2017高考英语语法填空专项训练资料讲解

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2017年高考英语全国卷I--语法填空答案及详解

2017年高考英语全国卷I--语法填空答案及详解

第二节(共10小题;每小题 1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67(be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possibleto have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.翻译:最近,在食品服务业方面有一种朝着低脂肪和少盐的趋势。

2017高考大题冲关秘笈高考英语语法填空:解题技巧含答案

2017高考大题冲关秘笈高考英语语法填空:解题技巧含答案

第一部分有提示词题目的解题技巧有提示词题目是指"使用括号中词语的正确形式填空"这类题,近年来的高考题只考查谓语动词的时态和被动语态、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级、词类转化等四种情况。

专题一谓语动词【考点】谓语时态主动被动一般现在时do/does am/is/are done现在完成时have/has done have/has been done现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done一般过去时did was/were done过去完成时had done had been done过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done一般将来时will do will be done过去将来时would do would be done【解题技巧】当句子缺少谓语动词时,括号中的动词就是谓语动词。

此时,要根据语境确定用哪种时态,根据主语与该动词的主动或被动关系确定用主动语态还是用被动语态。

具体解题技巧如下:第一步:确定句中是否缺谓语或并列谓语,如缺谓语动词,则填谓语动词。

第二步:若为谓语动词,就要看主语与谓语之间是主动关系还是被动关系,以确定用主动语态还是被动语态,同时还要根据语境考虑用哪种时态。

第三步:要注意主谓一致。

【典型例析】1.He ______(pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice.【解析】在主语He后,pretend显然是谓语动词;giving it(the tiger)a voice的主语应当是He, 因此,and giving与谓语动词是并列关系;由此推断,谓语动词应是过去进行时,故填was pretending。

【答案】was pretending2.One day, Nick invited his friends to supper. He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen. Suddenly, he________ (find) that he had run out of salt.【解析】在主语he后,find显然为谓语动词;由前面句意可知,此处为一般过去时,故填found。

2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨

2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨

2017上海高考英语语法填空解题点拨2017上海高考英语学科改革,推出语法填空新题型.这种题型能全面检测学生在英语词汇、语法,甚至是句法上的运用能力,能更科学地反映学生的英语综合水平。

本题型分两种情况:一种为已给单词提示,一种为不给单词提示。

试题结构由原来的A,B2篇16分改变成一篇10分。

继续体现了“重词汇,轻语法”的思想,但语法还是在整个高中英语教学和测试中起着重要作用。

一、已给单词提示题型的技巧:此类题可以考查学生对动词、形容词副词等形式变化的掌握程度。

技巧一:动词形式变化。

动词的形式变化比较多,有谓语的变化(时态、语态、语气、情态动词),有非谓语的变化(不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词)。

学生复习时需要花一定的功夫对动词部分的语法知识进行一次全面复习。

例1:A () .句中的是整句的谓语,所以横线所在的动词应当用作非谓语。

从可以看出,报告是“将来”作的,故用不定式;且报告是动作的承受者,故可以判断出横线所在处用的不定式被动式——。

知识体系:时态:考纲要求的11种时态谓语动词语态:主动语态和被动语态过去分词动词情态动词动词不定式一般式、进行式、完成式主动与被动非谓语动词动名词一般式、完成式主动与被动现在分词一般式、完成式主动与被动分词过去分词技巧二:形容词、副词比较级变化。

英语中大部分形容词和副词都有原级、比较级和最高级的变化。

形容词、分词在上海试卷中只改变比较级最高级。

构成比较级和最高级的方式,或通过加后缀一和.,或在词加/和/,且形容词的绝对最高级还要冠以。

例3:I () ..此题后句交代了是班上最高的学生,那“我”肯定比他矮,所以不能用,只能用表示程度不如的“ ”。

知识体系:原级构成比较级(在形容词或副词后加或在前面加)注意不规则变化最高级(在形容词或副词后加或在前面加)形容词副词比较等级同级比较比较级基本句型最高级其它特殊用法二、未给单词提示题型的技巧:此类题难度较大,但也是有方法对付的。

2017年高考英语全国卷I--语法填空答案与详解

2017年高考英语全国卷I--语法填空答案与详解

第二节(共10 小题;每小题 1.5 分,满分15 分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community (医学界)61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side62(effect) such as overweight and heart disease— the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required63(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food67(be) full of fat and salt; by68(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心 ) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be69(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possibleto have too much of both,70is not good for the health.翻译:最近,在食品服务业方面有一种朝着低脂肪和少盐的趋势。

2017年高考英语备考 优生百日闯关系列专题02 语法填空(二)-语法复习(含解析)

2017年高考英语备考 优生百日闯关系列专题02 语法填空(二)-语法复习(含解析)

专题2 语法填空(二)——语法复习方法与知识优等生基本没有知识的问题,所以优等生的备考冲刺重点在于:1.梳理正确的做题方法和技巧;2.精选难度适中的训练题。

动词的时态和语态命题规律时态与语态一直是热点,也是广大考生复习备考的难点。

考纲要求考生应该具备较强的语言应用能力,能在具体语境中恰当、准确地使用某一特定时态;熟练掌握常见的8种时态,弄清16种时态,同时还要熟练运用特殊时态句式和用法以及不用被动式但表示被动的动词和短语。

高考对时态的考查非常灵活且难度较大,不易把握。

大部分时态题答案的选择取决于语境;但也有部分时态试题较易把握,其用法相对固定,常见于特定句式结构中;还有部分常见时态用法特殊。

时态和语态高考常考点:(1)一般现在时考点分析:①表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)。

②表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。

③表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see、hear、smell、taste、feel、notice、agree、believe、like、hate、want、think、belong seem等。

④在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。

但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。

⑤少数用于表示起止的动词如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、return、start、begin、pen、close、end、stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。

当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。

(2)一般过去时的考点分析:①一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。

2017年高考英语语法填空专训-34-套(含解析)

2017年高考英语语法填空专训-34-套(含解析)

语法填空测试题1阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的浯法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

字数:135 时间:7分钟难度:※※※Chen Ping and his sister Chen Ying dreamed about taking a great bike trip since middle school. After 31 (graduate) from college, they finally got the chance to make their dream come 32 (truth). His sister 33 (think) of the idea to cycle 34 the Mekong River. They also made 35 cousins interested in cycling. Wang Wei stuck to the idea 36 they found the source and began their journey there. When she heard that the source of the Mekong River is 37 Qinghai Province, she wouldn't change her mind. She even felt 38 (excite) when she knew that their journey would begin at 39 altitude of more than 5,000 meters. Before the trip they found a large atlas in the library, from 40 they knew clearly about the Mekong River. 31.graduadon 32.true 33.thought 34.along 35.their 36.that 37.in 38.excited 39.an 40.which 本文讲的是王坤和他姐姐要沿湄公河做自行车旅行的计划:31.graduadon在介词后作宾语,要用名词形式:32.true意思是梦想实现,表示“实现”用come true:33.thought 因上下文都是叙述过去的事,用一般过去式:34.along表示“沿着”,用介词along:35.their-指王坤和他姐姐王薇他们两个人的表兄弟。

(完整word版)2017年高考英语全国卷I--语法填空答案及详解

(完整word版)2017年高考英语全国卷I--语法填空答案及详解

第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64 (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65 result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66 (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt; by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69 (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health.翻译:最近,在食品服务业方面有一种朝着低脂肪和少盐的趋势。

(完整版)2017高考全国卷1语法填空解析

(完整版)2017高考全国卷1语法填空解析

2017年全国卷1语法填空试题第一时间解析By Chen MingThere has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt。

This trend,which was started by the medical community (医学界) 61 a method of fighting heart disease,has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease————the very thing the medical community was trying to fight。

Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet。

They are required 63 (process) the food that we eat,to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions。

When fat and salt 64 (remove) from the food,the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 65 result,people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing。

Even 66 (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up。

Fast food 67 (be) full of fat and salt;by 68 (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet。

2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结(含标准答案

2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结(含标准答案

2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结(含答案)一、名词的数语法填空1. (2017 全国 I 卷 62) Thistrend, ...,has had someunintended side62 (effect) suchas overweight and heart disease—the very thingthemedical community was trying to fight.解析:effects表示“一些意料外的副作用”,故用复数。

2. (2017全国II 卷 61) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowedpeople toavoid terrible61 (crowd) onthe roads...解析:crowds避免拥挤的人群。

3. (2017 全国III卷 67) She has turneddownseveral 67 (invitation)to star at showsin order to concentrate onherstudies.解析:invitations由前面的several可知,要用复数形式。

短文改错left!”解析:word-*words后面有并列的三句话,故word用复数words。

net.解析:informations-information因information是不可数名词,没有复数形式。

二、代词阅读理解Some of the world’smost famous musicians recently gatheredin Paris andNewOrleans to celebrate thefirst annual InternationalJazz Day...Despite the celebrations, though,inthe U.S. thejazz audience continues to shrink andgrow older,and themusic hasfailedto connect with younger generations.r jazz, Moranhopes to widen the audience for jazz,make the music more accessible,and preserve itshistory and culture.29.What does theunderlinedword “that”inParagraph 3 referto?A. Jazz becoming more accessible.B. Theproduction of jazzgrowing faster.C. Jazzbeing less popular with theyoung.D. The jazz audience becoming larger.解析:指代前句中即前一段的最后一句中的the music hasfailedto connect6with younger generati ons,比较各选项,只有C正确。

2017年全国高考英语III试题解析之一(语法填空)

2017年全国高考英语III试题解析之一(语法填空)

2017年全国高考英语III试题解析之一(语法填空)第二节 (共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh-faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to challenge of her new A-level course .But unlike school friends,16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term 41 (rest) Instead, she is earning $6500 a day as 42 model in New York.Sarah 43 (tell) that she could be Britain’s new super model earning a million dollars in the new year. Her father Peter 44 , want her to give up school to model full time But Sarah, 44 has taken part in shows along with top models wants 45 (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty she is determined to carry on with her 46 (educate).She has turned down several 47 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to universityto get a degree 48 engineering or architecture.Sarah says, "My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 49 (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 50 (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model my more."此文是一篇记叙文。

2017届高考英语-语法填空(讲)-专题练习(一)及答案解析

2017届高考英语-语法填空(讲)-专题练习(一)及答案解析

2017届高考英语专题练习(一)语法填空(讲)The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use)twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop)of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.考点一冠词、代词、介词等小品词(1)冠词【例1】The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, 70 other is with mum-she never suspects.【例2】Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.【变式精练】1.The doctor put 46 operation mirror on his head and had to kneel down in order to get a proper angle for him to see the 47 (injure)part of the girl′s mouth.2.I have recently returned from 61 extended 26-day trip to China.(2)代词【例1】On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by 68 (it)mother. 【例2】Then the driver stoop up and asked, “ 68anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?” A woman on the bus shouted, Oh dear “It is 69 (I)”. She pushed her way to the driver and to the little boy.【变式精练】To gain perspective, you may want to write a letter to 70 (you)from that person’s point of view.(3)介词【例1】But my connection with pandas goes back 64 my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. 【例2】Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.【变式精练】On this blog(博客)I will be posting a travel journal 70 photographs and drawings. Marked on the map are the cities and villages I visited while in China.考点二连接词【例1】Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.【例2】Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks.2017届高考英语专题练习(一)语法填空(讲)答案1.61.Attraction 62.was allowed 63.Officially 64.To 65.When 66.Permitted 67.Introducing 68.Its 69.Days 70.the2.41.Greater 42.Achievement 43.Is 44.On 45.as 46.Studies 47.Regularly 48.A 49.to bring 50.make 3.41.And 42.be made 43.to create 44.Using 45.as/when 46.Gradually 47.Who 48.Development 49.Were 50.with (1)冠词【例1】70.The 【例2】a【变式精练】1.46.An 47.Injured 2.an(2)代词【例1】its 【例2】69.mine/me【变式精练】yourself(3)介词【例1】to 【例2】on【变式精练】with考点二连接词【例1】as/when 【例2】who 【例3】as 【例4】that/which 【变式精练】but考点三时态、语态、语气【例1】was allowed 【例2】were 【例3】arrived 【例4】goes【变式精练】was walking考点四非谓语动词【例1】66.Permitted 67.Introducing 【例2】49.to bring【例3】to create 【例4】using 【例5】conducted 【例6】70.living 【例7】61.Built 【例8】64.Using 【例9】to reduce【变式精练】1.to help 2.making考点五形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换【例1】officially 【例2】regularly 【例3】gradually 【例4】regularly 【例5】actually 【例6】cleaner 【例7】68.Amazing 70.patient 【变式精练】1.negatively2.weekly3.78.extremely2017届高考英语专题练习(一)语法填空(讲)解析1.63.officially考查副词. 修饰动词用副词形式.64.to 考查介词. 固定短语:go back to “回到”.65.when考查定语从句. 后面是非限制性定语从句, 从句缺少状语, 因为先行词是时间, 故填when. 66.permitted 考查过去分词. 被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系, 用过去分词.67.introducing考查动名词. 介词后面应该用动名词形式.68.its考查代词. 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词, 故填its.69.days考查名词复数. Few修饰复数名词.2.43.is 考查句子结构和主谓一致. 本句中单个动名词短语“Leaving. . . . . tomorrow”在句中做主语, 谓语动词使用单数形式, 所以使用is.44.on 考查固定搭配. 形容词短语be focused on集中于. . . . ;很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中.45.as 考查固定搭配. 短语as. . . as. . . . 和. . . 一样;正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中, 所以我们要早起, 要和午饭之前一样的高效率.46.studies 考查名词单复数. 本句的谓语动词是show, 说明主语是复数名词studies.47.regualrly 考查副词. 在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词, 形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词. 所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks.48.a 考查固定短语. 介词短语for a while一会;本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情, 让你的身体和思维休息一会.49.to bring 考查形容词短语. 形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事;你就不太可能把工作带回家去做, 因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情.50. make 考查祈使句. 本句中动词短语make sure放在句首, 构成祈使句. 句意:要保证它是让你释放压力, 而不是让你担忧的事.3.【解析】试题分析:本题主要考查词法和句法知识, 集中考查了词性转换, 并列句, 定语从句, 状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识.41.and考查并列连词. 这里列举了一些亚洲的国家, 它们是并列关系, 故填anD.42.be made考查固定词组. sth be made of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属. …某物由. . . . . . 制成, 情态动词后跟动词原形, 故填be made.43.to create考查不定式作目的状语. 技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来, 以创造出特殊风格的筷子. 这里用不定式表目的, 故填to create.44.using考查现在分词作伴随状语. 人们可能使用大锅煮食物, 用树枝把锅移开, use的逻辑主语是people, 两者是主动关系, 用现在分词表示伴随状况, 故填using.45.as/when考查时间状语从句. 句意:随着人口的增长, 人们开始把食物切成小块, 这样可以煮得快一点, 这里是时间状语从句, when意为“当……时候”, 后跟长动作或短动作, 故填as/when.46.gradually考查副词. 副词修饰动词或形容词, 这里修饰动词短语turned into, 应该用副词, 故填gradually. 47.who考查非限制性定语从句. 剧中有逗号, 说明是非限制性定语从句, 先行词是Confucius孔子, 定语从句缺少主语, 且指人, 故填who.48.development考查词性转换. the+名词+of, 意为“……的……”, 这里指“筷子的发展”, 故填development.考点:名词;介词;副词;并列连词;非谓语动词;定语从句;状语从句ks5u考点一冠词、代词、介词等小品词(1)冠词【例1】【例2】【解析】考查定冠词. 固定短语. 介词短语for a while一会;本句是指通过锻炼或做一些你喜欢的事情, 让你的身体和思维休息一会.【变式精练】【解析】考查不定冠词. 46.an operation以元音开头, 故填an. 47.injured 句意:看到受伤的部分. 形容词修饰名词, 故填injureD.2.【解析】考查冠词. 本句中名词trip是可数名词, 使用不定冠词an泛指在中国26天的旅行.(2)代词【例1】【解析】考查代词. its考查代词. 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词, 故填its.【例2】【变式精练】【解析】考查反身代词. 由于主语为you, 给自己写一封信, 因此用yourself.(3)介词【例1】【解析】考查介词. 固定短语:go back to “回到”.【例2】【变式精练】【解析】考查介词. 介词with表示“有, 配有”, 本句中介词短语“with photographs and drawings”作为定语修饰名词短语a travel journal.考点二连接词【例1】【解析】考查时间状语从句. 句意:随着人口的增长, 人们开始把食物切成小块, 这样可以煮得快一点, 这里是时间状语从句, when意为“当……时候”, 后跟长动作或短动作, 故填as/when.【例2】【解析】考查非限制性定语从句. 剧中有逗号, 说明是非限制性定语从句, 先行词是Confucius孔子, 定语从句缺少主语, 且指人, 故填who.【例3】【解析】考查固定搭配. 短语as. . . as. . . . 和. . . 一样;正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中, 所以我们要早起, 要和午饭之前一样的高效率. ks5u【例4】【解析】考查连接词. 这里habit是先行词, 指物, 后面定语从句中缺少主语, 因此用关系代词that/which引导.【变式精练】考点三时态、语态、语气【例1】【解析】考查时态和语态. 根据句意可知作者是被允许走近这些动物, be allowed to do sth“被允许做某事”.【例2】【解析】考查时态. 根据句意可知, 这里指的是刀子因太暴力而不适合在餐桌上使用, believed后跟一个宾语从句, and连接了两个并列的谓语, 主语knives是复数, 根据时态一致的原则, 这里用一般过去时, 故填were.【例3】【解析】考查时态. 根据主句中was和后一句中的didn’t的可知此处应用一般过去时.【例4】【解析】考查时态. 根据上下文, 此处用一般现在时态. 这种循环日复一日.【变式精练】考点四非谓语动词【例1】【解析】66.permitted 考查过去分词. 被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系, 用过去分词. 67.introducing考查动名词. 介词后面应该用动名词形式.【例2】【解析】考查形容词短语. 形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事;你就不太可能把工作带回家去做, 因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情.【例3】【解析】考查不定式作目的状语. 技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来, 以创造出特殊风格的筷子. 这里用不定式表目的, 故填to create.【例4】【解析】考查现在分词作伴随状语. 人们可能使用大锅煮食物, 用树枝把锅移开, use的逻辑主语是people, 两者是主动关系, 用现在分词表示伴随状况, 故填using.【例5】【解析】考查非谓语动词. 句意:一项网站所进行的调查. 过去分词作后置定语, 表示被动关系.【例6】【例7】【解析】考查非谓语动词. 过去分词作后置定语.【例8】【解析】考查非谓语动词. 介词without后接动名词, use去掉字母e再加-ing.【例9】【变式精练】1.【解析】the way to do sth. 做某事的方法. 此处是动词不定式作后置定语, 故填to help. 2.【解析】考查非谓语动词. When it comes to sth. /doing sth. “当谈到……”, to是介词, 后面接名词或动名词. 考点五形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换【例1】【解析】考查副词. 修饰动词用副词形式.【例2】【解析】考查副词. 在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词, 形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词. 所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks.【例3】【解析】考查副词. 副词修饰动词或形容词, 这里修饰动词短语turned into, 应该用副词, 故填gradually.【例4】【解析】考查副词. 句意:定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方. 修饰动词, 用副词修饰.【例5】【解析】考查副词. cheerful与optimistic两个形容词并列作rabbit.【例6】【例7】【解析】考查形容词. 68空应用形容词, 修饰后面的名词. amazing“令人吃惊的”, 一般修饰物. 70空前面有系动词be, 故该空用形容词.【变式精练】1.【解析】考查副词. 在英语中副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词. 而形容词通常做定语和表语. 本句中使用副词negatively修饰动词短语affect a person’s physical or mental health. ks5u2.【解析】句意:通过新学期每周的篮球课, 故填weekly.3.【解析】考查副词. 副词修饰形容词, 故填extremely, “极其地”.。

