Lectures 13 and 14
(贵阳专版)中考英语复习 第3部分 中考题型攻略篇 题型4 完形填空(精炼)检测-人教版初中九年级全
题型四完形填空(1)A(来源于教材七下Unit 3)How do you get to school every day?For most students in cities,it's __1__ for them to get to school.They can walk or ride a bike to school.They can get to school by bus or even by subway.It won't __2__ them too long to get to school and go home.But for some students in faraway villages,things are quite different.Life for them is hard.It's difficult for them to get to school every ually they will spend a few __3__ on the way.In one small village,there is a big river between the school and the village.The students can't get to school by boat because the river __4ey have to go on a ropeway to cross the big river.Though it's dangerous,they are used to it and are not afraid.In their mind,going out to study is their __5__ thing.Because of this,many of the students and villagers __6__ leave their village.How they are looking forward to having a __7__！I do hope one day their dream can e true.( B )1.( A )2.( B )3.( C )4.( C )5.( A )6.etimes( B )7.B(2018某某适应性考试),she was diagnosed with a serious __8__ that affects her nervous system.Doctors said she would never be able to walk.Her parents were extremely __9__ on hearing the news.When she was five,her parents told her the truth.To their surprise,Angela was not __10__.She told everyone that she wasgoing to walk again some day.Both her parents and doctors encouraged her to imagine herself walking.They thought this would at least give her some __11__,if it would do nothing else.Angela imagined herself walking every day.Lying in her bed,she saw herself moving in her mind,which brought her plenty of happiness and confidence.One day,as she was thinking about walking again,her bed began to move! It moved all around the room,in fact.Angela __12__,“Look what I am doing! Look! Look! I can do it! I moved,I moved！”But at the same time,everyone else in the hospital was screaming and __13__.An earthquake was shaking the hospital.But no one told that to Angela.She believed that she had moved on her own.A few years later,she was able to return to __14__ and study with her classmates,walking on her own two legs.She believed in herself and used her strong will to walk again.If we have a strong will to do something,__15__ is impossible.Angela gives us a good example.( C )8.( B )9.( A )10.( C )11.( B )12.( B )13.( A )14.( B )15.(2)A(来源于教材九年级Unit 11)Long long ago,there lived an unhappy king.He slept badly and didn't feel like eating.He often cried for no reason.This made the queen __1__.ut he found __2__ wrong with his body.“It's all in his mind.Neither medicine nor rest can help him.What he needs is the __3__ of a happy person to wear.That'll make him happy.”First,the prime minister was called to the palace.But he said he was always worried about __4__ his power and didn't feel happy.Then the king's __5__ came in.He said he had a lot of wealth,__6__ he was afraid of being stolen.Two days later,the general found a poor man on the street.He was eating with his friends and singing __7__.The general wanted the shirt of the poor man but the poor man was __8__ poor that he didn't even have a shirt.( B )1.( B )2.( A )3.( C )4.( C )5.( B )6.( B )7.( A )8.B(2018某某适应性考试)Being “on time” is important in the United States.A few guidelines are given here.For a Dinner Invitation When you are invited for a __9__,you should arrive within 5 to 15 minutes of the time specified in the invitation.Do not arrive earlier,because people usually do their own __10__ at home,and they may be working until the last minute to get things ready for you.If you are going to be late,it is __11__ to call and inform the people who have invited you.Then they can prepare the meal according to the time you will actually arrive.At Parties When you are __12__ to a party,you can arrive up to half an hour late.For cocktail parties and receptions,a time period is usually specified during which you are expected to arriveand leave.You may arrive at any time during that period,but remember that you are also expected to __13__ by the ending time.At Public Events For movies and theater productions,you will want to arrive at least 10 minutes ahead of time to get your ticket/program and be seated.You should also be at least 10 minutes __14__ for weddings,funerals,lectures,and sports events.For Business Appointments You should arrive exactly __15__ or a few minutes before your appointment.If the person you are seeing is busy,they may keep you waiting,but you should still be on time.( B )9.( A )10.( C )11.( B )12.( C )13.( A )14.( C )15.A.at once B.by now C.on time(3)A(来源于教材八上Unit 4)Everyone is good at something,but some people are truly talented.It's always interesting to watch other people show __1__ talents.Talent shows are getting more and more popular.All these shows try to __2__ the best singers,the most exciting magicians,the funniest actors and so on.All kinds of people __3__ these shows.But who can play the piano the best or sing the most beautifully？That's up to you to decide.When people watch the show,they usually play a role in deciding the __4__.However,not everybody enjoys watching these shows.Some think that the lives of the performersare __5__.For example,some people say they are poor farmers,__6__ in fact,they are just actors.However,if you don't take these shows too __7__,they are fun to watch.And one great thing about them is that they give people a way to make their dreams e true.( A )1.( B )2.A.look up B.look for C.look after( A )3.( B )4.( C )5.A.put up B.set up C.made up( A )6.( C )7.B(2017某某适应性考试)It was snowy and dark on the last evening of the year.Many people were getting together in their __8__ homes.A poor little girl was still walking in the streets with no __9__.There were some matches(火柴) in her hand.“Matches,matches！”the little girl cried in a low voice.No one __10__ her when they were passing by.She didn't sell any matches and no one gave her a coin.The wind was blowing strongly and the snow was falling down on her long hair.She felt __11__ and hungry.Lights were shining from every window.But the little girl was afraid to go home without selling one __12__ of matches,because her father would beat her.“Ah,a burning match may warm me up！”she __13__.She lit three matches.When the matches were burning,she saw a warm stove,a delicious roast goose and a beautiful Christmas __14__.But all these disappeared when the flames went out.Then she lit a fourth match.A kind old woman was standing there.“Grandmother！”cried the little girl.“Take me with you.”Her grandmother smiled and held thegirl in her __15__.On the morning of the new year,the girl was lying against the wall,dead!( B )8.( A )9.( B )10.( A )11.( B )12.( A )13.( B )14.( A )15.(4)A(来源于教材九年级Unit 6)Tea,the most popular drink in the world,was invented by accident.According to an ancient Chinese legend,the emperor Shen Nong __1__ tea when he was boiling drinking water over an open fire.Some leaves from a nearby plant fell into the water and __2__ there for some time.The emperor noticed that the leaves in the water produced a __3__ ter he decided to taste the hot mixture.It was quite delicious.And __4__,one of the world's favorite drinks was invented.China is __5__ of tea,which has more than 4,000 years of history.People in China drink tea every day.Of the three major drinks—tea,coffee and cocoa,tea is drunk by the largest number of people in the world.Tea from China,together with silk and porcelain(瓷器),began to be known by the world over a thousand years ago and has been a(n) __6__ Chinese export(出口产品) since then.Tea plants are grown __7__ in the south areas of the Yangtze River,in the provinces of Zhejiang,Jiangxi and Fujian.Longjing,Wulong,Pu'er and Tieguanyin are all famous kinds of tea.Over the past centuries,Chinese people have developed their special tea culture,which includestea planting,tealeaf picking,tea making and so on.Tea is also a popular topic __8__ is often mentioned in dances,songs,poems and novels.( C )1.( A )2.( B )3.( B )4.( C )5.( B )6.( A )7.( C )8.B(来源于21世纪英文报)As a 28yearold man,I was sitting on my mom's sofa and waiting for the pain in my back to ease(减轻).A lack(缺少) of work and money forced my wife,our baby boy and me to live with my parents.We slept in my old bedroom,and I was __9__.Thankfully,I had one new job：helping my son learn __10__ to walk.Anytime he took a few steps,however,he would fall down and cry.I had to bend(弯腰) over and hold his __11__ while he walked along.But my back didn't deal with it well.As I sat there with my eyes closed,I suddenly heard my mother say in a low __12__：“Joe,look！” I opened my eyes and w atched my son grab the coffee table,pull himself up and smile.Next with a giggle(格格地笑),he started walking around it,keeping his hands on it for balance(平衡).Finally,when he __13__ the end of it,he took two big steps and made it to the wall.Then he started walking down the hall with his hands balancing on the wall.I la,being unemployed(失业的) wasn't so __14__,because my boy had learned to walk.Learning to love in this world is a lot like first learning to walk.We often fall andcry.However,__15__ we try again,we will find our own feet and know how to love.Don't be afraid to step out.Don't be afraid to fall.( A )9.A.feeling down B.turning down C.falling down( B )10.( B )11.A.head B.hand C.foot( B )12.( C )13.( B )14.( C )15.A.because B.though C.if(5)A(来源于教材八下Unit 3)I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.It is not enough to just get good __1__ at school.Children these days __2__ their parents too much.They are always asking,“Could you get this for me？” or “Could you help me with that？” Doing chores helps to develop children's __34__ they live in one house with their parents,they should know that everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and __5__.Our neighbors' son got into a good college but during his first year,he had no idea how to take care of __6__.As a result,he often fell __7__ and his grades dropped.The earlier kids learn to be independent,the __8__ it is for their future.I think it's important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.( A )1.( B )2.A.put on B.depend on C.look up( B )3.( A )4.( B )5.( C )6.( A )7.A( A )8.B(来源于21世纪英文报)The story of TheUglyDuckling describes a poor young bird.All the ducks __9__ him for his ugly appearance—he is small and grey.Feeling sad,he runs away from home.Along the way,he meets wild ducks and hens,__10__ can't find a good friend.After lots of sadness and difficulty,the poor duckling looks down into a pond.He is __11__ by his reflection(倒影) in the water.He finds that he has grown up to be a beautiful swan.This children's fairy tale has been beloved fo12__ writer Hans Christian Andersen wrote it in 1843.The story teaches us many valuable __13__.For example,we should not judge(评价) a person by his or her appearance.It is inner beauty that makes a person __14__.In addition,we learn that we should care about other people's feelings.The story's message is wellknown around the world.Today,we use the phrase “ugly duckling” to describe __15__that ends up being beautiful later.( B )9.A.look up ugh at C.take in( B )10.( C )11.( C )12.( A )13.( B )14.( A )15.A.something ugly B.something nice C.something bad。
八年级科技与社会英语阅读理解25题
八年级科技与社会英语阅读理解25题1<背景文章>Smartphones have become an indispensable part of modern society. They are not just simple communication devices anymore.Modern smartphones are equipped with a wide variety of functions. They have high - quality cameras that can take clear pictures and record videos, allowing people to capture precious moments at any time. With powerful processors and large amounts of memory, they can run numerous applications smoothly. For example, there are various social media apps like Facebook, Instagram and Twitter, which enable people to connect with friends, family and even strangers all over the world.In terms of the impact on social interaction, smartphones have both positive and negative aspects. On the positive side, they break the barriers of distance. People can communicate instantly with others regardless of geographical location. It has greatly enhanced the frequency and convenience of communication. However, there are also problems. Some people are so addicted to their smartphones that they ignore the people around them in real - life situations. For instance, during family gatherings or meetings, some individuals keep looking at their phones, which may lead to a decline in the quality of face - to - face communication.When it comes to learning and work, smartphones also play important roles. There are many educational apps available. Students can use them to look up information, study online courses, and practice language skills. Workers can use smartphones to check emails, manage schedules, and even hold video conferences. But over - reliance on smartphones can also cause problems. For example, some students may use their phones to play games during study time instead of focusing on their lessons.In addition, smartphones also bring issues such as privacy concerns. Some apps may collect users' personal information without their clear consent. And the excessive use of smartphones may also have an impact on people's physical and mental health, such as causing eye strain and reducing attention span.1. <问题1>What is one of the functions of modern smartphones according to the passage?A. They can only be used for making phone calls.B. They have high - quality cameras for taking pictures and videos.C. They are too slow to run any applications.D. They can't connect to the Internet.答案：B。
