Effect of the Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine to Net Energy Ratio on the Performance of Wea
药理学双语试题
药理学双语试题1. What is the main mechanism of action of beta-blockers? (β受体阻滞剂的主要作用机制是什么？)2. What is the difference between first-generation and second-generation antihistamines? (一代和二代抗组胺药的区别是什么？)3. What is the half-life of fluconazole? (氟康唑的半衰期是多久？)4. What is the mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors? (ACE 抑制剂的作用机制是什么？)5. What is the most common side effect of loop diuretics? (袢利尿剂最常见的副作用是什么？)6. What is the recommended dose of aspirin for preventing myocardial infarction? (预防心肌梗死的阿司匹林推荐剂量是多少？)7. What is the mechanism of action of statins? (他汀类药物的作用机制是什么？)8. What is the difference between alpha and beta adrenergic receptors? (α和β肾上腺素受体的区别是什么？)9. What is the mechanism of action of digitalis? (洋地黄的作用机制是什么？)10. What is the mechanism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs? (非甾体类抗炎药的作用机制是什么？)11. What is the difference between local and systemic anesthetics? (局部麻醉药和全身麻醉药的区别是什么？)12. What is the mechanism of action of calcium channel blockers? (钙通道阻滞剂的作用机制是什么？)13. What is the most common side effect of ACE inhibitors? (ACE 抑制剂最常见的副作用是什么？)14. What is the mechanism of action of beta-lactam antibiotics? (β-内酰胺类抗生素的作用机制是什么？)15. What is the mechanism of action of proton pump inhibitors? (质子泵抑制剂的作用机制是什么？)16. What is the difference between first- and second-generation sulfonylureas? (一代和二代磺酰脲类药物的区别是什么？)17. What is the mechanism of action of H2-receptor antagonists? (H2 受体拮抗剂的作用机制是什么？)18. What is the difference between alpha- and beta-blockers? (α受体阻滞剂和β受体阻滞剂的区别是什么？)19. What is the mechanism of action of anticonvulsants? (抗癫痫药的作用机制是什么？)20. What is the most common side effect of antipsychotic drugs? (抗精神病药物最常见的副作用是什么？)。
紫苏叶体外抗氧化和降糖活性分析
赵彦巧，王少平，王月，等. 紫苏叶体外抗氧化和降糖活性分析[J]. 食品工业科技，2024，45（8）：318−324. doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023040077ZHAO Yanqiao, WANG Shaoping, WANG Yue, et al. Antioxidant and Hypoglycemic Activities of Perilla Leaves in Vitro [J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2024, 45(8): 318−324. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2023040077· 营养与保健 ·紫苏叶体外抗氧化和降糖活性分析赵彦巧*，王少平，王 月，孙 冰，李建颖（天津商业大学生物技术与食品科学学院，天津市食品生物技术重点实验室，天津 300134）摘 要：为了研究紫苏叶及其提取物的体外抗氧化和降糖活性，本研究利用快速粘度分析仪制备紫苏叶基淀粉糊样品并进行体外模拟胃肠消化，采用福林酚法测定消化前后总酚含量，并通过研究消化前后样品对DPPH 和ABTS +自由基的清除能力分析其抗氧化性能，用3,5-二硝基水杨酸（DNS ）法测定紫苏叶及其提取物对大米淀粉消化过程中还原糖释放量的影响。
结果表明，随着活性物质添加量从5%增加到15%，消化过程中还原糖释放曲线线下所围面积（Area under the Curve ，AUC ）值总体呈下降趋势，其中添加15%一次纯化物的样品AUC 值（30.86 mg 葡萄糖/g ）最低；经模拟胃肠消化后总酚含量均有显著增加，添加15%一次纯化物的样品多酚含量（81.04 mg GAE/100 g DW ）最高，且消化后清除DPPH 自由基和ABTS +自由基的能力显著（P <0.05）提高，其中添加10%一次纯化物对DPPH 自由基的清除能力（38.69%）最高，添加15%一次纯化物对ABTS +自由基的清除能力（57.25%）最高。
211091479_植物基脂肪模拟物对肉制品质量影响及应用研究进展
黄璐，任雨晴，赵迪，等. 植物基脂肪模拟物对肉制品质量影响及应用研究进展[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（8）：461−468. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060305HUANG Lu, REN Yuqing, ZHAO Di, et al. Research Progress on the Effect of Plant-based Fat Simulants on Meat Product Quality and Application[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(8): 461−468. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022060305· 专题综述 ·植物基脂肪模拟物对肉制品质量影响及应用研究进展黄 璐1，任雨晴1，赵 迪1，曹金诺2，李 赫1, *，刘新旗1（1.北京工商大学食品与健康学院，国家大豆加工产业技术创新中心，北京 100048；2.植物肉（杭州）健康科技有限公司，浙江杭州 310000）摘 要：为满足消费者对健康饮食的要求和未来食品供应的可持续性，植物基肉类替代品被广泛开发，具有广阔的市场发展前景。
用植物基复合脂肪模拟物代替肉制品中的脂肪，可以减少食物中的脂肪，对消费者的健康有益。
本文主要综述了各种胶体对植物基复合脂肪模拟物性质的影响，以便为其在肉制品行业中的应用提供更多的理论支持。
多糖类胶体的添加可以提高脂肪模拟物的持水能力，增加肉制品的多汁感；蛋白类胶体可以提高脂肪模拟物的营养特性和弹性，增强咀嚼感和产品质地。
此外，通过整理近年来国内外对植物基脂肪模拟物的研究，对植物基脂肪模拟物在肉制品的应用进行了分类和较全面的总结，并基于此阐述了植物基脂肪模拟物对肉制品质量的影响。
雅思词汇分类大全完整版
雅思分类词汇：色彩词汇Acid blue 湖色Amber 琥珀色Amethyst 紫水晶色Antique 古紫色Apple green 苹果绿Apricot 杏黄Aqua green 水绿色Aquamarine blue 蓝绿色Auburn 赤褐色Azure green 碧绿色Baby blue 浅蓝色Baby pink 浅粉红色Bay 枣色Beige 灰棕色Benzo blue 靛蓝色Black 黑色Blue 蓝色Blue green 竹青色Blue grey 蓝灰色Bluish white 青白色Bluish yellow 青黄色Brick red 青莲色Bronze black 射光黑色Bronze blue 青铜蓝Bronze violet 射光紫蓝Brown 棕色Buff 浅黄色Calamine blue 淡蓝色Caramel 酱色Cardinal 深红色Carmine 紫红色Carnation 肉色Celeste 天青色Chalky 白垩的Charcoal grey 炭灰色Cherry 樱桃紅Chestnut 栗褐色Citrine 柠檬黃Cobalt blue 钴蓝色Cochineal 胭脂红Coco 黄棕色Contrast colot 衬色Copper red 铜色Coral 珊瑚色Cream 米色Crystal cream 奶油白Dark green 深绿色Dark grey 深灰色Deep green 墨绿色Deep yellow 深黄色Delicate color 娇色Dun 焦茶色Emerald green 鲜绿色Florid 鲜红French rose 法国红Garnet 暗红Geranium 原色红Gold 金Golden yellow 金黄色Green 绿色Grey 灰Hazel 赤褐色Hepatic 猪肝色Hyacinth 紫蓝色Indigo 靛青色Ivory 象牙黄Jade green 翠绿色Lavender 藕色Lias 淡紫色Light grey 淡灰色Lyons blue 蓝紫色Mandarin blue 深蓝Marine green 海水绿Maroon 枣紅;茶色Medium blue 中蓝色Medium yellow 中黄色Milk white 乳白色Ming blue 藏青色Moss green 苔绿色Navy blue 海水蓝Nimbus grey 雨云灰色Ocher 赭色Off white 灰白Olive 橄榄色Olive green 草绿色;橄榄绿Opaque 不透明Orange 橘黄色Oriental ted 大红Pea green 豆绿色Peach 桃红色Peacock blue 孔雀蓝Pied 杂色Pink 粉紅色Pitch black 深黑色Protective color 保护色Prussian blue 普鲁士蓝Purple 紫色Purple bronze 紫铜色Red 红Reddish 淡红Reddish yellow 浓黄Rich color 浓色Rose 玫瑰紅Royal blue 宝蓝色Rust brown 鼻烟色Sallow 苍黄Salmon 橙红Sandy 淡茶色Sap green 暗绿色Scarlet 绯色Sepia 棕黑色Shade 颜色深浅Shocking pink 鲜粉红Silver 银色Sky blue 天蓝Slate grey 鼠灰色Smoky grey 雾灰色Snow white 雪白Soft color 嫩色Sorrel 紅棕色Tan 浅棕色Tapestry red 咖啡色Tawny 黃褐色Translucent 半透明Transparent 透明雅思口语词汇：个人品质、教育程度个人品质able 有才干的，能干的adaptable 适应性强的active 主动的，活跃的aggressive 有进取心的ambitious 有雄心壮志的amiable 和蔼可亲的amicable 友好的analytical 善于分析的apprehensive 有理解力的aspiring 有志气的，有抱负的audacious 大胆的，有冒险精神的capable 有能力的，有才能的careful 办理仔细的candid 正直的competent 能胜任的constructive 建设性的cooperative 有合作精神的creative 富创造力的dedicated 有奉献精神的dependable 可靠的diplomatic 老练的，有策略的disciplined 守纪律的dutiful 尽职的well--educated 受过良好教育的efficient 有效率的energetic 精力充沛的expressivity 善于表达faithful 守信的，忠诚的frank 直率的，真诚的generous 宽宏大量的genteel 有教养的gentle 有礼貌的humorous 有幽默impartial 公正的independent 有主见的industrious 勤奋的ingenious 有独创性的motivated 目的明确的intelligent 理解力强的learned 精通某门学问的logical 条理分明的methodical 有方法的modest 谦虚的objective 客观的precise 一丝不苟的punctual 严守时刻的realistic 实事求是的responsible 负责的sensible 明白事理的sporting 光明正大的steady 踏实的systematic 有系统的purposeful 意志坚强的sweet-tempered 性情温和的temperate 稳健的tireless 孜孜不倦的教育程度education 学历educational history 学历educational background 教育程度curriculum 课程major 主修minor 副修educational highlights 课程重点部分curriculum included 课程包括specialized courses 专门课程courses taken 所学课程special training 特别训练social practice 社会实践part-time jobs 业余工作summer jobs 暑期工作vacation jobs 假期工作refresher course 进修课程extracurricular activities 课外活动physical activities 体育活动recreational activities 娱乐活动academic activities 学术活动social activities 社会活动rewards 奖励scholarship 奖学金excellent League member 优秀团员excellent leader 优秀干部student council 学生会off-job training 脱产培训in-job training 在职培训educational system 学制academic year 学年semester 学期（美）term 学期（英）supervisor 论文导师pass 及格fail 不及格marks 分数examination 考试degree 学位post doctorate 博士后doctor(Ph.D) 博士master 硕士bachelor 学士graduate student 研究生abroad student 留学生abroad student 留学生undergraduate 大学肆业生government-supported student 公费生commoner 自费生extern 走读生intern 实习生prize fellow 奖学金生boarder 寄宿生graduate 毕业生guest student 旁听生（英）auditor 旁听生（美）day-student 走读生雅思口语词汇：工作经历、个人资料工作经历work experience 工作经历occupational history 工作经历professional history 职业经历specific experience 具体经历responsibilities 职责second job 第二职业achievements 工作成就，业绩administer 管理assist 辅助adapted to 适应于accomplish 完成（任务等）appointed 被认命的adept in 善于analyze 分析authorized 委任的；核准的behave 表现break the record 打破纪录breakthrough 关键问题的解决control 控制conduct 经营，处理cost 成本；费用create 创造demonstrate 证明，示范decrease 减少design 设计develop 开发，发挥devise 设计，发明direct 指导double 加倍，翻一番earn 获得，赚取effect 效果，作用eliminate 消除enlarge 扩大enrich 使丰富exploit 开发（资源，产品）enliven 搞活establish 设立（公司等）；使开业evaluation 估价，评价execute 实行，实施expedite 加快；促进generate 产生good at 擅长于guide 指导；*纵improve 改进，提高initiate 创始，开创innovate 改革，革新invest 投资integrate 使结合；使一体化justified 经证明的；合法化的launch 开办（新企业）maintain 保持；维修modernize 使现代化negotiate 谈判nominated 被提名；被认命的overcome 克服perfect 使完善；改善perFORM 执行，履行profit 利润be promoted to 被提升为be proposed as 被提名（推荐）为realize 实现（目标）获得（利润）reconstruct 重建recorded 记载的refine 精练，精制registered 已注册的regenerate 更新，使再生replace 接替，替换retrieve 挽回revenue 收益，收入scientific 科学的，系统的self-dependence 自力更生serve 服务，供职settle 解决（问题等）shorten 减低……效能simplify 简化，精简spread 传播，扩大standard 标准，规格supervises 监督，管理supply 供给，满足systematize 使系统化test 试验，检验well-trained 训练有素的valuable 有价值的target 目标，指标working model 劳动模范advanced worker 先进工作者个人资料name 姓名in. 