Grammar (2)comparative degree -课件ppt
Grammar Topics
•Grammar Topics•English Tests & Quizzes•Online CoursesGrammar TopicsSections & Intro•Tests and Quizzes•Guide to Punctuation•Which is the 'Best' English?Grammar Categories•Adjectives•Adverbs•Determiners•Direct and Indirect Speech•Gerund and Present Participle (ing form)•Nouns•Passive•Possessive•Relative Clauses•The Infinitive•To Get•Verbs and Verb TensesAdjectives•Main Menu•Form - adjectives•Function•Order•comparatives & superlatives•Irregular comparatives & superlatives•The + superlative•comparative + than•as + adjective + as•not as + adjective + as•Comparisons of quantity - menu•Comparisons of quantity - showing difference •Comparisons of quantity - showing no differenceAdverbs•Function•Form - adverb•Comparative form•Manner•Place•Main Menu•Menu•Degree - enough,very,too,extremely,almost etc •Certainty•Viewpoint, commenting•Interrogative - why,where,how,when •Relative adverbs - which,what,whose•TimeDeterminers•Menu - function and class•The definite article•the,a,an•Exceptions to using the definite article •Demonstratives - this,that,these,those etc •Possessives•Menu - quantifiers•Quantifiers 2 - many,much,more,most etc.•Quantifiers 7 - Enough•Quantifiers 4 - Numbers•Distributives - Menu•Distributives - each, every, either, neither •Difference words - other,another•Question words - which,what,whose •Defining words - which,whose•Pre-determiners•The indefinite article•Quantifiers 3 - how,much,many,few,lot etc.•Quantifiers 1 - determiners,a few,few,a little,little •Quantifiers 5 - Some and Any•Quantifiers 6 - something,somebody,someone etc.•Distributives - all, both, halfDirect and Indirect Speech•Introduction•tense changes•changes of time and place reference •Reporting questions•Reporting orders, requests, suggestions •Reporting hopes and intentions•Summary of reporting verbsGerund and Present Participle (ing form) •Introduction•As present participle•Gerunds•Verbs followed by gerund•Gerund or infinitive?•Gerund/infinitive - difference in meaningNouns•Noun Gender•Plurals•Countable & Uncountable •Compound nouns•Use of Capital letters•Nationalities•Menu - nounsPassive•Form -past•Function•Get/have something done, x needs doing •Active/passive equivalentsPossessive•possessiveRelative Clauses•Introduction•Defining relative clauses •prepositions in relative clauses•Non-defining relative clausesThe Infinitive•Form, with or without 'To'•Zero infinitive•negative infinitive•Infinitive after question words •Function•Other forms of infinitive•Verbs followed by infinitive•Verbs followed by noun + infinitive •Verbs + infinitive with/without nounTo Get•get,got,getting•ExamplesVerbs and Verb Tenses•Summary•Simple Present•Present continuous•Present Perfect 1•Present Perfect 2•Present perfect 3•Present perfect 4•Present perfect continous•Simple past•Past continuous•Past perfect•Past perfect continuous•Future forms - Introduction•Future forms - Simple future•Present continuous for future events•Simple present for future events•Future with 'Going to'•Future continuous•Future perfect•Future perfect continuous•Other forms of future•IF Sentences with If,condtional tenses•Zero conditional•Type 1 conditional•If sentences with If + past,would,present condtional•If setences with present continuous conditional•If sentences with perfect conditional,if + past perfect•If sentences with Conditional perfect continuous•If sentences with mixed conditionals•If sentences with if+not,unless,verbs•If sentences with wish,would rather,suppose,what if,if only •Menu / Introduction•All Language Courses•Learn English•Learn Spanish•Learn Italian•Learn Chinese•Learn French•English Online•English Grammar•Online Courses•Free English Test•Free English Lessons。
Part 10 Grammar
●Rules and explanation:
truth/limitation/clarity/simplicity/familiarity/relevance
b. Inductive: rule-discovery – teaching grammar from examples
natural language acquisition + rule-governed creativity
(2) Basic principles for grammar teaching
●The E-Factor: Efficiency = economy, easy, and efficacy Attention Understanding Memory ●The A-factor: Appropriacy Factors to consider when determining appropriacy include: ★the age of the learners ★their level ★the size of the group ★the constitution of the group, e.g. monolingual or multilingual ★what their needs are, e.g. to pass a public examination ★the learners’ interests ★the available materials and resources ★the learner’ previous learning experience and hence present expectations ★any cultural factors that might affect attitudes, e.g. their perception of the role and status of the teacher ★the educational context, e.g. private school or state school, at home or abroad --Thornbury, S. How to teach vocabulary. Longman. 1999. pp.25-27. ●Choosing the ways according to the culture, the teaching context and the Ss’ needs: Traditional: teacher-fronted VS CLT: learner-centredness/discovery learning/group work
《Grammar and usage》 知识清单
《Grammar and usage》知识清单一、词类（Parts of Speech）1、名词（Noun）普通名词（Common Noun）：如“book”（书）、“table”（桌子）。
专有名词（Proper Noun）：如“China”（中国）、“Tom”（汤姆）。
可数名词（Countable Noun）和不可数名词（Uncountable Noun）：可数名词有复数形式，如“apples”；不可数名词没有复数形式，如“water”。
2、动词（Verb）及物动词（Transitive Verb）和不及物动词（Intransitive Verb）：及物动词后需接宾语，如“eat an apple”；不及物动词后不接宾语，如“sleep”。
动词的时态（Tenses）：包括一般现在时（Simple Present Tense）、一般过去时（Simple Past Tense）、一般将来时（Simple Future Tense）、现在进行时（Present Continuous Tense）、过去进行时（Past Continuous Tense）、现在完成时（Present Perfect Tense）、过去完成时（Past Perfect Tense）等。
3、形容词（Adjective）形容词用于描述或修饰名词，如“beautiful girl”（漂亮的女孩）。
形容词的比较级（Comparative Degree）和最高级（Superlative Degree）：如“taller”（更高的）、“the tallest”（最高的）。
4、副词（Adverb）副词用于修饰动词、形容词或其他副词，如“run fast”（跑得快）、“very beautiful”（非常漂亮）。
副词的比较级和最高级：如“more carefully”（更仔细地）、“most carefully”（最仔细地）。
5、代词（Pronoun）人称代词（Personal Pronoun）：如“I”（我）、“you”（你）、“he”（他）等。
Teaching Grammar
The presentation of meaning and use should take place in some contexts. For example, when teaching the modal verb can, you can invent a story like this: A group of students went on an outing. Unfortunately, their car crashed. Most of them were injured. Thus Jane can`t walk. Lucy can`t play tennis, etc. But Tom is lucky. He was not injured. So he can do what he wants as usual.
Example 2: T: A male chauvinist doesn`t help with the washing-up. What else doesn`t he do? S1: He doesn`t approve of women going out to work.
S2: He doesn`t … e. Teacher assistance: The teacher has to give students extra time to reread or think; simply or repeat a text to facilitate comprehension; encourage students to produce the whole message; provide suggestions, hints or prompts… f. Interest: topic; visual aids; open-endedness; information gap; personalization; pleasurable tension; entertainment; play- acting…
Primary+School+English+Comparative+Level
Forms of comparative senses
Forms of the comparative degree: The comparative degree of an adjective is usually constructed by adding "- er" after it. For example, the comparative level of "happiness" is "happiness".
