Tech_RSFTHistorian
二十一世纪最伟大的发明英语作文
二十一世纪最伟大的发明英语作文The Greatest Invention of the 21st CenturyIn the fast-paced and ever-changing world of the 21st century, technology has been at the forefront of innovation and advancement. From smartphones to self-driving cars, the technological landscape has been revolutionized by groundbreaking inventions that have changed the way we live, work, and communicate. However, there is one invention that stands out above the rest as the most impactful and significant of the 21st century - the internet.The internet, often referred to as the information superhighway, has revolutionized the way we access and share information, communicate with others, conduct business, and even entertain ourselves. It has connected people from all corners of the globe, breaking down barriers and allowing for unprecedented collaboration and exchange of ideas. The internet has transformed the world into a global village, where distance no longer poses a barrier to communication and interaction.One of the greatest advantages of the internet is its accessibility and affordability. With the proliferation ofsmartphones and other connected devices, almost anyone can access the internet from anywhere at any time. This has opened up a world of opportunities for individuals and businesses alike, allowing for greater connectivity, productivity, and innovation.The internet has also democratized information, making knowledge and resources more accessible to a wider audience. From online courses to research databases, the internet has revolutionized the way we learn and acquire new skills. It has empowered individuals to take control of their education and professional development, regardless of their background or location.Another key benefit of the internet is its role in fostering communication and social connections. Social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram have transformed the way we interact with one another, allowing us to stay connected with friends and family, share updates and photos, and even meet new people from around the world. The internet has also revolutionized the way we communicate in business, enabling real-time collaboration and communication across borders and time zones.In addition to its social and economic impact, the internet has also revolutionized the way we consume media andentertainment. Streaming services like Netflix and Spotify have revolutionized the way we access and enjoy music, movies, and TV shows, while e-books and digital magazines have transformed the way we read and access information. The internet has not only made media more accessible and convenient but has also opened up new opportunities for creators and artists to share their work with a global audience.However, with great power comes great responsibility. The internet has also raised concerns about privacy, security, and the spread of misinformation and fake news. As the internet continues to evolve and expand, it is important for individuals, businesses, and governments to work together to address these challenges and ensure that the internet remains a safe and inclusive space for all.In conclusion, the internet stands out as the greatest invention of the 21st century, with its far-reaching impact on society, economy, and culture. From revolutionizing communication and collaboration to democratizing information and entertainment, the internet has fundamentally transformed the way we live, work, and interact with the world around us. As we continue to harness the power of the internet, it is essentialthat we work together to maximize its potential for positive change and ensure that it remains a force for good in the world.。
六年级英语影视文化解读单选题80题(含答案)
六年级英语影视文化解读单选题80题(含答案)1.In the movie "Frozen", who is the main character?A.ElsaB.AnaC.OlafD.Kristoff答案：A。
《冰雪奇缘》中主要角色是艾莎（Elsa），安娜（Ana）是重要角色但不是主要角色，Olaf 是雪宝，Kristoff 是克斯托夫，都不是主要角色。
电影围绕艾莎展开故事，所以选A。
2.Which animal is the sidekick in "The Lion King"?A.ZazuB.TimonC.PumbaaD.Both B and C答案：D。
在《《狮子王》中丁满《（Timon）和彭彭《（Pumbaa）是辛巴的好伙伴，都是配角，所以选D。
3.In "Finding Nemo", what kind of fish is Nemo?A.ClownfishB.AngelfishC.Blue tangD.Shark答案：A。
《海底总动员》中尼莫是小丑鱼，所以选A。
4.Who is the villain in "Despicable Me"?A.VectorB.GruC.EdithD.Agnes答案：A。
《神偷奶爸》中的反派是向量《（Vector），Gru 是主角，Edith 和Agnes 是Gru 的女儿，所以选A。
5.In "Toy Story", what is the name of the cowboy doll?A.Buzz LightyearB.WoodyC.HammD.Mr. Potato Head答案：B。
《玩具总动员》中牛仔玩偶是胡迪（Woody），巴斯光年《（Buzz Lightyear）是太空人玩偶，Hamm 是小猪存钱罐，Mr. Potato Head 是蛋头先生，所以选B。
傅里叶变换红外光谱仪英文
傅里叶变换红外光谱仪英文Fourier Transform Infrared SpectrometerIntroduction:The Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrometer is an essential tool in the field of spectroscopy. It utilizes the mathematical technique known as Fourier transform to analyze infrared light, enabling scientists to study the molecular composition and structure of various substances. In this article, we will explore the principles behind the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer and its applications in scientific research.Principles of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy:Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy is based on the interaction between infrared light and matter. When a substance is exposed to infrared radiation, the energy absorbed by the molecules causes them to vibrate. These vibrations are specific to each molecule and are dependent on the molecular bonds present within the substance.The spectrometer operates by passing an infrared beam through the sample and measuring the amount of light absorbed at different wavelengths. This absorption spectrum is then transformed using Fourier analysis, producing a highly detailed and accurate representation of the substance's molecular structure.Advantages of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy:1. High Speed and Sensitivity: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy offers rapid analysis times due to its ability to gather a full range ofwavelengths simultaneously. This allows for efficient data collection, making it ideal for high-throughput applications. Additionally, the technique is highly sensitive, capable of detecting even small quantities of sample material.2. Broad Analytical Range: FTIR spectroscopy covers a wide range of wavelengths, from near-infrared (NIR) to mid-infrared (MIR). This versatility enables the analysis of various substances, including organic and inorganic compounds, polymers, pharmaceuticals, and biological samples.3. Non-destructive Analysis: One of the key advantages of FTIR spectroscopy is that it is a non-destructive technique. Samples do not require any special preparation and can be analyzed directly, allowing for subsequent analysis or retesting if required.Applications of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers:1. Pharmaceutical Analysis: FTIR spectroscopy plays a vital role in drug discovery and development. It is used to identify and characterize the molecular composition of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), excipients, and impurities. By comparing spectra, scientists can ensure the quality and purity of pharmaceutical products.2. Environmental Analysis: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometers are employed in environmental monitoring to analyze air, water, and soil samples. It aids in detecting pollutants, identifying unknown substances, and assessing the impact of human activities on the environment.3. Forensic Science: FTIR spectroscopy has proven to be a valuable tool in forensic science. It assists in the analysis of various evidence, such asfibers, paints, and drugs. FTIR spectra can provide crucial information in criminal investigations, helping to identify unknown substances and link them to potential sources.4. Food and Beverage Industry: The FTIR spectrometer allows for the analysis of food quality, safety, and authenticity. It can identify contaminants, detect adulteration, and verify product labeling claims. Both raw materials and finished products can be analyzed using this technique, ensuring compliance with industry regulations.Conclusion:The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer has revolutionized the field of spectroscopy by providing accurate and detailed information about a substance's molecular structure. Its speed, sensitivity, and versatility make it a crucial analytical tool in various scientific disciplines. With ongoing advancements in technology, FTIR spectroscopy continues to contribute to new discoveries and advancements in research.。
FactoryTalk_Historian_SE实时历史数据库基础实验OnTour2013_RSTE2012US_MI08
仅限课堂使用！
FactoryTalk Historian SE 基础实验
目录
准备事宜 ................................................................................. 4 关于本实验 ................................................................................. 4 工具和课前要求 ............................................................................. 4 第 1 部分：Historian 系统介绍（约 10 分钟） ................................................. 5 本部分内容概览 ............................................................................. 5 Historian 的应用 ........................................................................... 6 Historian 架构/分布式 Historian ............................................................ 7 捕捉时序数据或关系数据 ..................................................................... 7 过滤和压缩 ................................................................................. 7 第 2 部分：组态和设置（约 35 分钟） ..................................................... 10 本部分内容概览 ............................................................................ 10 组态时序数据采集 .......................................................................... 10 在 Logix 5000 中检查标签 .................................................................. 11 打开 FactoryTalk 管理控制台并检查数据源.................................................... 13 创建一个新的 Historian 服务器 ............................................................. 15 分配许可证 ................................................................................ 17 侦测历史信息点 ............................................................................ 19 开始数据采集 .............................................................................. 22 使用 SMT 点构建器来修改点 ................................................................. 24 第 3 部分：FactoryTalk View 趋势分析（~15 分钟） ......................................... 39 本部分内容概览 ............................................................................ 39 打开 View Studio .......................................................................... 40 将趋势添加到现有显示 ...................................................................... 42
介绍发明技术的英语作文
介绍发明技术的英语作文Innovation has been the driving force behind the remarkable progress and advancement of human civilization. From the invention of the wheel to the development of modern technologies, the ability to create and improve upon existing ideas has been a fundamental characteristic of our species. One such revolutionary invention that has had a profound impact on our world is the field of technology.Technology, in its broadest sense, refers to the application of scientific knowledge and principles to solve practical problems and improve the quality of life. Over the centuries, humans have continuously pushed the boundaries of what is possible, harnessing the power of technology to transform every aspect of our existence.One of the most significant technological advancements in recent history is the development of the internet and digital communication. The internet, a global network of interconnected computers and devices, has revolutionized the way we access and share information, communicate with one another, and conduct business. With the click of a button, we can instantly connect with people around the world,access a vast wealth of knowledge, and streamline countless tasks and processes.The impact of the internet on our daily lives cannot be overstated. It has transformed the way we work, learn, and entertain ourselves. Remote work and online education have become increasingly common, allowing individuals to overcome geographical barriers and access opportunities that were once out of reach. E-commerce has revolutionized the shopping experience, enabling consumers to purchase goods and services from the comfort of their own homes. Social media platforms have facilitated the creation of global communities, fostering connections and the exchange of ideas across borders.Another groundbreaking technological advancement is the field of artificial intelligence (AI). AI refers to the development of computer systems and algorithms capable of performing tasks that traditionally required human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, and decision-making. The potential applications of AI are vast and far-reaching, ranging from autonomous vehicles and medical diagnostics to personalized recommendations and language translation.One of the most promising applications of AI is in the field of healthcare. AI-powered systems can analyze vast amounts of medicaldata, identify patterns, and assist healthcare professionals in making more accurate diagnoses and treatment decisions. This technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we approach healthcare, leading to earlier detection of diseases, more personalized treatments, and improved patient outcomes.Another area where AI is making significant strides is in the realm of robotics. Robotic systems, powered by AI algorithms, are being developed to perform a wide range of tasks, from manufacturing and assembly to exploration and disaster response. These intelligent machines can work tirelessly, with precision and efficiency, often surpassing human capabilities in certain domains.The emergence of renewable energy technologies is another remarkable advancement that has the potential to transform the way we power our world. The development of solar, wind, and hydroelectric power, among others, has provided viable alternatives to traditional fossil fuel-based energy sources, reducing our reliance on non-renewable and environmentally damaging resources.The benefits of renewable energy technologies are multifaceted. They contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, mitigating