英寸pen name 笔名ft. 英尺alias 别名street 街Mr. 先生road 路Miss 小姐district 区Ms （小姐或太太）house number 门牌Mrs. 太太lane 胡同，巷age 年龄height 身高bloodtype 血型weight 体重address 地址born 生于permanent address 永久住址birthday 生日province 省birthdate 出生日期city 市birthplace 出生地点county 县home phone 住宅电话prefecture 专区office phone 办公电话autonomous region 自治区business phone 办公电话nationality 民族；国籍current address 目前住址citizenship 国籍date of birth 出生日期native place 籍贯postal code 邮政编码duel citizenship 双重国籍marital status婚姻状况family status 家庭状况married 已婚single 未婚divorced 离异separated 分居number of children 子女人数health condition 健康状况health 健康状况excellent （身体）极佳short-sighted 近视far-sighted 远视ID card 身份证date of availability 可到职时间membership 会员、资格president 会长vice-president 副会长director 理事standing director 常务理事society 学会association 协会secretary-general 秘书长research society 研究会工作目标objective 目标position desired 希望职位job objective 工作目标employment objective 工作目标career objective 职业目标position sought 谋求职位position wanted 希望职位position applied for 申请职位离职原因for more specialized work 为更专门的工作for prospects of promotion 为晋升的前途for higher responsibility 为更高层次的工作责任for wider experience 为扩大工作经验due to close-down of company 由于公司倒闭due to expiry of employment 由于雇用期满sought a better job 找到了更好的工作to seek a better job 找一份更好的工作业余爱好hobbies 业余爱好play the guitar 弹吉他reading 阅读play chess 下棋play 话剧long distance running 长跑play bridge 打桥牌collecting stamps 集邮play tennis 打网球jogging 慢跑sewing 缝纫travelling 旅游listening to symphony 听交响乐do some clay scultures 搞泥塑A Useful Glossary for Personal Resumes name 姓名present address 目前住址alias 别名permanent address 永久住址pen name 笔名postal code 邮政编码date of birth 出生日期home phone 住宅电话birthdate 出生日期office phone 办公电话born 生于business phone 办公电话birthplace 出生地点Tel. 电话birthday 生日* 性别age 年龄male 男native place 籍贯female 女province 省Mr. 先生city 市Miss 小姐autonomous region 自治区Mrs. 太太prefecture 专区Ms 小姐或太太county 县height 身高nationality 民族；国籍cm. 厘米citizenship 国籍ft. 英尺duel citizenship 双重国籍in. 英寸address 地址weight 体重current address 目前住址kg 公斤lbs 磅very good 很好marital status 婚姻状况good 好family status 家庭状况strong 强壮married 已婚short-sighted 近视single/unmarried 未婚far-sighted 远视divorced 离婚color-blind 色盲separated 分居ID card 身份证number of children 子女人数date of availability 可到职时间none 无available 可到职street 街membership 会员、资格lane 胡同，巷president 会长road 路vice-president 副会长district 区director 理事house number 门牌standing director 常务理事health 健康状况secretary-general 秘书长health condition 健康状况society 学会bloodtype 血型association 协会excellent （身体）极佳research society 研究会education 学历"Three Goods" student 三好学生educational background 教育程度excellent League member 优秀团员educational history 学历excellent leader 优秀干部curriculum 课程student council 学生会major 主修off-job training 脱产培训minor 副修in-job training 在职培训educaitonal highlights 课程重点部分educational system 学制curriculum included 课程包括academic year 学年specialized courses 专门课程semester 学期（美）courses taken 所学课程term 学期（英）courses completed 所学课程president 校长special taining 特别训练vice-president 副校长social practice 社会实践dean 院长part-time jobs 业余工作assistant dean 副院长summer jobs 暑期工作academic dean 教务员vacation jobs 假期工作department chairman 系主任refresher course 进修课程professor 教授extracurricular activities 课外活动associate professor 副教授physical activities 体育活动guest professor 客座教授recreational activities 娱乐活动lecturer 讲师academic activities 学术活动teaching assistant 助教social activities 社会活动research fellow 研究员rewards 奖励research assistant 助理研究员scholarship 奖学金supervisor 论文导师principal 中学校长（美）Paty branch secretary 党支部书记headmaster 中小学校长（英）League branch secretary 团支部书记master 小学校长（美）commissary in charge of organization 组织委员dean of studies 教务长commissary in charge of publicity 宣传委员dean of students 教导主任degree 学位teacher 教师post doctorate 博士后probation teacher 代课教师doctor (Ph. D) 博士tutor 家庭教师master 硕士governess 女家庭教师bachelor 学士intelligence quotient 智商student 学生pass 及格graduate student 研究生fail 不及格abroad student 留学生marks 分数returned student 回国留学生trades 分数foreign student 外国学生scores 分数undergraduate 尚未取得学位的大学生examination 考试senior 大学四年级/高中三年级学生grade 年级junior 大学三年级/高中二年级学生class 班级sophomore 大学二年级/高中一年级学生monitor 班长freshman 大学一年级学生vice-monitor 副班长guest student 旁听生（英）commissary in charge of studies 学习委员auditor 旁听生（美）commissary in charge of entertainment 文娱委员government-sponsored student 公费生commissary in charge of sports 体育委员commoner 自费生commissary in charge of physical labour 劳动委员extern 走读生day-student 走读生old girl 女校毕业生（英）intern 实习生half-timer 选读生prize fellow 奖学金生evening student 夜校生boarder 寄宿生frog-green 新生classmate 同班同学repeater 留级生schoolmate 同校同学alumnus 校友graduate 毕业生apprentice 学徒personal management 人事管理casual leave 例假；事假sick leave 病假office hours 办公时间eight-hour shift 8小时工作制shift *班morning session 上午班evening/night shift 小/大夜班day shift 日班attendance book 签到本late book 迟到本day off 休息日coffee break 上班中的休息时间work day 工作日work hour 工作时间working conditions 工作环境work permit 工作证work overtime 加班salary 薪水wages 工资salary raise 加薪windfall 外快traveling allowance(for official trip) 差旅费annual pension 年薪year-end bonus 年终奖overtime pay 加班费punch the clock 打卡time recorder 打卡机sneak out 开溜on probation 试用probation staff 试用人员agreement of employment 聘书evaluation of employee 考绩employee evaluation form 考绩表dock pay 扣薪unpaid leave 无薪假take-home pay （税后）净薪release pay 遣散费salary deduction 罚薪36组最容易出错的单词1) quite 相当quiet 安静地2) affect v 影响, 假装effect n 结果, 影响3) adapt 适应adopt 采用adept 内行4) angel 天使angle 角度5) dairy 牛奶厂diary 日记6) contend 奋斗, 斗争content 内容, 满足的context 上下文contest 竞争, 比赛7) principal 校长, 主要的principle 原则8) implicit 含蓄的explicit 明白的9) dessert 甜食desert 沙漠v 放弃dissert 写论文10) pat 轻拍tap 轻打slap 掌击rap 敲，打11) decent 正经的descent n 向下, 血统descend v 向下12) sweet 甜的sweat 汗水13) later 后来latter 后者latest 最近的lately adv 最近14) costume 服装custom 习惯15) extensive 广泛的intensive 深刻的16) aural 耳的oral 口头的17) abroad 国外aboard 上（船，飞机）18) altar 祭坛alter 改变19) assent 同意ascent 上升accent 口音20) champion 冠军champagne 香槟酒campaign 战役21) baron 男爵barren 不毛之地的barn 古仓22) beam 梁，光束bean 豆been have 过去式23) precede 领先proceed 进行，继续24) pray 祈祷prey 猎物25) chicken 鸡kitchen 厨房26) monkey 猴子donkey 驴27) chore 家务活chord 和弦cord 细绳28) cite 引用site 场所sight 视觉29) clash （金属）幢击声crash 碰幢，坠落crush 压坏30) compliment 赞美complement 附加物31) confirm 确认conform 使顺从32) contact 接触contract 合同contrast 对照33) council 议会counsel 忠告consul 领事34) crow 乌鸦crown 王冠clown 小丑cow 牛35) dose 一剂药doze 打盹36) drawn draw 过去分词drown 溺水280个单词词根另类记忆法单词.......注同音汉字..........英语字典中注解fee..............费...............费bad............笨蛋............笨拙的fuss...........乏事............琐碎小事give...........给吾............给stone..........石头............石头tear...........啼呀............哭啼tomb...........土墓............坟墓cheat..........欺他............欺骗drag...........拽个............用力拉dodge..........躲起............躲避song...........颂（古文中为歌义）.......歌fat............肥特............肥肉labour.........累吧.............劳动ill-treat......又捶他.............虐待illness........一有你死.............病shudder........吓的.............