The basic form and usage of comparative level
Basic form
The test form of the comparative level mainly includes listening, reading, writing, and speaking Each part has multiple tasks, which are designed to test students' language ability in different aspects
VS
Usage
The comparative level is used to evaluate students' English language ability, and can also be used as a reference for students to evaluate their own English ability
Grammar语法的定义
GrammarFor the rules of the English language, see English grammar. For the topic in mathematics, logic, and theoretical computer science, see Formal grammar.Not to be confused with Grammer or Krammer.LinguisticsTheoretical linguisticsCognitive linguisticsGenerative linguisticsFunctional theories of grammarQuantitative linguisticsPhonology ·Morphology ·Morphophonology ·Syntax ·Lexis ·Sem antics ·Pragmatics ·Graphemics ·Orthography ·Semiotics Descriptive linguisticsAnthropological linguisticsComparative linguisticsHistorical linguisticsEtymology ·Graphetics ·Phonetics ·SociolinguisticsApplied andexperimental linguisticsComputational linguisticsEvolutionary linguisticsForensic linguisticsInternet linguisticsLanguage acquisitionLanguage assessmentLanguage developmentLanguage educationLinguistic anthropology NeurolinguisticsPsycholinguisticsSecond-language acquisitionRelated articlesHistory of linguisticsLinguistic prescriptionList of linguistsList of unsolved problems in linguisticsPortalv ·t ·eIn linguistics, grammar is the set of structural rules that governs the composition of clauses, phrases, and words in any given natural language. The term refers also to the study of such rules, and this field includes morphology, syntax, and phonology, often complemented by phonetics, semantics, and pragmatics. Linguists do not normally use the term to refer to orthographical rules, although usage books and style guides that call themselves grammars may also refer to spelling and punctuation.[citation needed]Contents [hide]1 Use of the term2 Etymology3 History4 Development of grammars5 Grammar frameworks6 Education7 See also8 Notes and references9 External links[edit] Use of the termThe term grammar is often used bynon-linguists with a very broad meaning. As Jeremy Butterfield puts it: "Grammar is often a generic way of referring to any aspect of English that people object to."[1] However, linguists use it in a much more specific sense. Speakers of a language have in their heads a set of rules[2] for using that language. This is a grammar, and—at least in the case of one's native language—the vast majority of the information in it is acquired not by conscious study or instruction, but by observing other speakers; much of this work is done during infancy. Language learning later in life, of course, may involve a greater degree of explicit instruction.[3]The term "grammar" can also be used to describe the rules that govern the linguistic behaviour of a group of speakers. The term "English grammar", therefore, may have several meanings. It may refer to the whole of English grammar—that is, to the grammars of all the speakers of the language—in which case, the term encompasses a great deal of variation.[4] Alternatively, it may refer only to what is common to the grammars of all, or of the vast majority of English speakers (such as subject–verb–object word order in simple declarative sentences). Or it may refer to the rules ofa particular, relatively well-defined variety of English (such as Standard English)."An English grammar" is a specific description, study or analysis of such rules. A reference book describing the grammar of a language is called a "reference grammar" or simply "a grammar." A fully explicit grammar that exhaustively describes the grammatical constructions of a language is called a descriptive grammar. This kind of linguistic description contrasts with linguistic prescription, an attempt to discourage or suppress some grammatical constructions, while promoting others. For example, preposition stranding occurs widely in Germanic languages and has a long history in English. John Dryden, however, objected to it (without explanation),[5] leading other English speakers to avoid the construction and discourage its use.[6][edit] EtymologyFurther information: GraphemeThe word grammar derives from Greek γραμματικὴτέχνη (grammatikē technē), which means "art of letters", from γράμμα (gramma), "letter", itself from γράφειν (graphein), "to draw, to write".[7][edit] HistoryFurther information: History of linguisticsThe first systematic grammars originated in Iron Age India, with Yaska (6th c. BC), Pāṇini (4th c. BC) and his commentators Pingala (ca. 200 BC), Katyayana, and Patanjali (2nd c. BC). In the West, grammar emerged as a discipline in Hellenism from the 3rd c. BC forward with authors like Rhyanus and Aristarchus of Samothrace, the oldest extant work being the Art of Grammar (ΤέχνηΓραμματική), attributed to Dionysius Thrax (ca. 100 BC). Latin grammar developed by following Greek models from the 1st century BC, due to the work of authors such as Orbilius Pupillus, Remmius Palaemon, Marcus Valerius Probus, Verrius Flaccus, and Aemilius Asper.Tolkāppiyam is the earliest Tamil grammar; it has been dated variously between 1st CE and 10th CE.A grammar of Irish originated in the 7th century with the Auraicept na n-Éces.Arabic grammar emerged with Abu al-Aswad al-Du'ali from the 7th century who in-turn was taught the discipline by Ali ibn Abitalib, the fourth historical caliph of Islam and first Imam for Shi'i Muslims.The first treatises on Hebrew grammar appeared in the High Middle Ages, in the context of Mishnah (exegesis of the Hebrew Bible). The Karaite tradition originated in Abbasid Baghdad. The Diqduq (10th century) is one of the earliest grammatical commentaries on the Hebrew Bible.[8] Ibn Barun in the 12th century compares the Hebrew language with Arabic in the Islamic grammatical tradition.[9]Belonging to the trivium of the seven liberal arts, grammar was taught as a core discipline throughout the Middle Ages, following the influence of authors from Late Antiquity, such as Priscian. Treatment of vernaculars began gradually during the High Middle Ages, with isolated works such as the First Grammatical Treatise, but became influential only in the Renaissance and Baroque periods. In 1486, Antonio de Nebrija published Las introduciones Latinas contrapuesto el romance al Latin, and the first Spanish grammar, Gramática de la lengua castellana, in 1492. During the 16th century Italian Renaissance, the Questione della lingua was the discussion on the status and ideal form of the Italian language, initiated by Dante'sde vulgari eloquentia (Pietro Bembo, Prose della volgar lingua Venice 1525). The first grammar of Slovene language was written in 1584 by Adam Bohorič.Grammars of non-European languages began to be compiled for the purposes of evangelization and Bible translation from the 16th century onward, such as Grammatica o Arte de la Lengua General de los Indios de los Reynos del Perú (1560), and a Quechua grammar by Fray Domingo de Santo Tomás.In 1643 there appeared Ivan Uzhevych's Grammatica sclavonica and, in 1762, the Short Introduction to English Grammar of Robert Lowth was also published. The Grammatisch-Kritisches Wörterbuch der hochdeutschen Mundart, a High German grammar in five volumes by Johann Christoph Adelung, appeared as early as 1774.From the latter part of the 18th century, grammar came to be understood as a subfield of the emerging discipline of modern linguistics. The Serbian grammar by Vuk S tefanović Karadžić arrived in 1814, while the Deutsche Grammatik of the Brothers Grimm was first published in 1818. The Comparative Grammar ofFranz Bopp, the starting point of modern comparative linguistics, came out in 1833.[edit] Development of grammarsMain article: Historical linguisticsGrammars evolve through usage and also due to separations of the human population. With the advent of written representations, formal rules about language usage tend to appear also. Formal grammars are codifications of usage that are developed by repeated documentation over time, and by observation as well. As the rules become established and developed, the prescriptive concept of grammatical correctness can arise. This often creates a discrepancy between contemporary usage and that which has been accepted, over time, as being correct. Linguists tend to view prescriptive grammars as having little justification beyond their authors' aesthetic tastes, although style guides may give useful advice about standard language employment, based on descriptions of usage in contemporary writings of the same language. Linguistic prescriptions also form part of the explanation for variation in speech, particularly variation in the speech of an individual speaker (an explanation, for example, for why some people say, "I didn't donothing"; some say, "I didn't do anything"; and some say one or the other depending on social context).The formal study of grammar is an important part of educationfor children from a young age through advanced learning, though the rules taught in schools are not a "grammar" in the sense most linguists use the term, particularly as they are often prescriptive rather than descriptive.Constructed languages (also called planned languages or conlangs) are more common in the modern day. Many have been designed to aid human communication (for example, naturalistic Interlingua, schematic Esperanto, and the highly logic-compatible artificial language Lojban). Each of these languages has its own grammar.Syntax refers to linguistic structure above the word level (e.g. how sentences are formed)—though without taking into account intonation, which is the domain of phonology. Morphology, by contrast, refers to structure at and below the word level (e.g. how compound words are formed), but above the level of individual sounds, which, like intonation, are in the domain of phonology.