the impact of human activities on the environment. Additionally, renewable energy sources are often decentralized, allowing for more localized and resilient power grids, reducing thevulnerability to large-scale disruptions.The field of biotechnology is another area where technological advancements have had a profound impact. Biotechnology encompasses the use of living organisms, such as bacteria and cells, to develop new products or improve existing ones. From the development of life-saving pharmaceuticals to the advancement of agricultural practices, biotechnology has transformed numerous industries and improved the quality of life for millions of people around the world.One of the most remarkable achievements in biotechnology is the field of genetic engineering. Through the manipulation of genetic material, scientists have been able to create new organisms, modify existing ones, and gain a deeper understanding of the fundamental building blocks of life. This knowledge has led to breakthroughs in medicine, agriculture, and environmental conservation, with the potential to address some of the most pressing challenges facing humanity.The rapid advancements in technology have not only transformed our daily lives but have also had a profound impact on the way we work and the job market. The automation of various tasks and the increasing integration of technology into the workforce have led to the emergence of new job roles and the obsolescence of others. Thisshift has necessitated a greater emphasis on continuous learning and the development of adaptable skills to thrive in an ever-evolving technological landscape.In conclusion, the technological advancements that have emerged in recent decades have had a profound and far-reaching impact on our world. From the internet and artificial intelligence to renewable energy and biotechnology, these innovations have transformed the way we live, work, and interact with one another. As we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, it is essential that we harness the power of technology responsibly and ethically, ensuring that its benefits are accessible to all and that it is used to address the pressing challenges facing humanity. The future is ours to shape, and the potential of technology to improve the human condition is truly limitless.。
东莞的黑科技英语作文
东莞的黑科技英语作文Title: The Dark Tech Marvels of DongguanNestled in the heart of Guangdong Province, Dongguan, once known predominantly for its manufacturing prowess, has recently emerged as a hub of technological innovation. This city, often overshadowed by its neighbors Shenzhen and Guangzhou, is now making waves with groundbreaking "black tech" advancements that are reshaping industries andpushing the boundaries of what's possible.At the forefront of this revolution are cutting-edge factories leveraging automation and artificial intelligence. Dongguan's smart factories employ robots working in harmony with human counterparts, enhancing efficiency and precision in manufacturing processes. These AI-driven systems analyze data in real-time, predicting maintenance needs and optimizing production lines, thereby reducing downtime and increasing output. It's a testament to how Dongguan is transforming from a labor-intensive model to a high-tech haven.Another area where Dongguan excels is in the development of advanced materials. Researchers here have engineered "smart fabrics" capable of monitoring health parameters or even generating power from body heat. These wearable technologies, integrated into clothing, symbolize the seamless fusion of fashion and technology, illustrating Dongguan's commitment to innovation in unexpected sectors.Moreover, the city is fostering a thriving startup ecosystem, particularly in the realm of IoT (Internet of Things) and blockchain technology. Startups are leveraging blockchain to enhance supply chain transparency, combat counterfeiting, and secure data transactions. Dongguan's strategic investments in these sectors are not only attracting global attention but also positioning it as a future leader in digital trust and connectivity.Lastly, environmental sustainability is a cornerstone of Dongguan's tech push. The city is piloting projects using nanotechnology to purify water and air, demonstrating its commitment to green tech solutions. These initiatives aim to address pressing environmental challenges whilefostering economic growth, showcasing a harmonious blend of progress and responsibility.In summary, Dongguan's foray into black tech signifies a profound shift in its economic landscape. From AI-powered factories to smart fabrics and blockchain innovations, the city is rapidly becoming a beacon of technological excellence. Its dedication to sustainable development further solidifies its position as a model for futurecities embracing the marriage of technology and environmental stewardship.---东莞市，这座位于广东省心脏地带的城市，早年以制造业重镇的形象闻名，而今却凭借一系列黑科技革新跃升为科技创新的热土。
物理学专业英语
华中师范大学物理学院物理学专业英语仅供内部学习参考！2014一、课程的任务和教学目的通过学习《物理学专业英语》，学生将掌握物理学领域使用频率较高的专业词汇和表达方法，进而具备基本的阅读理解物理学专业文献的能力。
通过分析《物理学专业英语》课程教材中的范文，学生还将从英语角度理解物理学中个学科的研究内容和主要思想，提高学生的专业英语能力和了解物理学研究前沿的能力。
培养专业英语阅读能力，了解科技英语的特点，提高专业外语的阅读质量和阅读速度；掌握一定量的本专业英文词汇，基本达到能够独立完成一般性本专业外文资料的阅读；达到一定的笔译水平。
要求译文通顺、准确和专业化。
要求译文通顺、准确和专业化。
二、课程内容课程内容包括以下章节：物理学、经典力学、热力学、电磁学、光学、原子物理、统计力学、量子力学和狭义相对论三、基本要求1.充分利用课内时间保证充足的阅读量（约1200~1500词/学时），要求正确理解原文。
2.泛读适量课外相关英文读物，要求基本理解原文主要内容。
3.掌握基本专业词汇（不少于200词）。
4.应具有流利阅读、翻译及赏析专业英语文献，并能简单地进行写作的能力。
四、参考书目录1 Physics 物理学 (1)Introduction to physics (1)Classical and modern physics (2)Research fields (4)V ocabulary (7)2 Classical mechanics 经典力学 (10)Introduction (10)Description of classical mechanics (10)Momentum and collisions (14)Angular momentum (15)V ocabulary (16)3 Thermodynamics 热力学 (18)Introduction (18)Laws of thermodynamics (21)System models (22)Thermodynamic processes (27)Scope of thermodynamics (29)V ocabulary (30)4 Electromagnetism 电磁学 (33)Introduction (33)Electrostatics (33)Magnetostatics (35)Electromagnetic induction (40)V ocabulary (43)5 Optics 光学 (45)Introduction (45)Geometrical optics (45)Physical optics (47)Polarization (50)V ocabulary (51)6 Atomic physics 原子物理 (52)Introduction (52)Electronic configuration (52)Excitation and ionization (56)V ocabulary (59)7 Statistical mechanics 统计力学 (60)Overview (60)Fundamentals (60)Statistical ensembles (63)V ocabulary (65)8 Quantum mechanics 量子力学 (67)Introduction (67)Mathematical formulations (68)Quantization (71)Wave-particle duality (72)Quantum entanglement (75)V ocabulary (77)9 Special relativity 狭义相对论 (79)Introduction (79)Relativity of simultaneity (80)Lorentz transformations (80)Time dilation and length contraction (81)Mass-energy equivalence (82)Relativistic energy-momentum relation (86)V ocabulary (89)正文标记说明：蓝色Arial字体（例如energy）：已知的专业词汇蓝色Arial字体加下划线（例如electromagnetism）：新学的专业词汇黑色Times New Roman字体加下划线（例如postulate）：新学的普通词汇1 Physics 物理学1 Physics 物理学Introduction to physicsPhysics is a part of natural philosophy and a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through space and time, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines, perhaps the oldest through its inclusion of astronomy. Over the last two millennia, physics was a part of natural philosophy along with chemistry, certain branches of mathematics, and biology, but during the Scientific Revolution in the 17th century, the natural sciences emerged as unique research programs in their own right. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry,and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms of other sciences, while opening new avenues of research in areas such as mathematics and philosophy.Physics also makes significant contributions through advances in new technologies that arise from theoretical breakthroughs. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism or nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products which have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization; and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.Core theoriesThough physics deals with a wide variety of systems, certain theories are used by all physicists. Each of these theories were experimentally tested numerous times and found correct as an approximation of nature (within a certain domain of validity).For instance, the theory of classical mechanics accurately describes the motion of objects, provided they are much larger than atoms and moving at much less than the speed of light. These theories continue to be areas of active research, and a remarkable aspect of classical mechanics known as chaos was discovered in the 20th century, three centuries after the original formulation of classical mechanics by Isaac Newton (1642–1727) 【艾萨克·牛顿】.University PhysicsThese central theories are important tools for research into more specialized topics, and any physicist, regardless of his or her specialization, is expected to be literate in them. These include classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, electromagnetism, and special relativity.Classical and modern physicsClassical mechanicsClassical physics includes the traditional branches and topics that were recognized and well-developed before the beginning of the 20th century—classical mechanics, acoustics, optics, thermodynamics, and electromagnetism.Classical mechanics is concerned with bodies acted on by forces and bodies in motion and may be divided into statics (study of the forces on a body or bodies at rest), kinematics (study of motion without regard to its causes), and dynamics (study of motion and the forces that affect it); mechanics may also be divided into solid mechanics and fluid mechanics (known together as continuum mechanics), the latter including such branches as hydrostatics, hydrodynamics, aerodynamics, and pneumatics.Acoustics is the study of how sound is produced, controlled, transmitted and received. Important modern branches of acoustics include ultrasonics, the study of sound waves of very high frequency beyond the range of human hearing; bioacoustics the physics of animal calls and hearing, and electroacoustics, the manipulation of audible sound waves using electronics.Optics, the study of light, is concerned not only with visible light but also with infrared and ultraviolet radiation, which exhibit all of the phenomena of visible light except visibility, e.g., reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, dispersion, and polarization of light.Heat is a form of energy, the internal energy possessed by the particles of which a substance is composed; thermodynamics deals with the relationships between heat and other forms of energy.Electricity and magnetism have been studied as a single branch of physics since the intimate connection between them was discovered in the early 19th century; an electric current gives rise to a magnetic field and a changing magnetic field induces an electric current. Electrostatics deals with electric charges at rest, electrodynamics with moving charges, and magnetostatics with magnetic poles at rest.Modern PhysicsClassical physics is generally concerned with matter and energy on the normal scale of1 Physics 物理学observation, while much of modern physics is concerned with the behavior of matter and energy under extreme conditions or on the very large or very small scale.For example, atomic and nuclear physics studies matter on the smallest scale at which chemical elements can be identified.The physics of elementary particles is on an even smaller scale, as it is concerned with the most basic units of matter; this branch of physics is also known as high-energy physics because of the extremely high energies necessary to produce many types of particles in large particle accelerators. On this scale, ordinary, commonsense notions of space, time, matter, and energy are no longer valid.The two chief theories of modern physics present a different picture of the concepts of space, time, and matter from that presented by classical physics.Quantum theory is concerned with the discrete, rather than continuous, nature of many phenomena at the atomic and subatomic level, and with the complementary aspects of particles and waves in the description of such phenomena.The theory of relativity is concerned with the description of phenomena that take place in a frame of reference that is in motion with respect to an observer; the special theory of relativity is concerned with relative uniform motion in a straight line and the general theory of relativity with accelerated motion and its connection with gravitation.Both quantum theory and the theory of relativity find applications in all areas of modern physics.Difference between classical and modern physicsWhile physics aims to discover universal laws, its theories lie in explicit domains of applicability. Loosely speaking, the laws of classical physics accurately describe systems whose important length scales are greater than the atomic scale and whose motions are much slower than the speed of light. Outside of this domain, observations do not match their predictions.Albert Einstein【阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦】contributed the framework of special relativity, which replaced notions of absolute time and space with space-time and allowed an accurate description of systems whose components have speeds approaching the speed of light.Max Planck【普朗克】, Erwin Schrödinger【薛定谔】, and others introduced quantum mechanics, a probabilistic notion of particles and interactions that allowed an accurate description of atomic and subatomic scales.Later, quantum field theory unified quantum mechanics and special relativity.General relativity allowed for a dynamical, curved space-time, with which highly massiveUniversity Physicssystems and the large-scale structure of the universe can be well-described. General relativity has not yet been unified with the other fundamental descriptions; several candidate theories of quantum gravity are being developed.Research fieldsContemporary research in physics can be broadly divided into condensed matter physics; atomic, molecular, and optical physics; particle physics; astrophysics; geophysics and biophysics. Some physics departments also support research in Physics education.Since