大学英语Cloze练习与答案
V ClozeExercise 1Most people have no idea of the hard work and worry that go into the collecting of those fascinating birds and animals that they pay to see in the zoo. One of the questions that is always asked of me is 1_________I became an animal collector in the first 2 _________.The answer is that I have always been interested in animals and zoos. According to my parents, the first word I was able to say with any 3 _________was not the conventional “mamma” or “daddy”,4______ the word “zoo”, which I would 5 _________over and over again with a shrill 6 _________until someone, wanting to 7 _________me up, would take me to the zoo. When I 8 _________a little older, we lived in Greece and I had a great 9 _________of pets, ranging from owls to seahorses, and I spent all my spare time 10 _________the countryside in search of fresh specimens to 11 _________ to my collection of pets.12________ on I went for a year to the City Zoo, as a student 13 _________, to get experience of the large animals, such as lions, bears, bison and ostriches,14_______ were not easy to keep at home. When I left, I 15 _________had enough money of my own to be able to 16 _________my first trip and I have been going 17 _________ever since then. Though a collector's job is not an easy one and is full of 18 _________, it is certainly a job which will appeal 19 _________all those who love animals and 20 _________.1. A. how B. where C. when D. whether2. A. region B. field C. place D. case3. A. clarity B. emotion C. sentiment D. affection4. A. except B. but C. except for D. but for5. A. recite B. recognize C. read D. repeat6. A. volume B. noise C. voice D. pitch7. A. close B. shut C. stop D. comfort8. A. grew B. was growing C. grow D. grown9. A. many B. amount C. number D. supply10 .A. living B. cultivating C. reclaiming D. exploring11. A. increase B. include C. add D. enrich12. A. later B. further C. then D. subsequently13. A. attendant B. keeper C. member D. aide14. A. who B. they C. of which D. which15. A. luckily B. gladly C. nearly D. successfully16. A. pay B. provide C. allow D. finance17. A. normally B. regularly C. usually D. often18. A. expectations B. sorrows C. excitement D. disappointments19. A. for B. with C. to D. from20. A. excursion B. travel C. journey D. TripExercise 2If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 1_________in your work would depend, to 2 _________greatextent, 3 ____________your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage.4 _________the utmost importance is your attitude. A person5 ________ begins a job convinced that he isn't going to like it or is6 ______________that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure7 _________his belief that he is probably as capable8 _________doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt9 _________it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well。
备战高考英语单句语法填空练习：专题04 介词(原卷版)
专题04 介词距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
第01组1. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)She is qualified ______ the job.2. Flowers usually come out __________ spring every year.3. Fred entered without knocking and, very out of breath, sank _______ a chair.4. (2022·北京市市辖区·期中考试)From then on, we've kept in touch with each other ______ e-mails.5. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)We arrived in Shenyang ______ Christmas Eve.6. (2020·江苏省常州市·单元测试)The large grassland, reaching out far away, looks extremely beautiful ______ the blue and clean sky.7. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)Tom is making some preparations ______ his new job.8. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)Do you have any plans ______ the weekend?9. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)We have courses ______ foreign languages and computer science for adults.10. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)Will you keep an eye ______ my child for a while?11. (2010·天津市·历年真题)My father warned me ______ going to the West Coast because it was crowded with tourists.12. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)______ my opinion, speeding is perhaps the main cause ______ car accidents.13. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)The young man wants to find a job ______ an advertisement company, but he has no experience ______ this field.14. (2009·上海市·历年真题)Four Chinese models were ______ the 14 people awarded prizes on Friday at the World Supermodel Competition.15. The fishermen were illegally arrested just several miles ______ the north coast.16. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)There will also be press conferences and lectures ______ fashion trends.17. (2022·天津市市辖区·模拟题)______ the vast knowledge that we have accumulated, there are still many unsolved natural mysteries out there.18. (2009·福建省·历年真题)—How amazing it is that astronauts are exploring outer space!—It's a challenge, I guess，______ man against nature.19. (2019·全国·单元测试)We've talked a lot ______ films. How ______ television now?20. (2009·陕西省·历年真题)He invited me to a dance after the show ______ Christmas Eve.21. Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ______ working here.22. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)Please accept my congratulations ______ your graduation.23. (2022·天津市·模拟题)—You should have a lot to complain about your partner, John.—No! I really have nothing ______ him.24. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)The trees are growing ______ the bright sunlight.25. (2022·云南省·期末考试)Mary is interested ______ playing football.第02组1. (2021·湖北省·同步练习)Fuzhou is ______ the southeast of China.2. (2009·重庆市·历年真题)Try on this red skirt；you will look great ______ it.3. (2009·北京市·历年真题)The wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ______ little foreign ownership.4. (2022·河北省·单元测试)Business processes can be composed ______ services and other business processes.5. Jane had to shout, because I couldn't hear her ______ the noise of the traffic.6. Making the decision to leave behind a familiar home and life proved the great lengths Mon would go to ______ these she loved.7. Laurence's novel was eventually recognized ______ a work of genius.8. (2019·安徽省·单元测试)A journey of a thousand miles begins ______ a single step.9. Having heard that you are recruiting volunteers to teach in the countryside, I am writing to apply ______ a chance to become a volunteer.10. Many argue that any attempt to get rid of coal would result a widespread loss of jobs.11. The effect my uncle has ______ me is greater than any other person.12. (2021·江苏省徐州市·同步练习)Mother Teresa won the Nobel Peace Prize ______ her work among the poor people.13. (2019·江苏省无锡市·模拟题)They changed their blue shirts ______ the white ones.14. Jean grew into an insecure person, because love was totally absent ______ her childhood.15. An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______ it.16. (2019·江苏省无锡市·模拟题)______ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year.17. Kangaroos compete ______ sheep and cattle for supplies of food and water.18. If you leave your shoes lying around like that, you'll trip ______ them.19. At the frightening scene, her voice was shaking ______ all her efforts to control it.20. Interest quickly spread and so far the charity has counted 14 chapters nationwide ______ one developing in Montreal.21. (2022·北京市市辖区·期末考试)The doctor pushed his way ______ the crowd to get to the old man.22. (2021·江苏省徐州市·同步练习)Tamara stared ______ him in disbelief, shaking her head.23. There's an increased demand ______ organic produce these days.24. The great pianist performed in the center of stage, ______ whose command the keys were producing wonderful tunes.25. The design has to appeal ______ all ages and social groups.第03组1. (2022·河北省·单元测试)His words puzzled me so much that I had a hard time trying to make sense ______ what he really meant.2. (2022·福建省厦门市·月考试卷)The young mother crossed the busy road cautiously, taking her daughter tightly ______ the arm.3. (2022·福建省厦门市·月考试卷)Every child has the right to receive education regardless ______ their genders and races.4. (2022·河北省石家庄市·月考试卷)______ no circumstances will my mother permit me to go out alone at night.5. (2022·河北省石家庄市·月考试卷)No one knows for sure why adolescence is unique ______ humans.6. (2022·河北省石家庄市·月考试卷)I'll find a way to improve ______ my own so that I can make the team next year.7. (2022·河北省石家庄市·月考试卷)He addressed the meeting ______ the request of the chairman.8. The audience was guided ______ a long hallway full of new clothing and encouraged to pick it up because "it was free".9. (2021·江苏省无锡市·单元测试)Many students want to find friends on the Internet as a way of practising their language skills and learning ________ different cultures.10. (2021·山东省聊城市·同步练习)In the dark street, there wasn't a single person, ______ whom she could turn for help.11. The research which he devotes himself ______ is of great importance.12. (2020·江苏省淮安市·其他类型)You knocked him ______ his feet. How careless you are!13. You can count ______ him because he is a reliable man.14. He refused to pass any comment ______ the committee's decision.15. Make the extra effort to impress the buyer and you will be rewarded ______ a quicker sale.16. a stage entertainment, Sichuan Opera conveys the idea of time and space to the audience through performances.17. Standards and rules must be set to keep order, make sure of justice and stand up ______ individual rights, but do not contradict school policy.18. Lily's academic success justified the faith her teachers had put ______ her.19. (2019·江苏省无锡市·模拟题)She looks quite young ______ her age.20. (2021·福建省漳州市·期中考试)When Wilson returned from hospital two months later, his parents attempted to find a way to deal ______ the catastrophe that had happened to their lives.21. She was asked to rewrite her composition, which was well ______ average for the class.22. He went ______ the direction of the village, for the children wanted to draw pictures under his direction.23. (2021·江苏省徐州市·同步练习)This app helps you to recover messages ______ case of a power failure or system crash.24. She spent her days in the lab, trying to figure ______ how to genetically engineer plants.25. It's predicted that driverless cars will reduce accidents ______90%, and so millions of deaths could be avoided in future.第04组1. (2021·北京市市辖区·同步练习)So whether life will on the earth for millions of years to come will depend ______ whether this problem can be solved.2. Scientists are convinced ______ the positive effect of laughter ______ physical and mental health.3. The topic of the speech was announced a week ______ advance.4. Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar ______ them.5. —I believe it is the only solution to this problem.—That's debatable, I think. I can come up ______ five other solutions as good as that.6. If you're bored ______ old-fashioned running, you might want to try crunning, a new fitness craze that's taking Australia by storm.7. One framework used ______ understanding motivation is the hierarchy(层级) of needs proposed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow in 1943.8. (2022·河北省·单元测试)The young man was charged ______ robbery with violence.9. (2022·河北省·单元测试)Listening is thus an active, not a passive behavior consisting ______ hearing,understanding and remembering.10. There was nobody she can turn ______ in the dark street, so she called the police.11. Then we started our journey to the Qomolangma base camp ______ road from Lhasa.12. Shall we discuss the project ______ lunch? It seems the only time when both of us are available.13. With great effort, she has reduced her weight ______ five kilograms in the past 7 days.14. It may sound broad and profound, but in fact it arises out of our (curious) and is shown all aspects of our daily lives.15. (2021·江苏省徐州市·同步练习)So far, Mr Cook has not commented ______ these reports.16. (2019·江苏省无锡市·模拟题)He has been caught in the rain and is wet ______ the skin.17. (2021·江苏省徐州市·同步练习)You mean you can't figure ______ what she's up to?18. (2021·福建省漳州市·期中考试)She's trying to come ______ with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly.19. ______ a few years, they'll be graduating and moving on.20. (2019·江苏省无锡市·模拟题)The doctor tried to laugh my mother ______ her fears about the operation.21. (2021·江苏省南京市·同步练习)William is so stubborn that he prefers to solve the problem by himself rather than turn ______ friends.22. He likes to point ______ that every individual straw that is parts of his art work likely came from orange.23. Men usually have an advantage ______ women when hunting for jobs.24. (2021·江苏省徐州市·同步练习)I think we need to improve our educational system ______ general.25. (2021·江苏省南京市·同步练习)I didn't have enough money on me, otherwise I could have bought that iPad ______ sale the other day.高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功高考质量提升是一项系统工程，涉及到多个方面、各个维度，关键是要抓住重点、以点带面、全面突破，收到事半功倍的效果。
新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3(参考答案)
