Book 7 Unit 4 Revising useful structure
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人教英语选修7Unit4The structure for task-based writing)(
As for me, I prefer the traditional shopping.Firstly,______; Secondly, ___________________; Thirdly,_________________. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________.
It is + adj./n. + （ for sb.） + to do sth. （对于某人来说，）做某事是………的。
（2）你喜欢传统的购物方式还是网上购物？
至于我来说，我更喜欢传统购物。走进商店亲自看看 货品真地很有趣。
___A_s__fo__r me , I __p_r_e_f_e_r traditional shopping.
列举——第一、二……： Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly……，last but not least
总结——总之： So, in brief, in short, to sum up, in conclusion……
4.Polish the writing.
Which is better, internet shopping or traditional shopping?
It_i_s__re_a_l_l_y_f_u_n__t_o_go into shops and look at the goods ___i_n_p__e_rs_o_n__ .
我们可以选择我们真正需要的且来场讨价还价。
We can choose bargain.
___w__h_a_t_
It is + adj./n. + （ for sb.） + to do sth. （对于某人来说，）做某事是………的。
（2）你喜欢传统的购物方式还是网上购物？
至于我来说，我更喜欢传统购物。走进商店亲自看看 货品真地很有趣。
___A_s__fo__r me , I __p_r_e_f_e_r traditional shopping.
列举——第一、二……： Firstly, Secondly, Thirdly……，last but not least
总结——总之： So, in brief, in short, to sum up, in conclusion……
4.Polish the writing.
Which is better, internet shopping or traditional shopping?
It_i_s__re_a_l_l_y_f_u_n__t_o_go into shops and look at the goods ___i_n_p__e_rs_o_n__ .
我们可以选择我们真正需要的且来场讨价还价。
We can choose bargain.
___w__h_a_t_
Book7Unit4
Ⅰ.重点单词识记1．convey /kən′veI/v t.运送，输送；表达2．postpone /pə′spəʊn/v t.延迟，延期3．section /′sekʃn/n．部分；部件；部门4．undertake /ˌʌndə′teIk/v t.& v i.承担，从事；承诺，答应5．authority /ɔː′θɒrətI/n．权力，权威；官方，当权者；批准，授权6．enlarge /In′lɑːdʒ/v t.& v i.扩大，扩展，增大7．anniversary /ˌænI′vɜːsərI/n．周年纪念日8．growth /ɡrəʊθ/n．增加，增长；成长，生长9．punctual /′pʌŋktʃʊəl/adj.准时的，守时的10．arise /ə′raIz/v i.出现，产生11．pedestrian /pə′destrIən/n．行人，步行者；adj.行人(使用)的12．aggressive /ə′ɡresIv/adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的13．crash /kræʃ/n．& v i.& v t.撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃14．fine /faIn/v t.处以罚金15．drunk /drʌŋk/adj.喝醉的；n.醉汉，酒鬼16．unbelievable /ˌʌnbI′liːvəbl/adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的→believe v．相信；认为→belief n．看法，信念17．enquiry /In′kwaIərI/n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究→enquire v．询问，打听18．annual /′ænjʊəl/adj.每年的，一年一次的→annually ad v.一年一次地19．detail /′diːteIl/n．具体情况，详情，细节→detailed adj.详细的，细致的20．departure /dI′pɑːtʃə(r)/n．离开，出发；背离，违反→depart v．离开，出发21．load /ləʊd/n．负荷，负载；大量，许多；v t.装载，装上，装入→unload v t.卸货Ⅱ.重点短语识记1．drop off中途下客或卸货2．link up联合，连接3．at (...) intervals每隔……距离或时间4．break out突发，爆发5．make out辨认出；理解，明白；假装6．put through给某人接通(电话)；使经历7．decide on/upon决定，选定8．put off推迟，推延；使反感9．turn up出现，到来；调高(音量等)10．fill in填写(表格)；消磨(时间)11．a handful of少数的，少量的12．split up分组，分解；分离13．speed up(使)加速14．arise from起因于，由……引起15．apply to适用于Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵1．However，most trains to London only went to the outer city limits，because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.但大部分通往伦敦的火车只到外伦敦的边界，因为在市区修建铁路会损坏许多古建筑。
Unit4Discoverusefulstructures高中英语人教版(2019)选择性必修第四册
—You expressed my thoughts
(exact).
③I have seen him quite
(recent).
答案: ①deeply deep
②probably exactly
③recently
四、 形容词短语 (adjective phrases,简称AdjP) 【观察思考】 ▶Your room is large and beautiful. ▶What he said is really confusing. ▶He is a very diligent student. ▶My evidence would be good for nothing. ▶We must make our country strong enough. ▶He arrives home, hungry and tired.
【应用实践】
用横线画出句子中的名词短语,并在括号里写出其充当的成
分。
①These red roses are for you. (主语 )
②I have three close friends. 宾( 语 )
③He is my best friend. ( 表语)
④There are some red roses on that small
【应用实践】 指出下列画线形容词短语所充当的成分。 ①Anxious for a quick decision, our leader called for a vote. ( ) ②She looks beautiful and smart. ( ) ③You have a small but beautiful room. ( )
Unit 4 Grammar— Review of phrases
选择性必修四 Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structure P41
China has offered a__la_r_g_e_a_m__o_u_n_t_o_f_in_v_e_s_t_m_e_n_t to many countries in its Belt and Road Initiative. In the Congo, many d_u_s_t_y_t_ra_c_k_s_ have been transformed into _b_e_a_u_ti_fu_l_m__o_d_e_rn__ro_a_d_ since then. Trains run _st_ra_i_g_h_t_to_w__a_rd_s__ Europe from China, and to China from Europe, bringing new jobs and opportunities to both ends. Chinese healthcare workers have also
been sent to provide aid to places _w_it_h_d_a_n_g_e_r_o_u_s__ _di_s_e_a_s_e_. Despite all the difficulties involved in this project, these efforts have been greeted with _a_c_h_o_r_u_s_o_f_ support from the locals.
You need to be over 18 and able to communicate well both in spoken and written English (or in French). You don't need to have overseas experience, but you should be friendly and outgoing with a wonderful smile.
been sent to provide aid to places _w_it_h_d_a_n_g_e_r_o_u_s__ _di_s_e_a_s_e_. Despite all the difficulties involved in this project, these efforts have been greeted with _a_c_h_o_r_u_s_o_f_ support from the locals.
You need to be over 18 and able to communicate well both in spoken and written English (or in French). You don't need to have overseas experience, but you should be friendly and outgoing with a wonderful smile.
人教版高中英语book7unit1 Revising useful structures(共19张P
如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式 中要有介词。
Please give me a pen to write with.
(6) 状语
常充当原因、结果、目的状语等。
I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.
I hurried to the station to see Tom off, only to find he had already left.
(7). 独立结构
to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
(一般式表示与谓语动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(在谓语动作发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.
3. I didn’t know when __t_o_s_w_i_t_ch__ the machine off. (switch)
4. I showed her which button ___to__p_r_e_s_s_. (press)
Please give me a pen to write with.
(6) 状语
常充当原因、结果、目的状语等。
I came here to see you. He got up early to catch the train.
I hurried to the station to see Tom off, only to find he had already left.
(7). 独立结构
to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth To tell the truth, I don’t agree with you. Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful.
(一般式表示与谓语动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后)
(2). He pretended to be sleeping.
(在谓语动作发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行)
(3).She pretended to have known it before.
(完成式表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前)
(4).We’re happy to have been working with you.
3. I didn’t know when __t_o_s_w_i_t_ch__ the machine off. (switch)
4. I showed her which button ___to__p_r_e_s_s_. (press)
人教英语选修7Unit4Revise the attributive clause (共18张PPT)
三、模糊地点的where：
先行词为抽象名词point, state, stage, situation, condition, case等，表示模糊化的地点，定语从句缺 状语时用where引导。
where
• The accident has reached a point ____ the police have to come to deal with it.
3. Is there anything else___ you wa宾nt?语
A. which B. that C. who D. what
4. Last week is a time ___ we’ll never forget.
A. when B. which C. whom D. what 宾语
行词，缺成分)
八、定从的主谓一致问题
1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的 人称和单复数取决于先行词.
Mr. Smith who is now downstairs is asking to see you. The Smiths who are now downstairs are asking to see you.
如何选择介词？ 1.根据从句谓语动词的搭配
The dictionary forwhich I paid $30 is very useful. 2.根据与先行词的搭配 I still remember the day on which we visited the farm 3.根据句义under/on top of/ besides/inside / The car _b_e_h_inwdh/ iicnhfrloienst aofdog is Tom’s.
高中英语人教版必修4《Unit 4 Discovering useful structures》
2. I stood for a minute watching them and went to greet them.
3. She stepped back appearing surprised … 4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in
smiling, together with … 5. …, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling
The XXXlight is white and blindingt,hrowing _______ (throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.
解析：_______ hard-edged shadows on the ground 在句中作结果状语，其逻辑主语 和 句子的主语保持一致。明显，句子主语 the XXXlight 是 throw 动作的实行者， throw 相对于 the XXXlight 而言是主动动作 故填throwing。
Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。
动词-ing作状语常常和逻辑主语之间存在主 动关系，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、 结果、条件、相伴状态等。动词-ing一样不 用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的的 状语）。
1)表时间状语
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
2)表原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (=as he was ill, he didn’t go to school.) Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)
3. She stepped back appearing surprised … 4. Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in
smiling, together with … 5. …, she recognized Tony Garcia’s smiling
The XXXlight is white and blindingt,hrowing _______ (throw) hard-edged shadows on the ground.
解析：_______ hard-edged shadows on the ground 在句中作结果状语，其逻辑主语 和 句子的主语保持一致。明显，句子主语 the XXXlight 是 throw 动作的实行者， throw 相对于 the XXXlight 而言是主动动作 故填throwing。
Having done the work, he went home. 完成了工作，他就回家了。
动词-ing作状语常常和逻辑主语之间存在主 动关系，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、 结果、条件、相伴状态等。动词-ing一样不 用作表目的的状语（通常用不定式表目的的 状语）。
1)表时间状语
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
2)表原因状语
Being ill, he didn’t go to school. (=as he was ill, he didn’t go to school.) Being a student, you should study hard. (=Since you are a student, you should study hard.)
Book 7 Unit3 Revising useful structures
3. 在want,need,require,deserve等动词习惯用 动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义, 相当于“to be done"。如： The house wants cleaning. My watch needs repairing. The way deserves mentioning. These young trees will require looking after carefully.
At the beginning of the class, the noise of desks _____ could be heard outside the classrooms.（2007 全国II） A. opened and closed B. to be opened and closed C. being opened and closed D. to open and close 【解析】根据所提供的情景课判断出在上 课的开始可以听到桌子被打开和关上的声 音。desks与open, close之间为被动关系， 且充当介词of的宾语，因此使用动词-ing形 式的被动语态。
Exercise
Rewrite the sentences with the passive –ing form.
1. The hotel which is being built now beside the park was designed by a group of young men. The hotel being built now beside the park was 2. The little by girl eventually aware designed awas group of young men. that her parents abandoned her in the mountainous village. The little girl was eventually aware of being abandoned in the mountainous village.
高中英语语法课教案全英文
高中英语语法课教案全英文篇一：高中英语语法课的教学设计人教版高中英语选修7 Unit4语法教学设计The Revision of Attributive Clauses ( I )高州市第一中学梁智群一、教材依据人教版高二教材选修7第四单元Revising useful structures部分的内容为the revision of the restributive attributive clauses。
二、教学目标根据《新课程标准》关于总目标的具体描述，结合高二学生实际和教材内容，制定相应教学目标：（一）知识与能力1、复习、理解、巩固限制性定语从句的结构及其用法；2、在真实的语境和任务完成中复习、理解、巩固限制性定语从句的结构及其用法；3、提高学生用英语获取信息、处理信息、分析和解决问题的能力，逐步培养学生用英语进行思维和表达的能力；4、培养学生自主学习、合作学习的能力。
（二）过程与方法1、采用“任务型”语言教学。
根据不同的语法内容设计不同的任务，让学生通过完成任务，在语言运用中去学习、掌握语言形式和语言规则，使学生在做中学，在做中练，在做中巩固。
2、利用真实的环境或设计模拟的情境进行语法教学，使语法教学更趋形象化、直观化、真实化和趣味化。
情景活动中的学习降低了语法学习的难度，激发了学生学习英语的积极性，使他们学得快，记得牢，用得活。
3、把某些语法教学转化为交际活动，具体设计有：（1）英文歌式通过画出英文歌中的restributive attributive clauses，使教学内容生动形象，不仅调动学生的学习兴趣，而且营造良好的课堂氛围。
（2）游戏式根据教学内容设计“接龙”游戏及猜谜游戏。
在这样的操练活动中，学生既锻炼了思维能力与快速反应能力，又加深了对所学语法现象的理解，同时使语法教学既轻松又有效。
（3）讨论式设计一些练习，让学生与同桌或小组同学相互讨论学习，激发学生学习的兴趣，增强学生对英语语言信息的使用和接受能力。
高中英语book7unit1Revising useful structures
sentences.
03
Attributive clauses
Sort out the guide words, word order, and usage of relative
clauses, and understand their functions and roles in compound
Listening to keywords
Pay attention to inflection words, conjunctions, repetition words, etc. in the listening material, which often reveal the structure and logical relationship of the article.
要点二
Dealing with the reform of …
With the continuous deepening of the reform of the college entrance examination English, there is an increasing emphasis on the examination of students' practical English proficiency. This unit aims to help students adapt to this reform trend and improve their exam taking abilities.
Develop improvement plans based on one's own shortcomings in listening, such as increasing vocabulary and improving speech recognition ability.
Unit4 Discover useful structures(教学课件)- 高中英语人教版
意为“在巴西和德国做这个手势”。
Find other examples
4. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.
➢ the -ing form used as the object; ➢ smiling…mirror在句中作动词suggest的宾语，
Learning Objectives:
1. To identify and conclude the usage of the –ing form; 2. To explain body language by using the –ing form as the object and the predicative.
Conclusion:
doing to be done
observe the –ing form as object
• mean to d★o 想要做某事
• suggest trying it again
I d•idnm’t emaneadnotionghurt you. 。
• forbid smoking
➢ the -ing form used as the object; ➢ watching their body language在句中作介词by的
宾语, 意为“（通过）观察他们的肢体语言”。
Find other examples
2. Perhaps the best example is smiling. ➢ the -ing form used as the predicative; ➢ smiling在系动词is后作表语，说明主语的内容。
Find other examples
4. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger.
➢ the -ing form used as the object; ➢ smiling…mirror在句中作动词suggest的宾语，
Learning Objectives:
1. To identify and conclude the usage of the –ing form; 2. To explain body language by using the –ing form as the object and the predicative.
Conclusion:
doing to be done
observe the –ing form as object
• mean to d★o 想要做某事
• suggest trying it again
I d•idnm’t emaneadnotionghurt you. 。
• forbid smoking
➢ the -ing form used as the object; ➢ watching their body language在句中作介词by的
宾语, 意为“（通过）观察他们的肢体语言”。
Find other examples
2. Perhaps the best example is smiling. ➢ the -ing form used as the predicative; ➢ smiling在系动词is后作表语，说明主语的内容。
人教英语选修7Unit4the Revision of Restrictive (共18张PPT)
小结：①whose 引导定语从句，只能充当定 语，其后应紧跟名词，表所属关系。
② whose 引导定语从句，其先行词可 以指人，可以指物。
③ whose的先行词指人、物时，可用of which/whom代替。 即whose+名词=the +名词+of which/whom
或者= of which/whom + the +名词
2.Do you like the way (that / in which) he speak to you .
3.The man with whom you shook hands
Just now is our headmaster.
4.This is the library from which you can
BOOK 7 Unit 4
the Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clause
一.回顾定语从句的知识概要
1.定义： 在复合句中充当定语，修饰名词或代词的从
句叫定语从句。 2.先行词（antecedent）： 被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3.关系词(relative word)及其作用： 引导定语从句的词叫关系词。其作用①在从
8.He is the man from whom I learnt the
news. 9.We have reached the point where both
sides must sit down together and talk. 10.She is the only one of the girls ——wh—o —
borrow books.
5. Do you have such books
Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版
1 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①I am honoured _t_o_d_e_l_iv_e_r__ (deliver) a speech at the opening ceremony
on behalf of our school． ②The question _to__b_e_d_i_s_c_u_s_se_d__ (discuss) tomorrow is about the pollution. ③ The book is said to _h_a_v_e_b__ee_n__t_r_a_n_sl_a_t_e_d_ (translate) into four
我会记下他的电话号码，以免忘记。
有时为了强调或突出这种目的，也可以用in order (not) to do，和so as (not) to do结构（so as to do不可以置于句首）。
2. 结果状语
① He returned home to learn his daughter had just been engaged.
5.On 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space..(作_定__语___)
Exercises 2: rewrite the sentences using “in order to/so as to + do”. Change the italicized (斜体) parts accordingly. [Textbook P42 2. (2) (4) (5) (6)]
4. Astronauts' bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy.
Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures
I.单句语法填空1. Seeing me come in, he walked over _____________(show) me his new science book.2. Our English teacher has many ways _____________(make) her class interesting.3. The doctors are busy doing what they can _____________ (save) the dying man.4. When hearing the news, the old man was too angry _____________(say) a word.5. _____________(make) it easy to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.6. He hurried to the station to see Tom off, only_____________ (find) he had already left.7. The machine is very easy ____________ (operate) . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.8. ______________(learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack decided to learn Chinese folk music.9. I have no chance_____________ (go) sightseeing with so much work to do.10. He put his photos on it for everyone ________________ (look) at.Ⅱ.写出划线部分所做成分。
Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures课件高中英语人教版
2．She was the first woman _____to___ __w_i_n____ the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
to go there to understand it
to find
¤必备语法
动词不定式作定语和状语 1．I trained for a long time __to__fl_y___ (fly) airplanes as a
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是， 这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 ②常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。
【温馨提示】在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子 的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时不定式通常用 主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须 是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词， 使之构成及物动词短语。
句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as， 但so as to不能用于句首。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
不定式的动作与句中谓语动作 — 同时发生
完成式
to have done
to have been done
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语 动作之前
她是第一个在奥运会上获得金牌的女性。
to go there to understand it
to find
¤必备语法
动词不定式作定语和状语 1．I trained for a long time __to__fl_y___ (fly) airplanes as a
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.
令我们吃惊的是， 这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。 ②常用于“主语(物)＋系动词＋形容词＋to do”结构中。
【温馨提示】在“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构中，句子 的主语和不定式构成逻辑上的动宾关系，此时不定式通常用 主动形式表示被动意义。在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须 是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词， 使之构成及物动词短语。
句末。如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as， 但so as to不能用于句首。
To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard. 为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers. 公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客。
不定式的动作与句中谓语动作 — 同时发生
完成式
to have done
to have been done
不定式的动作发生在句中谓语 动作之前
Unit4DiscoveringUsefulStructures定语从句课件-高中英语人教版
4) I’m painting a house, the roof o_f__w_h_i_c_h______ is
round.
I’m painting a house whose roof
5) They live inisa..h.ouse ,__w__h_o_s_e__ windows which
4. The book (that you want) is on the desk.
主句 The book is on the desk.
从句的主语: you
从句的宾语：that
引导定语从句的关系代词常见的有that, which,who whom等。关系代词放在先行词和定语从句之间， 起连接作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成份。
that,which,whom在定语从句中作宾语时，可省去。
1) A plane is a machine _w__h_ic_h_/_th_a_t_______ can fly. 2) The car _w__h_ic_h_/_th_a_t_/ _/ _/ ___________ my uncle
bought last week was stolen. 3) The students _w__h_o_/t_h_a_t ________ don’t study hard will not pass the exam.
They live in a house, the windows_____
_o_f _w_h_i_c_h__ face south.
through whose from whom
with whom of whom
of whom
in which in which
8. The 5 yuan__fo_r__w_h_i_ch_____ he bought the book was
Unit4Discoverusefulstructures课件高中英语人教版选择性
The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is 作表语
appropriate to the culture you are in. (P38, L5)
1. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. (P39, L3)
3. We intended to visit the theme park but ended up _c_a_l_li_n_g_ (call) on Professor Zhang.
4. We should insist on _p_r_a_c_t_ic_i_n_g_ (practice) our spoken English on a
1. On _a_r_r_iv_i_n_g__ (arrive), we set about _c_l_im__b_i_n_g__ (climb) in groups.
2. By _b_o_w_i_n_g_ (bow), we mean “bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”.
如果句中已有谓语动词且无连词连接则要用 非谓语动词
doing 主动、进行 done 被动、完成、状态 to do 目的、将来
表语
宾语
定语
主语
V-ing的 句法功能
宾语补 足语
完成句子。
1. _E_a_t_in_g__to_o__m__u_c_h_ (吃太多) is bad for your health. 2. _T_a_lk_i_n_g_ (谈话) is easier than doing. 3. It’s a waste of time _a_r_g_u_i_n_g_ (argue) about it. 4. My sister’s _b_e_in_g__il_l (生病) made we worried.
appropriate to the culture you are in. (P38, L5)
1. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. (P39, L3)
3. We intended to visit the theme park but ended up _c_a_l_li_n_g_ (call) on Professor Zhang.
4. We should insist on _p_r_a_c_t_ic_i_n_g_ (practice) our spoken English on a
1. On _a_r_r_iv_i_n_g__ (arrive), we set about _c_l_im__b_i_n_g__ (climb) in groups.
2. By _b_o_w_i_n_g_ (bow), we mean “bending our head or body forward as a sign of respect or shame”.
如果句中已有谓语动词且无连词连接则要用 非谓语动词
doing 主动、进行 done 被动、完成、状态 to do 目的、将来
表语
宾语
定语
主语
V-ing的 句法功能
宾语补 足语
完成句子。
1. _E_a_t_in_g__to_o__m__u_c_h_ (吃太多) is bad for your health. 2. _T_a_lk_i_n_g_ (谈话) is easier than doing. 3. It’s a waste of time _a_r_g_u_i_n_g_ (argue) about it. 4. My sister’s _b_e_in_g__il_l (生病) made we worried.
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（二）关系副词的用法：
1、when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的 先 行 词 通 常 有 ： time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Lincoln was born?
1.I’ll never forget the days ______________ when / in which we worked together. which we spent together. 2.I’ll never forget the days _________ 3.I went to the place where / in whichI worked ten years ago. which 4.I went to the place __________ I visited ten years ago. why / for which he was late. 5.This is the reason _________________
3. The prize will go to the writer _____ C story shows the most imagination. （2011 全国I） A. that B. which C. whose D. what 4. She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ____ A allows them to communicate freely with each other. （2011福建） A. which B. where C. what D. who
地点 时间 原因 定语 状语 状语 状语
注：介词提前时关系代词只用which和whom
二、关系词的用法 （一）关系代词的用法：
1、作主语用who, which和that。如： He is the man who / that lives next door. The train which / that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2、作宾语用whom, who, which, that。 如： The man (whom / who / that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which / that) I bought last week?
9. (2013福建) The book tells stories of the A earthquake through the eyes of those ____ lives were affected. A. whose B. that C. who D. which 10. (2013江西) He wrote a letter ______ C he explains what had happened in the accident. A. what B. which C. where D. how
6.This is the reason ____________ that /which he gave.
高考真题
B more information 1.We live in an age _____ is available with greater ease than ever before. （2012 浙江） A. why B. when C. to whom D. on which 2. Care of the soul is a gradual process D even the small details of life should _____ be considered. （2012 湖南） A. what B. in what C. which D. in which
4 、作表语只用 that ，既可以指人，也可 以指物。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
用that引导定语从句的情况： 1）序数词或最高级形容词修饰先行词时，要 用that。 The first English novel that I read was A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens. 2) all, everything, nothing, something, anything 等不定代词作先行词时用that。 Everything that we saw in the factory greatly interested us.
注：在非正式文体中，关系代词作宾语
时，用于指人的who whom, that和用于
指物的which和that通常可以省略；但
在介词提前时,或在非限定性定语从句
中，关系代词即使作宾语也不可省略。
3、作定语用whose。如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time.
2. 引导定语从句的关系代词有：which, that, who, whom和whose。其作用是：引导定语从 句；代替先行词；在定语从句中充当一定成分。 3. 引导定语从句的关系副词有：where, when, why等，相当于“介词+关系代词”。
先行词 先行词 是物 是人 主 宾 主 宾 which that 关系 who 代词 whom whose where 关系 when 副词 why
5) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子 中，要用that。 Whoever that is content with a little progress can’t make big achievements. 6) 关系代词在定语从句中作表语只用that。 He is no longer the man that he used to be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be.
7. The girl arranged to have piano lessons at the training centre with her sister ______ A she would stay for an hour. （2010 江西） A. where B. who C. which D. what 8. That’s the new machine ______ C parts are too small to be seen. （2010 山东） A. that B. which C. whose D. what
3 、 why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason。 That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why时常也可以省略。如： That is the real rtences with the correct pronouns.
注：“whose +名词”这一结构在定语从句中 既能作主语（如上 a 句），又能作宾语（如 上b句）；可以与of which 结构互换，词序是： “名词+of which”。如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) He’s written a book the name of which I’ve completely forgotten. (= whose name)
Revising useful structure
The Restrictive Attributive Clause
Revision of Restrictive Attributive Clause
1. 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语 从句，被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。限定性 定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主 句的意思往往不明确或不完整；而非限定性定 语从句和主句的关系不密切，去掉定语从句， 句子的意思仍然完整。
3) 先行词既指人又指物时，要用that。 We were talking about the persons and things that we remembered in our school. 4) 先行词前有the only, the very, the right, the same等修饰时，要用that。 It is the very skirt that suits me well.
注：when时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型 和某些时间状语中。例如： Each time he came, he did his best to help us. But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill.
2 、 where 指地点，在从句中作地点状语。它的 先行词通常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country等，如： This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注：where有时也可以省略。如： This is the place (where) we met yesterday.