the 20th century, the individual fields of physics have become increasingly specialized, and today most physicists work in a single field for their entire careers. "Universalists" such as Albert Einstein (1879–1955) and Lev Landau (1908–1968)【列夫·朗道】, who worked in multiple fields of physics, are now very rare.Condensed matter physicsCondensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter. In particular, it is concerned with the "condensed" phases that appear whenever the number of particles in a system is extremely large and the interactions between them are strong.The most familiar examples of condensed phases are solids and liquids, which arise from the bonding by way of the electromagnetic force between atoms. More exotic condensed phases include the super-fluid and the Bose–Einstein condensate found in certain atomic systems at very low temperature, the superconducting phase exhibited by conduction electrons in certain materials,and the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic phases of spins on atomic lattices.Condensed matter physics is by far the largest field of contemporary physics.Historically, condensed matter physics grew out of solid-state physics, which is now considered one of its main subfields. The term condensed matter physics was apparently coined by Philip Anderson when he renamed his research group—previously solid-state theory—in 1967. In 1978, the Division of Solid State Physics of the American Physical Society was renamed as the Division of Condensed Matter Physics.Condensed matter physics has a large overlap with chemistry, materials science, nanotechnology and engineering.Atomic, molecular and optical physicsAtomic, molecular, and optical physics (AMO) is the study of matter–matter and light–matter interactions on the scale of single atoms and molecules.1 Physics 物理学The three areas are grouped together because of their interrelationships, the similarity of methods used, and the commonality of the energy scales that are relevant. All three areas include both classical, semi-classical and quantum treatments; they can treat their subject from a microscopic view (in contrast to a macroscopic view).Atomic physics studies the electron shells of atoms. Current research focuses on activities in quantum control, cooling and trapping of atoms and ions, low-temperature collision dynamics and the effects of electron correlation on structure and dynamics. Atomic physics is influenced by the nucleus (see, e.g., hyperfine splitting), but intra-nuclear phenomena such as fission and fusion are considered part of high-energy physics.Molecular physics focuses on multi-atomic structures and their internal and external interactions with matter and light.Optical physics is distinct from optics in that it tends to focus not on the control of classical light fields by macroscopic objects, but on the fundamental properties of optical fields and their interactions with matter in the microscopic realm.High-energy physics (particle physics) and nuclear physicsParticle physics is the study of the elementary constituents of matter and energy, and the interactions between them.In addition, particle physicists design and develop the high energy accelerators,detectors, and computer programs necessary for this research. The field is also called "high-energy physics" because many elementary particles do not occur naturally, but are created only during high-energy collisions of other particles.Currently, the interactions of elementary particles and fields are described by the Standard Model.●The model accounts for the 12 known particles of matter (quarks and leptons) thatinteract via the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces.●Dynamics are described in terms of matter particles exchanging gauge bosons (gluons,W and Z bosons, and photons, respectively).●The Standard Model also predicts a particle known as the Higgs boson. In July 2012CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics, announced the detection of a particle consistent with the Higgs boson.Nuclear Physics is the field of physics that studies the constituents and interactions of atomic nuclei. The most commonly known applications of nuclear physics are nuclear power generation and nuclear weapons technology, but the research has provided application in many fields, including those in nuclear medicine and magnetic resonance imaging, ion implantation in materials engineering, and radiocarbon dating in geology and archaeology.University PhysicsAstrophysics and Physical CosmologyAstrophysics and astronomy are the application of the theories and methods of physics to the study of stellar structure, stellar evolution, the origin of the solar system, and related problems of cosmology. Because astrophysics is a broad subject, astrophysicists typically apply many disciplines of physics, including mechanics, electromagnetism, statistical mechanics, thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, relativity, nuclear and particle physics, and atomic and molecular physics.The discovery by Karl Jansky in 1931 that radio signals were emitted by celestial bodies initiated the science of radio astronomy. Most recently, the frontiers of astronomy have been expanded by space exploration. Perturbations and interference from the earth's atmosphere make space-based observations necessary for infrared, ultraviolet, gamma-ray, and X-ray astronomy.Physical cosmology is the study of the formation and evolution of the universe on its largest scales. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity plays a central role in all modern cosmological theories. In the early 20th century, Hubble's discovery that the universe was expanding, as shown by the Hubble diagram, prompted rival explanations known as the steady state universe and the Big Bang.The Big Bang was confirmed by the success of Big Bang nucleo-synthesis and the discovery of the cosmic microwave background in 1964. The Big Bang model rests on two theoretical pillars: Albert Einstein's general relativity and the cosmological principle (On a sufficiently large scale, the properties of the Universe are the same for all observers). Cosmologists have recently established the ΛCDM model (the standard model of Big Bang cosmology) of the evolution of the universe, which includes cosmic inflation, dark energy and dark matter.Current research frontiersIn condensed matter physics, an important unsolved theoretical problem is that of high-temperature superconductivity. Many condensed matter experiments are aiming to fabricate workable spintronics and quantum computers.In particle physics, the first pieces of experimental evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model have begun to appear. Foremost among these are indications that neutrinos have non-zero mass. These experimental results appear to have solved the long-standing solar neutrino problem, and the physics of massive neutrinos remains an area of active theoretical and experimental research. Particle accelerators have begun probing energy scales in the TeV range, in which experimentalists are hoping to find evidence for the super-symmetric particles, after discovery of the Higgs boson.Theoretical attempts to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity into a single theory1 Physics 物理学of quantum gravity, a program ongoing for over half a century, have not yet been decisively resolved. The current leading candidates are M-theory, superstring theory and loop quantum gravity.Many astronomical and cosmological phenomena have yet to be satisfactorily explained, including the existence of ultra-high energy cosmic rays, the baryon asymmetry, the acceleration of the universe and the anomalous rotation rates of galaxies.Although much progress has been made in high-energy, quantum, and astronomical physics, many everyday phenomena involving complexity, chaos, or turbulence are still poorly understood. Complex problems that seem like they could be solved by a clever application of dynamics and mechanics remain unsolved; examples include the formation of sand-piles, nodes in trickling water, the shape of water droplets, mechanisms of surface tension catastrophes, and self-sorting in shaken heterogeneous collections.These complex phenomena have received growing attention since the 1970s for several reasons, including the availability of modern mathematical methods and computers, which enabled complex systems to be modeled in new ways. Complex physics has become part of increasingly interdisciplinary research, as exemplified by the study of turbulence in aerodynamics and the observation of pattern formation in biological systems.Vocabulary★natural science 自然科学academic disciplines 学科astronomy 天文学in their own right 凭他们本身的实力intersects相交，交叉interdisciplinary交叉学科的，跨学科的★quantum 量子的theoretical breakthroughs 理论突破★electromagnetism 电磁学dramatically显著地★thermodynamics热力学★calculus微积分validity★classical mechanics 经典力学chaos 混沌literate 学者★quantum mechanics量子力学★thermodynamics and statistical mechanics热力学与统计物理★special relativity狭义相对论is concerned with 关注，讨论，考虑acoustics 声学★optics 光学statics静力学at rest 静息kinematics运动学★dynamics动力学ultrasonics超声学manipulation 操作，处理，使用University Physicsinfrared红外ultraviolet紫外radiation辐射reflection 反射refraction 折射★interference 干涉★diffraction 衍射dispersion散射★polarization 极化，偏振internal energy 内能Electricity电性Magnetism 磁性intimate 亲密的induces 诱导，感应scale尺度★elementary particles基本粒子★high-energy physics 高能物理particle accelerators 粒子加速器valid 有效的，正当的★discrete离散的continuous 连续的complementary 互补的★frame of reference 参照系★the special theory of relativity 狭义相对论★general theory of relativity 广义相对论gravitation 重力，万有引力explicit 详细的，清楚的★quantum field theory 量子场论★condensed matter physics凝聚态物理astrophysics天体物理geophysics地球物理Universalist博学多才者★Macroscopic宏观Exotic奇异的★Superconducting 超导Ferromagnetic铁磁质Antiferromagnetic 反铁磁质★Spin自旋Lattice 晶格，点阵，网格★Society社会，学会★microscopic微观的hyperfine splitting超精细分裂fission分裂，裂变fusion熔合，聚变constituents成分，组分accelerators加速器detectors 检测器★quarks夸克lepton 轻子gauge bosons规范玻色子gluons胶子★Higgs boson希格斯玻色子CERN欧洲核子研究中心★Magnetic Resonance Imaging磁共振成像，核磁共振ion implantation 离子注入radiocarbon dating放射性碳年代测定法geology地质学archaeology考古学stellar 恒星cosmology宇宙论celestial bodies 天体Hubble diagram 哈勃图Rival竞争的★Big Bang大爆炸nucleo-synthesis核聚合，核合成pillar支柱cosmological principle宇宙学原理ΛCDM modelΛ-冷暗物质模型cosmic inflation宇宙膨胀1 Physics 物理学fabricate制造，建造spintronics自旋电子元件，自旋电子学★neutrinos 中微子superstring 超弦baryon重子turbulence湍流，扰动，骚动catastrophes突变，灾变，灾难heterogeneous collections异质性集合pattern formation模式形成University Physics2 Classical mechanics 经典力学IntroductionIn physics, classical mechanics is one of the two major sub-fields of mechanics, which is concerned with the set of physical laws describing the motion of bodies under the action of a system of forces. The study of the motion of bodies is an ancient one, making classical mechanics one of the oldest and largest subjects in science, engineering and technology.Classical mechanics describes the motion of macroscopic objects, from projectiles to parts of machinery, as well as astronomical objects, such as spacecraft, planets, stars, and galaxies. Besides this, many specializations within the subject deal with gases, liquids, solids, and other specific sub-topics.Classical mechanics provides extremely accurate results as long as the domain of study is restricted to large objects and the speeds involved do not approach the speed of light. When the objects being dealt with become sufficiently small, it becomes necessary to introduce the other major sub-field of mechanics, quantum mechanics, which reconciles the macroscopic laws of physics with the atomic nature of matter and handles the wave–particle duality of atoms and molecules. In the case of high velocity objects approaching the speed of light, classical mechanics is enhanced by special relativity. General relativity unifies special relativity with Newton's law of universal gravitation, allowing physicists to handle gravitation at a deeper level.The initial stage in the development of classical mechanics is often referred to as Newtonian mechanics, and is associated with the physical concepts employed by and the mathematical methods invented by Newton himself, in parallel with Leibniz【莱布尼兹】, and others.Later, more abstract and general methods were developed, leading to reformulations of classical mechanics known as Lagrangian mechanics and Hamiltonian mechanics. These advances were largely made in the 18th and 19th centuries, and they extend substantially beyond Newton's work, particularly through their use of analytical mechanics. Ultimately, the mathematics developed for these were central to the creation of quantum mechanics.Description of classical mechanicsThe following introduces the basic concepts of classical mechanics. For simplicity, it often2 Classical mechanics 经典力学models real-world objects as point particles, objects with negligible size. The motion of a point particle is characterized by a small number of parameters: its position, mass, and the forces applied to it.In reality, the kind of objects that classical mechanics can describe always have a non-zero size. (The physics of very small particles, such as the electron, is more accurately described by quantum mechanics). Objects with non-zero size have more complicated behavior than hypothetical point particles, because of the additional degrees of freedom—for example, a baseball can spin while it is moving. However, the results for point particles can be used to study such objects by treating them as composite objects, made up of a large number of interacting point particles. The center of mass of a composite object behaves like a point particle.Classical mechanics uses common-sense notions of how matter and forces exist and interact. It assumes that matter and energy have definite, knowable attributes such as where an object is in space and its speed. It also assumes that objects may be directly influenced only by their immediate surroundings, known as the principle of locality.In quantum mechanics objects may have unknowable position or velocity, or instantaneously interact with other objects at a distance.Position and its derivativesThe position of a point particle is defined with respect to an