新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 1 Enjoy the colorful campus life!II Basic listening practice1. C)2. D)3. B)4. D)5. A)III Listening inTask 1(1) the first day (2) changing(3) really good (4) hard workers(5) went over her head (6) explained(7) notes (8) Wednesday(9) participation (10) educationTask 2(1) extra training (2) chemistry(3) accounting (4) many fields of study(5) better potential (6) business degree(7) challenging (8) how to learn(9) better understanding (10) narrow-mindedTask 31. B)2. C)3. D)4. A)5. D)IV Speaking outModel 1(1) already I feel like I’ve learned a lot(2) I already feel like I’m up to my ears in homework(3) have to hit the books(4) rub off on you(5) Probably, you’ll have no repeat the year(6) I’ll be burning the midnight oil.Model 2(1) how I’m going to stay awake(2) He could put the entire basketball team to sleep-during the championship game(3) She’s tough(4) No pain, no gain(5) he usually fails half on the students(6) I’m bored to deathModel 3(1) what are your primary duties as a professor(2) I do a lot of research and writing(3) Teaching is an important part of being a professor(4) applying for grants to fund my research(5) being a professor sounds pretty competitive(6) So you get an F in this courseV Let’s talk(1) quality (2) young (3) 25(4) difficult (5) government (6) quality(7) cut (8) extra-cautions (9) afford(10) experience (11) more (12) blame(13) budget (14) puzzled (15) serviceVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1) standardized tests (2) abilities and interest(3) interest (4) pressure(5) well-rounded (6) get into good colleges(7) the rest of the school (8) from bad to worseTask 2(S1) course(S2) quizzes(S3) semester(S4) confident(S5) party(S6) make(S7) missed(S8) they had a flat tire on the way back and didn’t have a spare(S9) placed them in separate rooms, handed each of them a paper(S10) On the second page was a question worth 95 points: “Which of the tires was flat Task 31. B)2. A)3. C)4. D)5. D)Viewing and speaking1. (1) increasing (2) 12 (3) more(4) facilities (5) lectures (6) poorer(7) grant (8) one (9) budget(10) less (11) young (12) classic(13) part-time (14) growing (15) two-year新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 2 Our globe is in danger!I Lead-in1. 3 8 52 7 46 1 9II Basic listening practice1. B)2. D)3. A)4. A)5. C)III Listening inTask 1(1) nature (2) environmental problem(3) pollution (4) promote(5) aware of (6) from occurring(7) law (8) throw away(9) finde (10) trashTask 21. D)2. A)3. B)4. C)5. D)Task 31. D)2. D)3. A)4. B)5. C)IV Speaking outModel 1(1) getting along during this usually hot weather(2) the hot, humid weather is killing her(3) does bring global warming and rain(4) Everybody should know what causes global warming. Otherwise we won’t stop it.(5) not to burn any more wood or coal(6) the polar ice caps melt and oceans riseModel 2(1) asking for donations to save the rainforests(2) They need hot, tropical climates(3) heavy rainfall leads to dense vegetation(4) plant and animal species exist only in rainforests(5) are in danger of destruction by(6) find a way to save themModel 3(1) a big sandstorm hit our city(2) The air was full of dirt and sand dust(3) comes after a long period of drought(4) the soil can be lifted up(5) plant more trees and grass(6) launching a new afforestation program in a bid to address the environmental problemV Let’s talk(1) - b (2) - a (3) - h (4) - d(5) - g (6) – e (7) – c (8) -fVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1) water pollution (2) overconsumption(3) economic growth (4) resources(5) social advancement (6) restricted(7) government planning (8) economic policy(9) remarkable steps (10) balanceTask 21. D)2. B)3. A)4. C)5. C)Task 3(S1) negative(S2) report(S3) warming(S4) pressures(S5) mountainous(S6) barely(S7) make way for(S8) expect 98 percent of the mountain areas to experience severe climate change by 2055(S9) the UN is anxious to raise awareness of the problems facing mountain areas(S10) Thousands of villages in Europe are deserted most of the yearTask 31. B)2. A)3. C)4. D)5. D)Viewing and speaking1. (1) signs (2) warmer temperatures (3) warmest(4) snow (5) attracts (6) trouble(7) normal (8) best season (9) one-time (10) white新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 3 Culture makes me what I am.I Lead-in1) C 2) I 3) I 4) CII Basic listening practice1. C)2. A)3. D)4. B)5. A)III Listening inTask 11. C)2. A)3. C)4. B)5. D)Task 2(S1) roots(S2) what(S3) moral(S4) diligence(S5) sin(S6) teachings(S7) centuries(S8) Even as children they were taught, “If it’s worth doing at all, it’s worth doing well(S9) In English a new world has been created to describe people who work compulsively(S10) Others hold that workaholics are valuable members of society because they are extremely productiveTask 31. D)2. A)3. D)4. A)5. C)IV Speaking outModel 1(1) individual interests rank above everything else(2) it’s a sharp contrast to the oriental collectivism(3) is not necessarily an equivalent for selfishness(4) all values, rights, and duties originate in individuals(5) in oriental countries the interests of the group are more important than anything else(6) Why do Americans cherish individualismModel 2(1) always seem to be in a hurry(2) What do you think are the reasons for that difference(3) Does this strong sense of time affect their lifestyle(4) led them to create fast food(5) globalization shrinks the differences between cultures(6) the gap will eventually be bridgedModel 3(1) they’re on top(2) they definitely get the best marks(3) They never skip class(4) did homework each night until the early hours(5) That’s the secret of their success(6) I just want to learn it in an interesting wayV Let’s talk1. (1) transatlantic slave trade(2) unknown lands(3) dignity or payment2. (1) rich(2) cotton and sugar3. (1) all over the world(2) family history(3) changed4. 200th anniversary5. (1) banned(2) taking part in(3) slavery(4) freedVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 11. C)2. B)3. A)4. C)5. D)Task 21. T2. F3. T4. F5. FTask 31. The Russian hurled the half-full bottle of vodka out of the open window.2. He answered, “V odka is plentiful in my country. In fact, we have thousands and thousands of liters of it-far more than we need.”3. The businessman said, “I thought the Cuban economy was not good this year. Yet you threw that perfectly good cigar away. I find your actions quite puzzling.4. He replied, “Cigars are a dime a dozen in Cuba. We have more of them than we know what to do with.”5. The American businessman sat in silence for a moment. Then he got up, grabbed the lawyer, and threw him out of the window. He did that probably because he thought there were too many lawyers in the United States.Viewing and speaking1. (1) disappearing (2) kicking (3) tea shop(4) image crisis (5) update (6) compete(7) fast (8) product designers (9) contacts(10) similar (11) want (12) challenge(13) consumer (14) traditional新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 4 Taste the sweets and bitters of family life.I Lead-in1. 3 2 4 1II Basic listening practice1. C)2. A)3. B)4. C)5. D)III Listening inTask 1(S1) typical(S2) known(S3) Generally(S4) find(S5) apartment(S6) sole(S7) principal(S8) Dual-earner families are the predominant type for families with children in the United States(S9) adequate day care of children is necessary for dual-earner families(S10) companies are getting involved in the arrangement of day careTask 21. F2. T3. T4. F5. TTask 31. A)2. A)3. A)4. D)5. C)IV Speaking outModel 1(1) I’m having a hectic time working on this report(2) it’s been more than five years, almost six, since we were married(3) Time has gone so fast(4) I’m this close to getting a promotion(5) What has that got to do with it(6) you have a great pointModel 2(1) So many people in the United States get divorced(2) the divorce rate can be as high as 50 percent(3) Westerners fall head over heels in love quickly(4) some marriages break up, but most couples stay together(5) Do people get married young(6) Do women usually work after they get marriedModel 3(1) haven’t seen dad for ages(2) my mom’s been pretty sick(3) don’t exaggerate(4) Never thought I was good enough for you(5) seriously, mom’s not so bad(6) Why not just have both our parents here for ChristmasV Let’s talk(1) cry (2) relief (3) strong (4) understanding (5) angry (6) left (7) wondering (8) five (9) sad (10) stress (11) friends (12) helps (13) Christmas (14) cousins (15) presents VI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1) divorce her husband (2) irresponsible (3) challenging jobs (4) stability(5) bills (6) poverty line (7) apartment (8) yells at(9) calls him names (10) halfTask 21. B)2. C)3. A)4. D)5. C)Task 3(1) the last word (2) remarriage failures (3) picture(4) eight times (5) wife (6) dating(7) loneliness and anxiety (8) second (9) response to her (10) lukewarm (11) warmed up (12) accepted (13) ripe (14) blended into (15) right Viewing and speaking1. (1) Lovely (2) similar (3) room(4) apologize (5) children (6) patience(7) listen (8) angry (9) medicine(10) fantastic新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 5 Here are the seasons to enjoy.I Lead-in1. 8 1 7 36 4 5 2II Basic listening practice1. C)2. A)3. B)4. C)5. C)III Listening inTask 11. D)2. C)3. D)4. A)5. B)Task 21. T2. F3. T4. F5. TTask 3(1) buy (2) office wear (3) likes(4) cats (5) pet (6) time(7) special dish (8) little party (9) little trip(10) countrysideIV Speaking outModel 1(1) We have goose and ham for Christmas dinner(2) we eat leftovers for days(3) he’ll refuse a huge dinner and stick to a healthy meal(4) We heap up our presents under the tree(5) Your family prolongs the celebration for three days(6) Isn’t that what the true spirit if Christmas is supposed to beModel 2(1) spend the holiday with her mother and brother(2) They were happy just to have survived their first harsh winter(3) that’s good reason to celebrate(4) symbolize a family reunion(5) to be together and share a huge dinner(6) Just thinking about all that food makes my mouth waterModel 3(1) Are you OK?(2) People in funny costumes and masks everywhere(3) dressing like witches and ghosts(4) A crowd of children followed me, shouting(5) They were hoping you’d give them candy(6) it’s a funny kind of holidayV Let’s talk(1) - e (2) - b (3) - g (4) - d(5) - h (6) - a (7) - f (8) - cVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 11. A)2. D)3. C)4. B)5. C)Task 2(S1) celebration(S2) popular(S3) American(S4) died(S5) remarrying(S6) daughter(S7) 1900s(S8) the tradition was born, on the third Sunday every June, close to the anniversary of Sonora’s father’s death(S9) The card probably has a nice message on it saying what a great dad their father is (S10) British people might give their dad a bit of a rest-make him a cup of tea, or evenwash his car and mow the lawnTask 31.He thought that if men were not married, they would not mind joining the army.So he passed a law to forbid any more marriages.2.He kept on performing marriage ceremonies, secretly.3.They came to the jail to visit him. They threw flowers and notes up to his window.4.She was one of those young people and the daughter of the prison guard.5.Before he was killed, Valentine left the girl a little note thanking her for herfriendship and loyalty. He signed, “Love from your Valentine.” That note started the custom.Viewing and speaking1. (1) fun (2) headache (3) 150(4) two million (5) feeling (6) atmosphere(7) traditional-looking (8) lights (9) regulations(10) family (11) translates (12) children(14) different (15) spreads新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 6 Here are tips for finding a job.II Basic listening practice1. C)2. D)3. A)4. C)5. B)III Listening inTask 11. T2. F3. T4. T5. F6.T7. T Task 21. B)2. C)3. C)4. A)5. D)Task 31. C)2. A)3. A)4. C)5. B)IV Speaking outModel 1(1) Did you go to the job fairs(2) I can’t find anything interesting that I’m qualified for(3) You can use a search engine to find a job site related to your field(4) I just saw a job opening(5) submit my resume by e-mail(6) have you updated your resumeModel 2(1) be sure to maintain good eye contact(2) Don’t look too shy, nor should you sound too aggressive(3) Many companies don’t want a completely green hand(4) I gained some experience at an IT company(5) ability for teamwork is usually valued(6) Should I ask about salary and fringe benefitsModel 3(1) our best bet is to recruit from the competition(2) We also don’t believe that a rigid management system will work wonders(3) that philosophy will help you attract many worthwhile people(4) he’ll help us start a recruitment drive(5) A number of firms have been downsizing(6) can David help us pin them downV Let’s talk1. (1) 900 (2) customer calls (3) 70(4) human resources (5) supported (6) customer-facing (7) place (8) two (9) right people (10) realistic (11) friends (12) helps(13) Christmas (14) cousins (15) presents2. 