2013MBA综合写作真题

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2013年MBA联考综合能力真题-写作

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题四.写作：第56-57小题，共65分，其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文15分，请写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

56. 论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。

(论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准备并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。

)一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分。

由于软实力是评判一个国家国际地位的要素之一，所以如何增强软实力就成了各国政府高度关注的重大问题。

其实，这一问题不难解决。

既然一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分，那么，要增强软实力，只需搞好本国的文化建设并向世人展示就可以了。

文化有两个特性，一个是普同性，一个是特异性。

所谓普同性，是指不同背景的文化具有相似的伦理道德和价值观念，如东方文化和西方文化都肯定善行，否定恶行；所谓特异性，是指不同背景的文化具有不同的思想意识和行为方式，如西方文化崇尚个人价值，东方文化固守集体意识，正因为文化具有普同性，所以一国文化就一定会被他国所接受；正因为文化具有特异性，所以一国文化就一定会被他国所关注。

无论是接受还是关注，都体现了该国文化影响力的扩大，也即表明了该国软实力的增强。

文艺作品当然也具有文化的本质属性。

一篇小说、一出歌剧、一部电影等等，虽然一般以故事情节、人物形象、语言特色等艺术要素取胜，但在这些作品中，也往往肯定了一种生活方式，宣扬了一种价值观念。

这种生活方式和价值观念不管是普同的还是特异的，都会被他国所接受或关注，都能产生文化影响力。

由此可见，只要创作更多的具有本国文化特色的文艺作品，那么文化影响力的扩大就是毫无疑义的，而国家的软实力也必将同步增强。

2013MBA联考英语试卷(附答案)_2

2013年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业硕士学位联考英语（二）真题试卷Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1In an essay entitled ―Making It in America‖ the author Adam Davison relates a joke from cotton country about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill has only two employees today, ―a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog, and the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is largely because of the big drop in demand because of the Great Recession, but it is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machine or foreign workers.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job, could earn an average lifestyle. But, today, average is officially over. Being average is just wo n’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genins. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra – their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes, ― In the 10 years ending in 2009, factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs – about 6 millions in total – disappeared.‖There will always be change – new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution , the beat jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to buttress employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I. Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to post-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate .A. the impact of technological advancesB. the alleviation of jobs pressureC. the shrinkages of textile millsD. the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a success employer, one has to .A. adopt an average lifestyleB. work on cheap softwareC. contribute something uniqueD. ask for a moderate salary23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that .A. gains of technology have been erasedB. job opportunities are disappearing at a high speedC. factories are making much less money than beforeD. new jobs and services have been offered.24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is .A. to accelerate the I.T. revolutionB. to ensure more education for peopleC. to advance economic globalizationD. to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?A. Technology Goes CheapB．New Law Takes EffectC. Recession Is BadD. Average Is Over参考答案：ACBBDText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came, those who had no intengtion to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname,‖ uccelli dipassaggio,‖ birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide newcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or brand them as aliens fit for deportation. That framework has contributed mightily to our broken immigration system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and particle physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas. They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them. They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle. Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes, including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26.‖Birds of passage‖refers to those who_____.[A]find permanent jobs overseas[B]leave their home countries for food[C]immigrate across the Atlantic[D]stay in a foreign country temporarily27.It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration system in the US_____.[A]needs new immigrant categories[B]has loosened control over immigrants[C]should be adapted to meet challenges[D]has been fixed via political means28.According to the author, today`s birds of passage want______.[A]financial incentives[B]a global recognition[C]opportunities to get regular jobs[D]the freedom to stay and leave29.The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated______.[A]as faithful partners[B]with legal tolerance[C]with economic favors[D]as mighty rivals30.The most appropriate title for this text would be_____.[A]Come and Go:Big Mistake[B]Living and Thriving:Great Risk[C]Legal or Illegal: Big Mistake[D]With or Without:Great Risk参考答案：DCDBCText 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to access other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is social, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality,like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t excusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing. Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to customer products or housing options when we see a happy face ( one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases – or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly ―thin slice‖ information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in ―thick sliced‖long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a much longer evaluation: two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by passing is what differentiates us from animals: the dogs can thinks about future only intermittently or for a few minutes . but historically we have spent about 12 percent our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we changed our nature. We will have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may .A. vary according to the urgency of the situationB. prove the complexity of our brain reactionC. depend on the importance of assessmentD. predetermine the accuracy of out judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snap decisions .A. can be associativeB. are not unconsciousC. can be dangerousD. are not impulse33. To reverse the negative effects of snap decisions, we should .A. trust our first impressionB. do as people usually doC. think before we actD. ask for expert advices34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reactions are based on .A. critical assessmentB. ―thin sliced‖ studyC. sensible explanationD. adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is .A. tolerantB. uncertainC. optimisticD. doubtful参考答案：DACDCText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven. In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family-friendly until women are part of senior management decisions, and Europe’s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male. Indeed, women hold only 14 percent of positions on European corporate boards.The European Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60%. This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, European Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goals of 40% female board membership. The Forte foundation in America has now flowed suit with its own list of ―board-ready women.‖ But Reding’s appeal in Europe was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate ladder fairly as they balance work and family?―Personally, I don’t like quotas,‖ Reding said recently. ―But I like what the quotas do.‖ Quotas get action: they ―open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,‖ according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reticence --- and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, governance by the capable. But, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as well as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top positions --- no matter how much ―soft pressure‖ is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power --- as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook --- they garner massiver attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.Of appropriate public policies were in place to help all women --- whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers --- and all families, Sandberg would e no more newswarthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally _______.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senor management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is _______.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According to Reding, quotas may help women ________.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward REding’s appeal is one of _______.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of _____.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater ―soft pressure ‖36. 细节题：选B，要含有男性的这个对象，男性主导37. 细节题：选B，选择有陷阱的，干扰项C。

2013年MBA真题-写作答案

2013年MBA真题-写作
56题——论证有效性分析参考答案要点
1. 归因不当。

软实力能否增强取决于多种因素，文化只是其中之一，仅靠搞好文化建设是远远不够的。

论证却认为“只需搞好本国的文化建设并向世人展示就可以了”。

2. 以偏概全。

论证在验证普同性和特异性时，仅仅通过“如东方文化和西方文化都肯定善行，否定恶行”和“如西方文化崇尚个人价值，东方文化固守集体意识”的简单枚举就得出了普遍性的结论。

3. 推断过于绝对。

即使文化具有普同性和特异性，也不必然带来“一国文化就一定会被他国所接受和关注的结果”。

因为“接受”和“关注”更多的是取决于主体的需要，而不是客体的特征。

4. 不当类比。

文艺作品虽然具有文化的本质属性，但不表明“一篇小说、一出歌剧、一部电影”就能充分体现文化的本质属性。

论证强行将文化的普同性、特异性与体裁不同的具体作品相套比的做法，实属不当。

5. 论据不确凿。

可以质疑小说、歌剧、电影真的“往往肯定一种生活方式，宣扬一种价值观念”吗？
57题——论说文参考立意
1. 合作的优势
2. 外在压力可以暂缓内部矛盾
3. 赢得竞争需要出新
4. 没有永远的定局
……。

2013年MBA英语真命题及标准答案解析

Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to ___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming?Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there.Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail11-15: ADCCC16-20: CABAD【答案详解】1. [标准答案] [A][考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系[选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原文信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(一个无现金社会不太可能马上出现)，而文章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进入一个无现金社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。