arbitrary fixed reference point, O, in space, usually accompanied by a coordinate system, with the reference point located at the origin of the coordinate system. It is defined as the vector r from O to the particle.In general, the point particle need not be stationary relative to O, so r is a function of t, the time elapsed since an arbitrary initial time.In pre-Einstein relativity (known as Galilean relativity), time is considered an absolute, i.e., the time interval between any given pair of events is the same for all observers. In addition to relying on absolute time, classical mechanics assumes Euclidean geometry for the structure of space.Velocity and speedThe velocity, or the rate of change of position with time, is defined as the derivative of the position with respect to time. In classical mechanics, velocities are directly additive and subtractive as vector quantities; they must be dealt with using vector analysis.When both objects are moving in the same direction, the difference can be given in terms of speed only by ignoring direction.University PhysicsAccelerationThe acceleration , or rate of change of velocity, is the derivative of the velocity with respect to time (the second derivative of the position with respect to time).Acceleration can arise from a change with time of the magnitude of the velocity or of the direction of the velocity or both . If only the magnitude v of the velocity decreases, this is sometimes referred to as deceleration , but generally any change in the velocity with time, including deceleration, is simply referred to as acceleration.Inertial frames of referenceWhile the position and velocity and acceleration of a particle can be referred to any observer in any state of motion, classical mechanics assumes the existence of a special family of reference frames in terms of which the mechanical laws of nature take a comparatively simple form. These special reference frames are called inertial frames .An inertial frame is such that when an object without any force interactions (an idealized situation) is viewed from it, it appears either to be at rest or in a state of uniform motion in a straight line. This is the fundamental definition of an inertial frame. They are characterized by the requirement that all forces entering the observer's physical laws originate in identifiable sources (charges, gravitational bodies, and so forth).A non-inertial reference frame is one accelerating with respect to an inertial one, and in such a non-inertial frame a particle is subject to acceleration by fictitious forces that enter the equations of motion solely as a result of its accelerated motion, and do not originate in identifiable sources. These fictitious forces are in addition to the real forces recognized in an inertial frame.A key concept of inertial frames is the method for identifying them. For practical purposes, reference frames that are un-accelerated with respect to the distant stars are regarded as good approximations to inertial frames.Forces; Newton's second lawNewton was the first to mathematically express the relationship between force and momentum . Some physicists interpret Newton's second law of motion as a definition of force and mass, while others consider it a fundamental postulate, a law of nature. Either interpretation has the same mathematical consequences, historically known as "Newton's Second Law":a m t v m t p F ===d )(d d dThe quantity m v is called the (canonical ) momentum . The net force on a particle is thus equal to rate of change of momentum of the particle with time.So long as the force acting on a particle is known, Newton's second law is sufficient to。
数字经济与实体经济深度融合的内涵和途径
数字经济与实体经济深度融合的内涵和途径一、引言A.引入数字经济和实体经济的概念B.数字经济与实体经济深度融合的意义和价值二、数字经济与实体经济的关系A.数字经济是实体经济的延伸和拓展B.数字经济给实体经济带来了新的机遇和挑战三、数字经济对实体经济的影响A.数字化推动实体经济转型升级B.数字经济改变了实体经济的发展方式四、实体经济对数字经济的支撑A.实体经济是数字经济的基础和支撑B.实体经济是数字经济数字化的源头五、数字经济与实体经济的融合途径A.构建数字经济和实体经济深度融合的平台B.实施数字化服务和效率提升的方案六、数字经济与实体经济融合的情况分析A.数字化深度渗透到实体经济各个领域B.实体经济数字化程度提升的实战案例七、数字经济与实体经济融合的挑战与未来展望A.数字经济与实体经济之间存在的问题与难点B.数字经济与实体经济融合的未来发展趋势与新机遇八、结论A.数字经济和实体经济必须深度融合B.数字经济和实体经济深度融合的前景和意义一、引言随着数字技术的不断进步和应用，数字经济已经成为了现代经济的核心，实体经济则是数字经济所服务的现实社会经济组织及其相关产业的总和。
它们的融合，对于经济社会的可持续发展，乃至人类社会的进步，具有不可替代的作用。
数字经济作为一种以数字信息技术为驱动，以数字化产品及服务为中心，以数字流通与数字支付为核心的经济形态，正逐渐取代传统实体经济成为世界经济发展的新引擎。
随着数字经济快速发展，实体经济在数字化转型中的角色越来越重要，两者的深度融合已经成为业界和政府普遍关注的重要议题。
本文旨在探讨数字经济与实体经济深度融合的内涵和途径，分析其意义和价值，挖掘数字经济和实体经济间的互动关系。
本文将分为八个章节进行探讨。
第一章主要介绍数字经济和实体经济的关系，为后面章节的展开奠定基础。
A. 引入数字经济和实体经济的概念数字经济是指以电子商务、数字支付、大数据、人工智能等为基础的全球经济体系，是经济发展的新动力，也是人类社会经济发展进程中的新经济模式。
NVIDIA Mellanox ConnectX-6 Dx SmartNIC产品简介说明书
NVIDIA® Mellanox® ConnectX®-6 Dx SmartNIC is the industry’s most secure and advanced cloud network interface card to accelerate mission-critical data-center applications, such as security, virtualization, SDN/NFV, big data, machine learning, and storage. The SmartNIC provides up to two ports of 100 Gb/s Ethernet connectivity and delivers the highest return on investment (ROI) of any smart network interface card.ConnectX-6 Dx is a member of NVIDIA Mellanox’s world-class, award-winning ConnectX series of network adapters powered by leading 50 Gb/s (PAM4) and 25/10 Gb/s (NRZ) SerDes technology and novel capabilities that accelerate cloud and data-center payloads. SECURITY FROM ZERO TRUST TO HERO TRUSTIn an era where privacy of information is key and zero trust is the rule, ConnectX-6 Dx adapters offer a range of advanced built-in capabilities that bring security down to the endpoints with unprecedented performance and scalability, including:>Probes & DoS Attack Protection – ConnectX-6 Dx enables a hardware-based L4 firewall by offloading stateful connection tracking through Mellanox ASAP2 - Accelerated Switch and Packet Processing®.>NIC Security – Hardware Root-of-Trust (RoT) Secure Boot and secure firmware update using RSA cryptography, and cloning-protection, via a device-unique secret key. ADVANCED VIRTUALIZATIONConnectX-6 Dx delivers another level of innovation to enable building highly efficient virtualized cloud data centers:>Virtualization – Mellanox ASAP2 technology for vSwitch/vRouter hardware offloaddelivers orders of magnitude higher performance vs. software-based solutions.ConnectX-6 Dx ASAP2 offers both SR-IOV and VirtIO in-hardware offload capabilities, and supports up to 8 million rules.>Advanced Quality of Service – Includes traffic shaping and classification-baseddata policing. SmartNIC Portfolio>1/10/25/40/50/100 Gb/s Ethernet,PAM4/NRZ>PCIe low-profile form factor>QSFP56 connectors>PCIe Gen 3.0/4.0 x16 host interface Key Features>Up to 100 Gb/s bandwidth>Message rate of up to 215 Mpps>Sub 0.8 usec latency>Flexible programmable pipeline for new network flows>ASAP2 - Accelerated Switching and Packet Processing for virtual switches/routers >Overlay tunneling technologies>Hardware Root-of-Trust and secure firmware update>Connection Tracking offload>Advanced RoCE capabilities>Best in class PTP for TSN applications>GPUDirect® for GPU-to-GPU communication>Host chaining technology for economical rack design>Platform agnostic: x86, Power, Arm>ODCC compatibleNVIDIA MELLANOX CONNECTX-6 DX DELL EMC ETHERNET SMARTNICINDUSTRY-LEADING ROCEFollowing the Mellanox ConnectX tradition of industry-leading RoCE capabilities, ConnectX-6 Dx adds another layer of innovation to enable more scalable, resilient and easy-to-deploy RoCE solutions.>Zero Touch RoCE – Simplifying RoCE deployments, ConnectX-6 Dx allows RoCEpayloads to run seamlessly on existing networks without requiring special configuration on the network (no PFC, no ECN). New features in ConnectX-6 Dx ensure resiliency and efficiency at scale of such deployments.>Configurable Congestion Control – API to build user-defined congestion controlalgorithms, best serving various environments and RoCE and TCP/IP traffic patterns. BEST IN CLASS PTP FOR TIME SENSITIVE APPLICATIONS Mellanox offers a full IEEE 1588v2 PTP software solution as well as time sensitive related features called 5T45G. Mellanox PTP and 5T45G software solutions are designed to meet the most demanding PTP profiles. ConnectX-6 Dx incorporates an integrated Hardware Clock (PHC) that allows the device to achieve sub-20 usec accuracy while offering various timing related functions, including time-triggered scheduling or time-based SND accelerations (time based ASAP²). Furthermore, 5T45G technology enables software applications to transmit front-haul (ORAN) compatible in high bandwidth. The PTP solution supports slave clock, master clock, and boundary clock.EFFICIENT STORAGE SOLUTIONSWith its NVMe-oF target and initiator offloads, ConnectX-6 Dx brings further optimization to NVMe-oF, enhancing CPU utilization and scalability. Additionally, ConnectX-6 Dx supports hardware offload for ingress/egress of T10-DIF/PI/CRC32/CRC64 signatures. Solutions>Cloud-native, Web 2.0, hyperscale >Enterprise data-centers>Cyber security>Big data analytics>Scale-out compute and storage infrastructure>Telco and Network Function Virtualization (NFV)>Cloud storage>Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI)>Media and EntertainmentORDERING INFORMATION1 50G can be supported as either 2x25G NRZ or 1x50G PAM4 when using QSFP56.2 100G can be supported as either 4x25G NRZ or 2x50G PAM4 when using QSFP56. By default, the above products are shipped with a tall bracket mounted;a short bracket is included as an accessory.Learn more at /products/ethernet/connectx-smartnic© 2020 Mellanox Technologies. All rights reserved. NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, Mellanox, ConnectX, GPUDirect, Mellanox PeerDirect, and ASAP 2 - Accelerated Switch and Packet Processing are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of Mellanox Technologies Ltd. FEATURES *>IEEE 802.3cd, 50, 100 and 200 Gigabit Ethernet>IEEE 802.3bj, 802.3bm 100 Gigabit Ethernet>IEEE 802.3by, 25, 50 Gigabit Ethernet supporting all FEC modes>IEEE 802.3ba 40 Gigabit Ethernet >IEEE 802.3ae 10 Gigabit Ethernet >IEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet (supports only “Fast-Wake” mode)>IEEE 802.3ap based auto-negotiation and KR startup >IEEE 802.3ad, 802.1AX Link Aggregation>IEEE 802.1Q, 802.1P VLAN tags and priority>IEEE 802.1Qaz (ETS) >IEEE 802.1Qbb (PFC) >IEEE 802.1Qbg>25/50 Ethernet Consortium “Low Latency FEC” for50GE/100GE/200GE PAM4 links >PCI Express Gen 3.0 and 4.0STANDARDS *Network Interface>2 x 25/50/100 GbEHost Interface>PCIe Gen 4.0, 3.0, 2.0, 1.1>16.0, 8.0, 5.0, 2.5 GT/s link rate >16 lanes of PCIe> MSI/MSI-X mechanisms >Advanced PCIe capabilitiesVirtualization/Cloud Native>Single Root IOV (SR-IOV) and VirtIO acceleration>Up to 1 K VFs per port >8 PFs>Support for tunneling>Encap/decap of VXLAN, NVGRE, Geneve, and more>Stateless offloads for Overlay tunnelsMellanox ASAP 2> SDN acceleration for:>Bare metal >Virtualization >Containers>Full hardware offload for OVS data plane>Flow update through RTE_Flow or TC_Flower >OpenStack support >Kubernetes support>Rich classification engine (L2 to L4) >Flex-Parser: user defined classification >Hardware offload for:>Connection tracking (L4 firewall) >NAT>Header rewrite >Mirroring >Sampling >Flow aging >Hierarchial QoS>Flow-based statisticsPlatform Security>Hardware root-of-trust >Secure firmware updateStateless Offloads>TCP/UDP/IP stateless offload >LSO, LRO, checksum offload>Receive Side Scaling (RSS) also on encapsulated packet>Transmit Side Scaling (TSS)>VLAN and MPLS tag insertion/stripping >Receive flow steeringAdvanced Timing & Synchronization>Advanced PTP>IEEE 1588v2 (any profile)>PTP Hardware Clock (PHC) (UTC format) >16 nsec accuracy>Line rate hardware timestamp (UTC format) >Time triggered scheduling >PTP based packet pacing>Time based SDN acceleration (ASAP 2) >Time Sensitive Networking (TSN)Storage Accelerations>NVMe over Fabric offloads for target>Storage protocols: iSER, NFSoRDMA, SMB Direct, NVMe-oF, and more >T-10 Dif/Signature HandoverRDMA over Converged Ethernet (RoCE)>RoCE v1/v2>Zero Touch RoCE: no ECN, no PFC >RoCE over overlay networks >Selective repeat>Programmable congestion control interface >GPUDirect ®>Burst buffer offloadManagement and Control>PLDM for Monitor and Control DSP0248 >PLDM for Firmware Update DSP026 >I 2C interface for device control and configurationRemote Boot>Remote boot over Ethernet >Remote boot over iSCSI>UEFI support for x86 and Arm servers >PXE boot* This section describes hardware features and capabilities. Please refer to the driver and firmware release notes for feature availability.。
Texas Instruments TI-RFid 高频读写器IC TRF7960 TRF7961产