发抖ail........... 唉呦.............烦恼，生病hush...........哈嘘.............安静hum............哼麽.............哼唱mess...........麻似.............杂乱hate...........恨他.............恨;憎恶tour.............途...............旅途spy............私派.............间谍bless..........不来死.............祝福（长命百岁，死神不要来）miss...........迷死（人）.......姑娘（美丽）madam..........买的麽...........夫人;太太（花钱娶来的）deluge.........得救济.............大洪水;泛滥（时）rain.............润 ............. 雨（润万物）drink..........准渴.............喝;饮friend.........富润得（有酒有肉多兄弟）....朋友field .........肥沃的 ........... 田地shop...........小呕铺............商店short .........小呕特（太小）...短;矮的lie ...........赖（抵赖）..................说谎liar...........赖哦 .......................说谎者chief..........欺负 .......................领导;酋长（欺负谁都行）lovable........来玩啵........................受欢迎的人absorb.........哦不骚啵......................吸引人abuse..........阿*子........................辱骂abusive........阿*媳妇......................辱骂的tiro...........太哦肉（干活慢）...........新手不熟练rover..........肉哇呕（走路慢） ..........漫游bearer.........白肉哦（不要耽误）.........送信人monger.........忙个（忙个不停）..........商人nigger.........泥哥（满身黑泥）..........黑人cat .......... 揩它（老鼠出来了让猫揩它）.... 猫mouse..........猫死（猫死了老鼠出来了）....老鼠perpetrator....碰必捶他....................（碰见）做坏事的人wide...........外的（外边宽敞）............宽敞little.........里头（里头小，同：里边）....小dolittle.......肚里头（坐在肚子里边的胎儿）.....是懒汉;游手好闲者。
The Dangers of Genetically Modified Foods
The Dangers of Genetically ModifiedFoodsGenetically modified foods, or GMOs, have become a prominent topic of debatein recent years. While proponents argue that GMOs hold the key to solving world hunger and improving crop yields, opponents raise concerns about the potential health and environmental risks associated with these genetically engineered products. As we delve into the dangers of genetically modified foods, it'sessential to consider the various perspectives surrounding this contentious issue. From a health perspective, one of the primary concerns associated with GMOs is the potential for allergenic reactions. When genes from one species are inserted into another to create a genetically modified crop, there is a risk that the newprotein produced could trigger an allergic response in susceptible individuals. This is particularly worrisome given the prevalence of GMOs in the food supply chain, with ingredients derived from genetically modified crops found in a wide range of processed foods. As a result, consumers may unknowingly be exposed to allergens, posing a significant risk to public health. Moreover, the long-term health effects of consuming genetically modified foods remain uncertain. While proponents argue that GMOs undergo rigorous safety assessments, critics point to the lack of long-term studies evaluating the impact of GMO consumption on human health. This raises legitimate concerns about the potential for unforeseen health consequences, particularly as GMOs have become increasingly pervasive in theglobal food supply. Without comprehensive, independent research into the long-term health effects of GMOs, consumers are left in the dark about the potential risks they may be exposed to. In addition to health concerns, the environmental impact of genetically modified foods is a pressing issue that cannot be overlooked. Oneof the most significant dangers associated with GMOs is the potential for genetic contamination of non-GMO crops. This occurs when genetically modified crops cross-pollinate with conventional or organic crops, leading to the unintended spread of modified genes. As a result, the genetic diversity of traditional crop varietiesis threatened, with far-reaching implications for food security and agricultural sustainability. Furthermore, the widespread adoption of genetically modifiedcrops has led to the emergence of "superweeds" and "superbugs" that are resistant to the herbicides and pesticides used in conjunction with GMOs. This phenomenon has sparked a concerning trend of escalating chemical usage in agriculture, as farmers resort to more potent and environmentally harmful chemicals to combat resistant pests and weeds. The resulting environmental damage, including soil degradation and water contamination, underscores the inherent dangers of relying on genetically modified crops as a primary agricultural solution. From an ethical standpoint, the corporate control and patenting of genetically modified seeds raise profound concerns about food sovereignty and farmer autonomy. Agrochemical companies that develop and market GMOs wield significant influence over the agricultural industry, dictating the terms on which farmers can access and use genetically modified seeds. This monopolistic control not only undermines traditional farming practices but also perpetuates a system of dependency on corporate entities for essential agricultural inputs. In conclusion, the dangers of genetically modified foods are multifaceted, encompassing health risks, environmental implications, and ethical considerations. As we navigate the complex landscape of GMOs, it is imperative to critically evaluate the potential hazards associated with genetically modified foods while considering the broader societal and ecological impacts. By engaging in informed discourse and advocating for transparent research and regulatory practices, we can strive to address the inherent dangers of genetically modified foods and work towards a more sustainable and equitable food system.。
大学英语四级阅读题段落匹配练习题
大学英语四级阅读题段落匹配练习题难点：1、顺序原则被打乱2、题目本身涉及长难句3、定位词不明显4、对应数量关系不唯一做题步骤：1、先题后文2、逐段做题3、拒绝投机取巧2014 -646.Authors still published in printed versions will be considered important ones.47.Some people are still in favor of printed books because of the sense of touch they can provide.48.The radio business has changed greatly and now attracts more listeners.49.Contrary to many peoples prediction of its death.the film industry survived.50.Remarkable changes have taken place in the book business.51.Old technology sometimes continues to exist because of its reliability.52.The increase of e-book sales will force the book business to make changes not seen for centuries.53.A new technology is unlikely to take the place of an old one without a clear advantage.54.Paperbacks of popular literature are more likely to be replaced by e-books.55.A house with a fireplace has a stronger appeal to buyers.2013-1246.Caplan suggests that kids who dont love school go to work.47.An increasing number of families spend more money on houses in a good school district..48.Subsidized loans to college students are a huge waste of money. according to one economist.49.More and more kids find they fare worse with a college diploma.50.For those who are not prepared for higher education.going to college is not worth it.51.Over the years the cost of a college education has increased almost by 100%.52.A law passed recently allows many students to pay no more than one tenth of their income for their college loans.53.Middle-class Americans have highly valued a good education.54.More kids should be encouraged to participate in programs where they can learn not only job skills but also social skills.55.Over fifty percent of recent college graduates remain unemployed or unable to find a suitable job.2013-12 The rise of the sharing economyA）Last night 40.000 people rented accommodation from a service that offers 250.000 rooms in 30.000 cities in 192 countries.They chose their rooms and paid foreverything online.But their beds were provided by private individuals.rather than ahotel chain.Hosts and guests were matched up by