2013年考研英语作文范文真题答案

2013年考研英语作文范文真题答案全文共6篇示例，供读者参考篇1My Big Dream of Being a TeacherHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. Today, I want to tell you about my big dream of becoming a teacher when I grow up. It's the best job ever and I can't wait!You see, my teacher Mrs. Robinson is the coolest person I know. She's always so nice and patient, even when we're being a little naughty in class. She makes learning super fun by telling us awesome stories and letting us play games. Whenever I have a question, she takes the time to explain everything really clearly until I understand. I wish I could be just like her!Being a teacher means you get to hang out with kids all day long! How cool is that? We'd have so much fun together drawing pictures, reading books, and playing outside during recess. I'd definitely let my students have extra recess time because playing is important for growing big and strong.I'd also be sure to give out lots of gold star stickers and congratulate my students whenever they did a great job. Everybody loves getting praise and feeling proud of their hard work. And if someone was having trouble, I'd stay late to give them extra help, just like Mrs. Robinson does for me sometimes. No student would get left behind in my class!Being a teacher does seem like it has some tough parts though. You have to grade a bunch of tests and homework, which doesn't sound very thrilling. And there might be parents who get mad if their child misbehaves or doesn't get good grades. I'm not looking forward to dealing with angrygrown-ups!But overall, I really can't think of a better career. Teachers get to shape young minds and inspire the next generation. We'd learn lots of important skills together like reading, writing, math, science, and how to be a good person. Teachers make the world smarter and kinder, one student at a time.That's why I've decided to work really hard in school from now until I'm done with university. I'll study diligently, get straight A's, and show that I'm responsible enough to lead a classroom. It's going to take many years of patience and effort, but becoming a teacher is my true calling. Just wait and see -someday I'll be standing at the front of a classroom, helping other kids achieve their dreams too!So what do you think? Does being a teacher sound like an awesome job or what? To me, it's the best thing a person could do with their life. I can't wait to start my journey towards making a positive difference in the world. This little dreamer is going to become an amazing teacher, just you watch!篇2My Big SisterHi there! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. I live with my mom, dad, and big sister Emily who is 12. Today my teacher said we have to write an essay about someone who is important to us. I decided to write about my big sister Emily because she is really nice and does a lot for me.Emily is the best big sister ever! She always looks out for me and keeps me out of trouble. Like this one time, I really wanted to climb up on the roof because I thought it would be fun. But Emily told me I could fall off and get really hurt. She said roofs are only for grownups and professionals. I was mad at first but then I realized she was right and it could be dangerous. Emily protects me like that all the time.Another reason why Emily is awesome is because she helps me with my homework when I get stuck. Homework can be really hard sometimes, especially math with all those crazy numbers and symbols. But Emily is really good at math and other subjects too. Whenever I don't understand something, she sits down with me and explains it in a way that makes sense. She's a great teacher! Thanks to Emily, I get way better grades than I would on my own.Emily also makes sure I stay active and healthy instead of just sitting around all day. She'll come get me to go outside and play games like tag or hide and seek. Or sometimes we'll go to the playground and she'll push me really high on the swings. That's my favorite! Emily also likes to roller blade and she's teaching me how to do it too. Getting exercise and fresh air makes me feel happy and energized. I think it's important like Emily does.My big sister is really creative and fun too. She's an amazing artist and is always drawing or painting these super cool pictures. Emily lets me use her colored pencils and markers to make my own drawings. She says I'm a little artist just like her! We also put on talent shows and plays in the backyard where we sing, dance, and act out funny scenes we make up ourselves. It's so much fun being creative with my sister.Emily doesn't just keep me safe, help me learn, and make sure I'm active though. She's also one of my very best friends. We tell each other secrets, jokes, and stories about our days. If I'm ever feeling sad or upset about something, Emily gives me a big hug and makes me feel better. She says no matter what, I can always talk to her about anything at all. Having a friend as great as Emily makes me really lucky.So that's why my big sister Emily is the most important person to me. She looks out for me, helps me succeed, keeps me healthy and active, encourages my creativity, and is an amazing friend all in one! I know I can count on Emily for anything. She's the coolest big sister in the whole entire world and I love her so much!Thanks for reading my essay! I tried my best to tell you all about Emily and why she's so special to me. Writing this made me appreciate her even more. I'm going to give her a huge hug and tell her again how awesome she is after I turn this in. Every little brother should have a big sister like mine! Okay, gotta run now. Bye!篇3My Awesome FamilyHello! My name is Timmy and I'm 8 years old. I was asked to write about my family for a very important test, so I will try my best!I have a pretty awesome family. First, there are my parents - mom and dad. My mom's name is Sarah and she is the best mom ever! She works really hard at her job during the day, but when she gets home she always has a warm hug and smile waiting for me. Mom helps me with my homework and tucks me into bed at night. She is really smart and patient. Sometimes I have a hard time with my math homework, but mom never gets frustrated. She just calmly explains it in a new way until I understand. I don't know what I would do without her!My dad's name is Michael and he is awesome too, just in a different way than mom. Dad's job means he has to travel a lot for work, so I don't get to see him as much as I'd like. But when he is home, we have so much fun together! Dad is a total goofball - he is always cracking jokes and doing silly voices. He likes to play games with me like having pillow fights or putting on fun music and having a dance party in the living room. Dad also takes me on exciting adventures like hiking, camping, and fishing. I feel so lucky that he helps me explore the great outdoors. My favorite times are when we build a campfiretogether and he tells spooky stories. I pretend to be scared, but I love it!In addition to my parents, I also have the greatest big sister in the whole universe! Her name is Emma and she is 15 years old. We used to fight a lot when we were younger over silly things like borrowing each other's toys or leaving messes around. But now that Emma is a teenager, she is like a second mom to me in the best way. She gives me great advice, helps me with my schoolwork, and sneaks me extra cookies from the kitchen when mom isn't looking. Emma is also super cool - she is really good at art and music. Sometimes she lets me watch her practice playing guitar and I think she is going to be a famous rockstar someday!Emma's friends are awesome too and they don't treat me like a dumb little kid. They are always nice and let me hang out with them sometimes. My favorite is Emma's friend Jayden. He is so funny and loves playing video games as much as I do! Jayden has gotten me into some great new game series and lets me try out new games at his house sometimes. I hope when I'm older I can be just as cool as him.I also have to mention my two crazy but lovable dogs, Buddy and Rex. Buddy is an old yellow lab who loves sleeping and getting belly rubs. Rex is a hyper puppy who hasn't quite learnedthat chewing on everything is not okay yet! Sometimes I get annoyed when Rex chews up one of my toys, but he is so cute and sweet that I can never stay mad at him for long. I am responsible for feeding Buddy and Rex their dinner every night and taking them on walks, which I really enjoy. I love coming home from school to see their excited, wagging tails greeting me at the door. Dogs really are a kid's best friend!Every year for summer vacation, my family goes on an awesome trip together too. Last year, we went camping and hiking at Yellowstone National Park. We saw bears, bison, geysers, and more! It was so cool. This summer, we are going on a Disney cruise, which I am superrxcited about. I have been watching all the classic Disney movies to prepare. I can't wait to meet Mickey, go on water slides, and eat endless pizza and ice cream!As you can probably tell, I feel incredibly lucky to be part of such an awesome, loving family. We may not be rich or have the biggest house on the block, but we have something better - each other. No matter what happens, I know my family will always be there for me with open arms, encouragement, and lots of laughter. Some kids may think their families are boring, but not me! My family is anything but boring. We cherish our specialtraditions, make amazing memories together, and most of all, truly enjoy each other's company. My parents, sister, and pets make every day an adventure. I am one lucky kid!篇4My Amazing AdventureHi everyone! Today I want to tell you about my amazing adventure. It all happened last year when I participated in an English competition. The competition was really tough, but I learned a lot and had so much fun.The competition was called the "2013 Graduate Entrance Exam English Writing Contest". It was a big event for all the smart people who wanted to go to college. Even though I'm just a little kid, I wanted to challenge myself and see how well I could do.The topic for the essay was "The Importance of Dreams". Dreams are like magical wishes that we have in our hearts. They make us believe in ourselves and give us the motivation to work hard. In my essay, I wrote about my dream of becoming a scientist one day. I believe that by studying science, I can make the world a better place and help people.Writing the essay was not easy, but I tried my best. I used colorful markers and drew a big picture of a scientist on the top of the page. I wrote about how scientists discover new things and how they help solve problems. I also wrote about my own experiments at home and how I loved mixing different liquids together to see what would happen. It was so much fun!After I finished writing my essay, I gave it to my teacher. She was really proud of me and encouraged me to send it to the competition. I was so excited! A few weeks later, I received a letter saying that my essay was selected as one of the top 10 essays in the whole country. I couldn't believe it! I was going to the final round of the competition.The final round was held in a big city. I traveled with my parents and we stayed in a hotel. There were so many talented kids from different places. We had to stand on a stage and read our essays in front of a big audience. I was nervous, but I knew I had to do my best.When it was my turn to speak, I took a deep breath and started reading. I spoke confidently and tried to make everyone understand my passion for science. After I finished, the audience clapped and cheered for me. It was an incredible feeling!Although I didn't win the first prize, I was still very proud of myself. I made new friends and learned so much from the experience. I realized that no matter how young or small we are, we can still have big dreams and make a difference in the world.So, my dear friends, never stop dreaming. Believe in yourself and work hard to achieve your goals. You never know what amazing adventures await you!That's all for my story. I hope you enjoyed it. Remember, dreams really do come true if you believe in them. Thank you for listening!篇5My Awesome School YearHi there! I'm Sam, and I'm 8 years old. I just finished 3rd grade and I want to tell you all about my super fun and awesome school year!It all started on the very first day of school. I was really nervous because I didn't know anybody in my new class. But my teacher, Mrs. Johnson, was really nice and made us all feel welcome. She had us go around the room and say our namesand one thing we liked. I said my name is Sam and I like playing video games!In my class, there were 22 other kids. There was Tommy who sat next to me - he loved sports and played soccer after school. Across from me sat Sarah who had pretty red hair and loved to read books. And then there was class clown Jimmy who was always cracking jokes and making everybody laugh!My favorite subject was definitely math. I loved solving all the problems and figuring out the answers. Reading was pretty fun too, especially when we got to the exciting parts of stories. Science was cool because we got to do experiments. And I enjoyed art class because I'm a great artist (or so I think!).But there were way more ups than downs. Like when our class went on a field trip to the science museum. That was awesome! We got to see dinosaur fossils, explore an earthquake simulator, and even build our own robots. Another up was the big jump rope competition during field day. My team won first place! Go us!One of the highlights was definitely the big 3rd grade musical our class put on. I had a solo singing part and everything!I was pretty nervous but did a great job (again, or so I think). My parents were super proud of me. We sang fun songs about theABCs, counting, and even did a rap about the 50 states. It was epic!Throughout the year we also had a bunch of fun parties to celebrate holidays and special days. On Halloween we all dressed up in costumes - I went as a Jedi knight! For Thanksgiving we made hand turkeys. Christmas time was a blast with our class Secret Santa gift exchange. We even had a fun Valentine's Day party where we decorated boxes and got candies from our classmates. Yum!Overall, it was such a fun and memorable year. I learned so much from the best teacher ever, Mrs. Johnson. I made lots of new friends that I'll never forget. And we had a ton of exciting adventures, celebrations, and momentos along the way.While I'm definitely going to miss 3rd grade, I'm really looking forward to being a 4th grader next year. I'll get to ride the big kid bus, have a locker, and switch classes for different subjects. How cool is that?! I just know 4th grade will be even more amazing than 3rd. Bring it on!Those are some of the highlights from my latest and greatest school year as an 8-year-old 3rd grader. Even though there were a few small blips here and there, it was ultimately astraordinarily wonderful year filled with learning, laughter, and making somany incredible memories with my teachers and friends. I'll never forget it!篇6My Big DreamHi there! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. I'm in the third grade at Sunny Hills Elementary School. My teacher, Mrs. Roberts, asked us to write about our dreams for the future. What do we want to be when we grow up? I've been thinking a lot about this and I have a really big dream!Ever since I was a tiny kid, I've always loved animals. My parents got me a cute little puppy named Roxy when I was 4 years old. She's my best friend in the whole world! I take really good care of her - feeding her, brushing her fur, taking her on walks, and playing fetch. Roxy is so sweet and loving. Whenever I'm sad, she comes right over and licks my face to cheer me up. I just love her so much!One day, my mom took me to a animal shelter to donate some old blankets and toys. I saw all the dogs and cats in the kennels there and it made me really sad. They looked so lonely and afraid without a real home or family to love them. The people working there said some of the animals had beenabandoned or abused by their owners. That's just terrible! How could anyone ever hurt a sweet, innocent animal? It broke my little heart.From that day on, I decided my big dream is to become a veterinarian when I grow up! That way, I can take care of sick and injured animals to help make them healthy and happy again. I'll be able to give lots of love and attention to all the dogs, cats, bunnies, and every animal that needs it. No animal will ever have to suffer or be afraid when Dr. Lily is around!My parents are being really supportive and encouraging about my dream too. My dad said with my love for animals and my determination, he knows I can definitely become a veterinarian one day. My mom is so proud of me for having such a caring, noble goal instead of just wanting to be a famous singer or movie star. Although, if I did become famous, you can bet I'd use my money and popularity to promote animal rights and open up my own big animal rescue shelter!Whenever we go to the pet supply store, my parents let me spend my allowance on new toys and treats for Roxy. For my last birthday, they got me a kid's veterinarian playset so I can practice giving check-ups and surgeries on my stuffed animals. I had so much fun dressing up in the little white coat and masks! Roxywas a very good patient when I put her "cast" on after her plush raccoon friend got in a playful tussle and twisted her leg. I tried feeding her pretend medicine too, but she just licked it off my face instead. Silly puppy!Sometimes, my parents take me to watch videos and documentaries about real veterinarians at work. I see them caring for dogs, cats, horses, cows, and even wild animals like lions, bears, and elephants. No matter what kind of animal it is, those vets are so patient, gentle, and loving with each one. They truly want to help animals feel better and live happy, healthy lives. That's exactly the kind of veterinarian I want to be!My parents have already started saving money in a college fund for me. By the time I'm ready, I'll be able to go to any university I get accepted into – even the most expensive ones with the best veterinary programs. I'm going to study so incredibly hard and get straight A's in every class. I'll volunteer at animal shelters and vet offices as much as possible too. Maybe I can even get an internship once I'm older! I'll do whatever it takes to prepare and prove I'm the most dedicated, caring future vet they've ever seen.I have really big plans for when my dream finally comes true and I become Dr. Lily, the veterinarian! First, I'll get a job at awonderful animal hospital so I can start helping pets right away. Once I've gotten tons of experience, I'll open up my very own non-profit vet clinic right here in our town. Any abandoned, stray, or mistreated animal can come get help at "Dr. Lily's。