RFID SystemsProduct Specifi cationsOverviewTexas Instruments Radio Frequency Identifi cation Systems is an industry leader in RFID technology, and the world’slargest integrated manufacturer of TI-RFid™ tags, TI-RFid smart labels, and TI-RFid reader systems. With more than1 billion RFID tags manufactured, TI-RFid technology is used in a broad range of RFID applications worldwide. TI isan active member of many standards bodies, including ISO, ISO/IEC, ECMA International, ETSI, and several nationalstandardization bodies working to drive the adoption of global standards for RFID technology. Array/rfi d Call 1-800-962-RFID(7343)* Dependent on the confi guration used, the RF regulation in country of use and the environmental conditionRFIDTag-it™ HF-I Standard Transponder Inlays/rfi dCall 1-800-962-RFID(7343)SPAT178A© 2010 Texas Instruments Incorporated Printed in U.S.A.Printed on recycled paperRFID010208AEurope, Middle East and Africa (EMEA)European Toll Free* 00800 275 83927International +49 (0) 8161 80 2121Russian Support +7 (495) 981 07 01*The European Toll Free number is not active in all countries. If you havetechnical difficulty calling the toll-free number please use the international numberFax: +49 (0) 8161 80 2045Business Hours (Central European Time)Monday – Wednesday 10:00 – 18:00Tuesday – Thursday 09:00 – 18:00Friday 09:00 – 16:00E-mail:******************Texas Instruments Deutschland GmbH RFID Systems Haggertystrasse 1D-85350 Freising GermanyImportant Notice: The products and services of Texas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries described herein are sold subject to TI’s standard terms and conditions of sale. Customers are advised to obtain the most current and complete information about TI products and services before placing orders. TI assumes no liability for applications assistance, customer’s applications or product designs, software performance, or infringement of patents. The publication of information regarding any other company’s products or services does not constitute TI’s approval, warranty or endorsement thereof.The platform bar, TI-RFid and Tag-it are trademarks of Texas Instruments.All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.TI RFID Worldwide Technical SupportInternetTI RFID Home Page/rfidProduct Information CentersUS and CanadaPhone 800-962-RF I D (7343)Fax: 214-567-7343Business Hours (Central Standard Time)Monday – Friday 8:00 am – 5:00 pm E-mail:******************Texas InstrumentsRadio Frequency Identification System 6550 Chase Oaks Blvd., MS 8470Plano, Texas 75023USAApplicationsPartner with TI, the technology leader in application-specifi c RFID solutions, for turnkey end-to-end formulas to employ RFID in specifi c tracking models such as recycling, waste management and high value asset tracking – to name a few. The integration of TI-RFid™ products into proven application models, in conjunction with third party Developers Network partners gives customers the ability to adapt an end-to-end RFID asset tracking solutions for their business, without costly mistakes or development time. TI’s RFID Application Solutions are state-of-the-art design and system models for unique vertical business needs that result in lower overall system cost and faster, more effi cient roll-outs. Learn more at /rfid-applicationsIMPORTANT NOTICETexas Instruments Incorporated and its subsidiaries(TI)reserve the right to make corrections,modifications,enhancements,improvements, and other changes to its products and services at any time and to discontinue any product or service without notice.Customers should obtain the latest relevant information before placing orders and should verify that such information is current and complete.All products are sold subject to TI’s terms and conditions of sale supplied at the time of order acknowledgment.TI warrants performance of its hardware products to the specifications applicable at the time of sale in accordance with TI’s standard warranty.Testing and other quality control techniques are used to the extent TI deems necessary to support this warranty.Except where mandated by government requirements,testing of all parameters of each product is not necessarily performed.TI assumes no liability for applications assistance or customer product design.Customers are responsible for their products and applications using TI components.To minimize the risks associated with customer products and applications,customers should provide adequate design and operating safeguards.TI does not warrant or represent that any license,either express or implied,is granted under any TI patent right,copyright,mask work right, or other TI intellectual property right relating to any combination,machine,or process in which TI products or services are rmation published by TI regarding third-party products or services does not constitute a license from TI to use such products or services or a warranty or endorsement e of such information may require a license from a third party under the patents or other intellectual property of the third party,or a license from TI under the patents or other intellectual property of TI.Reproduction of TI information in TI data books or data sheets is permissible only if reproduction is without alteration and is accompanied by all associated warranties,conditions,limitations,and notices.Reproduction of this information with alteration is an unfair and deceptive business practice.TI is not responsible or liable for such altered rmation of third parties may be subject to additional restrictions.Resale of TI products or services with statements different from or beyond the parameters stated by TI for that product or service voids all express and any implied warranties for the associated TI product or service and is an unfair and deceptive business practice.TI is not responsible or liable for any such statements.TI products are not authorized for use in safety-critical applications(such as life support)where a failure of the TI product would reasonably be expected to cause severe personal injury or death,unless officers of the parties have executed an agreement specifically governing such use.Buyers represent that they have all necessary expertise in the safety and regulatory ramifications of their applications,and acknowledge and agree that they are solely responsible for all legal,regulatory and safety-related requirements concerning their products and any use of TI products in such safety-critical applications,notwithstanding any applications-related information or support that may be provided by TI.Further,Buyers must fully indemnify TI and its representatives against any damages arising out of the use of TI products in such safety-critical applications.TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in military/aerospace applications or environments unless the TI products are specifically designated by TI as military-grade or"enhanced plastic."Only products designated by TI as military-grade meet military specifications.Buyers acknowledge and agree that any such use of TI products which TI has not designated as military-grade is solely at the Buyer's risk,and that they are solely responsible for compliance with all legal and regulatory requirements in connection with such use. TI products are neither designed nor intended for use in automotive applications or environments unless the specific TI products are designated by TI as compliant with ISO/TS16949requirements.Buyers acknowledge and agree that,if they use any non-designated products in automotive applications,TI will not be responsible for any failure to meet such requirements.Following are URLs where you can obtain information on other Texas Instruments products and application solutions:Products ApplicationsAmplifiers Audio /audioData Converters Automotive /automotiveDLP®Products Communications and /communicationsTelecomDSP Computers and /computersPeripheralsClocks and Timers /clocks Consumer Electronics /consumer-appsInterface Energy /energyLogic Industrial /industrialPower Mgmt Medical /medicalMicrocontrollers Security /securityRFID Space,Avionics&/space-avionics-defenseDefenseRF/IF and ZigBee®Solutions /lprf Video and Imaging /videoWireless /wireless-appsMailing Address:Texas Instruments,Post Office Box655303,Dallas,Texas75265Copyright©2010,Texas Instruments Incorporated。
高科技介绍英语作文
高科技介绍英语作文In the twenty-first century, the impact of high-tech has been profound and unparalleled. It has revolutionized the way we live, work, and interact with the world, transforming every aspect of our existence. From the smallest device in our pockets to the largest satellites orbiting the Earth, high-tech is reshaping the face of humanity.The advent of the internet has been a pivotal moment in the history of high-tech. It has connected people across the globe, enabling instant communication and access to information. The rise of social media platforms has further revolutionized the way we interact and share information, making the world more connected and accessible than ever before.Another significant milestone in high-tech is the development of artificial intelligence (AI). AI has the potential to revolutionize every industry, from healthcare to transportation. It can analyze vast amounts of data, make predictions, and automate tasks, greatly enhancing efficiency and productivity. AI-powered robots are nowperforming complex surgical procedures, driverless cars are being tested on public roads, and virtual assistants are helping us manage our daily tasks.The field of biotechnology has also been transformed by high-tech. Genetic engineering and CRISPR-Cas9 technology have enabled scientists to edit the genetic code of organisms, potentially curing genetic diseases and enhancing crop yields. The development of synthetic biology has further expanded our understanding of life and opened up new possibilities for biotechnology.High-tech has also had a profound impact on the way we work. Remote work has become increasingly common, enabled by high-speed internet and advanced collaboration tools. This flexibility has transformed the workplace, allowing employees to work from anywhere, improving work-life balance and productivity.In addition, high-tech has revolutionized the way we consume media and entertainment. Streaming services have replaced physical media, and virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) are providing immersive experiences that were previously unimaginable. The development ofgaming technology has also transformed the entertainment industry, with games becoming more realistic andinteractive.However, the rise of high-tech has also presented challenges. The digital divide, where some people lack access to technology and the internet, is a significant issue that needs to be addressed. Privacy concerns and the potential for misuse of technology are also growing concerns.In conclusion, high-tech has transformed our world in ways we could not have imagined. It has connected us, enabled us to work more efficiently, and provided us with unprecedented access to information and entertainment. However, we must also be mindful of the challenges thatarise with this technology and strive to address them to ensure that the benefits of high-tech are accessible to all. **高科技的变革力量**在二十一世纪，高科技的影响深远且无与伦比。
FT Historian SE 实时历史数据库
11
战略合作伙伴
领先的自动化和信息解决 方案 方案供应商
实时性管理软件产品 技术供应商 历史数据专家 产品平台
自动化和控制专业技术
解决方案平台
强强合作创造双赢解决方案
Copyright © 2010 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Copyright © 2010 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
Rockwell Automation, Inc. 版权所有并保留所有权利2012年。
24
FactoryTalk Historian SE配置
Copyright © 2010 Rockwell Automation, Inc. All rights reserved.
冗余和高可用性
系统管理工具
FactoryTalk VantagePoint , FactoryTalk View, ProcessBook, DataLink,定制的应用程序…
Histiorian冗余防止 服务器出现故障客户 端无法访问历史数据
PI SDK
从 Historian
配置变化
主 Historian
Rockwell Automation, Inc. 版权所有并保留所有权利2012年。
2
实时历史数据库的雏形
组态软件厂商
历史归档
控制系统厂商
数据记录
传统软件种功能
Rockwell Automation, Inc. 版权所有并保留所有权利2012年。
integrated circuit集成电路 海关提单数据270条锦日外贸名录集
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Tektronix AFG31000系列高性能模拟函数生成器说明书
Arbitrary Function GeneratorsAFG31000 Series DatasheetThe Tektronix AFG31000 Series is a high-performance AFG with built-in arbitrary waveform generation, real-time waveform monitoring, and the largest touchscreen on the market. Providing advanced waveform generation and programming capabilities, waveform verification, and a modern touch-screen interface, the new AFG31000 is sure to delight and simplify the job of every researcher and engineer.Key performance specifications1 or2 channel modelsOutput amplitude range 1 mV P-P to 10 V P-Pinto 50 Ω loadsBasic (AFG) mode:25 MHz, 50 MHz, 100 MHz, 150 MHz, or 250 MHz sine waveforms250 MSa/s, 1 GSa/s or 2 GSa/s sample rates14-bit vertical resolutionBuilt-in waveforms include sine, square, ramp, pulse, noise, andother frequently used waveformsSweep, Burst, and Modulation modes (AM, FM, PM, FSK, andPWM)Advanced (Sequence) mode:Continuous mode (optional Sequence, Triggered and Gatedmodes)16 Mpts arbitrary waveform memory on each channel (128 Mptsoptional)Up to 256 steps in sequence mode with loop, jump and wait events Variable sampling clock 1 µSa/s to 2 GSa/sKey featuresPatented InstaView ™ technology enables engineers to see the actual waveform at the Device Under Test (DUT) in real time, without the need of an oscilloscope and probe, eliminating the uncertainty causedby mismatched impedanceSequencing option adds the ability to program long, complexwaveforms with up to 256 stepsThe 9-inch capacitive touch screen works like a smart phone and hasshort-cuts to frequently used settingsBuilt-in ArbBuilder lets you create and edit arbitrary waveforms on theinstrument, eliminating the need to connect to a PCOutputs are protected from over voltage and current to minimizepotential instrument damageCompatible with TekBench ™ software to help students set up, control,and analyze test results in the labApplicationsAdvanced researchClock and system synchronizationReplication of real world signalsComponent and circuit characterization and validationEmbedded circuit design and testGeneral purpose signal generationBasic and Advanced ModesThe AFG31000 series is the industry’s first arbitrary function generator with full function Basic (AFG) and Advanced (Sequence) modes.In Basic mode, the AFG31000 generates traditional functions and arbitrary waveforms. The touchscreen and front-panel controls make it simple to set up.Basic mode lets you change frequency without the need to worry about waveform length and sample rate. This feature is useful in analog designs that characterize filter/amplifier frequency responses or in digital designs where clock rates change frequently.Key settings are visible at a glance, and are easy to adjust using touch, numeric keypad, or rotary controlsNew with the AFG31000, Advanced mode provides the ability to generate multiple waveforms with complex timing. In this mode, you can compose a list (or a sequence) of 1 to 256 waveforms, with total waveform length up to 16 Mpts/ch (128 Mpts/ch optional) and define the ouput sequence of these waveforms. Repeat, go-to, wait, jump, and triggered events are all supported and the large memory provides space to store many waveforms or long waveforms.This feature is very useful in applications where many test cases need to be performed sequentially. Instead of loading the test cases one by one, you can put all of them in a sequence and load at one time, switching from one to another seamlessly to greatly improve the test efficiency.Advanced mode lets you build complex waveform sequences with flexible step controlsSequenced sine waveforms with different frequency and amplitude. Additionally, Advanced mode uses variable sample rate technology. Every sample in a waveform is output once and only once in each cycle, synchronized to the sample rate. Since there is no skipping or repetition, all