2017年高考语法填空题知识讲解

2017年高考语法填空题知识讲解

1.(2017.湖南)阅读下面短文,在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界)1.______a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 2.______(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They arerequired3.______(process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt4.______(remove) from food, the food tastes as if is missing something. As 5.______result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 6.______(bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 7.______(be) full of fat and salt; by 8.______(eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 9.______(care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 10.______is not good for the health.分析本文讲述了医学界引领了一种低脂少盐的食品业潮流,谁知却带来了违背初衷的副作用--超重和心脏病.原来是因为脂肪和盐是人体消化食物所需的成分,没有了它们,人们就会因此吃更多的东西来弥补,而且会吃更多垃圾食品.因此我们需要适当摄入脂肪和盐分,但也不要太多,否则也不利于健康.分析本文讲述了医学界引领了一种低脂少盐的食品业潮流,谁知却带来了违背初衷的副作用--超重和心脏病.原来是因为脂肪和盐是人体消化食物所需的成分,没有了它们,人们就会因此吃更多的东西来弥补,而且会吃更多垃圾食品.因此我们需要适当摄入脂肪和盐分,但也不要太多,否则也不利于健康。

2017高考英语语法填空讲解及练习题(附答案)

2017高考英语语法填空讲解及练习题(附答案)

2017高考英语语法填空讲解及练习题(附答案)语法填空考纲解读语法填空最初是由广东省自行设计的一种新题型,但是现在越来越多的省市开始采用,它具有一定的创新意义。

主要的创新在于:在语篇层面上考查语言知识,符合新课标倡导的语言学习理念;试题设计采用了填空方式,而不是单项选择,真正激活了学生的语言知识及应用能力,对中学英语教学有较好的反拨作用;考试内容不仅涉及句子的语法结构,还包括构词法、篇章连贯和意义对句子结构的制约作用(比如:代词的指称涉及篇章的连贯等), 符合语言真实性的要求,让学生在更加真实的语境中应用自己的语言知识。

主要考查的知识点:一是语法,二是上下文的连贯性,而且语法是重点。

它主要考查考生对高中英语大纲要求的基本语法知识、词汇、习语和较为简单的英语表达方式的掌握和逻辑推理能力等。

其命题特点如下:1. 短文长度。

在150—200词,其中2009年高考题是220词,2010年高考题是182词,2011年高考题是215词。

2. 考查篇章理解。

语法填空是以短文为载体,考查语法的同时,也考查了考生对语篇的理解。

3. 考查基础语法。

所填词语既要意思连贯和富有逻辑性(符合语境), 又要语法正确。

重点考查动词、代词、介词、冠词、词类转换等基础知识。

4.命题形式。

(1)给出提示词题型:填实义词——用括号里所给词的适当形式填空。

主要提供的是动词、形容词、名词三大类,考生需要根据语境写出正确的词形,一般有3个小题。

包括动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词,形容词和副词的比较等级,名词的单复数,以及词类或词义的转换等。