2013管理类联考综合能力真题、答案及写作范文(新东方在线完整版)

2013年硕士研究生入学考试管理类专业硕士综合能力真题说明：由于试题为一题多卷，因此现场试卷中的选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序。

请在核对答案时注意题目和选项的具体内容。

答案仅供参考。

一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡．．．上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.某工厂生产一批零件，计划10天完成，实际2天完成，则每天生产量比计划平均提高了（A）、15% （B）、20% （C）、25% （D）、30% （E）、35%答案：C2.某工程由甲公司承包需60天，甲、乙共同承包需28天，由乙、丙两公司共同承包需35天完成，则由丙公司承包完成该工程所需的天数为（A）、85 （B）、90 （C）、95 （D）、100 （E）、105答案：E3.甲班有30名学生，在一次满分为100分的考试中，全班的平均成绩为90分，则成绩低于60分的学生最多有（A）.8名（B）.7名（C）.6名（D）.5名（E）.4名答案：B4.甲、乙两人同时从A点出发，沿400米跑道同向匀速行走，25分钟后乙比甲少走了一圈，若乙行走一圈需要8分钟，则甲的速度是（单位：米/分钟）（A）、62 （B）65 （C）.66 （D）.67 （E）.69答案：C5.甲、乙两商店同事购进了一批某品牌的电视机，当甲店售出15台时乙售出了10台，此时两店的库存之比为8:7，库存之差为5，甲、乙两商店的总进货量为？（A）75 （B）80 (C)85 (D)100 (E)125答案：D6. 已知 f(x)= + + … + ,则f(8)=（A ）（B ）（C ）（D ）（E ）答案：E7.如图1，在直角三角形ABC 中，AC=4,BC=3,DE//BC,已知梯形BCED 的面积为3，则DE 的长为（A ）(B)+1 (C) -4 (D) (E)+1答案：D8. 点（0,4）关于直线2X+y+1=0的对称点为（）A 、（2,0）（B ）、（-3,0）（C ）、（-6,1）（D ）、（4，2）（E ）、（-4,2）答案：E9. 将体积为4πcm 3和32πcm 3的两个实心金属球溶化后铸成一个实心大球，则大球的表面积是（）（A ）32π cm 2 （B ）36π cm 2 （C ）38π cm 2 （D ）40π cm 2 （E ）42π cm 2 答案：B A E C DB图 110.在的展开式中，的值（A）5 （B）10 （C）45 （D）90 （E）95答案：E11.已知10件商品中有4件一等品，从中任取2件，至少有1件为一等品的概率（A）1/3 （B）2/3 （C）2/15 （D）8/15 （E）13/15答案：B12. 有一批水果要装箱，一名熟练工单独装箱需要10天，每天报酬为200元；一名普通工单独装箱需要15天，每天报酬为120元。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类(A级)试题(三)

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试综合类（A级）试题（三）第5部分：补全短文(第46-50题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

Toads are Arthritic and in PainArthritis (关节炎)is an illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍),a big problem in the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs. _____________ (46)The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into thenorth-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 in an attempt to stop beetles and other insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometres.__________(47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. ___________(48)A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometre a night___________(49) But speed and strength come at a price-arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃).__________(50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.A. Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia's native species.B. Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.C. But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer fromarthritis.D. But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.E. The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.F. Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances，while the others are being leftbehind.第6部分：完形填空（第51-65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

2013年考过的作文题

2013年考过的作文题：（年初至8月25日）●Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? An effective leaderwill make others feel like they are a part of making decisions.●Do you agree or disagree with the following statement：People should makesure that others (especially influential people and potential employers) know their strengths and accomplishments. If they do not do this, it is hard for them to achieve success.●Agree or disagree, young people now are more likely to help others thanyoung people were in the past.●The location you live has more influence on your happiness than the kind ofjob you have●Our society today is so busy and crowded that people do not need to bepolite to each other●do you agree or disagree young people today are more likely to give timeand effort to improving the world than young people were in the past●Movies and TV programs made in one’s own country are more interestingthan those made in other countries.● A leader should admit if they made a bad decision. Use specific reasons andexamples to support your answer.●It is easier for parents to raise children today than it does 50 years ago. ●Despite the fact that many countries say they care about environmentalproblems, the environmental situation will not improve significantly in the future●Which of the following do you think contributes the most to an enjoyablevacation? Good Food;Good Location;Good Friends to travel with.●A&D：It's more important for governments to spend money to support artmuseum and music performance than support recreational facilities(playground,swimming pool).●People often buy products not because they really need them but becauseother people have them.●The government should support scientific research even if there’s nopractical use.●当代年轻人比父母辈、祖父辈年轻的时候个人、工作压力大多了●Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is more fun towatch a movie in a cinema (or theatre) than to watch a movie at home.●Do you agree or disagree with the statement that the way a person dressesis a good indication of his/her personality and character.●Do you agree or disagree: People would be happier if they had fewerpossessions.●A&D：People in the past were more friendly than they are today●Parents spend too much time to help their children to determine theirfuture; children should be allowed to make choices on their own.●It is impossible to be completely honest with friends.●Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: University shouldspend more money supporting social activities rather than improving the food students eat.●it is important to have rules about types of clothing of people work or inschool●do you agree about the statement: is it important for families to haveregularly meals together.●Do you agree about the statement: scientists are not responsible for thenegative impacts of their discoveries.。