details in the waveforms are kept. This feature is very useful for applications in which signal fidelity is extremely critical, such as IQ modulation and pulse train generation.InstaView™ technology shows the actual waveform at the DUTMost waveform generators assume they are driving a 50 Ω impedance. However, most devices under test do not have a 50 Ω impedance. This mismatch results in an inconsistency between the waveform as set on the AFG and the signal at the DUT.DatasheetWith InstaView turned off, the AFG31000 works like a traditional function generator. Due to an impedance mismatch, the AFG display shows a different waveform from the one observed at the DUT.With the patented InstaView ™technology, the AFG31000 Series can display the actual waveform at the DUT, instead of just the nominalwaveform as set on the AFG. The waveform displayed on the AFG instantly responds to changes in frequency, amplitude, waveform shape, andimpedance changes at the DUT. InstaView helps eliminate the uncertainty and measurement risk caused by impedance mismatches, without requiringadditional cables, instruments, or effort.With InstaView turned on, the AFG31000 shows the waveform as observed at the DUT.A large touch screen and smart user interfaceThe large 9-inch capacitive touch screen displays all related settings and parameters on a single screen. Similar to smart devices, you can tap or swipe to easily select, browse, locate and change settings and parameters.Frequently-used functions are immediately accessible. Familiar buttons and rotary knob controls are available for more traditional navigation.Frequently used settings are easy to access from the swipe-up menuAFG31000 SeriesBuilt-in ArbBuilder tool makes creating and editing arbitrary waveforms easier than ever In the past, you needed a PC with waveform editing software to create or edit your arbitrary waveforms. The waveform would then need to be downloaded to the AFG using either a USB stick or a data cable connection. The process was time-consuming, especially when waveforms required frequent changes.ArbBuilder is a built-in application on the AFG31000 series that lets you create and edit your arbitrary waveforms directly on the generator. You can create arbitrary waveforms with the Equation Editor tool or start from a library of standard templates. Thanks to the large capacitive touch screen, you can drag, pinch and zoom to get the detail you need.You can quickly replicate real-world waveforms captured with oscilloscopes or created by third-party software by loading CSV format data files directly into ArbBuilder from a USB memory stick.Creating an arbitrary waveform using the easy touch screen interfaceSimplified multi-unit synchronizationMost applications need one or two channels of output, but some applications require more channels. For example, in order to simulate 3-phase power signals, engineers often need to synchronize three 2-channel generators; one for the voltage and current on each phase. To do this used to be time-consuming, as it required many cable connections between the AFG units, and making changes in deep branches of the menu trees on all instruments.The AFG31000 simplifies this process with an onscreen wizard that leads you through the process of making cable connections and configuring settings to synchronize multiple generators.An on-screen wizard guides you through the process of multiple-unit synchronizationUpgradability protects your investmentThe AFG31000 provides upgrade options for bandwidth, memory extension, and sequence mode support. These options can be installed at the factory or at any time after purchase. This upgradability helps to reduce the product ownership threshold. And when your test requirements change, you can purchase and install upgrade software licenses to add higher performance features. Upgrades eliminate the concern about the return on investment during the instrument lifetime.DatasheetAFG31000 SeriesSpecificationsAll specifications are guaranteed unless noted otherwise. All specifications apply to all models unless noted otherwise.Model overviewOutput characteristicsAmplitudeOutput impedance50 ΩLoad impedance setting Selectable: 50 Ω, 1 Ω to 10.0 kΩ, High Z (Adjusts displayed amplitude according to selected load impedance)Isolation42 Vpk maximum to earth groundShort-circuit protection Signal outputs are robust against permanent shorts against floating groundOvercurrent protection When incoming current is greater than 250 mA, the output channels are protected with relays that disconnect the AFG from thedevice under test. Connection can be resumed by user after removing the incoming currentGeneral characteristics - Basic modeBasic (AFG)Run modes Continuous, Modulation, Sweep and BurstStandard waveforms Sine, Square, Pulse, Ramp, More (Noise, DC,Sin(x)/x, Gaussian, Lorentz, Exponential Rise, Exponential Decay, Haversine )Arbitrary waveformsSampling clock: 250 MSa/s, 1 GSa/s or 2 GSa/s (model and waveform length apply)Vertical resolution: 14 bitsWaveform length: 2 to 131,072 pointsSineFrequency rangeEffective maximum frequency outAmplitude flatness (1 V P-P ,relative to 1 kHz)Amplitude flatness (1 V P-P ,relative to 1 kHz), typicalHarmonic distortion (1 V P-P ),typicalDatasheetTHD, typical≤ 0.04%, 10 Hz to 20 kHz, 1 V P-PSpurious noise (1 V P-P ), typicalPhase noise, typical< -125 dBc/Hz at 20 MHz, 10 kHz offset, 1 V P-PResidual clock noise, all models -63 dBmSquareFrequency rangeRise/fall time, typicalOvershoot, typical< 3%Jitter (RMS), typical2.5 psRampFrequency rangeLinearity, typical (1 kHz, 1 V P-P ,100% symmetry)Symmetry0% to 100%AFG31000 SeriesGeneral characteristics - Basic modePulseFrequency rangePulse widthPulse width resolution 10 ps or 5 digitsPulse Duty 0.001% to 99.999% (limitations of pulse width apply)Edge transition timeEdge transition time resolution 10 ps or 4 digits Lead delay rangeLead delay resolution 10 ps or 8 digits Overshoot, typical < 2%Jitter (RMS), typical 2.5 psDCRange (into 50 Ω)Resolution (into 50 Ω) 1 mV or 4 digits Accuracy ± (1% of |setting | +1mV)NoiseBandwidth (-3 dB)Noise typeWhite GaussianInternal noiseDatasheetGeneral characteristics - Basic modeOther waveformsFrequency rangeArbitrary waveformsFrequency rangeEffective analog bandwidth (-3 dB)Waveform length2 to 131,072Sample rateVertical resolution14 bitRise/fall time, typicalJitter (RMS), typical2.5 psModulationAM, FM, PMAM modulation depth0.0 % to 120 %AM modulation resolution0.1%AFG31000 SeriesGeneral characteristics - Basic modeMinimum FM peak deviationDCMaximum FM peak deviationPM phase deviation range0° to 180°PM phase resolution0.1°FSKPWMSweepType Linear, Logarithmic Waveforms All, except Pulse, Noise, DC Sweep time 1 ms to 500 s Hold/return time0 s to 500 s Maximum total sweep time500 sAccuracy, typical: ≤ 0.4%Minimum start/stop frequency All except ARB: 1 μHzARB: 1 mHzMaximum start/stop frequencyDatasheetGeneral characteristics - Basic modeBurstWaveform All except Noise, DC Type Triggered, gatedBurst count 1 to 1,000,000 cycles or Infinite Intenal trigger rate 1 μs to 500.0 sGate and trigger sources Internal, external, remote interfaceInstaView ™Waveforms All except noise Cable (channel output to load)50 Ω BNC to BNCRun modeContinuous in Basic modeMaximum measurement range (DC + peak AC voltage)DC level measurementAmplitude measurementBandwidth (-3 dB)500 MHzFlatness, sine, 1 V P-P , into 50 ohm, relative to 1 kHz,typicalCable propagation delay measurement, typicalAFG31000 SeriesGeneral characteristics - Basic modeGeneral characteristics - Advanced modeWaveform memory size 16 Mpts (128 Mpts optional) each channel Run modeStandard: ContinuousOptional: Sequence, Triggered, GatedNumber of waveform entriesContinuous, Triggered, Gated: 1 Sequence: 1 to 256Minimum waveform length 168 pts Waveform granularity 1 pt Vertical resolution 14 bitsJump/trigger events External trigger (rising or falling edge), manual trigger, timer, SCPI commands Repeat count 1 to 1,000,000 or infinite Timer range 2 µS to 3600 S Timer resolution 4 ns or 8 digitsVariable sample rateRise/Fall time, typicalOvershoot, typical< 2%Level flatness, typical (sine, 1 V P-P ,relative to 1 kHz)Harmonic distortion, typical (sine with 64 pts/cycle, 1 V P-P )DatasheetSpurious, typical (sine with 64 pts/cycle, 1 V P-P )Spurious free dynamic range,typical (sine with 64 pts/cycle,1 V P-P )Phase noise, typical (sine with 64 pts/cycle, 1 V P-P , at 10 kHz offset)Skew controlRange -320 ns to 320 ns (channel 1 to channel 2 on dual channel models, at maximum sample rate)Resolution 100 ps or 4 digits Accuracy, typical ±(1% of |setting| + 500 ps)Initial skew, typical< 500 psSystem characteristicsOutput Frequency ResolutionFrequency accuracy±10-6 of setting (all except ARB), 0 °C to 50 °C (32 °F to 122 °F)±10-6 of setting ± 1 μHz (ARB), 0 °C to 50 °C (32 °F to 122 °F)Aging ±1.0 x 10-6 per yearPhaseRange -180° to +180°Resolution0.01° (sine)0.1° (other waveforms)Remote program interface GPIB, Ethernet 10BASE-T / 100BASE-TX / 1000BASE-T, USB 2.0Maximum configuration times,typicalPower sourceSource100-240 V, 47-63 Hz 115 V, 360-440 HzConsumption120 WAFG31000 SeriesGeneral characteristics - Advanced modeWarm up time, typical 20 minutes minimum Power on self diagnosis time < 24 s Acoustic noise < 50 dBADisplay9-inch capacitive touch screen with 800 * 480 resolutionUser interface and Help languages English, French, German, Japanese, Korean, Simplified and Traditional Chinese, Russian (user selectable)Auxiliary input characteristicsExternal modulation input, channel 1 and channel 2Input rangeInput impedance 5.2 kΩFrequency range 125 kHz (1 MSa/s)External Trigger inputLevel TTL compatible Impedance10 kΩMinimum pulse width 100 nsSlopePositive or negative selectable Trigger delay range 0 ns to 85 s Trigger delay resolution 100 ps or 5 digitsTrigger latency, typical 390 ns (trigger input to signal output)Jitter (RMS), typical 100 ps (signal output, with external trigger input in burst mode)10 MHz reference clock inputImpedance 1 kΩInput couplingACRequired input voltage swing 100 mV P-P to 5 V P-P Lock range10 MHz ±35 kHz Channel 1 external add inputImpedance 50 ΩInput range -1 V to +1 V (DC + peak AC)BandwidthDC to 10 MHz (-3 dB) at 1 V P-P DatasheetSystem characteristicsAFG31000 Series Auxiliary output characteristicsChannel 1 trigger outputLevel Positive TTL level pulse into 1 kΩImpedance50 ΩJitter, RMS, typical10 ps for all modelsOutput frequency10 MHz reference clock outImpedance50 Ω, AC coupledAmplitude 1.2 V P-P into 50 Ω loadPhysical characteristicsDimensionsHeight191.8 mm (7.55 in.)Width412.8 mm (16.25 in.)Depth143.3 mm (5.64 in.)WeightNet 4.7 kg (10.4 lb.)Shipping7.0 kg (15.4 lb.)EMC, environment, and safetyTemperatureOperating0 °C to +50 °C (32 °F to 122 °F)Nonoperating-30 °C to +70 °C (-22 °F to 158 °F)HumidityOperating≤ 80%, 0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to104 °F)≤ 60%, > 40°C to 50°C (104 °F to 122 °F), noncondensingNonoperating5% to 90%, < 40 °C (< 104 °F), noncondensing5% to 80%, ≥ 40 °C to 60 °C (≥ 104 °F to 140 °F), noncondensing5% to 40%, > 60 °C to 70 °C (> 140 °F to 158 °F), noncondensingAltitudeOperating Up to 3,000 m (9,842 ft.)Nonoperating Up to 12,000 m (39,370 ft.)EMC compliance EN61326-1:2013, EN 61326-2-1:2013European Union EU Council Directive 2004/108/ECDatasheetEMC, environment, and safetySafety UL 61010-1:2004CAN/CSA C22.2 No. 61010-1:2004IEC 61010-1:2001Over-temperature protection Instrument is protected from over-temperature by turning off outputsAFG31000 Series Ordering InformationModelsAFG31021 1 μHz to 25 MHz sine wave, 1-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31022 1 μHz to 25 MHz sine wave, 2-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31051 1 μHz to 50 MHz sine wave, 1-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31052 1 μHz to 50 MHz sine wave, 2-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31101 1 μHz to 100 MHz sine wave, 1-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31102 1 μHz to 100 MHz sine wave, 2-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31151 1 μHz to 150 MHz sine wave, 1-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31152 1 μHz to 150 MHz sine wave, 2-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31251 1 μHz to 250 MHz sine wave, 1-channel arbitrary function generatorAFG31252 1 μHz to 250 MHz sine wave, 2-channel arbitrary function generatorOptionsFactory optionsMEM Extends arbitrary waveform memory to 128 Mpts/ch in Advanced modeSEQ Enables Sequence, Triggered and Gated modes in Advanced modeFeature upgrade after purchaseThe AFG31000 products offer several ways to easily add functionality after the initial purchase.DatasheetPower plug optionsOpt. A0North America power plug (115 V, 60 Hz)Opt. A1Universal Euro power plug (220 V, 50 Hz)Opt. A2United Kingdom power plug (240 V, 50 Hz)Opt. A3Australia power plug (240 V, 50 Hz)Opt. A5Switzerland power plug (220 V, 50 Hz)Opt. A6Japan power plug (100 V, 50/60 Hz)Opt. A10China power plug (50 Hz)Opt. A11India power plug (50 Hz)Opt. A12Brazil power plug (60 Hz)Opt. A99No power cordLanguage optionsOpt. L0English front panel overlay (default)Opt. L1French front panel overlayOpt. L2Italian front panel overlayOpt. L3German front panel overlayOpt. L4Spanish front panel overlayOpt. L5Japanese front panel overlayOpt. L6Portuguese front panel overlayOpt. L7Simplified Chinese front panel overlayOpt. L8Traditional Chinese front panel overlayOpt. L9Korean front panel overlayOpt. L10Russian front panel overlayOpt. L99No front panel overlayService optionsOpt. C3Calibration Service 3 YearsOpt. C5Calibration Service 5 YearsOpt. D1Calibration Data ReportOpt. D3Calibration Data Report 3 Years (with Opt. C3)Opt. D5Calibration Data Report 5 Years (with Opt. C5)Opt. R5Repair Service 5 Years (including warranty)Opt. T3Three Year Total Protection Plan, includes repair or replacement coverage from wear and tear, accidental damage, ESD or EOSplus preventative maintenance. Including a 5 day turnaround time and priority access to customer support Opt. T5Five Year Total Protection Plan, includes repair or replacement coverage from wear and tear, accidental damage, ESD or EOSplus preventative maintenance. Including a 5 day turnaround time and priority access to customer supportAccessories are not covered by the instrument warranty and Service Offerings.AccessoriesStandard accessories-----AFG31000 Series Arbitrary Function Generator Compliance, Installation, and Safety Instructions 012-1732-xx BNC cable shielded, 3 ft.174-4401-xx USB cable, A to B, 3 ft.