Airbnb.a firm based in SanFrancisco.Since its launch in 2008 more than 4 million people have used it—2.5million of them in 2012 alone.It is the most prominent example of a huge new“sharing economy” . in which people rent beds. cars. boats and other assets directlyfrom each other.co-ordinated via the internet.B）You might think this is no different from running a bed-and-breakfast（家庭旅店）.owning a timeshare（分时度假房）or participating in a car pool.But technologyhas reduced transaction costs.making sharing assets cheaper and easier than ever—and therefore possible on a much larger scale.The big change is the availability ofmore data about people and things.which allows physical assets to be divided andconsumed as services.Before the internet.renting a surfboard.a power tool or aparking space from someone else was feasible.but was usually more trouble than itwas worth. Now websites such as Airbnb.RelayRides and SnapGoods match upowners and renters；smartphones with GPS let people see where the nearest rentablecar is parked；social networks provide a way to check up on people and build trust；and online payment systems handle the billing.Whats mine is yours.for a feeC）Just as peer-to-peer businesses like eBay allow anyone to become a retailer.sharing sites let individuals act as an ad hoc（临时的）taxi service.car-hire firm or boutiquehotel（精品酒店）as and when it suits them.Just go online or download an app.Themodel works for items that are expensive to buy and are widely owned by peoplewho do not make full use of them. Bedrooms and cars are the most obviousexamples.but you can also rent camping spaces in Sweden.fields in Australia andwashing machines in France. As advocates of the sharing economy like to putit.access trumps（胜过）ownership.D）Rachel Botsman.the author of a book on the subject.says the consumer peer-to-peer rental market alone is worth $ 26 billion.Broader definitions of the sharing economyinclude peer-to- peer lending or putting a solar panel on your roof and selling powerback to the grid（电网）. And it is not just individuals；the web makes it easier forcompanies to rent out spare offices and idle machines.too.But the core of the sharingeconomy is people renting things from each other.E）Such “collaborative（合作的）consumption”is a good thing for several reasons.Owners make money from underused assets.Airbnb says hosts in SanFrancisco who rent out their homes do so for an average of 58 nights a year.making$ 9.300.Car owners who rent their vehicles to others using RelayRides make anaverage of $ 250 a month；some make more than $ 1.000. Renters.meanwhile.payless than they would if they bought the item themselves.or turned to a traditionalprovider such as a hotel or car-hire firm.And there are environmental benefits. too：renting a car when you need it.rather than owning one.means fewer cars are requiredand fewer resources must be devoted to making them.F）For sociable souls. meeting new people by staying in their homes is part of the charm.Curmudgeons（倔脾气的人）who imagine that every renter is a murderer can stillstay at conventional hotels.For others. the web fosters trust.As well as thebackground checks carried out by platform owners.online reviews and ratings areusually posted by both parties to each transaction.which makes it easy to spot baddrivers.bathrobe-thieves and surfboard-wreckers. By using Facebook and othersocial networks. participants can check each other out and identify friends（or friends of friends）in common.An Airbnb user had her apartment trashed in 2011.Butthe remarkable thing is how well the system usually works.Peering into the futureG）The sharing economy is a little like online shopping. which started in America 15 years ago.At first.people were worried about security.But having made a successfulpurchase from.say.Amazon.they felt safe buying ing Airbnbor a car-hire service for the first time encourages people to try otherofferings.Next.consider eBay.Having started out as a peer-to-peer marketplace. it isnow dominated by professional “power sellers”（many of whom started out asordinary eBay users）.The same may happen with the sharing economy.which alsoprovides new opportunities for enterprise. Some people have bought cars solely torent them out.for example.H）Existing rental businesses are getting involved too. Avis.a car-hire firm.has a share ina sharing rival. So do GM and Daimler. two carmakers. In future. companies maydevelop hybrid（混合的）models. listing excess capacity（whether vehicles.equipment or office space）on peer-to-peer rental sites.In the past.new ways of doingthings online have not displaced the old ways entirely.But they have often changedthem.Just as internet shopping forced Wal-mart and Tesco to adapt. so online sharingwill shake up transport. tourism. equipment-hire and more.I）The main worry is regulatory uncertainty. Will room-renters be subject to hotel taxes.for example? In Amsterdam officials are using Airbnb listings to track downunlicensed hotels.In some American cities.peer-to-peer taxi services have beenbanned after lobbying by traditional taxi firms.The danger is that although somerules need to be updated to protect consumers from harm.existing rental businesseswill try to destroy competition. People who rent out rooms should pay tax.ofcourse.but they should not be regulated like a Ritz-Carlton hotel. The lighter rulesthat typically govern bed-and-breakfasts are more than adequate.J）The sharing economy is the latest example of the internets value to consumers.Thisemerging model is now big and disruptive（颠覆性的）enough for regulators andcompanies to have woken up to it.That is a sign of its immense potential.It is time tostart caring about sharing.46.Sharing items such as cars does good to the environment.47.Airbnbs success clearly illustrates the emergence of a huge sharing economy.48.The major concern about the sharing economy is how the government regulates it.49.The most frequently shared items are those expensive to buy but not fully used.50.The sharing economy has a promising future.51. Online sharing will change the way business is done in transportation. travel. rentals.etc.52.Airbnb is a website that enables owners and renters to complete transactions online.53.The sharing economy is likely to go the way of online shopping.54.One advantage of sharing is that owners earn money from renting out items not made full use of.55.Sharing appeals to the sociable in that they can meet new people.