeutic avenues."When writing an abstract, it is essential to be as clear and concise as possible. Avoid jargon and overly technical language that may confuse or alienate the reader. The abstract should be self-contained, meaning it can be understood independently without the reader having to refer to the full paper. It is also important to accurately reflect the content and conclusions of the entire work - the abstract should not exaggerate or misrepresent the research.The length of an abstract can vary depending on the publication or assignment guidelines, but they are typically between 150 and 300 words. Some abstracts may be even shorter, ranging from a single paragraph to a maximum of 500 words. Regardless of the specific word count, the abstract should be tightly focused and provide acomprehensive overview of the key elements of the paper.In addition to succinctly summarizing the research, a well-written abstract can also serve other important functions. It allows researchers to quickly determine the relevance of a paper to their own work and decide whether they want to read the full text. Abstracts are also important for indexing and cataloging research, as they help make papers searchable and discoverable in databases and online repositories.Overall, the abstract is a critical component of a research paper or other academic work. It gives readers an at-a-glance understanding of the study's purpose, methods, findings, and significance. By following best practices for abstract writing, authors can ensure that their work is accessible, informative, and appealing to a wide audience of scholars and researchers.。
论文英文摘要范文
英语论文摘要seems like we need to do some copy plus translation work.the differences in manners and customs between Chinese and western cultures.done. run your spell check please. I didnt pay any attention about spelling and the numbers of words while typing. add some words of your major couses.good luck and best wishes.求论文英文摘要Keywords: Awareness of their homes; Customs; Life forms; Value of life求毕业论文英文摘要,请大虾帮忙啊范文1. 碧绿的大海里，鱼儿在自由自在地遨游；蔚蓝的天空下，鸟儿在无拘无束地鸣唱，青翠的草地上，花儿在争先恐后地开放……整个世界，显得那么生机盎然！生命是什么，生命是风的轻盈岁月，生命是雨的淋漓尽致，生命是有着许多合音的交响，生命是有着一颗感恩而快乐的心，生命是能够每日快乐洋溢的幸福。
生命给予了我们无限多的东西，我们唯一能回报生命的只有珍爱生命。
我们要学会珍惜生命，理解生存的意义，善待自己，善待他人。
现代社会中，各种各样不珍惜生命的行为很多，比如犯罪，吸毒等等，许多同学对于毒品的危害认识不足，只是表面上知道毒品不好，但是会有多大危害呢？会产生什么样的后果不是很清楚。
现在许多同学对于生命没有一个完整正确的认识，不知道生命的含义，对于死亡没有基本的恐惧和严肃的态度。
往往因为一点小事，动不动就拿死来威胁，产生轻生的想法，甚至有一些同学真的去做，这种行为给社会和家庭带来了很大的损失，这是极不负责任的行为。
英文摘要英文版
一、Global Consequences of Land UseLand use has generally been considered a local environmental issue, but it is becoming a force of global importance. Worldwide changes to forests, farmlands, waterways, and air are being driven by the need to provide food, fiber, water, and shelter to more than six billion people. Global croplands, pastures, plantations, and urban areas have expanded in recent decades, accompanied by large increases in energy, water, and fertilizer consumption, along with considerable losses of biodiversity. Such changes in land use have enabled humans to appropriate an increasing share of the planet's resources, but they also potentially undermine the capacity of ecosystems to sustain food production, maintain freshwater and forest resources, regulate climate and air quality, and ameliorate infectious diseases. We face the challenge of managing trade-offs between immediate human needs and maintaining the capacity of the biosphere to provide goods and services in the long term.三、A REVIEW OF THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCHESON LAND USE/LAND COVER CHANGELand use and land cover change has aroused increasing attention of scientists worldwide since1990.Recognizing the importance of this change to other global environmental change and sustainable development issues, the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programmed IGBP)and the Human Dimensions of Global Environmental ChangeProgramme （HDP)initiated a joint core project Land Use and Land Cover Change(LUCC)and published a Science/Research Plan for the project. To promote the national LUCC projects, the paper presents a general review on the basic concepts, background, and Progress on the methodologies of international LUCC researches. Land use/land cover is not a new research domain but is given new meanings and research contents in the context of global environmental change. Based on the definition of land cover given by the IGBP/HDP and other international institutions, the author proposes a new translated term of land cover in Chinese that matches the definition closely. This will avoid misunderstanding of the domestic LUCC projects at early stages. Land cover changes refer to conversion and modification of vegetation, changes on biodiversity, soil quality, runoff, erosion, sedimentation and land productivity .International researches on LUCC involve:1)influence of LUCC on systematic global environmental changes like biogeochemical circles and climatic variation ,and cumulative global environmental changes like deforestation ,biodiversity reduction and land degradation;2)response of LUCC to global environmental changes;3)LUCC and sustainable development including the sustainability of different land uses .The fundamental scientific issue of LUCC research is the dynamics of land use and cover changes ,which is extremely significant to the prediction of the global environmentalchange in the next 50 to 100 years .The modeling of causes-use-cover system is challenge because of its inherent complexity .An integrated approach to the modeling is necessary that combines:1)large-scale onsite case study approach to land use dynamics;2)direct observation and measurement of land cover change by using remote sensing images ;and3)regional and global modeling of economic processes related to LUCC.四、The causes of land-use and land-cover change: movingbeyond the mythsCommon understanding of the causes of land-use and land-cover change is dominated by simplifications which, in turn, underlie many environment-development policies. This article tracks some of the major myths on driving forces of land-cover change and proposes alternative pathways of change that are better supported by case study evidence. Cases reviewed support the conclusion that neither population nor poverty alone constitute the sole and major underlying causes of land-cover change worldwide. Rather, peoples’ responses to economic opportunities, as mediated by institutional factors, drive land-cover changes. Opportunities and constraints for new land uses are created by local as well as national markets and policies. Global forces become the main determinants of land-use change, as they amplify or attenuate local factors.