(2)纯空格题型:填功能词——空后没给词,要求考生根据文意、上下文连贯性和行文逻辑,填入一个恰当的词,包括代词、介词、限定词(冠词、物主代词、指示代词等)、连词、时间及地点副词等。

语法填空应试点睛语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文,然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。

做题要求:一是在空格处填入适当的词;二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。

(word完整版)2017高考英语语法填空题解题技巧

(word完整版)2017高考英语语法填空题解题技巧

2017全国高考英语新题型语法填空题解题技巧In structor: Adam Pan语法填空解密(基础篇)语法填空只有十个空,加上还没有选项,那么语法填空要考察的东西会比较有限,这样就形成了一定有规律的东西,未必就比语法选择题难做。

语法填空考察形式有两种:有提示词、无提示词。

童鞋们最头疼的应该是没有提示词的吧,基础差的童鞋连句子成分都搞不清,根本没有做题思路。

那么我们就先从没有提示词的入手,让语法小白们享受一下虐题的快感。

第一部分:无提示词先看以下例句:what I like.I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing这些句子是一样的,我只是想通过这种方式给大家一个直观的感受。

标黄色的部分就是通常要考察的部分,也就是说一个句子通常会有七个位置的考点,这些位置考察的内容比较固定,我们逐个分析。

(以下行文中“― 简称为空”)无提示考点一:(代词主格)____ met him in a shop which sells fruit whe n I was see ing what I like.要填的是句子的主语,主语通常由名词或代词充当,如果没有任何提示,不可能填名词,只能根据上下文的内容填代词。

代词通常要看空”之前的部分。

比如:The boy likes football. ________ often playsfootball after school.根据上下文的意思,要填的代词只能指代空”前面的theboy,所以此空填He。

但代词中有一个特例“it ”既可以向前指代,也可以向后指代,如果空”后面有be +名词或形容词+ to do或that从句的时候,那么这个空”基本就是填it 了。

例如:_________ is easy to finish the homework. 或_______________________ isa good choice that you decide to go there. 这两道题都填it。

word完整版2017高考英语语法填空题解题技巧

word完整版2017高考英语语法填空题解题技巧

全国高考英语新题型语法填空题解题技巧2017Instructor: Adam Pan语法填空解密(基础篇)语法填空只有十个空,加上还没有选项,那么语法填空要考察的东西会比较有限,这样就形成了一定有规律的东西,未必就比语法选择题难做。

语法填空考察形式有两种:有提示词、无提示词。

童鞋们最头疼的应该是没有提示词的吧,基础差的童鞋连句子成分都搞不清,根本没有做题思路。

那么我们就先从没有提示词的入手,让语法小白们享受一下虐题的快感。

第一部分:无提示词先看以下例句:I met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like.这些句子是一样的,我只是想通过这种方式给大家一个直观的感受。

标黄色的部分就是通常要考察的部分,也就是说一个句子通常会有七个位置的考点,这些位置考察的内容比较固定,我们逐个分析。

(以下行文中“____”被简称为“空”。

)无提示考点一:(代词主格)_____ met him in a shop which sells fruit when I was seeing what I like. 要填的是句子的主语,主语通常由名词或代词充当,如果没有任何提示,不可能填名词,只能根据上下文的内容填代词。

代词通常要看“空”之前的部分。

比如:The boy likes football. ____ often playsfootball after school. 根据上下文的意思,要填的代词只能指代“空”前面的theboy,所以此空填He。

但代词中有一个特例“it”。

it既可以向前指代,也可以向后指代,如果“空”后面有be + 名词或形容词 + to do或that从句的时候,那么这个“空”基本就是填it了。

例如:_____ is easy to finish the homework. 或_____ isa good choice that you decide to go there.这两道题都填it。

高考英语-语法填空+阅读理解+书面表达-专题练习(含答案解析)

高考英语-语法填空+阅读理解+书面表达-专题练习(含答案解析)