精讲精练2012-06Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.In times of economic crisis. Americans turn to their families for support. If the Great Depression is any guide.we may see a drop in our skyhigh divorce rate.But this won't necessarily represent an increase in happy marriages. In the long run.the Depression weakened American families.and the current crisis will probably do the same.We tend to think of the Depression as a time when families pulled together to survive huge job losses.By 1932.when nearly one-quarter of the workforce was unemployed.the divorce rate had declined by around 25% from 1929.But this doesn't mean people were suddenly happier with their marriages.Rather.with incomes decreasing and insecure jobs.unhappy couples often couldn ' t afford to divorce.They feared neither spouse could manage alone.Today.given the job losses of the past year.fewer unhappy couples will risk starting separate households.Furthermore.the housing market meltdown will make it more difficult for them to finance their separations by selling their homes.After financial disasters family members also tend to do whatever they can to help each other and their communities.A 1940 book. The Unemployed Man and His Family. described a family in which the husband initially reacted to losing his job “with tireless search for work.”He was always active.looking for odd jobs to do.The problem is that such an impulse is hard to sustain Across the country.many similar families were unable to maintain the initial boost in morale（士气）.For some.the hardships of life without steady work eventually overwhelmed their attempts to keep their families together. The divorce rate rose again during the rest of the decade as the recovery took hold.Millions of American families may now be in the initial stage of their responses to the current crisis.working together and supporting one another through the early months of unemployment.Today's economic crisis could well generate a similar number of couples whose relationships have been irreparably（无法弥补地）ruined.So it's only when the economy is healthy again that we'll begin to see just how many broken families have been created.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡 2 上作答。
apple 英语作文
Apples are one of the most popular fruits worldwide,cherished for their sweet and sometimes tart flavors,as well as their versatility in culinary uses.They come in a variety of colors,including red,green,and yellow,and can be found in many shapes and sizes.Historical SignificanceApples have been a part of human diets for thousands of years.They have been cultivated since ancient times,with evidence suggesting that they were grown in Central Asia and then spread to Europe,Africa,and eventually the Americas.The apples symbolism is rich, often associated with knowledge,temptation,and even immortality in various mythologies and religions.Nutritional ValueApples are a nutritious snack,packed with vitamins,minerals,and dietary fiber.They are particularly high in vitamin C and potassium.The fiber content in apples aids in digestion and can contribute to a feeling of fullness,which may help with weight management. Apples also contain antioxidants that can help protect the body against the harmful effects of free radicals.Health BenefitsEating apples regularly can offer numerous health benefits.They are known to help lower the risk of heart disease due to their high fiber content and antioxidants.Apples have also been linked to a reduced risk of certain types of cancer,particularly lung and colon cancer,due to their phytonutrient content.Culinary UsesApples are incredibly versatile in cooking and baking.They can be eaten raw,used in salads,or cooked in pies,tarts,and crumbles.Apple sauce is a common accompaniment to roast meats,and apples can be poached or baked as a dessert.Apple cider is a popular beverage in the fall,and apple juice is enjoyed yearround.VarietiesThere are thousands of apple varieties,each with its own unique flavor profile and texture. Some of the most wellknown varieties include the Red Delicious,Granny Smith,Fuji, Gala,and Honeycrisp.Each variety has its own best uses,from eating fresh to cooking and baking.CultivationApple trees require specific conditions to thrive.They need welldrained soil and plenty of sunlight.Pruning is an essential part of apple tree care,helping to maintain the trees health and productivity.Pests and diseases can affect apple trees,so growers must bevigilant in their management.Apple Festivals and TraditionsIn many cultures,apples are celebrated through festivals and traditions.For example,in the United States,apple picking is a popular autumn activity,and in England,the tradition of wasselling involves making a wassail drink from apples,spices,and cider.Environmental ImpactApple farming can have an impact on the environment,particularly in terms of water usage and pesticide application.Sustainable farming practices are becoming increasingly important to minimize these impacts and promote biodiversity.ConclusionApples are more than just a delicious fruit they are a symbol of health,history,and tradition.Whether enjoyed fresh from the tree or transformed into a variety of dishes, apples continue to be a beloved part of diets and celebrations around the world.。
筇竹种子发芽条件及筇竹笋矿质元素分析
'^85^筇竹种子发芽条件及筇竹笋矿质元素分析贾维嘉，王澍(西南林业大学，园林园艺学院，国家林业和草原局风景园林工程技术研究中心,昆明650224)摘要筇竹为珍稀笋材两用混生竹，具有较高的经济价值°本研究对筇竹种子进行不同温度和光照条件的萌发实验，并培育实生苗发笋后，利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了3个不同出土高度(2cm,5cm,8cm)的筇竹笋中8种矿质元素的含量°实验结果显示，最适宜筇竹种子萌发的条件是20C,12h光照/12h黑暗，但25C和暗处理更能促进胚根伸长°不同生长时期的筇竹笋钾含量丰富(6521.13-740534mg-kg-1),其次是钠(62536〜81433mg-kg-1)，铜含量最低(636〜932mg-kg-1)°筇竹笋的钾、钠含量随高度的增高逐渐下降，而钙、铁、铜、锰含量逐渐升高，锌含量变化呈中峰优势，镁含量基本保持不变°研究为筇竹种子萌发及笋品质提升提供了参考°关键词：筇竹；种子萌发；竹笋；矿质元素DOI：10.16590/ki.1001-47053021.01379中图分类号：S795文献标志码：A文章编号：100-4705(2021)0-007905Germination Conditions of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda Seed andMineral Element Analysis of Qiongzhuea tumidinoda ShootsJIA Weijia,WANG Shu(School of landscape and Horticulture of Southwest.Forestry University,Research Center of landscape Architecture Engineering Technology,National Forestry and Grassland Administration,Kunming650224,China)Abstract:Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda is a rare culm and shoot-producing bamboo species withhigh economic value.In this study,the seed germination experiments were carried out.under different,temperature and light,conditions,and the contents of8mineral elements in three C.tumidissinodashoots with different,excavated height.(2cm,5cm and8cm)were determined by ai-acetylene flameatomic absorption spectrometry after the seedlings were grown.The results showed that,the optimumconditions for seed germination were20C,12h light/12h darkness,but.25C and dark treatment,could promote radicle elongation better.And,C.tumidissinoda shoots at different,growth stages hadabundant,potassium content.(652133——7405.24mg-kg1),followed by sodium content.(625.56——81433mg*kg1)and the lowest,copper content.(636——932mg*kg1).The contents of K and Na inC.tumidisinoda decreased gradua l y with theincrease of height,wh le the contents of Ca,Fe,Cuand Mn increased gradually.The Zn content,showed a mid-peak dominant,change,and the Mg content,basically remained unchanged.This study provided a reference for seed germination and bamboo shoot,quality improvement.Key words:Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda；seed germination；bamboo shoots；mineral element.筇竹(Chimonobambusa tumidissinoda)为禾本科云南省昭通市的11个县(海拔2000〜2600m)和以竹亚科，筇竹属，是西南地区特有的竹种，主要分布于四川省雷波县、筠连县等(海拔1500-26()0m)为代收稿日期2020-08-27基金项目：云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目（2013Y131）作者简介：贾维嘉（1996—）女（汉族）在读博士研究生，研究方向：园林植物（E-mail：1351716276@qq3om）。
果形指数英语