3 2 1 4VI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1) coast (2) impressed (3) shipping company (3) cargo (4) communication skills (6) essential(7) asset (8) team spirit (9) her age(10) her parentsTask 21. F2. T3. T4. F5. TTask 31. C)2. C)3. B)4. A)5. D)Viewing and speaking1. (1) selection (2) pressure (3) marketing(4) interview (5) business (6) nervous(7) laugh (8) redundant (9) difficult(10) sacking新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 7 Why don’t we start a business of our own?II Basic listening practice1. B)2. C)3. A)4. B)5. C)III Listening inTask 1(1) reception (2) new connections (3) distributed(4) green hand (5) business cards (6) talk business(7) card (8) follow up (9) more ground(10) piece of cakeTask 21. C)2. B)3. B)4. A)5. D)Task 3(1) technology-oriented (2) higher (3) returns (4) options (5) Venture capital (6) cash (7) founders (8) business ideas (9) potential (10) intellectual property protection (11) 100 percent (12) creators (13) stockIV Speaking outModel 1(1) you already know this company inside out(2) You have just barely enough funds to cover your day-to-day operational expenses(3) my best bet is to secure a small business loan(4) They help underwrite loans for small business(5) I can still qualify for a loan(6) cover our overheadModel 2(1) I’ve been searching for a loan(2) the company has been experiencing serious financial difficulties(3) we’ve been operating in the red(4) the best course of action is to file for bankruptcy(5) we’ll have to face even stiffer competition(6) they are interested in acquiring our companyModel 3(1) we’ve been looking for a merger partner(2) Are you sure your operation has much to bring to the table(3) Definitely(4) we’ve already received a few attractive bids(5) keep our shareholders’ interests in mind(6) It’s reasonable to keep your employee s’ welfare in mindV Let’s talk(1) rapid growth (2) shock(3) large (4) shot up(5) hard (6) opportunities(7) different (8) stable(9) money (10) ownVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 11. D)2. C)3. C)4. A)5. C)Task 21. F2. T3. F4. F5. TTask 31. C)2. B)3. D)4. C)5. A)Viewing and speaking1. The items in favor of the idea that “Cadbury should be sold for more money” are 1),2), 4), 6), 7), 8).新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 8 Here is a darker side of a society.II Basic listening practice1. C)2. C)3. B)4. A)5. D)III Listening inTask 11. B)2. A)3. C)4. C)5. D)Task 21. C)2. D)3. C)4. B)5. C)Task 3(1) 49 (2) first birthday(3) health care systems (4) reduce(5) expenses (6) increasing(7) lower (8) faster(9) education (10) reduce poverty(11) more opportunities (12) live better(13) social ladderIV Speaking outModel 1(1) abuse of the elderly(2) people live longer now(3) try to save money on food and care(4) is a national epidemic(5) care was substandard(6) in cases of abuseModel 2(1) she tells women the dangers of drinking(2) I can’t imagine someone as pretty as she is to be a drunk(3) there are alcoholics all over the world(4) who lack the willpower to stop(5) It’s a disease that strikes(6) alcohol helped her to relaxModel 3(1) Why do you look so depressed(2) you’ve been hooked(3) Apparently it’s just like being addicted to drugs or alcohol(4) It takes over your life(5) he’s a compulsive gambler(6) Tough but worth itV Let’s talk(1) easier (2) loneliness(3) passed away (4) brain(5) health problems (6) younger(7) doctor (8) assumption(9) history (10) attitudesVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 11. B)2. A)3. C)4. B)5. C)Task 21.She thinks many of the big spenders on lottery tickets are poor; they spend moneythey can’t afford to spend2.He just buys lottery tickets for him. He thinks if he won a huge amount, it wouldbe exciting.3.They buy lottery tickets out of desperation. Also the thrill of a win, of somethingfor nothing, is addictive.4.Casinos are opening everywhere, many people go on gambling on holidays, andone can even take a gambling cruise.5.It will be helpful for habitual gamblers only when they want to be curedthemselves.Task 31. C)2. D)3. A)4. B)5. A)Viewing and speaking1. (1) condition (2) dignity (3) fire(4) further (5) distinction (6) status(7) prosperity (8) fate (9) Answering(10) mission新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 9 What mode of travel do you prefer?I Lead-in1) plane 2) bike 3) truck / lorry 4) ship5) bus 6) motorcycle 7) subway / undergroundII Basic listening practice1. C)2. B)3. C)4. D)5. A)III Listening inTask 1(1) security checks (2) searched (3) fear(4) carry-ons (5) checking (6) greater(7) seized (8) digital camera (9) take pictures(10) bags (11) on his way (12) strangeTask 21. A)2. C)3. C)4. D)5. D)Task 31. A)2. B)3. D)4. D)5. A)IV Speaking outModel 1(1) I’d like to book hotel and airline reservations(2) what’s your destination(3) I’m headed for(4) Will that be a one-way or a round-trip ticket(5) Return(6) Will you be flying first class or business classModel 2(1) How did it go? Everything smooth sailing(2) It took me quite a while to find the United Airlines check-in counter(3) it was displayed on the monitor(4) there was a terrible line-up(5) I can stretch my legs and occasionally stand up in the aisle.(6) and it said that my flight would be boarding at Gate 33Model 3(1) You look like something the cat dragged in(2) You would too if you’d been through what I have(3) See my eyes? They’re all bloodshot(4) How long does this jet lag last(5) I would whether a long flight like that is worth the high cost(6) reset my biological clock after a flightV Let’s talk1. 1) (1)close (2) 12.9 million (3) dreamed2) (1) exhausted (2) cup of tea3) (1) abandon (2) set down (3) low4) (1) Pole (2) fly over5) (1) on (2) fast asleepVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 1(1) a couple of hours (2) less than an hour (3) fare(4) regular passengers (5) convenient (6) the same day(7) conditions of aircraft (8) accidents (9) large quantities of cargo (10) far awayTask 21. D)2. C)3. D)4. A)5. B)Task 31. (1) best (2) none of them2. (1) land (2) wings3. (1) small children (2) before4. smoothly5. (1) distributed evenly (2) clean itViewing and speaking1. (1) landing (2) followed (3) headed (4) present (5) succeeded (6) arrested (7) publish (8) attention (9) happened (10) cheering (11) charge (12) dropped (13) humorous (14) missed (15) get back新视野大学英语视听说教程第二版3（参考答案）Unit 10 With a failing memory, you meet a lot of new people.I Lead-in1. T2. T3. T4. F5. T6. T7. F8. T9. T 10. TII Basic listening practice1. C)2. D)3. A)4. B)5. C)III Listening inTask 11. B)2. C)3. D)4. C)5. A)Task 21. T2. F3. F4. T5. FTask 3(1) brain (2) nerve connections (3) musical instrument (4) your brain (5) blood circulation (6) vegetables(7) Protect and support (8) healthy (9) sugar(10) memory loss (11) never functions (12) tobacco(13) Improve (14) remembering (15) temporaryIV Speaking outModel 1(1) Do you have anything in mind(2) Remember I asked the chef for the recipe(3) did you forget that Linda doesn’t eat chicken(4) It just slipped my mind(5) everyone forgets something sometimes(6) I’m getting forgetfulModel 2(1) Do you know what Jack’s home phone number is(2) I can’t think of it off the top of my head(3) why don’t you call Jane(4) They usually don’t release private information over the phone(5) have a powerful memory(6) I do have a good memory for faces and names, but a poor one for numbers anddatesModel 3(1) where was I(2) You were talking about your tour in London(3) I can’t remember any more(4) What’s wrong with your memory(5) I don’t want to forget my own name(6) it’s just temporary forgetfulnessV Let’s talk(1) memory power (2) test (3) new(4) saw (5) verdict (6) seconds(7) memories (8) endure (9) volunteers(10) staring (11) 10,000 (12) slide show(13) 70 percent (14) lose (15) whereVI Furthering listening and speakingListeningTask 11. A)2. B)3. D)4. D)5. C)Task 2(1) excellent marks (2) principles (3) picture(4) Association (5) familiar with (6) Consolidation(7) already learned (8) 16 (9) Distributed Practice (10) shorter (11) muscle (12) exerciseTask 31.Maybe we can’t remember the name.2.We can repeat the name back to the person to help us store the name in our“memory bank”.3.We can repeat the name. In addition, we can visualize something different,unusual, or ridiculous about the person’s appearance, position, or action that ties in with his or her name.4.The descriptive information on one side of the card and the name on the otherside.5.We can look at it repeatedly, seeing the “picture” in our mind’s eye as we look atthe name; or when we see the name, visualize the “picture” we have assigned to the name.Viewing and speaking1. (1) intelligent (2) paintings(3) shown (4) cover(5) including (6) local(7) atmosphere (8) unique(9) painter (10) mouth。
浙江省温州2023-2024学年高三上学期跨年考英语试题含解析
温州2023学年英语跨年考（答案在最后）高三英语试卷(2023.12.31)本试卷分第一卷(选择题)、第二卷(非选择题)，满分150分，考试时间为120分钟。
所有题目的答案都必须写在答题卷上。
第I卷注意事项：1.答第Ⅰ卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。
不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。
第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the speakers’destination?A.The park.B.The beach.C.The hotel.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此为听力题，解析略2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is Nancy’s plan for Christmas?A.To have dinner at home.B.To do volunteer work.C.To visit some friends.【答案】B【解析】【原文】此为听力题，解析略3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is wrong with the man’s watch?A.It’s fast.B.It’s stopped.C.It’s slow.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此为听力题，解析略4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】Where is the bookstore now?A.On Lear Road.B.On Nelson Street.C.On Huntington Road.【答案】C【解析】【原文】此为听力题，解析略5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What is the man going to do?A.Do some shopping.B.Give the woman a ride.C.Make breakfast.【答案】A【解析】【原文】此为听力题，解析略第二节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)听下面5段对话或独白。
小学三年级下册第10次英语第一单元期中试卷(答案和解释)
小学三年级下册英语第一单元期中试卷(答案和解释)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.I __________ (be) a student in Class 5. Every day, I __________ (go) to school with my friends. We __________ (study) many subjects, like math, English, and science. After school, I __________ (like) to play basketball. My best friend, Tim, __________ (join) me sometimes.2.Which of these is a part of your body?A. LegB. TableC. SpoonD. Hat3.What color is a banana when it is ripe?A. GreenB. YellowC. RedD. Blue4.Which of these is a fruit?A. AppleB. OnionC. CarrotD. Broccoli5.Which of these is a season?A. MondayB. WinterC. AugustD. December6.Which of these animals can fly?A. BirdB. DogC. FishD. Cow7.Which of these is a fruit?A. CarrotB. PotatoC. AppleD. Cucumber8.Which one is used to eat salad?A. ForkB. SpoonC. KnifeD. Plate9.I _______ (not/like) doing my homework on weekends, but I always _______ (do) it because I _______ (want) to get good grades.st summer, we __________ (go) to a farm to see how vegetables __________ (grow). We __________ (learn) that it __________ (take) a lot of work to grow food. We __________ (pick) tomatoes and __________ (help) plant some new seeds. After that, we __________ (have) a picnic on the farm. It __________ (be) a great experience, and we __________ (decide) to visit the farm again next year.11.Sarah and her brother are in the garden. They are planting some __________. Sarah is digging a hole with a __________, while her brother places the __________ in the ground. After they finish planting, they water the flowers with a __________.12.I ______ (dream) of becoming a scientist when I ______ (grow) up. Every day, I______ (read) books about science and ______ (watch) interesting experiments on TV. I also ______ (study) hard in school so that I ______ (get) good grades. I ______ (hope) that one day, I ______ (work) in a laboratory and ______ (discover) something amazing.13.Which of these animals can live both on land and in water?A. TigerB. FishC. FrogD. Lion14.This morning, I helped my mom clean the ______. First, I dusted the ______ and then I mopped the ______. My younger brother helped by putting away the ______. After we finished cleaning, we sat down and had some ______ for lunch.15.We ______ (take) a bus to school every morning. Yesterday, we ______ (miss) the bus, so we ______ (walk) to school instead. It ______ (take) us longer, but we ______ (arrive) on time.16.I have a collection of postcards. I collect them from different countries. My uncle sends me postcards from the places he visits. I keep them in a special box.17.Which of these is a color?A. RedB. TableC. CarD. Plate18.Which of these is used to drink?A. KnifeB. SpoonC. CupD. Plate19.What is the opposite of "fast"?A. SlowB. TallC. ShortD. Heavy20.What do we use to write on a blackboard?A. ChalkB. PencilC. PenD. Marker21.What do you use to brush your hair?A. ToothbrushB. HairbrushC. SpoonD. Fork22.I _______ (be) at the park when it started raining. I ran to the nearest shelter to stay dry.23.What is the capital of China?A. BeijingB. ShanghaiC. GuangzhouD. Shenzhen24.My sister ______ (study) at the university. She ______ (go) to class every day and ______ (take) notes during lectures. She ______ (want) to become a doctor one day.25.What is the opposite of "short"?A. TallB. SmallC. BigD. Heavy26.Sarah is going to the store with her mom. They need to buy some __________ for dinner. Sarah puts some __________, __________, and __________ in their shopping cart. After shopping, they go to the __________ to pay for everything. Sarah is__________ because they are having her favorite dish for dinner.27.I __________ (1) a new pencil case today. It __________ (2) red with blue stripes. Inside, there __________ (3) many pens and pencils. My brother __________ (4) a yellow pencil case, and my friend __________ (5) a green one. We __________ (6) to use them for school tomorrow.28.Which animal is known as the "King of the Jungle"?A. TigerB. ElephantC. LionD. Bear29.I usually ______ (go) to school by bus. It ______ (take) about 20 minutes to get there. When I ______ (arrive) at school, I ______ (meet) my friends in front of the gate. We ______ (talk) about our homework and the fun things we ______ (do) over the weekend. My first class ______ (start) at 8:00 AM, and we ______ (study) math for an hour. After math, we ______ (have) a break, and I ______ (eat) my snack. I ______ (like) school because I ______ (learn) many new things.30.What is the opposite of "big"?A. SmallB. LargeC. TallD. Heavyst summer, we __________ (1) a trip to the beach. The weather __________ (2) sunny, and we __________ (3) a lot of fun swimming and playing in the sand. I__________ (4) to build a big sandcastle, and my sister __________ (5) to collect seashells.32.Tom is at the library. He is looking for a book about __________ (1). He finds a book with a picture of a __________ (2) on the cover. Tom checks the __________ (3) to see if it is available.33.We ___ to the park yesterday.A. GoB. WentC. GoingD. Goes34.What do we drink?A. BreadB. MilkC. ChairD. Bed35.Today, we had a special lesson about the __. Our teacher explained how the sun, moon, and Earth are all connected. We also learned about the __ that occur when the moon blocks the sunlight. After class, we made models of the __ using paper and markers. It was a fun and interesting lesson!36.We went to the zoo yesterday. I saw a huge __ with a long neck. It was eating leaves from the __. Next, I saw a __ that was swinging from tree to tree. Then, we saw a __ swimming in the pond. The zoo was a fun place to visit, and I learned a lot about different __.37.What time is it when the clock shows 3:00?A. 3 oclockB. 