2017届高考英语专题练习(十五)语法填空+阅读理解+书面表达Ⅰ.语法填空AMany kinds of music can stir the 1.________ (imagine) and produce strong feelings. For some people, romantic composers such as Chopin and Tchaikovsky enhance(提高) feelings of love and sympathy. Religious and spiritual 2.________ can help some people feel peace or ease their pain. But one musician seems to have a unique ability of healing the human body — Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Scientists have found Mozart's music to be remarkable in its ability 3.________ (calm) its listeners. It can also increase their perceptions(感知力), and help them express themselves more clearly.Many amazing cases have been documented using Mozart as a healing aid. For example, a tiny premature(不成熟的) baby 4.________ (name) Krissy, who weighed just 1.5pounds at birth, was on total life support. Doctors thought she had little chance of survival. Her mother insisted 5.________ playing Mozart for Krissy, and thought 6.________ saved her daughter's life. Krissy lived, 7.________ she was very small for her age and slower than the average child. At the age of four, she showed an 8.________ in music and her parents gave her violin lessons.To their astonishment, Krissy was able to play musical pieces from memory that 9.________ far beyond the ability of a four-year-old child. 10.________ (play) music helped her improve in all areas of her life.BKing: Now, Mr. Martin. I've just read your own doctor's report. So you haven't been feeling very well 1.________ (late); is that right?Martin: It's……it's my leg, doctor. My right leg. I keep 2.________ (get) a strange pain in it.King: Could you tell me what the pain is like?Martin: It's like…like boiling water running down my leg. It's been getting 3.________ (bad) lately, too. I've been losing sleep.King: You mean the pain 4.________ (keep) you awake?Martin: Yes, that's right. It's been keeping me awake.King: Now, tell me, how 5.________ have you had this trouble?Martin: The pain? For about a year now.King: Hmm…Have you been getting tired lately 6.________ you have had a walk? For example, have you been short 7.________ breathe, perhaps?Martin: Why, yes! Yes, I have, doctor!King: Hmm……I think we'd better give you 8.________ few tests here in the hospital.Martin: Do you think it's serious, doctor?King: Probably not.Martin: But…Doctor Cook, my local doctor, thinks it's only 9.________ I've been working too hard lately.King: That could be the reason. Don't worry. We'll soon 10.________ out what the reason is.Ⅱ.阅读理解ALondon — A British man posted photos of the new Iranian owners of his stolen laptop online — after installing a piece of software that tracked the gadget's location.Dom del Torto, a London-based film animator, lost his iPad and MacBook Pro when his home in Holloway Road was burgled in February.However, an app he installed prior to the theft meant that a month later he received an email saying the laptop was in Iran. Hidden App, which takes pictures using the laptop's built-in camera, also supplied Mr. Del Torto with images of a woman, without a headscarf in a grey-walled room.He called the local police burglary squad(小组), who had previously dusted for fingerprints to no avail, and supplied them with details of the laptop's new location.Police told him that, at 3, 400 miles away, Tehran was some distance outside of their jurisdiction(司法权). He could have reported it to Interpol, but it would have been a low-priority case. It may not have even been investigated for several years. Without any real hope of getting it back, he published the photographs on a Tumblr blog, called Dom's Laptop Is in Iran, as an “amusing story for my friends to enjoy”.But Mr. Del Torto removed the images after being contacted by the Iranian family in question. They said they had bought the laptop in good faith, were upset by the story and were keen to return the device.“As the story circulated, I started to receive messages from concerned individuals warning of privacy issues and the possible harm and distress the blog may cause the people in the photos,” he wrote.“Then one of the people in the photos contacted me and asked me to remove the pictures. They were very upset.” Mr. Del Torto has now allowed the family to keep th e laptop “given the huge error of judgment” he made in “failing to respect their privacy”.1.How did Dom del Torto know the location of his stolen laptop?________A.Through an email from a friend in Iran.B.Through a software he installed in his laptop.C.Through the evidence given by the police.D.Through some photos on the web.2.Mr. Del Torto has now allowed the family to keep the laptop because ________.A.the family have apologized to him.B.the family explained how they got the laptop.C.the family much need the laptop.D.he is sorry for harming the privacy of the family.3.What do we know about the new owners of the laptop?________A.They stole the laptop from Dom del Torto.B.They didn't know the laptop was a stolen one.C.They refused to return the laptop.D.They were angry with Dom del Torto's posts.4.Which of the following could be the best title for the text?________A.Stolen Laptop Was Found.B.The Use of Hidden App.C.The Story of a Stolen Laptop.D.Stolen Laptop Spied on New Owners.BIt's a question we often think over, especially as we age: how many years do I have left? Thanks to Brazilian physician Claudio Gil Araujo, there's now a simple test you can perform right at home, in just a few seconds, that could predict how many years you have left to live.Araujo came up with the test after noticing that many of his patients, especially older ones, often have difficulty with simple feats of balance and strength, such as picking something up off the floor, or getting up out of a chair. Since balance and conditioning problems are known to aggravate the risk of dangerous falls and accidents, which might add chances to death, he wondered if a patient's flexibility, balance and strength could be used as a measure for life expectancy(寿命).Of course, the test also needed to be simple. If it required expensive equipment or measuring devices, the test probably wouldn't be accessible to many people. So Araujo developed the sitting-rise test, or SRT. It requires no equipment and can be performed within seconds.It's recommended that you wear comfortable clothing. Begin by standing upright in the middle of a room. Without using your arms or hands for leverage(杠杆装置), carefully squat(蹲) into a cross-legged sitting position. Once you're comfortable, attempt to stand back up from the sitting position — again, without using your arms for help. The test is scored on a point range between 1and 10.Each time you use an arm or knee for help in balancing during the test, you reduce one point from 10possible points. Half a point is reduced each time you lose balance.It seems like a pretty basic test of conditioning, but Araujo found that it could predict life expectancy with alarming accuracy. He tested it on over 2, 000 of his patients aged 51to 80, and found that people who scored less than 8points on the test were twice as likely to die within the next six years. Those who scored 3points or less were five times more likely to die within that same time period.Araujo's study was only performed on patients older than 50, so the results won't mean the same thing for younger individuals taking the test. But regardless of your age, the test should provide a useful benchmark(基准) for your overall health.5.What does the passage mainly talk about?________A.The relationship between habits and life expectancy.B.A simple test that could predict how long you will live.C.Activities you can do at home to build up your body.D.Some effective tips on how to live longer and better.6.The underlined word “aggravate” in Paragraph 2 probably means “________”. A.limit B.defeatC.spread D.increase7.Which of the following is TRUE?________A.SRT can't involve any leverage for participants.B.SRT is to count the time one stands from his site.C.You should wear tight clothes for standing quickly.D.If you lose balance in the test, you will lose a lot of points.8.It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A.people younger than 50 are also fit for doing the test.B.the fewer points one scored, the longer one might live.C.Claudio Gil Araujo's conclusion was based on many tests.D.Araujo planned to develop another test for younger individuals.Ⅲ.书面表达请根据以下提示,并结合个人经历,用英语写一篇短文.The greatest glory of living lies not in never falling, but in rising every time you fall.注意:1.词数100左右;2.内容必须结合你生活中的一个事例;3.文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称.2017届高考英语专题练习(十五)语法填空+阅读理解+书面表达答案Ⅰ.A1.imagination 2.music 3.to calm 4.named 5.on 6.It7.but 8.interest 9.were 10.PlayingB1.lately 2.getting 3.Worse4.has been keeping 5.long 6.After7.of 8.a 9.Because 10.FindⅡ.1~5.BDBDB 6~8.DACⅢ.Life is full of ups and downs. There are many difficulties in store for us. What matters is that we should face failure bravely and spare no effort to make a new start.I used to be a top student in junior school. But much to my disappointment, in the first exam in high school, I only got 85 points against an average of 120 in maths. Instead of feeling frustrated, I soon calmed down and managed to find out the reasons for my failure with the help of my teachers and parents. Then I adjusted my ways of studying following the teachers' advice such as carefully previewing the lessons, concentrating more in class and so on. My hard work was rewarded with great progress in the next exam. It was my confidence in myself and perseverance that helped me recover from the failure.Never give up and keep trying! I believe everyone will overcome the difficulties and enjoy the glory of life again.2017届高考英语专题练习(十五)语法填空2篇+阅读理解2篇+书面表达解析Ⅰ.A1.解析:imagination 考查词性转换.结合动词stir和定冠词the可知此处应用名词形式imagination.2.解析:music 考查名词.由上下文可知,此处表示宗教和精神音乐可帮助人们感到安宁、减轻他们的痛苦.故填入名词music.3.解析:to calm 考查动词不定式.ability后常接动词不定式作定语,且不定式用主动形式. 4.解析:named 考查非谓语动词. named Krissy是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰baby, name 与baby之间为动宾关系.5.解析:on 考查固定搭配.她的妈妈执意为她放莫扎特的音乐. insist on doing sth.执意做某事.6.解析:it 考查代词. it代指playing Mozart.7.解析:but 考查连词. but在此表示转折关系,连接两个并列分句.8.解析:interest 考查名词. show an interest in……表示“表现出对……的兴趣”.9.解析:were 考查谓语动词.先行词为musical pieces,表示复数概念,从句缺系动词,且表示过去的情况,故用were.10.解析:Playing 考查非谓语动词. music作主语,表示主动关系及一般情况,故用动名词Playing.B1.解析:lately 考查词性转换.由“haven't been feeling very well”中的现在完成进行时可知,此处应用lately,表示“最近,近来”.2.解析:getting 考查非谓语动词. keep后面常接动名词形式.3.解析:worse 考查形容词的比较级.由语境可知他的病情恶化了, bad的比较级为worse. 4.解析:has been keeping 考查动词的时态.由下文答语“It's been keeping me awake.”可知此处应用现在完成进行时.5.解析:long 考查副词.由下文“The pain? For about a year now.”可知应用how long提问. 6.解析:after 考查从属连词.句意:你近来散步之后一直感到疲劳吗?故用after.7.解析:of 考查介词. short of breath意为“呼吸困难”,是固定短语,故填of.8.解析:a 考查冠词.此处为不定冠词的固定用法, a few“一些”,用于可数名词复数前. 9.解析:because 考查表语从句的连接词. it's because……意为“因为……”.10.解析:find 考查动词短语. find out“查明,弄清(情况)”,符合语境.Ⅱ.1.解析:选B,细节理解题.从文章第一段可知, Dom del Torto是通过自己安装在电脑上的监视软件确定了自己丢失的电脑的位置.2.解析:选D,推理判断题.从文章最后一段可知, Dom del Torto意识到因为自己在网上发照片而侵犯了对伊朗这家人的隐私,因此决定让他们继续用他的电脑.3.解析:选B,细节理解题.从文章倒数第三段中的“They said they had bought the laptop in good faith”可知,他们当初并不清楚电脑是偷来的.4.解析:选D,标题归纳题.文章介绍Dom del Torto通过自己电脑上安装的软件确定了被盗电脑的位置,还获得了使用电脑者的照片.由此可知D项作为文章的标题最佳.B项“偷窥软件的使用”不符合本文的文体和内容.5.解析:选B,主旨大意题.文章第一段表明主旨“Thanks to Brazilian physician Claudio Gil Araujo, there's now a simple test you can perform right at home, in just a few seconds, that could predict how many years you have left to live.”即巴西医生Claudio Gil Araujo设计的用坐起这种简单的测试就能够预测人还能活多久.6.解析:选D,词义猜测题.根据画线词下文“which might add chances to death”可推知,跌倒和发生事故的风险的增加可能会导致死亡的概率的增加.故aggravate意为“增加”.7.解析:选A,推理判断题.根据第四段“Without using your arms or hands for leverage (杠杆装置), carefully squat(蹲) into a cross-legged sitting position. Once you're comfortable, attempt to stand back up from the sitting position — again, without using your arms for help.”可知,在做测试的时候,你不能用手或胳膊作杠杆装置,蹲下并呈盘腿坐姿.在试图站起来的时候也不能用手来帮助.故可推知,整个测试不能有任何杠杆装置的帮助.8.解析:选C,推理判断题.根据第五段“He tested it on over 2, 000 of his patients aged 51to 80, and found that……”及最后一段中的“Araujo's study was only performed on patients older than 50, so the results won't mean the same thing for younger individuals taking the test.”可知, Claudio Gil Araujo对2000名患者进行了该测试,并且仅对年龄大于50的人进行,而年轻人做此测试的结论可能会有所不同.故可推知, Claudio Gil Araujo的结论是根据多次测试得出的.。