(完整word版)2013 MBA英语二真题及答案详解

2013 MBA英语二真题及答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over[C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call forSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog i s there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage”refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carrytoo long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced”long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Alt hough technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ”is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews, or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for three months gives you ?21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don’t think it’s hard er for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I alsoway.47 Writingsuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2)encourage them to participate 100 words use LiMing.Don't write your address.48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart ,and(2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words.1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

2013MBA mpa mpacc英语二真题及答案详解7.doc

2013MBA mpa mpacc英语二真题及答案详解72013MBA英语二真题及答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET1.(10points)Given the advantages of electronic money,you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically.1a true cashless society is probably not around the corner.Indeed,predictions have been2for two decades but have not yet come to fruition.For example,Business Week predicted in1975that electronic means of payment would soon"revolutionize the very3of money itself,"only to4itself several years later.Why has the movement to a cashless society been so5in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper,several factors work6the disappearance of the paper system.First,it is very7to set up the computer,card reader,and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the8form of payment Second,paper checkshave the advantage that they9receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to10.Third,the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of"float"-it takes several days11a check is cashed and funds are 12from the issuer's account,which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime.13electronic payments arc immediate,they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth,electronic means of payment may14security and privacy concerns.We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information15there.The fact that this is not an16occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and17from someone else's accounts.The18of this type of fraud is no easy task,and a new field of computer science is developing to19security issues.A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic20that contains a large amount of personal data.There are concerns that government,employers,and marketers might be able to access these data,thereby violating our privacy.1.[A]However[B]Moreover[C]Therefore[D]Otherwise2.[A]off[B]back[C]over[D]around3.[A]power[B]concept[C]history[D]role4.[A]reward[B]resist[C]resume[D]reverse5.[A]silent[B]sudden[C]slow[D]steady6.[A]for[B]against[C]with[D]on7.[A]imaginative[B]expensive[C]sensitive[D]productive8.[A]similar[B]original[C]temporary[D]dominant9.[A]collect[B]provide[C]copy[D]print10.[A]give up[B]take over[C]bring back[D]pass down11.[A]before[B]after[C]since[D]when12.[A]kept[B]borrowed[C]released[D]withdrawn13.[A]Unless[B]Until[C]Because[D]Though14.[A]hide[B]express[C]raise[D]ease15.[A]analyzed[B]shared[C]stored[D]displayed16.[A]unsafe[B]unnatural[C]uncommon[D]unclear17.[A]steal[B]choose[C]benefit[D]return18.[A]consideration[B]prevention[C]manipulation[D]justificati on19.[A]cope with[B]fight against[C]adapt to[D]call for20.[A]chunk[B]chip[C]path[D]trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(40points)Text1In an essay entitled“Making It in America”,the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated:The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog.The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution,which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past,workers with average skills,doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle,But,today,average is officially over.Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor,cheap robotics,cheap software,cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore,everyoneneeds to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes,new technology has been eating jobs forever,and always will.But there’s been an acceleration.As Davidson notes,”In the10years ending in2009,[U.S.]factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous70years;roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about6million in total-disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs,new products,new services.But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T.revolution,the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over,there are many things we need to do to support employment,but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21.The joke in Paragraph1is used to illustrate_______[A]the impact of technological advances[B]the alleviation of job pressure[C]the shrinkage of textile mills[D]the decline of middle-class incomes22.According to Paragraph3,to be a successful employee,one has to______[A]work on cheap software[B]ask for a moderate salary[C]adopt an average lifestyle[D]contribute something unique23.The quotation in Paragraph4explains that______[A]gains of technology have been erased[B]job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C]factories are making much less money than before[D]new jobs and services have been offered24.According to the author,to reduce unemployment,the most important is_____[A]to accelerate the I.T.revolution[B]to ensure more education for people[C]ro advance economic globalization[D]to pass more bills in the21st century25.Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A]New Law Takes Effect[B]Technology Goes Cheap[C]Average Is Over[D]Recession Is BadText2A century ago,the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners.Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay,and7millin people arrived while about2million departed.About a quarter of all Italian immigrants,for exanmle,eventually returned to Italy for good.They even had an affectionate nickname,“uccelli di passaggio,”birds of passage.Today,we are much more rigid about immigrants.We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal,good or bad.We hail them as Americans in the making,or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it.We don’t need more categories,but we need to change the way we think about categories.We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal.To start,we can recognize the new birds of passage,those living and thriving in the gray areas.We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers,violinists,construction workers,entrepreneurs,engineers,home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage.They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work,money and ideas.They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them,They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission,they straddle laws,jurisdictions and identities with ease.We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever.We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle.Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes.Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26“Birds of passage”refers to those who____[A]immigrate across the Atlantic.[B]leave their home countries for good.[C]stay in a foregin temporaily.[D]find permanent jobs overseas.27It is implied in paragraph2that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A]needs new immigrant categories.[B]has loosened control over immigrants.[C]should be adopted to meet challenges.[D]has been fixeed via political means.。

2013考研英语作文真题范文

2013考研英语作文真题范文[正文]As an essential part of the national postgraduate entrance examination, the English writing section carries great significance in evaluating the language proficiency and writing abilities of the candidates. In the 2013 exam, the writing topic given was "The Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet-based Education". Let's take a look at a possible sample essay below.Internet-based Education: Bridging Gaps or Creating Wider Divides?Introduction:Internet-based education, a breakthrough in modern educational methods, has become increasingly prevalent worldwide. It has brought about numerous advantages, such as convenience and accessibility, but at the same time, it also presents certain drawbacks. This essay will discuss both the benefits and limitations of internet-based education.Advantages of Internet-based Education:1. Flexible Learning:One of the greatest benefits of internet-based education is flexibility. Learners can access online courses and materials anytime, anywhere. This caters to the needs of working professionals or individuals with other commitments who might find it challenging to attend traditional face-to-face classes.2. Global Reach:With internet-based education, geographical barriers are no longer a hindrance. Students from different parts of the world can interact with their peers or instructors, enabling them to experience diverse cultural perspectives and broaden their horizons.3. Interactive Learning:Online platforms often provide interactive learning methods, such as discussion forums, video conferences, and virtual classrooms. These tools facilitate active participation and collaboration among students, enhancing the learning experience for individuals who thrive in a social learning environment.Disadvantages of Internet-based Education:1. Lack of Face-to-Face Interaction:In internet-based education, the absence of face-to-face interaction could be a major drawback. Direct interaction with teachers and classmates allows for immediate feedback and a more engaging learning experience. Without physical presence, students might feel isolated and miss out on social connections and networking opportunities.2. Technical Challenges:Internet-based education heavily relies on stable internet connections and access to computers or mobile devices. In areas with limited resources or poor infrastructure, many students might face difficulties in accessing online materials or attending virtual classes, creating a digital divide among learners.3. Self-discipline and Motivation:Unlike traditional classroom settings, internet-based education requires strong self-discipline and self-motivation from students. Without proper guidance and structure, some learners might struggle to stay motivated and engaged, leading to decreased learning outcomes.Conclusion:Internet-based education, with its convenience and global reach, provides ample opportunities for individuals seeking flexible learning options. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential drawbacks, such as the lack of face-to-face interaction and technical challenges. To maximize the benefits of internet-based education, institutions and students alike must work together to address these limitations.In conclusion, despite its advantages, internet-based education is not a one-size-fits-all solution. Balancing the benefits with the potential drawbacks is essential for harnessing the true power of this innovative educational method.[文章结束]。