12 oclockC. 6 oclockD. 9 oclock38.What is the time now if the clock shows 7:00?A. It’s midnight.B. It’s morning.C. It’s evening.D. It’s afternoon.39.Which of these is a color?A. DogB. TableC. RedD. Car40.What is your favorite __?A. colorB. colorsC. coloringsD. colorful41.David and his friends are at the __________, playing basketball. David is the__________ for his team. He dribbles the ball across the court and tries to __________ it into the hoop. After several attempts, David finally makes a __________, and his team wins the game. Everyone feels __________ because they had fun playing together.42.Which one is a color?A. ElephantB. GreenC. ChairD. Table43.Where is your book? Its ______ the table.A. onB. inC. atD. underst weekend, we __________ (have) a family party. My uncle __________ (bring)a big cake, and my aunt __________ (make) a delicious fruit salad. We __________ (play) board games and __________ (listen) to music. Everyone __________ (enjoy) the party very much.45.What is the color of a banana?A. RedB. GreenC. YellowD. Purple46.Which one is a drink?A. BreadB. WaterC. ChairD. Car47.What do we wear on our head?A. ShoesB. ShirtC. HatD. Gloves48.Which sentence is correct?A. I will go to the park in Monday.B. I will go to the park on Monday.C. I will go to the park at Monday.D. I will go to the park for Monday.49.I ______ (not/like) the food at the restaurant yesterday. It ______ (be) too salty, andI ______ (not/enjoy) it.50.What is your name?A. My name is Tom.B. I am 10 years olD.C. I am in Class 2.D. I like apples. (答案及解释)。
视听说大学英语教材答案
视听说大学英语教材答案Unit 1ListeningSection A1. A) Their major.2. B) They find it quite challenging.3. C) To select an elective course.4. B) Visit different campus clubs.5. A) Take the photographs.Section B6. C) More cultural activities.7. B) Students will have more options.8. A) It is essential to master a foreign language.9. A) Discover various aspects of the world.10. C) A group discussion.ReadingSection A11. D) It is the largest city in Iraq.12. C) The ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia.13. B) It was an important center for learning.14. A) The modern attractions of Baghdad.15. D) It is a war-torn city.Section B16. B) As productive members of society.17. D) They have a strong sense of community.18. A) The importance of cultural heritage.19. C) Enjoy the benefits of multiculturalism.20. B) An inclusive society that values diversity.Speaking21. on campus22. attending lectures23. studying with classmates24. researching in the library25. participating in extracurricular activitiesWritingPart 126. When I first got admitted to this university, I was impressed by its diverse range of club activities. The campus offers a wide variety of clubs and organizations where students can explore their interests and make newfriends. These clubs cover a broad spectrum of interests, from sports and music to academic and cultural pursuits.Part 227. My friend Sarah and I joined the photography club together and it has been an incredible experience. We have access to professional-level equipment and learn different techniques to improve our photography skills. The club also organizes regular outings to interesting locations, allowing us to capture diverse subjects and enhance our creative abilities.28. In addition to the photography club, I also joined the international student association. This association aims to promote cultural exchange and understanding among students from different countries. We organize events such as food festivals, traditional performances, and language exchange programs. Through these activities, I have made friends from various cultural backgrounds and gained a deeper appreciation for different customs and traditions.29. Apart from club activities, I have also taken part in volunteer work. There are several community service organizations on campus that provide opportunities for students to contribute to society. I have volunteered at a local orphanage, helping with tutoring and organizing recreational activities for the children. It has been incredibly rewarding to see the positive impact we can make in the lives of others.30. Overall, being involved in club activities and volunteer work has enriched my university experience. Not only have I learned new skills and developed friendships, but I have also grown as a person. I am grateful forthe opportunities this university provides to engage in extracurricular activities and make a difference in the community.Unit 2ListeningSection A1. C) It is a form of terrorism.2. A) He was coached by his father.3. B) It was a peaceful protest.4. A) To investigate corruption.5. C) By staging a sit-in protest.Section B6. C) It denies marginalized communities their rights.7. A) Supporting a local charity.8. D) A sustainable and fair society.9. B) Address the humanitarian crisis.10. A) By organizing fundraising events.ReadingSection A11. D) To address public concerns about water quality.12. C) Increasing population and urbanization.13. B) Ensure the long-term sustainability of water resources.14. A) Integrated water management.15. D) Political and institutional barriers.Section B16. B) To combat climate change.17. D) It reduces air and water pollution.18. C) The use of renewable energy sources.19. A) Energy-efficient buildings.20. B) Encouraging sustainable transportation.Speaking21. environmental pollution22. renewable energy sources23. plastic waste reduction24. wildlife conservation25. sustainable agricultureWritingPart 126. The issue of climate change is becoming increasingly urgent, and it is crucial for individuals and governments to take immediate action to mitigate its effects. One of the key solutions to combat climate change is the adoption of renewable energy sources. This transition from fossil fuels to clean and sustainable energy is essential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and curb global warming.Part 227. In order to promote the use of renewable energy sources, educational institutions can play a vital role. Universities can incorporate courses and research programs focused on renewable energy technologies. These programs can equip students with the knowledge and skills to develop innovative solutions for a sustainable future. Additionally, universities can invest in renewable energy infrastructure on campus, such as solar panels and wind turbines, to showcase the feasibility and benefits of clean energy.28. Beyond educational institutions, governments should provide incentives for businesses and households to switch to renewable energy sources. This can include tax benefits, subsidies, and grants to encourage investment in renewable technologies. Governments should also implement policies that promote the integration of renewable energy into the national energy grid, ensuring a smooth transition to a sustainable energy system.29. Furthermore, raising awareness among the general public about the benefits of renewable energy is essential. Governments and organizations can launch public campaigns to educate the public about the environmental and economic advantages of clean energy. This can include organizingworkshops, seminars, and public events to highlight successful renewable energy projects and inspire individuals to take action.30. In conclusion, the widespread adoption of renewable energy sources is crucial to combat climate change. Through a combination of educational initiatives, supportive government policies, and public awareness campaigns, we can accelerate the transition to a sustainable and environmentally friendly future. It is our collective responsibility to embrace renewable energy and ensure a livable planet for future generations.。
FinalExamS
Final Examination DescriptionsExam Date: July 3, 2015Duration: 90 minutesSections:I.Define the following terms. Give examples to illustrate your answers. (15%) (每题3分, 共15分)e.g.1. morphemePlease refer to Appendix A for more information about this section.II.Identify the word-formation process involved in the creation of each of the underlined words below. Write your answer on the line provided. (10%) (每题1分，共10分)e.g.1. bitter, sw eet → bittersweet________(Based on Lectures 5, 6 and 7.)III.Fill in the blanks with words formed from the given stems. (15%) (每题1分，共15分)e.g.1. The local people were actually __________; they often spoke three, four, five languages.(lingual)(Based on Lectures 5, 6 and 8.)IV. Provide the meaning and an example word for each of the following roots below. (30%)(每题1.5分, 共30分)Please refer to Appendix B for more information about this section.V. For each sentence or sentence pair below, classify the meaning relation between the two words marked in bold into one of the following types of relation: homonymy, synonymy, antonymy, hyponymy, meronymy, portion-mass, or member-collection. (10%) (每题1分，共10分）e.g.1. It was a remark made in private, not in public.(Based on Lectures 12, 13 and 14.)VI. Each sentence below contains an incomplete collocation. Complete the collocation by filling in the blank with a suitable word from the words provided in the box. Use the words in their proper forms. Each word can only be used once. (20%) (每题1分，共20分）e.g.1.The Titanic sank on her __________ voyage.(Based on Lectures 14 and 15)Appendix ADefine the following terms. (You may want to use examples from the respective lectures or come up with your own examples to support your answer.)1.morphemeA morpheme is the smallest unit of language that has its own meaning, either a word or a part of a word. Inother words, it is a meaningful form that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. (Lecture 4)2.morphologyMorphology is the study of the internal structure of words. In particular, it is the study of morphemes and their arrangements in forming words. (Lecture 4)3.free morphemeA free morpheme is a morpheme that can occur alone as an independent word. (Lecture 4)4.bound morphemeA bound morpheme is a morpheme that cannot occur as an independent word on its own but must becombined with other morphemes to form words. (Lecture 4)5.rootThe root of a word is the morpheme that conveys the main meaning of the word. (Lecture 4)6.affixAn affix is a bound morpheme added to the beginning (prefix) or end (suffix) of a stem. (Lecture 4)poundingCompounding is a word-formation process where two or more independent words are combined to form a new word. (Lecture 6)8.conversionConversion is a word-formation process by which a word of one part of speech is converted to another part of speech without any change of form, either in pronunciation or spelling. (Lecture 7)9.homonymyHomonymy refers to the relation between two words that are spelled or pronounced the same but differ in meaning. (Lecture 12)10.hyponymyHyponymy refers to the hierarchical relation that holds between a word with a more general meaning and a word with a more specific meaning. (Lecture 13)Appendix B。
学术英语(理工)详解答案_Unit 4
1 辐射自然存在于我们的环境当中,一般人每秒钟都遭受着来 自自然资源中15，000个粒子的辐射，而一次普通的医疗 X光检查则带有1，000亿个粒子的辐射。 2 这些材料主要通过发电厂常规运行时的少量释放物，核电 站事故和放射性材料运输事故、以及放射性废料从隔离系 统中泄漏而与人体发生接触的。 3 在利用现有技术预防遗传性疾病方面还有很多事可以做； 如果利用核工业纳税款的1%来进一步实施这项技术，那 么每一种由核工业造成的疾病中有80例遗传疾病都将得到 防止。
4 高剂量的辐射会摧毁身体机能并在60天内导致死亡，但这 种“明显的”死亡仅仅在2%的核反应堆熔毁事故中能够 被预料到，在0.2%的熔毁事故中会超过100天，而在 1/100,000的熔毁事故中会超过3，500天。 5 对于氡效应的全面估计是一家运行了一年的核电站最终将 避免几百人死亡，而一个同等的煤电厂将最终导致30人死 亡。
Unit 4 Writing a Literature Review
1 Writing a literature Review
Additional questions for your understanding of Text 11
1 By how many particles of radiation from natural sources has a typical person been struck every second? A typical person is, and always has been struck by 15,000 particles of radiation every second from natural sources.