2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结(含答案)

2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结(含答案)

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2017年高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳总结(含答案)(精品知识点总结,值得阅读借鉴)一、名词的数语法填空1.(2017 全国 I 卷 62) This trend, ... , has had some unintended side__ 62 __ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.解析:effects表示“一些意料外的副作用”,故用复数。

2.(2017 全国 II 卷 61) It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61 __ (crowd) on the roads...解析:crowds避免拥挤的人群。

3.(2017 全国III卷 67) She has turned down several __ 67 (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.解析:invitations由前面的several可知,要用复数形式。

短文改错1.(2017 全国 I 卷)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed精品资料up!”“Slow down!”“Turn left!”解析:word-*words后面有并列的三句话,故word用复数words。

2.(2017 全国 II 卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.解析:informations-information因information是不可数名词,没有复数形式。

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Section 15语法填空高考英语语法填空有提示词解题技巧1.括号内提供的是动词首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。

然后根据以下两点进行思考。

①若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。

如:Actually I believed I would work for a few years,get ________(marry),stay home and raise a family,so I d idn’t think the job I took mattered that much.这个小题主要考查单句层次上的语法结构。

该题的关键是判断宾语从句中有4个谓语动词,在从句中作并列谓语。

I believed I would work for a few years...I would get ________(marry)...I would stay home...I would raise a family...答案married很清楚,get married在句子中与I would构成“主系表”结构。

get married强调一种已婚的状态,相当于be married。

如果没有get在前面,只能填入marry作谓语。

显然语言的形式要结合上下文语境综合考虑,才能符合交际的需要。

②若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词;若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式,-ed形式,还是不定式。

确定的方法主要有:作主语或宾语,通常用v.-ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体情况。

如:...but it is not enough only ________(memorize)rules from a grammar book. 答案memorizing精品文档分析这个句子的成分可知,应该是memorizing...作真正的主语,前面的it是形式主语。

作伴随状语,通常用分词,若与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词(v.-ing);若是被动关系,用过去分词(done)。

如:________(see)from the top of the tower,the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees. 答案Seen可判断句中已有谓语了,表明句子不缺谓语,可知所给提示词“see”在句中应该是不作谓语的动词形式,即非谓语动词形式;此时就可以利用三个步骤来分析决定用哪一种非谓语形式了:第一,“see”的逻辑主语就是句子的主语“the south foot of the mountain”;第二,“the south foot of the mountain”和“see”之间是被动关系;第三,动词的过去分词表示被动关系,因此应填“Seen”。

It rained heavily in the south,________(cause) serious flooding in several provinces.答案causing从句中“rained”可判定句子已有谓语了,说明所给提示词“cause”在句中作非谓语,“cause”与逻辑主语之间是主动关系,即“大雨导致洪涝”;现在分词表示主动关系,因此应填“causing”,作结果状语。

2.括号内提供的是形容词或副词如果括号内提供的是形容词,一般是考查副词,即要变成副词形式;如果括号内提供的是副词,一般是考查形容词,即要变成形容词形式。

如:________(actual)I believed I would work for a few years,get married,stay home and raise a family,so I didn’t think the job I took mattered that much.答案More actually该空需要填入副词actually在句子中作状语。

有的考生填入more actually,虽然词性是对的,但是这里没有上下文比较的关系,逻辑语义不同,考生不能将语言的语法规则和语用功能有效地结合。

再如:“Thirty-five cents,” she said ________(rude).答案rudely此处考查副词作状语的用法。

括号内提供的是形容词,要用来修饰动词said,所以要使用副词形式。

但有时也要根据语境判断是否要变成名词或否定含义。

如:At last,her courage and ________(wise)impressed both the CEO and Princeton University.精品文档答案wisdom括号内提供的是形容词,但此空与前面的名词courage是并列成分,一起充当主语,所以要使用名词形式wisdom。

另外,通常有表示范围的in/of介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级。

如:One of the ________(bad)gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher...因为这里是one of the+名词复数的形式,表示……其中之一,因此范围是三者或三者以上,因此形容词需要用最高级的形式worst。

3.括号内提供的是名词①括号内提供的如果是名词,尤其是单数名词,就应该考虑空格处是否需要填冠词(a,an,the)、物主代词(my,your,his等)、指示代词(this,that 等)、不定代词(few,little,many,much,all,each,every,both,neither,other等)、名词所有格或形容词等对名词进行修饰。

②相反,如果给出的名词是在冠词、物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格或形容词之后,则应考虑填名词。

但不要忘记,要考虑名词是否变复数,是否用所有格形式等。

如:One of my father’s favorite ________(say)as I was growing up was“Try it!”答案sayings这道题主要考查考生在特定语境中正确使用名词复数的能力。

考查考生是否知道“one of+名词的复数形式”在句子中作主语,谓语动词用单数。

本句中as引导时间状语从句,表达的功能是“时空”概念。

该从句没有直接放在主句之后,而是进行了插入,放在了主句的主语之后,进行强调。

完整的主句是:One of my father’s favorite ________(say)was “Try it”.从该句的主系表结构中可以看出,one of my father’s favorite ________(say)在句子中作主语。

say要做两次转换:首先要转换成为名词;再将名词转为相应的复数形式。

say的名词是saying,其复数形式是sayings。

考生如果写对了saying只是做到了词形正确,同时还要保持单词的正确。

所以正确答案是sayings。

③当括号内提供的是名词时,还可能考查形容词。

如:There,my voice sounds really ________(wonder) because there’s a slight echo to it.答案wonderful括号内提供的是名词,但此空作系动词sounds的表语,所以要使用形容词形式。

有时也可能考查副词、动词等。

如:精品文档A certain man planted a rose and watered it ________(faith)and before it blossomed,he examined it.答案faithfully括号内提供的是名词,但此空在句中作状语,修饰动词watered,所以要变成副词。