2013年托福考试写作真题

2013年1月12日An effective leader should try to make others feel that they are part of the decision making process.2013年1月13日It is important to make sure that others know about your strengths and accomplishments; if you are not so, you will be never successful in life.2013年1月26日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people today are more likely to help others than young people in the past.2013年1月27日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: the place people choose to live has more effect on happiness than the job people choose.2013年3月2日Do you agree or disagree: The world is busy and crowded; we should not expect people to be polite to others.2013年3月3日Do you agree or disagree：young people today are more likely to give time and effort to improve the world than young people were in the past.2013年3月16日Movies and TV programs made in one’s own country are more interesting than those made in other countries.2013年3月17日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: A leader should admit if they made a bad decision. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013年3月24日It is easier for parents to raise children today than it does 50 years ago2013年3月30日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Though many countries nowadays pay special attention to environmental problems (such as pollution or global warming), the environmental situation will not be improved in the future. 2013年4月14日Which of the following do you think contributes the most to an enjoyable vacation?A. Good FoodB. Good LocationC. Good Friends to travel with2013年4月20日Do you agree or disagree that with the following statement? It’s more important for the government to spend money to build art museums and music performance centers than to build recreational facilities (such as swimming pool and playgrounds).重复2009.9.19北美.2013年5月11日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Governments should spend money on scientific research even if it has no practical value?2013年5月26日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The personal andwork-related challenges that young people face today are not very different from the challenges their parents and grandparents faced in the past.2013年6月8日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more fun to see a movie in the cinema with other people than see a movie at home.2013年6月15日Do you agree or disagree with the statement? The way a person dresses is a good indication of his/her personality and character.2013年6月30日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People will be happier if they have fewer possessions?2013年7月13日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People rely on their neighbors less now than they did in the past.2013年7月14日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are more friendly in the past than today.2013年7月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents now spend too much time on determining the futures of their children; children should be allowed to make their own choices.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is impossible to be completely honest with your friends.2013年8月17日Would you rather your school spend money social events and facilities or on improving the cafeteria menus? Use specific examples to support your answer. 2013年8月24日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is important to have rules about the types of clothing that people are allowed to wear at work and at school.2013年8月25日第一套Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It’s less important to eat with families regularly nowadays.第二套Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Some scientists are responsible for the negative impacts that are made by their discoveries.2013年9月1日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Only movies that can teach us something about real life is worth watching.2013年9月8日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? To increase economic growth, the government should ignore environmental concerns. Use specific examples to support your answer.2013年9月14日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who keep their room neat and organized are more likely to be successful in the future.2013年9月28日When you are assigned an important presentation for work or school, you prefer to work on it right away so that you can work on it a little bit every day, or wait until you have a good idea about the presentation.2013年9月29日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? University students should be required to take history courses no matter what filed they study.第一套Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? In order to succeed, we should be more like others than be different from others.2008.10.12NA/2010.2.7ML第二套Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who move out of native village or town are more successful and happier than people who stay in their native village or town. 2011.2.20ML.2013年10月20日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is always better to purchase in large stores than in several small shops that specialize in different items.2013年10月27日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Student activities do as much benefit as academic study. (重复2012.7.6NA)2013年11月2日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is better for people to have friends who are intelligent than to have friends who have a good sense of humor.2013年11月23日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers’ performance should be evaluated by students rather than by other teachers.2013年11月24日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People who leave home for the city are more likely to be successful and happier than people who remain in village. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.2013年12月1日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? All school teachers should be required to take courses every five years to update their knowledge. 2013年12月7日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government must make choice about how to spend its money on amusing the people. Given the choice between spending tax dollars on art or sports, it should choose to spend those dollars on art.第一套Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is easier to maintain good health nowadays than it was in the past.第二套Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Students nowadays do not respect teachers as much as they did in the past.2013年12月21日Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Advertising is less honest than in the past. For this reason, it is not useful for people to choose products to buy.2013年12月28日Should children spend most time playing and studying, or they should be required to help the family with household chores, like cooking and cleaning?。

2013管理类联考综合能力真题—完整版

2013管理类联考综合能力真题—完整版说明：由于试题为一题多卷，因此现场试卷中的选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序。

请在核对答案时注意题目和选项的具体内容。

一、问题求解：第1~15小题，每小题3分，共45分。

下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。

请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。

1.某工厂生产一批零件，计划10天完成，实际2天完成，则每天生产量比计划平均提高了（A）、15% （B）、20% （C）、25% （D）、30% （E）、35%2.某工程由甲公司承包需60天，甲、乙共同承包需28天，由乙、丙两公司共同承包需35天完成，则由丙公司承包完成该工程所需的天数为（A）、85 （B）、90 （C）、95 （D）、100 （E）、1053.甲班有30名学生，在一次满分为100分的考试中，全班的平均成绩为90分，则成绩低于60分的学生最多有（A）.8名（B）.7名（C）.6名（D）.5名（E）.4名4.甲、乙两人同时从A点出发，沿400米跑道同向匀速行走，25分钟后乙比甲少走了一圈，若乙行走一圈需要8分钟，则甲的速度是（单位：米/分钟）（A）、62 （B）65 （C）.66 （D）.67 （E）.695.甲、乙两商店同事购进了一批某品牌的电视机，当甲店售出15台时乙售出了…台，此时两店的库存之比为8:7，库存之差为5，甲、乙两商店的总…为？（A）75 （B）80 (C)85 (D)100 (E)1256. 已知f(x)= + + … + ,则f(8)=（A）（B）（C）（D）（E）7.如图1，在直角三角形ABC中，AC=4,BC=3,DE//BC,已知梯形BCED的面积为3，则DE的长为（A） (B) +1(C) -4 (D)(E) +18. 点（0,4）关于直线2X+y+1=0的对称点为（）A、（2,0）（B）、（-3,0）（C）、（-6,1）（D）、（4，2）（E）、（-4,2）9. 将体积为4πcm3和32πcm3的两个实心金属球溶化后铸成一个实心大球，则大球的表面积是（）（A）32π cm2 （B）36π cm2 （C）38π cm2 （D）40π cm2 （E）42π cm210.在的展开式中，的值（A）5 （B）10 （C）45 （D）90 （E）9511.已知10件商品中有4件一等品，从中任取2件，至少有1件为一等品的概率（A）1/3 （B）2/3 （C）2/15 （D）8/15 （E）13/1512. 有一批水果要装箱，一名熟练工单独装箱需要10天，每天报酬为200元；一名普通工单独装箱需要15天，每天报酬为120元。

2013部分北美写作真题

2013.3.2Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People should state their honest opinions even though they know others will disagree with their views.2013.3.22Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Though modern agricultural practices damage the environment, feeding the world's growing population is more important than protecting against environmental damage.2013.4.6Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers are appreciated and valued nowadays not as much as they were before.2013.4.27Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to reduce air pollution is that government to raise the cost of fuel（petrol）of the cars. Do you agree this statement or not. Explain your position.2013.6.8Some students prefer to have their final grades determined by numerous small assignments, whereas others prefer to have their final grades determined by only a few large ones. Which do you prefer and why?2013.9.13Many high school students are doing a lot of school work already. Some people believe that students should help their parents with household chores, since it’s the best way to give them a sense of responsibility.2013.9.27Some people argue using a cleaner energy to protect the environment, but some people says the traditional energy sources such as coal and oil is less expensive, what is your suggestion?2013.9.28Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Society benefits more from works of great artists than from political leaders.2013.10.5Some people think that it is an important part of a chi ld’s education to go on field trips (for example, museums), other people think a child’s time is better spent learning in a classroom at school. What is your opinion?2013.10.11When making major purchase (for example, car or laptop), our decisions can be influenced by different sources of information. Explain how each of the following sources of information can influence your decision.1.Recommendations from friends or colleaguesrmation from media (for example, TV, magazines, newspapers)3.Recommendations from sales person in store2013.10.19Students must take a class in which they learn a practical skill. School administrators are trying to decide whether to hold a class in cooking, managing personal finances or auto repair. Which do you think the school should require students to take? Why?2013.11.16Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The government is not educating people enough about the importance of living a balanced and healthy life style.2013.11.22Scientists have been working to make technology easier and human friendly. How do you think technology had affected our lives?2013.12.6The most important investment that can be made to the education of children aged four to seven is giving them computer.2013.12.7If people are on vacation, they should leave their mobile phones at home.2013.12.14The more money people have, the more they should give away to charity.。