这是因为大部分的伽玛射线和x光射线无需通过与身体的组织发生作用就原子水平而言身体基本上是中空的空间而直接穿透身体而无法穿透组织的射线和射线则会通过与身体原子的碰撞使其能量得以扩展并且有可能导致更多的损坏
广东省汕头市潮阳区2023-2024学年高一上学期期末考试 英语含答案
潮阳区2023-2024学年度第一学期高一级教学质量监测试卷英语（答案在最后）本试卷共五部分，共8页，满分130分。
考试时间120分钟。
注意事项：1.答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、学校、班级、考生号填在答题卡上。
2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑，如需要改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案。
答案不能答在试卷上。
3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡上各题目指定区域内相应的位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔或涂改液，不按以上要求作答无效。
第一部分单项选择题（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）1．—Don’t argue with me any longer._______.I will pick you up at8:00tomorrow morning.—OK.What should I take for the picnic?A.It’s not the caseB.That’s settledC.It dependsD.Mind your own business 2．—I’m sorry that I spilt some coffee on your table cloth just now.—_______.I will wash it tonight.A.No kiddingB.Forget itC.You’re welcomeD.I’m afraid not 3．—It is not going to rain,________?—_______.It’s a good day for picnic.A.is it;Yes,it isB.isn’t it;Yes,it isC.is it;No,it isn’tD.isn’t it;No,it isn’t 4．—Giles,I have difficulty pronouncing these new words well.Could you help me?—________.You can come around with your English textbook tomorrow.A.With pleasureB.Don’t botherC.It dependsD.Good luck 5．—How often do you eat out?—________,but usually once a week.A.I have no ideaB.Sounds goodC.As usualD.It depends第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节四篇阅读（共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
三年(2022-2024)高考英语真题分类汇编：专题13 阅读理解七选五-(原卷版)
B. So, should we stop traveling?
C. Travel for you and no one else.
D. Can overtourism be avoided then?
E. You can still find relatively undiscovered places.
F. You’ll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it.
G. Consider giving back to the communities you’re visiting.
3.（2024年浙江卷1月）In the past few years, online learning has become a significant part of the university and college experience.___16___But are all online courses created equal? How can you be sure that digital learning is right for you?___17___
E. Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.
F. That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.
G. Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.
A. I don't often use this dictionary.
小学六年级上册第十次英语第六单元期中试卷(答案和解释)
小学六年级上册英语第六单元期中试卷(答案和解释)英语试题一、综合题(本题有50小题，每小题2分，共100分.每小题不选、错误，均不给分)1.Lucy and her family are going camping this weekend. They will __________ (1) a tent and set it up in the __________ (2). Afterward, they will go on a __________ (3) to see the animals and enjoy the fresh air. In the evening, they will sit by the __________ (4) and make __________ (5).2.Which one is an animal?A. AppleB. CarC. DogD. Book3.Which of these is a geometric shape?A. SquareB. SpoonC. PlateD. Chair4.Which one is a fruit?A. AppleB. DogC. TableD. Chair5.I _______ to the park last Sunday.A. goesB. wentC. goingD. go6.What do we use to play music?A. PianoB. PenC. CupD. Shoe7.Which one is a part of the day?A. MorningB. OctoberC. CarD. Blue8.My sister ______ (study) at the university. She ______ (go) to class every day and______ (take) notes during lectures. She ______ (want) to become a doctor one day.9.Which fruit is yellow and can be peeled?A. AppleB. BananaC. OrangeD. Strawberry10.Every Saturday, my family and I __________ (1) to the market. We __________ (2) vegetables, fruits, and bread. After shopping, we __________ (3) to a café and__________ (4) some hot chocolate.11.This afternoon, I __________ (play) basketball with my friends. We __________ (have) a lot of fun! I __________ (score) three goals, and my friend __________ (score) two. After the game, we __________ (drink) some water.12.I’m learning how to cook. Last week, I made my first cake. It was chocolateflavored, and it tasted delicious. My mother helped me, but I did most of the work myself. I plan to learn how to make pizza next time. I think cooking is fun and useful.13.Which animal is known for its loud roar?A. TigerB. ElephantC. LionD. Giraffe14.Lucy is making a __________. She mixes some flour, eggs, and sugar in a big__________. Then she adds some __________ and mixes everything together. After that, she pours the dough into a __________ and places it in the oven. The smell of the cake fills the kitchen, and soon it is ready. Lucy is very happy with her __________.15.Which one is a piece of furniture?A. TableB. DogC. CarD. Chair16.My brother __________ (not/like) doing his homework. Every time he __________ (have) homework, he __________ (complain) about it. However, last night, he__________ (finish) it quickly. I __________ (think) he __________ (realize) that it__________ (be) important.17.I love playing __. It is a fun game where you try to hit the ball into a net. I usually play with my friends after school, and we have a great time. Sometimes, we join a team and play in a tournament. My dream is to become a professional player one day.18.The teacher ______ (ask) us to bring our books to class. I ______ (forget) to bring mine, so I ______ (borrow) a book from my friend. We ______ (read) the story together in class.19.What is the opposite of "high"?A. LowB. SmallC. FastD. Heavy20.What do we use to clean the floor?A. BroomB. PlateC. SpoonD. Knife21.What is the opposite of "big"?A. SmallB. TallC. HotD. Fast22.Which of these is a body part?A. ChairB. LegC. PlateD. Spoon23.I ______ (read) a good book yesterday. It ______ (be) about a detective. After reading, I ______ (tell) my friend about the story.24.Which of these is used to clean?A. BroomB. PenC. PlateD. Fork25.My grandparents __________ (live) in the countryside. They __________ (have) a big house with a garden. Every summer, we __________ (visit) them and __________ (help) with the garden. We __________ (pick) apples and __________ (plant) flowers.26.Which of these is a transport vehicle?A. BusB. ChairC. TableD. Bed27.My parents __________ (not/allow) me to stay up late on weekdays. I __________ (go) to bed at 9:00 PM every night. However, on weekends, I __________ (stay) up a little longer.28.Which one is a holiday?A. MondayB. ChristmasC. SummerD. January29.Which one is a vegetable?A. TomatoB. AppleC. CarrotD. Banana30.Every Sunday, I _______ (help) my mom with house chores. Yesterday, we_______ (clean) the kitchen and _______ (wash) the dishes. After that, I _______ (vacuum) the living room while my mom _______ (organize) the bookshelves. In the afternoon, we _______ (watch) a movie together. It _______ (be) a relaxing day.31.Where is the cat?A. On the tableB. In the carC. Under the treeD. All of the above32.In the morning, I always wake up at __ o’clock. I get out of bed, brush my __, and then have __ for breakfast. After breakfast, I put on my __ and go to school. At school, we study __ and do some fun activities.33.Which of these is used to make a call?A. PenB. PhoneC. KnifeD. Spoon34.Which one is the largest animal on Earth?A. ElephantB. WhaleC. GiraffeD. Lion35.Which of these is a musical instrument?A. GuitarB. ChairC. PlateD. Table36.How many months are there in a year?A. 12B. 13C. 14D. 1537.What do you call a baby dog?A. KittenB. CubC. PuppyD. Lamb38.Which of these is a pet animal?A. TigerB. DogC. ElephantD. Bear39.Every summer, we __________ (travel) to the beach. Last summer, we __________ (stay) at a small hotel near the sea. Every morning, we __________ (swim) in the ocean. In the afternoon, we __________ (build) sandcastles on the shore. We __________ (have)a wonderful time there.40.Today, we are learning about different animals in ______ class. We talked about the ______, which lives in the ______. It is a very big animal, and it eats ______. We also learned about the ______, which is very fast and can run long distances. The teacher showed us pictures of many animals like ______, ______, and ______.41.I __________ (1) my homework every afternoon. After I __________ (2) it, I usually __________ (3) some time to read a book. Yesterday, I __________ (4) a story about a robot. It __________ (5) a great story, and I __________ (6) to finish reading it today.42.Which one is a fruit?A. CarrotB. PotatoC. AppleD. Cucumber43.This morning, I __________ (wake) up late because I __________ (stay) up too late last night. I __________ (hurry) to get dressed and __________ (eat) my breakfast quickly. I __________ (miss) the bus, so I __________ (run) to school. When I__________ (arrive), the bell __________ (ring), and I __________ (be) just in time for class.44.I ______ (like) to play video games in my free time, but I ______ (know) that I need to study more. My parents ______ (encourage) me to read books, and I ______ (try)to read one chapter every night. I ______ (also) enjoy playing soccer with my friends on weekends.45.What do we use to write on a blackboard?A. PenB. ChalkC. RulerD. Paper46.Which one is used for writing?A. PenB. KnifeC. PlateD. Chair47.Which of these is a pet animal?A. TigerB. LionC. DogD. Elephant48.What is the opposite of "fast"?A. SlowB. BigC. TallD. Heavy49.She _______ (study) English every day because she _______ (want) to improve her language skills.50.Tommy __________ (love) playing soccer. He __________ (play) soccer every weekend with his friends. His team __________ (be) very good, and they __________ (win) most of their matches. Last Saturday, they __________ (play) a very important game, and they __________ (win) again!(答案及解释)。
lesson 13
Unit 3 Employment Correspondence
Lesson 13 Resumes
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Contents
• Section 1 Getting Started • Section 2 Sample Study • Section 3 Composing Your Message • Section 4 Writing Your Message • Section 5 Resume Practice • Section 6 Supplementary Materials
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SEC 6
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LOGO
Section 2
SEC 1
Sample Study
Sample 2 (1)
Liu Xiaoming Huang He Nan Da Jie #532 Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110023 China (86)(024) 8903-8956 xmliu@ Objective: To obtain a position in the human resources department of a major international firm. Experience: Internal Communications Associate, General Motors, Shenyang (July 2005-present) -Research and write articles relevant to employee issues for monthly newsletter -Develop and present cross-cultural workshops
新视角研究生英语答案1
《新视角英语》BookI 练习答案UnitTwoV. V ocabularyA. 1. roaming 2. was hounded 3. preposterous 4. vulgar 5. defects6. vengeance7. exquisite8. gaudy9. maxim 10. status quoB. 1. A 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D6. A7. C8. D9. B 10. DVI. Cloze1. launched2. with3. however4. on5. niaing6. exercise7. varied8. within9. scores 10. average11. quickest 12. received 13. problems 14. along 15. essential16. through 17. perform 18. avoid 19. series 20. dropVIII. TranslationA.1. Although she has ,ggne through numeroms failures, Katherine still believes that she couldmake a world champion of her son:2. This training program is not really a bad experience. But I would have liked it better if thecourses had been a bit more practical.3. You should have known better than to open a suspicious attachment.4. Unfortunately he died from a sudden traffic accident, leaving the experiment half-done.5. Wouldn't it be better if the food market on the street corner could be turned into a garden?6. Much as I am eager to please everyone, I seem never be able to speak out the right thing atthe right time.7. This little gadget makes a good present for the elderly£¬for it can keep accurate track of onesblood pressure.8. Jane is always working so hard to achieve the next thing and she never has time to sit and patherself on the back about the things that she has already done.9. Tom sized up the situation, and decided to downsize his business; which turned out to be awise decision.10. It is not enough :for our university to, resign itself to the status quo;should speed up itsdevelopment, and make itself one of the best universities in ChinaB进取、进取、再进取，这是母亲给我设定的方向。
综合英语