果形指数英语The Fruit Shape Index: A Comprehensive ExplorationFruits are an integral part of our daily lives, providing us with essential nutrients, vibrant flavors, and a connection to the natural world. Beyond their culinary and nutritional significance, fruits also possess a fascinating geometric quality that has long captivated the attention of scientists, horticulturists, and enthusiasts alike. One such characteristic that has garnered significant interest is the fruit shape index, a metric that offers valuable insights into the diverse forms and structures of these botanical wonders.The fruit shape index, also known as the shape factor or shape ratio, is a numerical expression that quantifies the overall shape of a fruit. This index is typically calculated by dividing the fruit's width by its length, resulting in a dimensionless value that ranges from 0 to 1. A fruit with a shape index close to 0 would be considered elongated or oblong, while a value closer to 1 would indicate a more spherical or round shape.The significance of the fruit shape index lies in its ability to provide a standardized and objective means of categorizing and comparing the morphological characteristics of different fruit varieties. This information can be invaluable for a wide range of applications, from agricultural research and crop breeding to product design and consumer preferences.In the realm of agricultural science, the fruit shape index plays a crucial role in the identification and classification of various fruit cultivars. By analyzing the shape characteristics of fruits, researchers can better understand the genetic and environmental factors that influence their development, ultimately aiding in the development of new and improved crop varieties. Additionally, the shape index can be used to assess fruit quality, as certain shapes may be associated with specific attributes such as firmness, shelf life, or even flavor profiles.Beyond its applications in agriculture, the fruit shape index has also found relevance in the fields of product design and consumer behavior. Manufacturers of fruit-based products, such as canned goods, juices, or even decorative items, may consider the shape index when designing their packaging or developing new product lines. The shape of a fruit can significantly impact its visual appeal, ease of handling, and even the perceived quality of the product, all of which can influence consumer purchasing decisions.Furthermore, the fruit shape index has been explored in the realm of food science and sensory evaluation. Researchers have investigated the relationship between the shape of fruits and their perceived taste, texture, and overall acceptability among consumers. This knowledge can inform the development of new fruit varieties or the selection of optimal cultivars for specific culinary applications.Interestingly, the fruit shape index is not limited to the realm of horticulture and food science; it has also found applications in the field of biomimicry, where engineers and designers draw inspiration from nature to solve complex problems. The unique shapes and structures of fruits have been studied and emulated in the development of innovative materials, structures, and even robotic systems, demonstrating the far-reaching potential of this seemingly simple metric.As the world continues to grapple with the challenges of sustainable food production, the importance of the fruit shape index is likely to grow. By understanding the factors that influence fruit shape, researchers and growers can work towards developing more efficient, resilient, and visually appealing fruit crops that meet the evolving needs and preferences of consumers. This, in turn, can contribute to the overall advancement of agricultural practices and the promotion of healthier, more sustainable food systems.In conclusion, the fruit shape index is a multifaceted and remarkably versatile metric that has captured the attention of scientists, designers, and enthusiasts alike. From its applications in agricultural research and product development to its role in biomimicry and consumer behavior, the fruit shape index offers a unique perspective on the fascinating world of botanical diversity. As we continue to explore and understand the intricate relationships between form and function in the natural world, the fruit shape index will undoubtedly remain a valuable tool in our quest for greater knowledge and innovation.。
211091474_体外模拟消化在水产品营养活性物质研究中的应用进展
矫春娜，张健，刘芳，等. 体外模拟消化在水产品营养活性物质研究中的应用进展[J]. 食品工业科技，2023，44（8）：421−428. doi:10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022040122JIAO Chunna, ZHANG Jian, LIU Fang, et al. Research Progress on the Application of in Vitro Digestion Model in Nutritional Active Substances of Aquatic Products[J]. Science and Technology of Food Industry, 2023, 44(8): 421−428. (in Chinese with English abstract). doi: 10.13386/j.issn1002-0306.2022040122· 专题综述 ·体外模拟消化在水产品营养活性物质研究中的应用进展矫春娜，张 健*，刘 芳，王共明，陈建强，井月欣，刘 昕，赵云苹（山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室，山东省海洋资源与环境研究院，山东烟台 264006）摘 要：食物营养素对人体健康的影响主要取决于胃肠道内的消化过程。
体外模拟消化可以综合模拟人体消化过程，具有重现性好、简单灵活、应用广泛等优点，不仅可以预测食物成分、结构和消化特性之间的关系，还可以评估食物成分的生物利用度和消化代谢物对人体健康的影响，是研究食品中营养物质的有效工具。
体外模拟消化已经广泛用于水产品营养活性成分的研究，本文综述了体外模拟消化模型的现状，对静态模型和动态模型的优缺点及其应用进行了详细描述，并系统总结了体外模拟消化在研究水产品蛋白质消化率、生物活性肽消化稳定性、多糖消化酵解特性及脂质氧化稳定性等方面的应用。
此外，还对体外模拟消化模型的局限和优化提出了建议，以期对其在海洋生物医药、海洋功能食品等领域的应用有所助益。
driscoll-kraay方法
driscoll-kraay方法The Driscoll-Kraay (DK) method is an econometric technique used to estimate the impact of different factors on economic outcomes. It was developed by economists Daniel Driscoll and Aart Kraay.The DK method is commonly used in empirical research to analyze causal relationships between variables, particularly in the field of development economics. It enables researchers to identify the causal impact of a specific factor on economic outcomes, while controlling for other underlying factors that may influence the outcome.The basic steps involved in the DK method are as follows:1. Define the causal relationship: Clearly state the causal relationship between the variable of interest (the "treatment") and the outcome variable. For example, if the treatment variable is education and the outcome variable is income, the hypothesis could be that higher levels of education lead to higher levels of income.2. Select a control group: Identify a suitable control group that is similar to the treatment group in all aspects except for the treatment variable. This control group serves as a baseline for comparison.3. Collect data: Gather data on relevant variables, including the treatment variable, outcome variable,and potential confounding variables. It is important to have accurate and comprehensive data to ensure the validity of the analysis.4. Estimate the treatment effect: Use statistical techniques, such as regression analysis, to estimate the causal effect of the treatment variable on the outcome variable. The DK method employs specific econometric models, such as fixed effects or difference-in-differences, to control for other confounding factors.5. Interpret the results: Analyze the estimated treatment effect and draw conclusions about the causal relationship between the treatment variable and the outcome variable. It is important to consider the statistical significance and magnitude of the estimated effect.The DK method allows researchers to overcome the challenge of endogeneity, where the treatment variable may be endogenously determined by other factors. By carefully selecting control groups and employing appropriate statistical techniques, the DK method provides a robust framework for estimating causal effects in empirical research.。
酶解条件对谷物杂粮粉黏度的影响研究
第2期（总第522期）2021年2月农产品加工Farm Products ProcessingNo.2Feb.文章编号：1671-9646(2021) 02b-0033-04酶解条件对谷物杂粮粉黏度的影响研究马丽媛1, **李 杨1,尚尔坤2,张 晟1,张金凤1收稿日期：2020-07-20基金项目：黑龙江省属高校基本科研业务费科研项目青年项目（KYYWF10236190112）；黑龙江教育厅基本科研业务费多学科交叉科研项目（KYYWF10236180208）。
作者简介：马丽媛（1988-），女，硕士，讲师，研究方向为食品加工与贮藏。
*通讯作者：李杨（1985—），女，硕士，讲师，研究方向为农产品加工及贮藏。
(1.绥化学院食品与制药工程学院，黑龙江绥化152061; 2.绥化市食品药品检验检测所，黑龙江绥化152000)摘要：利用不同酶制剂对谷物杂粮粉进行水解，探讨酶解条件对谷物杂粮粉黏度的影响。
结果表明，当谷物杂粮粉底物质量分数为5%，纤维素酶和中温淀粉酶配比为1：1, pH 值为7,酶解温度为50 酶解时间为90 min ，此时 谷物杂粮粉水解液的黏度为92.34 mPa-S ，该酶解工艺条件制得的谷物杂粮粉黏性适中，口感最佳。