2013年MBA英语写作十篇写作题

马全海第一套样题作文：In the past, many Chinese people worried that they wouldn’t have enough food, and most people worked hard just to feed the family. But now, we have too much choice of food, and many people in big cities even want to limit their diet. I think that is mainly because our country has been much richer than before. Our food industry has been developed and can produce more food than before. I am sure that as our country becomes more developed, this situation will be further improved. In the future, Chinese people will not only limit their diet, but also pay more attention to the healthiness of food.第二套样题作文:People have different ideas about what makes a good student. Some people believe that those who have high scores are good students, but some others think that those who are active are good students.2.But in my opinion, basic knowledge and other qualities are both important. We should not emphasize one aspect but neglect the other. A student should not only study hard, but also take part in the activities at school. 3. If a student wants to deal with the work and people in their future job, he must pay attention to the development of these abilities.第三套样题作文：1. People have different ways of life and different purpose in life. Some people live to make money, but others want to enjoy life.2. For me, I live for my family.3. Whenever I think my family can live a better life if I work hard, I have more energy to work. In the future, I will work harder and make more money. With the money, I can buy big house for my family and take them to beautiful places to travel.I will be very happy if my dream can come true. This is the purpose of my life.第四篇样题：We live in a modern society, and science is influencing every aspect of our life. Every morning, the first thing we do is to turn on our mobile phones and computers. We can talk friends very easily even if we are very far from each other. Life is much easier because we have washing machine to wash our dirty clothes. However, some very good memory is getting farther from us. We no longer write letters with our pens. We don’t have time to talk with our family because mobile phones and computers take up most of our free time.In my opinion, we should make some changes. We should make use of technology, but not let it ruin our life.第五套样题：Nowadays, as computer becomes more and more widely used, learning on line is getting more and more popular. But just like every coin has two sides, online study has both advantages and disadvantages.On the one hand, there is rich information on line. Whenever we have difficulties, we can search for information on the internet. On the other hand, spending too much time on line has its problems. Staying on line for too long is not good to our health.Besides, it can not give us the feeling of touching the paper books.Therefore, we should make use of the modern technology, but should depend too much on it.作文样题：1. People have different opinions on reading. Some people think we should read extensively, but others think that we should read selectively. For those who choose to read extensively, they want to know many different aspects in life. But for those who want to read selectively, they think reading in too many aspects can distract their attention. They think that we should focus our limited energy on a few aspects that we are interested in.As for me, I will read selectively on a few fields I am especially interested in, but extensively on others.2.As computer and the internet become more widely used, shopping via internet is being accepted by more and more people.Shopping on the internet is very convenient. We don’t have to go to the stores to buy what we want, and we can easily find things on websites. Besides, the price is much lower on cyber-shop because they have lower costs to run such stores. They don’t have to rent the store and hire shop-assistants. However, the drawbacks/ disadvantages are also very clear. We can’t see and touch the products we buy. Sometimes they are of low quality; some times they just don’t fit us.To cope with the new trend, traditional sales industry should try to improve their service and reduce their price.3.Housing has become the most concerned issue in ourcountry. Whenever you go, you hear people talk about housing price. Here are my suggestions on the solution to the problem.First, the government should build more houses and rent them to the poor people at low rates. Second, the government should make some policies to limit the investment in housing industry. Investment is the basic reason of housing problem in our country. Besides, I think that if young people don’t have the ability to buy a house in big cities, they can move to small cities. They will have less pressure there.As our country becomes more developed, I am sure in the future, people will not rush to big cities any more, and the housing price will be lower.4.Among the various careers we may choose from, I think becoming a doctor is my ideal job in the future. There are mainly two reasons why I choose to be a doctor.For one thing, if I become a doctor, I can work to relieve the pain of the patients and save the lives of the sick. I have a dream that someday I can develop a new medicine to cure cancer. For another, doctors are always respected in our country. The whiteuniforms of doctors are considered pure and holy.To be a doctor, I will have to work hard in medical courses. Besides, I have to learn English because I want to know about the medicine of western countries.5.Nowadays, more and more people are buying private cars. As a result, traffic problems are becoming very serious in Chinese cities. Therefore, many experts suggest people to take public transportation.Public transportation can help to solve the traffic problems. It’s much cheaper to go out by bus or by subway than by cars. Besides, public transportation causes less pollution to the environment. However, the public transportation in big cities is not good enough to solve the traffic problems. During rush hours, the bus and subway will be so crowded that you can not easily get on.To solve such problems, on the one hand, we can advocate people to take public transportation. On the other hand, the government should work to improve subways or bus lines.6.Nowadays, the learning of foreign language is very popular in our country. Different people have different reasons. Some learn to take exams, some want to prepare for their future job, and some are just interested in it. If you want to learn English well, I have the following suggestions:First of all, once you decide to learn it, you should stick to it. If you want to learn a language, you should learn it every day.Second, you must try to find opportunities to use the language you have recently learned.Besides, vocabulary is the most basic thing of a language. If you don’t know how to start, just memorize some words.7.In our country, more and more young people choose to start their career in big cities because they think that there are more opportunities in big cities. But in my opinion, such a choice is not surely correct. When we live in big cities, we do have more opportunity in work, but there is also more stress, because too many people compete for one position. Big cities have better hospitals, but there are always too many patients waiting to be cured. I have a teacher who works in Shanghai. He is too busy to enjoy life. He even doesn’t have time to marry.So if I were to make a choice, I would prefer small cities.8.Education is the most important thing for a country. But in our country, the education, especially higher education, there are a lot of problems. The most important one is that our education can not meet the practical use of the new century.In our education, students learn to take exams, because we put too much emphasis on scores. Therefore, we must promote the reform of our education and really carry out quality-education. To do this, educators must first know what kind of people the labormarket needs, and then adjust their teaching materials and methods.9Nov. 27, 2011Dear Chairman,I am foreign student of our college. I am writing the letter to apply for joining in the student union to enrich my college life. Now I would like to introduce myself to you.I am from America. My name is Mike. I am very interested in playing table tennis, and I have been playing it for more than 5 years. Chinese people are known to the world for table tennis, so I think your club must be of a very high level. I hope that I will have the opportunity to play with you. Would you please give me some information about your club and activities?I am looking forward to your early reply.Thanks a lot.SincerelyMike 10.Everyone wants to succeed. But everyone has different definition to success. In my opinion, there are mainly two factors for success.First, if you love what you do, stick to it, and enjoy the benefits it brings, you are successful.Second, in any career, there are setbacks and hardships. If you are not defeated and overcome the difficulties, you are also successful.To be a really successful person, you don’t need to be very rich, and a very rich person is not surely successful. Success is how you look at life. If you have a correct attitude toward failure and success, you are already very successful.。

2013MBA英语二真题及答案详解

2013 MBA英语二真题及答案详解Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over[C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Davidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,”a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog i s there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson’s article is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average just won’t earn you what it used to. It can’t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there’s been an acceleration. As Davidsonnotes,”In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shed workers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We don’t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today’s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage”refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today’s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren’t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percentfaster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we’re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice”information reliably only after we ground such snap reactions in “thick sliced”long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. But historically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might change the way we react, it hasn’t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]‘‘thin sliced ’’study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author’s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelmingly male .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of 40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don’t like quotas,”Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.”Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,”according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding’s reluctance-and her frustration. I don’t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position—no matter how much “soft pressure ”is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children’s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union’s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding’s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The author’s attitude toward Reding’s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked or juiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil letyou have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for three months gives you ?21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus. It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat.Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I’ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side.I don’t think it’s hard er for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn’t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.47 Writingsuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2)encourage them to participate 100 words use LiMing.Don't write your address.48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart ,and(2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words.1．【答案】A（However）【解析】空前作者讲到“鉴于电子货币的优势,你也许会认为,我们将快速步入非现金社会,实现完全电子支付。

2013mba答案：英语（完整版）

⽆忧考为⼴⼤考⽣整理了2013mba答案：英语：英语，供⼴⼤考⽣参考： 2013mba英语答案(完整版) Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming? Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there. Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy. 1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise 2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around 3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role 4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse 5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady 6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on 7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive 8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant 9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print 10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down 11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when 12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn 13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though 14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease 15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed 16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear 17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return 18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification 19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for 20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail 答案： 1-5: ADBDC 6-10: BBDBA 11-15: ADCCC 16-20: CABAD 【答案详解】 1. [标准答案] [A] [考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系 [选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原⽂信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(⼀个⽆现⾦社会不太可能马上出现)，⽽⽂章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进⼊⼀个⽆现⾦社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。

2013mba真题答案：英语

⽆忧考为⼴⼤考⽣整理了2013mba真题答案：英语，供⼴⼤考⽣参考： 2013mba英语答案(完整版) Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points) Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. ___1___, a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions of such a society have been ___2___ for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment “would soon revolutionize the very ___3___ of money itself,” only to___4___ itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so ___5___ in coming? Although e-money might be more convenient and may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work __6___ the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very ___7___ to set up the computer, card reader, and telecommunications networks necessary to make electronic money the ___8___ form of payment. Second, paper checks have the advantage that they ___9___ receipts, something that many consumers are unwilling to ___10___. Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float"-it takes several days ___11___ a check is cashed and funds are ___12___ from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can earn interest on the funds in the meantime. ___13___ electronic payments are immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer. Fourth, electronic means of payment ___14___ security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information ___15___ there. Because this is not an ___16___ occurrence, unscrupulous persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and ___17___ funds by moving them from someone else’s accounts into their own. The ___18___ of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a whole new field of computer science has developed to ___19___ security issues. A further concern is that the use of electronic means of payment leaves an electronic ___20___ that contains a large amount of personal data on buying habits. There are worries that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby encroaching on our privacy. 1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise 2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around 3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role 4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse 5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady 6. [A] for [B] against [C]with [D] on 7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive 8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant 9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print 10. [A] give up [B] take over [C] bring back [D] pass down 11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when 12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn 13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though 14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease 15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed 16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear 17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return 18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification 19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for 20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trail 答案： 1-5: ADBDC 6-10: BBDBA 11-15: ADCCC 16-20: CABAD 【答案详解】 1. [标准答案] [A] [考点分析] 本题考察逻辑关系 [选项分析] 因为考察逻辑关系，所以需要我们先对填空前后的原⽂信息做定位分析：填空之后的信息为”a true cashless society is probably not around the corner .”(⼀个⽆现⾦社会不太可能马上出现)，⽽⽂章之前的信息都是在说我们可能马上就进⼊⼀个⽆现⾦社会，两者之间出现了明显的转折关系，因此只有however符合题意。