五、Land use and land cover in global environmental change:Considerations for studyGlobal land-use change has been dealt with principally by the social sciences & land-cover change by the natural sciences. Their point of intersection is identified as that of the proximate sources of change: ie, those human activities that directly alter the physical environment. A key area for research for social science is that of the underlying human forces of change that drive the behavior captured in the proximate sources. Five classes of candidate-driving forces are identified in the literature: population growth, technological change, economic development, socioeconomic organization, & beliefs/attitudes. A review of initial studies suggests that the importance of all of these forces varies greatly by context. It is argued that empirical investigation of the human driving forces will be best undertaken not at the global level, but through examination of regional situations identified by similar environmental & socioeconomic characteristics. 3 Figures, 2 Photographs. Modified AA六、A study on land use/cover change: the need for a newintegrated approachLand cover changes are not simple processes. There are complex simultaneous patterns of land-cover change, ranging from modifications in land cover to conversions and maintenance. There is a functional complexity within types of land-cover change, and a structuralcomplexity between types of land-cover change, both in terms of spatial arrangements and temporal patterns of change. Land-cover change needs to be measured in its complexity to fully understand it. It is important to differentiate between land cover and land use when measuring patterns of changes. Land-use/land-cover change is a kind of extremely complex phenomenon. For all researchers involving in the study to avoid the unilateralism like blind-person touching elephant, they should search a new synthesis of studies. Therefore, the traditional approach of land use study is not effective and new topics are needed to be further found. A generalized and comprehensive understanding is required for the drivers of land-use change. We need a network of case studies that represents the spatial heterogeneity of the region and a multi-level approach that allows for a linkage between regional and local scale land-cover dynamics. Case study comparison is a major tool to derive generalizations of land-use/land-cover change research. We should develop new methods in mathematical modeling, descriptive models, empirical study, systematic case study and mechanism study. Linking house-hold-level information to remote sensing data is becoming a major tool to increase our understanding of land-use dynamics. The drivers of LUCC are always present but interact differently according to the temporal and spatial dynamics of the situation. A thorough understanding and modeling of these complex interactions is a prerequisite to generate realisticprojections of land-cover change. The more important hypotheses for LUCC are those that frame the integration and synthesis of the scienc e.七、Modeling the environmental impacts of urban land use andland cover change—a study in Merseyside, UKThere is a lack of information on the environmental effects of urban change and the dynamics of green space. Such information is essential for a better understanding of the sustainability of urban development processes, both planned and unplanned. We therefore investigated the changes in land use and land cover of 11 residential areas in Merseyside, UK, using aerial photographs taken in 1975 and 2000. We then modeled how these changes would alter three important environmental parameters: surface temperature, runoff of rainfall, and green space diversity. These changes were then related to the socio-economic status of the areas, as measured by an index of multiple deprivation. The comparisons revealed a loss of green space in all 11 case study sites Overall, the more affluent, low density areas lost more green space, especially of tree cover. A major cause was infill development whereby gardens were built over. However, green space was also lost in already densely built-up, deprived areas due to the reuse of derelict land. As a consequence, the models used in this study predicted negativeWe highlight the complexity of land-use/cover change and propose a framework for a more general understanding of the issue, with emphasis on tropical regions. The review summarizes recent estimates on changes in cropland, agricultural intensification, tropical deforestation, pasture expansion, and urbanization and identifies the still unmeasured land-cover changes. Climate-driven land-cover modifications interact with land-use changes. Land-use change is driven by synergetic factor combinations of resource scarcity leading to an increase in the pressure of production on resources, changing opportunities created by markets, outside policy intervention, loss of adaptive capacity, and changes in social organization and attitudes. The changes in ecosystem goods and services that result from land-use change feed back on the drivers of land-use change. A restricted set of dominant pathways of land-use change is identified. Land-use change can be understood using the concepts of complex adaptive systems and transitions. Integrated, place-based research on land-use/land-cover change requires a combination of the agent-based systems and narrative perspectives of understanding. We argue in this paper that a systematic analysis of local-scale land-use change studies, conducted over a range of timescales, helps to uncover general principles that provide an explanation and prediction of new land-use changes.Land-use changes and policy dimension driving forces in China:Present, trend and futureChina has extremely scarce land resources compared to the world average. There is an urgent need for studies of the current situation and the trends in land-use change and assessment of the performance of land policies in China. Assessment of land-use change has long been hindered by a lack of accurate and reliable data. This paper uses the data obtained from the national land surveys of 1996 and land-use change surveys from 1997 to 2008, to analyze changes in land use and the policy dimension driving forces related to the changes, especially cultivated land, forestry land, grassland, as well as developed land. The aim of this