关键词：谷物杂粮粉；酶解；黏度中图分类号：TS210.1 文献标志码：A doi ： 10.16693/ki.1671-9646(X ).2021.02.039Effect of Enzymatic Hydrolysis on the Viscosity of Cereal Grains FlourMA Liyuan 1, U Yang 2, SHANG Erkun 1, ZHANG Sheng 1, ZHANG Jinfeng 1(1. College of Food and Pharmaceutical Engineering ， Suihua University ， Suihua ， Heilongjiang 152061， China ;2. Suihua Institute for Food and Drug Control ， Suihua ， Heilongjiang 152000， China)Abstract ： Different enzymes were used to hydrolyze cereal grains flour ， to investigate the effect of enzymatic hydrolysis condi tions on the viscosity of cereal grains. The results showed that when the substrate concentration of cereal grains was 5%， thecellulase and the mesophilic amylase ratio was 1：1， the pH values was 7， enzymolysis temperature was 50 无， enzymolysistime was 90 min ， the viscosity of the hydrolysate of cereal grain powder was 92.34 mPa *S . Under the conditions of this enzy-molysis process ， the cereal grains showed a moderate viscosity and the best taste.Key words ： cereal grains flour ; enzymatic hydrolysis ; viscosity谷物杂粮主要包括谷类（稻米、玉米、小米、 红米、黑米、紫米、大麦、燕麦、养麦等）、杂豆类 （黄豆、绿豆、红豆、黑豆、蚕豆、豌豆等）和块茎 类（红薯、山药、马铃薯等）。
瓜子效应怎样作为作文素材
瓜子效应怎样作为作文素材英文回答：The Watermelon Effect can be a great topic to use as material for an essay. It refers to the phenomenon where one action or event leads to a series of subsequent actions or events, just like how a single watermelon seed can lead to the growth of an entire watermelon patch. This concept can be applied to various aspects of life, such as personal growth, social influence, and even historical events.In terms of personal growth, the Watermelon Effect can be seen when a small decision or action leads to a chain of positive changes in one's life. For example, deciding to wake up early and exercise every morning can lead to improved physical health, increased energy levels, and a more positive mindset. This initial action of waking up early and exercising sets off a chain of events that ultimately leads to a healthier and happier lifestyle.Similarly, the Watermelon Effect can be observed in social influence. One person's behavior or opinion can influence others and lead to a series of actions or changes. For instance, a celebrity endorsing a particular brand of clothing can result in a surge in sales for that brand.This initial endorsement sets off a chain reaction where people start buying the clothing, which in turn influences others to do the same. This ripple effect can be seen in various aspects of society, from fashion trends topolitical movements.Furthermore, historical events can also demonstrate the Watermelon Effect. A single event or decision can have far-reaching consequences that shape the course of history.Take the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, for example. This event triggered a series of events that eventually led to the outbreak of World War I. The initial action of the assassination set off a chain reaction of political tensions and military alliances, resulting in a global conflict that changed the world forever.中文回答：瓜子效应可以作为一篇文章的素材。
用英语介绍咖啡好处作文
Coffee,a beloved beverage worldwide,offers a myriad of health benefits that make it a staple in many peoples daily routines.Heres a detailed look at some of the advantages of consuming coffee:1.Boosts Energy Levels:Coffee is known for its stimulating effect due to its caffeine content.It can increase alertness and reduce the feeling of fatigue,making it a popular choice for those needing a midmorning or afternoon pickmeup.2.Improves Physical Performance:Athletes and fitness enthusiasts often turn to coffee for its ergogenic effects.Caffeine can enhance physical performance by mobilizing fatty acids from fat tissues and making them available for energy use.3.Cognitive Enhancement:Coffee can improve various aspects of brain function, including memory,mood,vigilance,reaction time,and general cognitive function.Its a great aid for students and professionals who require mental clarity and focus.4.Reduces Risk of Certain Diseases:Regular coffee consumption has been linked to a reduced risk of several serious diseases,including type2diabetes,Parkinsons disease, and Alzheimers disease.5.Contains Nutrients and Antioxidants:Coffee is rich in vitamins and minerals,including riboflavin,pantothenic acid,manganese,potassium,and magnesium.It also contains antioxidants,which help to protect cells from damage.6.Liver Health:Studies have shown that coffee can reduce the risk of liver diseases,such as cirrhosis and liver cancer.It may also lower the risk of developing liver disease in people with hepatitis C.7.May Aid in Weight Loss:The metabolismboosting effect of caffeine can help with weight loss.It can increase the bodys ability to burn fat and improve exercise performance,which can contribute to a calorie deficit.8.Improves Digestive Health:Coffee can stimulate the production of gastric acid and aid in digestion.It can also act as a mild laxative for some people,helping to relieve constipation.9.May Lower Risk of Depression:Some research suggests that coffee drinkers have a lower risk of depression.The antioxidants and nutrients in coffee may contribute to this protective effect.10.Longevity:While it may seem counterintuitive,moderate coffee consumption has been associated with a longer lifespan.It appears to reduce the risk of death from a variety of diseases,including heart disease and neurological disorders.11.Skin Health:The antioxidants in coffee can help protect the skin from damage caused by the suns ultraviolet rays,reducing the risk of skin cancer and promoting skin health.12.Bone Health:Contrary to popular belief,moderate coffee consumption does not necessarily lead to weaker bones.In fact,some studies have shown that coffee can be beneficial for bone health,especially in women.Its important to note that these benefits are generally associated with moderate coffee consumption,typically defined as3to4cups per day.Overconsumption of coffee can lead to negative side effects,such as increased heart rate,anxiety,and sleep disturbances. Additionally,adding excessive amounts of sugar and cream to coffee can negate some of its health benefits due to the high calorie content.Enjoying coffee in moderation,and preferably black or with minimal additives,can maximize its positive effects on health.。
两种抗生素菌渣经SEA-CBS技术处理后的肥料特性
１０００１２ꎬ Ｃｈｉｎａ ３.Ｓｃｈｏｏｌ ｏｆ Ｅｃｏｌｏｇｙ ａｎｄ Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎｔꎬ Ｉｎｎｅｒ Ｍｏｎｇｏｌｉａ Ｕｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙꎬ Ｈｏｈｈｏｔ ０１００２１ꎬ Ｃｈｉｎａ ４.Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ Ａｇｒｏ￣Ｂｉｏｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ Ｃｅｎｔｅｒꎬ Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ Ａｃａｄｅｍｙ ｏｆ Ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ ａｎｄ Ｆｏｒｅｓｔｒｙ Ｓｃｉｅｎｃｅｓꎬ Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ １０００９７ꎬ Ｃｈｉｎａ ５.Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ Ｇｕａｎｌａｎ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｃｏ.ꎬ Ｌｔｄ.ꎬ Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ １０００８３ꎬ Ｃｈｉｎａ
抗生素菌渣的主要成分是抗生素产生菌的菌丝 体、未利用完的培养基、发酵过程中产生的代谢产物、 培养基的降解物、少量的抗生素ꎬ以及提取过程中加 入的各种絮凝剂、沉淀剂、助滤剂等物质[３] ꎬ具有黏 度大[４] 、含水率高[５] 、易变臭和液化[６] 等特点. 目前ꎬ 能同时满足抗生素菌渣环境安全处置和大量消纳的 技术主要为安全填埋和焚烧. 安全填埋虽可大量消 纳抗生素菌渣ꎬ但因抗生素菌渣高含水率和高有机质 的特性ꎬ填埋后会发生腐化、液化ꎬ从而产生大量难以 处理的含高浓度有机物的渗滤液[７] ꎬ不仅会对地下 水和土壤构成潜在危害[８] ꎬ而且按照危险废物危害 特性的优先管理顺序ꎬ抗生素菌渣安全填埋占用了大 量的填埋空间ꎬ进而影响了其他危害特性更大的废物 的处置. 焚烧是无害化彻底、减量化显著的一种技 术ꎬ但抗生素菌渣含水率较高ꎬ导致热值较低ꎬ即使进 行脱水预处理后焚烧时也需添加部分燃料ꎬ且焚烧炉 结焦和积灰问题比较严重ꎬ烟气除二氧化硫、氮氧化 物等以外ꎬ还会产生二 英等污染物[９] . 除上述问题 外ꎬ填埋和焚烧也因高额处理处置成本而成为企业的 严重负担ꎬ因此目前这两种技术在我国实施的案例 不多.