2013年管理类联考MBA：英语真题

2013年管理类联考MBA：英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Given the advantages of electronic money, you might think that we would move quickly to the cashless society in which all payments are made electronically. 1 a true cashless society is probably not around the corner. Indeed, predictions have been 2 for two decades but have not yet come to fruition. For example, Business Week predicted in 1975 that electronic means of payment would soon "revolutionize the very 3 of money itself," only to 4 itself several years later. Why has the movement to a cashless society been so 5 in coming?Although electronic means of payment may be more efficient than a payments system based on paper, several factors work 6 the disappearance of the paper system. First, it is very 7 to set up the computer, card reader, and telecornmunications networks necessary to make electronic money the 8 form of payment Second, paper checks have the advantage that they 9 receipts, something thai many consumers are unwilling to 10 . Third, the use of paper checks gives consumers several days of "float" - it takes several days 11 a check is cashed and funds are 12 from the issuer's account, which means that the writer of the check can cam interest on the funds in the meantime. 13 electronic payments arc immediate, they eliminate the float for the consumer.Fourth, electronic means of payment may 14 security and privacy concerns. We often hear media reports that an unauthorized hacker has been able to access a computer database and to alter information 15 there. The fact that this is not an 16 occurrence means that dishonest persons might be able to access bank accounts in electronic payments systems and 17 from someone else's accounts. The 18 of this type of fraud is no easy task, and a new field of computer science is developing to 19 security issues. A further concern is that the use of e lectronic means of payment leaves an electronic 20 that contains a large amount of personal data. There are concerns that government, employers, and marketers might be able to access these data, thereby violating our privacy.1. [A] However [B] Moreover [C] Therefore [D] Otherwise2. [A] off [B] back [C] over [D] around3. [A] power [B] concept [C] history [D] role4. [A] reward [B] resist [C] resume [D] reverse5. [A] silent [B] sudden [C] slow [D] steady6. [A] for [B] against [C] with [D] on7. [A] imaginative [B] expensive [C] sensitive [D] productive8. [A] similar [B] original [C] temporary [D] dominant9. [A] collect [B] provide [C] copy [D] print10. [A] give up [B] take over[C] bring back [D] pass down11. [A] before [B] after [C] since [D] when12. [A] kept [B] borrowed [C] released [D] withdrawn13. [A] Unless [B] Until [C] Because [D] Though14. [A] hide [B] express [C] raise [D]ease15. [A] analyzed [B] shared [C] stored [D] displayed16. [A] unsafe [B] unnatural [C] uncommon [D] unclear17. [A] steal [B] choose [C] benefit [D] return18. [A] consideration [B] prevention [C] manipulation [D] justification19. [A] cope with [B] fight against [C] adapt to [D] call for20. [A] chunk [B] chip [C] path [D] trailSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1In an essay entitled “Making It in America”, the author Adam Da vidson relates a joke from cotton about just how much a modern textile mill has been automated: The average mill only two employees today,” a man and a dog. The man is there to feed the dog is there to keep the man away from the machines.”Davidson‟s art icle is one of a number of pieces that have recently appeared making the point that the reason we have such stubbornly high unemployment and declining middle-class incomes today is also because of the advances in both globalization and the information technology revolution, which are more rapidly than ever replacing labor with machines or foreign worker.In the past, workers with average skills, doing an average job，could earn an average lifestyle ,But ,today ,average is officially over. Being average jus t won‟t earn you what it used to. It can‟t when so many more employers have so much more access to so much more above average cheap foreign labor, cheap robotics, cheap software, cheap automation and cheap genius. Therefore, everyone needs to find their extra-their unique value contribution that makes them stand out in whatever is their field of employment.Yes, new technology has been eating jobs forever, and always will. But there‟s been an acceleration. As Davidson notes,” In the 10 years ending in 2009, [U.S.] factories shedworkers so fast that they erased almost all the gains of the previous 70 years; roughly one out of every three manufacturing jobs-about 6 million in total -disappeared.There will always be changed-new jobs, new products, new services. But the one thing we know for sure is that with each advance in globalization and the I.T. revolution, the best jobs will require workers to have more and better education to make themselves above average.In a world where average is officially over, there are many things we need to do to support employment, but nothing would be more important than passing some kind of G.I.Bill for the 21st century that ensures that every American has access to poet-high school education.21. The joke in Paragraph 1 is used to illustrate_______[A] the impact of technological advances[B] the alleviation of job pressure[C] the shrinkage of textile mills[D] the decline of middle-class incomes22. According to Paragraph 3, to be a successful employee, one has to______[A] work on cheap software[B] ask for a moderate salary[C] adopt an average lifestyle[D] contribute something unique23. The quotation in Paragraph 4 explains that ______[A] gains of technology have been erased[B] job opportunities are disappearing at a high speed[C] factories are making much less money than before[D] new jobs and services have been offered24. According to the author, to reduce unemployment, the most important is_____[A] to accelerate the I.T. revolution[B] to ensure more education for people[C] ro advance economic globalization[D] to pass more bills in the 21st century25. Which of the following would be the most appropriate title for the text?[A] New Law Takes Effect[B] Technology Goes Cheap[C] Average Is Over[D] Recession Is BadText 2A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic inclued settlers and sojourners. Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States camethose who had no intention to stay, and 7millin people arrived while about 2 million departed. About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for exanmle, eventually returned to Italy for good. They even had an affectionate nickname, “uccelli di passaggio,” birds of passage.Today, we are much more rigid about immigrants. We divide nemcomers into two categories: legal or illegal, good or bad. We hail them as Americans in the making, or our broken immigrantion system and the long political paralysis over how to fix it. We d on‟t need more categories, but we need to change the way we think about categories. We need to look beyond strick definitions of legal and illegal. To start, we can recognize the new birds of passage, those living and thriving in the gray areas. We might then begin to solve our immigration challenges.Crop pickers, violinists, construction workers, entrepreneurs, engineers, home health-care aides and physicists are among today‟s birds of passage. They are energetic participants in a global economy driven by the flow of work, money and ideas .They prefer to come and go as opportunity calls them , They can manage to have a job in one place and a family in another.With or without permission, they straddle laws, jurisdictions and identities with ease. We need them to imagine the United States as a place where they can be productive for a while without committing themselves to staying forever. We need them to feel that home can be both here and there and that they can belong to two nations honorably.Accommodating this new world of people in motion will require new attitudes on both sides of the immigration battle .Looking beyond the culture war logic of right or wrong means opening up the middle ground and understanding that managing immigration today requires multiple paths and multiple outcomes. Including some that are not easy to accomplish legally in the existing system.26 “Birds of passage” refers to those who____[A] immigrate across the Atlantic.[B] leave their home countries for good.[C] stay in a foregin temporaily.[D] find permanent jobs overseas.27 It is implied in paragraph 2 that the current immigration stystem in the US____[A] needs new immigrant categories.[B] has loosened control over immigrants.[C] should be adopted to meet challenges.[D] has been fixeed via political means.28 According to the author, today‟s birds of passage want___[A] fiancial incentives.[B] a global recognition.[C] opportunities to get regular jobs.[D] the freedom to stay and leave.29 The author suggests that the birds of passage today should be treated __[A] as faithful partners.[B] with economic favors.[C] with regal tolerance.[D] as mighty rivals.30 选出最适合文章的标题[A] come and go: big mistake.[B] living and thriving : great risk.[C] with or without : great risk.[D] legal or illegal: big mistake.Text 3Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hard-wired responses.Snap decisions can be important defense mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliseconds. But we need more time to assess other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to judge complex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.But sna p decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren‟t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliseconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry those impulses into whatever else we‟re doing, Subjects exposed to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.Yet we can reverse such influences. If we know we will overreact to consumer products or housing options when we see a happy face (one reason good sales representatives and real estate agents are always smiling), we can take a moment before buying. If we know female job screeners are more likely to reject attractive female applicants, we can help screeners understand their biases-or hire outside screeners.John Gottman, the marriage expert, explains that we quickly “thin slice” information reliably only after we ground such s nap reactions in “thick sliced” long-term study. When Dr. Gottman really wants to assess whether a couple will stay together, he invites them to his island retreat for a muck longer evaluation; two days, not two seconds.Our ability to mute our hard-wired reactions by pausing is what differentiates us from animals: doge can think about the future only intermittently or for a few minutes. Buthistorically we have spent about 12 percent of our days contemplating the longer term. Although technology might ch ange the way we react, it hasn‟t changed our nature. We still have the imaginative capacity to rise above temptation and reverse the high-speed trend.31. The time needed in making decisions may____.[A] vary according to the urgency of the situation[B] prove the complexity of our brain reaction[C] depend on the importance of the assessment[D] predetermine the accuracy of our judgment32. Our reaction to a fast-food logo shows that snao decisions____.[A] can be associative[B] are not unconscious[C] can be dangerous[D] are not impulsive33. Toreverse the negative influences of snap decisions,we should____.[A] trust our first impression[B] do as people usually do[C] think before we act[D] ask for expert advice34. John Gottman says that reliable snap reaction are based on____.[A] critical assessment[B]……thin sliced ‟‟study[C] sensible explanation[D] adequate information35. The author‟s attitude toward reversing the high-speed trend is____.[A] tolerant[B] uncertain[C] optimistic[D] doubtfulText 4Europe is not a gender-equality heaven.In particular, the corporate workplace will never be completely family—friendly until women are part of senior management decisions,and Europe,s top corporate-governance positions remain overwhelminglymale .indeed,women hold only 14 percent of positions on Europe corporate boards.The Europe Union is now considering legislation to compel corporate boards to maintain a certain proportion of women-up to 60 percent.This proposed mandate was born of frustration. Last year, Europe Commission Vice President Viviane Reding issued a call to voluntary action. Reding invited corporations to sign up for gender balance goal of40 percent female board membership. But her appeal was considered a failure: only 24 companies took it up.Do we need quotas to ensure that women can continue to climb the corporate Ladder fairy as they balance work and family?“Personally, I don‟t like quotas,” Reding said recently. “But i like what the quotas do.” Quotas get action: they “open the way to equality and they break through the glass ceiling,” according to Reding, a result seen in France and other countries with legally binding provisions on placing women in top business positions.I understand Reding‟s reluctance-and her frustration. I don‟t like quotas either; they run counter to my belief in meritocracy, government by the capable. Bur, when one considers the obstacles to achieving the meritocratic ideal, it does look as if a fairer world must be temporarily ordered.After all, four decades of evidence has now shown that corporations in Europe as the US are evading the meritocratic hiring and promotion of women to top position— no matter how much “soft pressure ” is put upon them. When women do break through to the summit of corporate power--as, for example, Sheryl Sandberg recently did at Facebook—they attract massive attention precisely because they remain the exception to the rule.If appropriate pubic policies were in place to help all women---whether CEOs or their children‟s caregivers--and all families, Sandberg would be no more newsworthy than any other highly capable person living in a more just society.36. In the European corporate workplace, generally_____.[A] women take the lead[B] men have the final say[C] corporate governance is overwhelmed[D] senior management is family-friendly37. The European Union‟s intended legislation is ________.[A] a reflection of gender balance[B] a reluctant choice[C] a response to Reding‟s call[D] a voluntary action38. According ti Reding, quotas may help women ______.[A] get top business positions[B] see through the glass ceiling[C] balance work and family[D] anticipate legal results39. The au thor‟s attitude toward Reding‟s appeal is one of _________.[A] skepticism[B] objectiveness[C] indifference[D] approval40. Women entering top management become headlines due to the lack of ______.[A] more social justice[B] massive media attention[C] suitable public policies[D] greater “soft pressure”Part BDirections:You are going to read a list of headings and a text. Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-F for each numbered paragraph (41-45).Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] Live like a peasant[B] Balance your diet[C] Shopkeepers are your friends[D] Remember to treat yourself[E] Stick to what you need[F] Planning is evervthing[G] Waste not, want notThe hugely popular blog the Skint Foodie chronicles how Tony balances his love of good food with living on benefits. After bills, Tony has ?60 a week to spend, ?40 of which goes on food, but 10 years ago he was earning ?130,000 a I year working in corporate communications and eating at London's betft restaurants'" at least twice a week. Then his marriage failed, his career burned out and his drinking became serious. "The community mental health team saved my life. And I felt like that again, to a certain degree, when people responded to the blog so well. It gave me the validation and confidence that I'd lost. But it's still a day-by-day thing." Now he's living in a council flat and fielding offers from literary agents. He's feeling positive, but he'll carry on blogging - not about eating as cheaply as you can - "there are so many people in a much worse state, with barely any money to spend on food" - but eating well on a budget. Here's his advice for economical foodies.41._____________________Impulsive spending isn't an option, so plan your week's menu in advance, making shopping lists for your ingredients in their exact quantities. I have an Excel template for a week of breakfast, lunch and dinner. Stop laughing: it's not just cost effective but helps you balance your diet. It's also a good idea to shop daily instead of weekly, because, being-human, you'll sometimes change your mind about what you fancy.42____________________________________________________________This is where supermarkets and thci; anonymity come in handy. With them,there's not the same embarrassment as when buying one carrot in a little greengrocer. And if you plan properly, you'll know that you only need, say, 350g of shin of beef and six rashers of bacon, not whatever weight is pre-packed in the supermarket chiller.43_________You may proudly claim to only have frozen peas in the freezer - that's not good enough. Mine is filled with leftovers, bread, stock, meat and fish. Planning ahead should eliminate wastage, but if you have surplus vegetables you'll do a vegetable soup, and all fruits threatening to "go off' will be cooked orjuiced.44___________________________________Everyone says this, but it really is a top tip for frugal eaters. Shop at butchers,delis and fish-sellers regularly, even for small things, and be super friendly. Soon you'll feel comfortable asking if they've any knuckles of ham for soups and stews,or beef bones, chicken carcasses and fish heads for stock which, more often than not, Theyil let you have for free.45__________________You won't be eating out a lot, but save your pennies and once every fewmonths treat yourself to a set lunch at a good restaurant - ?1.75 a week for three months givesyou ?21 - more than" enough for a three-course lunch atMichelin-starred Arbutus.It's ?16.95 there - or ?12.99 for a large pizza from Domino's: I know which I'd rather eat. Section III TranslationDirections:Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)I can pick a date from the past 53 years and know instantly where I was , what happened in the news and even the day of the week. I‟ve been able to do this since I was four.I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain absorbs my mind seems to be able to cope and the information is stored away reatly. When I think of a sad memory, I do what everyone does- try to put it to one side. I don‟t think it‟s harder for me just because my memory is clearer. Powerful memory doesn‟t make my emotions any more acture or vivid. I can recall the day my grandfather died and the sadness I felt when we went to the hosptibal the day before. I also remember that the musical paly Hamopened on the Broadway on the same day- they both just pop into my mind in the same way.47 Writingsuppose your class is to hold a charity sale for kids in need of help. write your classmates an email to1) inform them about the details and2)encourage them to participate 100 words use LiMing.Don't write your address.48 Write an essay based on the following chart in your writing, you should(1)interpret the chart ,and(2)give your commentsYou should write about 150 words.。