-----Power cord-----NIST-traceable calibration certificate-----Three-year warranty on parts and laborRecommended accessories012-1732-xx BNC cable shielded, 3 ft.012-0991-xx GPIB cable, double shielded011-0049-02 50 Ω BNC terminatorACD4000B Soft transit caseHCTEK54Hard transit case (requires ACD4000B)WarrantyProduct warranty Three-year warranty on parts and laborTektronix is registered to ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 by SRI Quality System Registrar.Product(s) complies with IEEE Standard 488.1-1987, RS-232-C, and with Tektronix Standard Codes and Formats.Product Area Assessed: The planning, design/development and manufacture of electronic Test and Measurement instruments.AFG31000 SeriesDatasheetASEAN / Australasia (65) 6356 3900 Austria 00800 2255 4835*Balkans, Israel, South Africa and other ISE Countries +41 52 675 3777 Belgium 00800 2255 4835*Brazil +55 (11) 3759 7627 Canada180****9200Central East Europe and the Baltics +41 52 675 3777 Central Europe & Greece +41 52 675 3777 Denmark +45 80 88 1401Finland +41 52 675 3777 France 00800 2255 4835*Germany 00800 2255 4835*Hong Kong 400 820 5835 India 000 800 650 1835 Italy 00800 2255 4835*Japan 81 (3) 6714 3086 Luxembourg +41 52 675 3777 Mexico, Central/South America & Caribbean 52 (55) 56 04 50 90Middle East, Asia, and North Africa +41 52 675 3777 The Netherlands 00800 2255 4835*Norway 800 16098People's Republic of China 400 820 5835 Poland +41 52 675 3777 Portugal 80 08 12370Republic of Korea +822 6917 5084, 822 6917 5080 Russia & CIS +7 (495) 6647564 South Africa +41 52 675 3777Spain 00800 2255 4835*Sweden 00800 2255 4835*Switzerland 00800 2255 4835*Taiwan 886 (2) 2656 6688 United Kingdom & Ireland 00800 2255 4835*USA180****9200* European toll-free number. If not accessible, call: +41 52 675 3777For Further Information. Tektronix maintains a comprehensive, constantly expanding collection of application notes, technical briefs and other resources to help engineers working on the cutting edge of technology. Please visit . Copyright © Tektronix, Inc. All rights reserved. Tektronix products are covered by U.S. and foreign patents, issued and pending. Information in this publication supersedes that in all previously published material. Specification andprice change privileges reserved. TEKTRONIX and TEK are registered trademarks of Tektronix, Inc. All other trade names referenced are the service marks, trademarks, or registered trademarks of their respective companies.13 Nov 2018 75W-61444-2 。
VIAVI T-BERD MTS-5800 一体化测试器产品说明书
Data Sheet BrochureVIAVIT-BERD/MTS-5800All-In-One Tester Promotes Power Utility ReliabilityKey Benefitsy Ability to generate summary reportsin minutes y Simplifies multi-technology testing with an all-in-one test solution y Optimized for substation use with a multitouch screen, scripted workflows, and clear results y Supports efficient best practices with repeatable methods and procedures y Speeds fiber testing, Ethernet service testing, and advanced ad-hoc tests for troubleshooting chronic problemsKey Featuresy 1/10 Gigabit Ethernet with 10 separate traffic streams measuring throughput, delay , jitter, frame loss rate, and bustability y VLAN discovery , VLAN P-Bit verification, IPv4, TOS/DSCP priority verification, service disruption measurements, Ethernet multicast transparency check and MPLS encapsulation y Automated RFC 2544 and Y .1564 testmethodologies included at no extra charge y 72 channel, multi-constellation GNSS satellite receiver with NTP and PTP test applications y SONE/SDH (OC-3 to OC-192) delay , throughput and service disruption measurements y Nx64 C37.94 and T1/T3 interfaces, andSerial Datacom (RS-232/V .24, RS-530(a), X.21, RS-449, V .35) y Compatible with VIAVI 4100-Series OTDR modules with Smart LinkMapper™, fiber microscopes, and visual fault locators y Job Manager for easy , automated testconfigurations and reporting, StrataSync softwareThe T-BERD/MTS-5800 is a portable test unit designed to make the utility technician’s life easier and the power grid more reliable. The compact tester helps technicians and contractors at power substations complete a broad range of network tests on both legacy and emerging technologies and protocols.The T-BERD/MTS-5800 enables different technicians to perform the same tests, the same way , in the same order bringing a systematic, measurable approach to substation communication installation and maintenance. The end results are improved grid reliability , satisfied regulators, and a smooth migration path to a smart grid-friendly infrastructure.The External WAN and the Substation LANTwo sub-sections of the network that requiremeticulous attention are the wide-area network (WAN) or “backbone” connecting control centers to substations, and the local-area network (LAN) connecting power system equipment within a substation to the broader network.Wide Area NetworkIt is imperative that the WAN is transmitting data and messaging at peak performance between control centers and substations. Armed with VIAVI T-BERD/MTS-5882s, technicians should test the following for network availability, performance, and delays:y Fiber tests. Inspect fiber for dirty connectors and verify the underlying fiber integrity. Ensure optical power is appropriate and confirm patch panels, connectors and splices have not introduced impairments, creating marginal communications conditions that can lead to failures.y Transport quality. Confirm that the throughput, delay, and bit error rates (SONET/SDH, Ethernet/IP/MPLS)are within the service provider/carrier SLA targets. Use industry standard ITU Y.1564 to test multi-application transport performance.y Ethernet Control Plane. Protocols that provide redundancy over Ethernet/IP networks use multicast trafficfor control. Multicast is traditionally blocked by service providers to avert broadcast storms. T est that multicast traffic is not blocked and is flowing transparently from end-to-end.y VLAN and IP Priority. For optimal application performance across the shared WAN circuit, ensure that VLAN and OP priority bits and configurations are correctly configured and passing across the WAN from end-to-end.y Layer 4 (TCP) application testing. Confirm TCP level performance using RFC 6349.y Timing. Check PTP (IEEE 1588v2) and NTP to confirm the Maximum Time Error is within IEC 61850 targets so teleprotection equipment, synchrophasers and event recorders stay within microseconds of each other. Check synchronous Ethernet and synchronization in packet networks. Substation LANMany communication devices are used to control power system equipment in the substation yard, therefore its top performance is critically important. T o maintain the reliability of the substation’s functions, the T-BERD/MTS-5882 should be used for:y Fiber tests. Glass fiber is impervious to electromagnetic interference (EMI), but must still be tested for integrity so transmissions through patch panels, connectors and splices are error free.y Tele-protection interfaces. C37.94, including one-way delay (OWD), serial datacom such as RS-232/V.24, and X.21/V.11, and Nx64 T1 interfaces that connect power system equipment to Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) should be Bit Error Rate tested to confirm that EMI is not impacting communications.y Proper Ethernet installation. Confirm multicast is properly configured and is transparently passed. Ensure VLANs and IP address are properly configured, and that traffic contains the correct priority markings. Confirm Ethernet port discovery is functioning on switches.The 30-Minute Close-OutThe T-BERD/MTS-5800’s breadth of tests combined with the work-saving features of Job Manager, a freeapp designed for the T-BERD/MTS product line, not only helps power utility technicians complete a broadrange of tests systematically and consistently, but also consolidates the test results into a summary report.Just manually compiling such reports could easily take hours, but with the T-BERD/MTS-5800 a technician can complete the tests and the reporting in minutes.2 VIAVI T-BERD/MTS-5800Contact Us +1 844 GO VIAVI (+1 844 468 4284)To reach the VIAVI office nearest you, visit /contactStataSyncStrataSync is free, cloud-hosted software system that supports VIAVI instruments with integrated centralized asset, inventory , configuration, and test data management. StrataSync is designed to eliminate email dispatches, manual test procedure set-up, manual reporting, and management dash-boarding.Ordering Information© 2022 VIAVI Solutions Inc.Product specifications and descriptions in this document are subject to change without notice. Patented as described at /patents5800-powerutility-br-tfs-nse-ae 30191038 901 1122。
惊人的机器人技术 超越人脑或不再是梦想
惊人的机器人技术超越人脑或不再是梦想(图)2013年08月06日07:39来源：凤凰科技布里斯托尔机器人实验室的科学家发明了一种人工指尖叫tacitip，它可以模仿出最复杂和最敏感的手指触觉。
凤凰科技讯2013年8月6日消息，如今的机器人技术发展已经大大超出了人们的想象。
许多机器人都能够拥有非常自然的触摸感觉系统。
在布里斯托尔机器人实验室和谢菲尔德中心机器人科学家展示他们的BIOTACT传感器。
这种传感器可以敏感地感受到老鼠身上的毛发。
装上这种传感器的小型机器人可以将周围的环境一丝不差的绘制出图形。
布里斯托尔机器人实验室的科学家发明了一种人工指尖叫tacitip，它可以模仿出最复杂和最敏感的手指触觉。
该技术是基于科学家对指尖的表皮层在触摸时如何变形的了解。
生物和人工科学融合技术的科学家还意识到，自然和工程系统拥有共同的原则。
科学家相信创造机器人将从根本上改变我们的技术，并且模糊自然和人工之间的边界。
现在的机器人就可以模拟变色龙的细胞、章鱼、蠕虫等等自然界的东西。
一款真人大小的交互式多语种的人形称为“机甲演员”机器人，它工程技术发达，可以与真正的人类说话，用液晶眼睛表达互动。
这种机器人被设计成一个科学的教育工具，它通过阅读文本的表达甚至模仿人类的运动来娱乐观众。
另一款称为iCub人形机器人可以伴着音乐跳舞。
它执行一个曲目的舞蹈样动作，证明了它的感知行为的学习能力。
设计这样的机器人的目在于，通过舞蹈展示其情感能力，实现与人类相互理解与互动。
康沃尔工程师威尔·杰克逊制造了一款机器人可以与观众进行互动。
有35个这样的机器人正在代替导游每天重复而沉闷的工作。
它们可以模仿和识别人类的肢体动作，并做出相应的反应。
目前，生产这样的一个机器人需要55000欧元。
(编译/韩林君)《星际迷航》心灵传送或可实现(图)2013年08月06日07:35来源：凤凰科技电影《星际迷航》里的柯克船长和斯波克船长。
凤凰科技讯北京时间8月6日消息，英国每日邮报报道，在流行的科幻电影里，心灵传送使得你能够在两地之间迅速移动。
施耐德自动化产品介绍
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ፌׂิࢅీׂࣅٷၳ୲ ॔੦߾ሏႜጒLjۨᆫ ံपਦ֧փీࠕेᅜํแԍኤ߾ڟڥᆶၳڦ੦
具有规模可延展性、灵活性、集成性、协同性四大特性 规模可延展性 协同性
适应系统改造和升级需求
灵活性
您的系统对于我们来说 都是独一无二的 支持各种客户需要的系统 构架，可以实现从单站点 控制，多站点控制，分布 式控制，集中式控制，离 散控制，过程控制，安全 控制到批量控制的多种控 制方式。
3
Modicon Quantum-性能卓越的高端 自动化平台
概述
Unity Pro
a Socollaborative software
Modicon Quantum 是 PLC 的发明者 Modicon 推出的高端自动化平 台，一经推出，就以其无与伦比的可靠性和稳定性，在全球范围内， 特别是中国市场上取得了巨大的成功。2005 年初施耐德电气推出全 新的 Unity 自动化平台，作为该平台的重要组成部分之一，Modicon Quantum 获得了全面的升级。 作为工厂自动化和过程自动化领域最理想的高端自动化平台， Modicon Quantum 广泛应用于以下领域：
海事组织的认证：
■ 美国 ABS 认证 ■ 法国 BV 认证 ■ 挪威 DNV 认证 ■ 德国 GL 认证 ■ CEI GOST 认证 ■ 英国 LR 认证 ■ CIS 的 RRS 认证
等
4
全面升级的 CPU 的技术特征
随着 Unity 自动化平台的发布， Modicon Quantum 推出 6 款基于 Unity 平台的 CPU。这些 CPU 在指令执行速度，内存容量，通讯性能 和热备性能等方面获得了巨大的突破：
抡洛科登（Fluke） Ti4x 教程说明书
The Fluke Ti4x models feature everything needed for virtually every thermography task. With a 160 x 120 detector and a temperature sensitivity to 0.08 °C (NETD) they deliver high resolution images where even the smallest temperaturedifferences can be seen. The units are extremely easy to use through the Windows ® CE menu structure and offer an extended troubleshooting feature set to allow on the spot analysis in the field.The versatile choice for maintenanceand production engineers and technicians.FeaturesHigh resolution, low noise VOx detector for high quality images Temperature range to cover broad industrial applications High temperature option High thermal sensitivity for viewing even the smallest temperature differences 180° articulating fl exible lens to view images in every situation Choice of 3 interchangeable lenses to cover every application Large 5” high contrast color LCD for a clear picture independent of lighting conditionsFully radiometric for detailed temperature analysis and tracking SmartFocus for best image quality and accurate temperature measurementsWindows CE based menu structure for ease of use Personalized instrument set-up for multiple useCompactFlash memory cards to store over 1000 IR images plus fully radiometric temperature dataSmartView reporting and analysis software included AutoCapture for making intermittent problems visible On-board analysis functions User defi ned text annotations for simplifi ed reporting Built-in visible light (digital) cameraIR-Fusion blending thermal and visible light images to easily pinpoint suspect components IR/Visible Alarm functionLaser pointer for easy targetingFlash and torch light for high quality images in dark environmentsTi45FT Ti45Ti40FT Ti40160 x 120-20 to +600 °C (-4 to 1112 ºF) -20 to +350 °C (-4 ºF to 662 ºF)1200 °C (2192 °F)≤0.08 °C ≤0.09 °C● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● Picture-in-pictureonly● ● ● ●●Typical applications:•P redictive maintenance – Identify electrical and mechanical problems before they cause failure•I ndustrial maintenance – Check whether repairs have been performed successfully •Q uality control – Examine prototypes and refine thermal management designs • P rocess monitoring – Real-time observation to ensure efficient and safe operationMotor3-phase systemPredictive maintenanceTi40 and Ti45 IR FlexCam ® Thermal ImagersTo fi nd out more aboutFluke thermal imagers go to www.fl /thermography or in the United States call 1-800-760-4523.Imaging performanceTemperature measurementImage presentationOptional lensesImage and data storage Interfaces and software Laser (IR-Fusion models only) Controls and adjustmentsPowerEnvironmental and mechanicaldesignOtherFluke Ti45Fluke Ti40ThermalField of view (FOV)* 23° horizontal x 17° verticalSpatial resolution (IFOV)* 2.60 mrad Min focus distance*0.15 m Thermal sensitivity (NETD) ≤0.08 °C at 30 °C≤0.09 °C at 30 °CDetector data acquisition / 30 Hz/30 HzImage frequency FocusSmartFocus; one fi nger continuous focusIR digital zoom 2x-Detector type 160 x 120 Focal Plane Array, Vanadium Oxide (VOx) Uncooled MicrobolometerSpectral band8 µm to 14 µmDigital image enhancement Automatic full-time enhancedVisual (IR-Fusion models only)On camera operating modes Full thermal, full visual light or mergedFull thermal or full visual light.thermal-visual images. Merge thermal-visual images in SmartViewPicture-in-Picturesoftware. Picture-in-Picture Visible light camera 1280 x 1024 pixels, full colorVisible light digital zoom2x-Calibrated temperature range -20 °C