[10] No clear line can be drawn, however, between syntax andmorphology. Analytic languages use syntax to convey information that is encoded via inflection in synthetic languages. In other words, word order is not significant and morphology is highly significant in a purely synthetic language, whereas morphology is not significant and syntax is highly significant in an analytic language. Chinese and Afrikaans, for example, are highly analytic, and meaning is therefore very context-dependent. (Both do have some inflections, and have had more in the past; thus, they are becoming even less synthetic and more "purely" analytic over time.) Latin, which is highly synthetic, uses affixes and inflections to convey the same information that Chinese does with syntax. Because Latin words are quite (though not completely) self-contained, an intelligible Latin sentence can be made from elements that are placed in a largely arbitrary order. Latin has a complex affixation and simple syntax, while Chinese has the opposite.[edit] Grammar frameworksMain article: Grammar framework Various "grammar frameworks" have been developed in theoretical linguistics since the mid 20th century, in particular under the influence of the idea of a "universal grammar" in the United States. Of these, the main divisions are:Transformational grammar (TG)Systemic functional grammar (SFG)Principles and Parameters Theory (P&P)Lexical-functional Grammar (LFG)Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar (GPSG)Head-Driven Phrase Structure Grammar (HPSG)Dependency grammars (DG)Role and reference grammar (RRG)[edit] EducationFurther information: orthographyPrescriptive grammar is taught in primary school (elementary school). The term "grammar school" historically refers to a school teaching Latin grammar to future Roman citizens, orators, and, later, Catholic priests. In its earliest form, "grammar school" referred to a school that taught students to read, scan, interpret, and declaim Greek and Latin poets (including Homer, Virgil, Euripides, Ennius, and others). These should not be confused with the related, albeit distinct, modern British grammar schools.A standard language is a particular dialect of a language that is promoted above other dialects in writing, education, and broadly speaking in the public sphere; it contrasts with vernacular dialects, which may be the objects of study in descriptive grammar but whichare rarely taught prescriptively. The standardized "first language" taught in primary education may be subject to political controversy, since it establishes a standard defining nationality or ethnicity.Recently, efforts have begun to update grammar instruction in primary and secondary education. The primary focus has been to prevent the use of outdated prescriptive rules in favor of more accurate descriptive ones and to change perceptions about relative "correctness" of standard forms in comparison to non standard dialects.The pre-eminence of Parisian French has reigned largely unchallenged throughout the history of modern French literature. Standard Italian is not based on the speech of the capital, Rome, but on the speech of Florence because of the influence Florentines had on early Italian literature. Similarly, standard Spanish is not based on the speech of Madrid, but on the one of educated speakers from more northerly areas like Castile and León. In Argentina and Uruguay the Spanish standard is based on the local dialects of Buenos Aires and Montevideo (Rioplatense Spanish). Portuguese has for now two official written standards, respectively BrazilianPortuguese and European Portuguese, but in a short term it will have a unified orthography.[11]The Serbian language is divided in a similar way; Serbia and the Republika Srpska use their own separate standards. The existence of a third standard is a matter of controversy, some consider Montenegrin as a separate language, and some think it's merely another variety of Serbian.Norwegian has two standards, Bokmål and Nynorsk, the choice between which is subject to controversy: Each Norwegian municipality can declare one of the two its official language, or it can remain "language neutral". Nynorsk is endorsed by a minority of 27 percent of the municipalities. The main language used in primary schools normally follows the official language of its municipality, and is decided by referendum within the local school district. Standard German emerged out of the standardized chancellery use of High German in the 16th and 17th centuries. Until about 1800, it was almost entirely a written language, but now it is so widely spoken that most of the former German dialects are nearly extinct.Standard Chinese has official status as the standard spoken form of the Chinese language in the People's Republic of China (PRC), the Republic of China (ROC) and the Republic of Singapore. Pronunciation of Standard Chinese is based on the Beijing dialect of Mandarin Chinese, while grammar and syntax are based on modern vernacular written Chinese. Modern Standard Arabic is directly based on Classical Arabic, the language of the Qur'an. The Hindustani language has two standards, Hindi and Urdu.In the United States, the Society for the Promotion of Good Grammar designated March 4 as National Grammar Day in 2008.[12][edit] See alsoCategory:Grammars of specific languagesAmbiguous grammarGovernment and bindingHarmonic GrammarHigher order grammarGrammemeLinguistic typologyList of linguistsParagrammatismSyntaxUniversal grammarUsage[edit] Notes and references1.^ Jeremy Butterfield, (2008) Damp Squid: The English Language Laid Bare, Oxford University Press, Oxford. 978-0-19-923906. p. 142.2.^ Traditionally, the mental information used to produce and process linguistic utterances is referred to as "rules." However, other frameworks employ different terminology, with theoretical implications. Optimality theory, for example, talks in terms of "constraints", while Construction grammar, Cognitive grammar, and other "usage-based" theories make reference to patterns, constructions, and "schemata"3.^ O'Grady, William; Dobrovolsky, Michael; Katamba, Francis (1996). Contemporary Linguistics: An Introduction. Harlow, Essex: Longman. pp. 4–7; 464–539./books?id=djhsAAAAIAAJ&q=Contempo rary+Linguistics&dq=Contemporary+Linguistics.4.^ Holmes, Janet (2001). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (second ed.). Harlow, Essex: Longman. pp. 73–94./books?id=qjdqxecifHcC&printsec=frontco ver&dq=Introduction+to+Sociolinguistics+Holmes. ; for morediscussion of sets of grammars as populations, see: Croft, William (2000). Explaining Language Change: An Evolutionary Approach. Harlow, Essex: Longman. pp. 13–20./books?id=5_Ka7zLl9HQC&printsec=fron tcover&dq=Explaining+Language+Change+Croft.5.^ Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey K. Pullum, 2002, The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, p. 627f.6.^ Lundin, Leigh (2007-09-23). "The Power of Prepositions". On Writing. Cairo: Criminal Brief. /?p=216.7.^ Harper, Douglas, "Grammar", Online Etymological Dictionary, /index.php?term=grammar, retrieved 8 April 20108.^ G. Khan, J. B. Noah, The Early Karaite Tradition of Hebrew Grammatical Thought (2000)9.^ Pinchas Wechter, Ibn Barūn's Arabic Works on Hebrew Grammar and Lexicography (1964)10.^ Gussenhoven, Carlos; Jacobs, Haike (2005). Understanding Phonology (second ed.). London: Hodder Arnoldd./books?id=gHp_QgAACAAJ&dq=Underst anding+Phonology&cd=1.11.^ [1]12.^ National Grammar DayAmerican Academic Press, The (ed.). William Strunk, Jr., et al. The Classics of Style: The Fundamentals of Language Style From Our American Craftsmen. Cleveland: The American Academic Press, 2006. ISBN 0-9787282-0-3.Rundle, Bede. Grammar in Philosophy. Oxford: Clarendon Press; New York: Oxford University Press, 1979. ISBN 0-19-824612-9.[edit] External links Look up grammar in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.Archibald Henry Sayce (1911). "Grammar". In Chisholm, Hugh. Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.GrammarBank : Grammar rules explanations with examples and exercises onlineThe syntax of natural language: An online introduction using the Trees program -- Beatrice Santorini & Anthony Kroch, University of Pennsylvania, 2007The Grammar Vandal (Funny, informative blog that fixes bad grammar.)The "Blog" of "Unnecessary" Quotes (Another educational, still funny poke at people who incorrectly use quote marks.)。
英语语法术语