2013年10月写作真题

2013年十月全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考写作试题四、写作：第56～57小题，共65分。

其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文35分。

56. 论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。

（论证有效性分析的一般要点是：概念特别是核心概念的界定和使用是否准备并前后一致，有无各种明显的逻辑错误，论证的论据是否成立并支持结论，结论成立的条件是否充分等等。

）“勤俭节约”是中国人民的优良传统，也是近百年流传下来的革命传统，在新中国成立后的建设时期，尤其是上世纪50年代，国家百废待兴，就是靠全国人民发扬勤俭持家，勤俭建国的艰苦奋斗精神，才在一穷二白的基础上打下了工业化的基础。

时代车轮进了21世纪，中国加入了世贸组织，实现了全面开放，与30年前相比，我们面对的国际形势已经发生了天翻地覆的变化，形势在变，任务在变。

人的观念也要适应这种变化，也要与时俱进。

比如，“勤俭节约”的观念就需要改变了。

我们可以从个人、家庭、国家三个层面对“勤俭节约”的观念进行分析。

先从个人的角度谈起，一个人如果过分强调勤俭节约，就会过度关注“节流”，而不重视“源”，“源”就是要动脑筋，花气力，最大程度发挥自己的能力合法赚钱，个人的财富不是省出来的，只靠节省，财富的积累是有限的，靠源，财富才可能会滚滚而来。

试想，比尔盖茨的财富是靠省出来的吗？再从家庭的角度分析，一个家庭如果过分强调勤俭节约，也就是秉持“勤俭持家”，对于上了年纪的老人，还是应该的，因为他们已经不能出去挣钱了，但对于尚在工作年龄的人，尤其是青年人，提倡勤俭持家有害无益，为了家庭的长远利益，缺钱的时候还可以去借钱，去抵押贷款，为了勤俭持家，能上的学不上，学费是省了，可孩子的前途就耽误了。

即使是学费之外的学习费用，也不能一味节俭。

试想，如果朗朗的家长当年不买钢琴，能有现在的国际钢琴大师朗朗吗？最后从国家的角度审视，提倡“勤俭节约”弊远大于利。

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2013MBA综合写作真题
四、写作：第56-57小题，共65分，其中论证有效性分析30分，论说文15分，请写在答题卡指定位置的边框区域内。

56. 论证有效性分析：分析下述论证中存在的缺陷和漏洞，选择若干要点，写一篇600字左右的文章，对该论证的有效性进行分析和评论。

)
一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分。

由于软实力是评判一个国家国际地位的要素之一，所以如何增强软实力就成了各国政府高度关注的重大问题。

其实，这一问题不难解决。

既然一个国家的文化在国际上的影响力是该国软实力的重要组成部分，那么，要增强软实力，只需搞好本国的文化建设并向世人展示就可以了。

文化有两个特性，一个是普同性，一个是特异性。

无论是接受还是关注，都体现了该国文化影响力的扩大，也即表明了该国软实力的增强。

文艺作品当然也具有文化的本质属性。

这种生活方式和价值观念不管是普同的还是特异的，都会被他国所接受或关注，都能产生文化影响力。

由此可见，只要创作更多的具有本国文化特色的文艺作品，那么文化影响力的扩大就是毫无疑义的，而国家的软实力也必将同步增强。

五、57.论说文：根据下述材料，写一篇700字左右的论说文，题目自拟。

上世纪中叶，美国的波音和麦道两家公司几乎垄断了世界民用飞机的市场，欧洲的制造商深感忧虑。

虽然欧洲各国之间的竞争也相当激烈，但还是采取了合作的途径，法国、德国、英国和西班牙等决定共同研制大型宽体飞机，于是“空中客车”便应运而生，面对新的市场竞争态势，波音公司和麦道公司于1977年一致决定组成新的波音公司，以此抗衡来自欧洲的挑战。