剽窃事件英语作文范文2篇
剽窃事件英语作文剽窃事件英语作文范文2篇范文一For sever thousands of years, academia has been considered as an ivory tower. Such fine qualities as spirit of dedication, hard work and perseverance have always been associated with intellectuals involved in academic study. A renowned ancient scholar tied his hair to the house beam to keep himself awake in order to learn more. Another one pricked his thigh with an awl every time he started dozing off. Such stories have inspired generations of scholars to devote themselves to higher learning. What they get in re turn is respect for their knowledge and vision.However, a national survey in the field of science and technology recently came up with a shocking result: almost half of the scholars polled claimed that plagiarism and fabrication are prevalent. Despite public anger over academic corruption, the cases of plagiarism exposed so far are only the tip of the iceberg. Writing dissertations is a way of training students on logical thinking and establishing their own creative argument. Imagine a world where degrees, diplomas, appraisals and professional titles could be obtained by means of cheating – plagiarism and fabrication. What would it matter who you are?Cheating is dishonorable. Cheats know this. Obviously, they have no respect for rules and for principles of fair play and justice. Can students who cheat be trusted not to cheat again, and again, in their lives? What of the damaging effect it has on the career and psyche of honest and diligent students who toil to move up the social? Will these students, who succeed by dint of hard word, still believe in social just and equality, and values of self-development? Those unscrupulous people are destructive to the future of this country. Therefore, something must be done to stop cheating. Now.切断数千年,学术界一直被视为一个象牙塔。
the grain crisis英语作文
The grain crisis is a critical issue that affects the global community,particularly in regions where agriculture is the backbone of the economy.This essay will explore the causes of the grain crisis,its impacts,and potential solutions to address this pressing concern.Causes of the Grain Crisis1.Climate Change:One of the primary reasons for the grain crisis is the adverse effects of climate change.Unpredictable weather patterns,including extreme droughts and floods,have significantly impacted crop yields.nd Degradation:Intensive farming practices have led to soil erosion and degradation, reducing the fertility of the land and its ability to support grain production.3.Water Scarcity:The availability of fresh water is essential for agriculture.In many regions,water scarcity is becoming a serious problem due to overextraction,pollution, and climate change.4.Population Growth:The increasing global population has led to a higher demand for food,putting additional pressure on grain production.5.Mismanagement and Corruption:In some countries,poor governance and corruption have led to the inefficient allocation of resources and funds meant for agricultural development.6.Dependence on Fossil Fuels:Modern agriculture is heavily reliant on fossil fuels for machinery and fertilizers,which contributes to environmental degradation and is unsustainable in the long term.Impacts of the Grain Crisis1.Food Insecurity:The most direct impact of the grain crisis is food insecurity,leading to malnutrition and hunger,particularly among the most vulnerable populations.2.Economic Instability:Grain is a staple food for many,and its scarcity can lead to price spikes,affecting the economy and causing social unrest.3.Migration:In regions severely affected by the grain crisis,people may be forced to migrate in search of food and better living conditions,leading to social and political challenges.4.Environmental Degradation:The pursuit of increased grain production can lead to further deforestation and environmental harm,creating a vicious cycle of ecological decline.5.Health Issues:A lack of access to a balanced diet due to grain scarcity can result in a range of health issues,including stunted growth in children and increased susceptibility to diseases.Potential Solutions1.Sustainable Farming Practices:Promoting sustainable farming methods,such as crop rotation,organic farming,and agroforestry,can help maintain soil health and increase resilience to climate change.2.Investment in Agricultural Technology:Developing and implementing advanced farming technologies can improve efficiency and reduce the reliance on fossil fuels.3.Water Management:Effective water management strategies,including rainwater harvesting and efficient irrigation systems,can help conserve water resources for agriculture.4.Policy Reforms:Governments should enact policies that support sustainable agriculture,combat corruption,and ensure fair distribution of resources.cation and Training:Educating farmers about sustainable practices and providing them with the necessary training can help improve agricultural productivity and sustainability.6.International Cooperation:Global cooperation is essential to share knowledge, technology,and resources to address the grain crisis effectively.In conclusion,the grain crisis is a multifaceted problem that requires a comprehensive approach involving sustainable practices,technological innovation,and international collaboration.By addressing the root causes and implementing effective solutions,we can work towards ensuring food security and environmental sustainability for future generations.。
功能食品研发进展
3） 1项试验为阳性
如果其中1项试验为阳性，则再选择第二阶段 毒性试验中规定的其他备选遗传毒性试验中 的两项进一步试验。如再选的两项试验均为 阳性，则应放弃该受试物用于食品。如一项 为阳性，而在短期喂养试验和传统致畸试验 中未见有明显毒性与致畸作用，则可进入第 三阶段毒性试验。
4） 4项试验均为阴性 进入第三阶段毒性试验。
Positive health effects include a reduction in blood cholesterol level, the promotion of a healthy digestive system, increased resistance to disease, the promotion of healthy teeth and bones, provision energy, and perhaps even reducing the risk of contracting some forms of cancer.
食品的第三功能是功能食品发展的基础。
3 功能食品的发展历程
1）功能食品理念源出于远东： 食品可以发挥药品功能（food can function like drug）。
药食同源（Food and drugs have, by many been thought of as materials from the same source. In some cases, they are referred to as isogeneous）。
1 毒理学评价的四个阶段 第一阶段：急性毒性试验（LD50） 第二阶段：遗传毒性试验、传统致畸试验、短期喂养试验 遗传毒性试验的组合保必须考虑原核细胞、真核细胞；生殖
The secrets of the earth Soil degradation
The secrets of the earth SoildegradationSoil degradation is a critical issue that is affecting the earth's ability to sustain life. It refers to the decline in soil quality, which can be caused by various factors such as erosion, nutrient depletion, pollution, and overuse. This problem has severe consequences for agriculture, food security, and the environment as a whole. In this response, I will explore the secrets of soil degradation from multiple perspectives, highlighting the emotional and environmental impacts it has on our planet. From an agricultural perspective,soil degradation poses a significant threat to global food production. As the quality of soil deteriorates, it becomes less fertile and less able to support plant growth. This leads to reduced crop yields and lower agricultural productivity. Farmers who rely on their land for their livelihoods are deeply affected by this, as they struggle to produce enough food to sustain themselves and their communities. The emotional toll of this can be devastating, as farmers witness their hard work and investments being wasted due to soil degradation. Furthermore, soil degradation has broader implications for food security on a global scale. With a growing population and increasing demands for food, the need for sustainable and productive agriculture is more important than ever. However, as soil quality declines, the ability to meet these demands becomes increasingly challenging. This can lead to food shortages, price hikes, and even famine in some regions. The emotional impact of not being able to provide enough food for oneself and their family is profound, causing stress, anxiety, and despair. From an environmental perspective, soil degradation has wide-ranging consequences. One of the most significant impacts is the loss of biodiversity. Soil is home to a vast array of organisms, including bacteria, fungi, worms, and insects, which play crucial roles in nutrient cycling and maintaining soil health. However, when soil is degraded, these organisms suffer, leading to a decline in biodiversity. This loss not only affects the soil ecosystem but also has cascading effects on other ecosystems, such as forests and wetlands, which rely on healthy soil for their survival. Moreover, soil degradation contributes to climate change. Healthy soilsact as carbon sinks, absorbing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. However, degraded soils release carbon dioxide back into the atmosphere, exacerbating the greenhouse effect and global warming. This creates a vicious cycle, as climate change further intensifies soil degradation through increased temperatures, droughts, and extreme weather events. The emotional toll of witnessing the destruction caused by climate change can be overwhelming, leading to feelings of helplessness and grief. Addressing soil degradation requires a multifaceted approach. Firstly, sustainable land management practices need to be implemented to prevent further degradation and restore degraded soils. This includes techniques such as conservation agriculture, agroforestry, and organic farming, which promote soil health and fertility. Additionally, reducing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides can help mitigate pollution and nutrient depletion in soils. Education and awareness are also crucial in combating soil degradation. Farmers and landowners need to be informed about the importance of soil conservation and provided with the knowledge and resources to implement sustainable practices. Governments and organizations should invest in research and development to find innovative solutions to soil degradation and supportinitiatives that promote soil health. In conclusion, soil degradation is a pressing issue that affects agriculture, food security, and the environment. From the emotional struggles of farmers to the environmental consequences of lost biodiversity and climate change, the impacts of soil degradation are far-reaching and profound. It is essential that we recognize the importance of soil conservation and take action to prevent further degradation. By implementing sustainable land management practices and promoting awareness, we can work towards a future where our soils are healthy, productive, and able to sustain life for generations to come.。