英语语法术语语法grammar句法syntax词法morphology 结构structure层次rank句子sentence从句clause词组phrase词类part of speech 单词word实词notional word 虚词structural word 单纯词simple word 派生词derivative复合词compound 词性part of speech名词noun专有名词proper noun普通名词common noun可数名词countable noun不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun具体名词concret noun物质名词material noun集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun介词preposition连词conjunction动词verb主动词main verb及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb不规则动词irregular verb 短语动词phrasal verb限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词exclamation形容词adjective副词adverb 方式副词adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interrogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代词personal pronoun物主代词possessive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun 疑问代词interrogative pronoun 关系代词relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun 物主代词possessive pronoun 名词性物主代词nominal possessive pronoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possessive pronoun冠词article定冠词definite article不定冠词indefinite article数词numeral基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral分数词fractional numeral形式form单数形式singular form复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form 原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause并列句coordinate clause名词从句nominal clause定语从句attributive clause状语从句adverbial clause宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause同位语从句appositive clause时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition 错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition句子sentence简单句simple sentence并列句compound sentence复合句complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence陈述句declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句special question选择疑问句alternative question 附加疑问句tag question反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question 感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence肯定句positive sentence基本句型basic sentence pattern 否定句negative sentence祈使句imperative sentence省略句elliptical sentence感叹句exclamatory sentence句子成分members of sentences 主语subject谓语predicate宾语object双宾语dual object 直接宾语direct object间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object补语complement主补subject complement宾补object complement表语predicative定语attribute同位语appositive状语adverbial句法关系syntactic relationship 并列coordinate从属subordination修饰modification前置修饰pre-modification后置修饰post-modification 限制restriction双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form 格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case性gender阳性masculine 阴性feminine通性common中性neuter人称person第一人称first person第二人称second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense 一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时present perfect tense 将来完成时future perfect tense 现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense语态voice主动语态active voice 被动语态passive voice语气mood陈述语气indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood 虚拟语气subjunctive mood 否定negation否定范围scope of negation 全部否定full negation局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation 语序order自然语序natural order倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion部分倒装partial inversion 直接引语direct speech间接引语indirect speech自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity 强调emphasis重复repetition语音pronunciation语调tone升调rising tone降调falling tone 降升调falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English套语formulistic expression英国英语British English美国英语American English 用法usageTerms of English Language Teaching Methodology感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic英语教学法术语Aachievement test 成绩测试acquisition 习得，语言习得acquisition 语言习得顺序active mastery 积极掌握active vocabulary 积极词汇，主动词汇affective filtering 情感筛选aim,objective 目的，目标analysis of errors 错误分析analytic approach 分析教学法，分析法analytical reading 分析性阅读application to practice 运用于实践applied linguistics 应用语言学approach 教学路子aptitude test 能力倾向测验Army method 陆军法associative learning 联想性学习auditory discrimination 辨音能力auditory feedback 听觉反馈auditory memory 听觉记忆auditory perception 听觉audio-lingual method 听说法audio-visual method 视听法aural-oral approach 听说教学法，听说法aural-oral method 听说法Bbasic knowledge 基本知识basic principle 基本原则basic theory 基本理论basic training 基本训练basic vocabulary 基本词汇behaviourism 行为主义bilingual 双语的bilingual education 双语教育blank filling 填空Cchain drill 链式操练，连锁操练choral repetition 齐声照读，齐声仿读class management 课常管理classroom interaction 课常应对cloze 完形填空coach 辅导cognitive approach 认知法common core 语言的共同核心，语言共核communicative drill 交际性操练communicative exercise 交际练习communicative langunge teaching 交际派语言教学法，交际教学法community language learning 集体语言学习法comparative method 比较法communicative approach 交际法comprehensible input 不难理解的输入comprehensive method 综合法computer-managed instruction 计算机管理教学concord and coordination 默契与配合console 控制台consonant cluster 辅音连缀context 上下文controlled composition 控制性作文course density 课堂密度course design 课程设计cramming method 灌输式cue word 提示词curriculum 课程，教学大纲curriculum development 课程编制，课程设计cultrual objective,aim 教养目的cclical approach 循环教学法，循环法Ddeductive learning 演绎性学习deductive method 演绎法delayed auditory feedback 延缓听觉反馈demonstration 演示demonstration lesson 示范教学describe a picture in writing 看图说话describe a picture orally 描写语言学diagram 图解diagnostic test 诊断性测验dicto-comp 听写作文direct application 直接应用direct comprehension 直接理解direct learning 直接学习direct method 直接教学法Eeducational objective, aim 教育目的EFL 英语作为外语EGP 通用英语ELT 英语教学English as a Foreign Language 英语作为外语English as an InternationalLanguage 英语作为国际语言English environment 英语环境English for Academic Purposes 学术英语English for general prupose 普通英语English for General Purposes 通用英语English for specific purposes 专用英语ESOL English for Speakers of Other Languages 供非英语民族使用的英语English medium school 英语授课学校English teaching;teaching English 英语教学WSD（English as a Second Dialect）英语作为第二方言WSL（English as a Second Language）英语作为第二语言ESL Programme（English as a Second Language Programme）英语（第二语言）教程ESP（English for Special Purposes）专用英语EST（English for Science andTechnology）科技英语evaluation 评语，评价examination 考试examination question 考题experimental method 实验法extensive reading 泛读external speech 外语言语extra-curiculum activity 课外活动extra-curriculum club,group 课外小组Ffacial expression 面部表情feedbace 反馈film projector 电影放映机filmstrip 电影胶片final stage 高级阶段first language 第一语言，母语formative evaluation 自由作文free practice 自由练习frequency of word 词的频率al approach 功能法al syllabus 功能派教学大纲word 功能词Ggeneral linguistics 普通语言学gestalt style 格式塔式（学习），整体式（学习）gesture 手势getting students ready for class 组织教学global learning 整体式学习，囫囵吞枣式学习global question 综合性问题gradation 级进法，分级递升法graded direct method 循序直接法grading 级进法，分级递升法；评分grammar lesson 语法课grammar method 语法法grammar translation method 语法翻译法grammatical analysis 语法分析group reading 集体朗读group training 集体练习guided composition 引导性作文Hheuristic method of teaching 启发式教学法heurstics 启发法；探索法humanistic approach 人本主义教学法Iidealism 唯心主义imitatiom 模仿immersion programme 沉浸式教学imparting knowledge 传授知识incomplete plosive 不完全爆破independent composition 独立作文individualized instruction 个别教学individual training 个别练习inductive learning 归纳性学习inductive method 归纳法inflection,inflexion 词形变化information,processing 信息处理initial beginning stage 初级阶段inner speech 内语言语in-service training 在职培训instructional objective 语言教学目标integrative teaching 综合教学integrated approach 综合教学法，综合法intelligent memory 理解性记忆language training 强化教学intensive training 精读intermediate stage 中级阶段interpretation 头口翻译International Phonetic Alphabet 国际音标Jjuncture 连读，音渡junior high school 初级中学junior school 初级学校junior sceondary school 初级中等学校junior-senior high school 初高中junior technical college(orschool) 初级职业学院（或学校）junior year 大学三年级Kkey words 基本词，关键字kinesics 身势语，身势学kinesthetic memory 动觉记忆knowledge 知识knowledge structure 知识结构Llanguage acquisition 语言习得language acquisition device 语言习得机制language arts 语言技能language competence,or knowledge 语言知识language learning capability 语言学习能力language laboratory;lab 语言实验室language leaning capacity 语言学习能力language pedagogy 语言教育language performance 语言行为language program design 语言课程设计language test 语言测试learning by deduction 演绎性学习learning by induction 归纳性学习learning process 学习过程learning style 学习方式lesson conducting 教课lesson plan 课时计划，教案lesson preparation 备课lesson type 课型linguistics 语言学linguistic competence 语言能力linguistic method 口语领先教学法living language 活的语言long-term memory 长期记忆look-and-say method 看图说话法Mmeaningful drill 有意义的操练neabubgful exercise 有意义的练习meaningful learning 理解性学习means of teaching 教学手段mechanical drill 机械操练mechanical exercise 机械练习mechanical memory 机械记忆mechanical translation 机器翻译medium of instruction 教学媒介语，教学语言memory 记忆，记忆力memory span 记忆幅度memorizing 用记记住method 方法methodology of teaching 教学法methodology of teaching English 英语教学法microteaching 微型教学mim-mem method 模仿—记忆法minimal pair 最小对立体（一种辨音练习）model 模型modeling 示范教学modern equipment 现代化设备modern language 现代语言monitor hypothesis 语言监控说mother tongue 母语motivation 引起动机Nnative language 本族语natural appoach 自然教学法，自然法natural method 自然法needs analysis 需要分析new lesson 新课nine-pile grading 九堆法notional approach 意念法notional-al syllabus 意念-功能派教学大纲notional syllabus 意念大纲、意念派教学大纲Oobservation lesson 观摩教学objective 教学目标optimum age hypothesis 学习最佳年龄说operating principle 操作原则oral approach 口语教学法，口语法oral exercise 口语练习oral method 口授法oral reading 朗读order of acquisition 语言习得顺序organization of teaching materials 教材组织organs of speech 发音器官outside reading 课外阅读overlearing 过量学习Ppaired-associate learning 配对联想学习法pair work 双人作业，双人练习passive vocabulary 消极词汇pattern drill 句型操练pattern practice 句型练习pdeagogical grammar 教学语法pedagogy 教育法peer teaching 同学互教penmanship handwriting 书法perception 知觉performance objective 语言实践目标personality 个性philosophy 哲学phoneme 音素phonetics 语音法phonetic method 按字母音值拼读法phonology 音位学picture 图画phasement test 分班测验plateau of learning 学习高原practical objective 实用目的practice effect 练习效应practice of teaching 教学实践presentation of new materials 提出新材料pre-teaching 预教primary of speech 口语领先principle of communication 交际性原则principle of teaching 教学原则problem solving 习题解答production stage 活用阶段，产出阶段productive exercise 活用练习productive mastery 活用掌握productive vocabulary 活用词汇proficiency 熟练program desing 课程设计psycho-linguistics 心理语言学psychological method 心理法Qqualified teacher 合格教师question band 试题库questionnaire 调查问卷questions 提问Rrapid reading 快速阅读，快读rate of reading 阅读速度readability 易读性read by turns 轮读reading 阅读reading lesson 阅读课reading method 阅读法reading speed 阅读速度reading vocabulary 阅读词汇，阅读词汇量receptive language knowledge 接受性语言知识receptive vocabulary 领会词汇reformed method 改良法regression 回看，重读reinforcement 巩固reinforcement lesson 巩固课repetition drill 复述操练repetition-stage 仿照阶段response 反应retelling 复述retention 记忆teview;tevision 复习review（revise）and check up 复习检查review（revision）lesson 复习课rewriting 改写rhythm 节奏role-play 扮演角色rote learning 强记学习法，死记硬背Sscanning 查阅，扫瞄school practice 教学实习scientific way of thinking 科学的思想方法second language 第二语言segment 音段，切分成分semantics 语义学seminar 课堂讨论sentence completion 完成句子short-term memory 短期记忆sight vocabulary 一见即懂的词汇silent reading 默读silent way 沉默法，静授法simplification 简写simplified reader 简写读本simulation 模拟，模拟性课堂活动simultaneous interpretation 同声翻译situational method 情景法situational language teaching 情景派语言教学法，情景教学法situational method 情景教学法situational syllabus 情景派教学大纲situation reinforcement 