analysis will be to derive the physical, social and economical driving forces of those changes to grasp the trends in land-use change and the effects of land policies and to formulate strategies for the protection and sustainable use of agricultural land. The results indicate that, although theoverall change in land use was not large, cultivated land was significantly reduced and developed land rapidly increased. A great deal of high quality cultivated land was changed to developed land and low quality cultivated land generated from unused land, which has resulted in a serious threat to food supplies in China. Predictions using the methods of linear extrapolation and a BP neural network indicate that it is impossible to keep to a target of 0.12 billion hectares of cultivated land in the future under the mode of economic development used between 1996 and 2008. The results also indicate that the implementation of the laws and regulations about controlling the developed land and preserving cultivated land had significant effects on changes in land use, especially cultivated land and developed land. The results suggest that the changes in land use are closely related to economic fluctuation and the enaction and implementation of these land policies had a little time lag for cultivated land protection. There is a pressing need for China to use its limited land resources more efficiently and effectively by enacting or re-enforcing the laws and regulations on land resources protection and economic development, not only for its own growing population, but also the world. Therefore, we must formulate strategies for the protection and sustainable use of agricultural land。
英文摘要
1.说得委婉些：To put it mildly
2.很机灵，很精明，很有能力:have a lot on the ball
I know Li Ming has a lot on the Ball. But I'm not sure if he likes to work here.
我知道李明很能干,但我怀疑他是否真的愿意到我们这儿来工作.
3.首要的事情：on the top of my list
4.熟悉：familiarize with
familiarize sd with sth
familiarize oneself with sth.
You'll need time to familiarize yourself with our procedures.
你需要时间熟悉我们的程序。
5.手表：wrist watch
6.Don't trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自寻烦恼。
7.trying adj. 令人难于忍受的；难堪的；令人厌烦的
v. 试图( try的现在分词)；试验，尝试；审讯
Learning a foreign language has been a most trying experience for me,but one that I would't trade for anything.
学习外语对我来说是无比艰辛的经历，但它又无比珍贵。
8.glossary n. （书尾的）词汇表，难词汇编。
学术英文摘要范文
学术英文摘要范文Title: A Study on the Impact of Digital Technology on Language Learning Motivation among Secondary School StudentsAbstract:This study examines the influence of digital technology on language learning motivation among secondary school students. In the era of digitalization, the integration of technology into education has become increasingly prevalent, particularly in language learning. Against this backdrop, the present research aims to explore how digital tools and platforms, such as educational apps, online courses, and language learning software, affect students' motivation to learn a foreign language. Background and Significance:With the globalization of economies and the proliferation of digital devices, the demand for proficient language skills has never been higher. Consequently, language learning motivation has emerged as a critical factor influencing learning outcomes. However, little is known about how digital technology, which offers unprecedented access to language learning resources and interactive learning experiences, influences students' motivation.Research Questions:What are the primary digital tools and platforms used by secondary school students for language learning?How do these digital tools and platforms impact students' motivation to learn a foreign language? What are the specific factors within digital technology that contribute to enhanced motivation, and which may hinder it?Methodology:A mixed-methods approach was employed in this study, combining quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. A survey was administered to a sample of 500 secondary school students from various schools in a metropolitan area, collecting information on their language learning habits, digital tool usage, and self-reported motivation levels. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a subset of 20 students to gain deeper insights into their experiences and perceptions of digital technology in language learning.Results:The findings reveal that digital technology plays a significant role in shaping language learning motivation among secondary school students. The majority of respondents reported using educational apps, online courses, and language learning software as their primary digital tools for language learning. These tools were found to positively impact motivation through personalized learning experiences, increased access to learning materials, and interactive feedback mechanisms. However, factors such as excessive screen time, distractions from social media, and technical difficulties were identified as potential hindrances to motivation.Conclusions and Implications:This study underscores the importance of digital technology in enhancing language learning motivation among secondary school students. The findings have practical implications for educators, policymakers, and technology developers, highlighting the need for strategic integration of digital tools and platforms into language learning curricula. Future research should explore more nuanced relationships between digital technology and language learning motivation, including the role of individual differences and contextual factors.Keywords: Digital technology, language learning motivation, secondary school students,educational apps, online courses.。
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unit tons/year hours/year tons/year
amount 5 7,200 65.8 141,000 93 91 2 455 24,719.57 19,196.24
materials materials 4 5 5.1 5.2 equipment 6 7 7.1 fixed number total investment investment of fixed assets person ten-thousand yuan ten-thousand yuan area of factory land sets of equipment plant equipment Auxiliary and utility installed set acre unit set
Figure 5: Scenario 1
Figure 6: Scenario 2
项目简介
洛阳石化抽余混合 C4 综合加工年产 5 万吨聚丙烯项目——简介
PART 3 Plant design
1.reactor
The disproportionation reaction is made up of a cylindrical shell, the first catalyst bed, the second catalyst bed and a heat exchanger.It ensures that the products and reactants in the reactor get a long residence time to react fully, while the mixtures is allowed exchanging heat .On the other hand, through the reaction zone (catalyst bed),the gas pressure drops and energy consumption reduces.
洛阳石化抽余混合 C4 综合加工年产 5 万吨聚丙烯项目——简介
Abstract
This project is the Chinese Petrochemical Corporation's subsidiary, Luoyang Petrochemical Engineering Corporation. The mixed C4 is used for processing and recycling.The factory is located in Jili Park, Luoyang City, Henan ing the raffinate C4 hydrocarbon mixtures, the high value chemical production :isobutylene and polypropylene are produced.We improve the low utilization of C4. At the same time,the vigorous development situation of polypropylene is satisfied . Market programs and financial analysis are appropriate and our factory can be profitable.
项目简介
洛阳石化抽余混合 C4 综合加工年产 5 万吨聚丙烯项目——简介
Figure 8:Plant 3D Layout
PART 4 Control scheme
Following the principle of ‘ advanced technology, economic reasonable, reliable running, convenient operation ’, and according to the process device, flow characteristics of scale of production, product quality, process operation requirements,and reference to domestic and international similar device automation level, we implement the centralized monitoring and control in the main production apparatus,and implement post centralized monitoring and control in auxiliary device. In the setting of the central control room, we use the distributed control system (DCS),emergency shutdown system (ESD) and safety instrument system (SIS) on plant production device and production device matching public engineering monitoring.One of them is shown below. 项目简介
洛阳石化抽余混合 C4 综合加工年产 5 万吨聚丙烯项目——简介
granulation plant,and are cut into polypropylene pellets in the granulator.
Figure 4: polypropylene composite
PART 2 Heat integration
PART 1 The process of craft
1.Overview
Butane, isobutene, 1 - butene, 2 - butene and a small amount of butadiene are the main ingredient of raffinate C4.First butane is extracted ，
Different heat transfer programs can be designed for the same heat exchanger goal.Under the premise of rational design, the minimum number of devices, the minimum heat transfer area, the minimum operating cost is wanted. We determine the final two heat exchanger programs as following:
洛阳石化抽余混合 C4 综合加工年产 5 万吨聚丙烯项目——简介
Figure 9:Control scheme
PART 5
whole plant
Number 1 2 3
Technical and economic indicators of the
Number of index Design scale operating Consumption of raw and auxiliary
the remaining materials are passed into the distillation column reactor ， then isobutylene is extracted as production.The remaining 1 - butene, 2 - butene make a disproportionation reaction into propylene.Propylene generated polypropylene with gas phase method then polypropylene powder is sent into the drying system for drying.Finally they are sent to the granulation plant,and are cut into polypropylene pellets in the granulator.
Figure1 The separation of raffinate C4 项目简介
洛阳石化抽余混合 C4 综合加工年产 5 万吨聚丙烯项目——简介
Figure2 separation of isobutylene � Propylene synthesis workshop The isolated 2-butene was sent into the disproportionation reaction generating ethylene,propylene pentene, and hexene. Ethylene circulatory responses with pentene and hexene into propylene and a small amount of heavier continuous.The heavier is lead to the torch,while propylene is sent into the next Section as an intermediate.
The features and advantages of this craft 2. 2.The
项目简介
洛阳石化抽余混合 C4 综合加工年产 5 万吨聚丙烯项目——简介
Description 3. 3.Description
� separation workshop of raffinate C4 The raffinate C4 and acetonitrile are mixed entering the distillation column achieving the separation of butane, butylene and the heavy components according to the difference of volatility.1-butene conversion into 2 - butene in the isomerization reactor,completing the separation between 2 - butene and isobutylene.Isobutylene was collected as production.