注意:先将名词faith变成形容词faithful,然后再变成副词faithfully。

A(2016·全国Ⅰ)Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest buildings, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are i ts top__1__(attract).So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I__2__(allow)to get up close to these cute animals at the 00-acre centre.From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador.The title will be__3__(official) given to me at a ceremony in London.But my connection with pandas goes back__4__my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s,__5__I was the first Western TV reporter__6__(permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.My ambassadorial duties will include__7__(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.On my recent visit, I held a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by__8__(it) mother.The nursery team switches him every few__9__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,__10__other is with mum—she never suspects.B(2016·全国Ⅱ)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of __1__(great)and less importance.Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of __2__ (achieve).Leaving the less important things until tomorrow __3__ (be) often acceptable.精品文档Most of us are more focused __4__our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.So, get an early start and try to be as productive __5__ possible before lunch.This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.Recent __6__(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks__7__(regular).Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for__8__while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely __9__ (bring) your work home.It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is,__10__ (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.C(2016·全国Ⅲ)In much of Asia,especially the so-called “rice bowl” cultures of China,Japan,Korea,__1__Vietnam,food is usually eaten with chopsticks.Chopsticks are usually two long,thin pieces of wood or bamboo.They can also be made of plastic,animal bone or metal.Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic.Truly elegant chopsticks might__2__(make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __3__(create)special designs.The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years.People probably cooked their food in large pots, __4__(use)twigs(树枝)to remove it.Over time,__5__the population grew,people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which__6__(gradual)turned into chopsticks.Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius,__7__lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.,influenced the__8__(develop)of chopsticks.Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and __9__(be)too violent for use at the table.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India,for example,most people traditionally eat __10__their hands.D(2016·四川高考)The giant panda__1__(love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists __2__(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with 精品文档a newborn baby.She was a very __3__(care)mother.For 25 days,she never left her baby,not even to find something __4__(eat)!She would not let any otherpandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural __5__(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does.__6__it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.The mother continued to care for the young panda __7__more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed __8__(it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and learned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years,the mother __9__(drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,__10__it was also time for the young panda to be independent.A(2015·全国Ⅰ)Yangshuo,ChinaIt was raining lightly when I __1__ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.But I didn’t care.A few hours __2__,I’d been at home in Hong Kong,with __3__ (it) choking smog.Here,the air was clean and fresh,even with the rain.I’d skipped nearby Guilin,a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River __4__ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese __5__ (painting).Instead,I’d heade d straight for Yangshuo.For those who fly to Guilin,it’s only an hour away __6__ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.Yangshuo __7__ (be) really beautiful.A study of travelers __8__ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia.Abercrombie & Kent,a travel company in Hong Kong,says it __9__ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people __10__ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.B(2015·全国Ⅱ)The adobe dwellings(土坯房)__1__(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even __2__ most modern of精品文档architects and engineers.In addition to their simple beauty,what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __3__(able) to “air condition”a house without __4__(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __5__(slow)during cool nights,thus warming the house.When a new day breaks,the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough __6__ (cool) the house during the hot day:__7__ the same time,they warm up again for the night.This cycle __8__ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消)for the outside temperatures.As__9__(nature) architects,the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly__10__thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.C(2015·广东高考)Mr.Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children.He owned __1__ farm, which looked almost abandoned.__2__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day.He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __3__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __4__ (leave).The cow was their only means of support, in fact.One day, the cow was eating grass __5__ it began to rain heavily.While making great efforts to run away, she __6__ (fall) over the hill and died.Then the Johnsons had to make a living __7__ the cow.In order to support his family, Mr.Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables.Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __8__ (sell) the wood.Thinking about his children’s clothes, he started growing cotton too.When harv est came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __9__ people from the towns met regularly.Now it occurred to __10__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.D(2014·新课标全国Ⅰ)Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?In 1969,the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland,Ohio.It __1__ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.The river was so polluted that it __2__(actual) caught fire and burned.Now,years later,this river is one of __3__ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup. But the river wasn’t changed in a few days __4__ even a few months.It took years of work __5__ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.Finally,that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __6__(clean) than ever.精品文档Maybe you are facing an impossible situation.Maybe you have a habit __7__ is driving your family crazy.Possibly you drink too much or don’t know how to control your credit card use.When you face such an impossible situation,don’t you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?While there are __8__ (amaze) stories of instant transformation,for most of us the __9__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.Just be __10__(patience).E(2014·新课标全国Ⅱ)One morning,I was waiting at the bus stop,worried about __1__ (be) late for school.There were many people waiting at the bus stop,__2__ some of them looked very anxious and __3__(disappoint).When the bus finally came,we all hurried on board.I got a place next __4__ the window,so I had a good view of the sidewalk.A boy on a bike __5__ (catch) my attention.He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver,but he refused __6__(stop) until we reached the next stop.Still,the boy kept __7__(ride).He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.Finally,when we came to the next stop,the boy ran up to the door of the bus.I heard an excited conversation.Then the driver stood up and asked,“__8__ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”A woman on the bus shouted,“Oh dear!It ’s __9__ (I )”.She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully.Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done,and the crowd of strangers __10__(sudden) became friendly to one another.F(2014·辽宁高考)Jonny:Hey!I’m just practicing Tai Chi(太极).Would you like to join me?Peter:I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?Jonny:It seems easy,but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.Peter:OK.Don’t laugh __1__ me.I may look funny.Jonny:Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches,naturally and __2__(soft).Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly,then 精品文档be sure to keep your balance and don’t let your body shake.Peter:I cannot control my body well.My legs become __3__ (pain).Jonny:Keep __4__ (hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let__5__ stay in the air forseconds.Peter:I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.Jonny:Be patient!Tai Chi __6__ (call)“shadow boxing”in English.It asks you to act like water:to be flexible as well __7__ strong.In real competition,a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The __8__ (hard) you try to beat him,the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!Peter:Unbelievable!Oh...,__9__ you don’t mind,I’ll stop and take a deep __10__.G(2014·广东高考) Last year,my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said __1__ was a wonderful holiday destination.Before we went,we had planned for months.When the day came,we were ready.After our plane landed,we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months __2__(early),but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We __3__(tell)that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week,__4__ for the week after.I didn’t understand __5__ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged __6__ the reservation.What’s worse,the hotel had been fully booked.When we were wondering what to do,the manager came out.She was __7__(surprise)helpful.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on __8__ top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room,and we weren’t charged extra.The next day,my brother and I went to the beach __9__ we watched some people play volleyball.We got a little __10__(sunburn),but the day had been so relaxing that we didn’t mind.