情景强化法skimming 略读，济览slide 幻灯片slide projector 幻灯片socialized speech 社会化言语socio-linguistics 社会语言学soft ware 软件speech disorder 言语缺陷speech pathology 言语病理学speech perception 言语知觉speech reading 唇读法speed reading 快速阅读，快读speelling 正字法spiral approach 螺旋式教学法，螺旋法spoken lauguang 口语stage of teaching 教学阶段stick drawing;mathch drawing 简笔画stimulus and response 刺激与反应stress accent 重音，重读structuralism 结构主义（语言学）structural method 结构法student-centered 学生中心student-centered learning 学生为主学习法student teacher 实习教师student teaching 教育实习submersion programme 沉浸式教程substitution 替换substitution table 替换表subvocal reading 默读suggestopaedia 暗示教学法syllabus 教学大纲syllabus design 教学大纲设计syllabus for middle school English 中学英语教学大纲synthetic approach 综合性教学法，综合法synthetical reading 综合性阅读Ttarget language 目的语，译文语言teacher’s book 教师用书teacher’s manual 教师手册teaching experience 教学经验teaching objective,aim 教学目的teaching procedure 教学过程teaching tools;property 教具teaching words in isolation 孤立教单词theory of teaching 教学理论TEFL 英语（外语）教学TESL 英语（第二语言）教学TESOL 对非英语民族教英语time allotment 时间分配total physical response method 整体动作反应法transformation drill 转换操练translation method 翻译法transformational generativegrammar 转化生成语法Uunconscious 潜意识underclassman 低年级学生undergraduate 大学本科生undergraduate course 大学本科课程undergraduate school 大学本科学院undergraduate special 大学特殊课程unified studied 统一课程university high school 大学附属中学university of the air 广播电视大学updating courses/training 现代化课程/训练upgrading courses/training 进修课程/训练upperclassman 高年级学生use and usage 使用和用法utterance 语段Vverbal association 词语联想verbal learning 语言学习，单词学习video 电视，影象videotape 录象磁带visual perception 视觉visual aid 直观手段visit a class 听课visual memory 视觉记忆vocabulary control 词汇控制Wword association 词际联想word list 词表word study 词的研究word frequency 词汇重复率written language 书面语感情色彩emotional coloring褒义commendatory贬义derogatory幽默humorous讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic英语教学术语Approach教学路子Communicative approach交际法Communicative language teaching 交际语言教学Method教学方法Syllabus design教学大纲设计Frist language母语Second language第二语言Foreign language外语Target language目的语言Techniques技巧Brainstorm指就某一问题随便发表观点或建议的过程Group-work小组活动Pair-work两人一组的活动View of work语言理论或对语言的认识Structural view结构主义语言理论Functional view功能主义语言理论Interactional view交互语言理论Behaviourist theory行为主义学习理论Cognitive theory认知学习理论Process-oriented theory强调过程的语言学习理论Condition-oriented theory强调条件的语言学习理论Audiolingual theory外语教学听说法TPR:total physical respone 全身反应法Silent way沉默法Natural approach自然法Reflective teaching反思教学Communicative approach交际法或交际路子Communicative competence交际能力Linguistic competence语言能力Teaching procedures教学步骤Teaching aids教学辅助材料和设备Variety多样性Flexibility灵活性Learnability可学性百度文库 - 让每个人平等地提升自我21Linkage 连接Micro planning 微观备课 Macro planning 宏观备课 RP:received pronunciation 英国伦敦附近的一种方言。
常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms
学习好资料欢迎下载常用英语语法术语表Grammatical Terms1.语法 grammar2.句法 syntax3.词法 morphology4.结构 structure5.层次 rank6.构词法word-building7.句子 sentence8.从句 clause9.词组 phrase10.词类 part of speech11.单词 word12.实词 notional word13.虚词 structural word14.单纯词simple word15.派生词derivative16.复合词compound17.词性part of speech18.名词noun19.代词pronoun20.数词numeral21.形容词adjective22.动词verb23.副词adverb24.冠词article25.介词preposition26.连词conjunction27.感叹词interjection28.名词 noun 29.专有名词 proper noun30.普通名词 common noun31.可数名词 countable noun32.不可数名词 uncountable noun33.抽象名词 abstract noun34.具体名词 concret noun35.物质名词 material noun36.集体名词 collective noun37.个体名词 individual noun38.动词 verb39.主动词 main verb40.及物动词 transitive verb41.不及物动词 intransitive verb42.系动词 link verb43.助动词 auxiliary verb44.实义动词notional verb45.情态动词 modal verb46.规则动词 regular verb47.不规则动词 irregular verb48.短语动词 phrasal verb49.限定动词 finite verb50.非限定动词 infinite verb51.使役动词 causative verb52.感官动词 verb of senses53.动态动词 event verb54.静态动词 state verb55.方式副词 adverb of manner56.程度副词 adverb of degree57.时间副词 adverb of time58.地点副词 adverb of place59.修饰性副词 adjunct60.连接副词 conjunctive adverb61.疑问副词 interrogative adverb62.关系副词 relative adverb63.人称代词 personal pronoun64.物主代词 possesive pronoun65.名词性物主代词nominal possessivepronoun66.形容词性物主代词 adjectival possessivepronoun67.反身代词 reflexive pronoun68.相互代词 reciprocal pronoun69.指示代词 demonstrative pronoun70.疑问代词 interrogative pronoun71.关系代词 relative pronoun72.不定代词 indefinite pronoun73.冠词 article74.定冠词 definite article75.不定冠词 indefinite article76.数词 numeral77.基数词 cardinal numeral78.序数词 ordinal numeral79.分数词 fractional numeral80.形式 form81.单数形式 singular form82.复数形式 plural form83.原形 base form84.词根root 85.前缀prefix86.后缀suffix87.同义词synonym88.反义词antonym89.转化法conversion90.派生法derivation91.词缀法affixation92.合成法composition93.复合词compound94.引导词particle95.名词的分类classification of nouns96.格case97.主格nominative case98.宾格objective case99.所有格possessive case100.比较级degrees of comparison101.原级positive degree102.比较级comparative degree103.最高级superlative degree104.助动词auxiliary verb105.及物动词transitive verb106.不及物动词intransitive verb107.规则动词regular verb108.不规则动词irregular verb109.限定动词finite verb110.非限定动词non-finite verb111.人称person112.数number113.性gender114.时态tense115.语态voice116.语气mood117.动词的主要形式principal forms of verbs118.现在形式present form119.过去形式past form120.分词participle121.现在分词present participle122.过去分词past participle123.不定式infinitive124.动名词gerund125.动名词verbal noun126.一般现在时simple present tense127.一般过去时simple past tense128.一般将来时simple future tense129.现在进行时present continuous tense130.过去进行时past continuous tense131.将来进行时future continuous tense132.过去完成时past perfect tense133.将来完成时future perfect tense134.现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense135.将来完成进行时future perfect continuous tense136.时态的呼应sequence of tenses137.被动语态passive voice138.主动语态active voice139.陈述语气indicative mood140.祈使语气imperative mood141.虚拟语气subjunctive mood142.频度副词adverb of frequency 143.连接副词conjunctive adverb144.定冠词definite article145.不定冠词indefinite article146.并列连词coordinating conjunction 147.从属连词subordinating conjunction 148.句法syntax149.陈述句declarative sentence150.祈使句imperative sentence151.感叹句exclamatory sentence152.疑问句interrogative sentence 153.一般疑问句general question154.特殊疑问句special question155.选择疑问句alternative question 156.反意疑问句disjunctive question 157.简单句simple sentence158.并列句compound sentence159.。
表程度的比较级
-r
Comparative Degree
taller older greater
以不发音的 e 结 尾 加
large close busy happy healthy big fat
powerful important
larger closer busier happier healthier bigger fatter
以辅音字母加y结尾的，先 变y为i, 再加-er
以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只 有一个辅音字母，应先双写 该字母，再加-er 多音节词和部分双音节词在 原级前加more
more powerful more important
the Irregular Forms:
good/ well
many/much bad/badly/ill little
4.他越忙，就越感觉快乐。
The busier he is, the happier he will feel.
Complete the sentences with the words in the box in suitable comparative forms.
warm healthy/long big more/less
越来越……
more and more + 多音节形容词
举一反三：Translation Practices
1. 冬天快到了，天气越来越冷了。
Winter is coming. It’s getting colder and colder.
2. 随着社会的发展，英语变得越来越重要了。
With the development of our society, English is becoming more and more important.
M2P3 Grammar2 Making comparisons
“few” is used with countable nouns, “little/less” is used with uncountable nouns.
many, many—more—the most much, much—more—the most few, few—fewer—the fewest little, little—less—the least
Getting out of bed in summer is less difficult than in winter.
many & much “many” is used with countable nouns, “much” is used with uncountable nouns. few & little
外研新标准 第三册 必修3
Module 2
Grammar 2
Objective
学习如何作比较。
If there were as many women as there are men in parliament, the situation would be very different. More people live in the capital than in the whole of the rest of the country. I don't have as much time as (= I have less time than) I would like for visiting my friends. The noise was more than I could bear.
3. How much ____ she looked without her glasses! (2009 全国I) A. well B. good C. best D. better 4. I have seldom seen my mother ____ pleased with my progress as she is now. (2010 全国I) A. so B. very C. too D. rather
对外汉语初中级（HSK4级）语言点整理
对外汉语初中级（HSK4级）语言点整理对外汉语初中级（HSK4级）语言点语法结构(grammar frame):1. ……(time)就要……了；快要……了我明天就要回美国了。
*我明天快要回美国了。
2. 从……回到(了)……从……v.到(了)……（V：回；走；来；拿）学生们从各个地方回到了学校。
3. ……离……（不）很远/近张天明的家离学校很远。
4. ……帮……搬…………帮……V……我帮新生搬行李。
5. ……对……有/没有好处运动对身体有好处。
6. ……有益于……（……对……有好处）运动有益于身体健康。
（运动对身体健康有好处。
）7. ……的时候，……我来中国的时候，妈妈给我买了很多衣服。
8. 等……（的时候/以后），……等事业真正发展起来了，房子会有的，车子也会有的。
9. 等……才……我等写完功课以后才看电影。
10.一+V （V：写；吃；听；尝）一+V+就+vp他说外面下雨了，我一看，真的下雨了。
今天的语法很容易，我一听就懂了。
11. 又……又……中国菜又好吃又便宜。
12. 少/多＋V点儿(+O)吸烟对身体没有好处，你要少吸点儿烟。
13. 总的来说……总的来说，中国菜是对身体健康有好处的。
14. 一般来说……在美国，一般来说，老师重视自由发展。
15. ……，这就要看……V/adj+不+V/adj+了A：你一个小时可以做完功课吗？B：这就要看功课多不多了。
16．……，就是……这家餐厅的菜很好吃，就是有点儿贵。
17. adj +是+ adj，就是（可是，不过）……这件衣服漂亮是漂亮，就是太贵了。
18. ……还是……的，就是……这套房子还是比较好的，就是房租有点儿贵。
19. 非……不可……（一定要……）张天明买衣服非名牌不可。
20. 对……来说，……对美国人来说，写汉字很难。
对学校来说，学生的安全最重要。
21. ……，就拿……来说（吧），……我觉得在家庭里，男女已经很平等了。
就拿我家来说吧，我爸爸跟妈妈分担家务。
爱智康 英语语法
爱智康英语语法以下是为您生成的 20 个关于爱智康英语语法、英语释义、短语、单词、用法和双语例句的内容，您可以根据实际需求进行修改和调整：---1. 英语语法：爱智康强调主谓一致的重要性。
在句子“Neither he norI am going to the party.”中，“neither...nor...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词的形式要根据就近原则，与靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致，这里靠近谓语动词“am”的主语是“I”，所以用“am”。
- 英语释义：Emphasize the significance of subject-verb agreement.In the sentence "Neither he nor I am going to the party.", when "neither...nor..." connects two subjects, the form of the verb should followthe principle of proximity and be consistent with the subject closer to the verb. Here, the subject closer to the verb "am" is "I", so "am" is used.- 短语：subject-verb agreement（主谓一致）- 单词：emphasize（强调）；proximity（接近；邻近）- 用法：Neither...nor...（既不......也不......）- 双语例句：Neither my parents nor my sister likes pop music.（我的父母和姐姐都不喜欢流行音乐。
）2. 英语语法：爱智康讲解了一般过去时的用法。
英语语法Grammatical-Hierarchy
Grammatical Hierarchy
Definition of GRAMMAR
• GRAMMAR:
• the structural system of a language.
• the branch of linguistics that deals
with syntax and morphology (and
dogs houses
/z/
/iz/
irirrational irregular irrelevant
0.2 Words
is composed of one or more morpheme.