to 600 °C (-4 ºF to 1112 ºF) in 3 ranges -20 °C to 350 °C (-4 ºF to 662 ºF) in 2 ranges Range 1 = -20 °C to 100 °C (-4 ºF to 212 ºF) Range 1 = -20 °C to 100 °C (-4 ºF to 212 ºF) Range 2 = -20 °C to 350 °C (32 ºF to 662 ºF) Range 2 = -20 °C to 350 °C (32 ºF to 662 ºF)Range 3 = 250 °C to 600 °C (482 ºF to 1112 ºF)-Optional - High temperature Up to 1200 °C (2192 ºF)- Range 4 = 500 °C to 1200 °C (932 ºF to 2192 ºF)-Accuracy±2 °C or 2% (whichever is greater)Measurement modes Centerpoint, center box (area min/max,average), moveable spots/boxes, user defi ned fi eld/text annotations, isotherms, Centerpoint, center box automatic hot and cold point detection, (area min/max, average)visible color alarm above and belowEmissivity correction0.1 to 1.0 (0.01 increments)Digital display 5” large high-resolution digital displayLCD backlightSunlight readable color LCDVideo output RS170 EIA/NTSC or CCIR/PAL composite videoPalettesGrayscale, grayscale inverted, blue red, high contrast, hot metal, ironbow, amber, amber inverted54 mm Telephoto lens High precision Germanium lens Field of view (FOV) 9° horizontal x 6° verticalSpatial resolution (IFOV) 0.94 mrad Min focus distance 0.6 m10.5 mm wide angle lens High precision Germanium lens Field of view (FOV) 42° horizontal x 32° verticalSpatial resolution (IFOV) 4.9 mrad Min focus distance0.3 mStorage medium Compact fl ash card stores over 1000 IR images (512MB card standard)File formats supported 14 bit measurement data included. Exportable JPEG, BMP, PCX, PNG, PSD.Interface Compact fl ash card reader includedSoftware SmartView; Full analysis and reporting software includedClassifi cation Class IILaser targeting Laser dot visible on screen when blending thermal and visible image Set-up controls Date/time, temperature units C/F, language, scale, LCD intensity (high/normal/low)Image controls Level, span, auto adjust (continuous/manual)On-screen indicatorsBattery status, target emissivity, background temperature and realtime clockBattery typeLi-Ion smart battery, rechargeable, fi eld-replaceable Battery operating time 3 hours continuous operation (2 hours for models with IR-Fusion)Battery charging 2 bay intelligent charger powered via AC outletAC operation AC adapter 110/220 VAC, 50/60 Hz-Power savingAutomatic shutdown and sleep modes (user specifi ed)Operating temperature -10 °C to +50 °C (14 °F to 122 °F)Storage temperature -40 °C to +70 °C (-40 °F to 158 °F)Relative humidity Operating and storage 10% to 95%, non-condensingWater and dust resistant IP54Weight (including batteries) 1.95 kg (4.3 lbs)Camera size (HxWxD)162 x 262 x 101mm (6.5” x 10.5” x 4.0”)Warranty2 yearsIncluded accessories Heavy duty carrying case 2 rechargeable battery packs Battery chargerAC adapter (for Ti45 only)Video cable512 MB compact flash card Compact flash card reader and USB cablePCMCIA compact flash card reader Neck strapSmartView reporting and analysis software on CD User manual on CDOrdering information*FLK Ti40-20I R FlexCam Thermal ImagerFLK Ti40FT-20 I R FlexCam ThermalImager with FusionFLK Ti45-20I R FlexCam Thermal ImagerFLK Ti45FT-20 I R FlexCam ThermalImager with Fusion *For ordering information of optional lenses check the Fluke webSpecifications*standard 20 mm Germanium lensVisit the Fluke web site for complete specifi cationsFluke CorporationPO Box 9090, Everett, WA USA 98206Fluke Europe B.V.PO Box 1186, 5602 BDEindhoven, The NetherlandsFor more information call:In the U.S.A. (800) 443-5853 or Fax (425) 446-5116In Europe/M-East/Africa +31 (0) 40 2675 200 or Fax +31 (0) 40 2675 222In Canada (800)-36-FLUKE or Fax (905) 890-6866From other countries +1 (425) 446-5500 or Fax +1 (425) 446-5116Web access: ©2006 Fluke Corporation. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. 5/2006 2674273 D-US-N Rev AFluke. Keeping your world up and running.™。
NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX系列产品介绍说明书
NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX Series Orin performance. Nano size.The Most Advanced AI Computer for Smaller, Lower-Power Autonomous MachinesNVIDIA® Jetson Orin™ NX series modules deliver up to 100 TOPS of AI performance in the smallest Jetson form-factor, with power configurable between 10W and25W. This gives you 3X the performance of NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier™ and 5X the performance of Jetson Xavier™ NX, making it ideal for small form-factor, low-power products like drones and handheld devices.These system-on-modules support multiple concurrent AI application pipelines with an NVIDIA Ampere architecture GPU, next-generation deep learning and vision accelerators, high-speed IO, and fast memory bandwidth. Now, you can develop solutions using your largest and most complex AI models to solve problems such as natural language understanding, 3D perception, and multi-sensor fusion.Jetson runs the NVIDIA AI software stack and takes advantage of use case-specific application frameworks, including NVIDIA Isaac™ for robotics, DeepStream for vision AI, and Riva for conversational AI. You can also save significant time with NVIDIA Omniverse™ Replicator for synthetic data generation (SDG), and with NVIDIA TAO Toolkit for fine-tuning pretrained AI models from the NGC™ catalog.Jetson ecosystem partners offer additional AI and system software, developer tools, and custom software development. They can also help with cameras and other sensors, as well as carrier boards and design services for your product. Jetson Orin modules are unmatched in performance and efficiency for robots and other autonomous machines, giving you the flexibility to create the next generation of AI solutions with the latest NVIDIA GPU technology. Together with the world-standard NVIDIA AI software stack and an ecosystem of services and products, your road to market has never been faster.DatasheetReady to Get Started?To learn more about the Jetson Orin, visit: /Jetson-Orin© 2023 NVIDIA Corporation. All rights reserved. NVIDIA, the NVIDIA logo, CUDA, Jetson AGX Xavier, NGC, NVIDIA Isaac, NVIDIA Jetson, and NVIDIA Orin are trademarks and/or registered trademarks of NVIDIA Corporation in the U.S. and other countries. ARM, AMBA and ARM Powered are registered trademarks of ARM Limited. Cortex, MPCore and Mali are trademarks of ARM Limited. All other brands or product names are the property of their respective holders. “ARM” is used to represent ARM Holdings plc; its operating company ARM Limited; and the regional subsidiaries ARM Inc.; ARM KK; ARM Korea Limited.; ARM Taiwan Limited; ARM France SAS; ARM Consulting (Shanghai) Co. Ltd.; ARM Germany GmbH; ARM Embedded Technologies Pvt. Ltd.; ARM Norway, AS and ARM Sweden AB. Other company and product names may be trademarks of the respective companies withwhich they are associated. 2605318. JAN23* Virtual channel-related camera information for Jetson Orin NX is not final and subject to change.Refer to the Software Features section of the latest NVIDIA Jetson Linux Developer Guide for a list of supported features.NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX Series Modules。
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Technology inthe Spotlight…FactoryTalk® Historian SEFactoryTalk® Historian SE Reporting XLReporter generates Excel based reports from Rockwell Software® FactoryTalk Historian SE from data that has been collected and stored.The purpose of this document is to describe how to interface XLReporter to the FactoryTalk Historian Historical DataCreating reports from FactoryTalk Historian is performed by simply selecting the tags, a time frame and interval of interest. e.g., hourly averages of the previous day. In this manner, reports containing raw values, informative metrics such as run times and statistics can be easily produced, automatically.FactoryTalk Historian provides an OPC-HDA Server interface that clients, such as XLReporter, can use to retrieve historical information.Before you BeginIn order for XLReporter to communicate with FactoryTalk Historian, the machine where XLReporter is installed must also have the OPC core components installed. The OPC core components are provided in the tools folder of the XLReporter install CD or from .If XLReporter is installed on a PC that is remote to FactoryTalk Historian then a number of settings need to be configured on both the server and client machines. This includes having matching Windows user accounts on both machines and enabling DCOM on the machine where FactoryTalk Historian is installed.For a detailed explanation of what is needed, please read the OPC Training Institute documentO PC_and_DCOM_5_things_you_need_to_know that is provided in the Tools folder of the XLReporter install CD or from .Pre-requisites to Data LoggingBefore data logging can be performed by the FactoryTalk Historian, the FactoryTalk Network Directory must be configured with a valid user. This is done by opening the FactoryTalk Network Directory Configuration Wizard available from the FactoryTalk Tools program group in the Start menu.Setting up Data LoggingTo setup data logging, open the FactoryTalk Administration Console and open the Network Directory you configured previously.FactoryTalk Administration ConsoleConfigure the historian to log data from one or more interfaces including FactoryTalk View SE, RSLinx® or any available OPC Server. Discovery tools are provided to assist in browsing for available interfaces.With the FactoryTalk Historian running, any new point added to the Historical Data collection will begin archiving.To start or stop the Factory Talk Historian, select Start FT Historian System or Stop FT Historian System from the FactoryTalk Historian program group in the Start menu.The PI System Management Tools can be used to modify collection settings and validate that information is being collected. In the System Management Plug-in window, expand Data to view both Current Values and Archived Values logged to the FactoryTalk Historian.PI System Management ConsoleRetrieving Historical DataXLReporter accesses values from the FactoryTalk Historian using a history group.To create a history group, open XLReporter’s Project Explorer, double click on History Group to list the groups that are already configured in the active project. Select New… and then the type of group. Calculated values are calculations like average, minimum and maximum, samples values are interpolated values and raw values are the actual samples recorded.History Group BuilderAfter selecting the group type, the history group must be connected to the Historian. From the Setup tab, click Connect….to open the OPC-HDA Servers window.In the Servers window, specify the Node where the FactoryTalk Historian is installed, or if XLReporter is installed on the same machine as the Historian, check the local checkbox. From the list of Servers, selectOSI.HDA.1 and click OK. This is the OPC-HDA server interface provided by the FactoryTalk Historian.OPC-HDA Server BrowserFrom the History Group window select the Columns tab, and choose the Name and Calculation for each tag required in the group. In the group is a calculation group, the following calculations are provided:•Count•Start and End value•Total•Interpolated sample•Minimum and Time of Minimum•Maximum and Time of Maximum•Standard Deviation•Average (Time weighted and raw)•Range•Delta•Percentage Good and BadFrom the History Group window, select the Time Period tab and select the Start Time, End Time and Interval for the group. By default this is set to one hour intervals over the current day.The Preview pushbutton at the bottom of the history group display can be pressed to preview the result of the current configuration.PreviewPreview displays the data exactly the same way it will be written into the report.Retrieving Live DataThe FactoryTalk Historian also provides access to live data. In this case “live” refers to the last value stored by Historian.XLReporter can retrieve this data via a Real Time connection to the FactoryTalk Historian OPC Server.To verify the connection to the FactoryTalk Historian OPC Server, open XLReporter’s Project Explorer and start the System Check application. If XLReporter is installed on the same node as FactoryTalk Historian, browse for the local server otherwise browse for the remote server on the Node specified.Real Time System CheckTo connect to live values for FactoryTalk Historian the Server should be set to OSI.DA.1.Tuning for AutomationThe first time XLReporter accesses data from the FactoryTalk Historian, a popup window appears to the user. The reason this window appears is that an instance of the OPC-HDA server is started for each user that attempts to access it.To prevent the popup window from appearing the Windows Service installed for the OPC-HDA server and the server itself must be launched with the same Windows user account.To configure the Windows Service to run under a specific user account, open the Windows Control Panel then select Administrative Tools, Services.Services WindowLocate the PI OPC HDA Server for PI service, right-click and select Properties. Go to the Log on tab, select This Account and specify the account to run the service under.Service PropertiesTo configure the server itself to launch with the same account, you must configure the DCOM settings. To do this, select Start, Run and enter dcomcnfg. Browse to Component Services, Computers, My Computer, DCOM Config. Locate PI OSI HDA Server right-click and select Properties.DCOM ConfigUnder the Security tab, set Launch and Activation Permissions to Customize and click the Edit button. SYSTEM, INTERACTIVE and NETWORK should always be listed. If XLReporter’s Scheduler is set to run as a Windows Service, you must also add the Windows user the Scheduler Service is running. All other Groups or Users should be removed.DCOM Properties Launch PermissionsUnder the Identity tab, set the account to This user and specify the same user account that you configured for the Windows Service to run under.DCOM Properties Identity TabFor more information, please refer to Running the OPC Server as a Service section of the PI_OSIOPC document provided with the FactoryTalk Historian installation. Rockwell Software, RSLinx, FactoryTalk are registered trademarks of Rockwell Automation, Inc.。