综合英语（3）期末考试试卷及答案09.7ⅠVocabulary and Structure (20 points)1.Ａbig guy stood blocking_ the doorway, so it was impossible for him to get through the door.2.Fork-users have historically been_ in_the minority.3.For centuries, people have been amazed by children of unusual _talent__.4.Over the past twenty years, personal computers have brought _tremendous changes to thehome and workplace.5.In reality_, the chances of winning the lottery are very small.6.Butcher reached for the handgun usually _ kept in the shed, but couldn’t find it.7.It had to be done, otherwise I _ wouldn’t have done _it.8.You _needn’t have done_ all those calculations! We have a computer to do that sort of things.9.If you are hungry, I’ll get a sandwich _sent up for you.10.I was just walking along when all of a sudden I _heard; someone _scream_.1.People have eaten with their fingers for most of human _____.existence2.I ______ meet Richard in the library last week.happened to3.The word laser ____ “light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation”.stands for4._____ watching where I was going, I was busy daydreaming.Instead of5.I am writing to express my __ about a dangerous intersection at Warren Street and Porter Avenue. concern6.I ____ at the same job for fifteen years, and one day I just woke up and said, “Enough!”had been working7.The man would sit on the riverbank while the bear, still ___ to the leash, would go into the water. attached8.I dropped out during the second year. If I ____, I ______ a lot of money eventually.had finished, would have made9.They also recommend ____ a good lawyer and a financial advisor.getting10.With the exception of southwestern Chile, ____ is quite wet, the southwestern part of thecontinent doesn’t get enough rain.11.Ⅱ. Cloze (20 points)Many students find the experience of attending university lectures to be a confusing and frustrating experience. The lecturer speaks for me or two hours, perhaps 11 the talk with slide, writing up important information on the blackboard, distributing reading material and giving out12 . The new students sees the other students continuously writing on notebooks and 13 what to write. Very often the student leaves the lecture with notes which do not catch the main points and 14 become hard even for the student to understand.Most institutions provide courses which assist new students to develop the skills they need to be 15 listeners and note-takers. If these are unavailable, there are many useful study-skills guides which 16 learners to practice these skills independently. In all cases it is important to 17 the problem before actually starting your studies.It is important to 18 that most students have difficulty in acquiring the language skills requiredin college study. One way of 19 these difficulties is to attend the language and study-skills classes which most institutions provide throughout the academic year. Another basic 20 is to find a study partner with whom it is possible to identify difficulties, exchange ideas and provide support.11. illustrating 12. assignments 13 wonders 14 which 15. A effective16 .B enable 17.tackle18.acknowledge19. Overcoming 20. strategy Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension (20 points)According to psychologists, an emotion is aroused when a man or animal views something as either bad or good. When a person feels like running away from something he thinks will hurt him, we call this emotion fear. If the person wants to remove the danger by attacking it, we call the emotion anger. The emotions of joy and love are aroused when we think something can help us. An emotion does not have to be created by something in the outside world. It can be created by a person’s thoughts. Everyone has emotions. Many psychologists believe that infants are born without emotions. They believe children learn emotions just as they learn to read and write. A growing child not only learns his emotions but learns how to act in certain situations because of an emotion. Psychologists think that there are two types of emotion: Positive emotions include love, liking ,joy, delight, and hope. They are aroused by something that appeals to a person. Negative emotions make a person unhappy or dissatisfied. They include anger, fear, despair, sadness, and disgust. During growing up, a person learns to cope with the negative emotions in order to be happy.Emotions may be weak or strong. Some strong emotions are so unpleasant that a person will try any means to escape from them. In order to feel happy, the person may choose unusual ways to avoid the emotion.Strong emotions can make it hard to think and to solve problems. They may prevent a person from learning or paying attention to what he is doing. For example, a student taking an examination may be so worried about failing that he cannot think properly. The worry drains valuable mental energy he needs for the examination.21. We learn from the passage that an emotion is created by something _________.one thinks bad or good22. Which of the following is NOT true?Babies are born with emotions.23 The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to ______.define and classify people’s emotions24. We can safely conclude that a student may fail in an exam if _____.he can not think properly25. As used in the last sentence, the “drains” means ______.weakensQuestions 26 – 30 are based on the following passage.A recent survey has shown that the number of people in the United Kingdom who do not intend to get internet access has risen. These people, who are known as ‘net refusenikes’ , make up 44% of UK households, or 11.2 million people in total.The research also showed that more than 70 percent of these people said that they were not interested in getting connected to the internet. This number has risen from just over 50% in 2005, with most giving lack of computer skills as a reason for not getting internet access, though some also said it was because of the cost.More and more people are getting broadband and high speed net is available almost everywhere in the UK, but there are still a significant number of people who refuse to take the first step.The cost of getting online is going down and internet speeds are increasing, so many see the main challenge to be explaining the relevance of the internet to this group. This would encourage them toget connected before they are left too far behind. The gap between those who have access to and use the internet is the digital divide, and if the gap continues to widen, those without access will get left and miss out on many opportunities, especially in their careers.26.The author develops his point by starting with_____.The number of people who don’t intend to use the Internet is going up.27. The expression “ net refuseniks”(Line 2, Para 1) refers to _______.people who don’t intend to get access to the Internet28.The reasons why people had no interest in getting access to the Internet lies in ____.their lack of computer skills and the cost of using the Internet29. “The gap”(Line 3, Para 4) probably exists between ____.people who have access to and use the Internet and those who don’t30. What will be the potential disadvantage for “net refusenikes”?Both A and B.The fiddler crab is a living clock. It indicates the time of day by the color of its skin, which is dark by day and pale by night. The crab’s changing color 11 a regular twenty-four hour plan that exactly matches the daily rhythm of the sun.Does the crab actually keep time, or does its skin simply 12 to the sun’s rays, changing color according to the amount of light that strikes it? To find the reason out, biologists kept crabs in a dark room 13 two months. Even without daylight the crab’s skin color continued to change 14 on time. This characteristic probably 15 gradually in answer to the daily rising and setting of the sun, to help protect the crab 16 sunlight and enemies. After millions of years it has become completely regulated inside the 17 body of the crab.The biologists 18 that once each day the color of the fiddler crab is especially dark, and that each day this happens fifty minutes later than on the day before. From this 19 discovered that each crab follows not only the rhythm of the sun but also that of the tides. The crab’s period of greatest darkening 20 exactly the time of low tide on the beach where it was caught!11. follows12. answer 13. for14. exactly 15. developed16. from 17.living 18.noticed19. they20. deliversⅢ. Reading Comprehension (20 points)Some people hate everything that is modern. They cannot imagine how anyone can really like modern music; they find it hard to accept the new fashions in clothing; they think that all modern painting is ugly; and they seldom have a good word for the new buildings that are being built everywhere in the world. Such people look for perfection in everything, and they take their standards of perfection from the past. They are usually impatient with anyone who is brave enough to experiment with new ideas or to express himself or the age in any original ways. It is, of course, true that many artists do not succeed in their work and instead produce works that can only be considered as failures. If the work of art is a painting, the artist’s failure concerns himself alone, but if it is a building, his failure concerns others too, because it may damage the beauty of the whole place. This does sometimes happen, but it is completely untrue to say, as some people do, that modern architecture is nothing.We can’t judge every modern building by the standards of the ancient time, even though we admire the ancient buildings. Technologically, the modern buildings are more advanced. The modern architect knows he should learn from the ancient works, but with his greater resources of knowledge and materials, he will never be content to imitate the past. He is too proud to do that.21. Some people hate everything that is modern because _________.they look at things by the standards of the past22. The writer of the passage thinks that______.it is true to say some artists fail in their work23 The writer thinks the failure of a building ______.concern others24. The writer think that _____.we can’t judge all the modern buildings by the ancient standards25. Technologically, the modern buildings are more advanced. The sentence means ______.the modern architects use more advanced technologyQuestions 26 – 30 are based on the following passage.A few years ago I was shopping with a friend and his 12-year-old daughter in downtown San Francisco. A street musician, whom my friend happened to know from his own musician days, was playing the saxophone on a street corner. His name was Clifford, and he had attracted a large crowd with his performance. After he finished, my friend introduced him to me and his daughter. Clifford asked her if she played any instrument. When she replied that she was taking trumpet lessons and played in her junior high school band, he said, “That’s fine, little lady. Learn your instrument well and you can play anything.”Somehow these simple yet wise words struck me as appropriate not only for a trumpet player but also for a reader. If you learn to read well, you can read anything you want – not just newspapers and magazines, but more difficult material like philosophy, file criticism, military history –whatever interests you as your confidence grows. You would not be limited in any way. If you have the vocabulary – or at least a good dictionary near at hand – you can pick up a book, concentrate on it, and make sense of the author’s words.In the United States, reading instruction often ends at elementary school, so students sometimes have difficulty as they progress through school. They must take their assignments armed only with their elementary school reading skills. The result, too often, is frustration and loss of confidence. And the assigned reading in your college courses will be even greater than they were in high school. Developing Reading Skills is designed to accomplish several tasks; to show you the skills that will enable you to read with greater comprehension, to help you cope with reading assignments with confidence, and to teach you to become an active reader.26.The author develops his point by starting with_____.an incident27. Which of the following statements is implied in Paragraph 1?lifford was a good music teacher.28. “ Struck… as appropriate” in Paragraph 2 most probably means ____.seemed to be appropriate29. With good reading skills, you can ____.work out the author’s meaning if only you concentrate on the book30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that Developing Reading Skills_____.aims at helping students read betterⅣ.Translation (15 points)31. After 20 minutes of fighting, Butcher noticed the flash of a headlamp coming up from behind. （二十分钟的鏖战之后，Butcher发现身后有雪橇前灯闪亮。
InstrumentalVariable
A quick review for the previous parts12Recall the assumptions in regression⏹Population model ⏹Assumption A.1-A.5μββ++=x y 10(Linearity)i i i u x y ++=10ββ,0)|(=x uE j i u u E x u Var j i ≠==,0)()|(2σ),0.(..~|2σd i i xu ),0(...~|2σN d i i xu (for hypothesis testing)(A.2) and (A.3) imply (zero conditional mean)xx y E 10)|(ββ+=From A.23Criteria for choosing good (ideal) estimator1.Unbiasedness(无偏)2.Consistency(一致)3.Efficiency (smallest variance)(有效)If the regression model satisfies assumption A.1 to A.4, In the finite sample , the estimators from OLS are BLUE (Gauss-Markov theorem)1.Linear2.Unbiased3.Smallest variance among all the linear unbiased estimators In the large sampleconsistentregression assumptions ⏹Assumption A.3of OLS6Why does omitted variable leads to inconsistent OLS estimators?7Omitted Variable biasOmitted variable problem leads to inconsistent in theestimated parameterSo,0),cov(),cov(),cov(),cov(),cov(21212122211≠=+=+=x x v x x x v x x u x βββSuppose x 1and x 2are correlatedImplies OLS estimators are inconsistent if one estimates (*)(*)For inefficient9Topic 1Instrumental variables estimation (Chapter 15.1-15.3, 15.5 in Wooldridge)10Outline ⏹Endogeneity problem cov(x,u)≠0⏹Instrumental Variable (IV)⏹IV estimation ⏹One endogenous, one instrument ⏹One endogenous, one exogenous and one instrument ⏹More than one instrumental variables ⏹Test for endogeneity ⏹STATA commands11Motivation⏹Ways to handle omitted variables bias⏹Ignore the problem⏹Inconsistent estimators⏹Proxy variable⏹Not always possible to find a good proxy (Chapter 9)⏹Fixed effects or first-differencing for panel data⏹Assume omitted variable does not change over time.Chapter 13-14Instrumental Variable (IV)1213Instrumental Variable (IV)⏹Idea⏹Leaves the unobserved variable in the error term⏹Do not use OLS to estimate the model.14Instrumental Variable (IV)⏹Example⏹Under certain assumption (Chapter 9), proxy variable IQ can be substituted for ability, provided that cov(IQ, ability) ≠0⏹Consistent estimators β0and β1 can beobtained by regressing15Instrumental Variable (IV)⏹If proxy not available, put the abil into the error term⏹If educ and abil are correlated, the estimate of β1by OLS is inconsistent⏹Still want to keep eqn. (15.1) for estimation,what can we do?(15.1)16What Is an Instrumental Variable?Suppose we have one independent variableAssume thatConsider an observable variable zsatisfies two assumptionswant(15.5)(Exogeneity condition)(x is endogenous in the regression)17More on Valid instrument⏹We have to use common sense and economic theory to decide if it makes sense to assume Cov(z,u ) = 0 since u is unobservable.