精品文档A(2016·河南省六市高三第一次联考)Starting a new school term is always exciting.It is a chance __1__(see) your friends again.But most exciting of all,the new term lets you take up new hobbies.In Britain it is common for students to take up new hobbies after the Christmas holidays.Promising to learn something new is a common New Year’s resolution.Most schools offer different kinds __2__ hobby classes.Students __3__(usual) take them in their free periods or after school.Some classes you have to pay for but some __4__(be) free.For example,I once took a free Wednesday evening gymnastics class __5__ is offered by my school.But when I learnt how to play the drum,my parents had to pay for the lessons.The most popular extra classes at my school were piano lessons and drama club.Both classes offered exams students could take.Students with many hobbies sometimes felt __6__ stressed than those without any.But the students with hobbies left school with many extra __7__(skill).I haven’t continued any of the hobbies I __8__(begin) at school.But I have never regretted taking __9__.My __10__(good) friend today is someone I met in my gymnastics class.B(2016·湖南常德市高三3月模拟考试)Imagine life as a game in which you are playing some five balls in the air.You name __1__(they)—work,family,health,friends and spirit,and you’re keeping all these balls in the air.You understand that work is a rubber ball.If you drop it,it will bounce back.But the other four balls are made of glass.If you drop one of them,it will be scuffed(磨损),damaged or even broken into __2__(piece).They will never be the same.You must understand the balance in your life.How?Don’t compare yourself with others.It is because we are different and each of us __3__(be) specia l.Don’t set your goals by what other people consider important.Only you know __4__ is best for you.Don’t give __5__ when you still have something to give.Nothing is really over until the moment you stop __6__(try).Knowledge is weightless,__7__ treasure you can always carry __8__(easy).Don’t run through life so fast that you forget not 精品文档only where you’ve been,where you are,but also where you __9__(go).Life is not a race,but a journey to __10__(enjoy) slowly each step of the way.Yesterday is history,tomorrow is a mystery,and today is a gift.That’s why we call it—the present.C(2016·福建省五校高中毕业班统一考试)According to a recent survey,violence did exist in schools.Students showed their fear and parents and teachers also __1__(express) their great concern about it.Experts hope __2__ whole society pays more attention to the mental health of adolescents.Nowadays,school violence is a hot issue.I think this is a phenomenon,which __3__(call) for our great concern.We should make every effort __4__(prevent) school violence happening at school,for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal __5__(safe) could not be guaranteed.In fact,violence can be learned.__6__(actual),children learn violence behavior from adults or from __7__ they see on television or on the Internet.If I meet with school violence,I will not answer violence with violence,for it will result in __8__(much) fighting.I will tell my teachers or parents about it.I think they will help me deal with it well and they will protect me from the bad guys.All in all,we students should behave __9__(we) and keep away __10__ violence.D(2016·福建省漳州八校高三第三次联考)World Book Day __1__(fall) on April 23 every year.It was set up by the UNESCO(联合国教科文组织)in 1955 to encourage people to discover the pleasure of reading.It means you read a book not because your teachers or parents tell you to do so.“__2__(read) for pleasure” plays a more important role in one’s __3__(grow) than one’s family background.Books,magazines,newspapers and other kinds of materials can help us know more about the outside world and perfect us.__4__,computer games,online videos and Internet are pushing books off the shelf.Some experts believe it’s a __5__(worry) trend.Each Chinese read 0.38 more books in 2013 than 2012 but still far fewer than those in major developed countries.Even worse,many bookstores have __6__(close) their doors because many book lovers start to buy 精品文档__7__(few) books than before.However,many people do still prefer reading because it has __8__(be) part of their life.It can benefit people in many ways.It gives us information about other countries and places of the world.It __9__ has a strong influence on forming our personality and makes us more intelligent.It’s __10__ too late to start reading.So jump into the wonderful world of books now!E(2016·河南郑州市高三第一次质量预测)Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China,__1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾).Tu Youyou __2__(be) the woman who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.On October 5,Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan.Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__(receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.Tu was modest about receiving the award:“It’s a success for the whole research team.”She also thinks __4__ is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s,things were hard.The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then.Tu used to test __6__(medicine) by eating them herself.Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2,000 traditional recipes.Once Tu __8__(return) home after traveling for six months.Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the“strange woman”.To do research,Tu also had to move around a lot.Finally,Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素) in sweet wormwood in 1971.She spent the next decades __9__(try)to improve the medicine.According to World Health Organization,about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world,and about half a million die each year.Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.精品文档Tu never complains about how hard she works.“I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients,” she said.F(2016·四川绵阳市高三二诊考试)Many teachers believe that hands-on experience is the __1__(good) way to learn. A group of students in the United States are putting that belief to the test. They __2__ (success) designed and built a robot for discovering unexplored mines __3__ the bottom of the sea. Students made the robot __4__(answer) a challenge from the U.S. Department of Defense.The students recently tested the underwater vehicle __5__(call) PerseusⅡ in a 95-meter-long tank of water at the Stevens Institute of Technology.The robot costs about $15,000 to build. The students use a video game control to direct __6__(it) movements in the tank. What’s more,devices known as Japters __7__ (able) the robot to go up,down and toward its target in the water. Video cameras on the robot send images back to a computer through a 13-meter-long cable. Perseus Ⅱ also has __8__ set of lasers (激光),which are used to measure the size of an object.The robot is the creation of five undergraduate students. For over six months,they worked up __9__ 20 hours a week to design and build Perseus Ⅱ. DeLorme supervised the project from __10__(begin) to end. He says the specialized requirements of robots were demanding.G(2016·安徽省安庆市高三下学期第二次模拟考试)Everyone needs to know how to prevent a fire.It is also important to know what to do when it __1__(break)out.Every year,over 11,000 people __2__(kill)or injured in house fires.These fires could have been avoided.Smokers who are __3__(care)cause about 200 deaths and over 6,000 fires.More than of those __4__ die in fires are poisoned or harmed by smoke.If fire happens,do not attempt to fight the fire unless it is small.Try putting out a small fire with water.If __5__ fire has spread or if the flames are more than 20 inches high,shut the door on it.Warn everyone else in the building and tell them to get out.You should leave and dial 911 for the fire department.Before __6__(go)into a room,check the door.If the handle or the door is hot,do not open it! Instead,put clothing or a wet towel at the bottom of it to keep smoke out.If the door is not hot,open it __7__(slow).If there is a rush of smoke heat,close it again and shout to warn __8__(other)inside.精品文档Now open the window and shout “Fire!”.See whether you can drop safely to the e this __9__ your escape course if you can.If you are not on ground level,break your fall b y pushing a mat out first.Lower yourself at arm’s __10__(long) before dropping.Once outside,stay out outside and make sure the fire department is called.H(2016·山东日照市高三第一次模拟考试)For many young people,going to university is one of the most important __1__(stage)of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of __2__(they)home to live with other people,often strangers.__3__(especial)in the US,people often travel very far __4__ home to study.It is a time to be __5__(independence).At university,you will __6__(teach)by lectures and professors who are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is __7__ drives some people to apply to university.Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study.Apart from the __8__(academy)benefit,life at university also can allow students __9__(develop)their interests in many fields.Therefore,university is a place __10__ you attain knowledge,to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.I(2016·湖北省八校高三第一次联考)China will allow all couples to have two children,__1__(give) up its decades-long one-child policy,the Communist Party of China (CPC) __2__(announce) after a key meeting on Thursday.The change of policy is intended to balance population development and meet the challenge of an aging population,according to a communique (公报) __3__(issue) after the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee held from Monday to Thursday.The proposal must be approved by the top legislature (立法机关) __4__ it comes into force.China’s family planning policy was first introduced in the late 1970s __5__(control) the rapid __6__(grow) of the population by limiting most urban couples __7__ one child,and as to rural couples,they can have two children on condition that their firstborn child was a girl.The policy was later relaxed.Parents __8__ were both only children in their family could have __9__ second child.精品文档The one-child policy was __10__(far) loosened in November 2013 after the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,and couples are allowed to have two children if one of them is an only child.J(2016·湖北市教科研协作体高三联合考试)Talking is the most effective and satisfying way of communication with others.There are many forms of communication,__1__ include: texting,cell phones,e-mail,and social media.__2__(use) these alternative forms to communicate with others may be faster,__3__ it lacks many qualities that a face-to-face conversation __4__(possess).Facial expression and body language can __5__(great) affect a conversation.They can be used to give a person some information about what the other person __6__(think) and feeling.Facial expression can __7__(apply) to video chatting,but body language can only be found in a face-to-face conversation.Talking in person can have physical __8__(feature).Giving someone a hug and holding their hand __9__(comfort) them can only be done in person.When you are talking to someone by texting or instant messaging them,physical touch does not exist at all,which can limit the connection __10__ the people in the communication.K(2016·广东广州市高三第一次模拟)Although Socrates (苏格拉底) was poor all his life,he never asked his pupils to pay for their lessons.He taught __1__ the love of wisdom,not for money.And __2__ he had to say was always new and worth hearing.All his pupils loved him.But his unusual ways of teaching and his demand that students always ask questions made him some __3__(danger) enemies.The rulers did not want to be questioned.So they __4__(false) accused Socrates of teaching young men bad things and __5__(lead) them to ignore religion.In fact Socrates was a very religious man.His enemies had him __6__(arrest),and he was sentenced to death by poisoning.During the 30 days before he was put to death,his friends and pupils __7__(allow) to visit him in his prison.They were astonished to find that __8__ was calm and cheerful.He had no fear of dying.When the deadly poison was finally brought to Socrates,his friends were in __9__(tear),but Socrates seemed to be the __10__(brave) man in the room.He raised the cup and drank it as if it were a glass of banquet wine.精品文档。

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