Two categories: 1) Free Morphemes 2) Bound Morphemes. *3) Allomorphs
1) Free Morphemes
1. Definition: has a complete meaning can stand by itself as a Simple Word can sometimes act as a complete
sometimes also deals with
semantics)
Linguistics
Syntax
Grammar
Morphology
Semantics
Grammatical Hierarchy: Five Ranks
• The grammar of the English language is organized into five ranks:
Examples:
In Orthography:
in-
im-
Key+points+of+grammar+in+the+English+Level+2+exam
The correct use of tenses
Present simple
This tense is used to describe actions that are happening now, such as "I eat pizza every day."
Past simple
This tense is used to describe actions that happened in the past, such as "Yesterday, I ate pizza."
The modifying function of adjectives
adjectives are used to describe or modify nouns or pronouns. For example, in the sentence "The red car is fast," the adjective "red" describes the color of the car, and the adjective "fast" describes the speed of the car.
Use of articles
Articles are used with nouns to create noun phrases. The article agrees with the noun in case, number, and gender.
Common test points for nouns and articles
• Use of possessive pronouns: Possessive pronouns (mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs) are used to show possession and must agree with the noun they modify in gender and number.
英语作文中变化程度词
英语作文中变化程度词English Answer:1. Degrees of Comparison.In English grammar, degrees of comparison are used to compare two or more nouns, adjectives, or adverbs and show the extent to which they differ. There are three main degrees of comparison:Positive degree: Describes the quality or characteristic without comparison.Example: The car is fast.Comparative degree: Compares two items and indicates that one has more or less of the quality or characteristic than the other.Example: The car is faster than the truck.Superlative degree: Compares three or more items and indicates that one has the most or least of the quality or characteristic.Example: The car is the fastest of all.2. Comparative and Superlative Forms.The comparative and superlative forms of adjectives and adverbs are typically formed by adding suffixes to the base word:Comparative degree: -er for adjectives, -more for adverbs.Example: tall -> taller, fast -> faster.Superlative degree: -est for adjectives, -most for adverbs.Example: tall -> tallest, fast -> fastest.Irregular Comparative and Superlative Forms.Some adjectives and adverbs have irregular comparative and superlative forms that do not follow the general rules.Adjectives:good -> better -> best.bad -> worse -> worst.far -> farther/further -> farthest/furthest.Adverbs:well -> better -> best.badly -> worse -> worst.much -> more -> most.3. Using Degrees of Comparison Correctly.When using degrees of comparison, it is important to:Use the comparative degree when comparing two items.Use the superlative degree when comparing three or more items.Make sure that the items being compared are comparable.Avoid using double comparisons (e.g., "more better").Pay attention to the position of the comparative and superlative forms in the sentence.中文回答：1. 程度比较。
初中英语形容词比较级,名词变化规则等
初中英语形容词比较级，名词变化规则等全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1English Grammar: A Fun Adventure!Hey there, fellow learners! Are you ready to embark on a thrilling adventure through the wondrous world of English grammar? Buckle up and get ready to discover all the secrets that will help you become a true language master!Let's start with something exciting – comparative adjectives! These little guys help us compare things in a super cool way. Imagine you're describing two friends, and you want to say who's taller. That's where comparative adjectives come in handy! You simply add "-er" to the end of the adjective. For example, if your friend Jamie is taller than your friend Alex, you can say, "Jamie is taller than Alex."But wait, there's more! What if you want to compare more than two things? That's where superlative adjectives step in! These awesome guys help us identify the tallest, the fastest, or the most amazing thing out of a whole group. To form a superlative adjective, you add "-est" to the end of the adjective.For example, if Jamie is the tallest person in your entire class, you can say, "Jamie is the tallest."Now, let's talk about something really cool – irregular adjectives! These are adjectives that don't follow the regular rules of adding "-er" or "-est." Instead, they have their own special forms. For example, the comparative form of "good" is "better," and the superlative form is "best." Isn't that neat?Moving on, let's explore the exciting world of noun changes! You see, some nouns can change their form to show if there's one or more of them. When you have just one thing, it's called the singular form. But when you have more than one, it's called the plural form! To make most nouns plural, you simply add "-s" to the end. For example, if you have one apple, it's "apple," but if you have multiple apples, it's "apples."But wait, there's a twist! Some nouns have irregular plural forms that don't follow the regular "-s" rule. For example, the plural of "child" is "children," and the plural of "mouse" is "mice." Crazy, right?Let's not forget about another important rule – subject-verb agreement! This means that the verb you use in a sentence has to match the subject. If the subject is singular (just one thing), the verb needs to be singular too. For example, "The cat meows."But if the subject is plural (more than one thing), the verb needs to be plural as well. For example, "The cats meow."Phew, that was a lot of information! But don't worry, we're not done yet. Let's talk about something really fun – pronouns! These little guys help us avoid repeating the same nouns over and over again. For example, instead of saying "John went to the park, and John played on the swings," you can use a pronoun and say, "John went to the park, and he played on the swings." Isn't that much easier?Now, let's explore the fascinating world of punctuation! These are the little marks that help us organize our sentences and make them easier to read. For example, periods (.) tell us when a sentence ends, commas (,) help us separate items in a list, and question marks (?) show us when we're asking a question.Lastly, let's talk about something really important – reading and writing practice! The more you read and write in English, the better you'll get at using all these grammar rules. So, grab a book, write a story, or even keep a journal! The more you practice, the more confident you'll become.Wow, that was quite an adventure! I hope you had as much fun learning about English grammar as I did teaching you. Remember, practice makes perfect, and with a little bit of effortand a whole lot of enthusiasm, you'll be a grammar master in no time!篇2Making Words Bigger and Smaller in EnglishHi friends! Today we're going to learn about some really cool tricks for changing words in English. These tricks let you make words bigger, smaller, or different in other ways. It's like word magic!Comparing with -er and -estLet's start with adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe things, like "big", "small", "fast", and "slow". Sometimes we want to compare two or more things to see which one is more or less of something. That's where the comparative and superlative forms come in.To make the comparative form of a one-syllable adjective (to compare two things), just add -er to the end. For example:Big → BiggerSmall → SmallerFast → FasterSlow → SlowerSo if I say "My brother is taller than me", it means my brother's height is more/bigger than my height.For the superlative form (to show the most or least of something in a group), add -est instead. Like:Big → BiggestSmall → SmallestFast → FastestSlow → SlowestIf I say "Sandra is the fastest runner in our class", it means of all the runners, Sandra's speed is the most/highest.For two-syllable adjectives ending in -y, change the y to i and add -er/-est:Happy → Happier/HappiestTiny → Tinier/TiniestAnd for most other longer adjectives, you use more/most before the adjective:More beautifulMost interestingMaking Nouns PluralNouns are words for people, places, and things - like "dog", "park", and "table". In English, we often change nouns to make them plural (meaning more than one).For most nouns, just add -s:Dog → DogsPark → ParksTable → TablesIf the noun ends in -sh, -ch, -x or -s already, add -es:Wish → WishesSandwich → SandwichesBox → BoxesGlass → GlassesSome nouns are totally irregular and change in a different way:Child → ChildrenMouse → MiceFoot → FeetOther TricksThere are lots of other ways we can change words in English too!We can add prefixes (letters at the start) and suffixes (letters at the end) to make new words:Un- (not) + happy = unhappyRe- (again) + do = redo-ful (full of) + beauty = beautiful-less (without) + home = homelessWe can make one word from another type of word:Verbs into nouns:Decide → decisionEmploy → employmentAdjectives into nouns:Warm → warmthPerfect → perfectionAdjectives into verbs:Bright → brightenShort → shortenNouns into verbs:Hammer → to hammerBottle → to bottleWow, so many fun ways to change words! The best way to learn is by seeing examples and practicing. I hope these tips make English feel a bit more magical. Keep exploring!篇3Comparing Things: The Fun Way with Adjectives!Hey there, friends! Are you ready to dive into the exciting world of English adjectives and how they help us compare things? Get ready for some fun and games!Let's start with the basics. What are adjectives? Adjectives are those super cool words that describe nouns (things, people, or places). For example, if you say "a big dog," the word "big" is an adjective describing the noun "dog." Cool, right?Now, let's talk about how we use adjectives to compare things. This is where the real fun begins!The Comparative Form: Bigger, Better, Funnier!When we want to compare two things, we use the comparative form of an adjective. For example, if you say, "My dog is bigger than your dog," you're using the comparative form "bigger" to compare the size of the two dogs.Here's how you make the comparative form of most adjectives:For short adjectives (one syllable), add "-er" to the end. Like:tall → tallerbig → biggerhot → hotterFor longer adjectives (two or more syllables), put "more" before the adjective. Like:beautiful → more beautifulintelligent → more intelligentexpensive → more expensiveEasy peasy, right? Just remember, when you use the comparative form, you're comparing two things.The Superlative Form: The Best, the Biggest, the Most Awesome!But what if you want to compare more than two things? That's where the superlative form comes in! The superlative form is used to describe the highest degree of something among a group.For example, if you say, "Sara is the tallest girl in the class," you're using the superlative form "tallest" to compare Sara's height to all the other girls in the class.Here's how you make the superlative form of most adjectives:For short adjectives (one syllable), add "-est" to the end. Like:tall → tallestbig → biggesthot → hottestFor longer adjectives (two or more syllables), put "most" before the adjective. Like:beautiful → most beautifulintelligent → most intelligentexpensive → most expensiveCool, right? Just remember, when you use the superlative form, you're comparing more than two things.Irregular Adjectives: The Rule-Breakers!Now, here's the tricky part. Some adjectives don't follow the regular rules we just learned. These are called irregular adjectives. But don't worry, they're not as scary as they sound!Here are some common irregular adjectives:good → better → bestbad → worse → worstfar → farther/further → farthest/furthestSee? They're a little different, but you'll get the hang of them with practice.Noun Inflections: Singular and Plural Fun!Okay, let's switch gears and talk about nouns. Nouns are the words that name people, places, or things. And just like adjectives, nouns can change their form too!When we talk about one thing, we use the singular form of a noun. For example, "one cat" or "a book."But when we talk about more than one thing, we use the plural form of a noun. For example, "two cats" or "books."Here's how you make most nouns plural:For nouns that end in a consonant (like "cat" or "dog"), add "-s" to the end. Like:cat → catsdog → dogsbook → booksFor nouns that end in "-y" (like "baby" or "candy"), change the "-y" to "-ies." Like:baby → babiescandy → c andiesFor nouns that end in "-s," "-x," "-z," "-ch," or "-sh," add "-es" to the end. Like:box → boxesbrush → brusheswatch → watchesEasy, right? Just remember, when you're talking about more than one thing, use the plural form of the noun.Irregular Nouns: The Rebels of the Noun World!Just like with adjectives, some nouns don't follow the regular rules for making plurals. These are called irregular nouns.Here are some common irregular nouns:child → childrenmou se → micefoot → feetperson → peopleDon't worry if you find these a bit confusing at first. With practice, you'll get the hang of them too!Phew, that was a lot of information, wasn't it? But now you're a pro at using adjectives to compare things and making nouns plural. Give yourself a big high-five!Remember, the more you practice using adjectives and nouns in their different forms, the easier it will become. And who knows, maybe one day you'll be teaching your friends all about these awesome grammar rules!Keep it up, and happy learning!篇4Learning English Grammar Can Be Fun!Hi there, friends! Are you ready to learn some cool stuff about the English language? Grammar might sound boring, but trust me, it can be pretty awesome once you get the hang of it. Let's dive right in!Comparing with AdjectivesOne of the first things you'll learn in English class is how to use adjectives. Adjectives are those neat little words that describe nouns, like "big," "small," "happy," or "awesome." But did you know that adjectives can also compare things?For example, let's say you have two dogs, Buddy and Max. If Buddy is bigger than Max, you can say, "Buddy is bigger than Max." The word "bigger" is called the comparative form of the adjective "big." It's used to compare two things.Now, let's bring a third dog into the mix – Rover. If Rover is the biggest of the three, you'd say, "Rover is the biggest dog." The word "biggest" is called the superlative form of the adjective, and it's used to compare three or more things.Here are the rules for making comparative and superlative adjectives:For short adjectives (one syllable), add "-er" for the comparative and "-est" for the superlative:big, bigger, biggestsmall, smaller, smallestFor adjectives with two syllables ending in "-y," change the "y" to "i" and add "-er" or "-est":happy, happier, happiesttiny, tinier, tiniestFor longer adjectives (three or more syllables), use "more" or "most" before the adjective:beautiful, more beautiful, most beautifulintelligent, more intelligent, most intelligentPretty cool, right? Just remember to follow the rules, and you'll be a pro at comparing things in no time!Noun Inflections: Singular and PluralNouns are the names of people, places, things, or ideas. In English, nouns can be singular (just one) or plural (more thanone). For example, "cat" is a singular noun, while "cats" is the plural form.Here are the basic rules for making nouns plural:For most nouns, add "-s" at the end:dog, dogsbook, bookschair, chairsFor nouns ending in "-s," "-sh," "-ch," "-x," or "-z," add "-es":bus, busesbrush, brushesbeach, beachesbox, boxesbuzz, buzzesFor some nouns ending in "-y" preceded by a consonant, change the "y" to "i" and add "-es":baby, babiescity, citieslady, ladiesFor some nouns ending in "-f" or "-fe," change the "f" to "v" and add "-es":leaf, leavesknife, kniveswife, wivesSome nouns have irregular plural forms that you just have to memorize:child, childrenmouse, micefoot, feetIt might seem like a lot of rules, but don't worry! With practice, making nouns plural will become second nature.Other Grammar GoodiesNow that you've got a handle on comparative adjectives and noun inflections, let's explore a few more grammar gems:Subject-Verb AgreementIn English, the subject (the noun doing the action) and the verb (the action word) must agree in number. For example:She runs every day. (Singular subject, singular verb)They run every day. (Plural subject, plural verb)PrepositionsPrepositions are words that show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in the sentence. Some common prepositions are "in," "on," "under," "beside," and "between."The cat is on the mat.The book is under the table.The bird flew between the trees.Punctuation PalsPunctuation marks are like little traffic signals that help make your writing clear and easy to understand. Here are a few punctuation pals to get acquainted with:Periods (.) mark the end of a sentence.Question marks (?) are used for asking questions.Commas (,) separate items in a list or clauses in a sentence.Apostrophes (') show possession or contraction.Practice Makes PerfectPhew, that was a lot of grammar goodness! Don't worry if it seems overwhelming at first. The more you practice using these rules in your writing and speaking, the more natural they'll become.Remember, learning a language is like learning to play a sport or an instrument – it takes time, effort, and lots of practice. But the more you stick with it, the more rewarding it becomes. You'll be able to express yourself better, understand others more clearly, and maybe even make some new friends who speak English too!So keep practicing, keep learning, and most importantly, keep having fun with the English language. It's a wild and wonderful world of words, just waiting for you to explore!篇5English Grammar: Making Sense of the RulesHey there, fellow students! Are you sometimes confused by all the grammar rules in English? Don't worry; we're in this together! Today, we're going to explore some of the most important grammar concepts that can trip us up: adjectivecomparatives, noun changes, and more. Get ready to become grammar masters!Adjective Comparatives: Describing the World Around UsHave you ever wanted to compare two things? Maybe you wanted to say that your friend's new toy is cooler than your old one or that your mom's cooking is tastier than the food at the cafeteria. That's where adjective comparatives come in!Adjective comparatives help us compare two things by describing them differently. For example, if you say, "My dog is bigger than yours," you're using the comparative form of the adjective "big" to show that your dog is larger in size compared to your friend's dog.Here's how we form adjective comparatives:Short adjectives (one syllable): Add "-er" to the end.Example: tall - taller, hot - hotter, big - biggerLong adjectives (two or more syllables): Use "more" before the adjective.Example: beautiful - more beautiful, intelligent - more intelligentIrregular adjectives: Some adjectives have special comparative forms.Example: good - better, bad - worse, far - farther/furtherNow, let's practice! Which sentence uses the correct comparative form?a) My sister is more taller than me.b) The new video game is funner than the old one.c) This pizza is tastier than the one we had last week.If you chose c) "This pizza is tastier than the one we had last week," you're right! "Tastier" is the comparative form of the adjective "tasty."Noun Changes: Singulars and PluralsSometimes, we need to talk about more than one person, place, or thing. That's when we use plural nouns! Plural nouns are the form of a word that refers to multiple items.For example, if you have one apple, it's a singular noun. But if you have more than one, you'd say "apples," which is the plural form.Here's how we typically form plural nouns:Most nouns: Add "-s" to the end.Example: book - books, pen - pens, cat - catsNouns ending in "-y": Change "-y" to "-ies."Example: baby - babies, city - citiesNouns ending in "-sh," "-ch," "-x," or "-s": Add "-es."Example: brush - brushes, catch - catches, box - boxes, glass - glassesIrregular nouns: Some nouns have unique plural forms.Example: child - children, mouse - mice, person - peopleLet's try one! What is the plural form of the noun "toy"?a) toiesb) toyesc) toysIf you chose c) "toys," you're absolutely right! We add "-s" to the end of "toy" to make it plural.Articles and Other Grammar GemsThere's so much more to explore in the world of English grammar! Let's quickly touch on a few other important concepts:Articles: The words "a," "an," and "the" are called articles. We use them before nouns to specify if we're talking about a general or specific item.Example: I want a cookie. (any cookie)Example: The cookie you baked is delicious. (a specific cookie)Subject-Verb Agreement: Verbs need to agree with their subjects in number (singular or plural).Example: The dog barks. (singular subject, singular verb)Example: The dogs bark. (plural subject, plural verb)Prepositions: Words like "in," "on," "under," and "beside" are prepositions. They show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence.Example: The book is on the table.Phew, that was a lot of information! But don't worry; with practice, these grammar rules will become second nature. Remember, learning a language is a journey, and every step you take will make you a better communicator.Keep exploring, keep practicing, and most importantly, have fun with the English language!篇6English Grammar: Adjectives, Nouns, and More!Hey there, kids! Are you ready to dive into the exciting world of English grammar? I know, I know, it might not sound like the most thrilling topic, but trust me, once you get the hang of it, it'll be like unlocking a secret code to mastering the English language. So, let's jump right in!Adjectives: The Colorful DescriptorsYou know those words that describe things? Like "big," "small," "red," "happy," or "angry"? Those are called adjectives, and they add so much flavor to our language. Without them, everything would sound bland and boring. Can you imagine describing your favorite toy as just "a thing"? No way! You'd want to call it "the coolest, most awesome thing ever!"But wait, there's more! Adjectives can also compare things. Let's say you have two friends, and one of them is taller than the other. You could say, "John is tall," but if you want to compare him to your other friend, you'd say, "John is taller than Mike." That's called the comparative form of the adjective.And if you want to take it a step further and talk about the tallest person in your whole class, you'd use the superlative form, like "John is the tallest kid in our class."Here are some common rules for forming comparative and superlative adjectives:For short adjectives (one or two syllables), add "-er" for the comparative and "-est" for the superlative:tall → taller → tallestbig → bigger → biggesthot → hotter → hottestFor adjectives with more than two syllables, use "more" for the comparative and "most" for the superlative:beautiful → more beautiful → most beautifulintelligent → more intelligent → most intelligentexpensive → more expensive → most expensivePretty cool, right? Just remember to practice, and you'll be a master of comparative and superlative adjectives in no time!Nouns: The Naming ChampionsNouns are the words that name people, places, things, or ideas. Without nouns, we couldn't talk about anything specific! Imagine trying to describe your favorite toy without using its name. It would be like, "That thing with the wheels and the buttons that makes sounds." Not very clear, is it?Just like adjectives, nouns can also change their form depending on how we're using them in a sentence. These changes are called inflections.One common inflection is making a noun plural. For example, if you have one toy, you'd call it a "toy," but if you have more than one, you'd call them "toys." Easy enough, right?Here are some rules for making nouns plural:For most nouns, just add "-s" to the end:toy → toysbook → booksfriend → friendsFor nouns ending in "-s," "-sh," "-ch," or "-x," add "-es":bus → buseswish → wishesbranch → branchesbox → boxesFor some nouns, the plural form is completely different:child → childrenmouse → miceperson → peopleThere are other inflections for nouns too, like possessive forms (showing ownership) and singular/plural forms for irregular nouns. But we'll save those for another day. For now, just focus on mastering plurals, and you'll be well on your way to noun greatness!Verbs: The Action MastersVerbs are the words that describe actions or states of being. Without verbs, nothing would happen in our sentences! Imagine trying to describe your day without using any verbs. It would be like, "I... school... friends... home... nothing."Just like adjectives and nouns, verbs can also change their form depending on how we're using them in a sentence. These changes are called conjugations.One common conjugation is changing the verb to match the subject (the person or thing doing the action). For example, if you're talking about yourself, you'd say "I walk," but if you're talking about your friend, you'd say "She walks."Here are some rules for conjugating verbs:For most verbs, add "-s" or "-es" to the end for third-person singular (he, she, it):I walk, you walk, we walk, they walkbut: he walks, she walks, it walksFor verbs ending in "-y," change the "-y" to "-ies" forthird-person singular:I try, you try, we try, they trybut: he tries, she tries, it triesFor some verbs, the conjugation is completely different:I am, you are, we are, they arebut: he is, she is, it isThere are other conjugations too, like past tense and future tense, but we'll save those for another day. For now, focus onmastering present tense conjugations, and you'll be a verb virtuoso in no time!Whew, that was a lot of information, but don't worry if you didn't catch everything the first time. Grammar is like a muscle –the more you practice, the stronger it gets. So keep practicing those adjectives, nouns, and verbs, and before you know it, you'll be speaking and writing like a true English pro!。
比较级
long
far cold
brave
old clean
dirty
slowly sad
fat
hot fine
考点
Lily is 2 years old. Rex is 5 years old .
Lily is 3 years younger than Rex. Rex is 3 years older than Lily. John is 20 kilos . Super is 25 kilos . Super is 5 kilos heavier than John.
er
Comparative degree: rules
1.Adj.+ er tall 2. …e+ r 3… + y ---ier short long strong cold
nice
brave
fine
happy
early
ugly
4. Double last letter +er
big fat
Grammar
Comparative degree
n.
king turn
V.
spring January
adjective
warm give begin pass
delicious
heavy
basketball
witch pretty
short look
save
antonym
tall short
far
farther/further
more
Comparative Grammar
For Additional Explanation and Practice, go to these websites: 1. Comparative / Superlative Explanation and Quizzes:
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/regcom.htm
5. Less Than
There are a few exceptions with comparative grammar . . . These are adjectives that don’t follow the basic rules or that have more than one acceptable form. To learn these, you must memorize them.
Try these examples. Use the comparative form. 1. I think Social Studies is _________________ (interesting) than Math. 2. San Diego is a _____________ (pretty) city than L.A. 3. A dog is usually _______________ (friendly) than a cat. 4. It is _____________ (hot) today than it was yesterday. 5. My cousin is ______________ (rich) than I am. 6. USE LESS: Some people think that Spanish is __________________ (difficult) than English.
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⒊ Of the two coats, I'd choose the ______ one to spare some money for a book.
A. cheapest
B. cheaper
B. C. more expensive D. most expensive
【解析】答案选B。关键词是句中的two，因是两 者比较，可将答案锁定在B和C之间;再根据句 意，排除C，得到B。
⒈ 为了避免重复，常用the one of代替单数 可数名词，the ones,those 代替复数名 词,that 代替单数或不可数名词。
⒉ 当比较对象属于同一范围时，需使用 other来排除自身，否则会造成与自身相比较 的矛盾。
Canada is larger than any other country in North America.
4. rather…than…/rather than宁可。。。而不 5. no more不再，不复存在，也不，也没有
6. less than不。。。
⒈ 由“...as + 形容词原型 + as...”或“...as + 形容词 + 名词 + as...”构成。
My grandpa is as energetic as a young man.
3、比较级 + than + anything/ anyone else ① George did more work than anyone else. ② Tom cared more for money than for anything else. 4、在比较句型中使用 "no", "nobody", "nothing" + better than… 等词。 ① I like nothing better than swimming. ② Nobody can do the work better than he did. ③ No other building is as grand as the new hotel.
构成 用法 基本句型 特殊句型
注意 考题思路 重要考点
2/2
1.表示“比...更”。用比较级形容词 +than+比较成分, than后主词的述语动词 往往省略, 非正式用法的than后的人称代 名词可用宾格。 He is younger than me. 他比我年轻。 I am a better swimmer than he(him). 我游泳比他好。
To tell you the truth, my boyfriend is much older than me.
5.两个比较对象用and连在一起可表达全面增加或减 少，意为“越来越……”。
The weather is getting warmer and warmer. 天气越来越暖和. She is becoming more anrself becoming more and more nervous.
As the winter is drawing near, it's getting colder and colder.
⒉表示两者之间更···the + 比较级 + of the two + 名词。
Jane is the taller of the two children in our family.
I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.
⒌ “a + 比较级 + 名词(than...)” 结构常出现在以never构成 的完成时态的动词后面。
How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better voice.
⒈ There is an old proverb，"Love me, love my dog. " But there is ______ wisdom in this: "Love me, love my book." A. some B. much C. more D. most
【解析】答案选C。这道题出得非常巧妙，句 中既没有显示比较级的关键词，也没有暗示 用比较级的than。而是将"Love me, love my dog"与"Love me, love my book"两句进行比 较，要求考生根据这两句话的内容确定哪句 话更有wisdom。
⒊ 表示"越……":"the + 比较级……“
The more magazines you sell,the more money you will get.
⒋ “否定 + 比较级” 相当于最高级。 Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
⒈ The new group of students is better-behaved than the other group who stayed here ______. A. early B. earlier C. earliest D. the earliest 【解析】答案选B。做此题的关键词是new，即把"新来 的学生"与"早些时候在这儿的学生"进行比较。全句意 为:新来的这群学生比早些时候呆在这儿的那些学生表 现得更好些。 ⒉ -Do you need any help, Lucy? -Yes, the job is ______ I could do myself. A. less than B. more than C. no more than D. not more than 【解析】答案选B。做此题要抓的关键词是yes，由于 答话者对问话者的"你需要帮助吗?"作了肯定回答，说 明答话者独自完成工作有困难，所以填more than。
Luckily， the weather is not so wet as it is today.
3.由“……形容词比较级+ than...”构成。
He is more concerned about others than about himself.
4. 由"...many / much more + 可数 / 不可 数名词 + than..."
2. 表示"较...低; 不及..."用less+原级形 容词+than+比较成分。 I am less young than he (is). 我不比他年轻。
3. 表示两者之中"较...", 用the+比较级+of the two。
This one is the bigger of the two houses. 这所房子是两座房子中较大的。 4. 定冠词或指示形容词+比较级+名词表示比较。 The taller boy is John. 那个身材较高的男孩子是约翰。 5. 有少数以ior结尾的形容词, 如inferior(次于), junior(年幼的;下级的), posterior(之后), prior(之前), senior(年长的,上级的), superior(优于)等本身就有比较的意思, 常与介系 词to连用。 This method is superior to that one. 这种方法优于那种方法。
My friend earned much more money than I did last year.
⒈表示“越来越……”的意思: “比较级 + and + 比较级”或 “more and more / less and less + 原级”结构，与这类 结构搭配的常用动词有grow, get, become等。
⒍ 倍数表示法:...times as +形容词原级 + as...; ...times + 形容词比较级 + than...;...times the + 性质名词 + of...。
The dining hall is three times as large as that one.
The dining hall is three times larger than that one.
5、one of + the +adj.最高级 + n.(复数) "最 „„的„„之一" eg. Paper-making is one of the greatest inventions of ancient China. 6、the + 序数词 + adj.最高级 + n.(单数) + in短语 "第几(长、大、远)„„" eg. The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 7、adj.最高级 可用在选择疑问句中，常用 句型:Which/ Who … A, B or C? eg. Which city is the biggest, Beijing, Shanghai or Chongqing? 8、当adj.最高级 前有物主代词、指示代词、 名词所有格 修饰时，省掉最高级前的定冠 词the。 eg. Linda is my sister's best friend.
(正)Life is very much easier than it was twenty years ago.
1..more than…不止，仅仅，非常，极其 This more than satisfied me.