⏹We can test if Cov(z,x ) ≠0 (15.5)⏹Run the following regression So test18Example on InstrumentSuppose(1)(2)e.g. last digit of your student i.d. satifies (1) since it is random, cov(z,u)=0 but it is not correlated with education, cov(z,x)=0 not satisfy (2)So, student i.d. is a poor instrumental variable for educ19Instrumental Variable⏹Less clear cut, sometimes.⏹In labour economics: mother education (z) as IV for child education (x)⏹Mother education correlated with child education. Cov(z,x) ≠0⏹Mother education might be correlated with child ’s ability. Cov(z,u) ≠0⏹Also number of Siblings can also be an IV for education.20Proxy variable vs IV⏹A proxy variable is a poor instrumental variable. (Why?)⏹A proxy variable for abil should be highly correlated with abil.⏹An instrumental variable must be uncorrelated with abil (because abil is contained in the error term). ⏹IQ is a good proxy variable for abil , but not a good instrument for educ .21Instrumental variableAnother exampleSkipped may correlated with some factors in uFor example, more able, highly motivated student might miss fewer classes22Instrumental variable⏹What might be a good IV for skipped ?⏹Distance between living quarters and campus ⏹Cov(skipped , distance)>0⏹Because of bad weather, oversleeping⏹Is cov(distance, u )=0?⏹Low income students may live off campus.⏹If income affects score, cov(distance, u )>0⏹If income included directly in the model, distance is a good IV for skipped.⏹If a good proxy exists, say, GPA prior to the semester, IV approach may not necessary.23Identify the parameters in IV Case 1: One endogenous variable and oneinstrumental variable24Identification of parameters under IVsuppose(one independent variable)25Identification of parameters under IV26Identification of parameters under IV ⏹IV estimator is consistent for⏹Because …IV and OLS: Variance of the estimates28IV versus OLS estimation ⏹Standard error in IV case differs from OLS only in the R 2from regressing x on z⏹Since R 2< 1 and if cov(x ,u )=0, IV standard errors are larger⏹However, IV is consistent, while OLS is inconsistent, when Cov(x,u ) ≠0⏹The stronger the correlation between z and x , the smaller the IV standard errors29Check cov(z,x)≠30Identify the parameters in IV Case 2: One endogenous, one exogenousvariable and one instrumental variable31IV Estimation of the multiple regressionRegression with two independent variablesy 1is endogenous, it correlates with u 1y 2and z 1are explanatory variablesz 1is an exogenous variabley 2is an endogenous variable (correlated with u 1)Notations(15.22)32ExampleEstimate (15.22) by OLS, all the estimators willbe inconsistentexper is exogenouseduc is correlated with u 133Strategy for the estimation ⏹Using an instrumental variable z 2for y 2.⏹We need Cov(z 2,u 1)=0 by the property of IV ⏹Since z 1is exogenous, cov(z 1,u 1)=0⏹E(u 1)=0 by the assumption of regression ⏹We also require Cov(z 2,y 2)≠034Test whether z 2is a valid IV ⏹Given that we have y 1, y 2, z 1, z 2, we can solve ⏹We need to impose one more assumption on z 2,cov(z 2,y 2)≠0⏹Write y 2as a linear function of z 1and z 2in order tocontrol the effect of z 1.whereIdentification condition (15.26)Reduced form equations35Methods of momentThree population moment conditionsThe corresponding sample moments conditionsor E(u 1)=0, E(z 1u 1)=0 and E(z 2u 1)=0E(u 1)=0E(z 1u 1)=0E(z 2u 1)=036If more exogenous variablesSupposeassumerequire If z k is a valid instrument3738Identify the parameters in IV Case 3: One endogenous, one exogenousvariable and two instrumental variables39Multiple Instrumental Variable ⏹Previous case: 1 endogenous variable (y 2) and one IV (z 2) excluded from the model ⏹What to do if we have multiple IV?(z 2is an IV)(15.22)40Multiple Instrumental Variable⏹Suppose we have another IV called z 3.⏹By the property of IV,cov(z 2,u 1)=cov(z 3,u 1)=0(15.22)41Best Instrumental Variable ⏹If z 2and z 3are both correlated with y 2, just use each as an IV.⏹Problem: Neither IV will be efficient⏹Now, z 1, z 2and z 3is uncorrelated with u 1,linear combination of z 1, z 2, z 3is also uncorrelated with u 1.42Multiple Instrumental Variables For the best IV, we choose the linear combinationthat is most highly correlated with y2.writewhereThe best IV isIdentification assumption43Multiple Instrumental Variables(15.22)using F test44Multiple Instrumental Variables ⏹Estimate the reduced form by OLS, regress y 2on z 1, z 2and z 3and obtain the fitted value.⏹Test whether are jointly significant ⏹If not significant, no use to perform IV regression using z 2and z 3.45Multiple Instrumental Variables Three equations to estimateE(z 1u 1)=0E(u 1)=00)ˆ(12 u yETwo stage least square (2SLS)4647The idea of 2SLS⏹Decompose the endogenous variable x into two parts⏹⏹is uncorrelated with u⏹v is correlated with u⏹Discard v⏹Estimate β1based on the information of ⏹First step: find (How?)⏹Second step: replace x by and estimate β1based onthe above model (consistency of β1)vx x +=ˆx ˆx ˆx ˆx ˆ48Two stage least square (2SLS) With multiple instrument, the IV estimator is calledthe two stage least squares (2SLS) estimator(1) run(2) identical to the OLS estimates from the regression of It can be shown that49ExampleMother and father ’s education as IV for educ50Example。
(英语)高二英语完形填空解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)及解析
（英语）高二英语完形填空解题技巧及经典题型及练习题(含答案)及解析一、高中英语完形填空1．阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A, B, C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
You Did More Than Carry My booksMark was walking home from school one day when he noticed the boy ahead of him had dropped all of the books he was carrying, along with a baseball bat and several other things. Mark 1 down and helped the boy pick up these articles. 2 they were going the same way, he helped to carry some of them for him. As they walked Mark 3 the boy's name was Bill, that he 4 computer games, baseball and history, that he was having a lotof 5 with his other subjects and that he had just broken 6 with his girlfriend.They arrived at Bill's home first and Mark was 7 in for a Coke and to watch some television. The afternoon passed 8 with a few laughs and some shared small talk, and then Mark went home. They 9 to see each other around school, had lunch together onceor twice, and then both ended up from the same high school. Just three weeks before 10 , Bill asked Mark if they 11 talk.Bill 12 him of the day years ago when they had first met. "Do you 13 wonder why I was carrying so many things home that day?" asked Bill. "You see, I 14 out my locker because I didn't want to leave a mess(脏乱) 15 anyone else. I had planned to run away and I was going home to 16 my things. But after we spent some time together 17 and laughing, I realized that 18 I had done that, I would have 19 a new friend and missed all the fun we would have together. So you see, Mark, when you picked up my books that day, you did a lot more. You 20 my life."1. A. fell B. bent C. lay D. sat2. A. Although B. After C. Since D. Until3. A. realized B. discovered C. said D. decided4. A. played B. made C. tried D. loved5. A. questions B. ideas C. trouble D. doubt6. A. up B. out C. off D. away7. A. called B. helped C. invited D. allowed8. A. peacefully B. pleasantly C. freely D. willingly9. A. continued B. agreed C. forced D. offered10. A. movement B. graduation C. separation D. vacation11. A. would B. should C. could D. must12. A. reminded B. told C. spoke D. asked13. A. even B. usually C. ever D. never14. A. checked B. took C. cleaned D. put15. A. over B. into C. with D. for16. A. find B. pack C. pick D. hold17. A. talking B. playing C. reading D. watching18. A. before B. as C. while D. if19. A. lost B. passed C. left D. forgotten20. A. helped B. changed C. improved D. recovered【答案】（1）B；（2）C；（3）B；（4）D；（5）C；（6）A；（7）C；（8）B；（9）A；（10）B；（11）C；（12）A；（13）C；（14）C；（15）D；（16）B；（17）A；（18）D；（19）A；（20）B；【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。
讲座用英语怎么说
讲座用英语怎么说讲座，是由主讲人向学员传授某方面的知识的一种公开半公开的学习形式。
那么你知道讲座用英语怎么说吗?下面跟店铺一起学习讲座的英语知识吧。
讲座英语说法lecturecathedra讲座的相关短语学术讲座academic forum ; Academic lecture ; Academic Seminar ; Lecture系列讲座 series of lectures ; Lecture Series ; Seminar Series ; Series (or set) of lectures做讲座 give lectures ; give a lecture ; Do lectures ; A lecture 研究讲座 Faculty Research Lecturer ; Research Chair Professor ; Research Seminar大师讲座 Master Class ; Daryls New Millennium World Tour Lecture国家讲座national chair professors ; national chair professorship;national chair professors讲座通知 Report Notice知识讲座Lecture ; Knowledge Lectures ; Chiar ; knowledge lecture稀有讲座The Ali Bongo Lecture ; Michael Weber - International Lecture讲座的英语例句1. He was much in demand as a lecturer in the US.他的讲座在美国很受欢迎。
2. This year's event consisted of readings, lectures and workshops.今年的活动包括读书会、讲座和研讨会。
山西省太原市2024-2025学年高三上学期期中考试 英语(含答案)
2024～2025学年第一学期高三年级期中学业诊断英语试卷（考试时间：上午10:15—12:15）说明：本试卷为闭卷笔答，答题时间120分钟，满分150分（不含听力）。
第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。
录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转写到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?A．£19.15.B．£9.18.C．£9.15.答案是C。
1．What are the speakers mainly talking about?A．Transport options.B．A weekend plan.C．A business deal.2．What is the man going to do?A．Tidy up his room.B．Wind up the essay.C．Carry out a survey.3．When is the competition probably held?A．In February.B．On May Day.C．At the end of June.4．Where is Tom going this afternoon?A．To the computer lab.B．To the campus canteen.C．To the gym.5．Why didn’t the man see the movie yesterday?A．He isn’t a moviegoer.B．He needed a rest at home.C．He didn’t want to miss the exhibition.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。
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Hence
B v dt
d v B dl dt
but this last result is identical to the result for the motional electromotance derived previously so we have
d dt
(where is the flux cut)
This result can be shown to be a general one which applies to all types of electromagnetic induction (not just motional). A negative sign is inserted in the equation to account for Lenz’s law
dW F dL L Qt L Qt L E dL
(the final term results because F/Qt=E) The units of electromotance are the Volt (V). Because for electrostatics L charges are unable to produce an electromotance.
Lectures 13 and 14 Electromagnetic induction
Introduction
In the previous lectures we saw that when a current passes through a wire then a magnetic field is produced. It is reasonable to guess that there might be the reverse effect: if a wire is passed through a magnetic field then a current is produced. This effect, known as electromagnetic induction, was discovered in 1831-1832 during a series of experiments by Michael Faraday.
Definition 2 Electromotance (or electromotive force e.m.f) The electromotance is defined as the energy or work done per unit charge (Qt) when it is moved around a closed path L.
Definition 1 Magnetic flux: This is defined in the same way as electric flux. If a magnetic field B passes through a surface A (described by a vector A) then the flux through A is =BA (i.e. it is the component of B normal to the surface multiplied by the area of the surface).
Lenz’s Law Faraday’s laws do not give the direction or sense of the induced electromotance or current. This is given by Lenz’s law which states ‘whenever a change produces an induced current the direction of flow of this current is such as to oppose the change causing it’.
•The magnitude of the induced electromotance is proportional to the rate of change.
The results of Faraday’s experiments are described by his laws of electromagnetic induction, summarised as follows An electromotance is induced when 1. A rigid stationary circuit is placed in a time varying magnetic field 2. A rigid circuit moves in a steady B-field such that the magnetic flux through the circuit changes 3. Part of a circuit moves and in doing so cuts magnetic flux Effect 1 is sometimes known as transformer electromotance and effects 2 and 3 as motional electromotance.
The above result can also be expressed in terms of the rate of change of flux cutting. In time dt the element dl┴ moves a distance v┴dt and hence sweeps out an area v┴dtdl┴. The flux cut is hence this area multiplied by the field d= v┴dtdl┴B.
If the E-field EM exists along an element dl of the moving conductor then an electromotance d =EMdl= (vB)dl results.
Because of the form of this result it is only the components of v and dl which are perpendicular to the B-field (v┴ and dl┴ respectively) which are important. Hence the electromotance can be written in the non-vector form d =v┴Bdl┴
B M
B
B
Cutting of flux by a conductor: when part of a circuit moves and, in doing so, cuts magnetic flux then a current is induced in the circuit.
B
•Electromotance (voltage) or current?: the induced current is proportional to the conductance of the circuit. Hence a given change produces a definite electromotance (or electromotive force e.m.f – the ability to drive current around a circuit – related to voltage) rather than a definite current. •Self induction: an electromotance is induced in a circuit due to changes in its own current.
E , dL 0static
Motional electromotance
Consider the conductor in the figure which is moving with respect to the magnetic field B. Charges within the conductor experience a magnetic force given by F=QvB and hence an effective electric field E=vB.
Faraday’s Experiments Mutual inductance: two coils A and B are arranged such that when a current flows in A some of the magnetic flux produced links (i.e. crosses) B. If the current through A changes then a current is induced in B. A B B B B
M ative motion: a coil is placed such that the magnetic flux from a source M (this may be a magnet or a current) links it. If relative motion occurs between the coil and the source such that the flux linking the coil changes then a current is induced in the coil.
d dt
( is the flux linking the circuit)
This equation fully summarises Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction.