2021年高考英语一轮复习 专题十七 词义猜测

Passage 1(xx湖北,E)体裁:说明文词数:342For most city people,the elevator is an unremarkable machine that inspires none of the enthusiasm or interest that Americans afford trains,jets,and evenbicycles.Dr.Christopher Wilk is a member of a small group of elevator experts who consider this a misunderstanding.Without the elevator,they point out,there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings,and city life as we know it would be impossible.In that sense,they argue,the elevator s role in American history has been no less significant than that of cars.In fact,according to Wilk,the car and the elevator have been locked in a “secret war” for over a century,with cars making it possible for people to spread horizontally(水平地),and elevators pushing them toward life in close groups of towering vertical(垂直的)columns.If we tend to ignore the significance of elevators,it might be because riding in them tends to be such a brief,boring,and even awkward experience—one that can involve unexpectedly meeting people with whom we have nothing in mon,and an unpleasant awareness of the fact that we re hanging from a cable in a long passage.In a new book,Lifted,German journalist and cultural studies professor Andreas Bernard directed all his attention to this experience,studying the origins of实用文档elevator and its relationship to humankind and finding that riding in an elevator has never been a totally fortable experience.“After 150 years,we are still not used to it,”Bernard said.“We still have not exactly learned to cope with the mixture of closeness and displeasure.”That mixture,according to Bernard,sets the elevator ride apart from just about every other situation we find ourselves in as we go about our lives.Today,as the world s urban population explodes,and cities bee morecrowded,taller,and more crowded,America s total number of elevators—900,000 atlast count,according to Elevator World magazine s “xx Vertical Transportation Industry”—are a force that s being more important than ever.And for the people who really,really love them,it seems like high time that we looked seriously at just what kind of force they are.1.What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?A.The enthusiasm for transport vehicles.B.The desire for a remarkable machine.C.The particular interests of experts.D.The general view of elevators.实用文档2.The author s purpose in mentioning cars is .A.to explain people s preference for elevatorsB.to reveal their secret war against elevatorsC.to emphasize the importance of elevatorsD.to contrast their functions with elevators3.According to Prof.Bernard,what has made the elevator ride different from other life experiences?A.Unfortable conditions.B.Little physical space.ck of excitement.D.Vertical direction.4.The author urges readers to consider .A.the relationship between cars and elevatorsB.the role of elevators in city developmentC.the serious future situation of elevatorsD.the exact number of elevator lovers答案实用文档[语篇解读] 本文为说明文。

题材为科普知识类。

文章主要介绍了电梯在城市发展中所起的巨大作用。

1.D2.C3.B4.BPassage 2(xx课标Ⅰ,B)体裁:说明文词数:298Passenger pigeons(旅鸽)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks(群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours.It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point,there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States,making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already bee smaller,a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles(about 515 kilometers)long was seen near Cincinnati.实用文档Sadly,the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing.Where the birds were most abundant,people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousandsmercial hunters attracted them to small clearings withgrain,waited until pigeons had settled to feed,then threw large nets overthem,taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.By the closing decades of the 19th century,the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans need for wood,which scattered(驱散)the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north,where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone,never to be seen again.In 1897,the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons,but by then,no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in PikeCounty,Ohio,in 1900.For a time,a few birds survived under human care.The last of them,known affectionately as Martha,died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1,1914.实用文档1.In the 18th and early 19th centuries,passenger pigeons .A.were the biggest bird in the worldB.lived mainly in the south of AmericaC.did great harm to the natural environmentD.were the largest bird population in the US2.The underlined word “undoing”probably refers to the pigeons .A.escapeB.ruinC.liberationD.evolution3.What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons?A.To seek pleasure.B.To save other birds.C.To make money.D.To protect crops.4.What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan?A.It was ignored by the public.B.It was declared too late.C.It was unfair.D.It was strict.答案实用文档[语篇解读] 本文为说明文,题材为环境与自然类。